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<span>Generators</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Generators-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Generators subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Generators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Templates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Templates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Templates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Templates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bookmarklets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bookmarklets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bookmarklets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bookmarklets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desktop_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desktop_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Desktop software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desktop_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference_management_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference_management_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Reference management software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference_management_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-User_scripts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_scripts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>User scripts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_scripts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tools_to_improve_existing_citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tools_to_improve_existing_citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tools to improve existing citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tools_to_improve_existing_citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duplicate_reference_finders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duplicate_reference_finders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Duplicate reference finders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duplicate_reference_finders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries_for_developers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries_for_developers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Libraries for developers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries_for_developers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Documentation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Help</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Citation tools</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Mise_en_forme_automatique_des_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences" title="Aide:Mise en forme automatique des références – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aide:Mise en forme automatique des références" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Narz%C4%99dzia_cytowania" title="Wikipedia:Narzędzia cytowania – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wikipedia:Narzędzia cytowania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="Help:參考文獻工具 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Help:參考文獻工具" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8614563#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-help" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="View the help page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Help page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Citation_tools" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_tools&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_tools&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_tools&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_tools&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Help:Citation_tools" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Help:Citation_tools" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_tools&oldid=1251701578" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_tools&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHelp%3ACitation_tools"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHelp%3ACitation_tools"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Help%3ACitation_tools&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_tools&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8614563" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This page is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikimedia project page for citation</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Wikipedia:Ref tools" redirects here. For referencing toolbar that is part of the default Wikipedia editor, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RefToolbar" title="Wikipedia:RefToolbar">Wikipedia:RefToolbar</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/30px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/45px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/60px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This help page is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#Wikipedia_how-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">how-to guide</a>.</b><br/><div style="font-size: 90%;">It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>, and may reflect varying levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:CITETOOL"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CITETOOL&redirect=no">WP:CITETOOL</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The following tools can help you assemble a citation from limited information, with limited effort, although you should check their output for accuracy. These are tools with a variety of interfaces that provide a complete formatted reference based on a few initial details. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="General" data-mw-thread-id="h-General"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-General"></span>General<span data-mw-comment-end="h-General"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/User:ProveIt_GT" class="mw-redirect" title="User:ProveIt GT">ProveIt</a> provides a graphical interface for editing, adding, and citing references. It may be enabled per the documentation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RefToolbar" title="Wikipedia:RefToolbar">RefToolbar</a> is part of the editing tool bar</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Generators" data-mw-thread-id="h-Generators"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Generators"></span>Generators<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Generators"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:CITEGENERATORS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CITEGENERATORS&redirect=no">WP:CITEGENERATORS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Programming_tools" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Wikipedia:Citing sources § Programming tools</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks wikitable plainlinks" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Editor tools</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#E9E9E9;padding:0.1em 0;"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools">Editing aids</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.6em;"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/dispenser/cgi-bin/altviewer.py?">Alt text</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://copyvios.toolforge.org/">Copyvio detector</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/dispenser/view/Peer_reviewer">Peer review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Dispenser/Dab_solver" title="User:Dispenser/Dab solver">Dab solver</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/dispenser/view/Dablinks">Disambig links</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/dispenser/view/Rdcheck">Redirect check</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#E9E9E9;padding:0.1em 0;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Citation tools</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.6em;"> <ul><li><b><a class="external text" href="https://citer.toolforge.org/">Citer</a></b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sumsearch.org/cite/">Biomedical cite</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/citations/">Citation bot</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/dupdet/">Dup detector</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/makeref/">MakeRef</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://refill.toolforge.org/ng/">Refill</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/">WayBack</a></li> <li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Web2Cit" class="extiw" title="m:Web2Cit">Web2Cit</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#E9E9E9;padding:0.1em 0;"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance#Things_to_watch_out_for" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Things to review</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.6em;"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/copypatrol/en">Copyvios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:NewPagesFeed" title="Special:NewPagesFeed">New pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:NewFiles" title="Special:NewFiles">New files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="Special:RecentChanges">Recent changes</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?userExpLevel=unregistered&hidebots=1&hidecategorization=1&hideWikibase=1&limit=500&days=30&title=Special:RecentChanges&urlversion=2">IP edits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dashboard" title="Wikipedia:Dashboard">Discussions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#E9E9E9;padding:0.1em 0;"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customisation" title="Wikipedia:Customisation">Customisation</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Editor_tools" title="Template:Editor tools"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Editor_tools" title="Template talk:Editor tools"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Editor_tools" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Editor tools"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sumsearch.org/cite/">Biomedical citation maker</a></b> by <a href="/wiki/User:Badgettrg" title="User:Badgettrg">User:Badgettrg</a>. Converts a PubMed ID (PMID), DOI, PMCID, NCT to <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> or simple wikiformatting for all journals indexed by PubMed. Bookmarklet is available. Adds links to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161022143433/http://annals.org/aim/journal-club">ACP Journal Club</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ebm.bmj.com/">Evidence-Based Medicine</a> comments if present.</li> <li><b><a class="external text" href="https://citationhunt.toolforge.org/">Citation Hunt</a></b>: A tool for browsing snippets of Wikipedia articles that <a href="/wiki/Template:Cn" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Cn">lack citations</a>.</li> <li><b><a class="external text" href="https://citer.toolforge.org/">Citer</a></b>: Converts a URL, DOI, ISBN, PMID, PMCID, <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> URL into a citation and <a href="/wiki/Help:Shortened_footnotes" title="Help:Shortened footnotes">shortened footnote</a>. It also can generate citations for <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/5j9/citer#what-does-it-do">certain major news websites</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TWL/Citoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TWL/Citoid">Citoid</a></b>: A tool built into both <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">Visual Editor</a> and source editor that attempts to build a full citation based on a URL. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide#Using_Citoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">user guide</a>.</li> <li><b><a class="external text" href="https://citation-template-filling.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/index.cgi">Diberri Template builder</a></b>: Converts URL, DrugBank ID, HGNC ID, PubMed ID, PubMed Central ID or PubChem ID to full citation.</li> <li><b><a class="external text" href="https://makeref.toolforge.org">MakeRef</a></b>: A form for creating various <span>{{<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates#Examples" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">cite xxx</a>}}</span> templates.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:OABOT" title="Wikipedia:OABOT">OABOT</a></b>, a tool that finds open-access links for citations</li> <li><b><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Web2Cit" class="extiw" title="m:Web2Cit">Web2Cit</a></b>: An automatic citation generator for web sources, meant to complement citation results by Citoid for which no valid <i>translators</i> exist. Web2Cit translators are community controlled. It runs <a class="external text" href="https://web2cit.toolforge.org/">its own server on toolforge</a>.</li> <li><b><a class="external text" href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word_Macros#Wikipedia_AutoReferencer">Wikipedia AutoReferencer</a></b>, Microsoft word tool to convert embedded links to wikitext</li> <li><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en/firefox/addon/wikipedia-references-creato/">Wikipedia-References-Creator</a></b>: A Firefox addon for creation of references (output changeable).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Odie5533/SnipManager" title="User:Odie5533/SnipManager">SnipManager</a> adds a ribbon interface to add citations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Cacycle/wikEd" title="User:Cacycle/wikEd">wikEd</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">visual editor</a> helps users format, insert, and edit sources by simply providing a DOI, URL, ISBN etc., see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:REFVISUAL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:REFVISUAL">WP:REFVISUAL</a>.</li> <li>The citation generation tool of the Visual Editor (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:REFVISUAL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:REFVISUAL">WP:REFVISUAL</a>) can also be used when editing the article source, for users who have enabled the <a class="external text" href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/2017_wikitext_editor">2017 wikitext editor</a> in their preferences.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Badgettrg" title="User:Badgettrg">User:Badgettrg</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sumsearch.org/cite/">Biomedical citation maker</a>. uses Pubmed ID (PMID) or DOI or PMCID or NCT. Adds links to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://annals.org/aim/journal-club">ACP Journal Club</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebm.bmj.com/">Evidence-Based Medicine</a> comments if present.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ref_info" title="Template:Ref info">Template:Ref info</a>, which can aid evaluating what kind of citation style was used to write the article</li> <li>Based on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Citoid" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library/Citoid">Citoid</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide#Using_standard_cite_templates" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">Cite templates in Visual Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Salix_alba/Citoid" title="User:Salix alba/Citoid">User:Salix alba/Citoid</a> a client for the <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/citoid" class="extiw" title="mw:citoid">mw:citoid</a> server which generates <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> templates from urls.</li></ul></li> <li>Hosted on tools.wmflabs.org: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RefToolbar_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RefToolbar 2.0">Wikipedia:refToolbar 2.0</a>, used in the Source Editor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Citation_bot" title="User:Citation bot">Citation bot</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/yadkard/">Yadkard</a>: A web-based tool for generating <a href="/wiki/Help:Shortened_footnotes" title="Help:Shortened footnotes">shortened footnotes</a> and citation using Google Books URLs, DOI or ISBN. Also supports some news websites.</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/citation-template-filling/cgi-bin/index.cgi?ddb=&type=pubmed_id&id=&add_param_space=1&add_ref_tag=1&full_journal_title=1">Wikipedia template filling</a> – generates <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Vancouver style">Vancouver style</a> citations from PMIDs (<a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> IDs).</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Templates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Templates-Generators"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Templates-Generators"></span>Templates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Templates-Generators"></span></h3></div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://citations.toolforge.org/">Citation Bot</a> (<a href="/wiki/User:Citation_bot" title="User:Citation bot">more info</a>) – Partial citations must either contain a DOI, PMID, PMC, ISBN, <a href="/wiki/S2CID" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID">S2CID</a> or enough fields to be uniquely found; the bot will also fix formatting errors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Rjwilmsi/CiteCompletion" title="User:Rjwilmsi/CiteCompletion">CiteCompletion</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AWB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AWB">AutoWikiBrowser</a> – A custom module for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AWB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AWB">AWB</a> to complete citations of common English-language news sites</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Find_sources" title="Template:Find sources">Find sources</a> – provides links to customized searches for reliable sources in news newspapers books scholar JSTOR free images and the like. Points to a variety of templates for use in talk pages, on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Articles for deletion">AfD</a> page etc., and for a variety of types of articles and situations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:PleaseStand/References_segregator" title="User:PleaseStand/References segregator">References segregator</a> (<a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>) – Shows references in a separate edit window for easy editing; can also convert references to <a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes#List-defined_references" title="Help:Footnotes">list-defined references</a> format</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RefToolbar" title="Wikipedia:RefToolbar">refToolbar</a> (<a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>) – Allows you to format a reference during editing when you already have all the data</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Smith609/Scopus" title="User:Smith609/Scopus">Scopus search add-on</a> – Find a reference on <a href="/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a>, then with one click it's formatted ready for use in an article</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Odie5533/SnipManager" title="User:Odie5533/SnipManager">SnipManager</a> (<a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>) – Adds a Ribbon menu above the edit form with templates (including citations) and the ability to preview citations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:CitationTool" title="User:CitationTool">User:CitationTool</a> – Semi-bot for finding citation errors and fixing them</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bookmarklets" data-mw-thread-id="h-Bookmarklets-Generators"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Bookmarklets-Generators"></span>Bookmarklets<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Bookmarklets-Generators"></span></h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cite4Wiki" title="Wikipedia:Cite4Wiki">Cite4Wiki</a>, an <a href="/wiki/XUL" title="XUL">XUL</a>-based add-on for <a href="/wiki/Pale_Moon" title="Pale Moon">Pale Moon</a> to generate <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> and <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> for the browser's current page.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Bazzargh/citemark" title="User:Bazzargh/citemark">citemark</a> (<a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>) – A <a href="/wiki/Bookmarklet" title="Bookmarklet">bookmarklet</a> to help create <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> templates; see the <a href="/wiki/User:Bazzargh/citemark" title="User:Bazzargh/citemark">developer's page</a> for details</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/User:Ark25/RefScript" title="User:Ark25/RefScript">RefScript</a></b>: A bookmarklet that generates references with a single click. Works with a few news websites (BBC, Daily Mirror, Daily Telegraph, Huffington Post, Huffington Post Canada, New York Times, Washington Post, Boston Globe, Times of India, Financial Times, The Economist, Business Week, Ars Technica, TG Daily) and it can learn any other newspaper or website.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/User:V111P/js/WebRef" title="User:V111P/js/WebRef">WebRef</a></b>: A bookmarklet automating the filling of the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Ark25/RefScript" title="User:Ark25/RefScript">User:Ark25/RefScript</a>, a JavaScript bookmarklet – creates references in one click, works for many newspapers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:V111P/js/WebRef" title="User:V111P/js/WebRef">User:V111P/js/WebRef</a>, a script or bookmarklet automating the filling of the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template. You use the script on the page you want to cite.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Desktop_software" data-mw-thread-id="h-Desktop_software-Generators"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Desktop_software-Generators"></span>Desktop software<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Desktop_software-Generators"></span></h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikicite" title="Wikipedia:Wikicite">Wikicite</a> is a free program that helps editors to create citations for their Wikipedia contributions using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">citation templates</a>. It is written in <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Basic .NET">Visual Basic .NET</a>, making it suitable only for users with the <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a> installed on Windows, or, for other platforms, the <a href="/wiki/Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono</a> alternative framework. Wikicite and its source code is freely available; see the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikicite" title="Wikipedia:Wikicite">developer's page</a> for further details.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference_management_software" data-mw-thread-id="h-Reference_management_software-Generators"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Reference_management_software-Generators"></span>Reference management software<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Reference_management_software-Generators"></span></h3></div> <p>Reference management software can output formatted citations in several styles, including Wikipedia citation templates. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_reference_management_software" title="Comparison of reference management software">Comparison of reference management software</a> – side-by-side comparison of various <a href="/wiki/Reference_management_software" title="Reference management software">reference management software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources_with_Zotero" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources with Zotero">Wikipedia:Citing sources with Zotero</a> – essay on using <a href="/wiki/Zotero" title="Zotero">Zotero</a> to quickly add citations to articles.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Nathanstrait/Wikipedia_BibDesk_Export_Template" title="User:Nathanstrait/Wikipedia BibDesk Export Template">BibDesk Export Template</a> – An export template for formatting <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Wikipedia citation templates</a> in <a href="/wiki/BibDesk" title="BibDesk">BibDesk</a>, which is a free <a href="/wiki/Open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source">open-source</a> <a href="/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX">BibTeX</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Reference_management_software" title="Reference management software">reference management software</a> application for <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_scripts" data-mw-thread-id="h-User_scripts-Generators"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-User_scripts-Generators"></span>User scripts<span data-mw-comment-end="h-User_scripts-Generators"></span></h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/User:TheDJ/Folded_references" title="User:TheDJ/Folded references">Folded references</a> collapses the references of a page</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Blue-Haired_Lawyer/Footnote_popups" title="User:Blue-Haired Lawyer/Footnote popups">Footnote popups</a> Displays a small popup box of a footnote when you hover the cursor above a footnote link</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Ucucha/HarvErrors" title="User:Ucucha/HarvErrors">HarvErrors</a> shows errors when using Harvard templates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Listref" title="Template:Listref">ListrefErrors</a> shows errors when using <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Listref" title="Template:Listref">listref</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:PleaseStand/References_segregator" title="User:PleaseStand/References segregator">PleaseStand/References segregator</a> places references into a separate edit box</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Smith609/endnote.js" title="User:Smith609/endnote.js">Reference exporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Cumbril/Reference_Organizer" class="mw-redirect" title="User:Cumbril/Reference Organizer">Reference Organizer</a> presents all references in graphical user interface, where you can choose whether the references should be defined in the body of article or in the reference list template(s) (<a href="/wiki/Help:List-defined_references" title="Help:List-defined references">list-defined format</a>). You can also sort the references in various ways (and optionally keep the sort order), and rename the references.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Anomie/reftooltip.js" title="User:Anomie/reftooltip.js">RefTooltip</a> sets the tooltip for references to the text of the reference.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Lingzhi2/reviewsourcecheck" title="User:Lingzhi2/reviewsourcecheck">ReviewSourceCheck</a> (different versions for different preferences) flags 16 types of errors in the references and/or notes, when using Harv templates.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Ohconfucius/script/Sources" title="User:Ohconfucius/script/Sources">Sources</a> Formats names of newspapers within citation templates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Anomie/ajaxpreview.js" title="User:Anomie/ajaxpreview.js">User:Anomie/ajaxpreview.js</a> adds a preview button that will show references when editing a section</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:BrandonXLF/Autoref" title="User:BrandonXLF/Autoref">User:BrandonXLF/Autoref</a> replaces the reference button in the editing toolbar in the 2010 wikitext editor with a button that allows the use of Citoid to insert an auto generated reference</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:BrandonXLF/Citoid" title="User:BrandonXLF/Citoid">User:BrandonXLF/Citoid</a> generates a reference using the Citoid server. Designed for being used inside user scripts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Js/ajaxPreview" title="User:Js/ajaxPreview">user:js/ajaxPreview</a> adds a preview button that will show references when editing a section</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Salix_alba/Citoid" title="User:Salix alba/Citoid">User:Salix alba/Citoid</a> Generates citation templates using the Citoid server. Standalone javascript which can be used outside of Visual Editor.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Tools_to_improve_existing_citations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Tools_to_improve_existing_citations"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Tools_to_improve_existing_citations"></span>Tools to improve existing citations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Tools_to_improve_existing_citations"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_expander" title="Wikipedia:Citation expander">Citation expander</a> automatically adds missing data to citations using citation templates, and makes corrections to their formatting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ReFill" title="Wikipedia:ReFill">reFill</a> expands bare url references</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Duplicate_reference_finders" data-mw-thread-id="h-Duplicate_reference_finders"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Duplicate_reference_finders"></span>Duplicate reference finders<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Duplicate_reference_finders"></span></h2></div> <p>Finding duplicate references by examining reference lists is difficult. There are some tools that can help: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a> (AWB) will identify and (usually) correct <i>exact duplicates</i> between <ref>...</ref> tags. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HTADC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:HTADC">the documentation</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.convertcsv.com/url-extractor.htm">URL Extractor For Web Pages and Text</a> can identify Web citations with the <i>exact same URL</i> but otherwise possibly different. Most differences are not significant, but sometimes different page numbers from the same URL are cited. Occasionally references to the same Web page might be followed by different non-significant tracking parameters (<code>?utm ...</code>, <code>#ixzz...</code>), and will not be listed as duplicates. <ul><li>Step 1: click "Enter URL", enter (paste) the URL of the Wikipedia article and click "Load",</li> <li>Step 2: tick "Only Display duplicate URL addresses" (which unticks "Remove duplicate addresses") <ul><li>Optional: Tick the radio button "Do not show", tick the box at the beginning of its line, and enter (paste) into the box <code>web.archive.org,wikipedia,wikimedia,wikiquote,wikidata,worldcat</code></li></ul></li> <li>Step 3: Click Extract.</li> <li>Then the duplicates will be listed, and must be manually merged. There will often be false positives; <code>web.archive.org</code> URLs, in particular, are a nuisance as they contain the original URLs, which show as duplicates. The optional part of Step 2 eliminates the archive URLs, but unfortunately the list of duplicates includes the archived pages. The wiki* URLs are less of a problem as they can just be ignored.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Libraries_for_developers" data-mw-thread-id="h-Libraries_for_developers"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Libraries_for_developers"></span>Libraries for developers<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Libraries_for_developers"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/User:Richiez" title="User:Richiez">User:Richiez</a> wrote <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=&oldid=536234043#Scripts_to_do_automatic_PMID/ISBN_referencing">tools to automatically handle citations</a></span> for a whole article at a time. These were marked as <a href="/wiki/Special:Diff/705834247" title="Special:Diff/705834247">obsolete in 2016</a>. They convert occurrences of {{pmid|XXXXXXXX}} (<a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a>) or {{isbn|XXXXXXXXXX}} to properly formatted footnote or Harvard-style references. Written in <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a> and requires a working installation with basic libraries.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/lindenb/xslt-sandbox/blob/master/stylesheets/bio/ncbi/pubmed2wikipedia.xsl">pubmed2wikipedia.xsl</a> an <a href="/wiki/Extensible_Stylesheet_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensible Stylesheet Language">XSL</a> stylesheet transforming the XML output of <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> to Wikipedia refs.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Documentation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Documentation"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Documentation"></span>Documentation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Documentation"></span></h2></div> <p>These templates can be used in documentation: </p><p><b>Typing aids</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_*" title="Template:Cite *">cite *</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: shortcut for <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation/core" title="Template:Citation/core">Citation/core</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_xxx" class="mw-disambig" title="Template:Cite xxx">cite xxx</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: shortcut for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Wikipedia:Citation templates</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite.php" title="Template:Cite.php">cite.php</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: shortcut for <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Cite" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Cite">mw:Extension:Cite</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cs1" title="Template:Cs1">cs1</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: shortcut for <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Help: Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cs2" title="Template:Cs2">cs2</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: shortcut for <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Help: Citation Style 2</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Fnote" title="Template:Fnote">fnote</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: shortcut for <a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Help:Footnotes</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Ldr" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Ldr">ldr</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: shortcut for <a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes#WP:LDR" title="Help:Footnotes">List-defined references</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Paren" title="Template:Paren">paren</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: shortcut for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Parenthetical_referencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing">Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Sfnote" title="Template:Sfnote">sfnote</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: shortcut for <a href="/wiki/Help:Shortened_footnotes" title="Help:Shortened footnotes">Help:Shortened footnotes</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Vcite" title="Template:Vcite">vcite</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: shortcut for <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_Vancouver" title="Help:Citation Style Vancouver">Help:Citation Style Vancouver</a></li></ul> <p><b>Navboxes</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_Style_1" title="Template:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: navbox for <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> templates</li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing">Wikipedia referencing</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: navbox for referencing help pages</li></ul> <p><b>Debug</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_compare" title="Template:Cite compare">Cite compare</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: a tool for comparing the output of the various versions of a <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> template</li></ul> <p><b>Documentation</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_Style_documentation" title="Template:Citation Style documentation">Citation Style documentation</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: modular documentation for <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Harvard_citation_documentation" title="Template:Harvard citation documentation">Harvard citation documentation</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: documentation for Harvard citations</li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Markup" title="Template:Markup">Markup</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: show markup and rendered output side by side</li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Refname_rules" title="Template:Refname rules">Refname rules</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: rules for names for footnotes and groups</li></ul> <p><b>Replication</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Dummy_backlink" title="Template:Dummy backlink">Dummy backlink</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: replicate footnote backlinks</li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Dummy_ref" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Dummy ref">Dummy ref</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: replicate footnote in-text cite</li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Fake_heading" title="Template:Fake heading">Fake heading</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: replicate headings</li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Fake_notes_and_references" title="Template:Fake notes and references">Fake notes and references</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: replicate Notes and References headings</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_referencing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template talk:Wikipedia referencing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia referencing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_referencing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Wikipedia referencing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies and guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Biographies of living persons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">Medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Scientific_citation_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Scientific citation guidelines">Scientific citations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General advice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">Citation needed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Combining_sources" title="Wikipedia:Combining sources">Combining sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Offline_sources" title="Wikipedia:Offline sources">Offline sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Overview_of_referencing_styles" title="Help:Overview of referencing styles">Referencing styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_Vancouver" title="Help:Citation Style Vancouver">Citation Style Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bluebook_style_citation_templates" title="Category:Bluebook style citation templates">Bluebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Comics_citation_templates" title="Category:Comics citation templates">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation" title="Wikipedia:Inline citation">Inline citations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Punctuation_and_footnotes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Punctuation and footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Shortened_footnotes" title="Help:Shortened footnotes">Shortened footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes" title="Wikipedia:Nesting footnotes">Nesting footnotes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Help for beginners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reftags" title="Help:Reftags">Reference-tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations quick reference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to referencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners_with_citation_templates" title="Help:Referencing for beginners with citation templates">Referencing with citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners_without_using_templates" title="Help:Referencing for beginners without using templates">Referencing without using templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:References_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:References dos and don'ts">Referencing dos and don'ts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Citing Wikipedia">Citing Wikipedia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advanced help</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_link_labels" title="Help:Cite link labels">Cite link labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_merging" title="Help:Citation merging">Citation merging (bundling)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_messages" title="Help:Cite messages">Cite messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Converting_between_references_formats" title="Help:Converting between references formats">Converting between references formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reference_display_customization" title="Help:Reference display customization">Reference display customization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers" title="Help:References and page numbers">References and page numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_on_source_reviewing_at_FAC" title="Wikipedia:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC">Guidance on source reviewing at FAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Footnote_templates" title="Category:Footnote templates">Footnote templates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_Style_documentation" title="Template:Citation Style documentation">Citation Style documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Multiple_references" class="mw-disambig" title="Template:Multiple references">Multiple references</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">Reflist</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Refbegin" title="Template:Refbegin">Refbegin</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Find_sources" title="Help:Find sources">Find references </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FIND" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FIND">How to find sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_bibliographies" title="Wikipedia:List of bibliographies">Bibliographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Wikipedia Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Resource_Exchange/Resource_Request" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request">Resource Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference Desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Book_sources" title="Wikipedia:Book sources">Book Sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources" title="Wikipedia:Free English newspaper sources">Free newspaper sources</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Citation tools</a><br/>(External links)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://citer.toolforge.org/">Citer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sumsearch.org/cite/">Biomedical cite</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/citations/">Citation bot</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/makeref/">MakeRef</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://refill.toolforge.org/ng/">Refill</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/">WayBack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template talk:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Directory#Technical_help" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia technical help</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div><b>Get personal technical help at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">the Teahouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">help desk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">village pump (technical)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_talk_pages/1" title="Help:Introduction to talk pages/1">talk pages</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a>.</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical">General<br/>technical help</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Browser_notes" title="Wikipedia:Browser notes">Browser notes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bypass_your_cache" title="Wikipedia:Bypass your cache">Bypass cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Keyboard_shortcuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts">Keyboard shortcuts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:CharInsert" title="Help:CharInsert">CharInsert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">Edit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">Edit toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_a_page" title="Wikipedia:How to create a page">How to create a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">Tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support" title="Help:Multilingual support">Multilingual support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Page history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_information" title="Help:Page information">Page information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Printing" title="Help:Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Software_notices" title="Wikipedia:Software notices">Software notices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editnotice" title="Wikipedia:Editnotice">Editnotice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Special Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Entering_special_characters" title="Help:Entering special characters">Entering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">User access levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:VisualEditor" title="Help:VisualEditor">Help</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special<br/>page</a>-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special page help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:AllPages" title="Help:AllPages">AllPages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_filter" title="Wikipedia:Edit filter">Edit filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">Emailing users</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Reset passwords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Log" title="Help:Log">Logs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Moving a page</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_merging" title="Wikipedia:History merging">History merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:When_to_place_technical_requests_in_%22Administrator_needed%22" title="Help:When to place technical requests in "Administrator needed"">Non-admin and admin-only page moves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications" title="Help:Notifications">Notifications/Echo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications/FAQ" title="Help:Notifications/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation/Help" title="Wikipedia:Page Curation/Help">Page Curation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Import" title="Help:Import">Page import</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">Pending changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Random" title="Wikipedia:Random">Random pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Recent changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Related changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Linksearch" title="Help:Linksearch">Linksearch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tags" title="Wikipedia:Tags">Tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Watchlist" title="Help:Watchlist">Watchlist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Line-break_handling" title="Help:Line-break handling">Line-break handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words_for_beginners" title="Help:Magic words for beginners">For beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_expressions" title="Help:Conditional expressions">Conditional expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Switch_parser_function" title="Help:Switch parser function">Switch parser function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Time_function" title="Help:Time function">Time function</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections and TOCs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_tables_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to tables with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Basic_table_markup" title="Help:Basic table markup">Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Advanced_table_formatting" title="Help:Advanced table formatting">Advanced table formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Collapsing" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Collapsing">Collapsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_tables" title="Help:Conditional tables">Conditional tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sortable_tables" title="Help:Sortable tables">Sortable tables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Using_colours" title="Help:Using colours">Using colours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">diffs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">Permanent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide">Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Media">Media</a> files: images,<br/>videos and sounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Media help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files" title="Help:Creation and usage of media files">Creation and usage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_images_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to images with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Preparing_images_for_upload" title="Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload">Preparing images for upload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image" title="Help:Options to hide an image">Options to hide an image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SVG_help" title="Wikipedia:SVG help">SVG help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag" title="Help:Gallery tag">Gallery tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_bitmap_image_editing" title="Wikipedia:Basic bitmap image editing">Basic bitmap image editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_improve_image_quality" title="Wikipedia:How to improve image quality">How to improve image quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources">Graphics Lab resources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound file markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual file markup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Family_trees" title="Help:Family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphs_and_charts" title="Wikipedia:Graphs and charts">Graphs and charts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles" title="Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles">How to create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:To_scale_charts" title="Wikipedia:To scale charts">To scale charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math formulas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Use_of_HTML_templates" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Score" title="Help:Score">Musical scores</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Musical symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Timeline" title="Wikipedia:Timeline">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline syntax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">WikiHiero syntax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Templates</a> and<br/><a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_template_coding" title="Wikipedia:Advanced template coding">Advanced template coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Template index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template_limits" title="Help:Template limits">Template limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">Template sandbox and test cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Lua" title="Help:Lua">Lua help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Lua project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Lua/Resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/To_do" title="Wikipedia:Lua/To do">To do</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Purge" title="Help:Purge">Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Job_queue" title="Help:Job queue">Job queue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">Transclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Labeled section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion_costs_and_benefits" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits">Costs and benefits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling" title="Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling">Guide to Scribbling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration#Data_structure_and_development" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Data structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">Main/Article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">File</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:File_description_page" title="Help:File description page">File description page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project/Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archiving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">Simple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page_design_guide" title="Wikipedia:User page design guide">User page design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bug_reports_and_feature_requests" title="Wikipedia:Bug reports and feature requests">Bug reports and feature requests</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedMediaHandler extension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Help:Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Catalogue_of_CSS_classes" title="Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes">Catalogue of CSS classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Common.js_and_common.css" title="Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css">Common.js and common.css</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mxt/User_CSS_for_a_monospaced_coding_font" title="Template:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font">User CSS for monospaced coding font</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Microformats/classes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes">Classes in microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Markup_validation" title="Help:Markup validation">Markup validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Span_tags" title="Wikipedia:Span tags">Span tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Useful_styles" title="Help:Useful styles">Useful styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customisation" title="Wikipedia:Customisation">Customisation</a><br/>and tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Skin" title="Wikipedia:Skin">Skins</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Citation tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleaning_up_vandalism/Tools" title="Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism/Tools">Cleaning up vandalism tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customizing_watchlists" title="Wikipedia:Customizing watchlists">Customizing watchlists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Hide_Pages_in_Watchlist" title="Help:Hide Pages in Watchlist">Hide pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Scripts" title="Wikipedia:Scripts">IRC Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts" title="Wikipedia:User scripts">User scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Guide" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Guide">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/List" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Techniques" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Techniques">Techniques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">User style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative_browsing" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative browsing">Alternative browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Browser_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Browser tools">Browser tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools">Editing tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation shortcuts">Navigation shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum_tool_set" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum tool set">Optimum tool set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">Wikimedia Cloud Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Beta_Features" class="extiw" title="mw:Beta Features">Beta Features at MediaWiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Automated editing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Helper_script" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Helper script">AfC helper script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AntiVandal" title="Wikipedia:AntiVandal">AntiVandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creating_a_bot" title="Help:Creating a bot">Creating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_of_Wikipedia_bots" title="Wikipedia:History of Wikipedia bots">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HotCat" title="Wikipedia:HotCat">HotCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Huggle" title="Wikipedia:Huggle">Huggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups">Navigation popups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RedWarn" title="Wikipedia:RedWarn">RedWarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Twinkle" title="Wikipedia:Twinkle">Twinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ultraviolet" title="Wikipedia:Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WPCleaner" title="Wikipedia:WPCleaner">WPCleaner</a></li> <li>Inactive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Igloo" title="Wikipedia:Igloo">igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STiki" title="Wikipedia:STiki">STiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>See also: <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">Category:Wikipedia how-to</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category:Wikipedia information pages</a></b><br/>Further navigation at: <a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages">Help pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrators%27_guide" title="Template:Administrators' guide">Administrators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Accessibility/Navigation_menu" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_accounts" title="Template:Wikipedia accounts">Accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Botnav" title="Template:Botnav">Bots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing">Referencing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_metadata_navbox" title="Template:Citation metadata navbox">Citation metadata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_templates" title="Template:Wikipedia templates">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Navbox" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Navbox">User scripts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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