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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sider for utlogga bidragsytarar <a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Introduksjon" aria-label="Lær meir om redigering"><span>lær meir</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bidraga_mine" title="Liste over endringar gjorde frå denne IP-adressa [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Diskusjonssida_mi" title="Diskusjon om endringar gjorde av denne ip-adressa [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhald" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhald</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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<ul id="toc-Fonologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vokalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Vokalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vokalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsonantar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonantar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Konsonantar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonantar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ortografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ortografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ortografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ortografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merknadar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merknadar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Merknadar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merknadar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjelder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjelder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kjelder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjelder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chinyanja</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 77 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa" title="Chichewa – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Chichewa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa" title="Chichewa – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chichewa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyanja_(sprog)" title="Nyanja (sprog) – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nyanja (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Чевабзэ – kabardisk" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Чевабзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa" title="Chichewa – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chichewa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चेवा भाषा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चेवा भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7" title="لغة الشيشيوا – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة الشيشيوا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_chichewa" title="Idioma chichewa – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma chichewa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheua_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Cheua ñe'ẽ – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Cheua ñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%B1yanca" title="Nıyanca – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nıyanca" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="نییانجا – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نییانجا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Чычэва (мова) – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чычэва (мова)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Нянджа – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нянджа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchitcheweg" title="Tchitcheweg – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tchitcheweg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyanja" title="Nyanja – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nyanja" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ci%C4%8Dev%C5%A1tina" title="Čičevština – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čičevština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilankhulo_cha_Chichewa" title="Chilankhulo cha Chichewa – nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Chilankhulo cha Chichewa" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa" title="Chichewa – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chichewa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa" title="Chichewa – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Chichewa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa" title="Chichewa – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chichewa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njand%C5%BEa_keel" title="Njandža keel – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Njandža keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chewa language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_chichewa" title="Idioma chichewa – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma chichewa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njan%C4%9Da_lingvo" title="Njanĝa lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Njanĝa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txewera" title="Txewera – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txewera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زبان چوایی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان چوایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa_bhasa" title="Chichewa bhasa – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chichewa bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewa" title="Chewa – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chewa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_chichewa" title="Lingua chichewa – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua chichewa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%99%80%EC%96%B4" title="체와어 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체와어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaren_Chewa" title="Yaren Chewa – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yaren Chewa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Chewa" title="Bahasa Chewa – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Chewa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa" title="Chichewa – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Chichewa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_chewa" title="Lingua chewa – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua chewa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igicewa" title="Igicewa – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igicewa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinyanja" title="Kinyanja – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kinyanja" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Ньянджа (кыв) – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ньянджа (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ci%C4%8Deva" title="Čičeva – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čičeva" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cev%C5%B3_kalba" title="Čevų kalba – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čevų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Чевански јазик – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чевански јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ചെവ്വ ഭാഷ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചെവ്വ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90" title="ნიანჯა – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნიანჯა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7" title="لغه الشيشيوا – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه الشيشيوا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="چیچوایی – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چیچوایی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Cewa" title="Bahasa Cewa – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Cewa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyanja_(taal)" title="Nyanja (taal) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nyanja (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="チェワ語 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チェワ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyanja_(Spriik)" title="Nyanja (Spriik) – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nyanja (Spriik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewa" title="Chewa – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chewa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چیوا زبان – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چیوا زبان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%90%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="چېوايي ژبه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چېوايي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Nyanja" title="Lenga Nyanja – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Nyanja" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_czewa" title="Język czewa – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język czewa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_nianja" title="Língua nianja – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua nianja" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa_simi" title="Chichewa simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chichewa simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Ньянджа – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ньянджа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱪᱮᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱮᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewa_leid" title="Chewa leid – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Chewa leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sechichewa" title="Sechichewa – nordsotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sechichewa" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="nordsotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa" title="Chichewa – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Chichewa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lulwimi_lwesiChewa" title="Lulwimi lwesiChewa – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Lulwimi lwesiChewa" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ceva_(jazyk)" title="Čeva (jazyk) – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čeva (jazyk)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Чева (језик) – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чева (језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njand%C5%BEan_kieli" title="Njandžan kieli – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Njandžan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Chewa" title="Wikang Chewa – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Chewa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="நியாஞ்ச மொழி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நியாஞ்ச மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Чева теле – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чева теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87evaca" title="Çevaca – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çevaca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Ньянджа – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ньянджа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چیوا زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چیوا زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_chewa" title="Łéngua chewa – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua chewa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Chewa" title="Tiếng Chewa – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Chewa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%80%BC%E8%8C%84%E8%AF%AD" title="瀼茄语 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="瀼茄语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%87" title="馬拉維文 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬拉維文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ewaki" title="Çewaki – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çewaki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E5%88%87%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="齐切瓦语 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="齐切瓦语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Chewa" title="Bahasa Chewa – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Chewa" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33273#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chinyanja" title="Vis innhaldssida [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Chinyanja&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innhaldssida (sida finst ikkje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Endre språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk nynorsk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div 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class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&action=history"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ålment </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenkjer_hit/Chinyanja" title="Liste over alle wikisidene som har lenkjer hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenkjer hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" width="300px"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="orange"><big><b>Chinyanja</b></big><br /><b>chicheŵa, chewa nyanja</b> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b>Klassifisering</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niger-kongospr%C3%A5k" title="Niger-kongospråk">Niger-kongo</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantiske_kongospr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantiske kongospråk (sida finst ikkje)">Atlantisk</a><br />  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volta-kongo-spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volta-kongo-språk (sida finst ikkje)">Volta-kongo</a><br />   <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benue-kongo-spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benue-kongo-språk (sida finst ikkje)">Benue-kongo</a><br />    <a href="/wiki/Bantuspr%C3%A5k" title="Bantuspråk">Bantu</a><br />     Sørlege<br />      Eigentlege bantu<br />       Sentrale<br />        Nordlege<br />         <a href="/wiki/Chichewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chichewa">Chichewa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="orange"><b>Bruk</b> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b>Tala i</b> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik">Mosambik</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b>Chinyanjatalande i alt</b> </td> <td colspan="2">9,3 millionar </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="orange"><b>Språkkodar</b> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639-1</a></b> </td> <td colspan="2">ny </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639-2</a></b> </td> <td colspan="2">nya </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639-3</a></b> </td> <td colspan="2">nya </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" bgcolor="orange"><b><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ny:">Wikipedia på chinyanja</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chinyanja</b> eller <b>chichewa</b> er eit sørleg <a href="/wiki/Bantuspr%C3%A5k" title="Bantuspråk">bantuspråk</a> som har rundt 9,3 millionar talarar. Det er <a href="/wiki/Offisielt_spr%C3%A5k" title="Offisielt språk">offisielt språk</a> i <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> og blir også snakka i <a href="/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik">Mosambik</a> og delvis i <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> og <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>. Chinyanja er det mest utbreidde språket i Malawi, der det særleg blir tala i sentrale og sørlege område.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nominalklasse" title="Nominalklasse">Nominalklassen</a> <i>chi-</i> blir brukt som forstaving for språk.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I Malawi blei namnet på språket offisielt endra frå «chinyanja» til «chichewa» i 1968 på ordre frå president <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hastings_Banda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hastings Banda (sida finst ikkje)">Hastings Kamuzu Banda</a> (som var av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chewafolk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chewafolk (sida finst ikkje)">chewafolket</a>), og dette er framleis det vanlegaste namnet brukt i Malawi i dag.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I Zambia er språket vanlegvis kjend som nyanja eller <i lang="ny" title="chichewa-språkleg tekst">«cinyanja»/«chinyanja»</i> '[språket] frå sjøen', som viser til <a href="/wiki/Malawisj%C3%B8en" title="Malawisjøen">Malawisjøen</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Språknamnet blir skrive <i lang="ny" title="chichewa-språkleg tekst">«cinianja»</i> i Mosambik. </p><p>Chinyanja er eit bantuspråk i <a href="/wiki/Guthrie-nummer" title="Guthrie-nummer">sone N</a> (N31). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonologi">Fonologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Fonologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fonologi"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vokalar">Vokalar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Vokalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Vokalar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chewa har fire vokallydar, <span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA" style="font-family:DejaVu Sans, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, MV Boli, MS Mincho, Arial, sans-serif; text-decoration:none!important">/a, ɛ, i, ɔ, u/</span>. Desse blir skrivne <i>a</i>, <i>e</i>, <i>i</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm/220px--WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="125" data-durationhint="180" data-mwtitle="WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fil:WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="848" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1080" data-height="612" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="424" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="636" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="636" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Ein mann som snakkar ein zambisk variant av chinyanja.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konsonantar">Konsonantar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Konsonantar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Konsonantar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Konsonantar i chinyanja kan vera enkle (dvs. følgd av ein vokal), labialiserte (følgd av <i>w</i>) eller palataliserte (følgd av eller kombinert med <i>y</i>): </p> <ul><li><i>ba</i>, <i>kha</i>, <i>ga</i>, <i>fa</i>, <i>ma</i>, <i>sa</i> etc.</li> <li><i>bwa</i>, <i>khwa</i>, <i>gwa</i>, <i>fwa</i>, <i>mwa</i>, <i>swa</i> etc.</li> <li><i>bza</i>, <i>khya</i>, <i>ja</i>, <i>fya</i>, <i>nya</i>, <i>sha</i> etc.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ortografi">Ortografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Ortografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ortografi"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chinyanja blir skrive med litt ulik ortografi i Mosambik og dei andre landa. Ortografien bruker <a href="/wiki/Det_latinske_alfabetet" title="Det latinske alfabetet">det latinske alfabetet</a>, med ein tilleggsbokstav, <i>ŵ</i>, som blir brukt for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilabial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilabial (sida finst ikkje)">bilabial</a> <a href="/wiki/Frikativ" title="Frikativ">frikativ</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Merknadar">Merknadar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Merknadar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Merknadar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3318915">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Som <i>ki-</i> i <i><a href="/wiki/Swahili" title="Swahili">kiswahili</a></i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjelder">Kjelder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Endre bolk: Kjelder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjelder"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><i>Denne artikkelen bygger på «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewa_language" class="extiw" title="en:Chewa language">Chewa language</a>» frå <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a>, den 14. april 2020.</i></li></ul> </div> <div class="references-small"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mchombo (2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kishindo (2001), s. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">For stavinga chinyanja sjå Lehmann (1977). Begge stavemåtane er i bruk i Zambia Daily Mail.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li>Atkins, Guy (1950) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156786">"Suggestions for an Amended Spelling and Word Division of Nyanja"</a> <i>Africa: Journal of the International African Institute</i>, Vol. 20, No. 3</li> <li>Batteen, C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vanhise.lss.wisc.edu/ling/files/ling_old_web/lso/wpl/6/batteen.pdf">"Syntactic Constraints in Chichewa/English code-switching."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090819/http://vanhise.lss.wisc.edu/ling/files/ling_old_web/lso/wpl/6/batteen.pdf">Arkivert</a> 2016-03-04 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Corbett, G.G.; Al D. Mtenje (1987) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Greville_Corbett/publication/277806727_Gender_agreement_in_Chichewa/links/57feb09008aeaf819a5c3349.pdf">"Gender Agreement in Chichewa"</a>. <i>Studies in African Linguistics</i> Vol 18, No. 1.</li> <li>Downing, Laura J.; Al D. Mtenje (2017). <i>The Phonology of Chichewa</i>. Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Goodson, Andrew, (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chichewadictionary.org/media/Goodson-Saliminis_Chichewa_2011-05-11.pdf"><i>Salimini's Chichewa</i></a> In Paas, Steven (2011). <i>Johannes Rebmann: A Servant of God in Africa before the Rise of Western Colonialism</i>, pp. 239–50.</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Gray, Andrew; Lubasi, Brighton; Bwalya, Phallen (2013). <i>Town Nyanja: a learner's guide to Zambia's emerging national language</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AChinyanja&rft.au=Bwalya%2C+Phallen&rft.au=Lubasi%2C+Brighton&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.btitle=Town+Nyanja%3A+a+learner%27s+guide+to+Zambia%27s+emerging+national+language&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hetherwick, Alexander (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mWsVAAAAYAAJ"><i>A Practical Manual of the Nyanja Language ...</i></a> Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AChinyanja&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.aulast=Hetherwick&rft.btitle=A+Practical+Manual+of+the+Nyanja+Language+...&rft.date=1907&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Society+for+Promoting+Christian+Knowledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmWsVAAAAYAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Henry, George, (1904). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xjY-AAAAYAAJ">A grammar of Chinyanja, a language spoken in British Central Africa, on and near the shores of Lake Nyasa</a>.</i></li> <li>Hullquist, C.G. (1988). <i>Simply Chichewa</i>.</li> <li>Hyman, Larry M. & Sam Mchombo (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/BLS/article/viewFile/1579/1354">"Morphotactic Constraints in the Chichewa Verb Stem"</a>. Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on The Place of Morphology in a Grammar (1992), pp. 350–364.</li> <li>Hyman, Larry M. & Al D. Mtenje (1999a). "Prosodic Morphology and tone: the case of Chichewa" in René Kager, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_van_der_Hulst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry van der Hulst (sida finst ikkje)">Harry van der Hulst</a> and Wim Zonneveld (eds.) <i>The Prosody-Morphology Interface</i>. Cambridge University Press, 90-133.</li> <li>Hyman, Larry M. & Al D. Mtenje (1999b). 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(1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083351/http://www.caldi.uct.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Mtenje_thesis_web_p1-184.pdf"><i>Issues in the Non-Linear Phonology of Chichewa</i> part 1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092107/http://www.caldi.uct.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Mtenje_thesis_web_p184-end.pdf"><i>Issues in the Non-Linear Phonology of Chichewa</i> part 2</a>. PhD Thesis, University College, London.</li> <li>Mtenje, Al D. (1987). "Tone Shift Principles in the Chichewa Verb: A Case for a Tone Lexicon", <i>Lingua</i> 72, 169-207.</li> <li>Newitt, M.D.D. (1982) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/182054">"The Early History of the Maravi"</a>. <i>The Journal of African History</i>, vol 23, no. 2, pp. 145–162.</li> <li>Paas, Steven, (2016). <i>Oxford Chichewa–English, English–Chichewa Dictionary</i>. 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Henta <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AChinyanja&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.aulast=Riddel&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+the+Chinyanja+Language+as+Spoken+at+Lake+Nyassa%3A+With+Chinyanja%93English+and+English%93Chinyanja+Vocabularies&rft.date=1880&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=J.+Maclaren+%26+Son&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh8ExAQAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Salaun, N. (1993) [1978]. <i>Chicheŵa Intensive Course</i>. 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(For recordings, see External links below.)</li> <li>Simango, Silvester Ron (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080910035724/http://www.multilingual-matters.net/jmmd/021/0487/jmmd0210487.pdf">"'My Madam is Fine': The Adaptation of English loanwords in Chichewa"</a>. <i>Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development</i>, vol 12, no. 6.</li> <li><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Stevick" class="extiw" title="simple:Earl Stevick">Stevick, Earl</a> et al. (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307012900/https://fsi-languages.yojik.eu/languages/Chinyanja/Fsi-ChinyanjaBasicCourse-StudentText.pdf"><i>Chinyanja Basic Course</i></a>. Foreign Service Institute, Washington, D.C. (Recordings of this are available on the internet.)</li> <li>Wade-Lewis, Margaret (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/haa/summary/v001/1.wade-lewis.html">"Mark Hanna Watkins"</a>. <i>Histories of Anthropology Annual</i>, vol 1, pp. 181–218.</li> <li>Watkins, Mark Hanna (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/522167"><i>A Grammar of Chichewa: A Bantu Language of British Central Africa</i></a>, <i>Language</i>, Vol. 13, No. 2, Language Dissertation No. 24 (Apr.-Jun., 1937), pp. 5–158.</li> <li>Woodward, M.E., (1895). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/avocabularyengl00rgoog">A vocabulary of English–Chinyanja and Chinyanja–English as spoken at Likoma, Lake Nyasa</a>.</i> Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinyanja&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/15px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/23px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> på <b><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ny:">chinyanja</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/ChewaNyanja">PanAfrLoc om Chichewa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/nyj.htm">Menneskerettserklæringa på chinyanja</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Litteratur</dt></dl> <ul><li>Paas, Steven, 2012. 3. utg. <i>Dictionary / Mtanthauziramawu. English – Chichewa / Chinyanja // Chichewa / Chinyanja – English.</i> VTR Publications. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9783941750876" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-941750-87-6</a></li> <li>Mchombo, Sam, 2004. <i>The Syntax of Chichewa.</i> Cambridge Syntax Guides</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hetherwick, Alexander (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=mWsVAAAAYAAJ"><i>A Practical Manual of the Nyanja Language ...</i></a> Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AChinyanja&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.aulast=Hetherwick&rft.btitle=A+Practical+Manual+of+the+Nyanja+Language+...&rft.date=1907&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Society+for+Promoting+Christian+Knowledge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmWsVAAAAYAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Henry, George, 1904. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=xjY-AAAAYAAJ">A grammar of Chinyanja, a language spoken in British Central Africa, on and near the shores of Lake Nyasa</a>.</i></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Laws, Robert (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1gsUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1"><i>An English-Nyanja dictionary of the Nyanja language spoken in British Central Africa</i></a>. J. Thin. s. 1–<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AChinyanja&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Laws&rft.btitle=An+English-Nyanja+dictionary+of+the+Nyanja+language+spoken+in+British+Central+Africa&rft.date=1894&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=1-&rft.pub=J.+Thin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1gsUAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Rebman, John; Church Missionary Society (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=VIIOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA65"><i>Dictionary of the Kiniassa language</i></a>. Gregg. s. 65–<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AChinyanja&rft.au=Church+Missionary+Society&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Rebman&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+the+Kiniassa+language&rft.date=1877&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=65-&rft.pub=Gregg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVIIOAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA65&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Riddel, Alexander (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=h8ExAQAAMAAJ"><i>A Grammar of the Chinyanja Language as Spoken at Lake Nyassa: With Chinyanja-English and English-Chinyanja Vocabularies</i></a>. J. Maclaren & Son<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AChinyanja&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.aulast=Riddel&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+the+Chinyanja+Language+as+Spoken+at+Lake+Nyassa%3A+With+Chinyanja-English+and+English-Chinyanja+Vocabularies&rft.date=1880&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=J.+Maclaren+%26+Son&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh8ExAQAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Woodward, M. E., 1895. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=vIEOAAAAYAAJ">A vocabulary of English-Chinyanja and Chinyanja-English as spoken at Likoma, Lake Nyasa</a>.</i> Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.</li> <li>Missionários da Companhia de Jesus 1963. <i>Dicionário Cinyanja-Português</i>. Junta de Investigaçôes do Ultramar.<div class="spire" style="clear: both;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Globe_of_letters.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Spire"><img alt="Spire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Globe_of_letters.png/20px-Globe_of_letters.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Globe_of_letters.png/30px-Globe_of_letters.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Globe_of_letters.png/40px-Globe_of_letters.png 2x" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="116" /></a></span> Denne <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5kspirer" title="Kategori:Språkspirer">språkartikkelen</a> er ei <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spire" title="Wikipedia:Spire">spire</a></b>. 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