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id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-使用族群" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#使用族群"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>使用族群</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-使用族群-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分布" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分布"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>分布</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-分布-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关分布子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-分布-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>中国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-越南" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#越南"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>越南</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-越南-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-研究历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>研究历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-方言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#方言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>方言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-方言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>语音</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-语音-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关语音子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-语音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-声母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#声母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>声母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-声母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-韵母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#韵母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>韵母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-韵母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-声调" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#声调"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>声调</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-声调-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-词汇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#词汇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>词汇</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-词汇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">巴哼语</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。12种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pa-hng" title="Idioma pa-hng – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma pa-hng" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_paheungek" title="Yezhoù paheungek – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù paheungek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa-Hng_language" title="Pa-Hng language – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pa-Hng language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pa-hng" title="Idioma pa-hng – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma pa-hng" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baheng" title="Baheng – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Baheng" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_pa-hng" title="Lingua pa-hng – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua pa-hng" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_pa-hng" title="Lenga pa-hng – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga pa-hng" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Пахнг – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пахнг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipa-Hng" title="Kipa-Hng – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kipa-Hng" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87" title="ภาษาปาเฮ็ง – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาปาเฮ็ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_P%C3%A0_Th%E1%BA%BBn" title="Tiếng Pà Thẻn – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Pà Thẻn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="巴哼语 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴哼语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2625410#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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<div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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.infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84078810">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="color: black; background-color: #ff0033;">巴哼语</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: #ff0033;"><span style="font-size: small;">那峨语、巴登语</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母语国家和地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中國</a>，<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/22px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/33px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/44px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><b>区域</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E%E7%9C%81" title="贵州省">贵州省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="广西壮族自治区">广西壮族自治区</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B1%9F%E7%9C%81" title="河江省">河江省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E5%85%89%E7%9C%81" title="宣光省">宣光省</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">族群</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F" title="瑶族">瑶族</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A4%A9%E6%97%8F" title="巴天族">巴天族</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">母语使用人数</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">中国约4.8万（1997）<sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />越南约5000（2015）<sup id="cite_ref-LJF_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E7%91%A4%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="苗瑤語系">苗瑤語系</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="苗語支">苗語支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>巴哼语</b></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">无</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #ff0033;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/pha" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:pha">pha</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/pahn1237">pahn1237</a></code><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #ff0033;;">瀕危程度</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E3%80%81%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="联合国教育、科学及文化组织">联合国教科文组织</a>认定的<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="瀕危語言">瀕危語言</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="color:darkgray;"><b>脆弱</b></span>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/index.php">UNESCO</a>）<div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UNESCO_AWLD_VU_CHS.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/UNESCO_AWLD_VU_CHS.png/288px-UNESCO_AWLD_VU_CHS.png" decoding="async" width="288" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/UNESCO_AWLD_VU_CHS.png/432px-UNESCO_AWLD_VU_CHS.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/UNESCO_AWLD_VU_CHS.png/576px-UNESCO_AWLD_VU_CHS.png 2x" data-file-width="1494" data-file-height="431" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#ddddff;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>本条目包含<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">国际音标</a>符号。</b>部分<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B5%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8" title="网页浏览器">浏览器</a>需要<a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E8%88%87%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="Help:特殊字母與符號">特殊字母与符号支持</a>才能正確显示，否则可能显示为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%82%E7%A2%BC" title="亂碼">乱码</a>、问号、空格等其它符号。</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>巴哼语</b>是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="湖南">湘</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="贵州">黔</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="广西">桂</a>三省交界处贵州、广西一侧自称“巴哼”（<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pa<sup>31</sup> ŋ̊ŋ<sup>35</sup></span>）的<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F" title="瑶族">瑶族</a>所使用的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="语言">语言</a>，属于<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="苗瑶语">苗瑶语</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="苗语支">苗语支</a>。越南也分布有少量使用巴哼语的族群。 </p><p>湘黔桂三省交界处<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="湖南">湖南</a>一侧自称“唔奈”的瑶族所使用的<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%94%E5%A5%88%E8%AF%AD" title="唔奈语">唔奈语</a>跟巴哼语比较接近，在一些资料中被归为「巴哼语唔奈方言」。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="使用族群"><span id=".E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8.E6.97.8F.E7.BE.A4"></span>使用族群</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：使用族群"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>巴哼语的使用族群主要分布在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E%E7%9C%81" title="贵州省">贵州省</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%BF" title="黎平县">黎平县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%BF" title="从江县">从江县</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="广西壮族自治区">广西壮族自治区</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%8D%E6%B0%B4%E8%8B%97%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8E%BF" title="融水苗族自治县">融水苗族自治县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B1%9F%E4%BE%97%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8E%BF" title="三江侗族自治县">三江侗族自治县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E8%83%9C%E5%90%84%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8E%BF" title="龙胜各族自治县">龙胜各族自治县</a>，其中融水县人数最多。他们自称“巴哼”（<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pa<sup>31</sup> ŋ̊ŋ<sup>35</sup></span>），故以此为其语言定名。侗族称其为“嘎优”（<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ka<sup>31</sup> jiu<sup>33</sup></span>），苗族称其为“大达优”（<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ta<sup>55</sup> tia<sup>42</sup> ju<sup>33</sup></span>），都是“瑶人”的意思。汉族称其为“红瑶”、“八姓瑶”。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中國民族列表">民族划分</a>中，他们被识别为<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F" title="瑶族">瑶族</a>。人口约有4.8万人（1997）<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1</sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:733</sup> </p><p>巴哼语的使用族群在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>也有分布，主要分布在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B1%9F%E7%9C%81" title="河江省">河江省</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%85%89%E5%8E%BF" title="北光县">北光县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%90%E9%97%A8%E5%8E%BF" title="箐门县">箐门县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%A0%91%E7%9A%AE%E5%8E%BF" title="黄树皮县">黄树皮县</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E5%85%89%E7%9C%81" title="宣光省">宣光省</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%91%E5%8C%96%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="霑化縣">霑化县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%B1%B1%E5%8E%BF" title="安山县">安山县</a>，其中北光县分布最为集中。他们在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="越南民族">越南的民族划分</a>中被视为独立民族，称<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A4%A9%E6%97%8F" title="巴天族">巴天族</a>。人口有5000多人（2015）。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:158</sup><sup id="cite_ref-LJF_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:109-128</sup>美国<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="语言学家">语言学家</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾杰瑞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jerold A. Edmondson"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E6%9D%B0%E7%91%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾杰瑞（页面不存在）">艾杰瑞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerold_A._Edmondson" class="extiw" title="en:Jerold A. Edmondson"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jerold A. Edmondson</span></a></span>）</span></span>指出，他们所操的语言与中国广西三江县<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9F%BA%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%E4%B9%A1" title="高基瑶族乡">高基瑶族乡</a>的巴哼语非常近似。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分布"><span id=".E5.88.86.E5.B8.83"></span>分布</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：分布"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中国"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9B.BD"></span>中国</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：中国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>巴哼语使用者分布在中国下列县。大多数县的巴哼语使用者人数都在1千至6千(Mao & Li 1997)。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="湖南">湖南</a>： <ul><li>唔奈语：<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B5%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="邵阳市">邵阳市</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%86%E5%9B%9E%E5%8E%BF" title="隆回县">隆回县</a>虎形山乡、小沙江乡、磨塘乡、大水田乡、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%8E%BF" title="洞口县">洞口县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%80%E5%8C%96%E5%B8%82" title="怀化市">怀化市</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B0%E6%BA%AA%E5%8E%BF" title="辰溪县">辰溪县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%86%E6%B5%A6%E5%8E%BF" title="溆浦县">溆浦县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E5%8E%BF" title="通道县">通道县</a>传素瑶族乡和临口镇上洞村和下洞村。<sup id="cite_ref-Tongdao_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tongdao-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>高度濒危。<sup id="cite_ref-Mao2007_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mao2007-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B5%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="邵阳市">邵阳市</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E6%AD%A5%E8%8B%97%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8E%BF" title="城步苗族自治县">城步苗族自治县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%81%E5%8E%BF" title="新宁县">新宁县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%A5%E5%AE%81%E5%8E%BF" title="绥宁县">绥宁县</a>(100+使用者)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="贵州">贵州</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%BF" title="黎平县">黎平县</a>北巴哼语：滚董乡、顺化乡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%BF" title="从江县">从江县</a>南巴哼语：高忙乡</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="广西">广西</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%8D%E6%B0%B4%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="融水县">融水县</a>(1.2万+使用者)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><ul><li>北巴哼语：大浪乡、大年乡、安太乡、洞头乡、滚贝乡、汪洞乡、杆洞乡；怀宝镇<sup id="cite_ref-Mao2007_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mao2007-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>南巴哼语：白云乡、大浪乡、安陲乡、香粉乡</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="三江县">三江县</a> <ul><li>北巴哼语：同乐乡、老堡乡</li> <li>南巴哼语：文界乡、良口乡</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E8%83%9C%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="龙胜县">龙胜县</a>南巴哼语：三门乡、平等乡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E6%A1%82%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="临桂县">临桂县</a></li> <li>(还有13个县)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="越南"><span id=".E8.B6.8A.E5.8D.97"></span>越南</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：越南"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A4%A9%E6%97%8F" title="巴天族">巴天族</a></div> <p>巴哼语还分布在越南北部一些分散的小块地区。巴哼语使用者在越南是个独立的民族，称作“<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A4%A9%E6%97%8F" title="巴天族">巴天族</a>”，有约上千人。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B1%9F%E7%9C%81" title="河江省">河江省</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B3%E7%B8%A3" title="光平縣">光平县</a>新贞社(Niederer 1997, 2004)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:71-130</sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:129-146</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%85%89%E5%8E%BF" title="北光县">北光县</a>新立社<sup id="cite_ref-ling.uta.edu_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ling.uta.edu-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Edmondson2001_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edmondson2001-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:101-133</sup> <ul><li>新立社明商村</li> <li>新城社</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E5%85%89%E7%9C%81" title="宣光省">宣光省</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%91%E5%8C%96%E7%B8%A3_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97)" title="霑化縣 (越南)">霑化县</a>鸿光村(霑化市西北62km)，在当地，使用者被称为“花苗”<sup id="cite_ref-Edmondson2001_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edmondson2001-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p>据Vu (2013:12-15)，<sup id="cite_ref-Vu2013_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vu2013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>巴天族的祖先从<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="广西">广西</a>迁到海宁(现在的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%AE%81%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="广宁省">广宁省</a>)，并随后再迁到<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E7%9C%81" title="太原省">太原省</a>。巴天族随后分化至3个不同地区。 </p> <ul><li>宣光省<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%91%E5%8C%96%E7%B8%A3_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97)" title="霑化縣 (越南)">霑化县</a>灵富和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%B1%B1%E5%8E%BF" title="安山县">安山县</a>中山</li> <li>宣光省<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%F0%A7%AF%84%E5%8E%BF" title="那𧯄县">那𧯄县</a>凌竿社、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%91%E5%8C%96%E7%B8%A3_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97)" title="霑化縣 (越南)">霑化县</a>鸿光社和河江省<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%85%89%E5%8E%BF" title="北光县">北光县</a>友产社</li> <li>巴天族从从河江省<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B3%E7%B8%A3" title="光平縣">光平县</a>春明社迁徙到<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B3%E7%B8%A3" title="光平縣">光平县</a>安平社、安城社、新郑社、新南社和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%85%89%E5%8E%BF" title="北光县">北光县</a>新立社。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究历史"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>研究历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：研究历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1905年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>人博尼法西发表了《<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%98%E6%B1%9F_(%E7%B4%85%E6%B2%B3)" title="瀘江 (紅河)">明江</a>上游居民所操语言之研究》，文中记录了“那峨语”，即自称“那峨”、他称“贵州人”的族群所说的不同于<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F" title="瑶族">瑶族</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="勉语">勉语</a>的语言。这是关于巴哼语的最早的研究。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:306-327</sup><sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:3</sup> </p><p>在1982年的《瑶族语言简志》中，巴哼语曾经被视为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="布努语">布努语</a>的一种<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言">方言</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-YYJZ_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YYJZ-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:117</sup>毛宗武后来表示，这是当时囿于材料不足而暂时采取的办法，实际上巴哼语与布努语的距离超越了一般人所理解的方言概念，是不能跟布努语的方言摆在同一个平面上的。<sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:3</sup> </p><p>《瑶族语言简志》中，巴哼话和<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%94%E5%A5%88%E8%AF%AD" title="唔奈语">唔奈话</a>被认为是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="布努语">布努语</a>的方言，二者是平级关系。<sup id="cite_ref-YYJZ_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YYJZ-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:117</sup>美国学者大卫·斯特雷克则将两者分列为两种<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="语言">语言</a>，且各自分属一个单独的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="语族">语族</a>，与<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="苗语支">苗语族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="瑶语支">瑶语族</a>等是平级关系。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:22-42</sup>后来，毛宗武、陈其光等都认为，巴哼语是一门独立的语言，唔奈话是巴哼语的方言。<sup id="cite_ref-CQG_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CQG-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:84</sup>。近年来，李云兵改变了自己的观点，认为唔奈语是独立的语言，而非巴哼语的方言。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:72-80</sup> </p><p>巴哼语在语音上没有<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">-m</span>韵尾和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="塞音">塞音</a>韵尾<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E6%AF%8D" title="韵母">韵母</a>，在语法上中心语一般在前，在词汇上也与<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="苗语支">苗语支</a>语言比较近似，因此归入<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="苗瑶语">苗瑶语</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="苗语支">苗语支</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ency_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ency-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:233-235</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="方言"><span id=".E6.96.B9.E8.A8.80"></span>方言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：方言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>巴哼语可以分为两个方言<sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:84、85</sup>： </p> <ul><li>南部方言：主要分布在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="广西">广西</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="三江县">三江县</a>文界乡、<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E5%8F%A3%E4%B9%A1" title="良口乡">良口乡</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%8D%E6%B0%B4%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="融水县">融水县</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%91%E4%B9%A1_(%E8%9E%8D%E6%B0%B4%E5%8E%BF)" title="白云乡 (融水县)">白云乡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B5%AA%E4%B9%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="大浪乡">大浪乡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%99%B2%E4%B9%A1" title="安陲乡">安陲乡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E7%B2%89%E4%B9%A1" title="香粉乡">香粉乡</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E8%83%9C%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="龙胜县">龙胜县</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%97%A8%E9%95%87_(%E9%BE%99%E8%83%9C%E5%8E%BF)" title="三门镇 (龙胜县)">三门镇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89%E9%95%87" title="平等镇">平等镇</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="贵州">贵州</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%BF" title="从江县">从江县</a>高忙乡<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。越南的巴哼语也属南部方言。 <ul><li>以三江县<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%A0%A1%E4%B9%A1" title="老堡乡">老堡乡</a>白文村（习称“文界”）的巴哼语为代表<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul></li> <li>北部方言：主要分布在贵州<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%BF" title="黎平县">黎平县</a>滚董乡、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E5%8C%96%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%E4%B9%A1" title="顺化瑶族乡">顺化乡</a>，广西<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="三江县">三江县</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%B9%90%E8%8B%97%E6%97%8F%E4%B9%A1" title="同乐苗族乡">同乐乡</a>。广西<a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%8D%E6%B0%B4%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="融水县">融水县</a>大浪乡、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B9%B4%E4%B9%A1" title="大年乡">大年乡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%AA%E4%B9%A1" title="安太乡">安太乡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E5%A4%B4%E4%B9%A1_(%E8%9E%8D%E6%B0%B4%E5%8E%BF)" class="mw-redirect" title="洞头乡 (融水县)">洞头乡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%9A%E8%B4%9D%E4%BE%97%E6%97%8F%E4%B9%A1" title="滚贝侗族乡">滚贝乡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E6%B4%9E%E4%B9%A1" title="汪洞乡">汪洞乡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%86%E6%B4%9E%E4%B9%A1" title="杆洞乡">杆洞乡</a>也有分布。 <ul><li>以黎平县<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%AA%E9%95%87" title="地坪镇">地坪镇</a>岑卜村（习称“滚董”）的巴哼语为代表<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul></li></ul> <p>南北方言划分的主要依据是有没有鼻冠闭塞音声母（如<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ᵐp</span>），有鼻冠闭塞音声母的属南部方言，没有的属北部方言。除此以外在词汇上也有一定的差异。<sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:90</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="语音"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E9.9F.B3"></span>语音</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：语音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="声母"><span id=".E5.A3.B0.E6.AF.8D"></span>声母</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：声母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>巴哼语南部方言的声母表如下<sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2-4</sup>： </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">  </th> <th colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="塞音">塞音</a></b>/<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="塞擦音">塞擦音</a></b> </th> <th colspan="3"><b>鼻冠塞音/塞擦音</b> </th> <th colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (辅音)">鼻音</a></b> </th> <th colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="近音">近音</a></b> </th> <th><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="擦音">擦音</a></b> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="送气">不送气</a> </small> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="送气">送气</a></small> </th> <th><small>浊流</small> </th> <th><small>不送气</small> </th> <th><small>浊流</small> </th> <th><small>清鼻冠音</small> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">浊音</a></small> </th> <th><small>浊流</small> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">清音</a></small> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">浊音</a></small> </th> <th><small>浊流</small> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">清音</a></small> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">清音</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="唇音">唇音</a></b> </th> <th><small>一般</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清雙唇塞音">p</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pʰ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pʱ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ᵐp</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ᵐpʱ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup><small>m̥</small></sup>p</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="雙唇鼻音">m</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">mʱ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%8C%E5%94%87%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="清双唇鼻音">m̥</a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="唇齒近音">ʋ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʋʱ</span></td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清唇齒擦音">f</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="腭音化">腭音化</a></small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pʲ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pʰʲ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pʱʲ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ᵐpʲ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ᵐpʱʲ</span></td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">mʲ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">mʱʲ</span></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齿龈音">齿龈音</a></b> </th> <th><small>一般</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦塞音">t</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʰ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʱ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ⁿt</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ⁿtʱ</span></td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齦鼻音">n</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">nʱ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">n̥</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E8%BE%B9%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="齿龈边近音">l</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">lʱ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">l̥</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦擦音">s</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>腭音化</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʲ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʰʲ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʱ</span> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">lʲ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">lʱʲ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">l̥ʲ</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="唇音">唇音化</a></small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʷ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʰʷ</span></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">sʷ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%88%E9%A2%9A%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="龈颚音">龈颚音</a></b> </th> <th><small>一般</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%A6%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齦腭塞擦音">tɕ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tɕʰ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tɕʱ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup><small>ȵ</small></sup>tɕ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup><small>ȵ</small></sup>tɕʱ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup><small>ȵ̥</small></sup>tɕ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ȵ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ȵʱ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ȵ̥</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="硬腭近音">j</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">jʱ</span></td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%A6%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齦腭擦音">ɕ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="软腭音">软腭音</a></b> </th> <th><small>一般</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清軟腭塞音">k</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʰ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʱ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ᵑk</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ᵑkʱ</span></td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="軟腭鼻音">ŋ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋʱ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋ̥</span> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清軟腭擦音">x</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="唇音">唇音化</a></small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʷ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʰʷ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʱʷ</span> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E9%9F%B3" title="小舌音">小舌音</a></b> </th> <th><small>一般</small> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清小舌塞音">q</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">qʰ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">qʱ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ᶰq</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ᶰqʱ</span></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>鼻冠闭塞音声母有闭塞音消失的趋势，改读对应部位的鼻音。北部方言即读对应部位的鼻音。<sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:91</sup>古鼻冠闭塞音声母，不论全清、次清、全浊，都向鼻音（而非闭塞音）转化，是巴哼语异于其他苗瑶语的重要特征。<sup id="cite_ref-CQG_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CQG-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʲ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʰʲ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʷ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʰʷ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">sʷ</span>用于近代汉语借词。</li> <li>元音开头的音节，实际带有喉塞音声母<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%96%80%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="聲門塞音">ʔ</a></span>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="韵母"><span id=".E9.9F.B5.E6.AF.8D"></span>韵母</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：韵母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>巴哼语南部方言的韵母表如下<sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:4-5</sup>： </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="前元音">前</a></b> </th> <th colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="央元音">央</a></b> </th> <th colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="後元音">后</a></b> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>一般</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="鼻化">鼻化</a> </th> <th>一般</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="鼻化">鼻化</a> </th> <th>一般</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="鼻化">鼻化</a></th> <th>展唇 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="高元音">高</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉前不圓唇元音">i</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ĩ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%A4%AE%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉央圓唇元音">ʉ</a></span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%89%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="次閉元音">次高</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="次閉前不圓唇元音">ɪ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɪ̃</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉元音">半高</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉前不圓唇元音">e</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ẽ</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉後圓唇元音">o</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">õ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉後不圓唇元音">ɤ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="半开元音">半低</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半開前不圓唇元音">ɛ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɛ̃</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半開後圓唇元音">ɔ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɔ̃</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="低元音">低</a> </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開前不圓唇元音">a</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ã</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>另有<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋʱ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋ̊ŋ</span>三个不含元音的音节。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="声调"><span id=".E5.A3.B0.E8.B0.83"></span>声调</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：声调"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>巴哼语南部方言的声调表如下<sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:6-7</sup>： </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><b>调号</b> </th> <th rowspan="2"><b>调值</b> </th> <th colspan="2"><b>来源</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="苗瑶语">苗瑶语</a>调类</th> <th>近代<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="外来语">借词</a>调类 </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>35</td> <td>第1调</td> <td>去声 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>33</td> <td>第2调</td> <td>阴平 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>31</td> <td>第3调</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>31</td> <td>第4调</td> <td>阳平 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>55</td> <td>第5调</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>44</td> <td>第7调</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>53</td> <td>第7调</td> <td>上声 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>31</td> <td>第8调</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>古苗瑶语B调类未分化。第8调并入第4调。</li> <li>第1调的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E8%A9%9E" title="數詞">数词</a>与第1调、第2调的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%8D" title="量词">量词</a>组合时，前面的数词变读为第7调。除此外没有其他<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E5%8F%98%E8%B0%83" class="mw-redirect" title="连续变调">连续变调</a>。</li> <li>各地方言（及唔奈语）的调类、调值基本相同。<sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:98</sup><sup id="cite_ref-CQG_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CQG-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="词汇"><span id=".E8.AF.8D.E6.B1.87"></span>词汇</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：词汇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>巴哼语（南部方言）以派生为主要的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%8B%E8%A9%9E%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="構詞學">构词</a>手段，<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E7%BC%80" class="mw-redirect" title="词缀">词缀</a>一般在前，常见的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E" title="名詞">名词</a>前缀有<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">a<sup>44</sup></span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">qa<sup>31</sup></span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">qa<sup>35</sup></span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋ̍<sup>31</sup></span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">qɛ<sup>53</sup></span>等。<sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:16-19</sup> </p><p>巴哼语中还有相当数量的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="外来语">借词</a>，具体又可分为早期借词和近代借词。 </p> <ul><li>早期借词借自<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="上古">上古</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="中古">中古</a>汉语，内容广泛，多为单<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">音节</a>，作为<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="语素">语素</a>有一定的构词能力，不使用固有词之外的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D" title="音位">音位</a>，服从固有词的语音结构和构词规律<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，声调按中古汉语四声八调对应归入1-8调。<sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:22-24</sup></li></ul> <ul><li>近代借词以<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="西南官话">西南官话</a>的语音系统为基础，内容集中在政治、经济、文化等领域，多为双音节的合成词，有使用固有词之外的音位，声调按<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E6%9F%B3%E8%AF%9D" title="桂柳话">桂柳话</a>的调值归入固有词的调类。<sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:29-30</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">该数据包含使用唔奈语的人口。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">后改<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%A0%E9%87%8C%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F%E4%B9%A1" title="翠里瑶族壮族乡">翠里瑶族壮族乡</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1950年代调查时的发音人来自<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E5%8F%A3%E4%B9%A1" title="良口乡">良口区</a>文界乡白文村<sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:4</sup>，故过去资料多称“文界”。该地现调整为<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%A0%A1%E4%B9%A1" title="老堡乡">老堡乡</a>白文村白文自然村。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1950年代调查时的发音人来自<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E9%A2%9D%E9%95%87" title="龙额镇">龙额区</a>滚董乡岭卜村<sup id="cite_ref-pahng_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:4</sup>，故过去资料多称“滚董”。岭卜村即岑卜村，“岑”为侗语中“山”的音译。该地现调整为<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%AA%E9%95%87" title="地坪镇">地坪镇</a>岑卜村岑卜自然村。<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">如<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">qa<sup>31</sup> ᵐpɔ<sup>35</sup></span>，借自“猫”，但在语音上有鼻冠音，在构词上有跟固有词类似的前缀。</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pahng-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-0"><sup><b>1.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-1"><sup><b>1.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-2"><sup><b>1.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-3"><sup><b>1.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-4"><sup><b>1.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-5"><sup><b>1.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-6"><sup><b>1.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-7"><sup><b>1.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-8"><sup><b>1.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-9"><sup><b>1.09</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-10"><sup><b>1.10</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-11"><sup><b>1.11</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-12"><sup><b>1.12</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-13"><sup><b>1.13</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-14"><sup><b>1.14</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-15"><sup><b>1.15</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-16"><sup><b>1.16</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pahng_1-17"><sup><b>1.17</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">毛宗武,李云兵. 巴哼语. 上海: 上海远东出版社. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-80613-371-2" title="Special:网络书源/7-80613-371-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7-80613-371-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=%E6%AF%9B%E5%AE%97%E6%AD%A6%2C%E6%9D%8E%E4%BA%91%E5%85%B5&rft.btitle=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7-80613-371-2&rft.place=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%BF%9C%E4%B8%9C%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：日期与年 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E4%B8%8E%E5%B9%B4" title="Category:引文格式1维护：日期与年">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LJF-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LJF_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJF_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF李锦芳2015" class="citation">李锦芳, 论中越跨境语言, 苏金智,卞成林 (编), 跨境语言与社会生活, 北京: 商务印书馆, 2015, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-100-11619-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-100-11619-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-100-11619-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=%E8%AE%BA%E4%B8%AD%E8%B6%8A%E8%B7%A8%E5%A2%83%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E9%94%A6%E8%8A%B3&rft.btitle=%E8%B7%A8%E5%A2%83%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E4%B8%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-7-100-11619-0&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8D%B0%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/pahn1237">Pa-Hng</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog 2.7</a>. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Pa-Hng&rft.au=Bank%2C+Sebastian&rft.au=Forkel%2C+Robert&rft.au=Haspelmath%2C+Martin&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft.aulast=Hammarstr%C3%B6m&rft.btitle=Glottolog+2.7&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Jena&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fpahn1237&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/index.php">UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E3%80%81%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="联合国教育、科学及文化组织">UNESCO</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">贵州省志·民族志. 贵阳: 贵州民族出版社. 2002. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-5412-0967-8" title="Special:网络书源/7-5412-0967-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7-5412-0967-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E%E7%9C%81%E5%BF%97%C2%B7%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%BF%97&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7-5412-0967-8&rft.place=%E8%B4%B5%E9%98%B3&rft.pub=%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">利国,徐绍丽. 越南民族. 北京: 华夏出版社. 1989. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-80053-760-9" title="Special:网络书源/7-80053-760-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7-80053-760-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%BD%2C%E5%BE%90%E7%BB%8D%E4%B8%BD&rft.btitle=%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7-80053-760-9&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%8F%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jerold A. Edmondson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108091931/http://www.uta.edu/faculty/jerry/research/map.html">Map & Language Descriptions <i>Borderlands: Lesser Known Indigenous Languages of Northern Vietnam</i></a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-11-09</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uta.edu/faculty/jerry/research/map.html">原始内容</a>存档于2020-11-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Jerold+A.+Edmondson&rft.btitle=Map+%26+Language+Descriptions+Borderlands%3A+Lesser+Known+Indigenous+Languages+of+Northern+Vietnam&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uta.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fjerry%2Fresearch%2Fmap.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tongdao-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tongdao_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Tongdao Dong Autonomous County Ethnic Gazetteer</i> 通道侗族自治县民族志 (2004).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mao2007-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mao2007_10-0"><sup><b>9.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mao2007_10-1"><sup><b>9.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">毛宗武. 《优诺语研究》. 北京：民族出版社, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Niederer, Barbara. 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/clao_0153-3320_1997_num_26_1_1506">Notes comparatives sur le pa-hng</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210630121641/https://www.persee.fr/doc/clao_0153-3320_1997_num_26_1_1506">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. <i>Cahiers de linguistique Asie orientale</i> 26(1).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Niederer, Barbara. 2004. Pa-hng and the classification of the Hmong-Mien languages. In Tapp, N. and Michaud, J. and Culas, C. and G. Yai Lee (eds.), Hmong/Miao in Asia. Bangkok: Silkworm Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ling.uta.edu-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ling.uta.edu_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207074151/http://ling.uta.edu/~jerry/research/map.html">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-09</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ling.uta.edu/~jerry/research/map.html">原始内容</a>存档于2012-02-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fling.uta.edu%2F~jerry%2Fresearch%2Fmap.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edmondson2001-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Edmondson2001_14-0"><sup><b>13.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Edmondson2001_14-1"><sup><b>13.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmondson, J.A. and Gregerson, K.J. 2001, "Four Languages of the Vietnam-China Borderlands", in <i>Papers from the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society</i>, ed. K.L. Adams and T.J. Hudak, Tempe, Arizona. Arizona State University, Program for Southeast Asian Studies.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vu2013-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vu2013_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vũ Quốc Khánh. 2013. <i>Người Pà Thẻn ở Việt Nam [越南的巴天语]</i>. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản thông tấn.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span lang="fr">Bonifacy, Auguste. Étude sur les Langues parlées par les Populations de la Haute Rivière Claire. <i>Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient V</i>. 1905.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YYJZ-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YYJZ_17-0"><sup><b>16.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YYJZ_17-1"><sup><b>16.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">毛宗武,蒙朝吉,郑宗泽. 瑶族语言简志. 北京: 民族出版社. 1982. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://book.douban.com/subject_search?search_text=SH9049-25"><span title="统一书号">CSBN 9049·25</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=%E6%AF%9B%E5%AE%97%E6%AD%A6%2C%E8%92%99%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%89%2C%E9%83%91%E5%AE%97%E6%B3%BD&rft.btitle=%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%AE%80%E5%BF%97&rft.csbn=9049%C2%B725&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：日期与年 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E4%B8%8E%E5%B9%B4" title="Category:引文格式1维护：日期与年">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Strecker, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/strecker1987some.pdf">Some Comments on Benedict's "Miao–Yao Enigma: The Na-e language<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span></span><i>Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area</i><span></span>. 1987, (10) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-09-30</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116082421/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/strecker1987some.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2020-11-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Some+Comments+on+Benedict%27s+%22Miao%E2%80%93Yao+Enigma%3A+The+Na-e+language%22&rft.au=Strecker%2C+David&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=10&rft.jtitle=%27%27Linguistics+of+the+Tibeto-Burman+Area%27%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsealang.net%2Fsala%2Farchives%2Fpdf8%2Fstrecker1987some.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CQG-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CQG_19-0"><sup><b>18.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CQG_19-1"><sup><b>18.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CQG_19-2"><sup><b>18.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">陈其光. 巴哼语. 中国的语言. 北京: 商务印书馆. 2007. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-100-04363-8" title="Special:网络书源/7-100-04363-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7-100-04363-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=%E9%99%88%E5%85%B6%E5%85%89&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=7-100-04363-8&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8D%B0%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">李云兵. 20世纪以来的苗瑶语调查. 民族翻译. 2011, (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=20%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BB%A5%E6%9D%A5%E7%9A%84%E8%8B%97%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E4%BA%91%E5%85%B5&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">邓晓华,王士元. 苗瑶语族语言亲缘关系的计量研究——词源统计分析方法. 中国语文. 2003, (3): 253–263.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=%E8%8B%97%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E4%BA%B2%E7%BC%98%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A1%E9%87%8F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E8%AF%8D%E6%BA%90%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95&rft.au=%E9%82%93%E6%99%93%E5%8D%8E%2C%E7%8E%8B%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%83&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87&rft.pages=253-263&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ency-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ency_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">巴哼语. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="中国大百科全书">中国大百科全书</a> 第二版. 北京: 中国大百科全书出版社. 2009. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5000-7958-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5000-7958-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-5000-7958-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.date=2009&rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%89%88&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-7-5000-7958-3&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">行政区划. 三江侗族自治县志. 北京: 中央民族学院出版社. 1992: 29-37. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-81001-275-4" title="Special:网络书源/7-81001-275-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7-81001-275-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%89%E6%B1%9F%E4%BE%97%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8E%BF%E5%BF%97&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=7-81001-275-4&rft.pages=29-37&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2023/45/02/26/450226208.html">2023年老堡乡统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80" title="国家统计局">中华人民共和国国家统计局</a>. 2023-06-30 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（中国大陆）网页">（中文（中国大陆））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=2023%E5%B9%B4%E8%80%81%E5%A0%A1%E4%B9%A1%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E5%92%8C%E5%9F%8E%E4%B9%A1%E5%88%92%E5%88%86%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81&rft.date=2023-06-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fsj%2Ftjbz%2Ftjyqhdmhcxhfdm%2F2023%2F45%2F02%2F26%2F450226208.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">贵州省黎平县地名志. 黎平县人民政府内部资料. 1985: 259-261.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E%E7%9C%81%E9%BB%8E%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%BF%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%BF%97&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=259-261&rft.pub=%E9%BB%8E%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%BF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2023/52/26/31/522631210.html">2023年地坪镇统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80" title="国家统计局">中华人民共和国国家统计局</a>. 2023-06-30 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（中国大陆）网页">（中文（中国大陆））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=2023%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%AA%E9%95%87%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E5%92%8C%E5%9F%8E%E4%B9%A1%E5%88%92%E5%88%86%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81&rft.date=2023-06-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fsj%2Ftjbz%2Ftjyqhdmhcxhfdm%2F2023%2F52%2F26%2F31%2F522631210.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Pa-Hng_comparative_vocabulary_list">巴哼语与唔奈语六个方言点的基本词汇比较表（英文维基词典）</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201229134520/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Pa-Hng_comparative_vocabulary_list">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">漢語支</a><br /><span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="汉语方言">汉语方言</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E" title="通用語">通用語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E9%9F%B3" title="老国音">老国音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="現代標準漢語">現代標準漢語</a> 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title="兰银官话">兰银官话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="西南官话">西南官话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%B7%AE%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="江淮官话">江淮官话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E8%AF%9D" title="天津话">天津話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B7%E6%B1%9F%E8%AF%9D" title="岷江话">岷江话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A3%E6%A6%86%E8%AF%9D" title="赣榆话">赣榆话</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="晋语">晋语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="吴语">吴语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="徽语">徽语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AF%AD" title="湘语">湘语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="贛語">贛語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客家话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="闽语">闽语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E6%9D%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="閩東語">閩東語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%86%E4%BB%99%E8%AA%9E" title="莆仙語">莆仙語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="闽南语">闽南语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%9D" title="海南话">海南话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="雷州话">雷州话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8C%97%E8%AF%AD" title="闽北语">闽北语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E4%B8%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="闽中语">闽中语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B5%E5%B0%86%E8%AF%AD" title="邵将语">邵将语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%AF%9D%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%9F%E8%AF%9D" title="平话和土话">平话和土话</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div 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title="占米话">占米话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%9D" title="孔夫话">孔夫话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E8%AF%9D" title="迈话">迈话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B2%E8%AF%9D" title="畲话">畲话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E8%A9%B1" title="六甲話">六甲話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%B3%92%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="八峒瑶语">八峒瑶语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9C%B0%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="平地瑶话">平地瑶话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%B9%E4%BE%97%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="夹侗话（页面不存在）">夹侗话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%B9%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="夹壮话（页面不存在）">夹壮话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%BD%E5%AE%97%E8%AF%AD" title="徽宗语">徽宗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%91%E5%A1%98%E8%AF%9D" title="苑塘话">苑塘话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%95%89%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1" title="香蕉白話">香蕉白話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E6%95%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="果敢語">果敢語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B9%B2%E8%AF%AD" title="东干语">东干語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%8F%E5%A0%82%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="经堂语（页面不存在）">经堂语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%85%92%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="漢兒言語">漢兒言語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E5%BC%8F%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙式汉语（页面不存在）">蒙式汉语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%85%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="塔兹语">塔兹语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E5%92%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="协和语">协和语</a></span></li> <li><span 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BC%E4%BD%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="泼佩语">泼佩语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E8%8B%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="纳若语">纳若語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E5%84%92%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳儒語（页面不存在）">纳儒語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="支里語（页面不存在）">支里語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="跨恩斯话">跨恩斯话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E7%8E%9B%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="跨玛斯话">跨玛斯话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%B9%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="莱兹斯话">莱兹斯话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E9%80%8B%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="子逋斯话">子逋斯话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%81%E5%86%85%E5%98%8E%E8%AF%9D" title="锁内嘎话">锁内嘎话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%9B%E6%9F%94%E8%AF%9D" title="俄毛柔话">俄毛柔话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E9%98%BF%E4%B9%8C%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北阿乌語（页面不存在）">北阿乌語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里乌語（页面不存在）">里乌語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔尔语（页面不存在）">塔尔语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E5%BE%97%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="六得語（页面不存在）">六得語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%96%E5%BF%97%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="他志语（页面不存在）">他志语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="哈尼语支">哈尼语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>哈尼-阿卡方言 <ul><li>哈尼语群 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="哈尼语">哈尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%AF%E7%BE%8E%E8%AF%AD" title="糯美语">糯美语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%AF%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%AD" title="糯比语">糯比语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%8A%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%AD" title="腊米语">腊米语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BC%85%E8%AF%AD" title="罗缅语">罗缅语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%82%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="昂罗语">昂罗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E5%90%88%E8%AF%AD" title="郭合语">郭合语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E4%BD%9C%E8%AF%AD" title="果作语">果作语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%B4%BB%E8%AF%AD" title="格活语">格活语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%95%E8%BD%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="奕车语">奕车语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9F%E5%BC%9F%E8%AF%AD" title="期弟语">期弟语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%88%AB%E8%AF%AD" title="卡别语">卡别语</a></li></ul></li> <li>雅尼语群 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="阿卡语">阿卡语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="切皮亚语">切皮亚语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%90%9E%E8%AF%AD" title="木吞语">木吞语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="木达语">木达语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%9B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="猛語（页面不存在）">猛語</a></li></ul></li> <li>豪白语群 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="豪尼语">豪尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%9D%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="窝尼语">窝尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%AE%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="白宏语">白宏语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%AD%94%E8%AF%AD" title="布孔语">布孔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="布都语">布都语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AD%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%AD" title="梭比语">梭比语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="多尼语">多尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%A1%94%E8%AF%AD" title="多塔语">多塔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A2%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="阿梭语">阿梭语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="阿木语">阿母语</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>碧卡方言 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%A7%E7%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="碧约语">碧约语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="西摩洛语">峨努语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="卡多语">卡多语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="西拉语群">西拉语群</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%93%E6%A2%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="搓梭语">搓梭语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E9%82%A3%E8%AF%AD" title="帕那语">帕那语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="阿克语">阿克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%BE%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="勾克语">勾克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="西拉语">西拉语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="基尔语">基尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%9C%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="帕札语">帕札语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%A5%87%E8%AF%AD" title="木奇语">木奇语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B2%81%E7%8E%9B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鲁玛语（页面不存在）">鲁玛语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="普拉语">帕拉语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西达语（页面不存在）">西达语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="毕苏语群">毕苏语群</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84" class="mw-redirect" title="毕苏语组">毕苏语组</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="毕苏语">毕苏语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%AE%E5%B8%95%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="淮帕语（页面不存在）">淮帕语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E8%80%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达考语（页面不存在）">达考语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="毕苏语">老缅语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%93%81%E8%AF%AD" title="老品语">老品语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%87%E8%AF%AD_(%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4)" title="片语 (毕苏语群)">片语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%BD%98%E8%AF%AD" title="老潘语">老潘语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="毕苏语群">兴萨里语组</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%86%85%E8%AF%AD" title="普内语">普内语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B4%E8%90%A8%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="兴萨里语">兴萨里语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="尖坦语">尖坦语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E7%9B%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="老盛语">老盛语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E5%BA%93%E8%AF%AD" title="蓬库语">蓬库语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E5%A1%9E%E8%AF%AD" title="蓬塞语">蓬塞语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E5%B0%A7%E8%AF%AD" title="彭尧语">彭尧语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="毕苏语群">贡语组</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97)" title="贡语 (越南)">贡语</a> <ul><li>金贡语</li> <li>银贡语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E5%AD%94%E8%AF%AD" title="桑孔语">桑孔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%AD%94%E8%AF%AD" title="楚孔语">楚孔语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E9%9C%8D%E8%AF%AD" title="焦霍语">焦霍语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%A1%98%E8%AF%AD" title="班塘语">班塘语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E6%92%92%E8%AF%AD" title="孔撒语">孔撒语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%A4%87%E8%AF%AD" title="哈备语">哈备语</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid grey; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%86%E6%AF%95%E8%AF%AD" title="姆毕语">姆毕语</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%AB%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="基諾語">基諾語</a> <ul><li>攸乐基諾語</li> <li>补远基諾語</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他彝语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E8%BE%BE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三达語（页面不存在）">三达語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E5%A4%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达头语（页面不存在）">达头语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%AC%A1%E5%98%8E%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿次嘎语（页面不存在）">阿次嘎语</a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8E%E4%BE%9D%E9%A2%87%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扎依颇语（页面不存在）">扎依颇语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%AD%90%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="曼子语支">曼子语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%8E%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%9D" title="嘎苏话">嘎苏话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%8F%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="透语（页面不存在）">透语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%AD%90%E8%AF%AD" title="曼子语">曼子语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E8%80%86%E8%AF%AD" title="模耆语">模耆语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E6%9C%9F%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫期语（页面不存在）">莫期语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AB%E6%98%82%E8%AF%AD" title="末昂语">末昂语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%B0%E6%B6%A1%E8%AF%AD_(%E9%BA%BB%E5%B3%A8)" title="估涡语 (麻峨)">估涡语 (麻峨)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%B0%E6%B6%A1%E8%AF%AD_(%E9%BA%BB%E9%98%BF)" title="估涡语 (麻阿)">估涡语 (麻阿)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%99%97%E8%AF%AD" title="孟噗语">孟噗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%A0%87%E5%BD%9D%E8%AF%AD" title="普标彝语">普标彝语</a>（麻榭）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%8F%B5%E4%BF%96%E8%AF%AD" title="䏵俖语">䏵俖语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%9B%E9%83%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="矛部语">矛部语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="老本语">老本语</a>（莫当）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="緬語支">緬語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="载瓦语">载瓦语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%98%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="阿昌语">阿昌语</a> <ul><li>陇川话</li> <li>梁河话</li> <li>潞西话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E9%80%9F%E8%AF%AD" title="浪速语">浪速语</a> <ul><li>干诺话</li> <li>塔咯话</li> <li>拉钦话</li> <li>浪苏话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%AA%E5%AE%8B%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="浪宋话（页面不存在）">浪宋话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E6%9C%9F%E8%AF%AD" title="勒期语">勒期语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E5%B1%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="茶山语">茶山语</a>（峨昌）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="波拉语">波拉语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="仙岛语">仙岛语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他语群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="萨尔语群" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="萨尔语群">萨尔语群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E9%A2%87%E8%AF%AD" title="景颇语">景颇语</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="侬语支">侬语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E9%BE%99%E8%AF%AD" title="独龙语">独龙语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BE%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="阿侬语">阿侬语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%97%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="日旺语">日旺语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="达尼语支">达尼语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="阿迪语">阿迪语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%98%8E%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="博嘎尔方言">博嘎尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉莫语（页面不存在）">拉莫语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%BE%E9%87%8C%E6%B3%A2%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="派里波语（页面不存在）">派里波语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%9A%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="博日語（页面不存在）">博日語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E8%92%99%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希蒙语（页面不存在）">希蒙语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡可语（页面不存在）">卡可语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%AF%E9%BB%98%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柯默卡语（页面不存在）">柯默卡语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A6%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邦多语（页面不存在）">邦多语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿兴语（页面不存在）">阿兴语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%91%A9%E5%BC%BA%E6%B3%A2%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波摩强波语（页面不存在）">波摩强波语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴达姆语（页面不存在）">巴达姆语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E6%98%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴昔语（页面不存在）">巴昔语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%8D%A3%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民荣语（页面不存在）">民荣语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达木语（页面不存在）">达木语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%98%E5%85%B6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潘其语（页面不存在）">潘其语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E9%A2%9D%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达额木语（页面不存在）">达额木语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%8F%A4%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米古巴语（页面不存在）">米古巴语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%B0%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米新巴语（页面不存在）">米新巴语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼兴语（页面不存在）">尼兴语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B4%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="崩尼语（页面不存在）">崩尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E8%AF%BA%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅诺语（页面不存在）">雅诺语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米里语（页面不存在）">米里语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E6%98%9F%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米星语（页面不存在）">米星语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E6%A0%B9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔根语（页面不存在）">塔根语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳语（页面不存在）">纳语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%86%E7%86%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="姆熱语（页面不存在）">姆熱语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E4%BE%9D%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴依语（页面不存在）">巴依语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿巴达尼语（页面不存在）">阿巴达尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%A6%E9%BE%99%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迦龙语（页面不存在）">迦龙语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%98%8E%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嘎罗语（页面不存在）">嘎罗语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%BD%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="都巴语（页面不存在）">都巴语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%E6%8F%90%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡姆提语（页面不存在）">卡姆提语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="鲁苏语支">鲁苏语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%A9%E5%A6%82%E8%AF%AD" title="崩如语">崩如语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="鲁苏语">鲁苏语</a>（昂卡）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%BF%88%E8%AF%AD" title="达迈语">达迈语</a>（米济）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E9%83%BD%E2%80%94%E8%BE%BE%E8%AE%A9%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="义都—达让语支">义都—达让语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="义都语">义都语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%AE%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="达让语">达让语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="桑朗语群">桑朗语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E8%AA%9E" title="克羅語">克罗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%B5%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="米浪语">米浪语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E6%9C%B1%E5%A5%94%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="舍朱奔语支">舍朱奔语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%BE%8D%E8%AA%9E" title="蘇龍語">蘇龍語</a>（布瑞）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="布贡语">布贡语</a>（科瓦）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E6%9C%B1%E5%A5%94%E8%AF%AD" title="舍朱奔语">舍朱奔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD" title="利西语">利西语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%A0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="楚格语">楚格语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E5%BD%93%E8%AF%AD" title="萨尔当语">萨尔当语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="格曼语支">格曼语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="格曼语">格曼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E8%AF%9D" title="扎话">扎话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">未归类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E6%9E%97%E8%AF%AD" title="松林语">松林语</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AF%E4%BE%97%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="壯侗語系">壯侗語系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="黎语支">黎语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E8%AF%AD" title="黎语">黎语</a> <ul><li>侾（哈）</li> <li>杞</li> <li>润</li> <li>美孚</li> <li>赛（台）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%8C%82%E8%AA%9E" title="加茂語">加茂語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A3%E6%96%97%E5%BE%95%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="那斗徕话（页面不存在）">那斗徕话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A1%E9%9A%86%E8%AA%9E" title="仡隆語">仡隆語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%9F%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="谟话（页面不存在）">谟话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A1%E5%A4%AE%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="仡央语群">仡央语群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="仡佬语">仡佬语</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%BF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="稿方言">稿方言</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%AC%A7%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="阿欧方言">阿欧语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="仡佬语">水城仡佬语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="红仡佬语">红仡佬语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="壮语">壮语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="标准壮语">标准壮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E4%BE%9D%E8%AF%AD" title="布依语">布依语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%82%E5%8C%97%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桂北壯語（页面不存在）">桂北壯語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%82%E9%82%8A%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桂邊壯語（页面不存在）">桂邊壯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B1%E5%8C%97%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="邱北壮语">邱北壮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E6%B1%9F%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="右江壯語">右江壯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%95%E5%8C%97%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="邕北壮语">邕北壮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="壮语">中紅水河壯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%B4%85%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%B3%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="東紅水河壯語">東紅水河壯語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%B3%E6%B1%9F%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柳江壮语（页面不存在）">柳江壮语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%B3%E9%BB%94%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柳黔壮语（页面不存在）">柳黔壮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E5%B1%B1%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="连山壮语">连山壮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%B2" title="民讲">民讲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%95%E5%8D%97%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="邕南壯語">邕南壯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E6%B1%9F%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="左江壯語">左江壯語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B1%E4%BE%9D%E8%AF%AD" title="岱依语">岱依语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%BA%BB%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="文麻壯語">文麻壯語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B1%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="岱壯語">岱壯語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E7%AB%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="傣端语">傣端语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E8%B5%AC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="傣赬語">傣赬語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E9%BB%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="傣黕語">傣黕語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%B8%E8%AF%AD" title="掸语">掸语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E8%89%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="傣艮语">傣艮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E8%80%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="傣耶語">傣耶语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E9%82%A3%E8%AF%AD" title="傣那语">傣那语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E9%9B%85%E8%AF%AD" title="傣雅语">傣雅语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B1%E5%BA%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="岱康语">傣康语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E6%8B%85%E8%AF%AD" title="傣担语">傣担语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E4%BA%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="傣亮语">傣亮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9C%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="巴地语">巴地语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">古越语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%B6%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="古越语">古越语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%B6%8A%E8%AA%9E" title="閩越語">閩越語</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E8%AF%AD" title="混合语">混合语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%92%E8%A9%B1" title="誒話">誒話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%AC%84%E8%AA%9E" title="高欄語">高欄語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AB%E7%94%B2%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="八甲话（页面不存在）">八甲话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="苗瑶语系">苗瑶语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="苗语支">苗语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">巴哼语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">巴哼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%94%E5%A5%88%E8%AF%AD" title="唔奈语">唔奈语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">东部语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%A5%BF%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="湘西苗语">湘西苗语</a> <ul><li>东</li> <li>西</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">畲语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>畲-炯奈语 <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B2%E8%AF%AD" title="畲语">畲语</a></span>（活聂语）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%AF%E5%A5%88%E8%AF%AD" title="炯奈语">炯奈语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%98%E8%AF%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="优诺语">优诺语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%82%A3%E8%AF%AD" title="巴那语">巴那语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中部语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E9%BB%94%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语黔东方言">黔东苗语</a> <ul><li>东</li> <li>北</li> <li>西 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%95%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="绕家语">绕家语</a></li></ul></li> <li>南</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西部语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="布努语">布努语</a> <ul><li>布努语</li> <li>包瑙语</li> <li>努茂语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E5%B7%9D%E9%BB%94%E6%BB%87%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语川黔滇方言">川黔滇苗语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E9%BB%94%E6%BB%87%E8%8B%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="川黔滇苗語">川黔滇</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E9%BB%94%E6%BB%87%E8%8B%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="川黔滇苗語">第一土语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%B1%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%9D" title="小花苗话">第二土语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%A7%80%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="西秀苗语">第三土语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%BB%87%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语滇东北次方言">滇东北</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E9%98%B3%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="贵阳苗语">贵阳</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD" title="麻标语">麻标语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E6%B0%B4%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="惠水苗语">惠水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E9%BA%BB%E5%B1%B1%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语麻山次方言">麻山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E6%B3%8A%E6%B2%B3%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语罗泊河次方言">罗泊河</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%F0%B1%8E%BC%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="𱎼家话">重安江</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C4%9B-chinese.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/G%C4%9B-chinese.svg/14px-G%C4%9B-chinese.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/G%C4%9B-chinese.svg/21px-G%C4%9B-chinese.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/G%C4%9B-chinese.svg/28px-G%C4%9B-chinese.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span>家话</li> <li>东家话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A1%98%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="平塘苗语">平塘</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="瑶语支">瑶语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E6%95%8F%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="藻敏话">藻敏话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E6%95%8F%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="标敏话">标敏话</a> <ul><li>东山标敏话</li> <li>灌阳标敏话</li> <li>石口标敏话</li> <li>牛尾寨标敏话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%9D" title="标曼话">标曼话</a> <ul><li>长坪标曼话</li> <li>罗香标曼话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%97%A8%E8%AF%9D" title="金门话">金门话</a> <ul><li>滇桂金门话</li> <li>防海金门话 <ul><li>海南门语</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%89%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="勉方言">勉方言</a> <ul><li>广滇勉语</li> <li>湘南勉语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E6%98%A5%E6%8E%92%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="阳春排瑶语">阳春排瑶语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">混合語</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="伶话">伶话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="猫家话">猫家话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%98%E5%BF%B5%E8%AF%9D" title="优念话">优念话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%94%B9%E8%AF%9D" title="三锹话">三锹话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白石苗语（页面不存在）">白石苗语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="南亚语系">南亚语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A4%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%82%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="佤德昂语支">佤德昂语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>德昂语支 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%82%E8%AF%AD" title="德昂语">德昂语</a>（巴朗语） <ul><li>普乐语</li> <li>若買语</li> <li>达让语</li> <li>纳盎语</li> <li>布雷語</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%98%82%E8%AF%AD" title="日昂语">日昂语</a> <ul><li>郎日昂语</li> <li>籁日昂语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%84%91%E8%AF%AD" title="达脑语">达脑语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B7%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="户语支">户语支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦语">瓦语</a> <ul><li>北瓦语</li> <li>南瓦语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="乌语">乌语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="户语">户语</a>（昆格）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%82%E5%BA%93%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="昂库语（页面不存在）">昂库语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%94%91%E8%AF%AD" title="克蔑语">克蔑语</a>（曼咪）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="莫克语">莫克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="木阿克语">木阿克语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达贡语（页面不存在）">达贡语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A4%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="佤语支">佤语支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A4%E8%AA%9E" title="佤語">佤語</a> <ul><li>巴饒克</li> <li>阿佤</li> <li>佤</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉维瓦语（页面不存在）">拉维瓦语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉威语">拉威语</a> <ul><li>东拉威语</li> <li>西拉威语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD" title="布朗语">布朗语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BD%A4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿尔佤语（页面不存在）">阿尔佤语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%AD%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彭语（页面不存在）">彭语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%AF%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肯德涅语（页面不存在）">肯德涅语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E9%99%B6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桑陶语（页面不存在）">桑陶语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡瓦语（页面不存在）">卡瓦语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%94%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孔图语（页面不存在）">孔图语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%81%E5%BD%AD%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旁彭语（页面不存在）">旁彭语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E9%9B%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="蒙雷语">蒙雷语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="都语（页面不存在）">都语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%80%80%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="萨怀克语">萨怀克语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%97%AF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嗯语（页面不存在）">嗯语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E5%A7%86%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨姆语（页面不存在）">萨姆语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%82%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="颂语（页面不存在）">颂语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%8A%E4%BD%A4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="腊佤语（页面不存在）">腊佤语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克拉语（页面不存在）">克拉语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A5%E8%BF%87%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="补过语（页面不存在）">补过语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%81%E5%88%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="叁刀语（页面不存在）">叁刀语</a></li></ul></li> <li>拉墨语支 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A2%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="拉墨语">拉墨语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B2%81%E9%98%BF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鲁阿语（页面不存在）">鲁阿语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="焦尔语">焦尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="控语（页面不存在）">控语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B4%E2%80%94%E6%8A%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="布兴—抗语支">布兴语支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="布兴语">布兴语</a>（佧米）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%8A%92%E8%AF%AD" title="布芒语">布芒语</a>（曼丈）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E6%9E%97%E8%AF%AD" title="广林语">广林语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E8%AF%AD" title="抗语">抗语</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="克木语支">克木语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="克木语">克木语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%B8%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克温语（页面不存在）">克温语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BD%E8%AF%9D" title="宽话">宽话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%BD%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="莽语支">莽语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="莽语">莽语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%90%89%E8%AF%AD" title="巴琉语">俫语</a>（珀琉）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%B5%93%E8%AF%AD" title="布赓语">布赓语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="越語支">越語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%AC%E8%AA%9E" title="中國京語">京语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">越南语</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="南島語系">南島語系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣南島語言">台灣南島語言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th 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1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语">希伯来语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="敘利亞語">叙利亚语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉姆語">阿拉姆語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉伯语">阿拉伯语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6-%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="印度-伊朗语族">印度-伊朗语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="色勒库尔语">色勒库尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦罕语">瓦罕语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西徐亞語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scythian languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%90%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西徐亞語（页面不存在）">西徐亞語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Scythian languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scythian languages</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">塞語</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">于阗语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">扜弥语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">图木舒克语</a>（据史德语）</span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">坎杰克语</a>（康居语）</span></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%9F%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="粟特语">粟特语</a></span> <ul><li>老粟特语</li> <li>新粟特语 <ul><li>景教粟特语</li> <li>摩尼教粟特语</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="中古波斯语">钵罗婆语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="安息语">安息语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%8F%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="大夏语">大夏语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B-%E8%B4%B5%E9%9C%9C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊塞克-贵霜语（页面不存在）">伊塞克-贵霜语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E9%99%80%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="阿维斯陀语">阿维斯陀语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%89%8C%E5%AD%90%E6%A8%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="花剌子模语">花剌子模语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太-波斯語">猶太-波斯語</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太-波斯語">蓝帽回回语</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="新波斯语">新波斯语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="波斯语">波斯语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="達利語">達利語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="伊朗波斯語">伊朗波斯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="塔吉克语">塔吉克语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%9B%9E%E8%AF%AD" title="回回语">回回语</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="普什图语">普什图语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E8%B7%AF%E6%94%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="俾路支语">俾路支语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="尼泊尔语">尼泊尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达曼语（页面不存在）">达曼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%93%A6%E8%AA%9E" title="科瓦語">科瓦語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="克什米爾語">克什米爾語</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AF%AD" title="梵语">梵语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" title="佛教混合梵文">佛教混合梵语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%A5%E9%A9%AE%E9%80%BB%E8%AF%AD" title="健驮逻语">健驮逻语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="巴利语">巴利语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="斯拉夫语族">斯拉夫语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄罗斯语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%AF%A7%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊寧俄语（页面不存在）">伊寧俄语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%A1%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8C%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="满洲里俄语（页面不存在）">满洲里俄语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄語在中國" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title="Русский язык в Китае"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄語在中國（页面不存在）">外语俄語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Русский язык в Китае"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">Русский язык в Китае</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="乌克兰语">乌克兰语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E7%81%AB%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="吐火罗语">吐火罗语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E7%81%AB%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="吐火罗语">吐火罗语</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9F%E5%85%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="龟兹语">龟兹语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%89%E8%80%86%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="焉耆语（页面不存在）">焉耆语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%8B%E7%A6%84%E8%BF%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跋禄迦语（页面不存在）">跋禄迦语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="楼兰语（页面不存在）">楼兰语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%8F%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="月氏语（页面不存在）">月氏语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%A6%E5%B8%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="车师语（页面不存在）">车师语</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="日耳曼語族">日耳曼語族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD#香港" title="英语">英语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BC%8F%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中式英语">中式英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%BC%8F%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="港式英語">港式英語</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">荷兰语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁语族">拉丁語族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙语">葡萄牙语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%BC%8F%E8%91%A1%E6%96%87" title="澳式葡文">澳式葡文</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">混合语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%9C%9F%E7%94%9F%E8%91%A1%E8%AA%9E" title="澳門土生葡語">澳門土生葡語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8%E8%91%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳门葡语（页面不存在）">澳门葡语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="广州英语（页面不存在）">广州英语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%8B%E6%B3%BE%E6%B5%9C%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="洋泾浜英语">上海洋泾浜英语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E6%B4%8B%E6%B3%BE%E6%B5%9C%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海上洋泾浜英语（页面不存在）">海上洋泾浜英语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%AF%84%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本寄语（页面不存在）">日本寄语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%84%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E8%AA%9E" title="中俄混合語">恰克图语</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8%E6%B4%8B%E6%B3%BE%E6%B5%9C%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈尔滨洋泾浜俄语（页面不存在）">哈尔滨洋泾浜俄语</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B6%E5%B7%9E%E6%B9%BE%E6%B4%8B%E6%B3%BE%E6%B5%9C%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="胶州湾洋泾浜德语">胶州湾洋泾浜德语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">語系不明</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%B7%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="东夷语">东夷语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="匈奴语">匈奴语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%AF#語言" title="羯">羯語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E4%BA%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="匈人语">匈人语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%9B%B6" title="丁零">丁零语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92" title="敕勒">敕勒语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="辅助语言">辅助语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="手語">手語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="手語">手語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="中國手語">中國手語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国北方手语（页面不存在）">北方手语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国南方手语（页面不存在）">南方手语</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="香港手語">香港手語</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="台灣手語">台灣手語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="藏语手语">藏语手语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E5%AF%AB%E6%B3%95" title="手語拼寫法">手语字母</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汉语手指字母（页面不存在）">汉语手指字母</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维吾尔语手指语（页面不存在）">维吾尔语手指语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朝鲜语手指语（页面不存在）">朝鲜语手指语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藏文手指字母（页面不存在）">藏文手指字母</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%AF%AD#外语教学与能力" title="外语">外語教學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E6%8B%9B%E7%94%9F%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95#外语" title="普通高等学校招生全国统一考试">作爲中国大陸高考科目的外語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2#中国大陆的英語教育" title="語言教育">英語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄語在中國" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title="Русский язык в Китае"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄語在中國（页面不存在）">俄語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Русский язык в Китае"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">Русский язык в Китае</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E5%A4%96%E8%AF%AD%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6" title="汉语作为外语教学">對外華語文教育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap">註：<span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E8%B7%A1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="絕跡語言">絕跡語言</a></span>（<span style="display:inline; border:1px solid grey; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;">中国境内绝迹语言</span>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;">极危语言</span>（<span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;">中国境内极危语言</span>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid blue; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;">可能存在于中国境内的语言</span></span><br /><span class="nowrap">參見：<a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="Template:中华民族">中國境內的民族和族群一覽（按語言系屬分類）</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7" title="中國漢語方言保護">中國漢語方言保護</a></span><br />关于港澳地区的语言，参见：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87" title="香港語文">香港語文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80#語言文字" title="澳門">澳门语言</a><br />关于台澎金马的语言，参见：<a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Template:臺灣語言">台湾语言</a><br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=&#124;class=notpageimage_越南语言" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Template:越南语言"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:越南语言（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:越南语言"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=&#124;class=notpageimage_越南语言" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/22px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/33px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/44px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">语言</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">官方语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">越南语</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD)" class="mw-redirect" title="北部方言 (越南语)">北部</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="清化方言" data-lang-code="vi" data-lang-name="越南语" data-foreign-title="Phương ngữ Thanh Hóa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="清化方言（页面不存在）">清化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">越南语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_ng%E1%BB%AF_Thanh_H%C3%B3a" class="extiw" title="vi:Phương ngữ Thanh Hóa"><span lang="vi" dir="auto">Phương ngữ Thanh Hóa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中部方言 (越南语)（页面不存在）">中部</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南部方言 (越南语)" data-lang-code="vi" data-lang-name="越南语" data-foreign-title="Phương ngữ Nam Bộ (tiếng Việt)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南部方言 (越南语)（页面不存在）">南部</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">越南语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_ng%E1%BB%AF_Nam_B%E1%BB%99_(ti%E1%BA%BFng_Vi%E1%BB%87t)" class="extiw" title="vi:Phương ngữ Nam Bộ (tiếng Việt)"><span lang="vi" dir="auto">Phương ngữ Nam Bộ (tiếng Việt)</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">本地语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="南亚语系">南亚语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="巴拿語支">巴拿語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%AE%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="遮罗语">遮罗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E8%AF%AD" title="巴拿语">巴拿语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E8%AF%AD_(%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB)" title="戈语 (南亚语系)">戈语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="端语">端语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD" title="哈朗语">哈朗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E8%80%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="赫耶语">赫耶语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="叶语">叶语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E9%A1%BB%E8%AF%AD" title="歌须语">歌须语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E5%BA%B8%E8%AF%AD" title="歌庸语">歌庸语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%B4%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="格贺语">格贺语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%B4%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="格贺语">麻语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E4%BE%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="莫侬语">莫侬语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%95%96%E8%AF%AD" title="卢敖语">卢敖语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%95%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="色當語">色當語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="斯丁语">斯丁语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="谢古语">谢古语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%85%E8%AA%9E" title="堅語">堅語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="祖查语">祖查语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="戈都语支">戈都语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E8%AF%AD" title="布鲁语">布鲁语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="戈都语">戈都语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%88%88%E8%AF%AD" title="帕戈语">帕戈语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E6%B8%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="达渥语">达渥语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E8%8A%92%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="越芒語支">越芒語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A5%9E%E8%AF%AD" title="阿楞语">阿楞语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E8%AA%9E" title="哲語">哲語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%AF%AD_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97)" title="土语 (越南)">土语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E6%A5%9E%E8%AF%AD" title="麻楞语">麻楞语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E4%BC%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="克里伊语">克里伊语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%92%E8%AA%9E" title="芒語">芒語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%AD" title="源语">源语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%A3%89%E8%AF%AD" title="高棉语">高棉语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="莽语">莽语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E6%9E%97%E8%AF%AD" title="广林语">广林语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E8%AF%AD" title="抗语">抗语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="南島語系">南島語系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E8%AA%9E" title="占語">占語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E9%B2%81%E8%AF%AD" title="朱鲁语">朱鲁语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E8%8E%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="嘉莱语">嘉莱语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%9C%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="埃地语">埃地语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E8%8E%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="拉格莱语">拉格莱语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="苗瑶语系">苗瑶语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E5%B7%9D%E9%BB%94%E6%BB%87%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语川黔滇次方言">赫蒙语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%89%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="勉方言">优勉语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD" title="麻标语">麻标语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="那苗语">那苗语</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">巴哼语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="汉藏语系">汉藏语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A6%E5%BB%89%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="钦廉片">钦廉片</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%92%E8%A1%97%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1" title="芒街白話">芒街白話</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E7%94%B1%E8%A9%B1" title="山由話">山由話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="广府片">广府片</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%99%BD%E8%AF%9D" title="越南白话">越南白话</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客家话</a>（<a href="/wiki/%F0%A0%8A%8E%E8%A9%B1" title="𠊎話">𠊎话</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="潮州话">潮州话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E6%BC%B3%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="泉漳話">泉漳话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="西南官话">西南官话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="阿卡语">阿卡语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="哈尼语">哈尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%BD%99%E8%AF%AD" title="拉余语">拉余语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E8%80%86%E8%AF%AD" title="模耆语">红倮倮语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E4%BE%97%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="壮侗语系">壯侗语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%AC%84%E8%AA%9E" title="高欄語">高栏语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="恩語">𣗼語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="仡佬语">仡佬语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉基语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lachi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E8%AA%9E" title="拉基語">拉基语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Lachi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lachi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉哈语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laha language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%93%88%E8%AA%9E" title="拉哈語">拉哈语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laha_language" class="extiw" title="en:Laha language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laha language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%82%E8%AA%9E" title="儂語">儂語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD" title="普标语">普标语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%88%AC%E8%AA%9E" title="沙爬語">沙爬語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E4%BA%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="傣亮语">傣亮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E6%8B%85%E8%AF%AD" title="傣担语">傣担语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E7%AB%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="傣端语">傣端语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E5%BD%A4%E5%82%A3%E8%AA%9E" title="行彤傣語">行彤傣語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E4%BB%82%E8%AA%9E" title="傣仂語">傣仂語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B1%E4%BE%9D%E8%AF%AD" title="岱依语">岱依语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%82%A3%E8%AA%9E" title="德地傣語">德地傣語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9C%E8%80%81%E8%AA%9E" title="卜老語">卜老語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D%E8%AF%AD" title="老挝语">老挝语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主要外语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="越南法语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French language in Vietnam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="越南法语（页面不存在）">法语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language_in_Vietnam" class="extiw" title="en:French language in Vietnam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French language in Vietnam</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><s><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%99%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="西陪语">西陪语</a></s></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="越式英语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vietlish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%8A%E5%BC%8F%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="越式英语（页面不存在）">越式英语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietlish" class="extiw" title="en:Vietlish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vietlish</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="现代标准汉语">标准汉语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="俄語">俄語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="韓語">韓語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="泰语">泰语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="捷克語">捷克語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德語">德語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="印尼语">印尼语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="越南手语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vietnamese sign languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="越南手语（页面不存在）">越南手语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_sign_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Vietnamese sign languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vietnamese sign languages</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="河内手语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hanoi Sign Language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E5%86%85%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河内手语（页面不存在）">河内手语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi_Sign_Language" class="extiw" title="en:Hanoi Sign Language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hanoi Sign Language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海防手语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Haiphong Sign Language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E9%98%B2%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海防手语（页面不存在）">海防手语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiphong_Sign_Language" class="extiw" title="en:Haiphong Sign Language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Haiphong Sign Language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胡志明市手语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E5%BF%97%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%82%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胡志明市手语（页面不存在）">胡志明市手语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Sign_Language" class="extiw" title="en:Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=巴哼语&oldid=74085189">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=巴哼语&oldid=74085189</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" 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