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id="toc-List_of_Serbian_nationalist_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Serbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republika_Srpska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republika_Srpska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Republika Srpska</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republika_Srpska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قومية صربية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قومية صربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Сръбски национализъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сръбски национализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srbsk%C3%BD_nacionalismus" title="Srbský nacionalismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Srbský nacionalismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalismo_serbio" title="Nacionalismo serbio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nacionalismo serbio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalisme_serbe" title="Nationalisme serbe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nationalisme serbe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalismo_serbio" title="Nacionalismo serbio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nacionalismo serbio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasionalisme_Serbia" title="Nasionalisme Serbia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nasionalisme Serbia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szerb_nacionalizmus" title="Szerb nacionalizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szerb nacionalizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacjonalizm_serbski" title="Nacjonalizm serbski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nacjonalizm serbski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalismo_s%C3%A9rvio" title="Nacionalismo sérvio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nacionalismo sérvio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C8%9Bionalism_s%C3%A2rb" title="Naționalism sârb – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Naționalism sârb" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Сербский национализм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сербский национализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalizmi_serb" title="Nacionalizmi serb – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nacionalizmi serb" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Српски национализам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Српски национализам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srpski_nacionalizam" title="Srpski nacionalizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Srpski nacionalizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1rp_milliyet%C3%A7ili%C4%9Fi" title="Sırp milliyetçiliği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sırp milliyetçiliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Сербський націоналізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сербський націоналізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> 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height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Assertion that Serbs are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Serbs</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_of_Saint_Sava_(Belgrade,_Serbia).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Church_of_Saint_Sava_%28Belgrade%2C_Serbia%29.jpg/220px-Church_of_Saint_Sava_%28Belgrade%2C_Serbia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Church_of_Saint_Sava_%28Belgrade%2C_Serbia%29.jpg/330px-Church_of_Saint_Sava_%28Belgrade%2C_Serbia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Church_of_Saint_Sava_%28Belgrade%2C_Serbia%29.jpg/440px-Church_of_Saint_Sava_%28Belgrade%2C_Serbia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Monument to <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e" title="Karađorđe">Karađorđe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Sava" title="Church of Saint Sava">Church of Saint Sava</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Serbian nationalism</b> asserts that <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a> are a <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a> and promotes the cultural and political unity of Serbs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">ethnic nationalism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> originally arising in the context of the general <a href="/wiki/Rise_of_nationalism_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire">rise of nationalism in the Balkans</a> under <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ottoman_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ottoman Serbia">Ottoman rule</a>, under the influence of Serbian linguist <a href="/wiki/Vuk_Stefanovi%C4%87_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuk Stefanović Karadžić">Vuk Stefanović Karadžić</a> and Serbian statesman <a href="/wiki/Ilija_Gara%C5%A1anin" title="Ilija Garašanin">Ilija Garašanin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbian nationalism was an important factor during the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> which contributed to the decline of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, during and after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> when it contributed to the dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a>, and again during the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">breakup of Yugoslavia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a> of the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470–472_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470–472-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1878, Serbian nationalists merged their goals with those of <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavists</a>, and emulated the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Piedmont</a>'s leading role in the <i><a href="/wiki/Risorgimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Risorgimento">Risorgimento</a></i> of Italy, by claiming that <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> sought not only to unite all Serbs in one state, but that Serbia intended to be a <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavic</a> Piedmont that would unite all South Slavs in one state known as <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbian nationalists supported a centralized Yugoslav state that guaranteed the unity of the Serbs while resisting efforts to decentralize the state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Vidovdan_Constitution" title="Vidovdan Constitution">Vidovdan Constitution</a> adopted by Yugoslavia in 1921 consolidated the country as a centralized state under the Serbian <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evi%C4%87_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Karađorđević dynasty">Karađorđević</a> monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationalism" title="Croatian nationalism">Croatian nationalists</a> opposed the centralized state and demanded decentralization and an autonomous Croatia within Yugoslavia, which was accepted by the Yugoslav government in the <a href="/wiki/Cvetkovi%C4%87%E2%80%93Ma%C4%8Dek_Agreement" title="Cvetković–Maček Agreement">Cvetković–Maček Agreement</a> of 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001105_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001105-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbian nationalists opposed the agreement on the grounds that it weakened the unity of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Serbdom" class="extiw" title="wikt:Serbdom">Serbdom</a>, asserting its importance to Yugoslavia with the slogan "Strong Serbdom, Strong Yugoslavia".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The invasion and partition of Yugoslavia in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> resulted in violent <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">ethnic conflict</a> between nationalist Serbs, <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a>, and others, resulting in a highly violent <a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">sectarian</a> variant of Serbian nationalism rising in the <a href="/wiki/Chetnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Chetnik">Chetnik</a> movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The decentralization of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> in the 1960s and the suppression of all ethnic nationalist sentiments led to a Serbian nationalist backlash and resurgence in the 1980s, that condemned post-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> Yugoslavism and the decentralization of Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon Yugoslavia collapsing in the 1990s with multiple republics seeking secession, Serbian nationalists demanded that all Serbs in all the Yugoslav republics had the right to be united in a common state, ethnic conflict occurred between Serbs seeking unity with Serbia and other Yugoslav <a href="/wiki/Ethnicities" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnicities">ethnicities</a> seeking independence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001472_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001472-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbian_Revolution">Serbian Revolution</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revolution" title="Serbian Revolution">Serbian Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rise_of_nationalism_in_the_Balkans" class="mw-redirect" title="Rise of nationalism in the Balkans">Rise of nationalism in the Balkans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Myth" title="Kosovo Myth">Kosovo Myth</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbs" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Serbs">History of Serbs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_historiography" title="Serbian historiography">Serbian historiography</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:331px;max-width:331px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:170px;max-width:170px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vuk_Karadzic_Kriehuber_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Vuk_Karadzic_Kriehuber_cropped.jpg/168px-Vuk_Karadzic_Kriehuber_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Vuk_Karadzic_Kriehuber_cropped.jpg/252px-Vuk_Karadzic_Kriehuber_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Vuk_Karadzic_Kriehuber_cropped.jpg/336px-Vuk_Karadzic_Kriehuber_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="942" data-file-height="1022" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Vuk_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Vuk Karadžić">Vuk Karadžić</a>, Serbian linguist.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:157px;max-width:157px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilija_Gara%C5%A1anin_table_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Ilija_Gara%C5%A1anin_table_crop.jpg/155px-Ilija_Gara%C5%A1anin_table_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Ilija_Gara%C5%A1anin_table_crop.jpg/233px-Ilija_Gara%C5%A1anin_table_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Ilija_Gara%C5%A1anin_table_crop.jpg/310px-Ilija_Gara%C5%A1anin_table_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="1136" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Ilija_Gara%C5%A1anin" title="Ilija Garašanin">Ilija Garašanin</a>, Serbian statesman.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The origins of Serbian nationalism date back to the 19th century, beginning with the 1804 <a href="/wiki/Serbian_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian revolution">uprisings</a> by Serbs against Ottoman rule that eventually led to the creation of an independent Serbian state in 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470–472_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470–472-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Serbian nationalists themselves cite the origins of the movement as being the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Battle of Kosovo</a> on the Serbian national and religious holiday <a href="/wiki/Vidovdan" title="Vidovdan">Vidovdan</a> in 1389 between Serbia and the Ottoman Empire, the battle that holds important symbolic meaning to Serbian nationalists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Serbian linguist <a href="/wiki/Vuk_Stefanovi%C4%87_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuk Stefanović Karadžić">Vuk Stefanović Karadžić</a> is considered by some authors to be the father of Serbian nationalism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karadžić created a linguistic definition of the Serbs that included all speakers of the <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tokavian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Štokavian dialect">Štokavian dialect</a> regardless of their religious affiliation or geographical origin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Karadžić acknowledged the right of some Štokavian-speaking peoples to call themselves names other than Serbs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German historian Michael Weithmann considers Karadžić's theory that all southern Slavs are Serbs as a "dangerous political and ideological idea in scientific shape" while Czech historian Jan Rychlik considers Karadžić to have been a "propagator of greater Serbian ideology".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelichárek201559_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelichárek201559-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ilija_Gara%C5%A1anin" title="Ilija Garašanin">Ilija Garašanin</a> was another early proponent of Serbian nationalism and a proponent of a <a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a> - a Serbian state whose borders were extended to include all Serbs in the Balkan region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Kosovo,_Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87,_1870.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Battle_of_Kosovo%2C_Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87%2C_1870.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Kosovo%2C_Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87%2C_1870.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Battle_of_Kosovo%2C_Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87%2C_1870.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Kosovo%2C_Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87%2C_1870.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Battle_of_Kosovo%2C_Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87%2C_1870.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Kosovo%2C_Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87%2C_1870.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><i>Battle of Kosovo</i> (1870), painting by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87" title="Adam Stefanović">Adam Stefanović</a>, a depiction of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Battle of Kosovo</a> of 1389</figcaption></figure> <p>After Serbia was recognized as an independent state in 1878, both <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavs</a> and the Serbian government considered their peoples in <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a>-ruled <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> to be under occupation, resulting in increasing antagonism between Serbia and Austria-Hungary from the late 19th century to the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I">World War I</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Campaign_of_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Campaign of World War I">Serbian Campaign of World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Young_Bosnia" title="Young Bosnia">Young Bosnia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unification_or_Death" class="mw-redirect" title="Unification or Death">Unification or Death</a></div> <p>In 1914 Austrian <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Franz Ferdinand</a> was assassinated by <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Serb" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian Serb">Bosnian Serb</a> revolutionary <a href="/wiki/Gavrilo_Princip" title="Gavrilo Princip">Gavrilo Princip</a>, resulting in Austria-Hungary accusing Serbia of involvement and subsequently declaring war on Serbia, resulting in a clash of alliances and the eruption of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spite of heavy casualties, Serbia benefited from Allies' victory against Germany and Austria-Hungary, with Serbia subsequently joining with territories claimed by <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslav nationalists</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes</a>, informally known as <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, in 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbian nationalists associated with a <a href="/wiki/Centralization" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralization">centralist</a> vision of Yugoslavia as opposed to a confederal or federal state as advocated by non-Serbs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The antagonism between a centralized Yugoslavia supported by Serbian nationalists and a decentralized Yugoslavia supported by <a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationalism" title="Croatian nationalism">Croatian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationalism" title="Slovenian nationalism">Slovenian nationalists</a> was the main cause of unstable governance in Yugoslavia during the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Creation of Yugoslavia">Creation of Yugoslavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II in Yugoslavia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a></div> <p>In 1920, the centralized vision of Yugoslavia as supported by Serbian nationalists was enacted in the Constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes passed on Serbian national and religious holiday <a href="/wiki/Vidovdan" title="Vidovdan">Vidovdan</a> that became known as the "<a href="/wiki/Vidovdan_Constitution" title="Vidovdan Constitution">Vidovdan Constitution</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: <span lang="sr">Видовдански устав</span>, <span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr">Vidovdanski ustav</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Antagonism which rose between Serbian nationalists versus Croatian and Slovenian nationalists culminated in the 1928 <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Stjepan_Radi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Stjepan Radić">assassination of Stjepan Radić</a> on the floor of the Yugoslav parliament and the subsequent deterioration of parliamentary democracy in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Yugoslavia" title="Alexander I of Yugoslavia">King Alexander</a> discarded the Vidovdan Constitution, proclaimed a royal dictatorship, and officially renamed the country Kingdom of Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King Alexander pursued a policy of encouraging modern Yugoslav nationalism which caused dissatisfaction amongst Serbian nationalists who saw Yugoslav nationalism as a disavowal of Serbian nationalism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbian nationalists were outraged at the <a href="/wiki/Cvetkovi%C4%87%E2%80%93Ma%C4%8Dek_Agreement" title="Cvetković–Maček Agreement">Cvetković–Maček Agreement</a> between Serb and Croat political leaders that created the <a href="/wiki/Banovina_of_Croatia" title="Banovina of Croatia">Banovina of Croatia</a>, an autonomous province within the kingdom which gave Croatia virtual autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, Serbian nationalists founded the <a href="/wiki/Serb_Cultural_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Serb Cultural Club">Serb Cultural Club</a> which attacked the new Yugoslav nationalism under the motto of "Strong Serbdom, Strong Yugoslavia".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Draza_Mihailovic,1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Draza_Mihailovic%2C1943.jpg/220px-Draza_Mihailovic%2C1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Draza_Mihailovic%2C1943.jpg/330px-Draza_Mihailovic%2C1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Draza_Mihailovic%2C1943.jpg/440px-Draza_Mihailovic%2C1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2079" data-file-height="2905" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dra%C5%BEa_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Draža Mihailović">Draža Mihailović</a>, Yugoslav Serb general</figcaption></figure> <p>Yugoslavia was invaded and occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Axis_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis Powers">Axis Powers</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> establishing puppet states throughout occupied Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbian nationalism rose in a militant response by the <a href="/wiki/Chetnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Chetnik">Chetnik</a> forces of <a href="/wiki/Dra%C5%BEa_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Draža Mihailović">Draža Mihailović</a> against both the Axis forces and the communist <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The war saw the rise of an extreme anti-Muslim variant of Serbian nationalism practised by the Chetniks who massacred <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosnian Muslims</a> during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the aftermath of World War II and the seizure of power by the Yugoslav Partisans, <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">communist Yugoslavia</a> was established. The new regime repressed nationalism of any culture that was deemed to be a threat to the state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbian nationalism then developed during the 1960s by intellectuals such as <a href="/wiki/Dobrica_%C4%86osi%C4%87" title="Dobrica Ćosić">Dobrica Ćosić</a> and challenged the state-sponsored policies of <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_Unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Brotherhood and Unity">Brotherhood and Unity</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tito's later expulsion of the nationalist-leaning Serbian communist official <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Rankovi%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Ranković">Aleksandar Ranković</a> in the 1960s was perceived as an attack on Serbian nationalism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the ousting of Ranković, Serbian nationalist intellectuals increasingly began viewing Yugoslavia as a detrimental experience for the Serb nation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Serbian nationalism escalated following the death of Tito in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-Ramet,_Sabrina_P._2006._Pp._322_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramet,_Sabrina_P._2006._Pp._322-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbian intellectuals began breaking a number of taboos—for example, <a href="/wiki/Branko_Petranovi%C4%87" title="Branko Petranović">Branko Petranović</a> identified Mihailović, the <a href="/wiki/Chetnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Chetnik">Chetnik</a> rival of Tito during World War II as being an important "<a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">anti-fascist</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Ramet,_Sabrina_P._2006._Pp._322_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramet,_Sabrina_P._2006._Pp._322-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dobrica Ćosić joined other Serb political writers in writing the highly controversial <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_the_Serbian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts</a> of 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWachtel200686_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWachtel200686-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Memorandum claimed to promote solutions to restore Yugoslav unity, but it focused on fiercely condemning Titoist Yugoslavia of having economically subjugated Serbia to Croatia and Slovenia and accused ethnic Albanians of committing <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> against Serbs in Kosovo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWachtel200685–87_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWachtel200685–87-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Memorandum was harshly condemned by the ruling <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a> as well as the government of Serbia led by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Stamboli%C4%87" title="Ivan Stambolić">Ivan Stambolić</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006321_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006321-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members who would later support Serbian nationalism chose follow the party line and denounced the Memorandum as well. <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a>, at the time a Serbian communist official, did not speak publicly about the issue, but in a meeting with members of the secret police he formally endorsed the official government denouncement of the Memorandum, stating: </p> <blockquote> <p>The appearance of the Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences represents nothing else but the darkest nationalism. It means the liquidation of the current socialist system of our country, that is the disintegration after which there is no survival for any nation or nationality. ... Tito's policy of <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">brotherhood and unity</a> ... is the only basis on which Yugoslavia’s survival can be secured.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006321_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006321-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breakup_of_Yugoslavia_and_Yugoslav_Wars">Breakup of Yugoslavia and Yugoslav Wars</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a></div> <p>However, amidst the rising nationalist sentiment in Serbia in 1987, Milošević became their major spokesperson in the communist establishment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006337_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006337-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Milošević supported the premises of the Memorandum that included promoting centralization of power in the federal Yugoslav government to decrease the powers of the republics and autonomous provinces and a nationalist motto of "strong Serbia, strong Yugoslavia".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006337_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006337-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Bureaucratic_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bureaucratic Revolution">Anti-Bureaucratic Revolution</a>, Milošević urged Serbians and Montenegrins to "take to the streets" and utilized the slogan "Strong Serbia, Strong Yugoslavia" that drew support from Serbs but alienated Bosnian Muslims, Croats, Kosovo Albanians, Macedonians, and Slovenes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006119_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006119-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To these groups, Milošević's agenda reminded them of the Serb hegemonic political affairs of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> and Ranković's policies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006119_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006119-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Milošević and his supporters appealed to nationalist and populist passion by speaking of Serbia's importance to the world and using aggressive and violent political rhetoric, in a Belgrade speech on 19 November 1988, he spoke of Serbia as facing battles against both internal and external enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006119_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006119-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Vojvodina, pro-Milošević demonstrators that included 500 Kosovo Serbs and local Serbs demonstrated at the provincial capital, accusing the leadership in Vojvodina of supporting separatism and for being "traitors".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006350_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006350-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1988, meetings by supporters of the Anti-Bureaucratic Revolution were held in many locations in Serbia and Montenegro, with increasingly violent nature, with calls being heard such as "Give us arms!", "We want weapons!", "Long live Serbia—death to Albanians!", and "Montenegro is Serbia!".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006351_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006351-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same month, Milošević began efforts designed to destabilize the governments in Montenegro and Bosnia-Herzegovina to allow him to install his followers in those republics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006351_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006351-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1989, Milošević and his supporters controlled Central Serbia along with the autonomous provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina, supporters in the leadership of Montenegro, and agents of the Serbian security service were pursuing efforts to destabilize the government in Bosnia & Herzegovina.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006354_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006354-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1989, Serbian media began to speak of "the alleged imperilment of the Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina", as tensions between Serbs and Bosnian Muslims and Croats increased over Serbs' support for Milošević.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006355_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006355-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efforts to spread the cult of personality of Milošević into the republic of Macedonia began in 1989 with slogans, graffiti, and songs glorifying Milošević spreading in the republic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006355_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006355-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, Milošević proposed a law to restore land titles held by Serbs in the interwar period that effectively provided a legal basis for large numbers of Serbs to move to Kosovo and Macedonia to regain those lands while displacing the Albanian residents there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006355_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006355-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 1989, Milošević had given support to Croatian Serbs who were vouching for the creation of an autonomous province for Croatia's Serbs that was opposed by Croatia's communist authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006361_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006361-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1980s Milošević allowed the mobilization of Serb nationalist organizations to go unhindered by actions from the Serbian government, with Chetniks holding demonstrations, and the Serbian government embraced the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a> and restored its legitimacy in Serbia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006349_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006349-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Milošević and the Serbian government supported a tricameral legislature, that would include a Chamber of Citizens to represent the population of Yugoslavia, a system that would give Serbs a majority; a Chamber of Provinces and Republics to represent regional affairs; and a Chamber of Associated Labour.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006338_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006338-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbia's specific endorsement of a Chamber of Citizens and a Chamber of Associated Labour faced opposition from the republics of Croatia and Slovenia as they saw the proposals as increasing Serbia's power and federal state control over the economy, which was the opposite of their intention to decrease federal state control over the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006338_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006338-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slovenia staunchly opposed the Milošević government's plans and promoted its own reforms that would make Yugoslavia a decentralized <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006339_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006339-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Croatia and Slovenia denounced the actions by Milošević and began to demand that Yugoslavia be made a full multi-party confederal state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006355_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006355-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Milošević claimed that he opposed a confederal system but also declared that should a confederal system be created, the external borders of Serbia would be an "open question", insinuating that his government would pursue creating an enlarged Serbian federal republic if Yugoslavia was decentralized.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006359_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006359-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1989, the autonomy of <a href="/wiki/SAP_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="SAP Kosovo">SAP Kosovo</a> and <a href="/wiki/SAP_Vojvodina" class="mw-redirect" title="SAP Vojvodina">SAP Vojvodina</a> were <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> abolished by constitutional reforms that transferred powers away from the provinces to the Serbian government. </p><p>Milošević rejected the independence of Croatia in 1991, and even after the formation of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), it too did not initially recognize Croatia's independence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESriramMartin-OrtegaHerman201070_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESriramMartin-OrtegaHerman201070-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plans by Milošević to carve out territory from Croatia to the local Serbs had begun by June 1990, according to the diary of Serbian official <a href="/wiki/Borisav_Jovi%C4%87" title="Borisav Jović">Borisav Jović</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeBor2004140_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeBor2004140-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Serbian government along with a clique of pro-Milošević members of the Yugoslav army and its general staff, secretly adopted the RAM or "frame" plan that involved the partition of Croatia and Bosnia to give large amounts of territory to the local Serbs that would remain united with Serbia, effectively a Greater Serbia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeBor2004140–143_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeBor2004140–143-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Armaments and military equipment were placed in strategic positions throughout Croatia and Bosnia for use by the Serbs, and local Serbs were trained as police and paramilitary soldiers in preparation for war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeBor2004140_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeBor2004140-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Interviews with government officials involved in political affairs between Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia have revealed that Milošević planned to arrest the Republic of Macedonia's political leadership and replace it with politicians loyal to Serbia, when the Republic of Macedonia was still part of Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckermann200072_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckermann200072-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Macedonia">Republic of Macedonia</a> seceding in 1991, the Serbian government declared that Macedonia was an "artificial nation" and Serbia allied with Greece against the Republic of Macedonia, even suggesting a partition of the Republic of Macedonia between Serbia and Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckermann200072_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckermann200072-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Milošević demanded the self-determination of Serbs in the Republic of Macedonia and did not recognize the independence of the Republic of Macedonia until 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckermann200072_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckermann200072-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Serbian nationalists claim that in Communist historiography, Serbs were transformed into oppressors, the <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a> of World War II branded as collaborationist as the <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a>, and the massacres of Serbs were downplayed.<sup id="cite_ref-Pavkovic2016_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pavkovic2016-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Serbian_nationalist_parties">List of Serbian nationalist parties</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Serbia" title="Far-right politics in Serbia">Far-right politics in Serbia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbia">Serbia</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_People%27s_Party_(2014)" title="Serbian People's Party (2014)">Serbian People's Party</a> (2014–) (parliamentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Serbia" title="New Democratic Party of Serbia">New Democratic Party of Serbia</a> (1992–) (parliamentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Restoration_of_the_Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Movement for the Restoration of the Kingdom of Serbia">Movement for the Restoration of the Kingdom of Serbia</a> (2017–) (parliamentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Radical_Party" title="Serbian Radical Party">Serbian Radical Party</a> (1991–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dveri" title="Dveri">Dveri</a> (1999–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Party_Oathkeepers" title="Serbian Party Oathkeepers">Serbian Party Oathkeepers</a> (2012–present)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Serbia" title="United Serbia">United Serbia</a> (2004–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obraz_(organization)" title="Obraz (organization)">Obraz</a> (1993–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Action" title="Serbian Action">Serbian Action</a> (2010–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_Movement" title="Leviathan Movement">Leviathan Movement</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Right" title="Serbian Right">Serbian Right</a> (2018–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Serbian_Unity" title="Party of Serbian Unity">Party of Serbian Unity</a> (1993–2007) (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Patriotic_Alliance" title="Serbian Patriotic Alliance">Serbian Patriotic Alliance</a> (2018–2021) (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/There%27s_no_Going_Back_%E2%80%93_Serbia_Is_Behind" title="There's no Going Back – Serbia Is Behind">There's no Going Back – Serbia Is Behind</a> (2022–2023) (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Serbia" title="Better Serbia">Better Serbia</a> (2017–2023) (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1389_Movement" title="1389 Movement">1389 Movement</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalni_stroj" title="Nacionalni stroj">Nacionalni stroj</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar_Lazar_Guard" title="Tsar Lazar Guard">Tsar Lazar Guard</a> (defunct)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republika_Srpska">Republika Srpska</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serb_Democratic_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Serb Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">Serb Democratic Party</a> (1990–) (<a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Republika_Srpska)" title="National Assembly (Republika Srpska)">parliamentary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Independent_Social_Democrats" title="Alliance of Independent Social Democrats">Alliance of Independent Social Democrats</a> (1996–) (<a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Republika_Srpska)" title="National Assembly (Republika Srpska)">parliamentary</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbianisation" title="Serbianisation">Serbianisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbophilia" title="Serbophilia">Serbophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbomans" title="Serbomans">Serbomans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_nationalism_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire">Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Albanian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian nationalism">Bosnian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian nationalism">Bulgarian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationalism" title="Croatian nationalism">Croatian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationalism" title="Hungarian nationalism">Hungarian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_nationalism" title="Macedonian nationalism">Macedonian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_nationalism" title="Montenegrin nationalism">Montenegrin nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazimestan_speech" title="Gazimestan speech">Gazimestan speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_je_Srbija" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo je Srbija">Kosovo je Srbija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Serbia" title="National symbols of Serbia">National symbols of Serbia</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMotyl2001">Motyl 2001</a>, pp. 470.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470–472-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470–472_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001470–472_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMotyl2001">Motyl 2001</a>, pp. 470–472.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001471_3-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMotyl2001">Motyl 2001</a>, pp. 471.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001105-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001105_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMotyl2001">Motyl 2001</a>, pp. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001472-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotyl2001472_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMotyl2001">Motyl 2001</a>, pp. 472.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelichárek201559-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelichárek201559_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMelichárek2015">Melichárek 2015</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramet,_Sabrina_P._2006._Pp._322-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ramet,_Sabrina_P._2006._Pp._322_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ramet,_Sabrina_P._2006._Pp._322_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramet 2006, 322.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWachtel200686-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWachtel200686_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWachtel2006">Wachtel 2006</a>, pp. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWachtel200685–87-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWachtel200685–87_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWachtel2006">Wachtel 2006</a>, pp. 85–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006321-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006321_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006321_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 321.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006337-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006337_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006337_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 337.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006119-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006119_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006119_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006119_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006350-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006350_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 350.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006351-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006351_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006351_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 351.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006354-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006354_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 354.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006355-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006355_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006355_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006355_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006355_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 355.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006361-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006361_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 361.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006349-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006349_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 349.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006338-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006338_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006338_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 338.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006339-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006339_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006359-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006359_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 359.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESriramMartin-OrtegaHerman201070-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESriramMartin-OrtegaHerman201070_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSriramMartin-OrtegaHerman2010">Sriram, Martin-Ortega & Herman 2010</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeBor2004140-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeBor2004140_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeBor2004140_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeBor2004">LeBor 2004</a>, pp. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeBor2004140–143-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeBor2004140–143_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeBor2004">LeBor 2004</a>, pp. 140–143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckermann200072-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckermann200072_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckermann200072_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckermann200072_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAckermann2000">Ackermann 2000</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pavkovic2016-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pavkovic2016_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFA._Pavkovic2016" class="citation book cs1">A. Pavkovic (8 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u3paCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA88"><i>The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia: Nationalism and War in the Balkans</i></a>. Springer. pp. 88–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-28584-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-28584-2"><bdi>978-0-230-28584-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fragmentation+of+Yugoslavia%3A+Nationalism+and+War+in+the+Balkans&rft.pages=88-&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016-01-08&rft.isbn=978-0-230-28584-2&rft.au=A.+Pavkovic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du3paCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zavetnici.rs/o-osnivanju/">"О оснивању"</a>. <i>Српска странка Заветници</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9E+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D1%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzavetnici.rs%2Fo-osnivanju%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balkaninsight.com/2013/05/20/srpska-desnica-sanja-o-obnovi-nacionalizma/?lang=sr">"Srpska desnica sanja ujedinjenje"</a>. <i>Balkan Insight</i> (in Serbian). 20 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Balkan+Insight&rft.atitle=Srpska+desnica+sanja+ujedinjenje&rft.date=2013-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbalkaninsight.com%2F2013%2F05%2F20%2Fsrpska-desnica-sanja-o-obnovi-nacionalizma%2F%3Flang%3Dsr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAckermann2000" class="citation book cs1">Ackermann, Alice (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingpeacepreva00acke"><i>Making Peace Prevail: Preventing Violent Conflict in Macedonia</i></a></span> (1st ed.). Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-0602-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-0602-4"><bdi>978-0-8156-0602-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Peace+Prevail%3A+Preventing+Violent+Conflict+in+Macedonia&rft.place=Syracuse%2C+New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-0602-4&rft.aulast=Ackermann&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakingpeacepreva00acke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeBor2004" class="citation book cs1">LeBor, Adam (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/milosevicbiograp0000lebo"><i>Milosevic: A Biography</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10317-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10317-5"><bdi>978-0-300-10317-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Milosevic%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-300-10317-5&rft.aulast=LeBor&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmilosevicbiograp0000lebo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelichárek2015" class="citation journal cs1">Melichárek, Maroš (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/33285519">"The role of Vuk. S. Karadžić in the history of Serbian nationalism (in the context of European linguistics in the context of European linguistics in the first half of the 19th century"</a>. <i>Serbian Studies Research</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 55–74.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Serbian+Studies+Research&rft.atitle=The+role+of+Vuk.+S.+Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87+in+the+history+of+Serbian+nationalism+%28in+the+context+of+European+linguistics+in+the+context+of+European+linguistics+in+the+first+half+of+the+19th+century&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=55-74&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Melich%C3%A1rek&rft.aufirst=Maro%C5%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F33285519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotyl2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_J._Motyl" title="Alexander J. Motyl">Motyl, Alexander J.</a> (2001). <i>Encyclopedia of Nationalism, Volume II</i>. Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-12-227230-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-12-227230-7"><bdi>0-12-227230-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Nationalism%2C+Volume+II&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-12-227230-7&rft.aulast=Motyl&rft.aufirst=Alexander+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamet2006" class="citation book cs1">Ramet, Sabrina (2006). <i>The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005</i>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-34656-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-34656-8"><bdi>0-253-34656-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-Building+and+Legitimation%2C+1918%E2%80%932005&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-253-34656-8&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSriramMartin-OrtegaHerman2010" class="citation book cs1">Sriram, Chandra Lekha; Martin-Ortega, Olga; Herman, Johanna (2010). <i>War, Conflict and Human rights: Theory and Practice</i>. London; New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-45205-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-45205-2"><bdi>978-0-415-45205-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War%2C+Conflict+and+Human+rights%3A+Theory+and+Practice&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-415-45205-2&rft.aulast=Sriram&rft.aufirst=Chandra+Lekha&rft.au=Martin-Ortega%2C+Olga&rft.au=Herman%2C+Johanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWachtel2006" class="citation book cs1">Wachtel, Andrew (2006). <i>Remaining Relevant after Communism: The Role of the Writer in Eastern Europe</i>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-86766-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-86766-8"><bdi>0-226-86766-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remaining+Relevant+after+Communism%3A+The+Role+of+the+Writer+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-226-86766-8&rft.aulast=Wachtel&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 27em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirgit_Bock-Luna2007" class="citation book cs1">Birgit Bock-Luna (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c6UGrE5dUzQC"><i>The Past in Exile: Serbian Long-distance Nationalism and Identity in the Wake of the Third Balkan War</i></a>. LIT Verlag Münster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-9752-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-9752-9"><bdi>978-3-8258-9752-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Past+in+Exile%3A+Serbian+Long-distance+Nationalism+and+Identity+in+the+Wake+of+the+Third+Balkan+War&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag+M%C3%BCnster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-8258-9752-9&rft.au=Birgit+Bock-Luna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc6UGrE5dUzQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Clark, Christopher. 2012. <i>The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914</i> (2012)</li></ul> <ul><li>Falina, Maria. <i>Religion and Politics in Interwar Yugoslavia: Serbian Nationalism and East Orthodox Christianity</i> (Bloomsbury Academic, 2023) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=59665">online book review</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2006" class="citation cs2">Ford, Peter (20 March 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0320/p06s02-woeu.html">"Serbian nationalism stirs again"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Science Monitor">Christian Science Monitor</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Serbian+nationalism+stirs+again&rft.date=2006-03-20&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2006%2F0320%2Fp06s02-woeu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordy,_Eric_D.2010" class="citation book cs1">Gordy, Eric D. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ccXASlIcGgC"><i>Culture of Power in Serbia: Nationalism and the Destruction of Alternatives</i></a>. Penn State Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-04368-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-04368-5"><bdi>978-0-271-04368-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+of+Power+in+Serbia%3A+Nationalism+and+the+Destruction+of+Alternatives&rft.pub=Penn+State+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-271-04368-5&rft.au=Gordy%2C+Eric+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6ccXASlIcGgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuzio,_Taras2007" class="citation book cs1">Kuzio, Taras (17 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sVoxBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA178"><i>Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives on Nationalism: New Directions in Cross-Cultural and Post-Communist Studies</i></a>. ibidem-Verlag. pp. 178–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8382-5815-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8382-5815-7"><bdi>978-3-8382-5815-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theoretical+and+Comparative+Perspectives+on+Nationalism%3A+New+Directions+in+Cross-Cultural+and+Post-Communist+Studies&rft.pages=178-&rft.pub=ibidem-Verlag&rft.date=2007-12-17&rft.isbn=978-3-8382-5815-7&rft.au=Kuzio%2C+Taras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsVoxBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Levine, Louis. 1914. "Pan-Slavism and European Politics." <i>Political Science Quarterly</i> 29.4 (1914): 664–686. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2142012">in JSTOR free</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald2005" class="citation journal cs1">MacDonald, David (July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/ojs/index.php/portal/article/viewFile/90/58">"Globalizing the Holocaust: A Jewish 'useable past' in Serbian Nationalism"</a>. <i>PORTAL: Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies</i>. <b>2</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5130%2Fportal.v2i2.90">10.5130/portal.v2i2.90</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-9809-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-9809-7"><bdi>978-0-8476-9809-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Serbia+and+Serbs&rft.btitle=Nationalism+and+Territory%3A+Constructing+Group+Identity+in+Southeastern+Europe&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8476-9809-7&rft.au=White%2C+George+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-7TgkO8utHIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_nationalism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_nationalism" title="Template:Ethnic nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_nationalism" title="Template talk:Ethnic nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_nationalism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalisms<br />in</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberism" title="Berberism">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_nationalism" title="Coptic nationalism">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_nationalism" title="Egyptian nationalism">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharaonism" title="Pharaonism">Pharaonism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabyle_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabyle nationalism">Kabyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_nationalism" title="Sahrawi nationalism">Sahrawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acholi_nationalism" title="Acholi nationalism">Acholi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amhara_nationalism" title="Amhara nationalism">Amhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutu_Power" title="Hutu Power">Hutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_nationalism" title="Somali nationalism">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigrayan_nationalism" title="Tigrayan nationalism">Tigrayan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nigeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_nationalism" title="Igbo nationalism">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogoni_nationalism" title="Ogoni nationalism">Ogoni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_nationalism" title="Afrikaner nationalism">Afrikaner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_nationalism" title="Chicano nationalism">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_independence" title="Greenlandic independence">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_self-government_in_Canada" title="Indigenous self-government in Canada">Indigenous Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Lakotah_proposal" title="Republic of Lakotah proposal">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_nationalism" title="Quebec nationalism">Québécois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Sequoyah" title="State of Sequoyah">Sequoyahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noirism" title="Noirism">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_movement_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Independence movement in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_nationalism" title="Argentine nationalism">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creole_nationalism" title="Creole nationalism">Criollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_conflict" title="Mapuche conflict">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocacerism" title="Ethnocacerism">Peruvian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_nationalism" title="Assyrian nationalism">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_nationalism" title="Iranian nationalism">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Iraqi</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golus_nationalism" title="Golus nationalism">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_nationalism" title="Jordanian nationalism">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_nationalism" title="Kurdish nationalism">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_nationalism" title="Lebanese nationalism">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationalism" title="Syrian nationalism">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationalism" title="Turkish nationalism">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_nationalism" title="Turkish Cypriot nationalism">in Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaza_nationalism" title="Zaza nationalism">Zaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_nationalism" title="Cantonese nationalism">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_nationalism" title="Han nationalism">Han</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_chauvinism" title="Han chauvinism">chauvinist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_nationalism" title="Hong Kong nationalism">Hongkonger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism_in_Japan" title="Ethnic nationalism in Japan">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_ethnic_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean ethnic nationalism">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchurian_nationalism" title="Manchurian nationalism">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinawan nationalism">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_independence_movement" title="Ryukyu independence movement">Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_nationalism" title="Taiwanese nationalism">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_independence_movement" title="Tibetan independence movement">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assam_separatist_movements" title="Assam separatist movements">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_nationalism" title="Bengali nationalism">Bengali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationalism" title="Bangladeshi nationalism">in Bangladesh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_nationalism" title="Bodo nationalism">Bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_nationalism" title="Dravidian nationalism">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_nationalism" title="Hazara nationalism">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_nationalism" title="Meitei nationalism">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_nationalism" title="Naga nationalism">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_nationalism" title="Punjabi nationalism">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_nationalism" title="Sindhi nationalism">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_nationalism" title="Tamil nationalism">Tamil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_nationalism" title="Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism">in Sri Lanka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_nationalism" title="Tripuri nationalism">Tripuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South-eastern Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_nationalism" title="Filipino nationalism">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_nationalism" title="Khmer nationalism">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Malay_nationalism" title="Early Malay nationalism">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mon nationalism">Mon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan nationalism">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_nationalism" title="Thai nationalism">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_nationalism" title="Vietnamese nationalism">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern & Middle Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_nationalism" title="Baloch nationalism">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Mongolism" title="Pan-Mongolism">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_independence_movement" title="Inner Mongolian independence movement">South Mongolia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_nationalism" title="Pashtun nationalism">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_regionalism" title="Siberian regionalism">Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_nationalism" title="Uyghur nationalism">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_nationalism" title="Yakut nationalism">Yakut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Caucasus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_nationalism" title="Armenian nationalism">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_nationalism" title="Azerbaijani nationalism">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_nationalism" title="Georgian nationalism">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laz_nationalism" title="Laz nationalism">Laz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Albanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_Albania" title="Albanian nationalism in Albania">in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_Kosovo" title="Albanian nationalism in Kosovo">in Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_North_Macedonia" title="Albanian nationalism in North Macedonia">in North Macedonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_nationalism" title="Aromanian nationalism">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniak_nationalism" title="Bosniak nationalism">Bosniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationalism" title="Croatian nationalism">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationalism" title="Greek nationalism">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_nationalism" title="Greek Cypriot nationalism">in Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_nationalism" title="Macedonian nationalism">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovenism" title="Moldovenism">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_nationalism" title="Montenegrin nationalism">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani nationalism">Romani (Gypsy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_nationalism" title="Romanian nationalism">Romanian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Serbian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_nationalism" title="Austrian nationalism">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_nationalism" title="Bavarian nationalism">Bavarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_nationalism" title="Czech nationalism">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisian_nationalism" title="Frisian nationalism">Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism_in_Austria" title="German nationalism in Austria">in Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_nationalism" title="Völkisch nationalism">Völkisch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationalism" title="Hungarian nationalism">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_nationalism" title="Polish nationalism">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_independence" title="Silesian independence">Silesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_nationalism" title="Slovak nationalism">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationalism" title="Slovenian nationalism">Slovenian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_nationalism" title="Belarusian nationalism">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Ukrainian nationalism">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddishist_movement" title="Yiddishist movement">Yiddish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Caucasus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkar_and_Karachay_nationalism" title="Balkar and Karachay nationalism">Balkar and Karachay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_nationalism" title="Circassian nationalism">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingush_nationalism" title="Ingush nationalism">Ingush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgin_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lezgin nationalism">Lezgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_nationalism" title="Ossetian nationalism">Ossetian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volga Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_nationalism" title="Chuvash nationalism">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_nationalism" title="Tatar nationalism">Tatar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism" title="Breton nationalism">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_nationalism" title="French nationalism">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_nationalism" title="Occitan nationalism">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_Movement" title="Walloon Movement">Walloon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_nationalism" title="British nationalism">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_nationalism" title="Cornish nationalism">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_nationalism" title="English nationalism">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_nationalism" title="Ulster nationalism">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arpitania" title="Arpitania">Arpitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_nationalism" title="Corsican nationalism">Corsican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationalism" title="Italian nationalism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_nationalism" title="Lombard nationalism">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padanian_nationalism" title="Padanian nationalism">Padanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_nationalism" title="Sardinian nationalism">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_nationalism" title="Sicilian nationalism">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_nationalism" title="Venetian nationalism">Venetian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_nationalism" title="Spanish nationalism">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_nationalism" title="Andalusian nationalism">Andalusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_nationalism" title="Aragonese nationalism">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_nationalism" title="Asturian nationalism">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_nationalism" title="Canarian nationalism">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_nationalism" title="Castilian nationalism">Castilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_nationalism" title="Catalan nationalism">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_nationalism" title="Galician nationalism">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarrese_nationalism" title="Navarrese nationalism">Navarrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_nationalism" title="Valencian nationalism">Valencian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_nationalism" title="Estonian nationalism">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_independence_movement" title="Faroese independence movement">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_nationalism" title="Finnish nationalism">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_nationalism" title="Icelandic nationalism">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Revival" title="Lithuanian National Revival">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_nationalism" title="Norwegian nationalism">Norwegian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationalism" title="Australian nationalism">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_sovereignty_movement" title="Hawaiian sovereignty movement">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Indigenous_sovereignty" title="Australian Indigenous sovereignty">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_protest_movement" title="Māori protest movement">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">Pan-nationalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationalism" title="Bangladeshi nationalism">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_nationalism_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Congolese nationalism (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Finnicism" title="Pan-Finnicism">Finnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhispanism" title="Panhispanism">Hispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberism" title="Iberism">Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Iranism" title="Pan-Iranism">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_reunification" title="Korean reunification">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Latinism" title="Pan-Latinism">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_nationalism" title="Libyan nationalism">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Mongolism" title="Pan-Mongolism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indianism" title="Pan-Indianism">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_nationalism" title="Nigerian nationalism">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordism">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Oceanian" title="Pan-Oceanian">Oceanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavism" title="Scandinavism">Scandinavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">South Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_nationalism" title="Tunisian nationalism">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugandan nationalism">Ugandan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsace_independence_movement" title="Alsace independence movement">Alsace independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_separatist_movements" title="Assam separatist movements">Assam separatist movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_independence_movement" title="Assyrian independence movement">Assyrian independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_independence_movement" title="Catalan independence movement">Catalan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champa_independence_movement" title="Champa independence movement">Champa independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan_independence_movement" title="East Turkestan independence movement">East Turkestan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_independence_movement" title="Faroese independence movement">Faroese independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Aceh_Movement" title="Free Aceh Movement">Free Aceh Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Papua_Movement" title="Free Papua Movement">Free Papua Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_%C3%85land" title="Future of Åland">Future of Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_independence_movement" title="Galician independence movement">Galician independence movement (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_independence" title="Greenlandic independence">Greenlandic independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_nationalism" title="Cantonese nationalism">Guangdong Independence Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_sovereignty_movement" title="Hawaiian sovereignty movement">Hawaiian sovereignty movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_independence_movement" title="Inner Mongolian independence movement">Inner Mongolian independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_Association" title="Kashubian Association">Kashubian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_protest_movement" title="Māori protest movement">Māori protest movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallmapu" title="Wallmapu">Mapuche separatist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Independence_Movement" title="Muslim Independence Movement">Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_of_Corsica" title="National Liberation Front of Corsica">National Liberation Front of Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patani_United_Liberation_Organisation" title="Patani United Liberation Organisation">Patani United Liberation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_independence_movement" title="Ryukyu independence movement">Ryukyu independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Scottish independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_regionalism" title="Siberian regionalism">Siberian regionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Autonomy_Movement" title="Silesian Autonomy Movement">Silesian Autonomy Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_autonomy_movement" title="Székely autonomy movement">Székely autonomy movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_independence_movement" title="Tibetan independence movement">Tibetan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojvodina_Autonomist_Movement" title="Vojvodina Autonomist Movement">Vojvodina Autonomist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallmapuwen" title="Wallmapuwen">Wallmapuwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_Movement" title="Walloon Movement">Walloon Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Welsh independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arakan" title="Arakan">Arakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azawad" title="Azawad">Azawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balawaristan" title="Balawaristan">Balawaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque Country (greater region)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Countries" title="Catalan Countries">Catalan Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chameria" title="Chameria">Chameria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassia" title="Circassia">Circassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatay_State" title="Hatay State">Hatay State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazarajat" title="Hazarajat">Hazarajat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan" title="East Turkestan">East Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia">Herzeg-Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutu_Power" title="Hutu Power">Hutu Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilirida" title="Ilirida">Ilirida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpakstan" title="Karakalpakstan">Karakalpakstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelia" title="Karelia">Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katarism" title="Katarism">Katarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Ketuanan Melayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgistan" title="Lezgistan">Lezgistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Abhimaangeet" title="Marathi Abhimaangeet">Marathi Abhimaangeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Epirus" title="Northern Epirus">Northern Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitania" title="Occitania">Occitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetia" title="Ossetia">Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Department_(Bolivia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia)">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sápmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saraikistan">Saraikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhudesh_movement" title="Sindhudesh movement">Sindhudesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_Land" title="Székely Land">Székely Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Eelam" title="Tamil Eelam">Tamil Eelam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_ethnic_nationalism" title="Local ethnic nationalism">Local (China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenismo" title="Indigenismo">American Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_nationalism" title="Völkisch nationalism">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenism" title="Indigenism">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="wrap"><i><b>Note</b>: Forms of nationalism based primarily on <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic groups</a> are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">ethnic nationalism</a></i>.</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17097756#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2008108298">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559470605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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