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<li id="toc-American_era_and_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_era_and_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>American era and World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_era_and_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Republic_and_martial_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Republic_and_martial_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Third Republic and martial law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Republic_and_martial_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Project_Nexus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Project_Nexus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Project Nexus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Project_Nexus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roles_and_responsibilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roles_and_responsibilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Roles and responsibilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roles_and_responsibilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Convertible_currencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Convertible_currencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Convertible currencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Convertible_currencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microfinance_and_financial_inclusion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microfinance_and_financial_inclusion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Microfinance and financial inclusion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microfinance_and_financial_inclusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-money_laundering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-money_laundering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Anti-money laundering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-money_laundering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Governors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Logo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security_Plant_Complex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_Plant_Complex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Security Plant Complex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_Plant_Complex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of 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article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="البنك المركزي الفلبيني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البنك المركزي الفلبيني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zentralbank_der_Philippinen" title="Zentralbank der Philippinen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zentralbank der Philippinen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banco_Central_de_Filipinas" title="Banco Central de Filipinas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Banco Central de Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banque_centrale_des_Philippines" title="Banque centrale des Philippines – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Banque centrale des Philippines" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF" title="Ֆիլիպինների ազգային բանկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆիլիպինների ազգային բանկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banca_centrale_delle_Filippine" title="Banca centrale delle Filippine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Banca centrale delle Filippine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9C%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6_%E1%80%97%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%8F%E1%80%BA" title="ဖိလစ်ပိုင်နိုင်ငံ ဗဟိုဘဏ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖိလစ်ပိုင်နိုင်ငံ ဗဟိုဘဏ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="フィリピン中央銀行 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィリピン中央銀行" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippinenes_sentralbank" title="Filippinenes sentralbank – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Filippinenes sentralbank" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralny_Bank_Filipin" title="Centralny Bank Filipin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Centralny Bank Filipin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Центральный банк Филиппин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Центральный банк Филиппин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="菲律宾中央银行 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="菲律宾中央银行" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1853468#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&params=14_33_39_N_120_59_18_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°33′39″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°59′18″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.56083°N 120.98833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.56083; 120.98833</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Central bank of the Philippines</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about central bank in the Philippines. For the Philippine scouting organization also abbreviated as "BSP", see <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_the_Philippines" title="Boy Scouts of the Philippines">Boy Scouts of the Philippines</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/BSP_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="BSP (disambiguation)">BSP (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas_2020_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Seal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas_2020_logo.svg/220px-Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas_2020_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas_2020_logo.svg/330px-Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas_2020_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas_2020_logo.svg/440px-Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas_2020_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Seal</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Historic_sites_in_Pasay_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The multi-storey building of the BSP Complex in Manila" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Historic_sites_in_Pasay_08.jpg/220px-Historic_sites_in_Pasay_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Historic_sites_in_Pasay_08.jpg/330px-Historic_sites_in_Pasay_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Historic_sites_in_Pasay_08.jpg/440px-Historic_sites_in_Pasay_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The multi-storey building of the BSP Complex in Manila</div></td></tr><tr class="label"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">BSP Complex, <a href="/wiki/Roxas_Boulevard" title="Roxas Boulevard">Roxas Boulevard</a>, Manila, Philippines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&params=14_33_39_N_120_59_18_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°33′39″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°59′18″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.56083°N 120.98833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.56083; 120.98833</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">January 3, 1949<span class="noprint">; 76 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">January 3, 1949</span>)</span><br />July 3, 1993<span class="noprint">; 31 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">July 3, 1993</span>)</span> (reestablished as per the New Central Bank Act)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ownership</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">Independent of government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eli_Remolona" title="Eli Remolona">Eli M. Remolona, Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Central bank of</th><td class="infobox-data">Philippines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Philippine peso</a><br />PHP (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reserves</th><td class="infobox-data">US$107.71 billion<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bank_rate" title="Bank rate">Bank rate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3.50%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Central Bank of the Philippines (1949–1993) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Bank" title="Philippine National Bank">Philippine National Bank</a> (1916–1949)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bsp.gov.ph">www<wbr />.bsp<wbr />.gov<wbr />.ph</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1853468#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas</b> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Central Bank of the Philippines</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>; commonly abbreviated as <b>BSP</b> in both Filipino and English) is the <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. It was established on January 3, 1949, and then re-established on July 3, 1993 pursuant to the provision of Republic Act 7653 or the New Central Bank Act of 1993<sup id="cite_ref-ra7653_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra7653-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as amended by Republic Act 11211 or the New Central Bank Act of 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-ra11211_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra11211-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The principal author was Senator <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a>. It was signed by President <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_era_and_World_War_II">American era and World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: American era and World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Special:EditPage/Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas%22">"Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1900, the <a href="/wiki/Schurman_Commission" title="Schurman Commission">First Philippine Commission</a> passed Act No. 52,<sup id="cite_ref-act52_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act52-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which placed all banks under the Bureau of the Treasury and authorizing the Insular Treasurer to supervise and examine banks and all banking activity. In 1929, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Department of Finance (Philippines)">Department of Finance</a>, through the Bureau of Banking, took over bank supervision. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangko_Sentral_(Roxas_Boulevard,_Manila;_01-30-2021).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/Bangko_Sentral_%28Roxas_Boulevard%2C_Manila%3B_01-30-2021%29.jpg/220px-Bangko_Sentral_%28Roxas_Boulevard%2C_Manila%3B_01-30-2021%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/Bangko_Sentral_%28Roxas_Boulevard%2C_Manila%3B_01-30-2021%29.jpg/330px-Bangko_Sentral_%28Roxas_Boulevard%2C_Manila%3B_01-30-2021%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/Bangko_Sentral_%28Roxas_Boulevard%2C_Manila%3B_01-30-2021%29.jpg/440px-Bangko_Sentral_%28Roxas_Boulevard%2C_Manila%3B_01-30-2021%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3552" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption>BSP Complex in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> still bearing the old logo, January 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1933, a group of <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipinos</a> had conceptualized a central bank for the <a href="/wiki/Insular_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular Government">Philippine Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontemayor19987_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontemayor19987-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It came up with the rudiments of a bill for the establishment of a central bank after a careful study of the economic provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Hare%E2%80%93Hawes%E2%80%93Cutting_Act" title="Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act">Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act</a>, which would grant Philippine independence after 12 years, but reserving military and naval bases for the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and imposing tariffs and quotas on Philippine exports. However, the Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act would be rejected by the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate of the Philippines</a> at the urging of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines#Philippine_Commonwealth" title="President of the Philippines">Commonwealth President</a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a>. This Senate then advocated a new bill that won <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">United States President</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>'s support, this would be the <a href="/wiki/Tydings%E2%80%93McDuffie_Act" title="Tydings–McDuffie Act">Tydings–McDuffie Act</a>, which would grant Philippine independence on July 4, 1946. </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth</a>, discussions continued regarding the idea of a Philippine central bank that would promote <a href="/wiki/Price_stability" title="Price stability">price stability</a> and economic growth. The country's monetary system then was administered by the Department of Finance and the National Treasury, and the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_piso" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine piso">Philippine piso</a> was on the exchange standard using the <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a>, which was backed by 100 percent <a href="/wiki/Gold_reserve" title="Gold reserve">gold reserve</a>, as the standard currency. </p><p>As required by the <a href="/wiki/Tydings%E2%80%93McDuffie_Act" title="Tydings–McDuffie Act">Tydings–McDuffie Act</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_the_Philippines" title="National Assembly of the Philippines">National Assembly of the Philippines</a> in 1939 passed a law establishing a central bank. As it was a monetary law, it required the approval of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>; <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> did not give his. A second law was passed in 1944 under the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines" title="Japanese occupation of the Philippines">Japanese-controlled</a> <a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Second Republic</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, but the 1945 arrival of American liberation forces, aided by Philippine Commonwealth troops and recognised guerrillas, aborted its implementation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Republic_and_martial_law">Third Republic and martial law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Third Republic and martial law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly after <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a> assumed office in 1946, he instructed then-<a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Finance (Philippines)">Finance Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Cuaderno_Sr." title="Miguel Cuaderno Sr.">Miguel Cuaderno, Sr.</a> to draw up a charter for a central bank.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The establishment of a monetary authority became imperative a year later as a result of the findings of the Joint Philippine-American Finance Commission chaired by Cuaderno. The commission, which studied Philippine financial, monetary, and fiscal problems in 1947, recommended a shift from the dollar exchange standard to a <a href="/wiki/Fixed_exchange_rate_system" title="Fixed exchange rate system">managed currency</a> system. A central bank was needed to implement this proposed shift. </p><p>Roxas then created the Central Bank Council to prepare the charter of a proposed monetary authority. It was submitted to <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Congress</a> in February 1948. The Central Bank Act authored by then Congressman <a href="/wiki/Jose_Roy" title="Jose Roy">José J. Roy</a> was signed into law in June of the same year <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the newly proclaimed President <a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a>, who succeeded the late President Roxas, affixing his signature on <a href="/wiki/Republic_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic Act">Republic Act</a> (RA) No. 265 or the Central Bank Act of 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-ra265_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra265-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 3, 1949, the Central Bank of the Philippines was formally inaugurated with Cuaderno as the first governor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontemayor199818–20_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontemayor199818–20-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main duties and responsibilities of the Central Bank were to promote economic development and maintain internal and external monetary stability.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the years, changes were introduced to make the charter more responsive to the needs of the economy. On November 29, 1972, President <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a>' Presidential Decree No. 72<sup id="cite_ref-pd72_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pd72-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> amended Republic Act No. 265, emphasizing the maintenance of domestic and international monetary stability as the primary objective of the Central Bank. The Bank's authority was also expanded to include regulation of the nation's entire financial system just supervision of the banking system. In 1981, RA 265, as amended, was further improved to strengthen the financial system,<sup id="cite_ref-ra265_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra265-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among the changes was the increase in the capitalization of the Central Bank from <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">₱</a>10 million to ₱10 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-pd72_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pd72-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">1973 Constitution</a>, the interim <i><a href="/wiki/Batasang_Pambansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Batasang Pambansa">Batasang Pambansa</a></i> (National Assembly) was mandated to establish an independent central monetary authority. Presidential Decree No. 1801 designated the Central Bank of the Philippines as the central monetary authority (CMA).<sup id="cite_ref-pd1801_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pd1801-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a confidential October 19, 1984 Monetary Board report, the Central bank overstated the country's dollar reserves at $600 million.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">overthrow</a> of President Marcos, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">1987 Constitution</a> adopted the CMA provisions from the 1973 Constitution that were aimed at establishing an independent monetary authority through increased capitalization and greater private sector representation in the Monetary Board.<sup id="cite_ref-pd1801_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pd1801-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Present">Present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In accordance with a provision in the 1987 Constitution, President <a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> signed <a href="/wiki/Republic_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic Act">Republic Act</a> No. 7653, otherwise known as <i>The New Central Bank Act</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-ra7653_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra7653-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into law on June 14, 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontemayor1998128_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontemayor1998128-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taking on the reins of the then bankrupted entity<sup id="cite_ref-old_central_bank_pre_BSP_bankrupted_by_marcos_regime_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old_central_bank_pre_BSP_bankrupted_by_marcos_regime-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-old_central_bank_pre_BSP_bankrupted_by_marcos_regime2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old_central_bank_pre_BSP_bankrupted_by_marcos_regime2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, this new law provides for the establishment of an independent monetary authority to be known as the "<i>Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas</i>", its primary objective being the maintenance of price stability. This objective was only implied in the old Central Bank charter. The law also gives the <i>Bangko Sentral</i> fiscal and administrative autonomy which the old Central Bank did not have. On July 3, 1993, the New Central Bank Act took effect.<sup id="cite_ref-ra7653_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra7653-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BSP_-_Zamboanga_City.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/BSP_-_Zamboanga_City.JPG/220px-BSP_-_Zamboanga_City.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/BSP_-_Zamboanga_City.JPG/330px-BSP_-_Zamboanga_City.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/BSP_-_Zamboanga_City.JPG/440px-BSP_-_Zamboanga_City.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3984" data-file-height="2656" /></a><figcaption>BSP Branch in <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On the evening of September 26, 2012, a Wednesday, the BSP website was hacked by a group named <i>Anonymous Philippine</i>s in a protest against the recently passed <a href="/wiki/Cybercrime_Prevention_Act_of_2012" title="Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012">Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The website was promptly restored in the early hours of the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 23, 2013, <a href="/wiki/The_Asian_Banker" title="The Asian Banker">The Asian Banker</a> named the BSP as the Best Macroeconomic Regulator in the Asia-Pacific Region for 2013 in <i>The Asian Banker Leadership Achievement Awards</i> in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BSP was cited as a "good, strong, and fair-minded regulator." About a month later, the BSP was given the country award by the Child and Youth Finance International in its 2013 International Summit in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey, in recognition of its initiative to integrate <a href="/wiki/Financial_literacy" title="Financial literacy">financial literacy education</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines#mababang_paaralan" title="Education in the Philippines">Philippine elementary school curriculum.</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, President <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> signed R.A. 11211, further increasing the Bank's capitalization to ₱200 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ra11211_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra11211-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Project_Nexus">Project Nexus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Project Nexus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bank_for_International_Settlements" title="Bank for International Settlements">Bank for International Settlements</a> signed an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Malaysia" title="Central Bank of Malaysia">Central Bank of Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Thailand" title="Bank of Thailand">Bank of Thailand</a>, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, <a href="/wiki/Monetary_Authority_of_Singapore" title="Monetary Authority of Singapore">Monetary Authority of Singapore</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> on 30 June 2024 as founding member of Project Nexus, a multilateral international initiative to enable retail cross-border payments. <a href="/wiki/Bank_Indonesia" title="Bank Indonesia">Bank Indonesia</a> involved as a special observer. The platform, which is expected to go live by 2026, will interlink domestic fast payment systems of the member countries.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roles_and_responsibilities">Roles and responsibilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Roles and responsibilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As prescribed by the <i>New Central Bank Act</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the main functions of the Bangko Sentral are: </p> <ol><li><b>Liquidity management</b>, by formulating and implementing monetary policy aimed at influencing money supply, consistent with its primary objective to maintain price stability,</li> <li><b>Currency issue</b>. The BSP has the exclusive power to issue the national currency. All notes and coins issued by the BSP are fully guaranteed by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Government of the Philippines">Government</a> and are considered <a href="/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a> for all private and public debts,</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lender_of_last_resort" title="Lender of last resort">Lender of last resort</a></b>, by extending discounts, loans and advances to banking institutions for <a href="/wiki/Liquidity" title="Liquidity">liquidity</a> purposes,</li> <li><b>Financial supervision</b>, by supervising banks and exercising regulatory powers over non-bank institutions performing quasi-banking functions,</li> <li><b>Management of foreign currency reserves</b>, by maintaining sufficient <a href="/wiki/Foreign-exchange_reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign-exchange reserves">international reserves</a> to meet any foreseeable net demands for foreign currencies in order to preserve the international stability and convertibility of the Philippine peso,</li> <li><b>Determination of <a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange rate policy">exchange rate policy</a></b>, by determining the exchange rate policy of the Philippines. Currently, the BSP adheres to a <a href="/wiki/Floating_exchange_rate" title="Floating exchange rate">market-oriented foreign exchange rate</a> policy, and</li> <li>Being the banker, financial advisor and official depository of the Government, its political subdivisions and instrumentalities and <a href="/wiki/Government_owned_and_controlled_corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Government owned and controlled corporation">GOCCs</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The basic structure<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Bangko Sentral includes: </p> <ul><li>The <b>Monetary Board</b>, which exercises the powers and functions of the BSP, such as the conduct of monetary policy and supervision of the financial system;</li> <li>The <b>Monetary and Economics Sector</b>, which takes charge of the formulation and implementation of the BSP's monetary policy, including serving the banking needs of all banks through accepting deposits, servicing withdrawals and extending credit through the rediscounting facility;</li> <li>The <b>Financial Supervision Sector</b>, which enforces and monitors compliance to banking laws to promote a sound and healthy banking system;</li> <li>The <b>Payments and Currency Management Sector,</b> which maintains the safety and integrity of the Philippine currency and ensuring a well-functioning payments and cash ecosystem;</li> <li>The <b>Corporate Services Sector</b>, which serves the human, financial and physical resource needs of the BSP; and</li> <li>The <b>Regional Operations and Advocacy Sector</b>, which manages activities related to regional operations, consumer empowerment and advocacy, and communications.<sup id="cite_ref-BSPgovernance23_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BSPgovernance23-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The powers and function of Bangko Sentral are exercised by its Monetary Board, whose seven members are appointed by the President of the Philippines. As provided for by RA 7653 or the New Central Bank Act, one of the government sector members of the Monetary Board must also be a member of <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">Cabinet</a>. Members of the Monetary Board are prohibited from holding certain positions in other government agencies and private institutions that may give rise to conflicts of interest. The members have fixed and overlapping terms, except for the Cabinet Secretary representing the incumbent administration.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current members<sup id="cite_ref-BSPgovernance23_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BSPgovernance23-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Monetary Board are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eli_M._Remolona,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Eli M. Remolona, Jr.">Eli M. Remolona, Jr.</a> – <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">BSP Governor</a> and Chairman of the Monetary Board <ul><li>Francisco G. Dakila, Jr. – Deputy Governor for Monetary and Economics Sector</li> <li>Chuchi G. Fonacier – Deputy Governor for Financial Supervision Sector</li> <li>Mamerto E. Tangonan – Deputy Governor for Payments and Currency Management Sector</li> <li>Eduardo G. Bobier – Deputy Governor for Corporate Services Sector</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Romulo-Puyat" title="Bernadette Romulo-Puyat">Bernadette Romulo-Puyat</a> – Deputy Governor for Regional Operations and Advocacy Sector</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Recto" title="Ralph Recto">Ralph Recto</a> - Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Department of Finance (Philippines)">Department of Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Diokno" title="Benjamin Diokno">Benjamin Diokno</a> - Monetary Board Member</li> <li>Rosalia V. De Leon - Monetary Board Member, former <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Finance_(Philippines)#Bureaus" title="Department of Finance (Philippines)">National Treasurer</a></li> <li>Romeo L. Bernardo - Monetary Board Member, former undersecretary of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Department of Finance (Philippines)">Department of Finance</a></li> <li>Walter C. Wassmer - Monetary Board Member</li> <li>Jose Querubin - Monetary Board Member<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Convertible_currencies">Convertible currencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Convertible currencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bangko Sentral has 32 currencies directly convertible with the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Philippine peso</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which serves as a benchmark for all Philippine banks. </p><p>Convertible currencies with Bangko Sentral: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a> (AUD)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain"><img alt="Bahrain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bahraini_dinar" title="Bahraini dinar">Bahraini dinar</a> (BHD)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">British pound</a> (GBP)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brunei_dollar" title="Brunei dollar">Brunei dollar</a> (BND)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a> (CAD)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Chinese yuan</a> (CNY)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"><img alt="Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (EUR)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong"><img alt="Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Hong Kong dollar">Hong Kong dollar</a> (HKD)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Indonesian rupiah</a> (IDR)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a> (JPY)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">South Korean won</a> (KRW)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait"><img alt="Kuwait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_dinar" title="Kuwaiti dinar">Kuwaiti dinar</a> (KWD)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_riyal" title="Saudi riyal">Saudi riyal</a> (SAR)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">Singapore dollar</a> (SGD)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss franc</a> (CHF)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thai_baht" title="Thai baht">Thai baht</a> (THB)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_dirham" title="United Arab Emirates dirham">United Arab Emirates dirham</a> (AED)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a> (USD)</li></ul> </div> <p>Others (Not Convertible With BSP): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Peso" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine Peso">Argentina Peso</a> (ARS)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Real" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Real">Brazil Real</a> (BRL)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Danish_Krone" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Krone">Denmark Kroner</a> (DKK)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rupee" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Rupee">India Rupee</a> (INR)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Ringgit" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Ringgit">Malaysia Ringgit</a> (MYR)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Peso" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Peso">Mexico New Peso</a> (MXN)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Dollar">New Zealand Dollar</a> (NZD)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Krone" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Krone">Norway Kroner</a> (NOK)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Rupee" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani Rupee">Pakistan Rupee</a> (PKR)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_African_Rand" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Rand">South Africa Rand</a> (ZAR)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Krona" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Krona">Sweden Kroner</a> (SEK)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Pound" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Pound">Syria Pound</a> (SYP)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_Dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="New Taiwan Dollar">Taiwan NT Dollar</a> (TWD)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Bolivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan Bolivar">Venezuela Bolivar</a> (VEB)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Microfinance_and_financial_inclusion">Microfinance and financial inclusion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Microfinance and financial inclusion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2000, the General Banking Law<sup id="cite_ref-ra8791_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra8791-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mandated the BSP to recognize <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">microfinance</a> as a legitimate banking activity and to set the rules and regulations for its practice within the banking sector. In the same year, the BSP declared microfinance as its flagship program for <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a> alleviation. The BSP has become the prime advocate for the development of microfinance. To this end, the Bangko Sentral aims to: </p> <ol><li>Provide the enabling policy and regulatory environment;</li> <li>Increase the capacity of the BSP and banking sector on microfinance operations; and</li> <li>Promote and advocate for the development of sound and sustainable microfinance operations.</li></ol> <p>The Bank is active in promoting a <a href="/wiki/Financial_inclusion" title="Financial inclusion">financial inclusion</a> policy and is a leading member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also one of the original 17 regulatory institutions to make specific national commitments to financial inclusion under the <a href="/wiki/The_Maya_Declaration" title="The Maya Declaration">Maya Declaration</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the 2011 <a href="/wiki/AFI_Global_Policy_Forum" title="AFI Global Policy Forum">Global Policy Forum</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anti-money_laundering">Anti-money laundering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Anti-money laundering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> being one of the problems of the Philippines,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the BSP has issued a number of measures to bring the Philippines' regulatory regime on money laundering closer to international standards. In September 2001, the <i>Anti-Money Laundering Act</i>, or AMLA, was made into law.<sup id="cite_ref-ra9160_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra9160-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The AMLA defined money laundering a criminal offense, and prescribed corresponding penalties. It also provided the foundation for a central monitoring and implementing council called the <i><a href="/wiki/Anti-Money_Laundering_Council_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Money Laundering Council (Philippines)">Anti-Money Laundering Council</a></i> (AMLC). The AMLC is composed of the Governor of the Bangko Sentral as chair, and the Commissioner of the Insurance Commission and the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Commission_(Philippines)" title="Securities and Exchange Commission (Philippines)">Securities and Exchange Commission</a> as members, all acting unanimously in the discharge of the group's mandate.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2013, Philippine President <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a> signed "Republic Act No. 10365" known as <i>An Act Further Strengthening the Anti-Money Laundering Law</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-ra10365_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra10365-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which aims to strengthen the AMLC by requiring that any suspicious transaction in foreign exchange, real estate, and jewelry and precious metal trading be reported.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governors">Governors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">Governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Logo">Logo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Logo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas_(BSP).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas_%28BSP%29.svg/220px-Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas_%28BSP%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas_%28BSP%29.svg/330px-Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas_%28BSP%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas_%28BSP%29.svg/440px-Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas_%28BSP%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>Logo used since June 18, 2010 (concurrently with the 1993 from June 18, 2010 to August 2, 2019 and 2020 logos since November 20, 2020) that is still used in Philippine peso banknotes and coinage in circulation since December 16, 2010 and November 30, 2017, respectively. It was used on <a href="/wiki/New_Generation_Currency" class="mw-redirect" title="New Generation Currency">New Generation Currency</a> banknotes printed from December 16, 2010 to December 2022 and coins minted from November 30, 2017 until the said month of 2022, and on its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> and Security Plant Complex in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> from 2012 to 2022.</figcaption></figure> <p>The 2020 logo of Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas was first adopted as the central bank's primary logo in November 20, 2020 with the design receiving endorsement by the <a href="/wiki/National_Historical_Commission_of_the_Philippines" title="National Historical Commission of the Philippines">National Historical Commission of the Philippines</a> (NHCP).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The circular symbol features a full-bodied gold-colored <a href="/wiki/Philippine_eagle" title="Philippine eagle">Philippine eagle</a> based on actual photographs of the bird and three stars.<sup id="cite_ref-adoptsnew_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adoptsnew-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The logo featuring a blue and white logo and a more stylized rendition of the eagle, used since June 18, 2010 (concurrently with the 1993 from June 18, 2010 until the demonetization of commemorative banknotes under the <a href="/wiki/New_Design_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="New Design Series">New Design Series</a> on August 2, 2019 and 2020 logos since November 20, 2020), is still currently used in banknotes and coinage in circulation since December 16, 2010 and November 30, 2017, respectively. It was used on <a href="/wiki/New_Generation_Currency" class="mw-redirect" title="New Generation Currency">New Generation Currency</a> banknotes printed from December 16, 2010 to December 2022 and coins minted from November 30, 2017 until the said month of 2022, and on its headquarters in Manila and Security Plant Complex in Quezon City from 2012 to 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adoptsnew_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adoptsnew-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Museum">Museum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the main Manila complex of the BSP is the <i>Museo ng Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas</i> (English: Museum of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas). Inaugurated on January 3, 1999, as part of the golden jubilee of central banking in the country, the <i>Museo</i> showcases the BSP's collection of currencies.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As repository and custodian of the country's <a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">numismatic</a> heritage, the <i>Museo</i> collects, studies and preserves coins, paper notes, medals, artifacts and monetary items found in the Philippines during its different historical periods. These collections have been placed on permanent display at the <i>Museo</i>. Designed to "walk" the visitor through a number of galleries dedicated to a specific historical period of the country, the <i>Museo</i> visually narrates the development of the Philippine economy, parallel to the evolution of its currency.<sup id="cite_ref-50_Years_of_Central_Banking_in_the_Philippines_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50_Years_of_Central_Banking_in_the_Philippines-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Complementary paintings from the BSP's art collection,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> together with chosen artifacts, enhance each gallery. </p><p>A panoramic memorabilia of central banking in the Philippines, it showcases the strides made in bringing about price stability to sustain economic growth in the country. The exhibition hall also features portrait busts of previous governors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security_Plant_Complex">Security Plant Complex</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Security Plant Complex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangko_Sentral_Security_Plant_(East_Avenue,_Quezon_City;_03-13-2021).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bangko_Sentral_Security_Plant_%28East_Avenue%2C_Quezon_City%3B_03-13-2021%29.jpg/220px-Bangko_Sentral_Security_Plant_%28East_Avenue%2C_Quezon_City%3B_03-13-2021%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bangko_Sentral_Security_Plant_%28East_Avenue%2C_Quezon_City%3B_03-13-2021%29.jpg/330px-Bangko_Sentral_Security_Plant_%28East_Avenue%2C_Quezon_City%3B_03-13-2021%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bangko_Sentral_Security_Plant_%28East_Avenue%2C_Quezon_City%3B_03-13-2021%29.jpg/440px-Bangko_Sentral_Security_Plant_%28East_Avenue%2C_Quezon_City%3B_03-13-2021%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3552" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption>Security Plant Complex in Quezon City.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Security Plant Complex, or SPC, was formally established on September 7, 1978, to safeguard the printing, minting, refining, issuance, distribution and durability of coins, <a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">banknotes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold_bar" title="Gold bar">gold bars</a>, government official receipts, <a href="/wiki/Lottery" title="Lottery">lottery</a> tickets, internal <a href="/wiki/Revenue_stamp" title="Revenue stamp">revenue stamps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">passports</a>, seaman identification record books, strip <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">stamps</a>, official documents, registration certificates, <a href="/wiki/Torrens_title" title="Torrens title">Torrens titles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrant_(finance)" title="Warrant (finance)">treasury warrants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stocks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a>, government contracts, <a href="/wiki/Ration_stamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Ration stamp">ration coupons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballot" title="Ballot">official ballots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines" title="Elections in the Philippines">election return forms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheque" title="Cheque">checks</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Security_printing" title="Security printing">security printing</a> or minting jobs of the Philippine government. </p><p>Printing of official ballots and other public documents was later transferred to the <a href="/wiki/National_Printing_Office" title="National Printing Office">National Printing Office</a> pursuant to Executive Order No. 285<sup id="cite_ref-eo285_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eo285-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> issued on July 25, 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-npo_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npo-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 4, 2003, President <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> issued "Administrative Order No. 79",<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which designated the SPC as the sole producer of <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Philippines" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Philippines">insignia of national orders, decorations, and medals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-npo-2_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npo-2-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The BSP will relocate its security plant complex from <a href="/wiki/East_Avenue,_Quezon_City" class="mw-redirect" title="East Avenue, Quezon City">East Avenue, Quezon City</a> to the <a href="/wiki/National_Government_Administrative_Center" title="National Government Administrative Center">National Government Administrative Center</a> district of <a href="/wiki/New_Clark_City" title="New Clark City">New Clark City</a> in <a href="/wiki/Capas,_Tarlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Capas, Tarlac">Capas, Tarlac</a> after it signed a memorandum of agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Bases_Conversion_and_Development_Authority" title="Bases Conversion and Development Authority">Bases Conversion and Development Authority</a> in September 2019. The new currency production facility will be located on a 29-hectare (72-acre) plot near the access road connecting <a href="/wiki/New_Clark_City" title="New Clark City">New Clark City</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Subic%E2%80%93Clark%E2%80%93Tarlac_Expressway" title="Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway">Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway</a> and it is expected to be completed within two years.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippine_land_title.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Philippine Torrens title, dated to December 1961"><img alt="A Philippine Torrens title, dated to December 1961" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Philippine_land_title.jpg/77px-Philippine_land_title.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Philippine_land_title.jpg/116px-Philippine_land_title.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Philippine_land_title.jpg/154px-Philippine_land_title.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="1673" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Philippine Torrens title, dated to December 1961</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Regular_Philippine_Passport.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Current version of the Philippine passport, equipped with biometric technology."><img alt="Current version of the Philippine passport, equipped with biometric technology." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Regular_Philippine_Passport.svg/84px-Regular_Philippine_Passport.svg.png" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Regular_Philippine_Passport.svg/127px-Regular_Philippine_Passport.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Regular_Philippine_Passport.svg/169px-Regular_Philippine_Passport.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Current version of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_passport" title="Philippine passport">Philippine passport</a>, equipped with <a href="/wiki/Biometric_passport" title="Biometric passport">biometric</a> technology. </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_banks" title="List of central banks">List of central banks</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bsp.gov.ph/statistics/external/tab4_gir.aspx">"Gross International Reserves"</a>. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122045218/https://www.bsp.gov.ph/statistics/external/tab4_gir.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. December 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BSP+Adopts+a+New+Logo&rft.date=2020-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsp.gov.ph%2FSitePages%2FMediaAndResearch%2FMediaDisp.aspx%3FItemId%3D5644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bsp.gov.ph/Media_And_Research/Annual%20Report/annrep2010.pdf">"BSP AR 2010 with ERM inputs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BSP+AR+2010+with+ERM+inputs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsp.gov.ph%2FMedia_And_Research%2FAnnual%2520Report%2Fannrep2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsp.gov.ph/about/facilities_money.asp">"The Money Museum"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130606095357/http://www.bsp.gov.ph/about/facilities_money.asp">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Money+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsp.gov.ph%2Fabout%2Ffacilities_money.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50_Years_of_Central_Banking_in_the_Philippines-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50_Years_of_Central_Banking_in_the_Philippines_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdel_Mundo1998" class="citation book cs1">del Mundo, Antonio (1998). <i>The Money Museum</i>. Manila, Philippines: Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. pp. <span class="nowrap">205–</span>212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/971-91785-1-5" title="Special:BookSources/971-91785-1-5"><bdi>971-91785-1-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Money+Museum&rft.place=Manila%2C+Philippines&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E205-%3C%2Fspan%3E212&rft.pub=Bangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=971-91785-1-5&rft.aulast=del+Mundo&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcelo" class="citation news cs1">Marcelo, Sam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923221530/http://www.bworldonline.com/weekender/content.php?id=49207">"The BSP art collection: Figures and paintings"</a>. <i>BusinessWorld</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bworldonline.com/weekender/content.php?id=49207">the original</a> on September 23, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BusinessWorld&rft.atitle=The+BSP+art+collection%3A+Figures+and+paintings&rft.aulast=Marcelo&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bworldonline.com%2Fweekender%2Fcontent.php%3Fid%3D49207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaya1998" class="citation book cs1">Laya, Jaime (1998). <i>The Central Bank and Culture and the Arts</i>. Manila, Philippines: Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. pp. <span class="nowrap">198–</span>204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/971-91785-1-5" title="Special:BookSources/971-91785-1-5"><bdi>971-91785-1-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Central+Bank+and+Culture+and+the+Arts&rft.place=Manila%2C+Philippines&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E198-%3C%2Fspan%3E204&rft.pub=Bangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=971-91785-1-5&rft.aulast=Laya&rft.aufirst=Jaime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eo285-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eo285_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFExecutive_Order_No._2851987" class="citation cs2">Executive Order No. 285 (July 25, 1987), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1987/07/25/executive-order-no-285-s-1987/"><i>Abolishing the General Services Administration and Transferring Its Functions to Appropriate Government Agencies</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Official_Gazette_(Philippines)" title="Official Gazette (Philippines)">Official Gazette</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abolishing+the+General+Services+Administration+and+Transferring+Its+Functions+to+Appropriate+Government+Agencies&rft.pub=Official+Gazette&rft.date=1987-07-25&rft.au=Executive+Order+No.+285&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialgazette.gov.ph%2F1987%2F07%2F25%2Fexecutive-order-no-285-s-1987%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npo-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-npo_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100603042811/http://www.ops.gov.ph/npo/">"ABOUT NATIONAL PRINTING OFFICE"</a>. <i>Office of the Press Secretary – National Printing Office</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ops.gov.ph/npo/">the original</a> on June 3, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Press+Secretary+%E2%80%93+National+Printing+Office&rft.atitle=ABOUT+NATIONAL+PRINTING+OFFICE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ops.gov.ph%2Fnpo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdministrative_Order_No._792003" class="citation cs2">Administrative Order No. 79 (August 4, 2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2003/08/04/administrative-order-no-79"><i>Designating the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas as the Exclusive Manufacturer of Presidential Medals and Decorations</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Official_Gazette_(Philippines)" title="Official Gazette (Philippines)">Official Gazette</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designating+the+Bangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas+as+the+Exclusive+Manufacturer+of+Presidential+Medals+and+Decorations&rft.pub=Official+Gazette&rft.date=2003-08-04&rft.au=Administrative+Order+No.+79&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialgazette.gov.ph%2F2003%2F08%2F04%2Fadministrative-order-no-79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npo-2-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-npo-2_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsp.gov.ph/about/spc/page6.asp">"Presidential Medals and Decorations"</a>. <i>Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110124064721/http://www.bsp.gov.ph/about/spc/page6.asp">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas&rft.atitle=Presidential+Medals+and+Decorations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsp.gov.ph%2Fabout%2Fspc%2Fpage6.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalig2019" class="citation news cs1">Malig, Jun A. (September 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/business/240096-bsp-build-modern-security-plant-complex-new-clark-city">"BSP to build modern security plant complex in New Clark City"</a>. <i>Rappler</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=BSP+to+build+modern+security+plant+complex+in+New+Clark+City&rft.date=2019-09-14&rft.aulast=Malig&rft.aufirst=Jun+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fbusiness%2F240096-bsp-build-modern-security-plant-complex-new-clark-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsp.gov.ph/about/overview.asp">About the <i>Bangko Sentral</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillegas1983" class="citation book cs1">Villegas, Ramón N. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1krAAAAMAAJ"><i>Kayamanan: The Philippine Jewelry Tradition</i></a>. Central Bank of the Philippines. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9711039001" title="Special:BookSources/9711039001"><bdi>9711039001</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kayamanan%3A+The+Philippine+Jewelry+Tradition&rft.pub=Central+Bank+of+the+Philippines&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9711039001&rft.aulast=Villegas&rft.aufirst=Ram%C3%B3n+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY1krAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontemayor1998" class="citation book cs1">Montemayor, Rafaelita V.; et al. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animosearch.dlsu.edu.ph/discovery/fulldisplay?vid=63DLSUL_INST:ANIMOSEARCH&tab=LibraryCatalog&docid=alma991000003939706351&context=L"><i>50 Years of Central Banking in the Philippines</i></a>. Manila, Philippines: Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/971-91785-1-5" title="Special:BookSources/971-91785-1-5"><bdi>971-91785-1-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/42772558">42772558</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=50+Years+of+Central+Banking+in+the+Philippines&rft.place=Manila%2C+Philippines&rft.pub=Bangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F42772558&rft.isbn=971-91785-1-5&rft.aulast=Montemayor&rft.aufirst=Rafaelita+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanimosearch.dlsu.edu.ph%2Fdiscovery%2Ffulldisplay%3Fvid%3D63DLSUL_INST%3AANIMOSEARCH%26tab%3DLibraryCatalog%26docid%3Dalma991000003939706351%26context%3DL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangko+Sentral+ng+Pilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bsp.gov.ph/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bsp.gov.ph/SitePages/Statistics/ExchangeRate.aspx">Bsp exchange rate</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippines" title="Economy of the Philippines">Economy of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Philippine_money" title="History of Philippine money">Monetary evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Philippines_(1973%E2%80%931986)" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic history of the Philippines (1973–1986)">Martial Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel%E2%80%93Langley_Agreement" title="Laurel–Langley Agreement">Laurel–Langley Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newly_industrialized_country" title="Newly industrialized country">NIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Cub_Economies" title="Tiger Cub Economies">Tiger Cub Economies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Century" title="Asian Century">Asian Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–08">Financial crisis of 2007–08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Largest_projects_in_the_Philippine_economy" title="Largest projects in the Philippine economy">Largest projects</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Makati_skyline_j_0_n.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The skyline of Makati City"><img alt="The skyline of Makati City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Makati_skyline_j_0_n.jpg/100px-Makati_skyline_j_0_n.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Makati_skyline_j_0_n.jpg/150px-Makati_skyline_j_0_n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Makati_skyline_j_0_n.jpg/200px-Makati_skyline_j_0_n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abscbn_broadcast_center.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center"><img alt="ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Abscbn_broadcast_center.jpg/100px-Abscbn_broadcast_center.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Abscbn_broadcast_center.jpg/150px-Abscbn_broadcast_center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Abscbn_broadcast_center.jpg/200px-Abscbn_broadcast_center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rockwellcenter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rockwell Center"><img alt="Rockwell Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rockwellcenter.jpg/100px-Rockwellcenter.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rockwellcenter.jpg/150px-Rockwellcenter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rockwellcenter.jpg/200px-Rockwellcenter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2523" data-file-height="1496" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry and Business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Philippines" title="Agriculture in the Philippines">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Philippines" title="Automotive industry in the Philippines">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_process_outsourcing_in_the_Philippines" title="Business process outsourcing in the Philippines">Business outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_the_Philippines" title="Electricity sector in the Philippines">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_plants_in_the_Philippines" title="List of power plants in the Philippines">Power plants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_the_Philippines" title="Gambling in the Philippines">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_Philippines" title="Internet in the Philippines">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_Philippines" title="List of radio stations in the Philippines">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Philippines" title="Telecommunications in the Philippines">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Philippines" title="Television in the Philippines">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_Philippines" title="List of companies of the Philippines">Companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economic Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Super_regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Super regions of the Philippines">North Luzon Agribusiness Quadrangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Super regions of the Philippines">Metro Luzon Urban Beltway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Super regions of the Philippines">Central Philippines Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Super regions of the Philippines">Mindanao Super Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Cyber_Corridor" title="Philippine Cyber Corridor">Cyber Corridor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_policy_of_the_Philippines" title="Fiscal policy of the Philippines">Fiscal policy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Philippine peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Stock_Exchange" title="Philippine Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Filipino_millionaires&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Filipino millionaires (page does not exist)">Billionaires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade and Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_Philippines" title="Transportation in the Philippines">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Philippines" title="Tourism in the Philippines">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_Philippines" title="Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines">Waterworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipping_companies_in_the_Philippines" title="List of shipping companies in the Philippines">Shipping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taxation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Philippines" title="Taxation in the Philippines">Tax System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Internal_Revenue_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of Internal Revenue (Philippines)">Bureau of Internal Revenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Energy_(Philippines)" title="Department of Energy (Philippines)">Department of Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Department of Finance (Philippines)">Department of Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Philippines)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)">Department of Trade and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_For_Economic_Reforms" title="Action For Economic Reforms">Action For Economic Reforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philippines_articles598" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippines_topics" title="Template:Philippines topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philippines_topics" title="Template talk:Philippines topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philippines_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philippines topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philippines_articles598" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines" title="History of the Philippines">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_Philippines" title="Archaeology of the Philippines">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Economic history of the Philippines">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Military history of the Philippines">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Political history of the Philippines">Political</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Philippine_history" title="Timeline of Philippine history">Chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_the_Philippines" title="Prehistory of the Philippines">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(900%E2%80%931565)" title="History of the Philippines (900–1565)">Pre-colonial era</a></li> <li>Colonial era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898)" title="History of the Philippines (1565–1898)">Spanish period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Philippines (1898–1946)">American period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines" title="Japanese occupation of the Philippines">Japanese occupation</a></li> <li>Postcolonial era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%931965)" title="History of the Philippines (1946–1965)">Third Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Marcos presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1986%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Philippines (1986–present)">Fifth Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Philippines" title="Geography of the Philippines">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bays_of_the_Philippines" title="List of bays of the Philippines">Bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_the_Philippines" title="Biosphere reserves of the Philippines">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_Philippines" title="Borders of the Philippines">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Philippines" title="Climate of the Philippines">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Philippines" title="Climate change in the Philippines">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoons_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoons in the Philippines">Typhoons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_Philippines" title="List of earthquakes in the Philippines">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoregions_in_the_Philippines" title="Ecoregions in the Philippines">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_Philippines" title="Extreme points of the Philippines">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Island groups of the Philippines">Island groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Philippines" title="List of islands of the Philippines">islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_the_Philippines" title="List of lakes of the Philippines">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_the_Philippines" title="List of mountains in the Philippines">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_the_Philippines" title="List of protected areas of the Philippines">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_Philippines" title="List of national parks of the Philippines">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_the_Philippines" title="List of Ramsar sites in the Philippines">Ramsar sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Philippines" title="List of rivers of the Philippines">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_volcanoes_in_the_Philippines" title="List of active volcanoes in the Philippines">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_the_Philippines" title="Wildlife of the Philippines">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Philippines" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Philippines" title="Politics of the Philippines">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" title="Administrative divisions of the Philippines">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines" title="Elections in the Philippines">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Philippines" title="Foreign relations of the Philippines">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Philippines" title="Human rights in the Philippines">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Philippines">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_legal_codes" title="Philippine legal codes">Legal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_families_in_the_Philippines" title="List of political families in the Philippines">Political families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Philippines" title="List of political parties in the Philippines">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Government44" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Government of the Philippines">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Executive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cabinets_of_the_Philippines" title="List of cabinets of the Philippines">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_departments_of_the_Philippines" title="Executive departments of the Philippines">Executive departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Office of the President of the Philippines">Executive office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Legislative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Philippines" title="Judiciary of the Philippines">Judicial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_of_the_Philippines" title="Court of Appeals of the Philippines">Court of Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Trial_Court" title="Regional Trial Court">Regional Trial Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Air_Force" title="Philippine Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Army" title="Philippine Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Navy" title="Philippine Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Marine_Corps" title="Philippine Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Coast_Guard" title="Philippine Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippines" title="Economy of the Philippines">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Philippines" title="Agriculture in the Philippines">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Philippines" title="Automotive industry in the Philippines">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_process_outsourcing_in_the_Philippines" title="Business process outsourcing in the Philippines">Business process outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_in_the_Philippines" title="Census in the Philippines">Census</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labor_in_the_Philippines" title="Child labor in the Philippines">Child labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Philippines" title="Energy in the Philippines">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_policy_of_the_Philippines" title="Fiscal policy of the Philippines">Fiscal policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_Philippines" title="National debt of the Philippines">National debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_policy_in_the_Philippines" title="Labor policy in the Philippines">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_Philippines" title="Science and technology in the Philippines">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Stock_Exchange" title="Philippine Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Philippines" title="Taxation in the Philippines">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Philippines" title="Telecommunications in the Philippines">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Philippines" title="Telephone numbers in the Philippines">Telephone numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Philippines" title="Tourism in the Philippines">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_the_Philippines" title="List of tourist attractions in the Philippines">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_Philippines" title="Transportation in the Philippines">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_Philippines" title="Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines">Water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZIP_codes_in_the_Philippines" title="ZIP codes in the Philippines">ZIP codes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Society of the Philippines">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Philippines" title="Abortion in the Philippines">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Philippines" title="Censorship in the Philippines">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Philippines" title="Corruption in the Philippines">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_Philippines" title="Crime in the Philippines">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Philippines" title="Demographics of the Philippines">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_the_Philippines" title="Divorce in the Philippines">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines" title="Education in the Philippines">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Philippines" title="Higher education in the Philippines">Higher education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_Philippines" title="Environmental issues in the Philippines">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Philippines" title="Climate change in the Philippines">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_Philippines" title="Deforestation in the Philippines">Deforestation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines" title="Ethnic groups in the Philippines">Ethnic groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Philippines" title="Indigenous peoples of the Philippines">Indigenous peoples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Filipinos" title="Genetic studies on Filipinos">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_Philippines" title="Health in the Philippines">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_Philippines" title="Human trafficking in the Philippines">Human trafficking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_the_Philippines" title="Sex trafficking in the Philippines">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_Philippines" title="Immigration to the Philippines">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_Philippines" title="Income inequality in the Philippines">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_kinship" title="Philippine kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipino_Worker" title="Overseas Filipino Worker">Overseas workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_Philippines" title="Poverty in the Philippines">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Philippines" title="Prostitution in the Philippines">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Philippines" title="Refugees of the Philippines">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_Philippines" title="Squatting in the Philippines">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Philippines" title="Women in the Philippines">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy" title="Pinoy">Pinoy</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Culture of the Philippines">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines" title="Architecture of the Philippines">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Cinema of the Philippines">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Cultural_Properties_of_the_Philippines" title="Lists of Cultural Properties of the Philippines">Cultural properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_Philippines" title="Dance in the Philippines">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines" title="Fashion and clothing in the Philippines">Fashion and clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_markers_of_the_Philippines" title="Historical markers of the Philippines">Historical markers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Filipino inventions and discoveries">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_literature" title="Philippine literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_Philippines" title="Mass media in the Philippines">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Music of the Philippines">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_mythology" title="Philippine mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Philippines" title="Names of the Philippines">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Philippines" title="Public holidays in the Philippines">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_the_Philippines" title="List of festivals in the Philippines">Festivals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_psychology" title="Filipino psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_Philippines" title="Sports in the Philippines">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_in_the_Philippines" title="Traditional games in the Philippines">Traditional games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_values" title="Filipino values">Value system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_Philippines" title="National symbols of the Philippines">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_eagle" title="Philippine eagle">Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines" title="Coat of arms of the Philippines">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" title="Flag of the Philippines">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasminum_sambac" title="Jasminum sambac">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinctada_maxima" title="Pinctada maxima">Gem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Philippines" title="Great Seal of the Philippines">Great Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maka-Diyos,_Maka-tao,_Makakalikasan_at_Makabansa" title="Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Sign_Language" title="Filipino Sign Language">Sign language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnis" title="Arnis">Sport and martial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus_indicus" title="Pterocarpus indicus">Tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Philippines" title="Outline of the Philippines">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_Philippines" title="Bibliography of the Philippines">Bibliography</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Philippines" title="Category:Philippines">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Central_banks98" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_banks" title="Template:Central banks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Central_banks" title="Template talk:Central banks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Central_banks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Central banks"><abbr title="Edit this 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_requirement" title="Capital requirement">Capital requirement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contractionary_monetary_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Contractionary monetary policy">Contractionary monetary policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionary_monetary_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Expansionary monetary policy">Expansionary monetary policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel_Accords" title="Basel Accords">Basel Accords</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implementation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_control" title="Capital control">Capital control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discount_window" title="Discount window">Discount rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest_rate" title="Interest rate">Interest rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_creation" title="Money creation">Money creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_market_operation" title="Open market operation">Open market operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">Sovereign wealth fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods<br />system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">International Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Settlement_of_Investment_Disputes" title="International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes">International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">International Development Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">International Finance Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateral_Investment_Guarantee_Agency" title="Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency">Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_banks" title="List of central banks">List of central banks</a></li> <li><a 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