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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions_with_special_time_regulations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions_with_special_time_regulations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Regions with special time regulations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regions_with_special_time_regulations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regions with special time regulations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regions_with_special_time_regulations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Xinjiang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xinjiang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Xinjiang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xinjiang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong_and_Macau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong_and_Macau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hong Kong and Macau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong_and_Macau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IANA_time_zone_database" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IANA_time_zone_database"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>IANA time zone database</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-IANA_time_zone_database-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle IANA time zone database subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-IANA_time_zone_database-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Backward_compatibility_zone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backward_compatibility_zone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Backward compatibility zone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backward_compatibility_zone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Time in China</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Standaardtyd" title="Chinese Standaardtyd – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chinese Standaardtyd" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86" title="التوقيت في الصين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التوقيت في الصين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesetzliche_Zeit_in_China" title="Gesetzliche Zeit in China – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gesetzliche Zeit in China" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀྲུང་གོའི་དུས་ཚོད། – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཀྲུང་གོའི་དུས་ཚོད།" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="زمان چین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زمان چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet-k%C3%AEn_S%E1%B9%B3%CC%80-ki%C3%AAn" title="Pet-kîn Sṳ̀-kiên – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pet-kîn Sṳ̀-kiên" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84" title="중국의 시간 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중국의 시간" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF" title="चीन मानक समय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीन मानक समय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waktu_di_Tiongkok" title="Waktu di Tiongkok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Waktu di Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempo_in_Cina" title="Tempo in Cina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tempo in Cina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABnas_laiks" title="Ķīnas laiks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīnas laiks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF" title="चिनियाँ मानक समय – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चिनियाँ मानक समय" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Время в Китайской Народной Республике – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Время в Китайской Народной Республике" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_China" title="Time in China – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Time in China" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சீன சீர்தர நேரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீன சீர்தர நேரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in%27de_zaman" title="Çin'de zaman – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin'de zaman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96" title="Час у Китайській Народній Республіці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Час у Китайській Народній Республіці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA" title="چین میں وقت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چین میں وقت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BB%9D_%E1%BB%9F_Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c" title="Giờ ở Trung Quốc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giờ ở Trung Quốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E5%8D%80" title="中國時區 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="中國時區" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E5%8D%80" title="中國時區 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中國時區" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Standard_Time&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="China Standard Time">China Standard Time</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>The <b>time in China</b> follows a single standard <a href="/wiki/UTC_offset" title="UTC offset">time offset</a> of <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a>, where Beijing is located, even though the country spans five geographical <a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">time zones</a>. It is the largest sovereign nation in the world that officially observes only one time zone. </p><p>The nationwide standardized time is named <b>Beijing Time</b> (<b>BJT</b>; <span lang="zh-Hans">北京时间</span>) domestically and <b>China Standard Time</b> (<b>CST</b>) internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">Daylight saving time</a> has not been observed since 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-tadchina_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tadchina-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>China Standard Time (UTC+8) is consistent across <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Time" title="Hong Kong Time">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macau_Standard_Time" title="Macau Standard Time">Macau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Taiwan" title="Time in Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. It is also equivalent with <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Standard_Time" title="Philippine Standard Time">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Singapore Standard Time">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Brunei" title="Time in Brunei">Brunei</a>, most of <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Mongolia" title="Time in Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Malaysia" title="Time in Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irkutsk_Time" title="Irkutsk Time">Irkutsk Time</a> of Russia, <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Australia" title="Time in Australia">Western Australia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Indonesia" title="Time in Indonesia">Central Indonesia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_in_China&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Historical_time_zones_of_China" title="Historical time zones of China">Historical time zones of China</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PRC-NTSContopoflimountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/PRC-NTSContopoflimountain.jpg/220px-PRC-NTSContopoflimountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/PRC-NTSContopoflimountain.jpg/330px-PRC-NTSContopoflimountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/PRC-NTSContopoflimountain.jpg/440px-PRC-NTSContopoflimountain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3375" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Time_Service_Center" title="National Time Service Center">National Time Service Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Li" title="Mount Li">Mount Li</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lintong,_Xi%27an" title="Lintong, Xi'an">Lintong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a>, Shaanxi</figcaption></figure><p>In the 1870s, the Shanghai Xujiahui Observatory was constructed by a French Catholic missionary. In 1880s officials in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_French_Concession" title="Shanghai French Concession">Shanghai French Concession</a> started to provide a time announcement service using the Shanghai Mean Solar Time provided by the aforementioned observatory for ships into and out of <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>. By the end of 19th century, the time standard provided by the observatory had been switched to <a href="/wiki/GMT" class="mw-redirect" title="GMT">GMT</a>+08:00.<sup id="cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中国标准时制考-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice has spread to other coastal ports, and in 1902 the "Coastal Time" was proposed to be the universal time zone for all the coastal ports in China. However, the time zone for the rest of China remained undetermined. </p><p>Until 1913, the official time standard for the whole of China was still the <a href="/wiki/Apparent_solar_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Apparent solar time">apparent solar time</a> of Beijing, the capital of the country at the time. Starting in 1914, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> government began adopting the Beijing Local Mean Solar Time as the official time standard. By 1918, five standard time zones had been proposed by the Central Observatory of <a href="/wiki/Beiyang_government" title="Beiyang government">Beiyang government</a> of Republic of China, including the Kunlun (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:30" title="UTC+05:30">UTC+05:30</a>), Sinkiang-Tibet (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B06:00" title="UTC+06:00">UTC+06:00</a>), Kansu-Szechwan (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B07:00" title="UTC+07:00">UTC+07:00</a>), Chungyuan (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a>), and Changpai (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:30" title="UTC+08:30">UTC+08:30</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中国标准时制考-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UTC_hue4map_X_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/UTC_hue4map_X_Republic_of_China.svg/300px-UTC_hue4map_X_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/UTC_hue4map_X_Republic_of_China.svg/450px-UTC_hue4map_X_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/UTC_hue4map_X_Republic_of_China.svg/600px-UTC_hue4map_X_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption> The 1947 version time zone assignment that was discontinued in 1949 after the People's Republic of China was founded: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff0081; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:30" title="UTC+05:30">UTC+05:30</a> Kunlun Time</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff0000; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B06:00" title="UTC+06:00">UTC+06:00</a> Sinkiang-Tibet Time</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffff00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B07:00" title="UTC+07:00">UTC+07:00</a> Kansu-Szechuan Time</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00ff00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a> Chungyuan Time</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008181; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:30" title="UTC+08:30">UTC+08:30</a> Changpai Time</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>After the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Beiyang_government" title="Beiyang government">Beiyang government</a> in 1928, the mission of the Central Observatory was moved to Nanjing, and the reference time standard used for the construction of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Calendar">traditional Chinese Calendar</a> was shifted from Beijing Mean Solar Time to <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中国标准时制考-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s, the proposed five time zones had not been fully observed, causing regions in inner China area to adopt their own time standards, resulting in chaos. On 9 March 1939, when the Ministry of the Interior organized a Standard Time Conference in Chongqing, it was decided to adopt the five time zone proposal with slight modification of their borders starting from 1 June, however it was also decided that the entire country would use the Kansu-Szechwan Time (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B07:00" title="UTC+07:00">UTC+07:00</a>) during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> which began at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中国标准时制考-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the five time zone system was resumed, although there is little information about the historical usage of time in the <a href="/wiki/Kunlun" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunlun">Kunlun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Changpai" class="mw-redirect" title="Changpai">Changpai</a> zones.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A further refined system with adjustment to zone assignment in the Northwest part of <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> was announced in 1947 for adoption in 1948. However, as the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> came to its end in 1949–1950, regional governments under the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP), other than those in Xinjiang and Tibet, switched to use the same time as Beijing, which is <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a>, and is later known as <b>Beijing Time</b> or <b>China Standard Time</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中国标准时制考-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two independent sources that claim the CCP, and/or the People's Republic of China, were using apparent solar time for Beijing Time before the period between 27 September 1949 and 6 October 1949, and they adopted the time of <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a> within that period of time, but the claim is dubious.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Time zone changes in Tibet are undocumented, but Beijing Time was in use until at least the mid-1950s. Between 1969 and 1986, the time zone was switched repeatedly between Xinjiang Time (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B06:00" title="UTC+06:00">UTC+06:00</a>) and Beijing Time.<sup id="cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中国标准时制考-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">Daylight saving time</a> was observed from 1945 to 1948, and from 1986 to 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中国标准时制考-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997 and 1999, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> were transferred to China from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> respectively, being established as <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">special administrative regions</a>. Although the sovereignty of the SARs belongs to China, they retain their own policies regarding time zones for historical reasons. Due to their geographical locations, both are within the <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a> time zone, which is the same as the national standard, Beijing time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_in_China&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China-TZdiff.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/China-TZdiff.png/300px-China-TZdiff.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/China-TZdiff.png/450px-China-TZdiff.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/China-TZdiff.png/600px-China-TZdiff.png 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption>This map shows the difference between legal time and local mean time in China. <a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a> is significantly behind and <a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">western parts of China</a> are significantly ahead of local solar time as a single standard time offset of UTC+08:00 is observed across the whole of China, even though the country spans almost five geographical time zones (73°26'E - 134°46'E).</figcaption></figure> <p>As an illustration of the wide range, the daylight hours (Beijing Time) for the seats of the westernmost (both including and not including <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> due to local customs, see below) and easternmost counties, calculated for the year 2010, are shown here:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Division</th> <th colspan="2">Daylight time </th></tr> <tr> <th>Location</th> <th>County</th> <th>Province</th> <th>1 January</th> <th>1 July </th></tr> <tr> <td>Westernmost</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akto_County" title="Akto County">Akto</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></td> <td>10:16 – 19:44</td> <td>07:34 – 22:26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Westernmost (not including Xinjiang)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanda_County" title="Zanda County">Zanda</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></td> <td>09:40 – 19:48</td> <td>07:39 – 21:50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Easternmost</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fuyuan,_Heilongjiang" title="Fuyuan, Heilongjiang">Fuyuan</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></td> <td>06:54 – 15:18</td> <td>03:05 – 19:08 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The border with <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wakhjir_Pass" title="Wakhjir Pass">Wakhjir Pass</a> has the most significant official change of clocks for any international land frontier: <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a> in China to <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B04:30" title="UTC+04:30">UTC+04:30</a> in Afghanistan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regions_with_special_time_regulations">Regions with special time regulations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_in_China&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Regions with special time regulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_in_China&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Xinjiang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Time" title="Xinjiang Time">Xinjiang Time</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_China_Xinjiang.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Map_of_China_Xinjiang.svg/250px-Map_of_China_Xinjiang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Map_of_China_Xinjiang.svg/375px-Map_of_China_Xinjiang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Map_of_China_Xinjiang.svg/500px-Map_of_China_Xinjiang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="234" /></a><figcaption>Map of Xinjiang, together with rest of China</figcaption></figure> <p>In Xinjiang, two time standards are used in parallel, namely Beijing Time and <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Time" title="Xinjiang Time">Xinjiang Time</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-由来_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-由来-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中国标准时制考-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xinjiang Time, also known as Ürümqi Time (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">乌鲁木齐时间</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Wūlǔmùqí Shíjiān</span></i>), is set due to its geographical location in the westernmost part of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The time offset is <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B06:00" title="UTC+06:00">UTC+06:00</a>, which is two hours behind <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, and is shared with neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>. </p><p>Some local Xinjiang authorities now use both time standards side by side.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-作息时间_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-作息时间-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Television stations schedule programmes in different time standards according to their nature.<sup id="cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中国标准时制考-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The coexistence of two time zones within the same region causes some confusion among the local population, especially when inter-racial communication occurs. When a time is mentioned in conversation between Han and Uyghur, it is necessary to either explicitly make clear whether the time is in Xinjiang Time or Beijing Time, or convert the time according to the ethnicity of the other party.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The double time standard is particularly observable in <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Television" title="Xinjiang Television">Xinjiang Television</a>, which schedules its Chinese channel according to Beijing time and its Uyghur and Kazakh channels according to Xinjiang time.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regardless, Beijing Time users in Xinjiang usually schedule their daily activities two hours later than those who live in eastern China. As such, stores and offices in Xinjiang are commonly open from 10am to 7pm Beijing Time, which equals 8am to 5pm in Ürümqi Time.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is known as the work/rest time in Xinjiang.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In most areas of Xinjiang, the opening time of local authorities is additionally modified by shifting the morning session 30–60 minutes earlier and the afternoon session 30 minutes later to extend the lunch break for 60–90 minutes, so as to avoid the intense heat during noon time in the area during summer.<sup id="cite_ref-作息时间_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-作息时间-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong_and_Macau">Hong Kong and Macau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_in_China&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hong Kong and Macau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> maintain their own time authorities after transfer of sovereignty <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">in 1997</a> <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of sovereignty over Macau">and 1999</a> respectively. The <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Time" title="Hong Kong Time">Hong Kong Time</a> (Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hant">香港時間</span>; Jyutping: <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">hoeng1 gong2 si4 gaan3</span></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Macau_Standard_Time" title="Macau Standard Time">Macau Standard Time</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hant">澳門標準時間</span>; Jyutping: <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">ou3 mun2 biu1 zeon2 si4 gaan3</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Hora Oficial de Macau</i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) are both <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a> all year round, thus in line with Beijing time, and daylight saving time has not been used since 1979 in Hong Kong and 1980 in Macau.<sup id="cite_ref-tadhongkong_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tadhongkong-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tadmacau_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tadmacau-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Hong Kong, <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a> was adopted as the basis in 1904, and UTC was adopted as a standard in 1972. Before that, local time was determined by astronomical observations at <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Observatory" title="Hong Kong Observatory">Hong Kong Observatory</a> using a <span class="clarify-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">6-inch Lee Equatorial telescope and a 3-inch Transit Circle</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Clarify" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="This passage needs to be better explained. (October 2020)">clarify</span></a></i>]</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_in_China&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Taiwan" title="Time in Taiwan">Time in Taiwan</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, which is not governed under the authority of the People's Republic of China (see <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">political status of Taiwan</a>), also uses UTC+08:00, which corresponds well to its longitude. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="IANA_time_zone_database">IANA time zone database</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_in_China&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: IANA time zone database"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The territory of the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> is covered in the <a href="/wiki/IANA_time_zone_database" class="mw-redirect" title="IANA time zone database">IANA time zone database</a> by the following zones. "Asia/Shanghai" is used instead of "Asia/Beijing" because Shanghai is the most populous city in the zone.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Columns marked with * are from the file <a href="/wiki/Zone.tab" class="mw-redirect" title="Zone.tab">zone.tab</a> of the database. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>c.c.*</th> <th>coordinates*</th> <th>TZ*</th> <th>comments*</th> <th>Standard time</th> <th>Summer time</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1:CN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166-1:CN">CN</a></td> <td>+3114+12128</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia/Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia/Shanghai">Asia/Shanghai</a></td> <td>Beijing Time</td> <td><span style="display:none">t</span><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a></td> <td>—</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1:CN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166-1:CN">CN</a></td> <td>+4348+08735</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia/Urumqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia/Urumqi">Asia/Urumqi</a></td> <td>Xinjiang Time</td> <td><span style="display:none">t</span><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B06:00" title="UTC+06:00">UTC+06:00</a></td> <td>—</td> <td>Unofficial </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1:HK" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166-1:HK">HK</a></td> <td>+2217+11409</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia/Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia/Hong Kong">Asia/Hong_Kong</a></td> <td></td> <td><span style="display:none">t</span><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a></td> <td>—</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1:MO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166-1:MO">MO</a></td> <td>+221150+1133230</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia/Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia/Macau">Asia/Macau</a></td> <td></td> <td><span style="display:none">t</span><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a></td> <td>—</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Backward_compatibility_zone">Backward compatibility zone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_in_China&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Backward compatibility zone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following zones, including Asia/Kashgar, Asia/Chongqing, and Asia/Harbin, are kept in the "backzone" file of the IANA time zone database for backward compatibility. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>c.c.*</th> <th>coordinates*</th> <th>TZ*</th> <th>comments*</th> <th>Standard time</th> <th>Summer time</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1:CN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166-1:CN">CN</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia/Harbin" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia/Harbin">Asia/Harbin</a></td> <td></td> <td><span style="display:none">t</span><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a></td> <td>—</td> <td>linked back to Asia/Shanghai </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1:CN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166-1:CN">CN</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia/Chongqing" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia/Chongqing">Asia/Chongqing</a></td> <td></td> <td><span style="display:none">t</span><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a></td> <td>—</td> <td>linked back to Asia/Shanghai </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1:CN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166-1:CN">CN</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia/Kashgar" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia/Kashgar">Asia/Kashgar</a></td> <td></td> <td><span style="display:none">t</span><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B06:00" title="UTC+06:00">UTC+06:00</a></td> <td>—</td> <td>linked back to Asia/Ürümqi </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_in_China&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_time_zones_of_China" title="Historical time zones of China">Historical time zones of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Time" title="Hong Kong Time">Hong Kong Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Standard_Time" title="Macau Standard Time">Macau Standard Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Taiwan" title="Time in Taiwan">Time in Taiwan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_in_China&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zones/cst-china">"CST – China Standard Time (Time Zone Abbreviation)"</a>. <i>timeanddate.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=timeanddate.com&rft.atitle=CST+%E2%80%93+China+Standard+Time+%28Time+Zone+Abbreviation%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Ftime%2Fzones%2Fcst-china&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tadchina-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tadchina_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/china">"Daylight Saving Time in China"</a>. <i>timeanddate.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=timeanddate.com&rft.atitle=Daylight+Saving+Time+in+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Ftime%2Fchange%2Fchina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-中国标准时制考-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-中国标准时制考_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuo2001" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guo, Qing-sheng (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220074304/http://sourcedb.cas.cn/sourcedb_scr_cas/zwqkk/kxwhzl/kxjss/jxdkjs/200912/P020091229393382424589.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">中国标准时制考</bdi></a> [A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>China Historical Materials of Science and Technology</i> (in Chinese (China)). <b>22</b> (3): 269–280. 1000-0798(2001)03-0269-12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sourcedb.cas.cn/sourcedb_scr_cas/zwqkk/kxwhzl/kxjss/jxdkjs/200912/P020091229393382424589.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Historical+Materials+of+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6%E8%80%83&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=269-280&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=Qing-sheng&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsourcedb.cas.cn%2Fsourcedb_scr_cas%2Fzwqkk%2Fkxwhzl%2Fkxjss%2Fjxdkjs%2F200912%2FP020091229393382424589.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuo2003" class="citation journal cs1">Guo, Qingsheng (2003). "Beijing Time at the Beginning of PRC". <i>China Historical Materials of Science and Technology'<span></span></i>. <b>24</b> (1): 5–9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Historical+Materials+of+Science+and+Technology%27&rft.atitle=Beijing+Time+at+the+Beginning+of+PRC&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-9&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=Qingsheng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/solcalc/">"NOAA Solar Calculator"</a>. NOAA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NOAA+Solar+Calculator&rft.pub=NOAA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esrl.noaa.gov%2Fgmd%2Fgrad%2Fsolcalc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Time_in_China&params=39.1478_N_75.9474_E_type:landmark_region:CN-65_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°08′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°56′51″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.1478°N 75.9474°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.1478; 75.9474</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Time_in_China&params=31.479882_N_79.807096_E_type:landmark_region:CN-54_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°28′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">79°48′26″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.479882°N 79.807096°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.479882; 79.807096</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Time_in_China&params=48.3647_N_134.3079_E_type:landmark_region:CN-23_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°21′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">134°18′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.3647°N 134.3079°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.3647; 134.3079</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-由来-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-由来_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151109203643/http://news.xinhuanet.com/video/sjxw/2015-11/03/c_1117022085.htm"><bdi lang="zh">冷知识："北京时间"的由来</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Xinhua" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhua">Xinhua</a></i> (in Simplified Chinese). 3 November 2015. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xjlt.gov.cn/Item/3426.aspx">the original</a> on 12 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=xjlt.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E4%BD%9C%E6%81%AF%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4&rft.date=2008-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xjlt.gov.cn%2FItem%2F3426.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cn.nytimes.com/china/20160617/china-single-time-zone/"><bdi lang="zh">10点日出，半夜吃饭，在新疆用北京时间的烦恼</bdi></a>. <i>zh:纽约时报中文网</i> [<i>New York Times Chinese Website</i>] (in Chinese). 17 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zh%3A%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%BD%91&rft.atitle=10%E7%82%B9%E6%97%A5%E5%87%BA%EF%BC%8C%E5%8D%8A%E5%A4%9C%E5%90%83%E9%A5%AD%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%A8%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%83%A6%E6%81%BC&rft.date=2016-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcn.nytimes.com%2Fchina%2F20160617%2Fchina-single-time-zone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221154359/http://www.southcn.com/weekend/city/200309250028.htm"><bdi lang="zh">【城市】乌鲁木齐：没有屋顶的博物馆</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Weekly" title="Southern Weekly">Southern Weekly</a></i> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southcn.com/weekend/city/200309250028.htm">the original</a> on 21 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Weekly&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E3%80%91%E4%B9%8C%E9%B2%81%E6%9C%A8%E9%BD%90%EF%BC%9A%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E5%B1%8B%E9%A1%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southcn.com%2Fweekend%2Fcity%2F200309250028.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemick2009" class="citation web cs1">Demick, Barbara (31 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-mar-31-fg-china-timezone31-story.html">"Clocks square off in China's far west"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Clocks+square+off+in+China%27s+far+west&rft.date=2009-03-31&rft.aulast=Demick&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2009-mar-31-fg-china-timezone31-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tf086.com/h-nd-246.html"><bdi lang="zh">北京时间的概念</bdi></a> (in Chinese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tf086.com%2Fh-nd-246.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111204115929/http://www.xinjiang.gov.cn/10018/10008/00017/2005/22694.htm">"The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2008</span>. <q>Urumqi Time (GMT+6) is 2 hours behind Beijing Time</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Working-Calendar+for+The+Xinjiang+Uygur+Autonomous+Region+Government&rft.pub=The+Government+of+the+Xinjiang+Uygur+Autonomous+Region+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinjiang.gov.cn%2F10018%2F10008%2F00017%2F2005%2F22694.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.163.com/14/0117/18/9IQH4FIR00014JB6.html"><bdi lang="zh">政协委员建议：调整新疆单位作息时间</bdi></a> (in Chinese). 人民网. 17 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%8F%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%AE%EF%BC%9A%E8%B0%83%E6%95%B4%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E4%BD%9C%E6%81%AF%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4&rft.pub=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E7%BD%91&rft.date=2014-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.163.com%2F14%2F0117%2F18%2F9IQH4FIR00014JB6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716135719/http://www.smg.gov.mo/www/geo/time_service/e_i_timeservice.htm">"Macau Standard Time"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Macao_Meteorological_and_Geophysical_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau">Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smg.gov.mo/www/geo/time_service/e_i_timeservice.htm">the original</a> on 16 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Meteorological+and+Geophysical+Bureau&rft.atitle=Macau+Standard+Time&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smg.gov.mo%2Fwww%2Fgeo%2Ftime_service%2Fe_i_timeservice.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716135733/http://www.smg.gov.mo/www/geo/time_service/p_i_timeservice.htm">"O Serviço de<<Hora Exacta>> na Internet"</a>. <i>Direcção dos Serviços Meteorológicos e Geofísicos</i> [<i>Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau</i>] (in Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smg.gov.mo/www/geo/time_service/p_i_timeservice.htm">the original</a> on 16 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Direc%C3%A7%C3%A3o+dos+Servi%C3%A7os+Meteorol%C3%B3gicos+e+Geof%C3%ADsicos&rft.atitle=O+Servi%C3%A7o+de%26lt%3B%26lt%3BHora+Exacta%26gt%3B%26gt%3B+na+Internet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smg.gov.mo%2Fwww%2Fgeo%2Ftime_service%2Fp_i_timeservice.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tadhongkong-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tadhongkong_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">timeanddate.com, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/hong-kong">Daylight Saving Time in Hong Kong</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tadmacau-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tadmacau_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">timeanddate.com, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/macau">Daylight Saving Time in Macau</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/History_1883_1933.htm">"1883-1933: Equatorial & Transit Circle"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Obvervatory</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Obvervatory&rft.atitle=1883-1933%3A+Equatorial+%26+Transit+Circle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hko.gov.hk%2Fen%2Fgts%2Ftime%2FHistory_1883_1933.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/eggert/tz/blob/5f48dee82bc111b21f3610893e3b788e37396bce/theory.html">"eggert/tz"</a>. 20 July 2022 – via GitHub.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=eggert%2Ftz&rft.date=2022-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Feggert%2Ftz%2Fblob%2F5f48dee82bc111b21f3610893e3b788e37396bce%2Ftheory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_in_China&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Government departments responsible for time services</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntsc.ac.cn">National Time Service Center, the Chinese Academy of Sciences</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917160236/http://www.ntsc.ac.cn/">Archived</a> 17 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hko.gov.hk">Hong Kong Observatory</a> (Hong Kong)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smg.gov.mo/en">Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG)</a> (Macau)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Chinese_history" title="Timeline of Chinese history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_historiography" title="Chinese historiography">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_China" title="Military history of China">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese_language" title="History of the Chinese language">Language</a></li> <li>Economic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_before_1912" title="Economic history of China before 1912">before 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Economic history of China (1912–1949)">1912–1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1949%E2%80%93present)" title="Economic history of China (1949–present)">1949–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_foreign_relations_of_China" title="History of foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_China" title="Dynasties of China">Dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_monarchs" title="List of Chinese monarchs">Monarchs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_China" title="Prehistory of China">Prehistoric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Paleolithic_sites_in_China" title="List of Paleolithic sites in China">Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neolithic_cultures_of_China" title="List of Neolithic cultures of China">Neolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_civilization" title="Yellow River civilization">Yellow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_civilization" title="Yangtze civilization">Yangtze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_civilization" title="Liao civilization">Liao</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Ancient_China" title="History of China">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Shang" title="Late Shang">Late</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Zhou" title="Western Zhou">Western Zhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Imperial_China" title="History of China">Imperial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Wu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Jin (266–420)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties" title="Northern and Southern dynasties">Northern and Southern dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin (1115–1234)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Qing_era" title="High Qing era">High Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_of_humiliation" title="Century of humiliation">Century of humiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Modern_China" title="History of China">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">1911 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of the People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">Tiananmen Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">Economic reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">persecution of Uyghurs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_China" title="Geography of China">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_China" title="Borders of China">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_China" title="List of extreme points of China">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_China" title="Geology of China">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_disasters_in_China" title="Natural disasters in China">Natural disasters</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_China" title="List of regions of China">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_China" title="Northwestern China">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_China" title="Southwestern China">Southwestern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Terrain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bays_of_China" title="Category:Bays of China">Bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canyons_and_gorges_of_China" title="Category:Canyons and gorges of China">Canyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caves_of_China" title="Category:Caves of China">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deserts_of_China" title="Category:Deserts of China">Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grasslands_of_China" title="Category:Grasslands of China">Grasslands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hills_of_China" title="Category:Hills of China">Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_China" title="List of islands of China">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_China" title="Category:Mountains of China">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_China" title="Category:Mountain ranges of China">ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_passes_of_China" title="Category:Mountain passes of China">passes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peninsulas_of_China" title="Category:Peninsulas of China">Peninsulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China_Plain" title="Northeast China Plain">Northeast</a> / <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North</a> / <a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan" title="Zhongyuan">Central Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Valleys_of_China" title="Category:Valleys of China">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_China" title="List of volcanoes in China">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canals_in_China" title="Category:Canals in China">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_China" title="List of lakes of China">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_China" title="List of rivers of China">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waterfalls_of_China" title="Category:Waterfalls of China">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wetlands_of_China" title="Category:Wetlands of China">Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_of_China" title="Water resources of China">Water resources</a></li> <li>Seas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_China" title="Environment of China">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_China" title="Climate change in China">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_policy_of_China" title="Climate policy of China">Climate policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_China" title="Environmental issues in China">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_in_China" title="Environmental policy in China">Environmental policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_China" title="List of protected areas of China">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_China" title="List of national parks of China">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nature_reserves_in_China" title="Category:Nature reserves in China">Nature reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UNESCO_Biosphere_Reserves_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in China">UNESCO Biosphere Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_China" title="Wildlife of China">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of China">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China" title="Flora of China">Flora</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baselines_of_the_Chinese_territorial_sea" title="Baselines of the Chinese territorial sea">Baseline islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Border_crossings_of_China" title="Category:Border crossings of China">Border crossings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Province-level subdivisions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Law" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_China" title="Judicial system of China">Judicial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in China">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tibet" title="Human rights in Tibet">in Tibet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_China" title="Law enforcement in China">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penal_system_in_China" title="Penal system in China">Penal system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_laws_in_China" title="Naming laws in China">Naming laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationality law of China">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_China" title="Terrorism in China">Terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_service_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Civil service of the People's Republic of China">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_China" title="Democracy in China">Democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_democracy_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese democracy movement">Pro-democratisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_in_China" title="Environmental policy in China">Environmental policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_China" title="National security of China">National security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_China" title="List of political parties in China">Political parties and movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Political Consultative Conference</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_stage_of_socialism" title="Primary stage of socialism">Primary stage of socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_China" title="Vice President of China">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice Premier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of China">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_military_history_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Outline of the military history of the People's Republic of China">Outline of military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Ground Force">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Rocket_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Rocket Force">Rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Strategic_Support_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force">Strategic Support</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Coast_Guard" title="China Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Militia" title="Maritime Militia">Maritime Militia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_China" title="Agriculture in China">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_China" title="Aquaculture in China">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_China" title="Banking in China">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1949%E2%80%93present)" title="Economic history of China (1949–present)">Economic history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special economic zones</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-commerce_in_China" title="E-commerce in China">E-commerce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_advertising_in_China" title="Online advertising in China">Online advertising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_China" title="Energy policy of China">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_China" title="Coal in China">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_China" title="Petroleum industry in China">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_China" title="Renewable energy in China">Renewable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_China" title="Foreign aid to China">Foreign aid received</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_foreign_aid" title="Chinese foreign aid">Foreign aid program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_GDP_of_China" title="Historical GDP of China">Historical GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_China" title="Industry of China">Industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry_in_China" title="Chemical industry in China">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining_in_China" title="Gold mining in China">Gold mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry_in_China" title="Semiconductor industry in China">Semiconductors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_industry_in_China" title="Steel industry in China">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_China" title="Textile industry in China">Textiles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_China" title="Poverty in China">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_China" title="Standard of living in China">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_China" title="Taxation in China">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_China" title="Tourism in China">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_trade_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of trade of the People's Republic of China">Trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture in China">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_China" title="Housing in China">Housing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_China" title="Telecommunications in China">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_China" title="Internet in China">Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_China" title="Water supply and sanitation in China">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_China" title="Transport in China">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_China" title="Automotive industry in China">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation_in_China" title="Civil aviation in China">Civil aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_China" title="Rail transport in China">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_industry_of_China" title="Shipping industry of China">Shipping industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_space_program" title="Chinese space program">Space program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_China" title="Category:Society of China">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_China" title="Abortion in China">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Dream" title="Chinese Dream">Chinese Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_China" title="Crime in China">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_China" title="Corruption in China">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_China" title="Prostitution in China">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_China" title="Sex trafficking in China">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_China" title="Education in China">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_China" title="Literacy in China">Literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonious_Society" title="Harmonious Society">Harmonious Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_China" title="Health in China">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_China" title="Food safety in China">Food safety</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_incidents_in_China" title="Food safety incidents in China">incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_China" title="HIV/AIDS in China">HIV/AIDS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_intellectualism" title="Chinese intellectualism">Intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Written_Chinese" title="Written Chinese">Written Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_China" title="Propaganda in China">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_China" title="Public holidays in China">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_society_in_China" title="Rural society in China">Rural society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_China" title="Science and technology in China">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_China" title="Technological and industrial history of China">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_China" title="Sexuality in China">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issues_in_China" title="Social issues in China">Social issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy_in_China" title="Patriarchy in China">Patriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_China" title="Racism in China">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_discrimination_in_China" title="Regional discrimination in China">Regional discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_China" title="Suicide in China">Suicide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_social_relations" title="Chinese social relations">Social relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_China" title="Social structure of China">Structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_society_in_China" title="Urban society in China">Urban society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_China" title="Welfare in China">Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of China">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_China" title="Archaeology of China">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archives_in_China" title="Archives in China">Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_art" title="Chinese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_China" title="Dance in China">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libraries_in_China" title="Libraries in China">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_literature" title="Chinese literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts" title="Chinese martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_China" title="Mass media in China">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_China" title="Music of China">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_China" title="Names of China">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_philosophy" title="Chinese philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_China" title="Smoking in China">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_China" title="Sport in China">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_tea_culture" title="Chinese tea culture">Tea culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_variety_art" title="Chinese variety art">Variety art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Historical_and_Cultural_Site_Protected_at_the_National_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level">Major Historical and Cultural Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_China" title="List of World Heritage Sites in China">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fours_of_China" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Fours of China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Treasures_of_the_Study" title="Four Treasures of the Study">Four Treasures of the Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Great_Inventions" title="Four Great Inventions">Four Great Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Gentlemen" title="Four Gentlemen">Four Gentlemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowers_of_the_Four_Seasons" title="Flowers of the Four Seasons">Flowers of the Four Seasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Beauties" title="Four Beauties">Four Beauties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Chinese_Novels" title="Classic Chinese Novels">Four Classic Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_arts" title="Four arts">Four arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Symbols" title="Four Symbols">Four Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Beasts" title="Four Holy Beasts">Four Holy Beasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Pillars_of_Destiny" title="Four Pillars of Destiny">Four Pillars of Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Paragons_of_the_Early_Tang" title="Four Paragons of the Early Tang">Four Paragons of the Early Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Masters_of_the_Ming_dynasty" title="Four Masters of the Ming dynasty">Four Masters of the Ming dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Masters_of_the_Yuan_dynasty" title="Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty">Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Wangs" title="Four Wangs">Four Wangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Olds" title="Four Olds">Four Olds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Pests_campaign" title="Four Pests campaign">Four Pests campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_China" title="Demographics of China">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_emigration" title="Chinese emigration">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunuchs_in_China" title="Eunuchs in China">Eunuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_in_China" title="Migration in China">Internal migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_China" title="Languages of China">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_history_of_China" title="Population history of China">Population history</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Post-80s" title="Post-80s">Post-80s</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Post-90s" title="Post-90s">Post-90s</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_China" title="Urbanization in China">Urbanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_China" title="Women in China">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_China" title="Catholic Church in China">Catholic Church in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion_in_China" title="History of religion in China">History of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_China" title="Irreligion in China">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_China" title="National symbols of China">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Volunteers" title="March of the Volunteers">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Emblem_of_China" title="National Emblem of China">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_China" title="Flag of China">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_China" title="Outline of China">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_China" title="Outline of China">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:China" title="Category:China">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Time in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Afghanistan" title="Time in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Bahrain" title="Time in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Brunei" title="Time in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Cambodia" title="Time in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Cyprus" title="Time in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_East_Timor" title="Time in East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_India" title="Time in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Indonesia" title="Time in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Iraq" title="Time in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Jordan" title="Time in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Kazakhstan" title="Time in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_North_Korea" title="Time in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_South_Korea" title="Time in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Kuwait" title="Time in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Laos" title="Time in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Lebanon" title="Time in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Malaysia" title="Time in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Mongolia" title="Time in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Oman" title="Time in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Pakistan" title="Time in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Qatar" title="Time in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Russia" title="Time in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Time in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Syria" title="Time in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Tajikistan" title="Time in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Thailand" title="Time in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Turkey" title="Time in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Turkmenistan" title="Time in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Time in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Uzbekistan" title="Time in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Vietnam" title="Time in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Yemen" title="Time in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Abkhazia" title="Time in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Time in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_South_Ossetia" title="Time in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Taiwan" title="Time in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" 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