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id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Igiene_e_prevenzione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Igiene_e_prevenzione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Igiene e prevenzione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Igiene_e_prevenzione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diffusione_nel_mondo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diffusione_nel_mondo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Diffusione nel mondo</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diffusione_nel_mondo-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Diffusione nel mondo</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diffusione_nel_mondo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Europa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-America_e_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#America_e_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>America e Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-America_e_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bidet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 43 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A9" title="مرحضة - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مرحضة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Биде - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Биде" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penc%C3%A8bokan" title="Pencèbokan - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Pencèbokan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%85pny_ruczk" title="Kąpny ruczk - kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kąpny ruczk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bideo" title="Bideo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bideo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bid%C3%A9" title="Bidé - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bidé" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%87" title="بیده - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidee" title="Bidee - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bidee" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet_(meuble)" title="Bidet (meuble) - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bidet (meuble)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bid%C3%A9" title="Bidé - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bidé" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%94" title="בידה - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בידה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bid%C3%A9" title="Bidé - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bidé" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bak_cebok" title="Bak cebok - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bak cebok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bideto" title="Bideto - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bideto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%87" title="ビデ - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビデ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%8D%B0" title="비데 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비데" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bid%C4%93" title="Bidē - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bidē" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bide" title="Bide - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bide" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bid%C3%AA" title="Bidê - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bidê" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bideu" title="Bideu - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bideu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Биде - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биде" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bideti" title="Bideti - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bideti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Биде - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Биде" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bid%C3%A9" title="Bidé - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bidé" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0" title="โถชำระ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โถชำระ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bide" title="Bide - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bide" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Біде - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біде" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bidet" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%90%E6%B5%B4%E6%A1%B6" title="坐浴桶 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="坐浴桶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%90%E6%B5%B4%E6%A1%B6" title="坐浴桶 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="坐浴桶" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q371213#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bidet" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Bidet" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INTERIEUR,_LINKER_VLEUGEL,_BADKAMER_(BIDET)_-_Otterlo_-_20270301_-_RCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/INTERIEUR%2C_LINKER_VLEUGEL%2C_BADKAMER_%28BIDET%29_-_Otterlo_-_20270301_-_RCE.jpg/220px-INTERIEUR%2C_LINKER_VLEUGEL%2C_BADKAMER_%28BIDET%29_-_Otterlo_-_20270301_-_RCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/INTERIEUR%2C_LINKER_VLEUGEL%2C_BADKAMER_%28BIDET%29_-_Otterlo_-_20270301_-_RCE.jpg/330px-INTERIEUR%2C_LINKER_VLEUGEL%2C_BADKAMER_%28BIDET%29_-_Otterlo_-_20270301_-_RCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/INTERIEUR%2C_LINKER_VLEUGEL%2C_BADKAMER_%28BIDET%29_-_Otterlo_-_20270301_-_RCE.jpg/440px-INTERIEUR%2C_LINKER_VLEUGEL%2C_BADKAMER_%28BIDET%29_-_Otterlo_-_20270301_-_RCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3066" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Un bidet</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bidet_Ego_Kolo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bidet_Ego_Kolo.jpg/220px-Bidet_Ego_Kolo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bidet_Ego_Kolo.jpg/330px-Bidet_Ego_Kolo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bidet_Ego_Kolo.jpg/440px-Bidet_Ego_Kolo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a> e bidet in una moderna stanza da bagno</figcaption></figure> <p>Il <b>bidet</b> o <b>bidè</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> è un apparecchio sanitario utilizzato per l'<a href="/wiki/Igiene" title="Igiene">igiene intima</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Etimologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il suo nome deriva dal francese <i>bidet</i>, termine che indica anche il <a href="/wiki/Pony" title="Pony">pony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-etimo_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etimo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'omonimia è dovuta alla somiglianza della posizione che si assume durante l'utilizzo del bidet con quella della cavalcata del pony. La parola deriva dalla radice celtica <i>bid</i>, col significato di piccolo, e <i>bidein</i>, piccola creatura. Anticamente era detto <i>bidetto</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-etimo_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etimo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bidet_caserta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bidet_caserta.jpg/220px-Bidet_caserta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bidet_caserta.jpg/330px-Bidet_caserta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bidet_caserta.jpg/440px-Bidet_caserta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>Il bidet di <a href="/wiki/Maria_Carolina_d%27Asburgo-Lorena" title="Maria Carolina d'Asburgo-Lorena">Maria Carolina di Napoli</a> alla <a href="/wiki/Reggia_di_Caserta" title="Reggia di Caserta">Reggia di Caserta</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Del bidet non si conosce né la data certa né il nome del suo inventore. La prima testimonianza certa risale al 1710, anno in cui tale Christophe Des Rosiers lo installò presso l'abitazione della <a href="/wiki/Borbone" title="Borbone">famiglia reale francese</a>. Il primo riferimento scritto al bidè risale al 1726.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nella seconda metà del Settecento la regina di <a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Napoli" title="Regno di Napoli">Napoli</a> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Carolina_d%27Asburgo-Lorena" title="Maria Carolina d'Asburgo-Lorena">Maria Carolina d'Asburgo-Lorena</a> volle un bidet nel suo bagno personale alla <a href="/wiki/Reggia_di_Caserta" title="Reggia di Caserta">Reggia di Caserta</a>, ignorandone l'etichetta di «strumento di ristoro da meretricio». In realtà il bidet si è diffuso in Italia in tempi relativamente recenti dopo il secondo dopoguerra. Tanto i gabinetti comuni delle case operaie dei grandi centri urbani, quanto le latrine contadine ne erano generalmente privi. </p><p>Dal 1900, con la diffusione delle tubature all'interno delle case private, il bidet divenne un oggetto utilizzato non più in camera da letto, ma nel <a href="/wiki/Stanza_da_bagno" title="Stanza da bagno">bagno</a>, insieme al <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>, che sostituiva il <a href="/wiki/Vaso_da_notte" title="Vaso da notte">pitale</a> tenuto in camera. </p><p>Nel 1960, invece, ci fu l'introduzione sul mercato di un sanitario, il <a href="/wiki/Washlet" title="Washlet">washlet</a>, risultante dall'unione del water con il bidet, particolarmente utile in piccoli ambienti in cui i due sanitari non troverebbero posto; esso è a volte detto «bidet elettronico», ma in Italia non ha incontrato favore e non si è diffuso. </p><p>Tuttavia esistono tracce di sistemi adibiti allo stesso scopo nella <a href="/wiki/Civilt%C3%A0_romana" title="Civiltà romana">civiltà romana</a>, così come per il water. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Igiene_e_prevenzione">Igiene e prevenzione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Igiene e prevenzione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Igiene e prevenzione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'igiene personale è migliorata e si mantiene in modo più accurato e semplice con l'uso del bidet in abbinamento alla <a href="/wiki/Carta_igienica" title="Carta igienica">carta igienica</a>, rispetto all'uso della sola carta igienica. In alcuni bidet con getti verticali è possibile evitare l'uso di carta igienica, poiché la quantità di acqua utilizzata è ridotta.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il trattamento delle <a href="/wiki/Emorroidi" title="Emorroidi">emorroidi</a> e di problemi ai genitali può anche essere migliorato dall'uso del bidet.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A causa dell'ampia superficie del bacino, la disinfezione dei bidet dopo l'utilizzo e quella di routine richiedono accuratezza: altrimenti potrebbe verificarsi una contaminazione microbica da un utente all'altro. </p><p>Talvolta nei servizi igienici degli ospedali vengono inclusi <a href="/wiki/Doccetta_igienica" title="Doccetta igienica">bidet a doccetta</a> a causa della loro utilità nel mantenimento dell'igiene; i bidet con acqua calda possono ospitare microbi pericolosi se non adeguatamente disinfettati.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diffusione_nel_mondo">Diffusione nel mondo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Diffusione nel mondo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Diffusione nel mondo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SB-BidetIntegrated.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/SB-BidetIntegrated.jpg/220px-SB-BidetIntegrated.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/SB-BidetIntegrated.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="175" /></a><figcaption>Un bidet aggiuntivo</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europa">Europa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Europa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Europa"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I bidet non sono presenti in tutti i Paesi <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">europei</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sono comuni solo in <a href="/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia">Grecia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna">Spagna</a> e, soprattutto, in <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> e in <a href="/wiki/Portogallo" title="Portogallo">Portogallo</a>, paesi nei quali l'installazione di un bidet nei locali d'abitazione fu resa obbligatoria nel 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secondo un <a href="/wiki/Sondaggio_(statistica)" title="Sondaggio (statistica)">sondaggio</a> francese del 1995, è l'Italia il paese in cui il bidet è utilizzato più di frequente (97%), seguito dal Portogallo al secondo posto (92%) e dalla <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a> al terzo (42%); in <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> il suo uso è raro (6%) e nel <a href="/wiki/Regno_Unito" title="Regno Unito">Regno Unito</a> rarissimo (3%).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bidet1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bidet1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Francia, paese d'origine del bidet, a partire dagli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1970" title="Anni 1970">anni settanta</a>, per ragioni di economia e di spazio, sono raramente installati bidet nei nuovi appartamenti (dal 95% di presenza nei bagni nel 1970, la percentuale è scesa al 42% nel 1993) e una grande quantità di persone ha eliminato il bidet dalla propria casa.<sup id="cite_ref-bidet1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bidet1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Un fenomeno analogo si sta riscontrando in Spagna, dove è sempre più frequente la mancanza del bidet nelle nuove abitazioni e nelle vecchie case ristrutturate, per un uso diverso dello spazio, sebbene gli appartamenti di lusso e con almeno due stanze da bagno continuino a esserne equipaggiati.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="America_e_Asia">America e Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione America e Asia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: America e Asia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/America_Latina" title="America Latina">America Latina</a> i bidet si trovano in <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cile" title="Cile">Cile</a>, e, soprattutto, in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> e <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, dove sono installati nel 90% delle case private; sono abbastanza comuni anche in <a href="/wiki/Medio_Oriente" title="Medio Oriente">Medio Oriente</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone">Giappone</a>, pur essendo pressoché assenti, sono però sostituiti nella funzione da un sanitario che unisce le funzioni del water e quella del bidet, detto <i><a href="/wiki/Washlet" title="Washlet">washlet</a></i>, presente nel 60% delle case private e non raro negli alberghi. </p><p>La rarità del bidet in alcuni paesi (come gli <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti d'America</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Regno_Unito" title="Regno Unito">Regno Unito</a>, ad esempio) spesso si collega a pregiudizi sull'igienicità di questo apparecchio sanitario. Gli statunitensi videro probabilmente per la prima volta il bidet nei <a href="/wiki/Casa_di_tolleranza" title="Casa di tolleranza">bordelli</a> francesi durante la <a href="/wiki/Seconda_guerra_mondiale" title="Seconda guerra mondiale">seconda guerra mondiale</a> e, per lungo tempo, nell'immaginario collettivo è rimasto il collegamento di questo sanitario all'idea che le prostitute lo usassero per lavarsi i genitali in seguito ai rapporti sessuali.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTreccani_bide" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/bide"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bidè</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – <a href="/wiki/Vocabolario_Treccani" title="Vocabolario Treccani">Vocabolario Treccani</a> on line</span>, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. <small>URL consultato il 15 dicembre 2016</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/bid%C3%A8.html">Bidè</a>" nell'enciclopedia <i>Sapere</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dizionari.corriere.it/dizionario_italiano/B/bide.shtml">Bidè</a>" nel dizionario <i>il Sabatini Coletti</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etimo-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-etimo_4-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-etimo_4-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etimo.it/?term=bidetto">Etimologia : bidetto</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171021163712/http://www.castelvecchieditore.com/storia-del-bidet/#"><span style="font-style:italic;">Storia del bidet, Un grande contenitore ideologico</span> [<span style="font-style:italic;">History of the bidet</span>]</a>, Castelvecchi, 2003, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-8210-111-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-8210-111-4">978-88-8210-111-4</a>. <small>URL consultato il 3 settembre 2018</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.castelvecchieditore.com/storia-del-bidet/">url originale</abbr> il 21 ottobre 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.focus.it/scienza/salute/dove-e-stato-inventato-il-bide"><span style="font-style:italic;">Dove è stato inventato il bidè?</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">focus.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 4 gennaio 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) J. Cohen-Mansfield e J. R. Biddison, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/geront/45.5.694"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Potential of Wash-and-Dry Toilets to Improve the Toileting Experience for Nursing Home Residents</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">The Gerontologist</span>, vol. 45, n. 5, 1º ottobre 2005, pp. 694-699, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fgeront%2F45.5.694">10.1093/geront/45.5.694</a>. <small>URL consultato il 4 gennaio 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/shortcuts/2018/feb/11/the-bottom-line-why-its-time-the-bidet-made-a-comeback"><span style="font-style:italic;">The bottom line: why it’s time the bidet made a comeback</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">the Guardian</span>, 11 febbraio 2018. <small>URL consultato il 4 gennaio 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Kuo-Feng Hsu, Jen-Shu Chia e Shu-Wen Jao, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11605-009-0876-9"><span style="font-style:italic;">Comparison of Clinical Effects Between Warm Water Spray and Sitz Bath in Post-hemorrhoidectomy Period</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery</span>, vol. 13, n. 7, 2009-07, pp. 1274-1278, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11605-009-0876-9">10.1007/s11605-009-0876-9</a>. <small>URL consultato il 4 gennaio 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Hideki Katano, Kumi Yokoyama e Yasushi Takei, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JST.JSTAGE/juoeh/36.135?lang=en&from=CrossRef&type=abstract"><span style="font-style:italic;">A Survey on Bacterial Contamination of Lavage Water in Electric Warm-Water Lavage Toilet Seats and of the Gluteal Cleft after Lavage</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Journal of UOEH</span>, vol. 36, n. 2, 2014, pp. 135-139, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.7888%2Fjuoeh.36.135">10.7888/juoeh.36.135</a>. <small>URL consultato il 4 gennaio 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Romano" title="Sergio Romano">Sergio Romano</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=JRlEW7jFOGsC&printsec=frontcover&hl=it&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il paese delle molte storie</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Rizzoli" title="Rizzoli">Rizzoli</a>, 2007, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-586-0166-2" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-586-0166-2">978-88-586-0166-2</a>. <small>URL consultato il 22 dicembre 2016</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Decreto ministeriale Sanità 5 luglio 1975, art. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="portoghese">PT</abbr></span>) Ministério do equipamento social, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dre.pt/application/file/310347"><span style="font-style:italic;">Decreto-Lei n.°650/75 de 18 de Novembro</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">dre.it - Diário da República Eletrónico</span>, <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Portoghese" class="mw-redirect" title="Repubblica Portoghese">Repubblica Portoghese</a>, 18 novembre 1975, pp. 1832-1835. <small>URL consultato il 22 dicembre 2016</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Roberto Zapperi: <i>Zu viel Moralismus macht den Körper schmutzig.</i>, in: FAZ, 24 aprile 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bidet1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-bidet1_15-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-bidet1_15-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) Marie-Joëlle Gros, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180709010208/http://next.liberation.fr/vous/1995/08/16/god-save-le-bidet-la-france-le-boude-il-est-du-dernier-cri-outre-manche_141428"><span style="font-style:italic;">God save le bidet. La France le boude. Il est du dernier cri outre-Manche.</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Libération">Libération</a></span>, 16 agosto 1995. <small>URL consultato il 6 agosto 2021</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.liberation.fr/vous/0101150618-god-save-le-bidet-la-france-le-boude-il-est-du-dernier-cri-outre-manche">url originale</abbr> il 9 luglio 2018)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170605141600/http://www.cany1.fr/histoBIDET.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">L'historique du papier toilette et du bidet</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">cany1.fr</span>. <small>URL consultato il 6 agosto 2021</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.cany1.fr/histoBIDET.htm">url originale</abbr> il 5 giugno 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610190118/http://clio-cr.clionautes.org/spip.php?article2517"><span style="font-style:italic;">Le confident des dames. Le bidet du XVIIIè au XXè siècle : histoire d'une intimité</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">clio-cr.clionautes.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 6 agosto 2021</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://clio-cr.clionautes.org/spip.php?article2517">url originale</abbr> il 10 giugno 2012)</small>.</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>) Juan Carlos Rodríguez, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/suplementos/magazine/2009/519/1251984079.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">¿Ha llegado el final del bidé?</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">elmundo.es</span>, <a href="/wiki/El_Mundo" title="El Mundo">El Mundo</a>, 6 settembre 2009. <small>URL consultato il 22 dicembre 2016</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Beppe_Severgnini" title="Beppe Severgnini">Beppe Severgnini</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Un_italiano_in_America" title="Un italiano in America">Un italiano in America</a></i>, Biblioteca Universale Rizzoli (consultabile su Google libri)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Luciano Spadanuda, <i>Storia del bidet</i>, Castelvecchi, 2003.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doccetta_igienica" title="Doccetta igienica">Doccetta igienica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igiene_anale" title="Igiene anale">Igiene anale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bidet" class="extiw" title="q:Bidet">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/bidet" class="extiw" title="wikt:bidet">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Bidets"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bidets?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni sul <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bidet" class="extiw" title="q:Bidet">bidet</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/20px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/40px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/bidet" class="extiw" title="wikt:bidet">bidet</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sul <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bidets?uselang=it">bidet</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVocabolario_Treccani" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/bide"><span style="font-style:italic;">bidè</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Vocabolario_Treccani" title="Vocabolario Treccani">Vocabolario Treccani</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371213#P5844" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSapere.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/bidè.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">bidè</span></a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/bidet.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">bidet</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">sapere.it</span>, <a href="/wiki/De_Agostini" title="De Agostini">De Agostini</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371213#P6706" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <div 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