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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Izarren_behaketaren_historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izarren_behaketaren_historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Izarren behaketaren historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izarren_behaketaren_historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izarren_izendapena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izarren_izendapena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Izarren izendapena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izarren_izendapena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neurketa-unitateak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neurketa-unitateak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Neurketa-unitateak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neurketa-unitateak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sorrera_eta_bilakaera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sorrera_eta_bilakaera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sorrera eta bilakaera</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sorrera_eta_bilakaera-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Sorrera eta bilakaera azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sorrera_eta_bilakaera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sorrera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sorrera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Sorrera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sorrera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sekuentzia_nagusia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sekuentzia_nagusia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Sekuentzia nagusia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sekuentzia_nagusia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sekuentzia_nagusiaren_ondoren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sekuentzia_nagusiaren_ondoren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Sekuentzia nagusiaren ondoren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sekuentzia_nagusiaren_ondoren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Izar_handiak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izar_handiak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Izar handiak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izar_handiak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kolapsoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kolapsoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Kolapsoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kolapsoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ezaugarriak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ezaugarriak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ezaugarriak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ezaugarriak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Ezaugarriak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ezaugarriak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Adina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metaltasuna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metaltasuna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Metaltasuna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metaltasuna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konposaketa_kimikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konposaketa_kimikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Konposaketa kimikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konposaketa_kimikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diametroa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diametroa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Diametroa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diametroa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Masa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Errotazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Errotazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Errotazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Errotazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kolorea_eta_tenperatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kolorea_eta_tenperatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Kolorea eta tenperatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kolorea_eta_tenperatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenperatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenperatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Tenperatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenperatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Argitasuna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argitasuna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Argitasuna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argitasuna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distira" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distira"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Distira</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distira-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eremu_magnetikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eremu_magnetikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11</span> <span>Eremu magnetikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eremu_magnetikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sailkapena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sailkapena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sailkapena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sailkapena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izarraren_zatiak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izarraren_zatiak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Izarraren zatiak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izarraren_zatiak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oharrak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oharrak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Oharrak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oharrak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Ikus, gainera azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orokorrak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orokorrak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Orokorrak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orokorrak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ezohiko_izarrak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ezohiko_izarrak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Ezohiko izarrak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ezohiko_izarrak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Eduki-taula" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Izar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 234 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-234" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">234 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ster" title="Ster – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ster" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern" title="Stern – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stern" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AE%E1%8A%AE%E1%89%A5" title="ኮኮብ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኮኮብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu%27is" title="Fu'is – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Fu'is" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela" title="Estrela – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estrela" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steorra" title="Steorra – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Steorra" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntoronyan%CC%84" title="Ntoronyan̄ – oboloera" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ntoronyan̄" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="oboloera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="तारा – angikera" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तारा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85" title="نجم – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نجم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%98%DC%9F%DC%92%DC%90" title="ܟܘܟܒܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܘܟܒܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A9_(%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83)" title="نجمة (فلك) – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نجمة (فلك)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87" title="نجمه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نجمه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0" title="নক্ষত্ৰ – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নক্ষত্ৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrella" title="Estrella – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estrella" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%80%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="ЦӀва – avarera" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ЦӀва" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warawara" title="Warawara – aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Warawara" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulduz" title="Ulduz – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ulduz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2" title="اولدوز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اولدوز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D2%99%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Йондоҙҙар – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йондоҙҙар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stean" title="Stean – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Stean" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDv%C4%81zdie" title="Žvāzdie – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Žvāzdie" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitoon" title="Bitoon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bitoon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Зорка – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зорка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Зорка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Зорка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang" title="Bintang – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bintang" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Звезда – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Звезда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="तारा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तारा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang" title="Bintang – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Bintang" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="ဆာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဆာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="তারা – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তারা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="བརྟན་སྐར། – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བརྟན་སྐར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steredenn" title="Steredenn – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Steredenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zvijezda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang" title="Bintang – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Bintang" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Одон – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Одон" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estel" title="Estel – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A2ng-s%C4%ADng" title="Diâng-sĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Diâng-sĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Седа – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Седа" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitoon" title="Bitoon – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bitoon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%83%E1%8F%88%E1%8F%8F" title="ᏃᏈᏏ – txerokiera" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏃᏈᏏ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="txerokiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotohke" title="Hotohke – txeieneera" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Hotohke" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="txeieneera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%95" title="ئەستێرە – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەستێرە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hv%C4%9Bzda" title="Hvězda – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hvězda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%99%82%D0%B2%D1%A3%EA%99%81%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Ꙃвѣꙁда – elizako eslaviera" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ꙃвѣꙁда" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="elizako eslaviera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Çăлтăр – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çăлтăр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seren" title="Seren – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Seren" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stjerne" title="Stjerne – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stjerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%C5%8Bmariga" title="Saŋmariga – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Saŋmariga" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern" title="Stern – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Amarebiri" title="Ŋmarebiri – Southern Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Ŋmarebiri" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Southern Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estare" title="Estare – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Estare" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rombituon" title="Rombituon – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Rombituon" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="तारा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="तारा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Αστέρας – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αστέρας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%A8la" title="Strèla – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Strèla" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star" title="Star – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Star" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelo" title="Stelo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Stelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrella" title="Estrella – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estrella" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4ht_(astronoomia)" title="Täht (astronoomia) – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Täht (astronoomia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrella" title="Estrella – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Estrella" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="ستاره – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ستاره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4hti" title="Tähti – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tähti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taivat%C3%A4ht" title="Taivatäht – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Taivatäht" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalokalo" title="Kalokalo – fijiera" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kalokalo" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stj%C3%B8rna" title="Stjørna – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Stjørna" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89toile" title="Étoile – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Étoile" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Stäär – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Stäär" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stele" title="Stele – friulera" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Stele" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stjer" title="Stjer – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stjer" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9alta" title="Réalta – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réalta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9tw%C3%A8l" title="Zétwèl – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Zétwèl" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reul" title="Reul – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Reul" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela_(astronom%C3%ADa)" title="Estrela (astronomía) – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estrela (astronomía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="ستاره – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ستاره" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbyja" title="Mbyja – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbyja" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang" title="Bintang – gorontaloera" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Bintang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontaloera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B" title="તારો – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તારો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollage" title="Rollage – manxera" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Rollage" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tauraro" title="Tauraro – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tauraro" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A8n-s%C3%AAn" title="Hèn-sên – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hèn-sên" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%AB" title="Hōkū – hawaiiera" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Hōkū" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%91" title="כוכב – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כוכב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="तारा – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तारा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tara" title="Tara – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Tara" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zvijezda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etwal" title="Etwal – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Etwal" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csillag" title="Csillag – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csillag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2" title="Աստղ – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աստղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella" title="Stella – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Stella" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang" title="Bintang – ibanera" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Bintang" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang" title="Bintang – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bintang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelle" title="Stelle – interlinguea" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Stelle" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlinguea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kpakpando" title="Kpakpando – igboera" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Kpakpando" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igboera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvlu%C4%A1iaq" title="Uvluġiaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uvluġiaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bituen" title="Bituen – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bituen" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0" title="Седкъа – ingushera" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Седкъа" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingushera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelo" title="Stelo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Stelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stjarna" title="Stjarna – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stjarna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella" title="Stella – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stella" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="恒星 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="恒星" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staar" title="Staar – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Staar" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tarci" title="tarci – lojbana" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tarci" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojbana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lintang" title="Lintang – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lintang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ვარსკვლავი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვარსკვლავი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juld%C4%B1z" title="Juldız – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Juldız" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itri" title="Itri – kabiliera" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Itri" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%A9%C9%A9%C5%8Ba" title="Tɩɩŋa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɩɩŋa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1ta%CC%B1ngwat" title="A̱ta̱ngwat – tyapa" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱ta̱ngwat" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyapa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang" title="Bintang – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bintang" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njata" title="Njata – kikuyuera" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Njata" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyuera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Жұлдыз – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жұлдыз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ನಕ್ಷತ್ರ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಕ್ಷತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1" title="항성 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="항성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Джулдуз – karachayera-balkarera" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джулдуз" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachayera-balkarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8F%DA%A9" title="تارُک – kaxmirera" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تارُک" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaxmirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steern" title="Steern – koloniera" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Steern" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="koloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%AAr" title="Stêr – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Stêr" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steren" title="Steren – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Steren" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Жылдыз – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жылдыз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella" title="Stella – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Stella" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estreya" title="Estreya – ladinoa" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Estreya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladinoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A4r" title="Stär – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Stär" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Гъед – lezginera" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Гъед" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stela" title="Stela – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Stela" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmunyeenye" title="Emmunyeenye – luganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Emmunyeenye" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="luganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staar" title="Staar – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Staar" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%ABra" title="Stëra – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Stëra" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stela" title="Stela – lombardiera" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Stela" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monz%C9%94%CC%81t%C9%94_mwa_m%C9%94%CC%8Ct%C9%94" title="Monzɔ́tɔ mwa mɔ̌tɔ – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Monzɔ́tɔ mwa mɔ̌tɔ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDvaig%C5%BEd%C4%97" title="Žvaigždė – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žvaigždė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvaigzne" title="Zvaigzne – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zvaigzne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lintang" title="Lintang – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Lintang" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kintana" title="Kintana – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kintana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whet%C5%AB" title="Whetū – maoriera" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Whetū" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang" title="Bintang – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bintang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%85%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Ѕвезда – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ѕвезда" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="നക്ഷത്രം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നക്ഷത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4" title="Од – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Од" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯊꯧꯋꯥꯏꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ – manipurera" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯊꯧꯋꯥꯏꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="तारा – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तारा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang" title="Bintang – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bintang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stilla" title="Stilla – maltera" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Stilla" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streilha" title="Streilha – mirandesa" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Streilha" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ကြယ် – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Теште – erziera" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Теште" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="اساره – mazandarandera" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اساره" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citlalli" title="Citlalli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Citlalli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella" title="Stella – napoliera" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Stella" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steern_(Astronomie)" title="Steern (Astronomie) – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Steern (Astronomie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steern" title="Steern – behe-saxoiera" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Steern" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="behe-saxoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="तारा – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तारा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81" title="नगु – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नगु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ster_(hemellichaam)" title="Ster (hemellichaam) – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ster (hemellichaam)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stjerne" title="Stjerne – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stjerne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stjerne" title="Stjerne – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stjerne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stele" title="Stele – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Stele" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ataile" title="Êtaile – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Êtaile" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estela" title="Estela – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estela" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%A4hti" title="Tiähti – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tiähti" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urjii" title="Urjii – oromoera" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Urjii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Стъалы – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Стъалы" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤਾਰਾ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batuin" title="Batuin – pampangera" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Batuin" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89to%C3%A9le" title="Étoéle – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Étoéle" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwiazda" title="Gwiazda – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gwiazda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A8ila" title="Stèila – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Stèila" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="تارا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تارا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ستوری – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ستوری" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela" title="Estrela – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estrela" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quyllur" title="Quyllur – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Quyllur" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexay" title="Chexay – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Chexay" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stea" title="Stea – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steau%C3%A2" title="Steauâ – aromaniera" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Steauâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Гвизда – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Гвизда" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Звезда – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Звезда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Звізда – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Звізда" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="तारा – sanskritoa" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="तारा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskritoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81" title="Сулус – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сулус" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9E" title="ᱤᱯᱤᱞ – santalera" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱯᱤᱞ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isteddu" title="Isteddu – sardiniera" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Isteddu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stidda" title="Stidda – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Stidda" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starn" title="Starn – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Starn" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ستارا – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ستارا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1sti" title="Násti – iparraldeko samiera" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Násti" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zvijezda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94" title="තරු – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තරු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star" title="Star – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Star" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hviezda" title="Hviezda – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hviezda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvezda" title="Zvezda – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zvezda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4sni" title="Täsni – Inariko samiera" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Täsni" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inariko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyenyedzi" title="Nyenyedzi – shonera" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nyenyedzi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xidig" title="Xidig – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Xidig" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ylli" title="Ylli – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ylli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Звезда – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Звезда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiern" title="Stiern – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Stiern" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9ntang" title="Béntang – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Béntang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stj%C3%A4rna" title="Stjärna – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stjärna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyota" title="Nyota – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nyota" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwi%C5%8Fzda" title="Gwiŏzda – silesiera" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gwiŏzda" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="விண்மீன் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விண்மீன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/bzngah" title="bzngah – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="bzngah" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82_(%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B3_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82)" title="నక్షత్రం (ఖగోళ శాస్త్రం) – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నక్షత్రం (ఖగోళ శాస్త్రం)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ситора – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ситора" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%8C" title="ดาวฤกษ์ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดาวฤกษ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Dyldyz" title="Ýyldyz – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýyldyz" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bituin" title="Bituin – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bituin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z" title="Yıldız – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yıldız" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pngerah" title="Pngerah – tarokoera" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Pngerah" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="tarokoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Йолдыз – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Йолдыз" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nsoroma" title="Nsoroma – twia" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Nsoroma" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Кизили – udmurtera" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кизили" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F" title="Зоря – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зоря" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81" title="ستارہ – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ستارہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yulduz" title="Yulduz – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yulduz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A9%C5%82a" title="Stéła – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Stéła" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4htaz" title="Tähtaz – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tähtaz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sao" title="Sao – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sao" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterre_(astronomie)" title="Sterre (astronomie) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Sterre (astronomie)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stel" title="Stel – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Stel" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoele" title="Stoele – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Stoele" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitoon" title="Bitoon – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bitoon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" title="恆星 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="恆星" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD" title="Одн – kalmykera" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Одн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmykera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkwenkwezi" title="Inkwenkwezi – xhosera" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Inkwenkwezi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98" title="მურიცხი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მურიცხი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="שטערן – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שטערן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cr%C3%A0w%E1%BB%8D%CC%80" title="Ìràwọ̀ – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìràwọ̀" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndaundeiq" title="Ndaundeiq – zhuangera" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ndaundeiq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuangera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵉⵜⵔⵉⵜ – amazigera estandarra" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵉⵜⵔⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazigera estandarra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="恒星 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="恒星" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" title="恆星 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="恆星" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AAng-chhe%E2%81%BF" title="Hêng-chheⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hêng-chheⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" title="恆星 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="恆星" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkanyezi" title="Inkanyezi – zuluera" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Inkanyezi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q523#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> 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Egin klik hemen informazio gehiagorako." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8986446">.mw-parser-output .noexcerpt{padding-top:10px}</style><div> <dl><dd><i>Artikulu hau objektu astronomikoari buruzkoa da; beste esanahietarako, ikus «<a href="/wiki/Izar_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Izar (argipena)">Izar (argipena)</a>».</i></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Pleiades_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pleiades_large.jpg/250px-Pleiades_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pleiades_large.jpg/330px-Pleiades_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pleiades_large.jpg/500px-Pleiades_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4877" data-file-height="3515" /></a><figcaption>Pleiadeak, <i>Taurus</i> konstelazioko izar multzoa</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg/250px-The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg/330px-The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg/500px-The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4044" data-file-height="3860" /></a><figcaption>Eguzkia, Lurretik gertuen dagoen izarra eta gehien ezagutzen dena.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Izarra</b> <a href="/wiki/Argizagi" title="Argizagi">argizagi</a> bat da, bere <a href="/wiki/Grabitazio" title="Grabitazio">grabitazioak</a> loturik mantentzen duen <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(fisika)" title="Plasma (fisika)">plasmazko</a> gorputz esferiko handia. <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">Gasez</a> (batez ere <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno">hidrogeno</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Helio" title="Helio">helioz</a>) osatua da, eta bere barnean gertatzen diren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erreakzio_termonuklear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erreakzio termonuklear (sortu gabe)">erreakzio termonuklearretatik</a> ateratako energiaz egiten du distira.<sup id="cite_ref-ZTH:_izar_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZTH:_izar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eguzkia" title="Eguzkia">Eguzkia</a> da <a href="/wiki/Lurra" title="Lurra">Lurretik</a> hurbilen dagoen izarra eta Lurraren energia iturri nagusia, <a href="/wiki/Argi" title="Argi">argi</a> energiarena barne. Beste izar asko begi hutsez ikus daitezke Lurretik <a href="/wiki/Gau" title="Gau">gaua</a> denean; Lurretik oso-oso urrun daudenez, puntu finko txiki gisa ageri dira zeruan. Historikoki, izarrik nabarmenenak <a href="/wiki/Konstelazio" title="Konstelazio">konstelazio</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Asterismo" title="Asterismo">asterismotan</a> taldekatu dira, eta izarrik distiratsuenek berezko izena jaso dute. Astronomoek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar-katalogo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izar-katalogo (sortu gabe)">izar-katalogoak</a> egin dituzte ezagutzen diren izarrak identifikatu eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izarren_nomenklatura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izarren nomenklatura (sortu gabe)">izarren nomenklatura</a> estandarra emateko. Hala ere, <a href="/wiki/Unibertsoa" title="Unibertsoa">Unibertsoan</a> dauden izar ia guztiak, gure <a href="/wiki/Galaxia" title="Galaxia">galaxia</a> den <a href="/wiki/Esne_Bide" class="mw-redirect" title="Esne Bide">Esne Bidetik</a> kanpo dauden guztiak barne, Lurretik ezin dira ikusi <a href="/wiki/Teleskopio" title="Teleskopio">teleskopiorik</a> erabili gabe; are gehiago, teleskopio oso indartsuak erabilita ere, izar gehienak ezin ditugu ikusi ere egin. </p><p>Euren bizitzaren zati handi batean zehar izarrek distiratzen dute euren erdigune beroan <a href="/wiki/Fusio_nuklear" title="Fusio nuklear">fusio nuklearra</a> gertatzen delako. Fusioa da izarrek beren kanpo geruzetatik etengabe kanporatzen duten <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energiaren</a> <a href="/wiki/Erradiazio_elektromagnetiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Erradiazio elektromagnetiko">iturburu</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno">Hidrogenoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Helio" title="Helio">helioa</a> baino astunago diren ia <a href="/wiki/Elementu_kimiko" title="Elementu kimiko">gai</a> guztiak izarretako erdigunean sortzen dira, <a href="/wiki/Izar-nukleosintesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Izar-nukleosintesi">izar-nukleosintesi</a> deitzen den prozesuan, edo euren bizitza amaitu ostean <a href="/wiki/Supernoba" title="Supernoba">supernoben</a> bidez izarrek eztanda egiten dutenean. Bere bizitzaren amaiera aldera izar batek <a href="/wiki/Materia_endekatu" title="Materia endekatu">materia endekatua</a> izan dezake. <a href="/wiki/Astronomo" title="Astronomo">Astronomoek</a> izar baten <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a>, adina, <a href="/wiki/Metaltasun" title="Metaltasun">metaltasuna</a> (osaketa kimikoa) eta beste hainbat ezaugarri jakin ditzakete izarrak <a href="/wiki/Espazio" title="Espazio">espazioan</a> zehar duen mugimendua, <a href="/wiki/Argitasun" title="Argitasun">argitasuna</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espektroskopia_astronomikoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espektroskopia astronomikoa (sortu gabe)">espektroa</a> aztertuta. Izar baten masa da bere <a href="/wiki/Izar_eboluzio" title="Izar eboluzio">eboluzioa</a> eta amaiera aurresateko ezaugarririk garrantzitsuena. Izarren ezaugarri batzuk, hala nola diametroa eta tenperatura, denborarekin aldatzen dira, eta izarrak inguruan duenak bere errotazio eta mugimenduari eragiten dio. </p><p>Izar taldeek <a href="/wiki/Galaxia" title="Galaxia">galaxiak</a> sortzen dituzte eta <a href="/wiki/Unibertso" class="mw-redirect" title="Unibertso">unibertsoko</a> argizagi nagusiak dira. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izarren_behaketaren_historia">Izarren behaketaren historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izarren behaketaren historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Izarren behaketaren historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Astronomiaren_historia" title="Astronomiaren historia">Astronomiaren historia</a>» eta «<a href="/wiki/Konstelazio" title="Konstelazio">Konstelazio</a>»</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Dibuix_de_Leo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Dibuix_de_Leo.png/250px-Dibuix_de_Leo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Dibuix_de_Leo.png/330px-Dibuix_de_Leo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Dibuix_de_Leo.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption>Gizakiek marrazkiak ikusi dituzte izarretan antzinarotik.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/1690" title="1690">1690ko</a> marrazki honetan <a href="/wiki/Leo_(konstelazioa)" title="Leo (konstelazioa)">Leo</a> ikus daiteke, lehoia, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hevelius" title="Johannes Hevelius">Johannes Heveliusen</a> interpretazioan.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:LeoCC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/LeoCC.jpg/250px-LeoCC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/LeoCC.jpg/330px-LeoCC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/LeoCC.jpg/440px-LeoCC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leo_(konstelazioa)" title="Leo (konstelazioa)">Leo</a> benetan ikus daitekeen bezala, lerroa gehituta.</figcaption></figure> <p>Antzinatik izan dira izarrak garrantzitsuak kultura gehienetan, denetan ez esatearren; bai arrazoi erlijioso edo/eta kulturalengatik, orientazio lanabes gisa, egutegiak zehazteko... Antzinaroko astronomo askok uste zuten izarrak finko zeudela <a href="/wiki/Esfera_zeleste" class="mw-redirect" title="Esfera zeleste">esfera zeleste</a> batean eta ez zirela aldatzen. Konbentzioz, astronomoek izarrak konstelaziotan taldekatu izan dituzte, eta <a href="/wiki/Planeta" title="Planeta">planeta</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Eguzkia" title="Eguzkia">Eguzkiaren</a> posizioa konstelazio horiekiko kalkulatu izan dute.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eguzkiak hondoko izarrekiko eta <a href="/wiki/Horizonte" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizonte">horizontearekiko</a> zuen mugimendua <a href="/wiki/Egutegi" title="Egutegi">egutegiak</a> osatzeko erabili da, eta honek garrantzia berezia zuen <a href="/wiki/Nekazaritza" title="Nekazaritza">nekazaritzan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adibidez, gaur egun munduan oso zabaldua den <a href="/wiki/Gregoriotar_egutegia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregoriotar egutegia">Gregoriotar egutegia</a>, lurrak eguzkiarekiko duen posizio erlatiboan oinarritzen da. </p><p>Ezagutzen den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar-karta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izar-karta (sortu gabe)">izar-kartarik</a> zaharrena Antzinako <a href="/wiki/Egiptoko_astronomia" class="mw-redirect" title="Egiptoko astronomia">Egiptoko astronomoek</a> egindakoa da, <a href="/w/index.php?title=K.a._1534&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K.a. 1534 (sortu gabe)">K.a. 1534</a>. urtean.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ezagutzen den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar-katalogo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izar-katalogo (sortu gabe)">izar-katalogorik</a> zaharrena berriz, <a href="/wiki/Babiloniako_astronomia" class="mw-redirect" title="Babiloniako astronomia">Babiloniako astronomian</a> osatutakoa da, <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a>, K.a. 2. milurtekoan, <a href="/wiki/Kasita" title="Kasita">Kasita</a> garaian (<a href="/wiki/Circa" title="Circa">c.</a> K.a. <a href="/wiki/1531" title="1531">1531</a>–<a href="/wiki/1155" title="1155">1155</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mesopotamiarrek ezarritako lau konstelazio gaurdaino iritsi dira: <a href="/wiki/Hydra_(konstelazioa)" title="Hydra (konstelazioa)">Hydra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corvus_(konstelazioa)" title="Corvus (konstelazioa)">Corvus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aquila_(konstelazioa)" title="Aquila (konstelazioa)">Aquila</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Piscis_Austrinus" title="Piscis Austrinus">Piscis Austrinus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roslyn_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roslyn-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ezagutzen den <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Greziako_astronomia" class="mw-redirect" title="Antzinako Greziako astronomia">Antzinako Greziako astronomiaren</a> lehen izar-katalogoa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristilo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristilo (sortu gabe)">Aristilok</a> sortu zuen K.a. 300. urtea inguru, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timokares_Alexandriakoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timokares Alexandriakoa (sortu gabe)">Timokares Alexandriakoaren</a> laguntzarekin.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hiparko_Nizeakoa" title="Hiparko Nizeakoa">Hiparko Nizeakoak</a> K.a. II. mendean egindako katalogoak 1020 izar zituen, eta <a href="/wiki/Ptolomeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolomeo">Ptolomeoren</a> izar-katalogoa osatzeko erabili zen.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Demokrito" title="Demokrito">Demokrito</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Epikuro" title="Epikuro">Epikuro</a> greziar filosofoek izarrak beste eguzki batzuk zirela eta haien inguruan beste lur batzuk izan zitzaketela argudiatu zuten.<sup id="cite_ref-ESO_Projects_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESO_Projects-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hiparko Nizeakoa izan zen lehen <i><a href="/wiki/Noba" title="Noba">noba</a></i>ren aurkitzailea.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greziako astronomiatik jaso ditugu konstelazio askoren gaur egungo izenak. Hala ere, Greziako mitologiarekin konstelazioen izenak azaltzeko egin diren saiakerak auto-erreferentziak izan ohi dira, eta antzinako beste jakintza batetik datozela proposatu dute hainbat ikerlarik.<sup id="cite_ref-Roslyn_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roslyn-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horrela, baliteke Europan zehar egondako hainbat kondairen arabera eraiki izana jakintza hau, eta Grezian egindakoa berrinterpretazio bat baino ez izatea.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zehazki, konstelazio nagusietako batzuek <a href="/wiki/Greziar_mitologia" title="Greziar mitologia">greziar mitologiarekin</a> harreman zuzenik ez izateak, eta <a href="/wiki/Hartz" title="Hartz">hartz</a> baten figura zeruan jarri izanak ohitura aurreindoeuroparrekin izango luke harremana, adibidez <a href="/wiki/Euskal_mitologia" title="Euskal mitologia">Euskal mitologian</a> hartzak duen paperarekin.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Orokorrean zeruak aldakorrak ez zirela pentsatzen bazen ere, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Txinako_astronomia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txinako astronomia (sortu gabe)">Txinako astronomoek</a> bazekiten izar berriak ager zitezkeela.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/185" title="185">185</a>. urtean <a href="/wiki/Supernoba" title="Supernoba">supernoba</a> bat erregistratu zuten lehenak izan ziren, gaur egun <a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_185&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 185 (sortu gabe)">SN 185</a> gisa ezagutzen duguna.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian erregistratutako izar eztandarik distiratsuena <a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_1006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 1006 (sortu gabe)">SN 1006</a> supernoba izan zen, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_ibn_Ridwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali ibn Ridwan (sortu gabe)">Ali ibn Ridwan</a> astronomo egiptoarrak eta hainbat txinatar astronomok ikusi zutena <a href="/wiki/1006" title="1006">1006an</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_1054&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 1054 (sortu gabe)">SN 1054</a> supernoba, <a href="/wiki/Karramarroaren_nebulosa" title="Karramarroaren nebulosa">Karramarroaren nebulosa</a> sortuko zuena, Txinako eta mundu islamiarreko astronomoek ikusi zuten.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomia_Erdi_Aroko_Islamiar_munduan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomia Erdi Aroko Islamiar munduan (sortu gabe)">Erdi Aroko Islamiar astronomoek</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabierazko</a> izenak eman zizkieten izar askori, gaurdaino iritsi direnak; izarren posizioa kalkulatu ahal izateko hainbat instrumentu astronomiko asmatu zituzten. Lehen behatoki handiak eraiki zituzten, batez ere <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zij (sortu gabe)">Zij</a></i> izar-katalogoak sortu ahal izateko.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egindako katalogo horien artean <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar_Finkoen_Liburua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izar Finkoen Liburua (sortu gabe)">Izar Finkoen Liburua</a></i> dago, <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi">Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi</a> persiar astronomoak <a href="/wiki/964" title="964">964an</a> idatzia. Liburu horretan lehen aldiz aipatzen dira <a href="/wiki/Izar-kumulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Izar-kumulu">izar-kumuluak</a> (hala nola <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omicron_Velorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omicron Velorum (sortu gabe)">Omicron Velorum</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collinder_399&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collinder 399 (sortu gabe)">Collinder 399</a>) eta <a href="/wiki/Galaxia" title="Galaxia">galaxiak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Andromeda_galaxia" title="Andromeda galaxia">Andromeda galaxia</a>, adibidez).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>I<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/XI._mendea" title="XI. mendea">XI. mendean</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Ryhan_Biruni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Ryhan Biruni (sortu gabe)">Abu Ryhan Biruni</a> persiar <a href="/wiki/Polimatia" title="Polimatia">polimata</a> eta ikertzaileak <a href="/wiki/Esne_Bidea" title="Esne Bidea">Esne Bidea</a> izar nebulosen ezaugarriak zituen fragmentu askoz osatutako gorputz bezala deskribatu zuen, eta hainbat izarren latitudeak eman zituen 1019ko <a href="/wiki/Ilargi_eklipse" title="Ilargi eklipse">ilargi eklipsea</a> baliatuz.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalusko</a> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Bajja" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Bajja">Ibn Bajja</a> astronomoak lehen aldiz proposatu zuen Esne Bidea izar askoz osatutako gorputza zela, hain gertu bata bestearengatik ezen ia uki baitzitezkeen, eta jarraikortasuna Ilargia baino gertuago zegoen materialak eragiten zuen <a href="/wiki/Errefrakzioa" class="mw-redirect" title="Errefrakzioa">errefrakzioaren</a> ondorio zela. Froga gisa, <a href="/wiki/1106" title="1106">1106</a>. urteko <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Marte" title="Marte">Marteren</a> konjuntzioan behatutakoa aipatu zuen.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> astronomoak izar berriak identifikatu zituen zeruan, beranduago <i>novae</i> izena izango zutenak, zerua aldakorra zela ondorioztatuz. 1584an <a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Brunok</a> proposatu zuen beste izarrak Eguzkia bezalakoak zirela, eta aukera bat zela beste <a href="/wiki/Planeta" title="Planeta">planeta</a> batzuk egotea izar horien orbitan, zeintzuen artean egon zitezkeen Lurraren antza zutenak.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ideia hori lehenago <a href="/wiki/Demokrito" title="Demokrito">Demokrito</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Epikuro" title="Epikuro">Epikuro</a> Greziako filosofoek ere proposatu zuten,<sup id="cite_ref-ESO_Projects_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESO_Projects-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bai eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (sortu gabe)">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a> islamiar kosmologoak ere.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/XVII._mende" class="mw-redirect" title="XVII. mende">XVII. mendean</a> Eguzkia izar bat zelako adostasun zabala zen jada. Hala ere, ez zen ulertzen zergatik izar horiek ez zuten Eguzki-sistema erakartzen, beste gorputzek bezala. <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newtonek</a> proposatu zuen izarrak modu berean zeudela sakabanatuak norabide guztietan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Bentley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Bentley (sortu gabe)">Richard Bentley</a> teologoak ere bultzaturiko idea.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geminiano_Montanari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geminiano Montanari (sortu gabe)">Geminiano Montanari</a> italiar astronomoak <a href="/wiki/Algol_izarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Algol izarra">Algol izarraren</a> argitasun aldaketak behatu zituen 1667an. <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Halley" title="Edmond Halley">Edmond Halleyk</a> bi izarren arteko mugimenduaren lehen neurketak argitaratu zituen, eta frogatu zuen <a href="/wiki/Klaudio_Ptolomeo" title="Klaudio Ptolomeo">Ptolomeo</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hiparko_Nizeakoa" title="Hiparko Nizeakoa">Hiparko</a> greziar astronomoen garaitik izar haien posizioak aldatu egin zirela.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Alpha_Centauri_AB_over_limb_of_Saturn_PIA10406.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Alpha_Centauri_AB_over_limb_of_Saturn_PIA10406.jpg/250px-Alpha_Centauri_AB_over_limb_of_Saturn_PIA10406.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Alpha_Centauri_AB_over_limb_of_Saturn_PIA10406.jpg/330px-Alpha_Centauri_AB_over_limb_of_Saturn_PIA10406.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Alpha_Centauri_AB_over_limb_of_Saturn_PIA10406.jpg/500px-Alpha_Centauri_AB_over_limb_of_Saturn_PIA10406.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1017" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Centauri" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha Centauri">Alpha Centauri</a> A eta B <a href="/wiki/Saturnoren_eraztunak" title="Saturnoren eraztunak">Saturnoren eraztunen</a> ondoan.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a> izan zen lehen astronomoa zeruan izarrek duten banaketa zehazteko saiakera egiten. 1780ko hamarkadan hainbat lerro zehaztu zituen 600 norabidetan, eta bakoitzean ikus zitezkeen izarrak kontatu zituen. Izar kopurua norabide batean handiagoa zela ondorioztatu zuen, Esne Bidearen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zentro_galaktiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zentro galaktiko (sortu gabe)">zentro galaktikoaren</a> norabidean, hain zuzen ere.Bere seme <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschelek</a> ikerketa berriro egin zuen <a href="/wiki/Hego_hemisferio" title="Hego hemisferio">hego hemisferioan</a> eta norabide berdinean hazten zela ikusi zuen.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ikerketa honetan William Herschelek ikusi zuen izar batzuk ez daudela bakarrik norabide berean, baizik eta <a href="/wiki/Sistema_bitar_(astronomia)" title="Sistema bitar (astronomia)">sistema bitarrak</a> osatzen dituztela. </p><p><a href="/wiki/XIX._mendea" title="XIX. mendea">XIX. mendean</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_von_Fraunhofer" title="Joseph von Fraunhofer">Joseph von Fraunhofer</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Secchi" title="Angelo Secchi">Angelo Secchik</a> <a href="/wiki/Espektroskopia" title="Espektroskopia">espektroskopiaren</a> zientzia abiatu zuten. <a href="/wiki/Sirius" title="Sirius">Sirius</a> eta Eguzkiaren arteko izarren espektroaren diferentziak aztertuta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Absortzio_lerro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Absortzio lerro (sortu gabe)">absortzio lerroen</a> kopuru eta indarraren arteko diferentziak aurkitu zituzten.1865an Secchi izarrak euren <a href="/wiki/Izarren_sailkapena" title="Izarren sailkapena">mota espektralaren arabera sailkatzen</a> hasi zen.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hala ere, gaur egun erabiltzen den izarren sailkapena <a href="/wiki/Annie_J._Cannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Annie J. Cannon">Annie J. Cannonek</a> garatu zuen 1900eko hamarkadan. </p><p>Izar bateraino (<a href="/w/index.php?title=61_Cygni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="61 Cygni (sortu gabe)">61 Cygni</a> 11,4 <a href="/wiki/Argi-urte" title="Argi-urte">argi-urtera</a>) dagoen distantziaren lehen neurketa zuzena 1838an egin zuen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Bessel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Bessel (sortu gabe)">Friedrich Besselek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paralaxi" title="Paralaxi">paralaxi</a> teknika erabiliz. Paralaxiak demostratu zuen izarren arteko distantzia zein handia den.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Izar sistema-bitarren behaketek garrantzia irabazi zuten XIX. mendean zehar. 1834an Besselek Sirius izarraren berezko mugimenduan aldaketak ikusi zituen eta ezkutuko kide bat zuela ondorioztatu zuen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Pickering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Pickering (sortu gabe)">Edward Pickeringek</a> lehenengo bitar espektroskopikoa aurkitu zuen 1899an, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mizar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mizar (sortu gabe)">Mizar</a> izarra 104 egunetan zehar aztertuz eta espektroak periodikoki banatzen zirela ikusiz. <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Georg_Wilhelm_von_Struve" title="Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve">Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sherburne_Wesley_Burnham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sherburne Wesley Burnham (sortu gabe)">Sherburne Wesley Burnham</a> astronomoek egindako behaketa zehatzei esker izarren <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a> kalkulatu ahal izan zen, <a href="/wiki/Orbitaren_elementuak" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbitaren elementuak">orbitaren elementuak</a> konputatuz. Izar sistema-bitarren orbitak deribatzeko buruketaren lehen soluzioak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felix_Savary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felix Savary (sortu gabe)">Felix Savaryk</a> eman zituen 1827an.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/XX._mendea" title="XX. mendea">XX. mendeak</a> izarren ikerketak aurrerapen handiak izan zituen. <a href="/wiki/Argazkigintza" title="Argazkigintza">Argazkigintza</a> tresna garrantzitsua izan zen astronomian. <a href="/wiki/Karl_Schwarzschild" title="Karl Schwarzschild">Karl Schwarzschildek</a> aurkitu zuen izar baten kolorea eta, beraz, tenperatura, kalkula zitekeela <a href="/wiki/Itxurazko_magnitude" title="Itxurazko magnitude">itxurazko magnitudea</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argazki-magnitudea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argazki-magnitudea (sortu gabe)">argazki-magnitudea</a> alderatuz. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotometro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotometro (sortu gabe)">Fotometro</a> <a href="/wiki/Efektu_fotoelektriko" title="Efektu fotoelektriko">fotoelektrikoaren</a> asmakuntzak izarren <a href="/wiki/Magnitude_absolutu" title="Magnitude absolutu">magnitudeak</a> hainbat <a href="/wiki/Uhin-luzera" title="Uhin-luzera">uhin-luzera</a> ezberdinetan neurtzeko aukera eman zuen. <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921ean</a> <a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Albert A. Michelsonek</a> izarren diametroaren lehen neurketak egin zituen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interferometro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interferometro (sortu gabe)">interferometro</a> bat erabiliz.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Izarren egitura fisikoari buruzko <a href="/wiki/Fisika_teoriko" title="Fisika teoriko">lan teoriko</a> garrantzitsuak egin ziren XX. mendearen lehen hamarkadetan. <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913an</a> <a href="/wiki/Hertzsprung-Russell_diagrama" title="Hertzsprung-Russell diagrama">Hertzsprung-Russell diagrama</a> garatu zen, izarren ikerketa <a href="/wiki/Astrofisika" title="Astrofisika">astrofisikoa</a> abiatuz. Izarren barnealdean gertatzen dena eta izarren eboluzioa ulertzeko ereduak garatu ziren. <a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Helena_Payne-Gaposchkin" title="Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin">Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkinek</a> <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925an</a> aurkeztutako doktoretza-tesian izarrak batez ere <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno">hidrogeno</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Helio" title="Helio">helioz</a> osaturik zeudela proposatu zuen.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fisika kuantikoaren garapenarekin izarren espektroak ulertzeko aukera berriak lortu ziren. Horrela, izarren atmosferaren konposizio kimikoari buruzko ezagutza lortu zen.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Supernoba" title="Supernoba">Supernobak</a> kenduta, izar indibidual ia gehienak <a href="/wiki/Talde_Lokala" title="Talde Lokala">Talde Lokalaren</a> parte dira,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eta bereziki Esne Bidearen alderdi ikusgarrian daudenak.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hala ere <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgo_Kumulua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virgo Kumulua (sortu gabe)">Virgo Kumuluan</a> dagoen <a href="/w/index.php?title=M100_galaxia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M100 galaxia (sortu gabe)">M100 galaxiako</a> izar batzuk ere indibidualki ikusi dira, Lurretik 100 milioi argi urtera<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Virgo_Superkumulua" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgo Superkumulua">Virgo Superkumuluan</a> hainbat <a href="/wiki/Izar-kumulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Izar-kumulu">izar-multzo</a> ikus daitezke, eta gaur egungo teleskopioek aukera dute Talde Lokaleko hainbat izar ikusteko.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izarren_izendapena">Izarren izendapena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izarren izendapena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Izarren izendapena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Perseus_Hevelius_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Perseus_Hevelius_2.jpg/220px-Perseus_Hevelius_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Perseus_Hevelius_2.jpg/330px-Perseus_Hevelius_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Perseus_Hevelius_2.jpg/440px-Perseus_Hevelius_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Perseus_(konstelazioa)" title="Perseus (konstelazioa)">Perseus</a> konstelazioaren ilustrazio bat, Johannes Heveilusen 1690ean argitaratutako izar-katalogotik. Izarrak konstelazioen arabera izendatzen dira, zeru zatien mapak egiteko aukera erraztuz. Adibidez, izen propioa duen <a href="/wiki/Algol" title="Algol">Algol</a> izarrari <b>β Persei</b> izena ere ematen zaio.</figcaption></figure> <p>Zeruko izarrik distiratsuenek, <a href="/wiki/Planeta" title="Planeta">planeta</a> batzuk tartean, hainbat kulturatako <a href="/wiki/Mitologia" title="Mitologia">mitologia</a> izenak dituzte,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> greziarrak, latinak eta arabiarrak asko. Askok izen desberdinak dituzte munduan barrena, tokian tokiko izen propioak. </p><p>Azken 2000 urteetan 300 izar ingururi eman zaie izena, gehienak mitologiarekin zerikusia dutenak. Begi hutsez 4000 izar inguru ikus litezke lurreko <a href="/wiki/Hemisferio" class="mw-disambig" title="Hemisferio">hemisferio</a> bakoitzean. Astronomia katalogoetan miloi batzuk badira. Gure <a href="/wiki/Esne_Bidea" title="Esne Bidea">Esne Bidean</a> bilioi batzuk badaude eta unibertsoan dagoen izar kopurua zenbaezina da. Beraz astronomoak aurkitzen diren izar guztiak behar bezala sailkatzen saiatzen dira. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Johann_Bayer" title="Johann Bayer">Johann Bayer</a> alemaniar astronomoak konstelazio bakoitzean izarrei izena emateko greziar hizkiak erabiltzen zituen izendapena sortu zuen. Geroago, <a href="/wiki/John_Flamsteed" title="John Flamsteed">John Flamsteedek</a> zenbakiak zerabiltzan sistema sortu zuen. Ordudanik sistema desberdin ugari erabili izan dira, izar katalogoak azaldu ziren arte. Gaur egun <a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Astronomia_Elkartea" title="Nazioarteko Astronomia Elkartea">Nazioarteko Astronomia Elkartea</a> da izar berriak izendatzeko gaitasuna duen erakunde bakarra. </p><p>Gerora izarra kokatzeko balio duen izena ematen diote astronomoek izarrari. Dauden <a href="/wiki/Konstelazio" title="Konstelazio">konstelazioaren</a> izenari greziar alfabetoko hizki bat jartzen zaio aurretik. Izarrik distiratsuenari <i><a href="/wiki/Alfa_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Alfa (argipena)">alfa</a></i> izena ezartzen zaio konstelazioarenaren aurretik, hurrengoari <i><a href="/wiki/Beta" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Beta">beta</a></i>... Adibidez: <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Orionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfa Orionis">Betelgeuse</a> izarrari, Orion konstelazioko izarrik distiratsuenari, <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Orionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfa Orionis">Alfa Orionis</a> ere deitzen zaio. Greziar alfabetoko hizkiak bukatzen direnean, zenbakiak erabiltzen dira. </p><p>Baina izar kopurua hain handia denez, Nazioarteko Astronomia Elkarteak sistema ezberdina darabil izar berrientzako: laburdura bat eta sinbolo batzuk. Laburdurak izar mota edo izarrari buruzko informazio duen katalogo bat adierazten du. Adibidez: PSR J1302-6350; <i>PSR</i> zatiak <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pultsarra</a> dela adierazten du; <i>J</i>k, ordea, <i>J2000</i> izeneko <a href="/wiki/Koordenatu_sistema" title="Koordenatu sistema">koordenatu sistema</a> erabiltzen dela adierazten du; eta zenbakiak koordenatuak dira. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Izar_aldakor" title="Izar aldakor">Izar aldakorrei</a> <i>RR Lyrae</i> edo <i>TT Arietis</i> izena ematen zaie; <i>Lyrae</i> eta <i>Arietis</i> konstelazio horietan daudela esan nahi du, eta hasierako hizki bikoiztuak aurkitzen diren eran sailkatzeko balio du; <i>AA</i> konstelazio batean aurkitutako lehen izar aldakorra da. <i>ZZ</i> hizkira iritsitakoan, zenbakiak erabiliko lirateke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neurketa-unitateak">Neurketa-unitateak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Neurketa-unitateak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Neurketa-unitateak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izarren ezaugarri gehienak <a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Unitate_Sistema" title="Nazioarteko Unitate Sistema">Nazioarteko Unitate Sistemak</a> adostutako unitateetan ematen dira, <a href="/w/index.php?title=CGS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGS (sortu gabe)">CGS</a> unitateak ere erabiliak izan arren. Masa, argitasuna eta erradioa adierazteko ohikoa da eguzki unitateak erabiltzea. 2015ean NAEk hainbat eguzki-balio <i>nominal</i> definitu zituen, NUS konstanteetan neurtuak, zehazgabetasuna murrizteko asmoz: </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Eguzki-argitasuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Eguzki-argitasuna">Eguzki-argitasuna</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L_{\bigodot }=3.827\times 10^{26}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⨀</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3.827</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>26</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L_{\bigodot }=3.827\times 10^{26}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c7a87be44d3b711268f988d673736ab91b1054e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:19.077ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L_{\bigodot }=3.827\times 10^{26}}" /></span> <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">W</a></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Eguzki_erradio" title="Eguzki erradio">Eguzki-erradioa</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R_{\bigodot }=6.960\times 10^{8}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⨀</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>6.960</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R_{\bigodot }=6.960\times 10^{8}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f1116907de3f5b3714780aeb1fc3d8438ebfd456" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:18.436ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R_{\bigodot }=6.960\times 10^{8}}" /></span> <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">m</a></dd></dl> <p>Eguzkiaren masa <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{\bigodot }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⨀</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{\bigodot }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/55df80829724104210405d0e1fd84fec6a16ee6b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:4.312ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{\bigodot }}" /></span>ez zen esplizituki definitu, ez dagoelako zehaztasun osorik <a href="/wiki/Newtonen_konstante-grabitazionala" class="mw-redirect" title="Newtonen konstante-grabitazionala">Newtonen konstante-grabitazionalaren</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5f3c8921a3b352de45446a6789b104458c9f90b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.827ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G}" /></span>) balioaren inguruan. Hala ere, Newtonen grabitazio konstantearen eta eguzkiaren masaren biderketaren balioa ezaguna denez (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle GM_{\bigodot }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⨀</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle GM_{\bigodot }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1179c549c924181a3ea4689bebcc6cbac0e076f9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:6.138ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle GM_{\bigodot }}" /></span>) zehaztasun handiagoarekin, NAEk eguzkiaren masa <i>nominala</i> honela definitu zuen: </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Eguzki-masa" class="mw-redirect" title="Eguzki-masa">Eguzki-masa</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{\bigodot }=1.9891\times 10^{30}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⨀</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1.9891</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>30</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{\bigodot }=1.9891\times 10^{30}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b6a88bb638cf086d6dfead7b208df8ee71dab057" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:20.911ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{\bigodot }=1.9891\times 10^{30}}" /></span> <a href="/wiki/Kilogramo" title="Kilogramo">kg</a></dd></dl> <p>Argitsun, erradio eta masaren parametroak alda badaitezke ere etorkizunean, behaketak direla eta, 2015eko NAEren balio nominalak konstante mantenduko dira beste izarren parametroak neurtu ahal izateko. </p><p>Luzera handietarako, erraldoi baten erradioa adierazteko adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Unitate_astronomiko" title="Unitate astronomiko">Unitate astronomikoak</a> ere erabiltzen dira, hau da, Eguzkia eta Lurraren arteko distantzia. Normalki 150 milioi kilometro aipatzen badira ere neurri honetarako, neurketa zehatza honakoa da: 149.597.870.700 <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">m</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sorrera_eta_bilakaera">Sorrera eta bilakaera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sorrera eta bilakaera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Sorrera eta bilakaera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Izar_eboluzio" title="Izar eboluzio">Izar eboluzio</a>»</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Star_life_cycles_red_dwarf_eu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Star_life_cycles_red_dwarf_eu.svg/330px-Star_life_cycles_red_dwarf_eu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Star_life_cycles_red_dwarf_eu.svg/500px-Star_life_cycles_red_dwarf_eu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Star_life_cycles_red_dwarf_eu.svg/600px-Star_life_cycles_red_dwarf_eu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Izarren ziklo ezberdinak erakusten duen irudia, masaren arabera egin ditzaketen ibilbideekin</figcaption></figure> <p>Izarrak espazioak materia-dentsitate handiagoa duten eskualdetan sortzen dira. Eskualde hauek <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laino_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laino molekular (sortu gabe)">laino molekular</a></i> gisa ezagutzen dira, eta batez ere <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno">hidrogenoz</a> osaturik daude, %23 edo %28 artean helioa delarik eta, kopuru txikietan, elementu astunagoak. Gaur egun horrelako izarren sorrera guneak badaude, adibidez <a href="/wiki/Oriongo_Nebulosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriongo Nebulosa">Oriongo Nebulosa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Izar gehienak dozenaka edo ehunka milakako taldeetan sortzen dira<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Talde horietako izar masiboek indar nahikoa izan dezakete lainoari berari argia emateko, hidrogenoa <a href="/wiki/Ionizazio" title="Ionizazio">ionizatuz</a> eta <a href="/wiki/H_II_eskualdea" class="mw-redirect" title="H II eskualdea">H II eskualdeak</a> sortuz.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efektu horrek lainoa bera eraldatzen du, eta izar gehiago sortzea ekidin dezake. </p><p>Izar gehienek euren existentziaren denbora gehiena <a href="/wiki/Sekuentzia_nagusia" title="Sekuentzia nagusia">sekuentzia nagusian</a> ematen dute, hidrogenoa helioan bilakatuz, <a href="/wiki/Fusio_nuklear" title="Fusio nuklear">fusio nukleararen</a> bidez. Hala ere, izarren masak propietate ezberdinak ematen dizkie euren garapenaren une ezberdinetan. Izar baten azken unea ezberdina da izarrak duen masaren arabera, eta euren inguruan duten eragina edo duten argitasuna ere faktore honek mugatzen du. Horregatik, astronomoek izarrak euren masaren arabera sailkatu ohi dituzte:<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Masa oso baxuko izarrak</i>, eguzkiaren masa (<i>M</i><sub>☉</sub>) baino 0,5 aldiz txikiagoak direnak, sekuentzia nagusian dagoen bitartean helioa oso sakabanatua dute eta konbekzioa ematen da izar guztian zehar. Ez dira inoiz <a href="/wiki/Erraldoi_gorri" title="Erraldoi gorri">erraldoi gorri</a> bilakatzen, eta fusio nuklearra gelditzen denean <a href="/wiki/Nano_zuri" title="Nano zuri">nano zuri</a> bilakatzen dira, pixkanaka hoztuz hidrogenoa amaitzen den heinean.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hala ere, 0,5 <i>M</i><sub>☉</sub> duten izarren bizitza <a href="/wiki/Unibertsoaren_adina" title="Unibertsoaren adina">Unibertsoaren adina</a> baino luzeagoa denez, ez da izarrik heldu oraindik nano zuri izateko unera.</li> <li><i>Masa baxuko izarrak</i> 0,5 <i>M</i><sub>☉</sub> eta 1,8–2,5 <i>M</i><sub>☉</sub> artean duten izarrak dira, euren konposizioaren arabera. Erraldoi gorritan bilakatzen dira euren nukleoko hidrogeno guztia <a href="/wiki/Helio" title="Helio">helioagatik</a> aldatzen denean, eta helio hori erretzen hasten direnean <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helio_flash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helio flash (sortu gabe)">helio flash</a> gisa. <a href="/wiki/Karbono" title="Karbono">Karbono</a>-<a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigeno</a> nukleo dengeratu bat sortzen dute gero eta, azkenean, eztanda egiten dute kanpoko geruzak <a href="/wiki/Nebulosa_planetario" title="Nebulosa planetario">nebulosa planetario</a> gisa jaurtiz espaziora, eta nukleoa <a href="/wiki/Nano_zuri" title="Nano zuri">nano zuri</a> gisa utziz.</li> <li><i>Masa ertaineko izarrak</i> 1,8–2,5 <i>M</i><sub>☉</sub> eta 5–10 <i>M</i><sub>☉</sub> artean dauden izarrak dira, eta masa baxukoek dituzten faseak izaten dituzte, baina denbora tarte erlatiboki labur batean ostean <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erraldoi_gorrien_adarra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erraldoi gorrien adarra (sortu gabe)">erraldoi gorriaren fasean</a> helioa erretzen hasten dira flashik gabe, karbono-oxigeno nukleo degeneratu bat sortzen duten arte euren fase gorrian.</li> <li><i>Izar masiboak</i> orokorrean 7–10 <i>M</i><sub>☉</sub> (edo gutxiago, 5–6 <i>M</i><sub>☉</sub> inguru) duten izarrak dira. Euren hidrogenoa bukatu ostean supererraldoi gorrietan bilakatzen dira eta helioa baino pisutsuagoak diren elementuak sortzeari ekiten diote. Euren bizitzaren amaieran nukleoak kolapsoa jasaten du eta <a href="/wiki/Supernoba" title="Supernoba">supernoba</a> eran lehertzen dira.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sorrera">Sorrera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sorrera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Sorrera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Molekula-hodei batean du jatorria izarrak eta grabitate ezegonkortasunak bultzatzen du bere sorrera. Ezegonkortasunaren jatorria supernoben leherketa edo bi galaxien arteko talkak eragiten du sarri. Gune horretan dentsitatea behar adina handia denean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeansen_ezegonkortasuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeansen ezegonkortasuna (sortu gabe)">Jeansen ezegonkortasuna</a>, bere grabitate indarraren ondorioz kolapsatu egingo da.<sup id="cite_ref-Michael_David_2004_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michael_David_2004-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lainoa kolapsatzen den heinean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bok_globuloak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bok globuloak (sortu gabe)">Bok globuloak</a> izeneko hauts eta gasezko gorputz trinkoak eratzen dira. Hauek 50 eguzki-masatik gora izan ditzakete. Globulua kolapsatu eta dentsitatea handitzen doan eran grabitate indarra bero bilakatzen da eta tenperaturak gora egingo du. Proto-izarraren lainoak <a href="/wiki/Oreka_hidrostatiko" title="Oreka hidrostatiko">oreka hidrostatikoa</a> lortzen duenean, proto-izarra sortzen da erdigunean.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sekuentzia nagusi aurreko izar hauek proto-planeta disko batek inguratzen ditu sarri. Grabitazio-kontrakzioak 10-15 milioi urte inguru irauten ditu. </p><p>2 eguzki masa baino txikiagoak direnei <a href="/wiki/T_Tauri" title="T Tauri">T Tauri</a> izarrak deritzate eta handiagoei <a href="/wiki/Herbig_Ae/Be_izarrak" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbig Ae/Be izarrak">Herbig Ae/Be izarrak</a>. Izar jaioberriek bere errotazio ardatzetik gas zorrotadak isurtzen dituzte, <a href="/wiki/Herbig_Haro_objektua" title="Herbig Haro objektua">Herbig-Haro</a> izenez ezagunak diren nebulosa txikiak sortuz.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Michael_David_2004_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michael_David_2004-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sekuentzia_nagusia">Sekuentzia nagusia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sekuentzia nagusia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Sekuentzia nagusia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izarrek beren bizitzako denboraren % 90 inguru <a href="/wiki/Fusio_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fusio (argipena)">fusio</a> bidez hidrogenoa helio transformatzen iragaten dute, prozesu horretan bero eta presio altuko erreakzioak sortuz. Fase honetan dauden izarrak sekuentzia nagusian daudela esaten da eta <a href="/wiki/Nano_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nano (argipena)">nano</a> deitzen zaie. Izarraren sekuentzia nagusiak irauten duen denbora bere masa eta «<i>argitasuna</i>»k baldintzatzen dute. Eguzkiaren kasuan 10.000.000.000 urte duela aurreikusten da. Izar handiek erregaia oso azkar erretzen dute eta bizitza oso laburra dute. Izar txikiek ordea, <a href="/wiki/Nano_gorri" title="Nano gorri">nano gorri</a> deituak, erregaia oso poliki erretzen dute eta biziraupen oso luzea dute, ehunka bilioi urte. Beraien bizitzaren bukaeran argitasuna galtzen doaz poliki, <a href="/wiki/Nano_beltz" title="Nano beltz">nano beltz</a> bilakatuz. Halere, nano beltzen biziraupena egun unibertsoari estimatzen zaion adina baino handiagoa denez, 13,7 bilioi urte, oraindik ez da halako izarrik dagoenik aurreikusten. </p><p>Izar guztiek sortzen dute izar-haizea, espaziorantzako gas isurketa etengabearen iturburu. Izar gehienetan galdutako masa kopurua arbuiagarritzat har daiteke. Eguzkiak urtero 10<sup>-14</sup> eguzki masa galtzen ditu, hau da, bere bizitza osoan zehar masa guztiaren % 0,01 galduko luke. Izar oso handiek nabarmenagoa dute masa galera, 10<sup>-7</sup> edo 10<sup>-5</sup> masa inguru galtzen baitute urtero, beraien eboluzioaren ondorio den jarioa. Beraien bizia 50 eguzki-masa baino gehiagorekin hasten duten izarrek masaren erdia ere galdu dezakete sekuentzia nagusian dauden bitartean. </p><p>Masa ez ezik, helioa ez den beste elementu pisutsuen kontzentrazioak ere, metalikotasunak alegia, garrantzi handia du izarraren bilakaeran. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sekuentzia_nagusiaren_ondoren">Sekuentzia nagusiaren ondoren</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sekuentzia nagusiaren ondoren»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Sekuentzia nagusiaren ondoren"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>0,4 <a href="/wiki/Eguzki-masa" class="mw-redirect" title="Eguzki-masa">eguzki-masa</a> baino gutxiago duten izarrek erdiguneko hidrogenoa kontsumitzen dutenean, kanpo geruzak zabaldu eta hoztu egiten dira, <a href="/wiki/Erraldoi_gorri" title="Erraldoi gorri">erraldoi gorri</a> bat sortuz. 5 milioi urte barru, eguzkia erraldoi handi bilakatzen denean, <a href="/wiki/Artizarra" title="Artizarra">Artizarra</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Merkurio_(planeta)" title="Merkurio (planeta)">Merkurio</a> irentsiko dituela aurreikusten da. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Erraldoi_gorri" title="Erraldoi gorri">Erraldoi gorri</a> batean fusioak nukleoa inguratzen duen geruza batean jarraitzen du. Orduan nukleoa helioaren fusioa hasteraino konprimituko da, izarraren erradioa txikitu eta gainazaleko tenperatura igoz. Izarrak nukleoko helioa kontsumitu ondoren, fusioak karbono eta oxigenozko nukleotik kanpo jarraituko du. Orduan izarrak hasierako erraldoi gorriaren antzeko garapena jasango du, baina gainazal beroagoaz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Izar_handiak">Izar handiak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izar handiak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Izar handiak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Helio erretze fasean, 9 eguzki-masa baino gehiago dituzten izarrek supererraldoi gorriak eratzeraino zabaltzen dira. Nukleoko erregaia erre ondoren, helioa baino pisutsuagok diren elementuak fusionatzen jarrai dezakete. Nukleoa konprimitu egingo da, tenperatura eta presioa igoaz, karbonoa fusionatzeko gai izan arte. Prozesuak jarraipena izango du, oxigenoa, neoia, silizioa eta sulfuroa erreaz. Bizitzaren bukaeran fusioa izarraren kanpo geruzetan gertatzen da. Geruza bakoitzak elementu bat erretzen du; kanpokoenak hidrogenoa, barrukoak helioa, eta abar. </p><p>Izarraren bizitzaren bukaera burdina sortzen hasten denean iristen da. Burdinazko nukleoa fusionatuz gero ez da energia igortzen, kontsumitu baizik. Izar oso handietan burdina pilatuko da nukleoan. Elementu pisu hauek kanpo geruzetara irten litezke, izarra inguratzen duten objektuak sortuz, <i><a href="/wiki/Wolf-Rayet_izar" title="Wolf-Rayet izar">Wolf-Rayet izar</a></i> bezala ezagunak direnak eta kanpo atmosfera argitzen duen izar-haize trinkoa dutenak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kolapsoa">Kolapsoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kolapsoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Kolapsoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tamaina ertaineko izar garatu batek, 1,4 eguzki-masa baino txikiagoa, planeta nebula bezala askatuko ditu kanpo geruzak. Kanpo geruzak askatu ondoren geratzen den objektu txikia ez da konpresio gehiago jasateko gai eta <a href="/wiki/Nano_zuri" title="Nano zuri">nano zuri</a> deitzen zaio. Nano zuriaren barruko materiak ez du plasma izaten jarraituko, izarrak normalean <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(fisika)" title="Plasma (fisika)">plasmazko</a> esfera kontsideratu arren. Nano zuriak <a href="/wiki/Nano_marroi" title="Nano marroi">nano marroi</a> bilakatuko dira, eta azkenik <a href="/wiki/Nano_beltz" title="Nano beltz">nano beltz</a> denbora epe oso luzean. </p><p>1,4 eguzki-masa baino gehiago dituzten izarretan, leherketaren ondoren burdinazko nukleoaren handitzeak bere masa jasateko gai ez den arte iraungo du fusioak. Nukleoa bat-batean kolapsatuko da, eta elektroiak protoien barrura bultzatuak izango dira, neutroi eta <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrinoak</a> sortuz. Bat-bateko kolapso honek sortutako uhin astinduak izar guztia <a href="/wiki/Supernoba" title="Supernoba">supernoba</a> eran leherraraziko du. Supernobak denbora labur batez izarraren jatorri-galaxia osoa argitzeraino dira distiratsuak. Izar berri bezala identifikatuak izan dira historian zehar esne bidetik at zeuden supernobak, begi hutsez ikusi zitezkeenak behintzat. </p><p>Supernoben leherketan materiaren gehiengoa kanpora jaurtikiko da eta erdigunean geratzen dena <a href="/wiki/Neutroi-izar" title="Neutroi-izar">neutroi izar</a> bilakatuko da, batzuetan <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pulsar</a> edo <a href="/wiki/X_izpi" title="X izpi">X-izpi</a> leherketa, baita <a href="/wiki/Zulo_beltz" title="Zulo beltz">zulo beltz</a> ere 3 eguzki-masa baino gehiago dituzten izarretan. Neutroi-izar batean materia ez da gehiago plasma izango. </p><p>Hiltzen ari diren izarrek kanporatutako geruzek izar berrien sorreran berrerabiltzen diren elementu astunak dituzte, planeten sorrera bideratuz. Izarrarteko materiaren eraketan garrantzi handia dute izar handien supernoba eta izar-haizeak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ezaugarriak">Ezaugarriak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ezaugarriak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Ezaugarriak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adina">Adina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Adina»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Adina"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izar gehienek mila milioi bat eta 10 mila milioi urte bitarteko adina dute. Batzuek 13,7 mila milioi urte dituzte, hau da, unibertso ezagunaren adina. </p><p>Izar handienak dira bizitza laburrena dutenak, erdigunean dagoen presio ikaragarriak hidrogenoa beste izarretan baino lasterrago erretzea eragiten baitu. Izar handienen bizitza milioi bat urte ingurukoa da; aldiz, masa txikiena duten <a href="/wiki/Nano_gorri" title="Nano gorri">nano gorriek</a> hidrogenoa motelago kontsumitzen dutenez ehun mila milioi urte iraun dezakete. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metaltasuna">Metaltasuna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Metaltasuna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Metaltasuna"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Metaltasun" title="Metaltasun">Metaltasun</a>»</div> <p><a href="/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia">Astronomian</a> <a href="/wiki/Helio" title="Helio">helioa</a> baino pisutsuagoak diren elementuak metal elementu kontsideratzen dira, eta elementu hauen kontzentrazio kimikoari metaltasuna deritzo. Metaltasunak izarraren atmosferako burdin kopurua adierazten du orokorrean, burdina oinarrizko elementua denez neurtzen erraza baita. Izarrak etengabe <a href="/wiki/Supernoba" title="Supernoba">supernoben</a> leherketek igorritako elementu pisutsuz hornitzen direnez, burdin kopurua izarraren adina neurtzeko erabiltzen da. Elementu pisutsuen kopurua izarrak planeta sistema bat izan dezakeen jakiteko ere balio du. </p><p>Metaltasunak, <a href="/wiki/Eremu_magnetiko" title="Eremu magnetiko">eremu magnetikoen</a> sorrera, izarrak bere erregaia erretzeko behar duen denbora eta <a href="/wiki/Eguzki_haize" title="Eguzki haize">izar-haizearen</a> indarra baldintzatzen ditu. </p><p>Izar zaharrek gazteek baino metaltasun txikiagoa dute, sortu ziren lainoaren konposaketa dela medio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konposaketa_kimikoa">Konposaketa kimikoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Konposaketa kimikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Konposaketa kimikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izar baten hastapenetan bere konposaketa, osagaien masa kontutan izanik, honako hau da: </p> <ul><li>% 70 hidrogenoa;</li> <li>% 28 helioa;</li> <li>% 2 beste elementu pisutsuago batzuk (elementu metalikoak).</li></ul> <p>Eguzkiak, helioa eta hidrogenoa ez ezik, osagai ditu <a href="/wiki/Karbono" title="Karbono">karbonoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigenoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrogeno" title="Nitrogeno">nitrogenoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Burdina" title="Burdina">burdina</a> ere. Eguzkiaren metalikotasuna 0,02 da; beraz, izar horren masaren % 2a dira metal elementuak. Ezagutzen den burdin kopuru baxuena duen izarra HE 1327-2326 nanoa da, eguzkiaren 1/200.000 burdin kopurua baitu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diametroa">Diametroa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Diametroa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Diametroa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lurra" title="Lurra">Lurraren</a> <a href="/wiki/Diametro" title="Diametro">diametroa</a> 12.756 <a href="/wiki/Kilometro" title="Kilometro">kilometro</a> da. Eguzkiaren diametroa 1.390.400 km da. <a href="/wiki/Antares" title="Antares">Antaresena</a>, berriz, Eguzkiarena halako 700; eta <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Orionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfa Orionis">Betelgeuserena</a>, Eguzkiarena halako 800. </p><p>Izarren diametroa ez da konstantea, beraien bizitza fasearen arabera aldatzen baita. <a href="/wiki/Izar_aldakor" title="Izar aldakor">Izar aldakor</a> periodikoek masa aldakorra dute; <a href="/wiki/RR_Lyrae" title="RR Lyrae">RR Lyrae</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cepheides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cepheides (sortu gabe)">Cepheides</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Mira" class="mw-disambig" title="Mira">Mira</a> izarrek, adibidez. </p><p>Lurretik oso urruti daudenez eguzkia ez beste izarrak puntu soil bezala ikusten dira lurretik behatuta. Izarren kanpo diskoa txikiegia da <a href="/wiki/Teleskopio" title="Teleskopio">teleskopio optiko</a> arrunt batekin ikusi ahal izateko, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interferometro-teleskopio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interferometro-teleskopio (sortu gabe)">interferometro-teleskopio</a> bat behar da behaketarako. </p><p>Izar txikienak <a href="/wiki/Neutroi-izar" title="Neutroi-izar">neutroi izarrak</a> dira, <a href="/wiki/Kilometro" title="Kilometro">kilometro</a> gutxi batzuk dituztenak, eta handienak berriz <a href="/wiki/Supererraldoi" title="Supererraldoi">supererraldoiak</a> dira. Adibidez: <a href="/wiki/Orion_(konstelazioa)" title="Orion (konstelazioa)">Orion konstelazioan</a> dagoen <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Orionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfa Orionis">Betelgeusek</a> <a href="/wiki/Eguzkia" title="Eguzkia">eguzkiak</a> baino 1.000 bider <a href="/wiki/Diametro" title="Diametro">diametro</a> handiago du: 1.390.400.000 <a href="/wiki/Kilometro" title="Kilometro">kilometro</a> gutxigorabehera. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Masa">Masa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Masa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Masa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izarren masa 0,08–120 eguzki-masa bitartekoa da. Masak izarraren bizitza baldintzatzen du, izar handi baten bizitza oso laburra izango baita, oso argitsua izan arren. </p><p>Ezagutzen den izarrik handienetakoa <a href="/wiki/Eta_Carinae" title="Eta Carinae">Eta Carinae</a> da, 100–150 eguzki-masakoa. Bizitza oso laburra du, milioika urte batzukoa soilik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Errotazioa">Errotazioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Errotazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Errotazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izar guztiek egiten dute bere buruaren inguruan bira. <a href="/wiki/Abiadura_angeluar" title="Abiadura angeluar">Errotazio abiadura</a>, zahartzen doan eran, txikitu egiten da, eta izarraren izaera —sinplea, <a href="/wiki/Izar_bitar" title="Izar bitar">bitarra</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Izar_anizkoitz" title="Izar anizkoitz">anizkoitza</a>— baldintzatzen du. </p><p>Izarra objektu solidoa ez denez <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diferentzial-errotazio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diferentzial-errotazio (sortu gabe)">diferentzial-errotazioa</a> du, errotazio abiadura ezberdina baitute <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> ezberdinetan dauden bi puntuek. Izar gazteen errotazio abiadura, ekuatorean, 100 km/s izan liteke. 300 km/s hartzen da izarra desegingo lukeen abiadura kritikotzat. Eguzkiak 25-35 bira egiten ditu egunero; haren ekuatore abiadura 1,994 km/s da. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Achemar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achemar (sortu gabe)">Achemar</a> izarrak, ordea, 225 km/s abiadura du ekuatorean. </p><p>Masa konpaktuko objektu izateraino eraldatzen diren izarrak, errotazio abiadura handitzen dute erradioa txikitzean, nahiz eta abiadura hau ez izan <a href="/wiki/Momentu_angeluar" title="Momentu angeluar">momentu angeluarraren</a> kontserbazio legeak aurreikusi bezain handia. Izarraren momentu angeluar galera izarrarteko haizeak galarazitako masaren ondorio da hein handi batean. <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">Pulsar</a> baten errotazioa oso garaia izan liteke hala ere, erradiazio igorpena eta abiadura txikitzen joango da pixkanaka. <a href="/wiki/Karramarroaren_nebulosa" title="Karramarroaren nebulosa">Karramarroaren nebulosaren</a> bihotzeko pulsarrak, adibidez, segundoko 30 bider errotatzen du. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kolorea_eta_tenperatura">Kolorea eta tenperatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kolorea eta tenperatura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Kolorea eta tenperatura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Begi hutsez begiratu ezkero zuriak dirudite izar gehientsuenek, baina <a href="/wiki/Urdin" title="Urdin">urdinak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zuri" title="Zuri">zuriak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorri" title="Gorri">gorriak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laranja" title="Laranja">laranja</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hori" title="Hori">horiak</a> dira. <a href="/wiki/Kolore" title="Kolore">Kolorea</a> izarraren tenperaturarekin dago erlazionaturik. </p><p>Koloreak izarren espektro-mota ematen digu, izarra sailkatzeko baliagarria izango dena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenperatura">Tenperatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Tenperatura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Tenperatura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1em;"> <caption><i>Izar mota ezberdinen <br /> gainazal tenperatura mailak</i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Mota </th> <th>Tenperatura </th> <th>Adibide izarra </th></tr> <tr> <td>O </td> <td>33,000 K edo gehiago </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeta_Ophiuchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeta Ophiuchi (sortu gabe)">Zeta Ophiuchi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>B </td> <td>10,500–30,000 K </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigel" title="Rigel">Rigel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A </td> <td>7,500–10,000 K </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Altair" title="Altair">Altair</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>F </td> <td>6,000–7,200 K </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Procyon" title="Procyon">Procyon A</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>G </td> <td>5,500–6,000 K </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eguzkia" title="Eguzkia">Eguzkia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>K </td> <td>4,000–5,250 K </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95_Indi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ε Indi (sortu gabe)">ε Indi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>M </td> <td>2,600–3,850 K </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proxima_Centauri" title="Proxima Centauri">Proxima Centauri</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sekuentzia nagusiko izarren gainazalaren tenperatura erdigunean sortzen den energia eta erradioaren araberakoa da. Eguzkiak milaka gradu batzuk ditu. Izar handiek ordea 50,000 ºK ere izan ditzakete. Erraldoi handiek tenperatura baxuak dituzte, 3.600 ºK inguru, baina argitasuna handia izaten da azalera handia baitute. </p><p>Gainazaleko tenperatura izarra sailkatzeko erabiltzen da, bere magnitude eta espektro absortzio marrekin batera. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argitasuna">Argitasuna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Argitasuna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Argitasuna"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Astronomian argitasuna izarrak denbora unitateko igortzen duen argi kopurua da. Erradioak eta izarraren gainazalak baldintzatzen dute izar baten argitasuna. </p><p>Ohikoa baino argitasun eta tenperatura baxuagoa duten izarreko guneei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar-lohiunea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izar-lohiunea (sortu gabe)">izar-lohiuneak</a> deitzen zaie. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Izar_nano" title="Izar nano">Nano</a> txikiek —adibidez, Eguzkiak— lohiune gutxi batzuk dituen gainazal lauak izaten dituzte. Handiagoak diren <a href="/wiki/Izar_erraldoi" title="Izar erraldoi">erraldoiek</a> lohiune handiago eta nabarmenagoak dituzte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distira">Distira</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Distira»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Distira"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em;"> <caption><i>Magnitude jakin bat baino distiratsuagoak den izar kopurua</i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Itxurazko<br />magnitudea </th> <th>Izar <br /> kopurua </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">1 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">15 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">2 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">48 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">3 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">171 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">4 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">513 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">5 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">1,602 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">6 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">7 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">14,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Izarren distira <i>magnitudea</i> izeneko balio batekin adierazten da. Balio hori zenbat eta txikiagoa izan, orduan eta distiratsuagoa da izarra. </p><p>Magnitudea neurtzeko bi balio erabiltzen dira: </p> <ul><li>itxurazko magnitudea: izarraren behatze distira, izarrerainoko distantzia kontuan izan gabe;</li> <li>berezko magnitudea: izarraren behatze distira, izarrerainoko distantzia 10 <a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">parsec</a> (32,6 argi-urte) denean.</li></ul> <p>Bi magnitudeak <a href="/wiki/Logaritmo" title="Logaritmo">unitate logaritmikoak</a> dira: Magnitude aldea unitate batekoa den bi izarren arteko argitasun aldea 2,5 da. Beraz, +1,00 magnitude duen izarra +2,00 magnitudea duen izarra baino 2,5 bider distiratsuagoa da eta +6,00 magnitudea duen izarra baino 100 bider distiratsuagoa. </p><p>Bi magnitude hauek desberdinak dira izar berean. Adibidez Eguzkiaren itxurazko magnitudea -26,7 da eta berezko magnitudea +4,83. Lurretik ikusita, <a href="/wiki/Sirius" title="Sirius">Sirius</a> da zeruko izarrik distiratsuena, baina itxurazko magnitudea -1,44 du eta berezkoa berriz +1,41. Itxurazko magnitudeak lurretik ikusita izarrik distiratsuenak zein diren esaten digu, eta berezko magnitudeak berriz benetan izarrik distiratsuena zein den. </p><p>Begi hutsez ikuskorra den distira gutxieneko izarra +6,00 magnitude ingurukoa da. </p><p>2006ean ezagutzen den izarrik distiratsuena <a href="/w/index.php?title=LBV_1806-20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LBV 1806-20 (sortu gabe)">LBV 1806-20</a> da, eta -14,2 du berezko magnitudea. Izar hau eguzkia baino 38.000.000 bider argitsuagoa da. Distira gutxien duten izarrak <i>NGC 6397</i> multzoan daude, eta berezko magnitudea +28 duen <a href="/wiki/Nano_zuri" title="Nano zuri">nano zuri</a> bat topatu da han. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eremu_magnetikoa">Eremu magnetikoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Eremu magnetikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Eremu magnetikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izar gehienek izar-haizearen araberako eremu magnetiko oso biziak dituzte, baita eguzkiak ere. Izar-haizea izarrek igorritako erradiazio eta partikulei deitzen zaie; eguzkiarenari eguzki-haizea deritzo. </p><p>Eguzkiaren eremu magnetikoaren intentsitate aldaketak jakiteko, eguzki-haizearen gorabeherei behatzen zaie, hau da, gainazaleko lohiuneen kopuru eta tamainei. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sailkapena">Sailkapena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sailkapena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Sailkapena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="nounderlines" style="width: 400px; float: right; margin: none; padding: none; border: none; clear: right; background-color: #ffffff;"> <div style="position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: {{{svg-background-color}}};"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:HR-diag-no-text-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/HR-diag-no-text-2.svg/400px-HR-diag-no-text-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="457" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/HR-diag-no-text-2.svg/600px-HR-diag-no-text-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/HR-diag-no-text-2.svg/800px-HR-diag-no-text-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="585" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left:74px; top: 392px;"><a href="/wiki/Hertzsprung-Russell_diagrama" title="Hertzsprung-Russell diagrama"><span style="color: #000080; font-size: 110%">Hertzsprung-Russell diagrama</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left:182px; top: 432px;"><a href="/wiki/Izar-sailkapen" class="mw-redirect" title="Izar-sailkapen"><span style="color: #000080; font-size: 120%">Izar-mota</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left:322px; top: 364px;"><a href="/wiki/Nano_marroi" title="Nano marroi"><span style="color: white; font-size: 100%">Nano marroiak</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left:154px; top: 316px;"><a href="/wiki/Nano_zuri" title="Nano zuri"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">Nano zuriak</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left:334px; top: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Nano_gorri" title="Nano gorri"><span style="color: white; font-size: 100%">Nano gorriak</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left:202px; top: 268px;"><a href="/wiki/Izar_azpinano" title="Izar azpinano"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">Azpinanoak</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left:94px; top: 222px;"><a href="/wiki/Sekuentzia_nagusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekuentzia nagusi"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">Sekuentzia nagusia<br />("nanoak")</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left:262px; top: 184px;"><a href="/wiki/Azpierraldoi" title="Azpierraldoi"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">Azpierraldoiak</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left:174px; top: 164px;"><a href="/wiki/Izar_erraldoi" title="Izar erraldoi"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">Izar erraldoiak</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left:194px; top: 132px;"><a href="/wiki/Erraldoi_argitsu" title="Erraldoi argitsu"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">Erraldoi argitsuak</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left:174px; top: 104px;"><a href="/wiki/Supererraldoi" title="Supererraldoi"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">Supererraldoiak</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left:174px; top: 71.2px;"><a href="/wiki/Hipererraldoi" title="Hipererraldoi"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">Hipererraldoiak</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left:2px; top: 212px;"><a href="/wiki/Magnitude_absolutu" title="Magnitude absolutu"><span style="color: #000080; font-size: 100%">Magnitude<br />abso-<br />lutua<br />(M<sub>V</sub>)</span></a></div> </div> </div><div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Izarren_sailkapena" title="Izarren sailkapena">Izarren sailkapena</a>»</div> <p><a href="/wiki/Espektro_elektromagnetiko" title="Espektro elektromagnetiko">Espektro</a> motaren araberako sailkapena letra batez adierazten da; <b>O</b> motatik, oso beroa, <b>M</b> motaraino, oso hotza, doana. Sailkatzeko erabiltzen diren hizkiak, berotik hotzera, honako hauek dira: <b>O</b>, <b>B</b>, <b>A</b>, <b>F</b>, <b>G</b>, <b>K</b> eta <b>M</b>. Espektro mota bereziek letra bereziak dituzte. Ohikoenak <b>L</b> eta <b>T</b> dira, masa txikiko hotzenak eta nano marroiak sailkatzen dituztenak. </p><p>Letra bakoitzak 10 azpi-maila ditu, zenbakiz adieraziak, <b>0</b> eta <b>9</b> bitartean beroenetik hotzenera. Mugarik beroenean sailkapenak ez du balio, <b>O0</b> eta <b>O1</b> motako izarrak ez baitira existitzen. </p><p>Batzuetan sailkapen honi izarraren argitasuna adierazten duen zenbaki bat gehitzen zaio. <b>0</b> <a href="/wiki/Hipererraldoi" title="Hipererraldoi">hipererraldoientzako</a>, <b>III</b> <a href="/wiki/Erraldoi_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Erraldoi (argipena)">erraldoientzako</a>, <b>V</b> sekuentzia nagusiko <a href="/wiki/Izar_nano" title="Izar nano">nanoentzako</a> eta <b>VII</b> <a href="/wiki/Nano_zuri" title="Nano zuri">nano zurientzako</a>. Izar gehienak sekuentzia nagusian daude kokatuak. Eguzkia sekuentzia nagusian dagoen <a href="/wiki/Nano_hori" title="Nano hori">nano hori</a> bat da, <b>G2V</b> multzoari dagokiona. </p><p>Espektro kasu berezia duten izarrak adierazteko hizki txikiak erabiltzen dira. Adibidez <b>e</b> hizkiak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Igortze-marra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Igortze-marra (sortu gabe)">igortze-marrak</a> daudela esan nahi du; <b>m</b> hizkiak ezohikoa den metal kopuru handiak adierazten ditu; <b>var</b> hizkiek espektro motaren aldaerak adierazten ditu. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nano_zuri" title="Nano zuri">Nano zuriek</a> <b>D</b> hizkiak hasten den multzo propioa dute, ondorengo azpimultzoetan banatua dagoena: <b>DA</b>, <b>DB</b>, <b>DC</b>, <b>DO</b>, <b>DZ</b> eta <b>DQ</b>. Azken hauek espektroko marra esanguratsuenen arabera. Jarraian tenperatura adierazten duen balore bat gehitzen zaio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izarraren_zatiak">Izarraren zatiak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izarraren zatiak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Izarraren zatiak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Sun_parts_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sun_parts_big.jpg/250px-Sun_parts_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sun_parts_big.jpg/330px-Sun_parts_big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sun_parts_big.jpg/440px-Sun_parts_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Eguzki motako izar baten ebaketa. <i>NASAko irudia</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Izar tipiko baten zati nagusiak nukleoa, barnealdea eta atmosfera dira. Nukleoan gertatzen dira izarraren energia iturburu diren <a href="/wiki/Erreakzio_nuklear" title="Erreakzio nuklear">erreakzio nuklearrak</a>. Barnealdeak gainazalera garraiatzen du nukleoan sortutako energia. Garraio hori bi era ezberdinetan egiten da, horren arabera bi eremu bereiziz: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barnealde_erradioaktibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barnealde erradioaktibo (sortu gabe)">barnealde erradioaktiboa</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barnealde_konbektibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barnealde konbektibo (sortu gabe)">barnealde konbektiboa</a>. Atmosfera da izarraren kanpoaldean dagoen eremua; hiru zati ditu barnealdetik kanpora: <a href="/wiki/Fotosfera" title="Fotosfera">fotosfera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kromosfera" title="Kromosfera">kromosfera</a>, eta <a href="/wiki/Eguzki_koroa" title="Eguzki koroa">koroa</a>. Atmosfera da izarreko zatirik hotzena eta bertan gertatzen dira materia igortzen duten fenomenoak. Nahiz eta atmosfera izan izarreko zatirik hotzena, koroan tenperatura asko igotzen da, milioi graduraino gutxienez. Koroak dentsitate baxua du eta tenperatura altua izarraren eremu magnetikoan abiadura handiz mugitzen diren partikula ionizatuek ematen diote. </p><p>Bere bizitzan izarren eremuek tamainaz aldatzen dira, baita kokapenez ere. Batzuetan barnealde konbektiboa barnealde erradioaktiboa baino lehen egongo da, eta besteetan alderantziz. Nukleoak ere alda ditzake bere ezaugarriak eta tamaina. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oharrak">Oharrak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Oharrak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Oharrak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: upper-roman;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Galaxiak eta izar-kumuluak <i>nebula</i> gisa aipatzen dira, mendeak beharko zirelako jakiteko zer ziren benetan.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ZTH:_izar-1"><a href="#cite_ref-ZTH:_izar_1-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zthiztegia.elhuyar.eus/terminoa/eu/izar">«izar»</a> <i>Zientzia eta Teknologien Hiztegi Entziklopedikoa</i> (Elhuyar Fundazioa) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-01-30)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forbes-2">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes_2-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes_2-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFForbes2005-05-01">Forbes, George.  (2005-05-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/8172"><i>History of Astronomy. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-19)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wallhapp.com/urano/johannes-hevelius">«Hevelius, Firmamentum Sobiescianum sive Uranographia»</a> <i>WallHapp Catalogue</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-19)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webexhibits.org/calendars/calendar-ancient.html"><i>Other Ancient Calendars. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFVon_Spaeth2000-07-01">Von Spaeth, Ove.  (2000-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1034/j.1600-0498.2000.420301.x/abstract">«Dating the Oldest Egyptian Star Map»</a> <i>Centaurus</i> 42 (3): 159–179.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1034%2Fj.1600-0498.2000.420301.x">10.1034/j.1600-0498.2000.420301.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1600-0498">1600-0498</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFNorth1995">North, John David.  (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31854784"><i>The Norton history of astronomy and cosmology. </i></a> (1. argitaraldia) Norton <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0393036561" title="Berezi:BookSources/0393036561">0393036561</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roslyn-7">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Roslyn_7-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roslyn_7-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFrank2015">Frank, Roslyn M..  (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4614-6141-8_11"><i>Origins of the “Western” Constellations. </i></a> Springer, 147–163 or.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4614-6141-8_11">10.1007/978-1-4614-6141-8_11</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9781461461401" title="Berezi:BookSources/9781461461401">9781461461401</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eaa.crcpress.com/0333750888/3440"><i>Aristillus (c. 200 BC). </i></a>  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1888%2F0333750888%2F3440">10.1888/0333750888/3440</a></span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGrasshoff1990">Grasshoff, Gerd.  (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/20596199"><i>The history of Ptolemy's star catalogue. </i></a> Springer-Verlag <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0387971815" title="Berezi:BookSources/0387971815">0387971815</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESO_Projects-10">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ESO_Projects_10-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESO_Projects_10-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2004/casreports-2004/rep-228/">«Projects»</a> <i>ESO.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conferences.phys.uoa.gr/jets2008/historical.html"><i>Protostellar Jets In Context. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGingerich1984">Gingerich, Owen.  (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books/about/Astronomical_Scrapbook.html?id=Jyq2ZwEACAAJ&redir_esc=y"><i>Astronomical Scrapbook: The Origin of the Zodiac. </i></a> Sky Publishing Corporation <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFrankBengoa2001">Frank, M. R.; Bengoa, J. A..  (2001). «Hunting the European sky-bears: on the origin of the non-zodiacal constellation» <i>Astronomy, cosmology and landscape</i>: 15-44.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFrank2000">Frank, R. M..  (2000). Belmonte J. A. ed. «Hunting the European sky bears: Hercules meets Hartzkume» <i>Archaeoastronomy and astronomy in culture: exploring diversity</i> (Santa Cruz de Tenerife: OAMC): 295-302.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFClarkStephenson1982-11-01">Clark, D. H.; Stephenson, F. R..  (1982-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982ASIC...90..355C"><i>The Historical Supernovae. </i></a>, 355–370 or. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFZhaoStromJiang2006">Zhao, Fu-Yuan; Strom, R. G.; Jiang, Shi-Yang.  (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stacks.iop.org/1009-9271/6/i=5/a=17">«The Guest Star of AD185 must have been a Supernova»</a> <i>Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics</i> 6 (5): 635.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F1009-9271%2F6%2F5%2F17">10.1088/1009-9271/6/5/17</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1009-9271">1009-9271</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noao.edu/outreach/press/pr03/pr0304.html"><i>NOAO Press Release 03-04: Astronomers Peg Brightness of History’s Brightest Star. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMcArthur">McArthur, Hartmut Frommert, Christine Kronberg, Guy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://messier.seds.org/more/m001_sn.html"><i>Supernova 1054 - Creation of the Crab Nebula. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFDuyvendak1942ko_apirila">Duyvendak, J. 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U.; Oort, J. H..  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(1962-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/349558">«The Observatory in Islam and Its Place in the General History of the Observatory. Aydin Sayili»</a> <i>Isis</i> 53 (2): 237–239.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F349558">10.1086/349558</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0021-1753">0021-1753</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKenneth1991">Kenneth, Glyn Jones.  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(2004-12-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-128606463/fakhr-al-din-al-razi-on-physics-and-the-nature-of">«Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi on Physics and the Nature of the Physical World: A Preliminary Survey»</a> <i>Islam & Science</i> 2 (2) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1703-762X">1703-762X</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stsci.edu/stsci/meetings/lisa3/hoskinm.html"><i>The Value of Archives in Writing the History of Astronomy. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFProctor1870-01-27">Proctor, Richard A..  (1870-01-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/001331a0">«Are Any of the Nebulæ Star-Systems?»</a> <i>Nature</i> 1 (13): 331–333.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F001331a0">10.1038/001331a0</a></span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721210124/http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/scientists/secchi.htm"><i>Angelo Secchi, S.J.. </i></a> 2011-07-21 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFRobert_Grant_Aitken">Robert Grant Aitken, Robert Grant. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/TheBinaryStars"><i>The Binary Stars. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMichelsonPease1921eko_maiatza">Michelson, A. 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(2003-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.astro.41.011802.094844">«Embedded Clusters in Molecular Clouds»</a> <i>Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics</i> 41 (1): 57–115.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.astro.41.011802.094844">10.1146/annurev.astro.41.011802.094844</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0066-4146">0066-4146</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/768490749"><i>A dictionary of astronomy. </i></a> (2. argitaraldia) Oxford University Press 2012 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780199609055" title="Berezi:BookSources/9780199609055">9780199609055</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKwok2000">Kwok, Sun.  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(1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996swhs.conf..491B"><i>The Birth of Stars: Herbig-Haro Jets, Accretion and Proto-Planetary Disks. </i></a>, 491 or. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-12-29)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orokorrak">Orokorrak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Orokorrak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Orokorrak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argizagi" title="Argizagi">Argizagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izarren_zerrendak" class="mw-redirect" title="Izarren zerrendak">Izarren zerrendak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izar_zirkunpolar" title="Izar zirkunpolar">Izar zirkunpolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izar-paralaxia" title="Izar-paralaxia">Izar-paralaxia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ezohiko_izarrak">Ezohiko izarrak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ezohiko izarrak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Ezohiko izarrak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zulo_beltz" title="Zulo beltz">Zulo beltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipernoba" title="Hipernoba">Hipernoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutroi-izar" title="Neutroi-izar">Neutroi-izar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izar_iheskor" class="mw-redirect" title="Izar iheskor">Izar iheskor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiperabiadura_izar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiperabiadura izar (sortu gabe)">Hiperabiadura izar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izar_aldakor" title="Izar aldakor">Izar aldakorrak</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izar&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jumk.de/astronomie/astronomy.shtml">Astronomy: <i>The Stars</i></a>, argizagi batzuei buruzko datuak.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114733">ph114733</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300387654">300387654</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/star-astronomy">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D055609">D055609</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q523" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q523">Q523</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span 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