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Termodinamik çevrim - Vikipedi

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İş</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Isı_ve_İş-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Isı ve İş alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Isı_ve_İş-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Çevrim_noktaları" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çevrim_noktaları"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Çevrim noktaları</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çevrim_noktaları-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Güç_çevrimleri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Güç_çevrimleri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Güç çevrimleri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Güç_çevrimleri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isı_pompası_çevrimi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isı_pompası_çevrimi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Isı pompası çevrimi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isı_pompası_çevrimi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ayrıca_bakınız" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ayrıca_bakınız"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ayrıca bakınız</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ayrıca_bakınız-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Termodinamik çevrim</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 42 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="دورة تحريك حراري - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دورة تحريك حراري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamik_d%C3%B6vr%C9%99" title="Termodinamik dövrə - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Termodinamik dövrə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Тэрмадынамічныя цыклы - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэрмадынамічныя цыклы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="তাপগতি চক্র - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাপগতি চক্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicle_termodin%C3%A0mic" title="Cicle termodinàmic - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cicle termodinàmic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamick%C3%BD_cyklus" title="Termodynamický cyklus - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Termodynamický cyklus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamisk_kredsproces" title="Termodynamisk kredsproces - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Termodynamisk kredsproces" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamischer_Kreisprozess" title="Thermodynamischer Kreisprozess - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thermodynamischer Kreisprozess" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_cycle" title="Thermodynamic cycle - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thermodynamic cycle" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika_ciklo" title="Termodinamika ciklo - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Termodinamika ciklo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclo_termodin%C3%A1mico" title="Ciclo termodinámico - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciclo termodinámico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringprotsess" title="Ringprotsess - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ringprotsess" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="چرخه ترمودینامیکی - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چرخه ترمودینامیکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_thermodynamique" title="Cycle thermodynamique - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cycle thermodynamique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclo_termodin%C3%A1mico" title="Ciclo termodinámico - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ciclo termodinámico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="ऊष्मागतिक चक्र - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऊष्मागतिक चक्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kru%C5%BEni_termodinami%C4%8Dki_proces" title="Kružni termodinamički proces - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kružni termodinamički proces" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamikai_k%C3%B6rfolyamat" title="Termodinamikai körfolyamat - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Termodinamikai körfolyamat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siklus_termodinamika" title="Siklus termodinamika - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Siklus termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamikala_ciklo" title="Termodinamikala ciklo - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Termodinamikala ciklo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclo_termodinamico" title="Ciclo termodinamico - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ciclo termodinamico" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB" title="熱力学サイクル - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="熱力学サイクル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB" title="Термодинамикалық цикл - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Термодинамикалық цикл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99_%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4" title="열역학 사이클 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="열역학 사이클" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamiskais_cikls" title="Termodinamiskais cikls - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Termodinamiskais cikls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kringproces" title="Kringproces - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kringproces" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamisk_syklus" title="Termodynamisk syklus - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Termodynamisk syklus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obieg_termodynamiczny" title="Obieg termodynamiczny - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obieg termodynamiczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DA%89%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترموډینامیکي دوران - Peştuca" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ترموډینامیکي دوران" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Peştuca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclo_termodin%C3%A2mico" title="Ciclo termodinâmico - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ciclo termodinâmico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclu_termodinamic" title="Ciclu termodinamic - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ciclu termodinamic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Термодинамические циклы - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Термодинамические циклы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_cycle" title="Thermodynamic cycle - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thermodynamic cycle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepeln%C3%BD_obeh" title="Tepelný obeh - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tepelný obeh" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kro%C5%BEna_sprememba" title="Krožna sprememba - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Krožna sprememba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamisk_cykel" title="Termodynamisk cykel - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Termodynamisk cykel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB" title="Термодинамічний цикл - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Термодинамічний цикл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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title="Termodinamik">Termodinamik</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="display:block;margin:0.3em 0 0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Carnot_heat_engine" title="Carnot heat engine"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg/220px-Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg/330px-Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg/440px-Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="370" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Klasik <a href="/wiki/Carnot_%C4%B1s%C4%B1_makinesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnot ısı makinesi">Carnot ısı makinesi</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;">Dallar</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32637355">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamik" title="Termodinamik">Klasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0statistiksel_mekanik" title="İstatistiksel mekanik">İstatistiksel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimyasal_termodinamik" title="Kimyasal termodinamik">Kimyasal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuantum_termodinami%C4%9Fi" title="Kuantum termodinamiği">Kuantum termodinamiği</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denge_termodinami%C4%9Fi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Denge termodinamiği (sayfa mevcut değil)">Denge</a>&#160;/ <a href="/wiki/Dengesizlik_termodinami%C4%9Fi" title="Dengesizlik termodinamiği">Dengesizlik</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_kanunlar%C4%B1" title="Termodinamik kanunları">Kanunlar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Termodinami%C4%9Fin_s%C4%B1f%C4%B1r%C4%B1nc%C4%B1_kanunu" class="mw-redirect" title="Termodinamiğin sıfırıncı kanunu">Sıfırıncı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinami%C4%9Fin_birinci_kanunu" class="mw-redirect" title="Termodinamiğin birinci kanunu">Birinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinami%C4%9Fin_ikinci_kanunu" class="mw-redirect" title="Termodinamiğin ikinci kanunu">İkinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinami%C4%9Fin_%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCnc%C3%BC_kanunu" title="Termodinamiğin üçüncü kanunu">Üçüncü</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_sistem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamik sistem (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sistemler</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapal%C4%B1_sistem" title="Kapalı sistem">Kapalı sistem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0zole_sistem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="İzole sistem (sayfa mevcut değil)">İzole sistem</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33092931"><table class="sidebar nomobile" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_durum" title="Termodinamik durum">Durum</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A2l_denklemi" title="Hâl denklemi">Hâl denklemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0deal_gaz" title="İdeal gaz">İdeal gaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ger%C3%A7ek_gaz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerçek gaz (sayfa mevcut değil)">Gerçek gaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddenin_h%C3%A2lleri" title="Maddenin hâlleri">Maddenin hâlleri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faz_(madde)" title="Faz (madde)">Faz (madde)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_denge" title="Termodinamik denge">Denge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontrol_hacmi" title="Kontrol hacmi">Kontrol hacmi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_enstr%C3%BCmanlar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamik enstrümanlar (sayfa mevcut değil)">Enstrümanlar</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7ler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamik süreçler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Süreçler</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0zobarik_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="İzobarik süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">İzobarik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zokorik_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7" title="İzokorik süreç">İzokorik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0zotermal_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="İzotermal süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">İzotermal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adyabatik_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adyabatik süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">Adyabatik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0zentropik_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="İzentropik süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">İzentropik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0zentalpik_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="İzentalpik süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">İzentalpik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuazi-statik_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuazi-statik süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kuazi-statik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politropik_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Politropik süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">Politropik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbest_geni%C5%9Fleme" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbest genişleme">Serbest genişleme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersinir_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tersinir süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">Tersinirlik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersinmez_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tersinmez süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">Tersinmezlik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endotersinir_termodinamik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Endotersinir termodinamik (sayfa mevcut değil)">Endotersinirlik</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Çevrimler</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Is%C4%B1_motoru" title="Isı motoru">Isı motorları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So%C4%9Futma_%C3%A7evrimi" title="Soğutma çevrimi">Isı pompaları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Is%C4%B1l_verim" title="Isıl verim">Isıl verim</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_%C3%B6zellikler_listesi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamik özellikler listesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sistem özellikleri</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="font-size:90%;padding-bottom:0.2em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Not: <a href="/w/index.php?title=E%C5%9Flenik_de%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fkenler_(termodinamik)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eşlenik değişkenler (termodinamik) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Eşlenik değişkenler</a> <i>italik</i> yazılmıştır.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33092931"><table class="sidebar nomobile" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;margin-top:0.4em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.7em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_diyagramlar%C4%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamik diyagramları (sayfa mevcut değil)">Özellik diyagramları</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye%C4%9Fin_ve_yayg%C4%B1n_%C3%B6zellikler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yeğin ve yaygın özellikler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Yeğin ve yaygın özellikler</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCre%C3%A7_fonksiyonu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Süreç fonksiyonu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Süreç fonksiyonları</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.7em;;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0%C5%9F_(termodinamik)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="İş (termodinamik) (sayfa mevcut değil)">İş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Is%C4%B1" title="Isı">Isı</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Durum_fonksiyonu" title="Durum fonksiyonu">Hâl fonksiyonları</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.7em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_s%C4%B1cakl%C4%B1k" class="mw-redirect" title="Termodinamik sıcaklık">Sıcaklık</a>&#160;/ <i><a href="/wiki/Entropi" title="Entropi">Entropi</a></i>&#160;(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropiye_giri%C5%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropiye giriş (sayfa mevcut değil)">giriş</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas%C4%B1n%C3%A7" title="Basınç">Basınç</a>&#160;/ <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hacim_(termodinamik)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hacim (termodinamik) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Hacim</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimyasal_potansiyel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimyasal potansiyel (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kimyasal potansiyel</a>&#160;/ <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1k_say%C4%B1s%C4%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parçacık sayısı (sayfa mevcut değil)">Parçacık sayısı</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buhar_kalitesi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Buhar kalitesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Buhar kalitesi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0ndirgenmi%C5%9F_%C3%B6zellik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="İndirgenmiş özellik (sayfa mevcut değil)">İndirgenmiş özellik</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malzeme_%C3%B6zelli%C4%9Fi_(termodinamik)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Malzeme özelliği (termodinamik) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Malzeme özellikleri</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saf_maddeler_i%C3%A7in_termodinamik_veritabanlar%C4%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Saf maddeler için termodinamik veritabanları (sayfa mevcut değil)">Özellik veritabanları</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;margin-top:0.4em;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;"> <table> <tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/Is%C4%B1_s%C4%B1%C4%9Fas%C4%B1" title="Isı sığası">Isı sığası</a>&#160;</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c=}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c=}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/891d40a9b18752b04065caee655d008b3ec11428" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.46ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c=}"></span></td> <td><table><tbody><tr><td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"></span></td><td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial S}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;<!-- ∂ --></mi> <mi>S</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial S}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c609f4d3c5692ea4495479ef47594dc67f9fa464" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.817ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial S}"></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-top:solid 1px black;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>N</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5e3890c981ae85503089652feb48b191b57aae3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N}"></span></td><td style="border-top:solid 1px black;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;<!-- ∂ --></mi> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/504aa558fff3d00d10b03cadb1085cb0b7bdc631" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.954ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial T}"></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:right"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%B1k%C4%B1%C5%9Ft%C4%B1r%C4%B1labilirlik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sıkıştırılabilirlik (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sıkıştırılabilirlik</a>&#160;</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta =-}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x03B2;<!-- β --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta =-}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b01c042bf1456bd4d2a8caed1f4912820a7ecbb3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.239ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta =-}"></span></td> <td><table><tbody><tr><td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/92d98b82a3778f043108d4e20960a9193df57cbf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.162ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1}"></span></td><td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;<!-- ∂ --></mi> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0cecdd9d069fa84159940068fc11a91b6b3b9ee4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.105ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial V}"></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-top:solid 1px black;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}"></span></td><td style="border-top:solid 1px black;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;<!-- ∂ --></mi> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ebc4a48eb2412f08b54fe438b5139c88f9cfa372" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.487ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial p}"></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/Genle%C5%9Fme" title="Genleşme">Genleşme</a>&#160;</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha =}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x03B1;<!-- α --></mi> <mo>=</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha =}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a92d4583d351f08c1c70985f0c843b2fff1b01e7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.941ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha =}"></span></td> <td><table><tbody><tr><td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/92d98b82a3778f043108d4e20960a9193df57cbf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.162ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1}"></span></td><td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;<!-- ∂ --></mi> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0cecdd9d069fa84159940068fc11a91b6b3b9ee4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.105ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial V}"></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-top:solid 1px black;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}"></span></td><td style="border-top:solid 1px black;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;<!-- ∂ --></mi> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/504aa558fff3d00d10b03cadb1085cb0b7bdc631" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.954ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial T}"></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> </tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_denklemler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamik denklemler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Denklemler</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnot_teoremi_(termodinamik)" title="Carnot teoremi (termodinamik)">Carnot teoremi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clausius_teoremi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Clausius teoremi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Clausius teoremi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temel_termodinamik_ili%C5%9Fki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Temel termodinamik ilişki (sayfa mevcut değil)">Temel ilişki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0deal_gaz_yasas%C4%B1" title="İdeal gaz yasası">İdeal gaz yasası</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_ili%C5%9Fkileri" title="Maxwell ilişkileri">Maxwell ilişkileri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ift_tarafl%C4%B1_Onsager_ba%C4%9F%C4%B1nt%C4%B1lar%C4%B1" title="Çift taraflı Onsager bağıntıları">Çift taraflı Onsager bağıntıları</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridgman_termodinamik_denklemleri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridgman termodinamik denklemleri (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bridgman denklemleri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_denklemler_tablosu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamik denklemler tablosu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Termodinamik denklemler tablosu</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_potansiyel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamik potansiyel (sayfa mevcut değil)">Potansiyeller</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_serbest_enerji" title="Termodinamik serbest enerji">Serbest enerji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbest_entropi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Serbest entropi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Serbest entropi</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="plainlist" style=""><ul><li style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.6em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C3%A7_enerji" title="İç enerji">İç enerji</a><br /><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U(S,V)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U(S,V)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/921f33f9c6551562ec836007b035c2de6323d2d6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.912ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U(S,V)}"></span></li><li style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.6em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Entalpi" title="Entalpi">Entalpi</a><br /><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H(S,p)=U+pV}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H(S,p)=U+pV}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6407d78e5f39d07f70e2414a92e08e2e068519f3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.254ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H(S,p)=U+pV}"></span></li><li style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.6em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmholtz_serbest_enerjisi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmholtz serbest enerjisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Helmholtz serbest enerjisi</a><br /><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A(T,V)=U-TS}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mi>T</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A(T,V)=U-TS}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5e93692f031ba6484d82731c54db83a69daed3f0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.867ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A(T,V)=U-TS}"></span></li><li style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.6em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Gibbs_serbest_enerjisi" title="Gibbs serbest enerjisi">Gibbs serbest enerjisi</a><br /><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G(T,p)=H-TS}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mi>T</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G(T,p)=H-TS}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8dd7a8f0b8ae04963da133e3b202432e1b6caed4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.614ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G(T,p)=H-TS}"></span></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><div class="hlist hlist-separated" style="display:inline-block;"><ul><li>Tarih</li><li>Kültür</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33092931"><table class="sidebar nomobile" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> Tarih</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_tarihi" title="Termodinamik tarihi">Genel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropi_tarihi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropi tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Entropi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaz_yasalar%C4%B1" title="Gaz yasaları">Gaz yasaları</a></li></ul> </div> 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href="/wiki/Brownian_ratchet" title="Brownian ratchet">Brownian ratchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell%27in_Cini" title="Maxwell&#39;in Cini">Maxwell'in Cini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Is%C4%B1_%C3%B6l%C3%BCm%C3%BC_paradoksu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Isı ölümü paradoksu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Isı ölümü paradoksu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loschmidt_paradoksu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Loschmidt paradoksu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Loschmidt paradoksu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinerjetik_(Haken)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinerjetik (Haken) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sinerjetik</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> Teoriler</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalorik_teorisi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalorik teorisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kalorik teorisi</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vis_viva&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vis viva (sayfa mevcut değil)"><i>Vis viva</i> <span style="font-size:90%;">("yaşam gücü")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Is%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_mekanik_e%C5%9Fde%C4%9Feri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Isının mekanik eşdeğeri (sayfa mevcut değil)">Isının mekanik eşdeğeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BC%C3%A7_(fizik)" title="Güç (fizik)">Tahrik gücü</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizikteki_%C3%B6nemli_yay%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1n_litesi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fizikteki önemli yayınların litesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Temel yayınlar</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;">"<a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Experimental_Enquiry_Concerning_the_Source_of_the_Heat_which_is_Excited_by_Friction&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="An Experimental Enquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction (sayfa mevcut değil)">An Experimental Enquiry<br />Concerning ... Heat</a>"</div></li> <li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;">"<a href="/w/index.php?title=On_the_Equilibrium_of_Heterogeneous_Substances&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances (sayfa mevcut değil)">On the Equilibrium of<br />Heterogeneous Substances</a>"</div></li> <li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;">"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Reflections_on_the_Motive_Power_of_Fire&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire (sayfa mevcut değil)">Reflections on the<br />Motive Power of Fire</a>"</div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> Zaman çizelgeleri</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_ve_istatistiksel_fizik_kronolojisi" title="Termodinamik ve istatistiksel fizik kronolojisi">Termodinamik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Is%C4%B1_makinesi_teknolojisinin_tarih_%C3%A7izelgesi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Isı makinesi teknolojisinin tarih çizelgesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Isı makineleri</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> <div class="hlist hlist-separated" style="display:inline-block;"><ul><li>Sanat</li><li>Eğitim</li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxwell%27in_termodinamik_y%C3%BCzeyi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxwell&#39;in termodinamik yüzeyi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Maxwell'in termodinamik yüzeyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropi_(enerji_da%C4%9F%C4%B1t%C4%B1m%C4%B1)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropi (enerji dağıtımı) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Enerji dağıtımı olarak entropi</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;">Bilim insanları</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bernoulli" title="Daniel Bernoulli">Bernoulli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann" title="Ludwig Boltzmann">Boltzmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot">Carnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Paul_%C3%89mile_Clapeyron" title="Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron">Clapeyron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Clausius" title="Rudolf Clausius">Clausius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Karatodori" title="Konstantin Karatodori">Carathéodory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Duhem" title="Pierre Duhem">Duhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs">Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">von Helmholtz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">Joule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">Maxwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer">von Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Onsager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine">Rankine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Smeaton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Smeaton (sayfa mevcut değil)">Smeaton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Ernst_Stahl&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Ernst Stahl (sayfa mevcut değil)">Stahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson" title="Benjamin Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thomson" title="William Thomson">Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van der Waals</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Waterston&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John James Waterston (sayfa mevcut değil)">Waterston</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;">Diğer</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekirdeklenme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Çekirdeklenme (sayfa mevcut değil)">Çekirdeklenme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96ztoplanma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Öztoplanma (sayfa mevcut değil)">Öztoplanma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96z%C3%B6rg%C3%BCtlenme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Özörgütlenme (sayfa mevcut değil)">Özörgütlenme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCzen_ve_d%C3%BCzensizlik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Düzen ve düzensizlik (sayfa mevcut değil)">Düzen ve düzensizlik</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategori"><img alt="Kategori" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/16px-Symbol_category.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/24px-Symbol_category.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/32px-Symbol_category.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Termodinamik" title="Kategori:Termodinamik">Kategori</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Termodinamik" title="Şablon:Termodinamik"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Termodinamik" title="Şablon tartışma:Termodinamik"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Termodinamik&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Termodinamik çevrim</b>, bir veya daha çok hal değişimi (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Termodinamik_i%C5%9Flemler" title="Kategori:Termodinamik işlemler">termodinamik süreç</a>) gerçekleştiren, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9F" class="mw-disambig" title="İş">iş</a> veya <a href="/wiki/Enerji" title="Enerji">enerji</a> üreterek veya enerjiyi transfer ederek ilk haline dönen bir çalışma akışkanı içeren çevrimlerdir. Tabloda <a href="/wiki/Termodinamik" title="Termodinamik">termodinamik</a> çevrimlerin listesi verilmiştir. </p><p>Kapalı bir çevrim esnasında, sistem başlangıçtaki termodinamik sıcaklık ve basınç durumuna döner. Termodinamik sistemlerde <a href="/wiki/Is%C4%B1" title="Isı">ısı</a> ve <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9F" class="mw-disambig" title="İş">iş</a> gibi tüm çevrim basamakları birbirlerinden bağımsızdır. Başlangıç durumuna dönen sistemlerde termodinamiğin birinci kanununun uygulanışı şöyledir: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta E=E_{out}-E_{in}=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x0394;<!-- Δ --></mi> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta E=E_{out}-E_{in}=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e512f83eb4fe5093851eb433e3353fa1e5ad7ab6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:21.691ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta E=E_{out}-E_{in}=0}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Yukarıda çevrim sonunda sistemin enerjisinde bir değişimi olmadığı ifade edilmiştir. E<sub>in</sub> (E<sub>giriş</sub>), sistemdeki ısı ve iş girişini, E<sub>out</sub> (E<sub>çıkış</sub>), sistemdeki ısı ve iş çıkışını ifade etmektedir. <a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_kanunlar%C4%B1" title="Termodinamik kanunları">Termodinamiğin birinci kanunu</a> aynı zamanda, bir çevrimdeki net ısı girişinin, net iş çıkışına eşit olduğunu söyler. (Isı için Q<sub>giriş</sub> pozitif, Q<sub>çıkış</sub> ise negatif kabul edilir.) </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isı_ve_İş"><span id="Is.C4.B1_ve_.C4.B0.C5.9F"></span>Isı ve İş</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_%C3%A7evrim&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Isı ve İş" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_%C3%A7evrim&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Isı ve İş"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Başlıca termodinamik çevrimler, güç çevrimleri ve ısı pompası çevrimleridir. Güç çevrimlerinde ısı girişi ve mekanik iş çıkışı vardır. Isı pompası çevrimlerinde ise mekanik iş girişi ile düşük sıcaklıktan yüksek sıcaklığa ısı transferi yapılır. Basınç-Hacim (PV) (<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ngilizce" title="İngilizce">İngilizce</a>:&#160;<span class="lang-en" lang="en" dir="ltr">Pressure-Volume</span>) ve Sıcaklık-Entropi diyagramlarında saat yönündeki çevrim güç çevrimine, saat yönünün tersine olan çevrim ise ısı pompası çevrimine işaret eder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Çevrim_noktaları"><span id=".C3.87evrim_noktalar.C4.B1"></span>Çevrim noktaları</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_%C3%A7evrim&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Çevrim noktaları" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_%C3%A7evrim&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Çevrim noktaları"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Stirling_Cycle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Stirling_Cycle.png/200px-Stirling_Cycle.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Stirling_Cycle.png/300px-Stirling_Cycle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Stirling_Cycle.png/400px-Stirling_Cycle.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Termodinamik çevrim noktalarının tasviri.</figcaption></figure> <p>Otto Çevrimi: </p><p>1→2: İzantropik Genişleme: Sabit <a href="/wiki/Entropi" title="Entropi">entropi</a> (s), <a href="/wiki/Bas%C4%B1n%C3%A7" title="Basınç">basınç</a> (P) düşüşü, <a href="/wiki/Hacim" title="Hacim">hacim</a> (v) artışı, <a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1cakl%C4%B1k" title="Sıcaklık">sıcaklık</a> (T) artışı </p><p>2→3: İzokorik Soğuma: Sabit Hacim(v), basınç (P) düşüşü, entropi düşüşü(S), Sıcaklık (T) düşüşü </p><p>3→4: İzantropik Sıkıştırma: Sabit entropi(s), basınç (P) düşüşü, hacim (v) düşüşü, sıcaklık (T) artışı </p><p>4→1: İzokorik Isınma: Sabit hacim (v), basınç (P) artışı, entropi (S) artışı, sıcaklık (T) artışı </p><p>Termodinamk süreçler (prosesler) listesi; </p><p><a href="/wiki/Adyabatik" title="Adyabatik">Adyabatik</a>: çalışma akışkanında ısı ve kütle kaybının veya kazancının olmadığı haldeki süreçtir. Toplam iç enerji değişimi sıfırdır. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0zotermal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="İzotermal (sayfa mevcut değil)">İzotermal</a>: Sıcaklık değişiminin sıfır olduğu haldeki süreçtir. (T=sabit, δT=0) </p><p><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zobarik" title="İzobarik">İzobarik</a>: Basınç değişiminin sıfır olduğu haldeki süreçtir. (P=sabit, δP=0) </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0zokorik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="İzokorik (sayfa mevcut değil)">İzokorik</a>: Hacim değişiminin sıfır olduğu haldeki süreçtir. (V=sabit, δV=0) </p><p><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zentropik" title="İzentropik">İzantropik</a>: Entropi değişiminin sıfır olduğu haldeki süreçtir. (S=sabit, δS=0) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Güç_çevrimleri"><span id="G.C3.BC.C3.A7_.C3.A7evrimleri"></span>Güç çevrimleri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_%C3%A7evrim&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Güç çevrimleri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_%C3%A7evrim&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Güç çevrimleri"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Is%C4%B1_motoru" title="Isı motoru">Isı motoru</a></div> <p>Termodinamik güç çevrimleri <a href="/wiki/Is%C4%B1_motoru" title="Isı motoru">ısı motoru</a> operasyonlarının temelidir. Isı motorları dünyadaki elektrik gücünün önemli bir kısmını sağlarken, motorlu taşıtların çok büyük çoğunluğu da ısı motorlarıyla çalışır. Güç çevrimler iki kategoride incelenebilir: gerçek çevrimler ve ideal çevrimler. Güç çevrimleri kullandıkları ısı motoru tiplerine göre birbirlerinden ayrılırlar. <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C3%A7ten_yanmal%C4%B1_motor" title="İçten yanmalı motor">İçten yanmalı motorlarda</a> en sık rastlanan çevrimler: <a href="/wiki/Otto_%C3%A7evrimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto çevrimi">otto çevrimi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Benzinli_motor" title="Benzinli motor">benzinli motor</a>’da kullanır, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dizel_%C3%A7evrimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dizel çevrimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Dizel çevrimi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dizel_motor" title="Dizel motor">dizel motor</a>’da kullanılır. <a href="/wiki/D%C4%B1%C5%9Ftan_yanmal%C4%B1_motor" title="Dıştan yanmalı motor">Dıştan yanmalı motorlarda</a> ise <a href="/wiki/Brayton_%C3%A7evrimi" title="Brayton çevrimi">Brayton çevrimi</a>; <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrbin_motoru" class="mw-redirect" title="Türbin motoru">türbin motoru</a> kullanır, <a href="/wiki/Rankine_%C3%A7evrimi" title="Rankine çevrimi">Rankine çevrimi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Buhar_t%C3%BCrbini" title="Buhar türbini">buhar türbini</a> kullanır, <a href="/wiki/Stirling_%C3%A7evrimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Stirling çevrimi">Stirling çevrimi</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Ericsson_%C3%A7evrimi" title="Ericsson çevrimi">Ericsson çevrimleri</a>; <a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1cak_hava_motoru" title="Sıcak hava motoru">sıcak hava motoru</a> kullanırlar. </p><p>Örnek, 4 termodinamik süreç (proses) içeren ısı motoru çevriminden (net iş çıkışı) basınç-hacim mekanik iş çıkışı </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\text{(3)}}\qquad W_{net}=W_{1\to 2}+W_{2\to 3}+W_{3\to 4}+W_{4\to 1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>(3)</mtext> </mrow> <mspace width="2em" /> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\text{(3)}}\qquad W_{net}=W_{1\to 2}+W_{2\to 3}+W_{3\to 4}+W_{4\to 1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2f3f321f22817ceb5921863870d28cf786307c40" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:46.861ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\text{(3)}}\qquad W_{net}=W_{1\to 2}+W_{2\to 3}+W_{3\to 4}+W_{4\to 1}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{1\to 2}=\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}P\,dV,\,\,{\text{negatif, sistem &#xFC;zerinde yap&#x131;lan i&#x15F;}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>&#x222B;<!-- ∫ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>negatif, sistem &#xFC;zerinde yap&#x131;lan i&#x15F;</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{1\to 2}=\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}P\,dV,\,\,{\text{negatif, sistem üzerinde yapılan iş}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/44cb6e4c23143185981d0b596f3068f1ec9a288f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:55.016ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{1\to 2}=\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}P\,dV,\,\,{\text{negatif, sistem üzerinde yapılan iş}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{2\to 3}=\int _{V_{2}}^{V_{3}}P\,dV,\,\,{\text{ V2 = V3 is i&#x15F; s&#x131;f&#x131;rd&#x131;r}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>&#x222B;<!-- ∫ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>&#xA0;V2 = V3 is i&#x15F; s&#x131;f&#x131;rd&#x131;r</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{2\to 3}=\int _{V_{2}}^{V_{3}}P\,dV,\,\,{\text{ V2 = V3 is iş sıfırdır}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d49c99c881468263077937422881cbb7f1d874e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:42.043ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{2\to 3}=\int _{V_{2}}^{V_{3}}P\,dV,\,\,{\text{ V2 = V3 is iş sıfırdır}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{3\to 4}=\int _{V_{3}}^{V_{4}}P\,dV,\,\,{\text{pozitif, sistem taraf&#x131;ndan yap&#x131;lan i&#x15F;}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>&#x222B;<!-- ∫ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>pozitif, sistem taraf&#x131;ndan yap&#x131;lan i&#x15F;</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{3\to 4}=\int _{V_{3}}^{V_{4}}P\,dV,\,\,{\text{pozitif, sistem tarafından yapılan iş}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/77a65512a3dc7c33866ef3eb550e41489d5080ab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:56.382ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{3\to 4}=\int _{V_{3}}^{V_{4}}P\,dV,\,\,{\text{pozitif, sistem tarafından yapılan iş}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{4\to 1}=\int _{V_{4}}^{V_{1}}P\,dV,\,\,{\text{ V4 = V1 ise i&#x15F; s&#x131;f&#x131;rd&#x131;r}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>&#x222B;<!-- ∫ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>&#xA0;V4 = V1 ise i&#x15F; s&#x131;f&#x131;rd&#x131;r</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{4\to 1}=\int _{V_{4}}^{V_{1}}P\,dV,\,\,{\text{ V4 = V1 ise iş sıfırdır}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5185e6b485e7cc308bd81c57abf4f489e4fe1051" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:43.075ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{4\to 1}=\int _{V_{4}}^{V_{1}}P\,dV,\,\,{\text{ V4 = V1 ise iş sıfırdır}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Süreç (proses) 4-1 ve 2-3 arasında hacim değişikliği meydana gelmez ise, denklem (3) şu şekilde basitleştirilebilir: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\text{(4)}}\qquad W_{net}=W_{1\to 2}+W_{3\to 4}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>(4)</mtext> </mrow> <mspace width="2em" /> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\text{(4)}}\qquad W_{net}=W_{1\to 2}+W_{3\to 4}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2a7d3885ba201ff8ad899927f9c9f1c3955c3fe2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:29.754ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\text{(4)}}\qquad W_{net}=W_{1\to 2}+W_{3\to 4}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isı_pompası_çevrimi"><span id="Is.C4.B1_pompas.C4.B1_.C3.A7evrimi"></span>Isı pompası çevrimi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_%C3%A7evrim&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Isı pompası çevrimi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_%C3%A7evrim&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Isı pompası çevrimi"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/So%C4%9Futma_%C3%A7evrimi" title="Soğutma çevrimi">Soğutma çevrimi</a></div> <p>Günlük kullanılan ısı pompaları ve buzdolaplarında termodinamik ısı pompası çevrimleri kullanılır. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ayrıca_bakınız"><span id="Ayr.C4.B1ca_bak.C4.B1n.C4.B1z"></span>Ayrıca bakınız</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_%C3%A7evrim&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ayrıca bakınız" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_%C3%A7evrim&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ayrıca bakınız"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entropi" title="Entropi">Entropi</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Termodinamik_çevrimler" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Termodinamik_%C3%A7evrimler" title="Şablon:Termodinamik çevrimler"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Termodinamik_%C3%A7evrimler" title="Şablon tartışma:Termodinamik çevrimler"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Termodinamik_%C3%A7evrimler&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Termodinamik_çevrimler" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_%C3%A7evrimler" class="mw-redirect" title="Termodinamik çevrimler">Termodinamik çevrimler</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/D%C4%B1%C5%9Ftan_yanmal%C4%B1_motor" title="Dıştan yanmalı motor">Dıştan<br />yanmalı / termal</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Faz değişimi olmayan<br />(<a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1cak_hava_motoru" title="Sıcak hava motoru">sıcak hava motorları</a>)</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brayton_%C3%A7evrimi#Geri_yönlü_Brayton_çevrimi" title="Brayton çevrimi">Bell Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brayton_%C3%A7evrimi" title="Brayton çevrimi">Brayton / Joule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnot_%C3%A7evrimi" title="Carnot çevrimi">Carnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ericsson_%C3%A7evrimi" title="Ericsson çevrimi">Ericsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_%C3%A7evrimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Stirling çevrimi">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ps%C3%B6do_Stirling_%C3%A7evrimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Psödo Stirling çevrimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Stirling (psödo / adyabatik)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoddard_%C3%A7evrimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stoddard çevrimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Stoddard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manson_motoru&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Manson motoru (sayfa mevcut değil)">Manson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Faz değişimi olan</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalina_%C3%A7evrimi" title="Kalina çevrimi">Kalina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higroskopik_%C3%A7evrim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Higroskopik çevrim (sayfa mevcut değil)">Higroskopik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankine_%C3%A7evrimi" title="Rankine çevrimi">Rankine</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Organik_Rankine_%C3%A7evrimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Organik Rankine çevrimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Organik Rankine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rejeneratif_so%C4%9Futma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rejeneratif soğutma (sayfa mevcut değil)">Rejeneratif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C3%A7ten_yanmal%C4%B1_motor" title="İçten yanmalı motor">İçten <br />yanmalı / motor</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atkinson_%C3%A7evrimi" title="Atkinson çevrimi">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brayton_%C3%A7evrimi" title="Brayton çevrimi">Brayton / Joule</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diesel_%C3%A7evrimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Diesel çevrimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geni%C5%9Fletme_d%C3%B6ng%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Genişletme döngüsü">Genişletme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_jenerat%C3%B6r%C3%BC_%C3%A7evrimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaz jeneratörü çevrimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Gaz jeneratörü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homojen_dolgulu_kompresyonlu_ate%C5%9Fleme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Homojen dolgulu kompresyonlu ateşleme (sayfa mevcut değil)">Homojen dolgulu kompresyonlu ateşleme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humphrey_%C3%A7evrimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Humphrey çevrimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenoir_%C3%A7evrimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lenoir çevrimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Lenoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miller_%C3%A7evrimi" title="Miller çevrimi">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_%C3%A7evrimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto çevrimi">Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scuderi_%C3%A7evrimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Scuderi çevrimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Scuderi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kademeli_yanma_%C3%A7evrimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kademeli yanma çevrimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kademeli yanma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Karma</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kombine_%C3%A7evrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Kombine çevrim">Kombine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%BCksek_verimli_hibrit_%C3%A7evrim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yüksek verimli hibrit çevrim (sayfa mevcut değil)">HEHC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_%C3%A7evrimli_motor" title="Karma çevrimli motor">Karma / Çift</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/So%C4%9Futma_%C3%A7evrimi" title="Soğutma çevrimi">Soğutma</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampson%E2%80%93Linde_%C3%A7evrimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hampson–Linde çevrimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Hampson–Linde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleemenko_%C3%A7evrimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kleemenko çevrimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kleemenko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darbe_t%C3%BCp%C3%BC_so%C4%9Futucu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Darbe tüpü soğutucu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Darbe tüpü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rejeneratif_so%C4%9Futma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rejeneratif soğutma (sayfa mevcut değil)">Rejeneratif soğutma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transkritik_%C3%A7evrim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Transkritik çevrim (sayfa mevcut değil)">Transkritik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absorbsiyonlu_so%C4%9Futucu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Absorbsiyonlu soğutucu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Buhar absorbsiyonu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buhar_s%C4%B1k%C4%B1%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmal%C4%B1_so%C4%9Futma_%C3%A7evrimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Buhar sıkıştırmalı soğutma çevrimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Buhar sıkıştırmalı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siemens_%C3%A7evrimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siemens çevrimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Siemens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vuilleumier_%C3%A7evrimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vuilleumier çevrimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Vuilleumier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Isı_motorları" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#F0DC82;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Is%C4%B1_motorlar%C4%B1" title="Şablon:Isı motorları"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";background:#F0DC82;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Is%C4%B1_motorlar%C4%B1" title="Şablon tartışma:Isı motorları"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";background:#F0DC82;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Is%C4%B1_motorlar%C4%B1&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";background:#F0DC82;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Isı_motorları" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Is%C4%B1_motoru" title="Isı motoru">Isı motorları</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnot_%C4%B1s%C4%B1_motoru" title="Carnot ısı motoru">Carnot motoru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluidyne_motoru&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluidyne motoru (sayfa mevcut değil)">Fluidyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaz_t%C3%BCrbini" title="Gaz türbini">Gaz türbini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1cak_hava_motoru" title="Sıcak hava motoru">Sıcak hava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_motoru" title="Jet motoru">Jet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minto_tekeri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Minto tekeri (sayfa mevcut değil)">Minto tekeri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foto-Carnot_motoru&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Foto-Carnot motoru (sayfa mevcut değil)">Foto-Carnot motoru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistonlu_motor" title="Pistonlu motor">Piston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pistonsuz_d%C3%B6ner_motor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pistonsuz döner motor (sayfa mevcut değil)">Pistonsuz (döner)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rijke_t%C3%BCp%C3%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rijke tüpü (sayfa mevcut değil)">Rijke tüpü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roket_motoru" title="Roket motoru">Roket</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B6l%C3%BCnm%C3%BC%C5%9F_tek_motor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bölünmüş tek motor (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bölünmüş tek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhar_makinesi" title="Buhar makinesi">Buhar (pistonlu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhar_t%C3%BCrbini" title="Buhar türbini">Buhar türbini</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeolipil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aeolipil (sayfa mevcut değil)">Aeolipil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_motoru" title="Stirling motoru">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termoakustik_%C4%B1s%C4%B1_motoru&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Termoakustik ısı motoru (sayfa mevcut değil)">Termoakustik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manson_motoru&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Manson motoru (sayfa mevcut değil)">Manson motoru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beale_say%C4%B1s%C4%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Beale sayısı (sayfa mevcut değil)">Beale sayısı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_say%C4%B1s%C4%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="West sayısı (sayfa mevcut değil)">West sayısı</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Is%C4%B1_motoru_teknolojisinin_zaman_%C3%A7izelgesi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Isı motoru teknolojisinin zaman çizelgesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Isı motoru teknolojisinin zaman çizelgesi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#F0DC82;"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Termodinamik çevrim</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&amp;#039;de_düzenleyin&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75920&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&amp;#039;de_düzenleyin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&amp;#039;de_düzenleyin&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75920&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&amp;#039;de_düzenleyin" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otorite_kontrol%C3%BC" 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