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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elf_or_fairy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Elf or fairy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elf_or_fairy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconciling_multiple_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconciling_multiple_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Reconciling multiple traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconciling_multiple_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Development-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Development subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early writings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Book_of_Lost_Tales_(c._1917–1927)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Book_of_Lost_Tales_(c._1917–1927)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span><i>The Book of Lost Tales</i> (c. 1917–1927)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Book_of_Lost_Tales_(c._1917–1927)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Hobbit_(c._1930–1937)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Hobbit_(c._1930–1937)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span><i>The Hobbit</i> (c. 1930–1937)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Hobbit_(c._1930–1937)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Quenta_Silmarillion_(c._1937)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Quenta_Silmarillion_(c._1937)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span><i>The Quenta Silmarillion</i> (c. 1937)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Quenta_Silmarillion_(c._1937)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(c._1937–1949)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(c._1937–1949)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span><i>The Lord of the Rings</i> (c. 1937–1949)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(c._1937–1949)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fictional_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fictional_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fictional history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fictional_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fictional history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fictional_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Awakening" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awakening"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Awakening</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awakening-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sundering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sundering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sundering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sundering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Exile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wars_of_Beleriand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wars_of_Beleriand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Wars of Beleriand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wars_of_Beleriand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_and_Third_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_and_Third_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Second and Third Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_and_Third_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Fourth Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Appearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Appearance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Skill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elvish_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elvish_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Elvish languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elvish_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_immortality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_immortality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Death and immortality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_immortality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Primary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Secondary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Elves in Middle-earth</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%81_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%89)" title="آلف (الأرض الوسطى) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آلف (الأرض الوسطى)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfl%C9%99r_(Orta_D%C3%BCnya)" title="Elflər (Orta Dünya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elflər (Orta Dünya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%8B_(%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%E2%80%99%D0%B5)" title="Эльфы (Міжзем’е) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эльфы (Міжзем’е)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B8_(%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F)" title="Елфи (Средна земя) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Елфи (Средна земя)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilenjaci_(Srednja_zemlja)" title="Vilenjaci (Srednja zemlja) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vilenjaci (Srednja zemlja)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf_(Douar-ar-C%27hreiz)" title="Elf (Douar-ar-C'hreiz) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Elf (Douar-ar-C'hreiz)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfs_(Terra_Mitjana)" title="Elfs (Terra Mitjana) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Elfs (Terra Mitjana)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfov%C3%A9_(St%C5%99edozem)" title="Elfové (Středozem) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elfové (Středozem)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elverfolk_(Tolkien)" title="Elverfolk (Tolkien) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elverfolk (Tolkien)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elben_(Mittelerde)" title="Elben (Mittelerde) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elben (Mittelerde)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfos_(Tolkien)" title="Elfos (Tolkien) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elfos (Tolkien)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87)" title="الف (سرزمین میانه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الف (سرزمین میانه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfe_(Terre_du_Milieu)" title="Elfe (Terre du Milieu) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Elfe (Terre du Milieu)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfo_(Terra_Media)" title="Elfo (Terra Media) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Elfo (Terra Media)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%EC%A0%95_(%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%B4%EB%8D%B0%EB%95%85)" title="요정 (가운데땅) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요정 (가운데땅)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D6%86%D5%A5%D6%80_(%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80)" title="Էլֆեր (Միջերկիր) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլֆեր (Միջերկիր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilenjaci_(Tolkien)" title="Vilenjaci (Tolkien) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vilenjaci (Tolkien)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf_(Dunia_Tengah)" title="Elf (Dunia Tengah) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elf (Dunia Tengah)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfi_della_Terra_di_Mezzo" title="Elfi della Terra di Mezzo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elfi della Terra di Mezzo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_(%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9F)" title="בני לילית (טולקין) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בני לילית (טולקין)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="ელფი (შუახმელეთი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელფი (შუახმელეთი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dryades_(Terra_Media)" title="Dryades (Terra Media) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dryades (Terra Media)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCnd%C3%A9k" title="Tündék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tündék" 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hreflang="ja" data-title="エルフ (トールキン)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alv_(Tolkien)" title="Alv (Tolkien) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alv (Tolkien)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quendi" title="Quendi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Quendi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfos_(Tolkien)" title="Elfos (Tolkien) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" 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badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilini" title="Vilini – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vilini" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_(%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD)" title="Вилењаци (Толкин) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вилењаци (Толкин)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilenjaci_(Me%C4%91uzemlje)" title="Vilenjaci (Međuzemlje) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vilenjaci (Međuzemlje)" 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elf_(Middle-earth)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Elf (Middle-earth)">Elf (Middle-earth)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Humanoid race from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth</div> <p> In <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>'s writings, <b>Elves</b> are the first fictional race to appear in <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a>. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Man_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Man (Middle-earth)">Men</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwarf (Middle-earth)">Dwarves</a>, Elves <a href="/wiki/Death_and_immortality_in_Middle-earth" title="Death and immortality in Middle-earth">do not die</a> of disease or old age. Should they die in battle or of grief, their souls go to the <a href="/wiki/Halls_of_Mandos" class="mw-redirect" title="Halls of Mandos">Halls of Mandos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aman_(J._R._R._Tolkien)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aman (J. R. R. Tolkien)">Aman</a>. After a long life in Middle-earth, Elves yearn for the <a href="/wiki/Earthly_Paradise" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthly Paradise">Earthly Paradise</a> of <a href="/wiki/Valinor" title="Valinor">Valinor</a>, and can sail there from the Grey Havens. They feature in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>. Their history is described in detail in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a></i>. </p><p>Tolkien derived Elves from mentions in the ancient poetry and languages of Northern Europe, especially <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a>. These suggested to him that Elves were large, dangerous, beautiful, lived in wild natural places, and practised archery. He invented languages for the Elves, including <a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a>. </p><p>Tolkien-style Elves have become a <a href="/wiki/Elves_in_fiction" title="Elves in fiction">staple of fantasy literature</a>. They have appeared, too, in film and role-playing game adaptations of Tolkien's works. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">Elf</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Icelandic_folklore">Icelandic folklore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Icelandic folklore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The framework for <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>'s conception of his Elves, and many points of detail in his portrayal of them, is thought by Haukur Þorgeirsson to have come from the survey of folklore and early modern scholarship about elves (<i>álfar</i>) in Icelandic tradition in the introduction to <i><a class="external text" href="https://is.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslenzkar_%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0s%C3%B6gur_og_%C3%A6fint%C3%BDri">Íslenzkar þjóðsögur og æfintýri</a></i> ('Icelandic legends and fairy tales'). It covered stories from the 17th century onwards, noting that elves are the firstborn race;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that they could marry humans; and that they lack an immortal soul.<sup id="cite_ref-Þorgeirsson_2023_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Þorgeirsson_2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germanic_word">Germanic word</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Germanic word"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modern English word <i><a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">Elf</a></i> derives from the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> word <i><a href="/wiki/Elf#Old_English" title="Elf">ælf</a></i> (with cognates in all other <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_etymology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous types of elves appear in <a href="/wiki/Germanic_mythology" title="Germanic mythology">Germanic mythology</a>; the West Germanic concept appears to have come to differ from the Scandinavian notion in the early Middle Ages, and the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> concept diverged even further, possibly under <a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic</a> influence.<sup id="cite_ref-Simek_1972_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simek_1972-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a> made it clear in a letter that his Elves differed from those "of the better known lore"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian mythology">Scandinavian mythology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halfway_beings">Halfway beings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Halfway beings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Tolkien scholar <a href="/wiki/Tom_Shippey" title="Tom Shippey">Tom Shippey</a> notes that one <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> source which he presumes Tolkien must have read, the <i><a href="/wiki/South_English_Legendary" class="mw-redirect" title="South English Legendary">South English Legendary</a></i> from c. 1250, describes elves much as Tolkien does:<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_Legendary_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_Legendary-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"> <tbody><tr> <th><i><a href="/wiki/South_English_Legendary" class="mw-redirect" title="South English Legendary">South English Legendary</a></i><br />"St Michael" 253-258</th> <th>Modern English </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>And ofte in fourme of wommane : In many derne weye<br />grete compaygnie mon i-seoth of heom : boþe hoppie and pleiƺe,<br />Þat Eluene beoth i-cleopede : and ofte heo comiez to toune,<br />And bi daye muche in wodes heo beoth : and bi niƺte ope heiƺe dounes.<br />Þat beoth þe wrechche gostes : Þat out of heuene weren i-nome,<br />And manie of heom a-domesday : Ʒeot schullen to reste come.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Horstmann_1887_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horstmann_1887-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>And often shaped like women: On many secret paths<br />men see great numbers of them: dancing and sporting.<br />These are called Elves: and often they come to town<br />and by day they are much in the woods: by night up on the high <a href="/wiki/Downland" title="Downland">downs</a>.<br />Those are the wretched spirits: that were taken out of <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a>,<br />And at <a href="/wiki/Judgement_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgement Day">Doomsday</a> many of them shall come to rest. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Some of Tolkien's Elves are in the "undying lands" of <a href="/wiki/Valinor" title="Valinor">Valinor</a>, home of the godlike <a href="/wiki/Valar" title="Valar">Valar</a>, while others are in Middle-earth. The Elf-queen <a href="/wiki/Galadriel" title="Galadriel">Galadriel</a> indeed has been expelled from Valinor, much like the fallen <a href="/wiki/Melkor" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkor">Melkor</a>, though she is clearly good, and much like an angel. Similarly, some of the <i>Legendary</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <i>Eluene</i> are on Earth, others in the "<a href="/wiki/Earthly_Paradise" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthly Paradise">Earthly Paradise</a>". So, did they have souls, Shippey asks? Since they could not leave the world, the answer was no; but given that they didn't disappear completely on death, the answer had to have been yes. In Shippey's view, the <i>Silmarillion</i> resolved the Middle English puzzle, letting Elves go not to Heaven but to the halfway house of the <a href="/wiki/Halls_of_Mandos" class="mw-redirect" title="Halls of Mandos">Halls of Mandos</a> on Valinor.<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_Legendary_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_Legendary-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elf_or_fairy">Elf or fairy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Elf or fairy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edwin_Landseer_-_Scene_from_A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream._Titania_and_Bottom_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Edwin_Landseer_-_Scene_from_A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream._Titania_and_Bottom_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Edwin_Landseer_-_Scene_from_A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream._Titania_and_Bottom_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Edwin_Landseer_-_Scene_from_A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream._Titania_and_Bottom_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Edwin_Landseer_-_Scene_from_A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream._Titania_and_Bottom_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Edwin_Landseer_-_Scene_from_A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream._Titania_and_Bottom_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Edwin_Landseer_-_Scene_from_A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream._Titania_and_Bottom_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5783" data-file-height="3474" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a> <a href="/wiki/Fairy_painting" title="Fairy painting">Fairy painting</a>: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Landseer" title="Edwin Landseer">Edwin Landseer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Scene_from_A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream" title="Scene from A Midsummer Night's Dream">Scene from A Midsummer Night's Dream. Titania and Bottom</a></i>, 1851</figcaption></figure> <p>By the late 19th century, the term 'fairy' had been taken up as a <a href="/wiki/Utopian" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopian">utopian</a> theme, and was used to critique social and religious values, a tradition which Tolkien and <a href="/wiki/T._H._White" title="T. H. White">T. H. White</a> continued.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the last of the <a href="/wiki/Fairy_painting#Victorian_fairy_painting" title="Fairy painting">Victorian Fairy-paintings</a>, <i>The Piper of Dreams</i> by <a href="/wiki/Estella_Canziani" title="Estella Canziani">Estella Canziani</a>, sold 250,000 copies and was well known within the trenches of World War I where Tolkien saw active service. Illustrated posters of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>'s poem <i>Land of Nod</i> had been sent out by a philanthropist to brighten servicemen's quarters, and Faery was used in other contexts as an image of "<a href="/wiki/Merry_England" title="Merry England">Old England</a>" to inspire patriotism.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1915, when Tolkien was writing his first elven poems, the words<i> elf</i>, <i>fairy</i> and <i>gnome</i> had many divergent and contradictory associations. Tolkien had been gently warned against the term 'fairy', which <a href="/wiki/John_Garth_(author)" title="John Garth (author)">John Garth</a> supposes may have been due to its growing association with <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a>, but Tolkien continued to use it.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Burns" title="Marjorie Burns">Marjorie Burns</a>, Tolkien eventually but hesitantly chose the term <i>elf</i> over <i>fairy</i>. In his 1939 essay <i><a href="/wiki/On_Fairy-Stories" title="On Fairy-Stories">On Fairy-Stories</a></i>, Tolkien wrote that "English words such as <i>elf</i> have long been influenced by French (from which <i>fay</i> and <i>faërie</i>, <i>fairy</i> are derived); but in later times, through their use in translation, <i>fairy</i> and <i>elf</i> have acquired much of the atmosphere of German, Scandinavian, and Celtic tales, and many characteristics of the <i><a href="/wiki/Hulduf%C3%B3lk" title="Huldufólk">huldu-fólk</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Aos_S%C3%AD" title="Aos Sí">daoine-sithe</a></i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Tylwyth_Teg" title="Tylwyth Teg">tylwyth-teg</a></i>."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Names"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reconciling_multiple_traditions">Reconciling multiple traditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reconciling multiple traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Philology_and_Middle-earth" title="Philology and Middle-earth">Philology and Middle-earth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elf#Proper_names" title="Elf">Elf § Proper names</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beowulf_eotenas_ylfe_orcneas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Beowulf_eotenas_ylfe_orcneas.jpg/440px-Beowulf_eotenas_ylfe_orcneas.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Beowulf_eotenas_ylfe_orcneas.jpg/660px-Beowulf_eotenas_ylfe_orcneas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Beowulf_eotenas_ylfe_orcneas.jpg/880px-Beowulf_eotenas_ylfe_orcneas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1009" data-file-height="163" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <i>eotenas [ond] ylfe [ond] orcneas</i>, "ogres [and] elves [and] devil-corpses", inspiring Tolkien to create <a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">orcs</a>, elves, and other races</figcaption></figure> <p>Tolkien, a <a href="/wiki/Philologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philologist">philologist</a>, knew of the many seemingly contradictory traditions about elves. The Old English <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i>-poet spoke of the strange <i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunn" title="Jötunn">eotenas</a> ond ylfe ond <a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">orcn</a>éas</i>, "<a href="/wiki/Ent" title="Ent">ettens</a> [giants] and elves and demon-corpses",<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_etymology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a grouping which Shippey calls "a very stern view of all non-human and un-Christian species".<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_Legendary_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_Legendary-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Middle English <i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Gawain" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Gawain">Sir Gawain</a></i> meets a green axe-wielding giant, an <i>aluisch mon</i> ("elvish man", translated by Shippey as "uncanny creature").<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_etymology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian sources from Iceland knew and disapproved of the tradition of offering <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">sacrifices</a> to the elves, <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lfabl%C3%B3t" title="Álfablót"><i>álfa-blót</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_etymology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elf-Arrows.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Elf-Arrows.JPG/170px-Elf-Arrows.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Elf-Arrows.JPG/255px-Elf-Arrows.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Elf-Arrows.JPG/340px-Elf-Arrows.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="1576" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elf-shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Elf-shot">Elf-shot</a>, associated with "<a href="/wiki/Elf_arrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Elf arrow">elf arrows</a>", <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">neolithic</a> flint arrowheads sometimes used as <a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">amulets</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was one of the hints Tolkien used to create his Elves.<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_etymology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Elves were directly dangerous, too: the medical condition "<a href="/wiki/Elf-shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Elf-shot">elf-shot</a>", described in the spell <i>Gif hors ofscoten sie</i>, "if a horse is elf-shot", meaning some kind of internal injury,<sup id="cite_ref-Hall_2005_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hall_2005-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was associated both with <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">neolithic</a> flint arrowheads and the temptations of the devil. Tolkien takes "elf-shot" as a hint to make his elves skilful in archery.<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_etymology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another danger was <i>wæterælfádl</i>, "<a href="/wiki/For_Water-Elf_Disease" title="For Water-Elf Disease">water-elf disease</a>", perhaps meaning <a href="/wiki/Dropsy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropsy">dropsy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_etymology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while a third condition was <i>ælfsogoða</i>, "elf-pain",<sup id="cite_ref-Hall_2005_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hall_2005-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> glossed by Shippey as "lunacy".<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_etymology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the same, an Icelandic woman could be <i>frið sem álfkona</i>, "fair as an elf-woman", while the Anglo-Saxons might call a very fair woman <i>ælfscýne</i>, "elf-beautiful".<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_etymology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some aspects can readily be reconciled, Shippey writes, since "Beauty is itself dangerous".<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_etymology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But there is more: Tolkien brought in the Old English usage of descriptions like <i>wuduælfen</i> "wood-elf, <a href="/wiki/Dryad" title="Dryad">dryad</a>", <i>wæterælfen</i> "water-elf", and <i>sǣælfen</i> "sea-elf, <a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">naiad</a>", giving his elves strong links with wild nature.<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_etymology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Clark_Hall_2002_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark_Hall_2002-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet another strand of legend holds that <a href="/wiki/Elfland" class="mw-redirect" title="Elfland">Elfland</a>, as in <i><a href="/wiki/Elveh%C3%B8j" title="Elvehøj">Elvehøj</a></i> ("Elf Hill") and other traditional stories, is dangerous to mortals because <a href="/wiki/Time_in_J._R._R._Tolkien%27s_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in J. R. R. Tolkien's fiction">time there is distorted</a>, as in Tolkien's <a href="/wiki/Lothl%C3%B3rien" title="Lothlórien">Lothlórien</a>. Shippey comments that it is a strength of Tolkien's "re-creations", his imagined worlds, that they incorporate all the available evidence to create a <a href="/wiki/Impression_of_depth_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Impression of depth in The Lord of the Rings">many-layered impression of depth</a>, making use of "both good and bad sides of popular story; the sense of inquiry, prejudice, hearsay and conflicting opinion".<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_etymology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shippey suggests that the "fusion or kindling-point" of Tolkien's thinking about elves came from the Middle English <a href="/wiki/Breton_lai" title="Breton lai">lay</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Orfeo" title="Sir Orfeo">Sir Orfeo</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_classical_world" title="Tolkien and the classical world">which transposes the classical myth</a> of <a href="/wiki/Orpheus_and_Eurydice" title="Orpheus and Eurydice">Orpheus and Eurydice</a> into a wild and wooded Elfland, and makes the quest successful. In Tolkien's translation the elves appear and disappear: "the king of Faerie with his rout / came hunting in the woods about / with blowing far and crying dim, and barking hounds that were with him; yet never a beast they took nor slew, and where they went he never knew". Shippey comments that Tolkien took many suggestions from this passage, including the horns and the hunt of the Elves in <a href="/wiki/Mirkwood" title="Mirkwood">Mirkwood</a>; the proud but honourable Elf-king; and the placing of his elves in wild nature. Tolkien might only have had broken fragments to work on, but, Shippey writes, the more one explores how Tolkien used the ancient texts, the more one sees "how easy it was for him to feel that a consistency and a sense lay beneath the chaotic ruin of the old poetry of the North".<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_etymology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tolkien's <a href="/wiki/Sundering_of_the_Elves" title="Sundering of the Elves">Sundering of the Elves</a> allowed him to explain the existence of <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>'s Light Elves, who live in <i>Alfheim</i> ("Elfhome") and correspond to his Calaquendi, and Dark Elves, who live underground in <i>Svartalfheim</i> ("Black Elfhome") and whom he "rehabilitates" as his Moriquendi, the Elves who never went to see the light of the <a href="/wiki/Two_Trees_of_Valinor" title="Two Trees of Valinor">Two Trees of Valinor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_Light_and_Dark_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_Light_and_Dark-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto;"> <caption>Tolkien's multiple medieval sources for Elves<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_etymology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Medieval source</th> <th>Term</th> <th>Idea </th></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunn" title="Jötunn">eotenas</a> ond ylfe ond <a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">orcn</a>éas</i>: "ettens, elves, and devil-corpses"</td> <td>Elves are strong and dangerous. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight" title="Sir Gawain and the Green Knight">Sir Gawain and the Green Knight</a></i></td> <td>The Green Knight is an <i>aluisch mon</i>: "elvish man, uncanny creature"</td> <td>Elves have strange powers. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Incantation" title="Incantation">Magical spell</a></td> <td><i>ofscoten</i>: "<a href="/wiki/Elfshot" title="Elfshot">elf-shot</a>"</td> <td>Elves are <a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">archers</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Icelandic and<br /><a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> usage</td> <td><i>frið sem álfkona</i>: "fair as an elf-woman"<br /><i>ælfscýne</i>: "elf-beautiful"</td> <td>Elves are beautiful. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Old English usage</td> <td><i>wuduælfen</i>, <i>wæterælfen</i>, <i>sǣælfen</i>: "<a href="/wiki/Dryad" title="Dryad">dryads</a>, water-elves, <a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">naiads</a>"</td> <td>Elves are strongly connected to nature. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Scandinavian ballad <i><a href="/wiki/Elveh%C3%B8j" title="Elvehøj">Elvehøj</a></i></td> <td>Mortal visitors to Elfland are in danger, as time seems different there.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Time_in_J._R._R._Tolkien%27s_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in J. R. R. Tolkien's fiction">Time is distorted in Elfland</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6kk%C3%A1lfar_and_Lj%C3%B3s%C3%A1lfar" title="Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar"><i>Dökkálfar</i>, <i>Ljósálfar</i></a>: "dark elves, light elves"</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sundering_of_the_Elves" title="Sundering of the Elves">The Elvish peoples are sundered</a> into multiple groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_Light_and_Dark_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_Light_and_Dark-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tolkien developed his conception of elves over the years, from his earliest writings through to <i>The Hobbit</i>, <i>The Silmarillion</i>, and <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Eden_2013_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eden_2013-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_writings">Early writings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Early writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditional <a href="/wiki/Fairy_painting" title="Fairy painting">Victorian dancing fairies and elves</a> appear in much of Tolkien's early poetry,<sup id="cite_ref-bolt1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bolt1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and have influence upon his later works,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in part due to the influence of a production of <a href="/wiki/J._M._Barrie" title="J. M. Barrie">J. M. Barrie</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pan" title="Peter Pan">Peter Pan</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> in 1910,<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenter_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenter-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his familiarity with the work of <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> mystic poet, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Thompson" title="Francis Thompson">Francis Thompson</a><sup id="cite_ref-Carpenter_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenter-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which Tolkien had acquired in 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-bolt1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bolt1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>O! I hear the tiny horns <br /> Of enchanted <a href="/wiki/Leprechaun" title="Leprechaun">leprechauns</a> <br /> And the padded feet of many <a href="/wiki/Gnome" title="Gnome">gnomes</a> a-coming! </p> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>J. R. R. Tolkien, <i><a href="/wiki/Goblin_Feet" title="Goblin Feet">Goblin Feet</a></i>, 1915</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Book_of_Lost_Tales_(c._1917–1927)"><span id="The_Book_of_Lost_Tales_.28c._1917.E2.80.931927.29"></span><i>The Book of Lost Tales</i> (c. 1917–1927)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Book of Lost Tales (c. 1917–1927)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lost_Tales" title="The Book of Lost Tales">The Book of Lost Tales</a></i>, Tolkien develops a theme that the diminutive fairy-like race of Elves had once been a great and mighty people, and that as Men took over the world, these Elves had "diminished"<sup id="cite_ref-bolt1_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bolt1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fimi_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fimi-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> themselves. This theme is shared especially by the god-like and human-sized <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6kk%C3%A1lfar_and_Lj%C3%B3s%C3%A1lfar" title="Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar">Ljósálfar</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>, and medieval works such as <i>Sir Orfeo</i>, the Welsh <i><a href="/wiki/Mabinogion" title="Mabinogion">Mabinogion</a></i>, Arthurian romances and the legends of the <i><a href="/wiki/Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Tuatha Dé Danann">Tuatha Dé Danann</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name <i>Inwe</i> or <i>Ingwë</i> (in the first draft <i><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi">Ing</a></i>), given by Tolkien to the eldest of the elves and his clan,<sup id="cite_ref-Lost_Road_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lost_Road-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is similar to the name of the god <a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Ingwi-Freyr</a> in Norse mythology, a god who is gifted the elf-world <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lfheimr" title="Álfheimr">Álfheimr</a>. Terry Gunnell finds the relationship between beautiful ships and the Elves reminiscent of the god <a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r" title="Njörðr">Njörðr</a> and the god Freyr's ship <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%AD%C3%B0bla%C3%B0nir" title="Skíðblaðnir">Skíðblaðnir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Articles_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Articles-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also retains the usage of the French derived term "fairy" for the same creatures.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The larger Elves are inspired by <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Middle-earth" title="Christianity in Middle-earth">Tolkien's personal Catholic theology</a>, representing the state of Men in <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Eden</a> who have not yet <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Man">fallen</a>, like humans but fairer and wiser, with greater spiritual powers, keener senses, and a closer empathy with nature. Tolkien wrote of them: "They are made by man in his own image and likeness; but freed from those limitations which he feels most to press upon him. They are immortal, and their will is directly effective for the achievement of imagination and desire."<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenter_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenter-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i>The Book of Lost Tales</i>, Tolkien includes both more serious "medieval" elves such as <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ABanor" title="Fëanor">Fëanor</a> and Turgon alongside frivolous, <a href="/wiki/Jacobean_era" title="Jacobean era">Jacobean</a> elves such as the <a href="/wiki/Solosimpi" class="mw-redirect" title="Solosimpi">Solosimpi</a> and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAthien" class="mw-redirect" title="Lúthien">Tinúviel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alongside the idea of the greater Elves, Tolkien toyed with the idea of children visiting Valinor, the island-homeland of the Elves in their sleep. Elves would also visit children at night and comfort them if they had been chided or were upset. This was abandoned in Tolkien's later writing.<sup id="cite_ref-BoLT_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BoLT-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Hobbit_(c._1930–1937)"><span id="The_Hobbit_.28c._1930.E2.80.931937.29"></span><i>The Hobbit</i> (c. 1930–1937)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Hobbit (c. 1930–1937)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A._Anderson" title="Douglas A. Anderson">Douglas Anderson</a> shows that in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a></i>, Tolkien again includes both the more serious 'medieval' type of elves, such as <a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Elrond</a> and the wood-elf king, <a href="/wiki/Thranduil" title="Thranduil">Thranduil</a>, and frivolous elves, such as the elvish guards at <a href="/wiki/Rivendell" title="Rivendell">Rivendell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson1_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Quenta_Silmarillion_(c._1937)"><span id="The_Quenta_Silmarillion_.28c._1937.29"></span><i>The Quenta Silmarillion</i> (c. 1937)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Quenta Silmarillion (c. 1937)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolkien and the Celtic">Tolkien and the Celtic</a></div> <p>In 1937, having had his manuscript for <i>The Silmarillion</i> rejected by a publisher who disparaged all the "eye-splitting <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a> names" that Tolkien had given his Elves, Tolkien denied the names had a Celtic origin:<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_26_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_26-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Needless to say they are not Celtic! Neither are the tales. I do know Celtic things (many in their original languages Irish and Welsh), and feel for them a certain distaste: largely for their fundamental unreason. They have bright colour, but are like a broken stained glass window reassembled without design. They are in fact "mad" as your reader says – but I don't believe I am.<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_26_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_26-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Dimitra_Fimi" title="Dimitra Fimi">Dimitra Fimi</a> proposes that these comments are a product of his Anglophilia rather than a commentary on the texts themselves or their actual influence on his writing, and cites evidence to this effect in her essay "'Mad' Elves and 'elusive beauty': some Celtic strands of Tolkien's mythology".<sup id="cite_ref-Fimi_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fimi-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fimi proposes that some of the stories Tolkien wrote as elven history are directly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a> mythology.<sup id="cite_ref-Fimi_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fimi-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, "Flight of The <a href="/wiki/Noldor" title="Noldor">Noldoli</a>" she argues, is based on the <i>Tuatha Dé Danann</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn">Lebor Gabála Érenn</a></i>, and their migratory nature comes from early Irish/Celtic history.<sup id="cite_ref-Fimi_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fimi-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Garth_(author)" title="John Garth (author)">John Garth</a> states that with the underground enslavement of the Noldoli to Melkor, Tolkien was essentially rewriting Irish myth regarding the Tuatha Dé Danann into a <a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian eschatology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(c._1937–1949)"><span id="The_Lord_of_the_Rings_.28c._1937.E2.80.931949.29"></span><i>The Lord of the Rings</i> (c. 1937–1949)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Lord of the Rings (c. 1937–1949)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Guide_to_the_Names_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings">Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings</a></div> <p>In <i>The Lord of the Rings</i> Tolkien <a href="/wiki/Pseudotranslation_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Pseudotranslation in The Lord of the Rings">pretends to be merely the translator</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bilbo_Baggins" title="Bilbo Baggins">Bilbo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frodo" class="mw-redirect" title="Frodo">Frodo</a>'s memoirs, collectively known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Book_of_Westmarch" title="Red Book of Westmarch">Red Book of Westmarch</a></i>. He says that those names and terms that appear in English are meant to be his purported translations from the <a href="/wiki/Common_Speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Speech">Common Speech</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Shippey, the theme of diminishment from semi-divine Elf to diminutive Fairy resurfaces in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> in the dialogue of Galadriel.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Yet if you succeed, then our power is diminished, and Lothlórien will fade, and the tides of Time will sweep it away. We must depart into the West, or dwindle to a rustic folk of dell and cave, slowly to forget and to be forgotten."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Writing in 1954, part way through proofreading <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>, Tolkien claimed that the <a href="/wiki/Elvish_languages_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elvish languages (Middle-earth)">Elvish language</a> <a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a> had a character very like <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">British-Welsh</a> "because it seems to fit the rather 'Celtic' type of legends and stories told of its speakers".<sup id="cite_ref-letter_144_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letter_144-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same letter, Tolkien goes on to say that the elves had very little in common with elves or fairies of Europe, and that they really represent men with greater artistic ability, beauty and a longer life span. In his writings, an Elven bloodline was the only real claim to 'nobility' that the Men of Middle-earth could have.<sup id="cite_ref-letter_144_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letter_144-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tolkien wrote that the elves are primarily to blame for many of the ills of Middle-earth in <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>, having independently created the <a href="/wiki/Three_Rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Rings">Three Rings</a> to stop their domains in mortal-lands from '<a href="/wiki/Decline_and_fall_in_Middle-earth" title="Decline and fall in Middle-earth">fading</a>' and attempting to prevent inevitable change and new growth.<sup id="cite_ref-Brin_2008_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brin_2008-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="History"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fictional_history">Fictional history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Fictional history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awakening">Awakening</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Awakening"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elvish_Migrations_and_Kindreds.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Elvish_Migrations_and_Kindreds.svg/440px-Elvish_Migrations_and_Kindreds.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Elvish_Migrations_and_Kindreds.svg/660px-Elvish_Migrations_and_Kindreds.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Elvish_Migrations_and_Kindreds.svg/880px-Elvish_Migrations_and_Kindreds.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="180" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arda_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arda (Middle-earth)">Arda</a> in the <a href="/wiki/First_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="First Age">First Age</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Sundering_of_the_Elves" title="Sundering of the Elves">sundering of the Elves</a>. The Elves awoke at Cuiviénen, on the Sea of Helcar (right) in Middle-earth, and many of them migrated westwards to <a href="/wiki/Valinor" title="Valinor">Valinor</a> in Aman, though some stopped in <a href="/wiki/Beleriand" title="Beleriand">Beleriand</a> (top), and others returned to Beleriand later.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first Elves were awakened by <a href="/wiki/Eru_Il%C3%BAvatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Eru Ilúvatar">Eru Ilúvatar</a> near the bay of Cuiviénen during the <a href="/wiki/Years_of_the_Trees" class="mw-redirect" title="Years of the Trees">Years of the Trees</a>. This event marked the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/First_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="First Age">First Age</a>. They awoke under the starlit sky, as the Sun and Moon had yet to be created. The first Elves to awaken were three pairs: Imin ("First") and his wife Iminyë, Tata ("Second") and Tatië, and Enel ("Third") and Enelyë. They walked through the forests, finding other pairs of Elves, who became their folk. They lived by the rivers, and invented poetry and music in <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a>. Journeying further, they came across tall and dark-haired elves, the fathers of most of the Noldor. They invented many new words. Continuing their journey, they found elves singing without language, the ancestors of most of the Teleri.<sup id="cite_ref-WOTJ_Quendi_and_Eldar_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WOTJ_Quendi_and_Eldar-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The elves were discovered by the <a href="/wiki/Vala_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vala (Middle-earth)">Vala</a> <a href="/wiki/Orom%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oromë">Oromë</a>, who brought the news of their awakening to Valinor.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Olwë"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sundering">Sundering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sundering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sundering_of_the_Elves" title="Sundering of the Elves">Sundering of the Elves</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Valar" title="Valar">Valar</a> decided to summon the Elves to Valinor rather than leaving them where they were first awakened, near the Cuiviénen lake in the eastern extremity of Middle-earth. They sent Oromë, who took Ingwë, <a href="/wiki/Finw%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Finwë">Finwë</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elw%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Elwë">Elwë</a> as ambassadors to Valinor. Returning to Middle-earth, Ingwë, Finwë and Elwë convinced many of the Elves to take the Great Journey (also called the Great March) to Valinor. Those who did not accept the summons became known as the Avari, <i>The Unwilling</i>. The others were called Eldar, <i>the People of the Stars</i> by Oromë, and they took Ingwë, Finwë and Elwë as their leaders, and became respectively the Vanyar, <a href="/wiki/Noldor" title="Noldor">Noldor</a> and Teleri (who spoke Vanyarin Quenya, Noldorin Quenya, and Telerin, respectively). On their journey, some of the Teleri feared the <a href="/wiki/Misty_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Misty Mountains">Misty Mountains</a> and dared not cross them. They turned back and stayed in the vales of the <a href="/wiki/Anduin" class="mw-redirect" title="Anduin">Anduin</a>, and, led by Lenwë, became the Nandor, who spoke Nandorin. Oromë led the others over the Misty Mountains and Ered Lindon into <a href="/wiki/Beleriand" title="Beleriand">Beleriand</a>. There Elwë became lost, and the Teleri stayed behind looking for him. The Vanyar and the Noldor moved onto a floating island, Tol Eressëa, that was moved by <a href="/wiki/Ulmo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulmo">Ulmo</a> to Valinor. After years, Ulmo returned to Beleriand to seek out the remaining Teleri. Without Elwë, many of the Teleri took his brother Olwë as their leader and were ferried to Valinor. Some Teleri stayed behind though, still looking for Elwë, and others stayed on the shores, being called by Ossë. They took <b>Círdan</b> as their leader and became the <a href="/wiki/Falathrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Falathrim">Falathrim</a>. The Teleri who stayed in Beleriand later became known as the Sindar.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickerson_2013_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickerson_2013-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Dickerson" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Dickerson">Matthew Dickerson</a> notes the "very complicated changes, with shifting meanings assigned to the same names" as Tolkien worked on his conception of the elves and their divisions and migrations. He states that the sundering of the elves allowed Tolkien, a professional <a href="/wiki/Philologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philologist">philologist</a>, to develop two languages, distinct but related, Quenya for the Eldar and Sindarin for the Sindar, citing Tolkien's own statement that the stories were made to create a world for the languages, not the reverse. Dickerson cites the Tolkien scholar <a href="/wiki/Tom_Shippey" title="Tom Shippey">Tom Shippey</a>'s suggestion that the "real root" of <i>The Silmarillion</i> lay in the linguistic relationship, complete with sound-changes and differences of semantics, between these two languages of the divided elves. Shippey writes, too, that the elves are separated not by colour, despite names like light and dark, but by history, including their migrations.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickerson_2013_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickerson_2013-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exile">Exile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Exile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Valinor, Fëanor, son of Finwë, and the greatest of the Elves, created the <a href="/wiki/Silmaril" class="mw-redirect" title="Silmaril">Silmarils</a> in which he stored a part of the light of the <a href="/wiki/Two_Trees" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Trees">Two Trees</a> that were lighting Valinor.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After three ages in the Halls of Mandos, Melkor was released, feigning reform. He however spread his evil and started to poison the minds of the Elves against the Valar. Eventually he killed Finwë and stole the Silmarils. Fëanor then named him <i>Morgoth</i> (Sindarin: <i>The Black Enemy</i>). Fëanor and his seven <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_F%C3%ABanor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sons of Fëanor">sons</a> then <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_F%C3%ABanor" class="mw-redirect" title="Oath of Fëanor">swore</a> to take the Silmarils back, and led a large army of the Noldor to Beleriand.<sup id="cite_ref-Flight_of_the_Noldor_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flight_of_the_Noldor-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wars_of_Beleriand">Wars of Beleriand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Wars of Beleriand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Beleriand, Elwë was eventually found, and married Melian the <a href="/wiki/Maia_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maia (Middle-earth)">Maia</a>. He became the overlord of Beleriand, naming himself <a href="/wiki/Thingol" title="Thingol">Thingol</a> (Sindarin: <i>Grey-cloak</i>). After the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Beleriand" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Beleriand">First Battle of Beleriand</a>, during the first rising of the Moon, the Noldor arrived in Beleriand.<sup id="cite_ref-Flight_of_the_Noldor_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flight_of_the_Noldor-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They laid a <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Angband" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Angband">siege</a> around Morgoth's fortress of <a href="/wiki/Angband_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Angband (Middle-earth)">Angband</a>, but were eventually defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Elves never regained the upper hand, finally losing the hidden kingdoms <a href="/wiki/Nargothrond" class="mw-redirect" title="Nargothrond">Nargothrond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doriath_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doriath (Middle-earth)">Doriath</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gondolin" title="Gondolin">Gondolin</a> near the culmination of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Elves had been forced to the furthest southern reaches of Beleriand, <a href="/wiki/E%C3%A4rendil_the_Mariner" class="mw-redirect" title="Eärendil the Mariner">Eärendil the Mariner</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Half-elven" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-elven">half-elf</a> from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Finw%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Finwë">House of Finwë</a>, sailed to Valinor to ask the Valar for help. The Valar started the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Wrath" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Wrath">War of Wrath</a>, finally defeating Morgoth.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Gil-galad"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_and_Third_Ages">Second and Third Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Second and Third Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the War of Wrath, the Valar tried to summon the Elves back to Valinor. Many complied, but some stayed. During the <a href="/wiki/Second_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Age">Second Age</a> they founded the Realms of <a href="/wiki/Lindon_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lindon (Middle-earth)">Lindon</a> (all that was left of Beleriand after the cataclysm), <a href="/wiki/Eregion" class="mw-redirect" title="Eregion">Eregion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rhovanion" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhovanion">Rhovanion</a> (Mirkwood). <a href="/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron">Sauron</a>, Morgoth's former servant, made war upon them, but with the aid of the <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3reans" class="mw-redirect" title="Númenóreans">Númenóreans</a> they defeated him, though both the king of the Noldorin Elves, Gil-galad, and Elendil, king of the Númenóreans, were killed. During the Second and <a href="/wiki/Third_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Age">Third Ages</a>, they held some protected realms with the aid of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Rings">Three Rings of Power</a>: Lothlorien, ruled by <a href="/wiki/Galadriel" title="Galadriel">Galadriel</a> and Celeborn; <a href="/wiki/Rivendell" title="Rivendell">Rivendell</a>, ruled by <a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Elrond</a> and home to the Elf-lord Glorfindel; and the Grey Havens, ruled by Círdan the shipwright. Círdan and his Elves built the ships on which Elves departed for Valinor.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_Age">Fourth Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Fourth Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Ring" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Ring">destruction of the One Ring</a>, the power of the Three Rings of the Elves ended and the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Age">Fourth Age</a>, the Age of Men, began. Most Elves left for Valinor; those that remained in Middle-earth were doomed to a slow decline until, in the words of <a href="/wiki/Galadriel" title="Galadriel">Galadriel</a>, they faded and became a "rustic folk of dell and cave". The fading played out over thousands of years, until in the modern world, occasional glimpses of rustic Elves would fuel folktales and fantasies. Elladan and Elrohir, the sons of Elrond, did not accompany their father when the White Ship bearing the <a href="/wiki/Ring-bearer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring-bearer">Ring-bearer</a> and the chief Noldorin leaders sailed from the Grey Havens to Valinor; they remained in Lindon. <a href="/wiki/Celeborn" class="mw-redirect" title="Celeborn">Celeborn</a> and other elves of the Grey Havens remained for a while before leaving for Valinor. <a href="/wiki/Legolas" title="Legolas">Legolas</a> founded an elf colony in <a href="/wiki/Ithilien" class="mw-redirect" title="Ithilien">Ithilien</a> during King <a href="/wiki/Aragorn" title="Aragorn">Elessar</a>'s reign; the elves there helped to rebuild <a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a>, living mainly in southern Ithilien, along the shores of the Anduin. After Elessar's death, Legolas built a ship and sailed to Valinor and, eventually, all the elves in Ithilien followed him.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In "<a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen" title="The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen">The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen</a>" in Appendix A, most Elves have already left, barring some in Mirkwood and a few in Lindon; the garden of Elrond in Rivendell is empty. <a href="/wiki/Arwen" title="Arwen">Arwen</a> flees to an abandoned Lothlórien, where she dies.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appearance">Appearance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tolkien describes elves as "tall, fair of skin and grey-eyed, though their locks were dark, save in the golden house of Finarfin."<sup id="cite_ref-Appendix_F_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appendix_F-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vanyar were called "The Fair" for their golden hair.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dickerson_2013_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickerson_2013-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maeglin is said to have been "tall and black-haired" and "his skin was white."<sup id="cite_ref-Of_Maeglin_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Of_Maeglin-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Túrin, a Man, was called Elf-man due to his appearance and speech, and described as "dark-haired and pale-skinned, with grey eyes."<sup id="cite_ref-Túrin_Turambar_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Túrin_Turambar-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage">Marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Elfland" class="mw-redirect" title="Elfland">Elfland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Women in The Lord of the Rings">Women in The Lord of the Rings</a></div> <p>Elves, at least the Eldar, have a pregnancy that lasts about a year. By the age of 1, Elves can speak, walk and dance. <a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">Puberty</a> and full height are attained at around their fiftieth to one hundredth year, when they stop aging physically.<sup id="cite_ref-laws_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elves marry freely, monogamously, only once, and for love early in life; <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adultery</a> is unthinkable.<sup id="cite_ref-laws_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Betrothal, with the exchange of rings, lasts at least a year, and is revocable by the return of the rings, but is rarely broken.<sup id="cite_ref-laws_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marriage is by words exchanged by the bride and groom (including the speaking of the name of Eru Ilúvatar) and consummation; it is celebrated with a feast. Wedding rings are worn on the index fingers. The bride's mother gives the groom a jewel to wear.<sup id="cite_ref-laws_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elves view the sexual act as special and intimate, for it leads to the birth of children. Elves who are married cannot be forced by other Elves to have sex; before that they will lose the will to endure and go to <a href="/wiki/Mandos" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandos">Mandos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-laws_53-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elves have few children,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there are long intervals between each child. They are soon preoccupied with other pleasures; their <a href="/wiki/Libido" title="Libido">libido</a> wanes and they focus their interests elsewhere, like the arts.<sup id="cite_ref-laws_53-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skill">Skill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Skill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Noldor" title="Noldor">Noldor</a></div> <p>Elves, particularly the Noldor, spend their time on smithwork, sculpture, music and other arts, and on preparing food. Males and females are equal, but females often specialize in the arts of healing while the males go to war. This is because they believe that taking life interferes with the ability to preserve life. However, females can defend themselves at need as well as males, and many males such as Elrond are skilled healers.<sup id="cite_ref-laws_53-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elves are skilful horse-riders, riding without saddle or bridle, though Tolkien was inconsistent on this point.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elvish_languages">Elvish languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Elvish languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Elvish_languages_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elvish languages (Middle-earth)">Elvish languages (Middle-earth)</a></div> <p>Tolkien created many <a href="/wiki/Elvish_languages_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elvish languages (Middle-earth)">languages for his Elves</a>. His interest was primarily <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philological</a>, and he said his stories grew out of his languages. Indeed, the languages were the first thing Tolkien ever created for his mythos, starting with what he originally called "Elfin" or "Qenya" [sic]. This was later spelled <a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a> (High-elven); it and Sindarin (Grey-elven) are the most complete of Tolkien's constructed languages. Elves are also credited with creating the <a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a> (by Fëanor) and <a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a> (Daeron) scripts.<sup id="cite_ref-Hostetter_2013_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hostetter_2013-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_and_immortality">Death and immortality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Death and immortality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Death_and_immortality_in_Middle-earth" title="Death and immortality in Middle-earth">Death and immortality in Middle-earth</a></div> <p>Elves are immortal, and <a href="/wiki/Time_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in The Lord of the Rings">remain unwearied with age</a>. They can recover from wounds which would be fatal to a Man, but can be killed in battle. Spirits of dead Elves go to the Halls of Mandos in Valinor. After a certain period of time and rest that serves as "cleansing", their spirits are clothed in bodies identical to their old ones.<sup id="cite_ref-converse_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-converse-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If they do not die in battle or accident,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elves eventually grow weary of Middle-earth and desire to go to Valinor;<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they often sail from the Grey Havens, where Círdan the Shipwright dwells with his folk.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, any Elves that remain in Middle-earth undergo a process of "fading", in which their immortal spirits overwhelm and "consume" their bodies. This renders their bodily forms invisible to mortal eyes, except to those to whom they wish to manifest themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-laws_53-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fates_of_Elves_and_Men.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Fates_of_Elves_and_Men.svg/660px-Fates_of_Elves_and_Men.svg.png" decoding="async" width="660" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Fates_of_Elves_and_Men.svg/990px-Fates_of_Elves_and_Men.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Fates_of_Elves_and_Men.svg/1320px-Fates_of_Elves_and_Men.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Fates of Elves and Men in <a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Tolkien's legendarium">Tolkien's legendarium</a>. Elves are immortal but can be killed in battle, in which case they go to the <a href="/wiki/Halls_of_Mandos" class="mw-redirect" title="Halls of Mandos">Halls of Mandos</a> in Aman. They may be restored by the Will of the <a href="/wiki/Valar_in_Middle-earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Valar in Middle-earth">Valar</a>, and then go to live with the Valar in Valinor, like an <a href="/wiki/Earthly_Paradise" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthly Paradise">Earthly Paradise</a>, though just being in the place does not confer immortality, as Men supposed. Men are mortal, and when they die they go beyond the circles of the world, even the Elves not knowing where that might be.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShippey2005269–272_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShippey2005269–272-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rankin-bass-hobbit-elves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/aa/Rankin-bass-hobbit-elves.jpg/170px-Rankin-bass-hobbit-elves.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/aa/Rankin-bass-hobbit-elves.jpg/255px-Rankin-bass-hobbit-elves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/aa/Rankin-bass-hobbit-elves.jpg/340px-Rankin-bass-hobbit-elves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption>Wood elves as portrayed in the 1977 Rankin-Bass version of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1977_film)" title="The Hobbit (1977 film)">The Hobbit</a></i> look nothing like those in any other adaptation.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilkeson_2018_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilkeson_2018-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>The 1977 <a href="/wiki/Rankin/Bass_Animated_Entertainment" title="Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment">Rankin-Bass</a> version of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1977_film)" title="The Hobbit (1977 film)">The Hobbit</a></i> depicts the wood-elves in what Austin Gilkeson calls a weird way, quite unlike the elves in any other adaptation, not even resembling the film's depiction of Elrond. Gilkeson describes them as "like <a href="/wiki/Troll_doll" title="Troll doll">Troll dolls</a> that have been left out in the rain too long, and a little like <a href="/wiki/Yzma" class="mw-redirect" title="Yzma">Yzma</a> from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor%27s_New_Groove" title="The Emperor's New Groove">The Emperor's New Groove</a></i>. They have gray skin, pug faces, and blond hair. It’s frankly bizarre".<sup id="cite_ref-Gilkeson_2018_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilkeson_2018-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elf_warriors.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/67/Elf_warriors.png/220px-Elf_warriors.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/67/Elf_warriors.png/330px-Elf_warriors.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/67/Elf_warriors.png 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="255" /></a><figcaption>Elf soldiers in <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i> are depicted as physically superior to Men.<sup id="cite_ref-Bogstad_Kaveny_2011_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogstad_Kaveny_2011-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)"><i>Lord of the Rings</i> film series</a> (2001–2003), Elves are shown as physically superior to Men in eyesight, balance, and aim, but their superiority in other ways is "never really made clear".<sup id="cite_ref-Bogstad_Kaveny_2011_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogstad_Kaveny_2011-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Riders_of_th_Sidhe_(big).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Riders_of_th_Sidhe_%28big%29.jpg/220px-Riders_of_th_Sidhe_%28big%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Riders_of_th_Sidhe_%28big%29.jpg/330px-Riders_of_th_Sidhe_%28big%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Riders_of_th_Sidhe_%28big%29.jpg/440px-Riders_of_th_Sidhe_%28big%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3155" data-file-height="2061" /></a><figcaption>Jackson's Elves resemble those of the 19th-20th century <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a>, as in <a href="/wiki/John_Duncan_(painter)" title="John Duncan (painter)">John Duncan</a>'s 1911 painting <i>The Riders of the Sidhe</i>, rather than Tolkien's reconstruction of <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> Elves, according to <a href="/wiki/Dimitra_Fimi" title="Dimitra Fimi">Dimitra Fimi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fimi_2011_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fimi_2011-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>Fimi compared Jackson's handling of Elves with Tolkien's. Tolkien's Elves are rooted as firmly as possible in <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a>, and Norse tradition, but influenced also by Celtic <a href="/wiki/Fairy" title="Fairy">fairies</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Tuatha Dé Danann">Tuatha Dé Danann</a></i>. Jackson's Elves are however "Celtic" in the romanticised sense of the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fimi_2011_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fimi_2011-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rosebury_2003_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosebury_2003-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She compares Jackson's representation of Gildor Inglorion's party of Elves riding through the Shire "moving slowly and gracefully towards the West, accompanied by ethereal music" with <a href="/wiki/John_Duncan_(painter)" title="John Duncan (painter)">John Duncan</a>'s 1911 painting <i>The Riders of the Sidhe</i>. She notes that Jackson's conceptual designer, the illustrator <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lee_(illustrator)" title="Alan Lee (illustrator)">Alan Lee</a>, had made use of the painting in the 1978 book <a href="/wiki/Faeries_(book)" title="Faeries (book)"><i>Faeries</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fimi_2011_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fimi_2011-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tolkien-style Elves have influenced the depiction of elves in the fantasy genre from the 1960s and afterwards. Elves speaking an elvish language similar to those in Tolkien's novels became staple non-human characters in <a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">high fantasy</a> works and in fantasy <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_game" title="Role-playing game">role-playing games</a> like <i><a href="/wiki/Elf_(Dungeons_%26_Dragons)" title="Elf (Dungeons & Dragons)">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i>. They are often portrayed as being mentally sharp and lovers of nature, art, and song, as well as wiser and more beautiful than humans. They usually fit the stereotype of being skilled archers and gifted in <a href="/wiki/Magic_in_fiction" title="Magic in fiction">magic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In its case, the other two races are the sea elves (mermen) and the Jüflings (of rocks and hills).<sup id="cite_ref-Þorgeirsson_2023_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Þorgeirsson_2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An exception was Fëanor, who had seven sons.<sup id="cite_ref-seven_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seven-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADriel" class="mw-redirect" title="Míriel">Míriel</a> however is so exhausted by the birth of her fiery and creative son Fëanor, that she wilfully gives up her spirit.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary">Primary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Primary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 28em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarpenter2023">Carpenter 2023</a>, #25, to the editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i>, printed 20 February 1938</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bolt1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bolt1_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bolt1_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bolt1_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1984">Tolkien 1984</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1984b" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1984b). <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lost_Tales" title="The Book of Lost Tales">The Book of Lost Tales</a></i>. Vol. 2. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-36614-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-36614-3"><bdi>0-395-36614-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Lost+Tales&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-395-36614-3&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anderson1_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anderson1_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anderson1_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1937">Tolkien 1937</a>, p. 120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lost_Road-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lost_Road_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1987">Tolkien 1987</a>, p. 171, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lhammas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lhammas">The Lhammas</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BoLT-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BoLT_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1984">Tolkien 1984</a>, p. 31, <i>The Cottage of Lost Play</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Letter_26-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_26_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_26_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarpenter2023">Carpenter 2023</a>, #26 to <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Unwin_(publisher)" title="Stanley Unwin (publisher)">Stanley Unwin</a>, 4 March 1938</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1955">Tolkien 1955</a>, Appendix F</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1954a">Tolkien 1954a</a> book 2, ch. 7 "The Mirror of Galadriel"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-letter_144-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-letter_144_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-letter_144_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarpenter2023">Carpenter 2023</a>, #144 to <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Mitchison" title="Naomi Mitchison">Naomi Mitchison</a>, 25 April 1954</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WOTJ_Quendi_and_Eldar-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WOTJ_Quendi_and_Eldar_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1994">Tolkien 1994</a>, "Quendi and Eldar"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, ch. 3 "Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, ch. 7, "Of the Silmarils and the Unrest of the Noldor"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flight_of_the_Noldor-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flight_of_the_Noldor_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flight_of_the_Noldor_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, ch. 9, "Of the Flight of the Noldor"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, ch. 13, "Of the Return of the Noldor"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, ch. 22, "Of the Ruin of Doriath"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, ch. 23, "Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, ch. 24, "Of the Voyage of Earendil and the War of Wrath"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1955">Tolkien 1955</a>, Appendix B: "Later Events Concerning the Members of the Fellowship of the Ring"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1955">Tolkien 1955</a>, Appendix A, 1. v. "<a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen" title="The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen">The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Appendix_F-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Appendix_F_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1955">Tolkien 1955</a>, Appendix F</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, Index, "Vanyar"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Of_Maeglin-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Of_Maeglin_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, ch. 16 "Of Maeglin"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Túrin_Turambar-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Túrin_Turambar_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, ch. 21 "Of Túrin Turambar"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-laws-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-laws_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laws_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laws_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laws_53-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laws_53-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laws_53-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laws_53-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laws_53-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1993">Tolkien 1993</a>, "Laws and Customs among the Eldar"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seven-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seven_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, ch. 5 "Of Eldamar and the Princes of the Eldalië"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-converse-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-converse_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1993">Tolkien 1993</a>, <i>The Converse of <a href="/wiki/Manw%C3%AB_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manwë (Middle-earth)">Manwë</a> and Eru</i>, pp. 361–364</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, ch. 1 "Of the Beginning of Days"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, ch. 20 "Of the Fifth Battle: Nirnaeth Arnoediad" "At the bidding of Turgon Círdan built seven swift ships, and they sailed out into the West"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age" "at the Grey Havens of Lindon there abode also a remnant of the people of Gil-galad the Elvenking. ... building and tending the elven-ships wherein those of the Firstborn who grew weary of the world set sail into the uttermost West. Círdan the Shipwright was lord of the Havens"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1993">Tolkien 1993</a>, "Myths Transformed", XI</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary">Secondary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Secondary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 28em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Þorgeirsson_2023-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Þorgeirsson_2023_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Þorgeirsson_2023_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÞorgeirsson2023" class="citation journal cs1">Þorgeirsson, Haukur (March 2023). "J. R. R. Tolkien and the Ethnography of the Elves". <i>Notes and Queries</i>. <b>70</b> (1): 6–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnotesj%2Fgjad007">10.1093/notesj/gjad007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Queries&rft.atitle=J.+R.+R.+Tolkien+and+the+Ethnography+of+the+Elves&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=6-7&rft.date=2023-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnotesj%2Fgjad007&rft.aulast=%C3%9Eorgeirsson&rft.aufirst=Haukur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shippey_2005_etymology-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_etymology_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShippey2005">Shippey 2005</a>, pp. 66–74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simek_1972-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Simek_1972_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimekHall2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Simek" title="Rudolf Simek">Simek, Rudolf</a>; Hall, Angela (trans.) (2007). <i>Dictionary of Northern Mythology</i>. <a href="/wiki/Boydell_%26_Brewer" title="Boydell & Brewer">D.S. Brewer</a>. pp. 7–8, 73–74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85991-513-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85991-513-7"><bdi>978-0-85991-513-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Northern+Mythology&rft.pages=7-8%2C+73-74&rft.pub=D.S.+Brewer&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-85991-513-7&rft.aulast=Simek&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rft.au=Hall%2C+Angela+%28trans.%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolopova2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Solopova" title="Elizabeth Solopova">Solopova, Elizabeth</a> (2009). <i>Languages, Myths and History: An Introduction to the Linguistic and Literary Background of J. R. R. Tolkien's Fiction</i>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/North_Landing_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="North Landing Books">North Landing Books</a>. p. 26. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9816607-1-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9816607-1-4">978-0-9816607-1-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Languages%2C+Myths+and+History%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Linguistic+and+Literary+Background+of+J.+R.+R.+Tolkien%27s+Fiction&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=p.+26&rft.pub=North+Landing+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Solopova&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shippey_2005_Legendary-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_Legendary_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_Legendary_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_Legendary_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShippey2005">Shippey 2005</a>, pp. 270–273</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horstmann_1887-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Horstmann_1887_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorstmann1887" class="citation book cs1">Horstmann, C., ed. (1887). "St Michael". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlysouthengli00librgoog/page/n360/mode/2up"><i>The Early South English Legendary</i></a>. lines 253-258: Trubner/Early English Text Society. p. 307. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780527000844" title="Special:BookSources/9780527000844"><bdi>9780527000844</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St+Michael&rft.btitle=The+Early+South+English+Legendary&rft.place=lines+253-258&rft.pages=307&rft.pub=Trubner%2FEarly+English+Text+Society&rft.date=1887&rft.isbn=9780527000844&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlysouthengli00librgoog%2Fpage%2Fn360%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZipes1989" class="citation book cs1">Zipes, Jack (1989). <i>Victorian fairy tales : the revolt of the fairies and elves</i> (Paperback ed.). Routledge. p. xxiv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-90140-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-90140-6"><bdi>978-0-415-90140-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victorian+fairy+tales+%3A+the+revolt+of+the+fairies+and+elves&rft.pages=xxiv&rft.edition=Paperback&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-415-90140-6&rft.aulast=Zipes&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarth2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Garth_(author)" title="John Garth (author)">Garth, John</a> (2003). <i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Great_War" title="Tolkien and the Great War">Tolkien and the Great War</a></i>. London: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a> (published 2004). p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-711953-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-711953-0"><bdi>978-0-00-711953-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tolkien+and+the+Great+War&rft.place=London&rft.pages=p.+78&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-00-711953-0&rft.aulast=Garth&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarth2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Garth_(author)" title="John Garth (author)">Garth, John</a> (2003). <i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Great_War" title="Tolkien and the Great War">Tolkien and the Great War</a></i>. London: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a> (published 2004). p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-711953-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-711953-0"><bdi>978-0-00-711953-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tolkien+and+the+Great+War&rft.place=London&rft.pages=p.+76&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-00-711953-0&rft.aulast=Garth&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Burns" title="Marjorie Burns">Burns, Marjorie</a> (2005). <a href="/wiki/Perilous_Realms" title="Perilous Realms"><i>Perilous realms: Celtic and Norse in Tolkien's Middle-earth</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. pp. 22–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-3806-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-3806-9"><bdi>0-8020-3806-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perilous+realms%3A+Celtic+and+Norse+in+Tolkien%27s+Middle-earth&rft.pages=22-23&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8020-3806-9&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Marjorie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Electric Scotland. "Scottish Charms and Amulets" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electricscotland.com/history/articles/charms6.htm">Elf-Arrows</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hall_2005-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hall_2005_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hall_2005_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alaric_Hall" title="Alaric Hall">Hall, Alaric</a> (2005). "Calling the shots: the Old English remedy <i>gif hors ofscoten sie</i> and Anglo-Saxon 'elf-shot'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Neuphilologische Mitteilungen: Bulletin of the Modern Language Society</i>. <b>106</b> (2): 195–209. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43344130">43344130</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuphilologische+Mitteilungen%3A+Bulletin+of+the+Modern+Language+Society&rft.atitle=Calling+the+shots%3A+the+Old+English+remedy+gif+hors+ofscoten+sie+and+Anglo-Saxon+%27elf-shot%27&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=195-209&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43344130%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Alaric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clark_Hall_2002-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clark_Hall_2002_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark_Hall2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Richard_Clark_Hall" title="John Richard Clark Hall">Clark Hall, J. 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University of Toronto Press. pp. 286, 395, 423.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+Anglo-Saxon+Dictionary&rft.pages=286%2C+395%2C+423&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Clark+Hall&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DufdQAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shippey_2005_Light_and_Dark-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_Light_and_Dark_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_Light_and_Dark_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShippey2005">Shippey 2005</a>, pp. 282–284</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eden_2013-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eden_2013_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEden2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bradford_Lee_Eden" title="Bradford Lee Eden">Eden, Bradford Lee</a> (2013) [2007]. "Elves". In <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._C._Drout" title="Michael D. C. Drout">Drout, Michael D. C.</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_J._R._R._Tolkien_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia">The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 150–152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-86511-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-86511-1"><bdi>978-0-415-86511-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Elves&rft.btitle=The+J.+R.+R.+Tolkien+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=150-152&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-415-86511-1&rft.aulast=Eden&rft.aufirst=Bradford+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dimitra_Fimi" title="Dimitra Fimi">Fimi, Dimitra</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/english/working_with_english/Fimi_31_05_06.pdf">"Come sing ye light fairy things tripping so gay: Victorian Fairies and the Early Work of J. R. R. Tolkien"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090731102254/http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/english/working_with_english/Fimi_31_05_06.pdf">Archived</a> 31 July 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Working With English: Medieval and Modern Language, Literature and Drama</i>. Retrieved 11/01/08</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carpenter-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenter_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenter_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenter_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Carpenter" title="Humphrey Carpenter">Carpenter, Humphrey</a> (1977). <i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien:_A_Biography" title="J. 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University of Iceland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tivar+in+a+Timeless+Land%3A+Tolkien%27s+Elves&rft.pub=University+of+Iceland&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Gunnell&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fde-vagaesemhybrazil.blogspot.com%2F2011%2F02%2Ftivar-in-timeless-land-tolkiens-elves.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Burns" title="Marjorie Burns">Burns, Marjorie</a> (2005). <i>Perilous Realms: Celtic and Norse in Tolkien's Middle-earth</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-3806-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-3806-7"><bdi>978-0-8020-3806-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perilous+Realms%3A+Celtic+and+Norse+in+Tolkien%27s+Middle-earth&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-3806-7&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Marjorie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarth2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Garth_(author)" title="John Garth (author)">Garth, John</a> (2003). <i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Great_War" title="Tolkien and the Great War">Tolkien and the Great War</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tor.com&rft.atitle=Rankin%2FBass%27s+The+Hobbit+Showed+Us+the+Future+of+Pop+Culture&rft.date=2018-12-21&rft.aulast=Gilkeson&rft.aufirst=Austin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tor.com%2F2018%2F12%2F21%2Frankin-basss-the-hobbit-showed-us-the-future-of-pop-culture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bogstad_Kaveny_2011-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bogstad_Kaveny_2011_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bogstad_Kaveny_2011_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFordReid2011" class="citation book cs1">Ford, Judy Ann; <a href="/wiki/Robin_Anne_Reid" title="Robin Anne Reid">Reid, Robin Anne</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jNjKrXRP0G8C&pg=PA172">"Into the West: Far Green Country or Shadow on the Waters?"</a>. In Bogstad, Janice M.; Kaveny, Philip E. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Picturing_Tolkien" title="Picturing Tolkien">Picturing Tolkien</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland</a>. p. 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8473-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8473-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-8473-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Into+the+West%3A+Far+Green+Country+or+Shadow+on+the+Waters%3F&rft.btitle=Picturing+Tolkien&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-8473-7&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Judy+Ann&rft.au=Reid%2C+Robin+Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjNjKrXRP0G8C%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fimi_2011-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fimi_2011_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fimi_2011_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fimi_2011_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFimi2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dimitra_Fimi" title="Dimitra Fimi">Fimi, Dimitra</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jNjKrXRP0G8C&pg=PA84">"Filming Folklore: Adapting Fantasy for the Big Screen through Peter Jackson's <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>"</a>. In Bogstad, Janice M.; Kaveny, Philip E. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Picturing_Tolkien" title="Picturing Tolkien">Picturing Tolkien</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland</a>. pp. 84–101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8473-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8473-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-8473-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Filming+Folklore%3A+Adapting+Fantasy+for+the+Big+Screen+through+Peter+Jackson%27s+The+Lord+of+the+Rings&rft.btitle=Picturing+Tolkien&rft.pages=84-101&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-8473-7&rft.aulast=Fimi&rft.aufirst=Dimitra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjNjKrXRP0G8C%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosebury_2003-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rosebury_2003_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosebury2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Rosebury" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Rosebury">Rosebury, Brian</a> (2003) [1992]. <a href="/wiki/Tolkien:_A_Cultural_Phenomenon" title="Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon"><i>Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave</a>. pp. 204–220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1403-91263-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1403-91263-3"><bdi>978-1403-91263-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tolkien%3A+A+Cultural+Phenomenon&rft.pages=204-220&rft.pub=Palgrave&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1403-91263-3&rft.aulast=Rosebury&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergman2011" class="citation thesis cs1">Bergman, Jenni (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55478/"><i>The Significant Other: A Literary History of Elves</i></a> (PhD). <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Significant+Other%3A+A+Literary+History+of+Elves&rft.inst=Cardiff+University&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Bergman&rft.aufirst=Jenni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forca.cf.ac.uk%2F55478%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Carpenter" title="Humphrey Carpenter">Carpenter, Humphrey</a>, ed. (2023) [1981]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Letters_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien</a>: Revised and Expanded Edition</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Harper_Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper Collins">Harper Collins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-35-865298-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-35-865298-4"><bdi>978-0-35-865298-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+J.+R.+R.+Tolkien%3A+Revised+and+Expanded+Edition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-35-865298-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShippey2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Shippey" title="Tom Shippey">Shippey, Tom</a> (2005) [1982]. <a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Middle-Earth" title="The Road to Middle-Earth"><i>The Road to Middle-Earth: How J. R. R. Tolkien Created a New Mythology</i></a> (Third ed.). <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-261-10275-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-261-10275-0"><bdi>978-0-261-10275-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Middle-Earth%3A+How+J.+R.+R.+Tolkien+Created+a+New+Mythology&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-261-10275-0&rft.aulast=Shippey&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1937" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1937). <a href="/wiki/Douglas_A._Anderson" title="Douglas A. Anderson">Douglas A. Anderson</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Annotated_Hobbit" title="The Annotated Hobbit">The Annotated Hobbit</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a> (published 2002). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-13470-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-13470-0"><bdi>978-0-618-13470-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annotated+Hobbit&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1937&rft.isbn=978-0-618-13470-0&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1954a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1954a). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9552942">9552942</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fellowship+of+the+Ring&rft.place=Boston&rft.series=%27%27The+Lord+of+the+Rings%27%27&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9552942&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1955" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1955). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/519647821">519647821</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Return+of+the+King&rft.place=Boston&rft.series=%27%27The+Lord+of+the+Rings%27%27&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F519647821&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1977). <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-25730-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-25730-2"><bdi>978-0-395-25730-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Silmarillion&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-395-25730-2&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1984). <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lost_Tales" title="The Book of Lost Tales">The Book of Lost Tales</a></i>. Vol. 1. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-35439-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-35439-0"><bdi>0-395-35439-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Lost+Tales&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-395-35439-0&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1987). <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Road_and_Other_Writings" title="The Lost Road and Other Writings">The Lost Road and Other Writings</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-45519-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-45519-7"><bdi>0-395-45519-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lost+Road+and+Other+Writings&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-395-45519-7&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1993). <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Morgoth%27s_Ring" title="Morgoth's Ring">Morgoth's Ring</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-68092-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-68092-1"><bdi>0-395-68092-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morgoth%27s+Ring&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-395-68092-1&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1994). <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jewels" title="The War of the Jewels">The War of the Jewels</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-71041-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-71041-3"><bdi>0-395-71041-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+of+the+Jewels&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-395-71041-3&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElves+in+Middle-earth" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Middle-earth" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Middle-earth" title="Template:Middle-earth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle-earth" title="Template talk:Middle-earth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middle-earth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Middle-earth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Middle-earth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien_bibliography" title="J. R. R. Tolkien bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_canon" title="Middle-earth canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Tolkien's legendarium">Legendarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Middle-earth" title="Outline of Middle-earth">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In Tolkien's<br />lifetime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (1954-55) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_of_the_Past" title="The Shadow of the Past">The Shadow of the Past</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Council_of_Elrond" title="The Council of Elrond">The Council of Elrond</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Towers" title="The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Scouring_of_the_Shire" title="The Scouring of the Shire">The Scouring of the Shire</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen" title="The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen">The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen</a>"</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tom_Bombadil" title="The Adventures of Tom Bombadil">The Adventures of Tom Bombadil</a></i> (1962)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Posthumous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a></i> (1977) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Ainulindal%C3%AB" title="Ainulindalë">Ainulindalë</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_Tales" title="Unfinished Tales">Unfinished Tales</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Letters_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bilbo%27s_Last_Song" title="Bilbo's Last Song">Bilbo's Last Song</a></i> (1990)</li> <li>The three "Great Tales" <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Children_of_H%C3%BArin" title="The Children of Húrin">The Children of Húrin</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beren_and_L%C3%BAthien" title="Beren and Lúthien">Beren and Lúthien</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Gondolin" title="The Fall of Gondolin">The Fall of Gondolin</a></i> (2018)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_N%C3%BAmenor" title="The Fall of Númenor">The Fall of Númenor</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of<br />composition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Middle-earth" title="The History of Middle-earth">History of<br />Middle-earth</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[1–2] <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lost_Tales" title="The Book of Lost Tales">The Book of Lost Tales</a></i> (1983–84) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfwine_(Tolkien)" title="Ælfwine (Tolkien)">Ælfwine</a></li></ul></li> <li>[3] <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lays_of_Beleriand" title="The Lays of Beleriand">The Lays of Beleriand</a></i> (1985)</li> <li>[4] <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shaping_of_Middle-earth" title="The Shaping of Middle-earth">The Shaping of Middle-earth</a></i> (1986)</li> <li>[5] <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Road_and_Other_Writings" title="The Lost Road and Other Writings">The Lost Road and Other Writings</a></i> (1987) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Etymologies_(Tolkien)" title="The Etymologies (Tolkien)">The Etymologies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lhammas" title="Lhammas">Lhammas</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>[6–9] <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The History of The Lord of the Rings">The History of The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (1988–92) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Notion_Club_Papers" title="The Notion Club Papers">The Notion Club Papers</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>[10] <i><a href="/wiki/Morgoth%27s_Ring" title="Morgoth's Ring">Morgoth's Ring</a></i> (1993)</li> <li>[11] <i><a href="/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jewels" title="The War of the Jewels">The War of the Jewels</a></i> (1994)</li> <li>[12] <i><a href="/wiki/The_Peoples_of_Middle-earth" title="The Peoples of Middle-earth">The Peoples of Middle-earth</a></i> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rateliff" title="John D. Rateliff">John D. Rateliff</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_The_Hobbit" title="The History of The Hobbit">The History of The Hobbit</a></i> (2007)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_F._Hostetter" title="Carl F. Hostetter">Carl F. Hostetter</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nature_of_Middle-earth" title="The Nature of Middle-earth">The Nature of Middle-earth</a></i> (2021)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Arda" title="History of Arda">Fictional<br />universe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_peoples" title="Middle-earth peoples">Peoples</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_monsters" title="Tolkien's monsters">monsters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainur_in_Middle-earth" title="Ainur in Middle-earth">Ainur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maiar" title="Maiar">Maiar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balrog" title="Balrog">Balrogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizards_in_Middle-earth" title="Wizards in Middle-earth">Wizards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valar" title="Valar">Valar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragons_in_Middle-earth" title="Dragons in Middle-earth">Dragons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancalagon_the_Black" title="Ancalagon the Black">Ancalagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smaug" title="Smaug">Smaug</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarves_in_Middle-earth" title="Dwarves in Middle-earth">Dwarves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagles_in_Middle-earth" title="Eagles in Middle-earth">Eagles</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half-elf" title="Half-elf">Half-elven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noldor" title="Noldor">Noldor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundering_of_the_Elves" title="Sundering of the Elves">Sundering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ent" title="Ent">Ents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbit" title="Hobbit">Hobbits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_Middle-earth" title="Men in Middle-earth">Men</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beorn" title="Beorn">Beornings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%BAedain" title="Drúedain">Drúedain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAnedain" title="Dúnedain">Dúnedain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">Orcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolls_in_Middle-earth" title="Trolls in Middle-earth">Trolls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Middle-earth_characters" title="List of Middle-earth characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>First and Second Ages <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebrimbor" title="Celebrimbor">Celebrimbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%A4rendil_and_Elwing" title="Eärendil and Elwing">Eärendil and Elwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elendil" title="Elendil">Elendil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ABanor" title="Fëanor">Fëanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingolfin" title="Fingolfin">Fingolfin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finw%C3%AB_and_M%C3%ADriel" title="Finwë and Míriel">Finwë and Míriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil-galad" title="Gil-galad">Gil-galad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BArin" title="Húrin">Húrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isildur" title="Isildur">Isildur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAthien_and_Beren" title="Lúthien and Beren">Lúthien and Beren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melian_(Middle-earth)" title="Melian (Middle-earth)">Melian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgoth" title="Morgoth">Morgoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thingol" title="Thingol">Thingol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuor_and_Idril" title="Tuor and Idril">Tuor and Idril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BArin_Turambar" title="Túrin Turambar">Túrin Turambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungoliant" title="Ungoliant">Ungoliant</a></li></ul></li> <li>Third Age <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Elrond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galadriel" title="Galadriel">Galadriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorfindel" title="Glorfindel">Glorfindel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldberry" title="Goldberry">Goldberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Gollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron">Sauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Bombadil" title="Tom Bombadil">Tom Bombadil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Middle-earth" title="Geography of Middle-earth">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>First and Second Ages <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beleriand" title="Beleriand">Beleriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmenor" title="Númenor">Númenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valinor" title="Valinor">Valinor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Third Age <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bree_(Middle-earth)" title="Bree (Middle-earth)">Bree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esgaroth" title="Esgaroth">Esgaroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harad" title="Harad">Harad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isengard" title="Isengard">Isengard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonely_Mountain" title="Lonely Mountain">Lonely Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothl%C3%B3rien" title="Lothlórien">Lothlórien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirkwood" title="Mirkwood">Mirkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordor" title="Mordor">Mordor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria,_Middle-earth" title="Moria, Middle-earth">Moria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivendell" title="Rivendell">Rivendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohan,_Middle-earth" title="Rohan, Middle-earth">Rohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shire" title="The Shire">The Shire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bag_End" title="Bag End">Bag End</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mithril" title="Mithril">Mithril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palant%C3%ADr" title="Palantír">Palantír</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Book_of_Westmarch" title="Red Book of Westmarch">Red Book of Westmarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Power" title="Rings of Power">Rings of Power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">One Ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silmarils" title="Silmarils">Silmarils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Trees_of_Valinor" title="Two Trees of Valinor">Two Trees of Valinor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_and_armour_in_Middle-earth" title="List of weapons and armour in Middle-earth">List of weapons and armour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_antiquarianism" title="Tolkien and antiquarianism">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_artwork" title="Tolkien's artwork">Artwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_Middle-earth_family_trees" title="Tolkien's Middle-earth family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry_of_Middle-earth" title="Heraldry of Middle-earth">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_constructed_by_Tolkien" title="Languages constructed by Tolkien">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%BBnaic" title="Adûnaic">Adûnaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Speech" title="Black Speech">Black Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvish_languages_of_Middle-earth" title="Elvish languages of Middle-earth">Elvish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzdul" title="Khuzdul">Khuzdul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valarin" title="Valarin">Valarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westron" title="Westron">Westron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_maps" title="Tolkien's maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_poetry" title="Tolkien's poetry">Tolkien's poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_scripts" title="Tolkien's scripts">Scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Themes_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Themes of The Lord of the Rings">Themes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anachronism_in_Middle-earth" title="Anachronism in Middle-earth">Anachronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestry_as_guide_to_character_in_Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Ancestry as guide to character in Tolkien's legendarium">Ancestry as guide to character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_Middle-earth" title="Architecture in Middle-earth">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Middle-earth" title="Christianity in Middle-earth">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmology_of_Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Cosmology of Tolkien's legendarium">Cosmology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_round_world_dilemma" title="Tolkien's round world dilemma">Round World dilemma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_immortality_in_Middle-earth" title="Death and immortality in Middle-earth">Death and immortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_fall_in_Middle-earth" title="Decline and fall in Middle-earth">Decline and fall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_and_visions_in_Middle-earth" title="Dreams and visions in Middle-earth">Dreams and visions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Middle-earth" title="Economy of Middle-earth">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_in_Middle-earth" title="England in Middle-earth">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Environmentalism in The Lord of the Rings">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_in_Middle-earth" title="Evil in Middle-earth">Evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_War_and_Middle-earth" title="The Great War and Middle-earth">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_in_Middle-earth" title="Forests in Middle-earth">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_frame_stories" title="Tolkien's frame stories">Frame stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_and_Middle-earth" title="Hell and Middle-earth">Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroism_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Heroism in The Lord of the Rings">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_light_in_Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Christian light in Tolkien's legendarium">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luck_and_fate_in_Middle-earth" title="Luck and fate in Middle-earth">Luck and fate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_Middle-earth" title="Magic in Middle-earth">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_illness_in_Middle-earth" title="Mental illness in Middle-earth">Mental illness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_modernists" title="Tolkien and the modernists">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_moral_dilemma" title="Tolkien's moral dilemma">Moral dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Middle-earth" title="Music of Middle-earth">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_weapons_in_Middle-earth" title="Naming of weapons in Middle-earth">Naming of weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_courage_in_Middle-earth" title="Northern courage in Middle-earth">Northern courage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Straight_Road" title="Old Straight Road">Old Straight Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism_in_Middle-earth" title="Paganism in Middle-earth">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plants_in_Middle-earth" title="Plants in Middle-earth">Plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_journeys_of_Middle-earth" title="Psychological journeys of Middle-earth">Psychological journeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quests_in_Middle-earth" title="Quests in Middle-earth">Quests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_and_language_in_Middle-earth" title="Sound and language in Middle-earth">Sound and language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Tolkien%27s_fiction" title="Time in Tolkien's fiction">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trees_in_Middle-earth" title="Trees in Middle-earth">Trees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_impact_on_fantasy" title="Tolkien's impact on fantasy">Tolkien's impact on fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influences_on_Tolkien" title="Influences on Tolkien">Influences</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_and_Middle-earth" title="Beowulf and Middle-earth"><i>Beowulf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_influences_on_Tolkien" title="Celtic influences on Tolkien">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_classical_world" title="Tolkien and the classical world">Classical world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_influences_on_Tolkien" title="Finnish influences on Tolkien">Finnish language and literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_medieval" title="Tolkien and the medieval">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_modern_sources" title="Tolkien's modern sources">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Norse" title="Tolkien and the Norse">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philology_and_Middle-earth" title="Philology and Middle-earth">Philology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_influence_on_Tolkien" title="Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien">Shakespeare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_prose_style" title="Tolkien's prose style">Prose style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_ambiguity" title="Tolkien's ambiguity">Ambiguity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_mythology_for_England" title="A mythology for England">A mythology for England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlas_of_Middle-earth" title="The Atlas of Middle-earth">The Atlas of Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journeys_of_Frodo" title="Journeys of Frodo">Journeys of Frodo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Map_of_Middle-earth" title="A Map of Middle-earth">A Map of Middle-earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations,<br />legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Illustrating_Middle-earth" title="Illustrating Middle-earth">Artists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Baynes" title="Pauline Baynes">Pauline Baynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cor_Blok" title="Cor Blok">Cor Blok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anke_Ei%C3%9Fmann" title="Anke Eißmann">Anke Eißmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_Hildebrandt" title="Brothers Hildebrandt">Brothers Hildebrandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Dolfen" title="Jenny Dolfen">Jenny Dolfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Fairburn" title="Mary Fairburn">Mary Fairburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donato_Giancola" title="Donato Giancola">Donato Giancola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howe_(illustrator)" title="John Howe (illustrator)">John Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tove_Jansson" title="Tove Jansson">Tove Jansson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Korotich" title="Alexander Korotich">Alexander Korotich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lee_(illustrator)" title="Alan Lee (illustrator)">Alan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Loback" title="Tom Loback">Tom Loback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II" title="Margrethe II">Margrethe II of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Nasmith" title="Ted Nasmith">Ted Nasmith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Composers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Hansson" title="Bo Hansson">Bo Hansson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_de_Meij" title="Johan de Meij">Johan de Meij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Symphony No. 1 The Lord of the Rings">Symphony No. 1 <i>The Lord of the Rings</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings film series">Music of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i> film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Hobbit_film_series" title="Music of The Hobbit film series">Music of <i>The Hobbit</i> film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Rings_of_Power" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power">Music of <i>The Rings of Power</i> TV series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_Guardian" title="Blind Guardian">Blind Guardian</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nightfall_in_Middle-Earth" title="Nightfall in Middle-Earth">Nightfall in Middle-Earth</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Swann" title="Donald Swann">Donald Swann</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Goes_Ever_On" title="The Road Goes Ever On">The Road Goes Ever On</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poems_and_Songs_of_Middle_Earth" title="Poems and Songs of Middle Earth">Poems and Songs of Middle Earth</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tolkien_Ensemble" title="The Tolkien Ensemble">The Tolkien Ensemble</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Evening_in_Rivendell" title="An Evening in Rivendell">An Evening in Rivendell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Night_in_Rivendell" title="A Night in Rivendell">A Night in Rivendell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/At_Dawn_in_Rivendell" title="At Dawn in Rivendell">At Dawn in Rivendell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leaving_Rivendell" title="Leaving Rivendell">Leaving Rivendell</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_Tolkien%27s_Middle-earth_writings" title="Impact of Tolkien's Middle-earth writings">Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Enterprises" title="Middle-earth Enterprises">Middle-earth Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_Tolkien" title="Works inspired by Tolkien">Works inspired by Tolkien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fan_fiction" title="Tolkien fan fiction">Fan fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_motion_pictures" title="Middle-earth in motion pictures">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_Calendars" title="Tolkien Calendars">Calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_video_games" title="Middle-earth in video games">Video games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_J._R._R._Tolkien_and_his_works" title="List of things named after J. R. R. Tolkien and his works">Things named after Tolkien and his works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_reception_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Literary reception of The Lord of the Rings">Literary<br />criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Guide_to_Middle-earth" title="The Complete Guide to Middle-earth">The Complete Guide to Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Companion_to_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien">A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interrupted_Music" title="Interrupted Music">Interrupted Music</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Middle-Earth" title="Master of Middle-Earth">Master of Middle-Earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Picturing_Tolkien" title="Picturing Tolkien">Picturing Tolkien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Question_of_Time_(book)" title="A Question of Time (book)">A Question of Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien:_Author_of_the_Century" title="J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century">J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_J._R._R._Tolkien_Companion_and_Guide" title="The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide">The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien_Encyclopedia" title="J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia">J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_A_Reader%27s_Companion" title="The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion">The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perilous_Realms" title="Perilous Realms">Perilous Realms</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Middle-Earth" title="The Road to Middle-Earth">The Road to Middle-Earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Splintered_Light" title="Splintered Light">Splintered Light</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Invention_of_Myth" title="Tolkien and the Invention of Myth">Tolkien and the Invention of Myth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_Art:_%27A_Mythology_for_England%27" title="Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England'">Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England'</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien:_A_Look_Behind_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings">Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Tolkien_Compass" title="A Tolkien Compass">A Tolkien Compass</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien:_Maker_of_Middle-earth" title="Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth">Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien,_Race_and_Cultural_History" title="Tolkien, Race and Cultural History">Tolkien, Race and Cultural History</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_Legendarium:_Essays_on_The_History_of_Middle-earth" title="Tolkien's Legendarium: Essays on The History of Middle-earth">Tolkien's Legendarium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Great_War" title="Tolkien and the Great War">Tolkien and the Great War</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Worlds_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ring_of_Words:_Tolkien_and_the_Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary">The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Lord_of_the_Rings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Template:The Lord of the Rings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Template talk:The Lord of the Rings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Lord of the Rings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Lord_of_the_Rings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructing_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Constructing The Lord of the Rings">Constructing <i>The Lord of the Rings</i></a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">About</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Volumes <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Towers" title="The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Stories <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_of_the_Past" title="The Shadow of the Past">The Shadow of the Past</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Council_of_Elrond" title="The Council of Elrond">The Council of Elrond</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Scouring_of_the_Shire" title="The Scouring of the Shire">The Scouring of the Shire</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen" title="The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen">The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translating_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Translating The Lord of the Rings">Translating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_translations_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="List of translations of The Lord of the Rings">List of translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_into_Swedish" title="Translation of The Lord of the Rings into Swedish">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li>Reception <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_Tolkien%27s_Middle-earth_writings" title="Impact of Tolkien's Middle-earth writings">Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_reception_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Literary reception of The Lord of the Rings">Literary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fandom" title="Tolkien fandom">Fandom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fan_fiction" title="Tolkien fan fiction">Fan fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxonmoot" title="Oxonmoot">Oxonmoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkienmoot" title="Tolkienmoot">Tolkienmoot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_Tolkien" title="Works inspired by Tolkien">Works inspired</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_impact_on_fantasy" title="Tolkien's impact on fantasy">Tolkien's impact on fantasy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:One_Ring_Blender_Render.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/One_Ring_Blender_Render.png/60px-One_Ring_Blender_Render.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/One_Ring_Blender_Render.png/90px-One_Ring_Blender_Render.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/One_Ring_Blender_Render.png/120px-One_Ring_Blender_Render.png 2x" data-file-width="1945" data-file-height="1824" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_research" title="Tolkien research">Analysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_antiquarianism" title="Tolkien and antiquarianism">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_artwork" title="Tolkien's artwork">Artwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_the_Ring" title="Company of the Ring">Company of the Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_Middle-earth_family_trees" title="Tolkien's Middle-earth family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry_of_Middle-earth" title="Heraldry of Middle-earth">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_constructed_by_Tolkien" title="Languages constructed by Tolkien">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Speech" title="Black Speech">Black Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvish_languages_of_Middle-earth" title="Elvish languages of Middle-earth">Elvish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzdul" title="Khuzdul">Khuzdul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_maps" title="Tolkien's maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Poetry in The Lord of the Rings">Poetry</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Elbereth_Gilthoniel" title="A Elbereth Gilthoniel">A Elbereth Gilthoniel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nam%C3%A1ri%C3%AB" title="Namárië">Namárië</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_E%C3%A4rendil" title="Song of Eärendil">Song of Eärendil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_in_the_Moon_Stayed_Up_Too_Late" title="The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late">The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Goes_Ever_On_(song)" title="The Road Goes Ever On (song)">The Road Goes Ever On</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Walking_Song" title="A Walking Song">A Walking Song</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proverbs_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Proverbs in The Lord of the Rings">Proverbs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Themes_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Themes of The Lord of the Rings">Themes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_to_power_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Addiction to power in The Lord of the Rings">Addiction to power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestry_as_guide_to_character_in_Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Ancestry as guide to character in Tolkien's legendarium">Ancestry as guide to character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_Middle-earth" title="Architecture in Middle-earth">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Middle-earth" title="Christianity in Middle-earth">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_immortality_in_Middle-earth" title="Death and immortality in Middle-earth">Death and immortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_fall_in_Middle-earth" title="Decline and fall in Middle-earth">Decline and fall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_and_visions_in_Middle-earth" title="Dreams and visions in Middle-earth">Dreams and visions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Middle-earth" title="Economy of Middle-earth">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_in_Middle-earth" title="England in Middle-earth">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Environmentalism in The Lord of the Rings">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_in_Middle-earth" title="Evil in Middle-earth">Evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_in_Middle-earth" title="Forests in Middle-earth">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_and_Middle-earth" title="Hell and Middle-earth">Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroism_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Heroism in The Lord of the Rings">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luck_and_fate_in_Middle-earth" title="Luck and fate in Middle-earth">Luck and fate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_Middle-earth" title="Magic in Middle-earth">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_illness_in_Middle-earth" title="Mental illness in Middle-earth">Mental illness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_moral_dilemma" title="Tolkien's moral dilemma">Moral dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Middle-earth" title="Music of Middle-earth">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_weapons_in_Middle-earth" title="Naming of weapons in Middle-earth">Naming of weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_courage_in_Middle-earth" title="Northern courage in Middle-earth">Northern courage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism_in_Middle-earth" title="Paganism in Middle-earth">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plants_in_Middle-earth" title="Plants in Middle-earth">Plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_journeys_of_Middle-earth" title="Psychological journeys of Middle-earth">Psychological journeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quests_in_Middle-earth" title="Quests in Middle-earth">Quests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_race" title="Tolkien and race">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Sexuality in The Lord of the Rings">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_and_language_in_Middle-earth" title="Sound and language in Middle-earth">Sound and language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Tolkien%27s_fiction" title="Time in Tolkien's fiction">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trees_in_Middle-earth" title="Trees in Middle-earth">Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Women in The Lord of the Rings">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Influences_on_Tolkien" title="Influences on Tolkien">Influences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_antiquarianism" title="Tolkien and antiquarianism">Antiquarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_and_Middle-earth" title="Beowulf and Middle-earth"><i>Beowulf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_influences_on_Tolkien" title="Celtic influences on Tolkien">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_classical_world" title="Tolkien and the classical world">Classical world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_War_and_Middle-earth" title="The Great War and Middle-earth">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Norse" title="Tolkien and the Norse">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_medieval" title="Tolkien and the medieval">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_modern_sources" title="Tolkien's modern sources">Modern sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_modernists" title="Tolkien and the modernists">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_mythology_for_England" title="A mythology for England">A mythology for England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philology_and_Middle-earth" title="Philology and Middle-earth">Philology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_influence_on_Tolkien" title="Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien">Shakespeare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_devices_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Literary devices in The Lord of the Rings">Techniques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anachronism_in_Middle-earth" title="Anachronism in Middle-earth">Anachronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_pairing_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Character pairing in The Lord of the Rings">Character pairing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editorial_framing_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Editorial framing of The Lord of the Rings">Editorial framing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_frame_stories" title="Tolkien's frame stories">Frame stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudotranslation_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Pseudotranslation in The Lord of the Rings">Pseudotranslation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impression_of_depth_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Impression of depth in The Lord of the Rings">Impression of depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_structure_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Narrative structure of The Lord of the Rings">Narrative structure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interlacing_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Interlacing in The Lord of the Rings">Interlacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storytelling_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Storytelling in The Lord of the Rings">Storytelling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_prose_style" title="Tolkien's prose style">Prose style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_ambiguity" title="Tolkien's ambiguity">Ambiguity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Pooh" title="Epic Pooh">Epic Pooh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_peoples" title="Middle-earth peoples">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maiar" title="Maiar">Maiar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balrog" title="Balrog">Balrogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron">Sauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizards_in_Middle-earth" title="Wizards in Middle-earth">Wizards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radagast" title="Radagast">Radagast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_peoples#Free_peoples" title="Middle-earth peoples">Free<br />peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwarves_in_Middle-earth" title="Dwarves in Middle-earth">Dwarves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balin_(Middle-earth)" title="Balin (Middle-earth)">Balin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimli_(Middle-earth)" title="Gimli (Middle-earth)">Gimli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galadriel" title="Galadriel">Galadriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorfindel" title="Glorfindel">Glorfindel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-elf" title="Half-elf">Half-elven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arwen" title="Arwen">Arwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Elrond</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legolas" title="Legolas">Legolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thranduil" title="Thranduil">Thranduil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ent" title="Ent">Ents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treebeard" title="Treebeard">Treebeard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbit" title="Hobbit">Hobbits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilbo_Baggins" title="Bilbo Baggins">Bilbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frodo_Baggins" title="Frodo Baggins">Frodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merry_Brandybuck" title="Merry Brandybuck">Merry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pippin_Took" title="Pippin Took">Pippin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samwise_Gamgee" title="Samwise Gamgee">Sam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_Middle-earth" title="Men in Middle-earth">Men</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beorn" title="Beorn">Beornings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%BAedain" title="Drúedain">Drúedain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAnedain" title="Dúnedain">Dúnedain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aragorn" title="Aragorn">Aragorn</a></li></ul></li> <li>of <a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boromir" title="Boromir">Boromir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denethor" title="Denethor">Denethor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faramir" title="Faramir">Faramir</a></li></ul></li> <li>of <a href="/wiki/Rohan,_Middle-earth" title="Rohan, Middle-earth">Rohan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89omer" title="Éomer">Éomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89owyn" title="Éowyn">Éowyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9oden" title="Théoden">Théoden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%ADma_Wormtongue" title="Gríma Wormtongue">Wormtongue</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_monsters" title="Tolkien's monsters">Monsters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrow-wight" title="Barrow-wight">Barrow-wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Gollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazg%C3%BBl" title="Nazgûl">Nazgûl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witch-king_of_Angmar" title="Witch-king of Angmar">Witch-king of Angmar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Man_Willow" title="Old Man Willow">Old Man Willow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">Orcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelob" title="Shelob">Shelob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolls_in_Middle-earth" title="Trolls in Middle-earth">Trolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warg" title="Warg">Wargs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_in_the_Water" title="Watcher in the Water">Watcher in the Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagles_in_Middle-earth" title="Eagles in Middle-earth">Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldberry" title="Goldberry">Goldberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Bombadil" title="Tom Bombadil">Tom Bombadil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">World</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Middle-earth" title="Geography of Middle-earth">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Eriador <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bree_(Middle-earth)" title="Bree (Middle-earth)">Bree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Forest" title="Old Forest">Old Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivendell" title="Rivendell">Rivendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shire" title="The Shire">The Shire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bag_End" title="Bag End">Bag End</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harad" title="Harad">Harad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothl%C3%B3rien" title="Lothlórien">Lothlórien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirkwood" title="Mirkwood">Mirkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria,_Middle-earth" title="Moria, Middle-earth">Moria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordor" title="Mordor">Mordor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohan,_Middle-earth" title="Rohan, Middle-earth">Rohan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isengard" title="Isengard">Isengard</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Helm%27s_Deep" title="Battle of Helm's Deep">Helm's Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pelennor_Fields" title="Battle of the Pelennor Fields">Pelennor Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Morannon" title="Battle of the Morannon">Morannon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Things</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mithril" title="Mithril">Mithril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliphaunt" title="Oliphaunt">Oliphaunts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palant%C3%ADr" title="Palantír">Palantírs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phial_of_Galadriel" title="Phial of Galadriel">Phial of Galadriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Power" title="Rings of Power">Rings of Power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">One Ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_and_armour_in_Middle-earth" title="List of weapons and armour in Middle-earth">List of weapons and armour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tom_Bombadil" title="The Adventures of Tom Bombadil">The Adventures of Tom Bombadil</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Errantry" title="Errantry">Errantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastitocalon_(poem)" title="Fastitocalon (poem)">Fastitocalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sea-Bell" title="The Sea-Bell">The Sea-Bell</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Goes_Ever_On" title="The Road Goes Ever On">The Road Goes Ever On</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bilbo%27s_Last_Song" title="Bilbo's Last Song">Bilbo's Last Song</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_Tales" title="Unfinished Tales">Unfinished Tales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Letters_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Middle-earth" title="The History of Middle-earth">The History of Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Children_of_H%C3%BArin" title="The Children of Húrin">The Children of Húrin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_The_Hobbit" title="The History of The Hobbit">The History of The Hobbit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beren_and_L%C3%BAthien" title="Beren and Lúthien">Beren and Lúthien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Gondolin" title="The Fall of Gondolin">The Fall of Gondolin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nature_of_Middle-earth" title="The Nature of Middle-earth">The Nature of Middle-earth</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Adaptations_and_derivative_works" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Adaptations of The Lord of the Rings">Adaptations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_Tolkien" title="Works inspired by Tolkien">derivative works</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bored_of_the_Rings" title="Bored of the Rings">Bored of the Rings</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Ringbearer" title="The Last Ringbearer">The Last Ringbearer</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muddle_Earth" title="Muddle Earth">Muddle Earth</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Illustrating_Middle-earth" title="Illustrating Middle-earth">Illustrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Map_of_Middle-earth" title="A Map of Middle-earth">A Map of Middle-earth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Baynes" title="Pauline Baynes">Pauline Baynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Remington" title="Barbara Remington">Barbara Remington</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howe_(illustrator)" title="John Howe (illustrator)">John Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lee_(illustrator)" title="Alan Lee (illustrator)">Alan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II" title="Margrethe II">Margrethe II of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Nasmith" title="Ted Nasmith">Ted Nasmith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fellowship!" title="Fellowship!">Fellowship!</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Rings_(musical)" title="Lord of the Rings (musical)">Lord of the Rings</a></i> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Middle-earth" title="Music of Middle-earth">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_Inspired_by_Lord_of_the_Rings_(Bo_Hansson_album)" title="Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings (Bo Hansson album)">Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Symphony No. 1 The Lord of the Rings">Symphony No. 1 <i>The Lord of the Rings</i></a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Ramble_On" title="Ramble On">Ramble On</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Misty_Mountain_Hop" title="Misty Mountain Hop">Misty Mountain Hop</a>" (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Evermore" title="The Battle of Evermore">The Battle of Evermore</a>" (1971)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1955_radio_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1979_radio_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>, 1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hordes_of_the_Things_(radio_series)" title="Hordes of the Things (radio series)">Hordes of the Things</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1981_radio_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (BBC, 1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_Herr_der_Ringe" title="Der Herr der Ringe">Der Herr der Ringe</a></i> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_motion_pictures" title="Middle-earth in motion pictures">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1978_film)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bakshi" title="Ralph Bakshi">Bakshi</a>, 1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King_(1980_film)" title="The Return of the King (1980 film)">The Return of the King</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Rankin/Bass_Animated_Entertainment" title="Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment">Rankin/Bass</a>, 1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_War_of_the_Rohirrim" title="The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim">The War of the Rohirrim</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)">Peter Jackson<br />series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings film series">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Concerning_Hobbits" title="Concerning Hobbits">Concerning Hobbits</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Into_the_West_(song)" title="Into the West (song)">Into the West</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/May_It_Be" title="May It Be">May It Be</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approach</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Production of The Lord of the Rings film series">Production</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hobbiton_Movie_Set" title="Hobbiton Movie Set">Hobbiton Movie Set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson%27s_interpretation_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Peter Jackson's interpretation of The Lord of the Rings">Peter Jackson's interpretation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Picturing_Tolkien" title="Picturing Tolkien">Picturing Tolkien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_on_Film" title="Tolkien on Film">Tolkien on Film</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sagan_om_ringen_(1971_film)" title="Sagan om ringen (1971 film)">Sagan om ringen</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khraniteli" title="Khraniteli">Khraniteli</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hobitit" title="Hobitit">Hobitit</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Rings_of_Power" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power">The Rings of Power</a></i> (2022) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Rings_of_Power" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power">music</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fan-made</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunt_for_Gollum" title="The Hunt for Gollum">The Hunt for Gollum</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Born_of_Hope" title="Born of Hope">Born of Hope</a></i> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_video_games" title="Middle-earth in video games">Video games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Journey_to_Rivendell" title="The Lord of the Rings: Journey to Rivendell">Journey to Rivendell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Rings:_Game_One" title="Lord of the Rings: Game One">Game One</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shadows_of_Mordor" title="Shadows of Mordor">Game Two: Shadows of Mordor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_in_Middle_Earth" title="War in Middle Earth">War in Middle Earth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien%27s_The_Lord_of_the_Rings,_Vol._I_(1990_video_game)" title="J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)"><i>Vol. I</i> (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien%27s_The_Lord_of_the_Rings,_Vol._I_(1994_video_game)" title="J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1994 video game)"><i>Vol. I</i> (SNES)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien%27s_Riders_of_Rohan" title="J. R. R. Tolkien's Riders of Rohan">Riders of Rohan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elendor" title="Elendor">Elendor</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien%27s_The_Lord_of_the_Rings,_Vol._II:_The_Two_Towers" title="J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers"><i>Vol. II: The Two Towers</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)"><i>The Fellowship of the Ring</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)"><i>The Two Towers</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)"><i>The Return of the King</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_War_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring"><i>War of the Ring</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Third_Age" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age"><i>The Third Age</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Third_Age_(Game_Boy_Advance_video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age (Game Boy Advance video game)">Game Boy Advance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth"><i>The Battle for Middle-earth</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Tactics" title="The Lord of the Rings: Tactics"><i>Tactics</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth_II" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II"><i>The Battle for Middle-earth II</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth_II:_The_Rise_of_the_Witch-king" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king"><i>The Rise of the Witch-king</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Conquest" title="The Lord of the Rings: Conquest"><i>Conquest</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Aragorn%27s_Quest" title="The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest"><i>Aragorn's Quest</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_War_in_the_North" title="The Lord of the Rings: War in the North"><i>War in the North</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(video_game)" title="Lego The Lord of the Rings (video game)"><i>Lego The Lord of the Rings</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_Middle-earth" title="Guardians of Middle-earth">Guardians of Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth:_Shadow_of_Mordor" title="Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor"><i>Shadow of Mordor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth:_Shadow_of_War" title="Middle-earth: Shadow of War"><i>Shadow of War</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Gollum" title="The Lord of the Rings: Gollum"><i>Gollum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Return_to_Moria" title="The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria"><i>Return to Moria</i></a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online" title="The Lord of the Rings Online">The Lord of the Rings Online</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Mines_of_Moria" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria"><i>Mines of Moria</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Siege_of_Mirkwood" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Siege of Mirkwood"><i>Siege of Mirkwood</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Rise_of_Isengard" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Rise of Isengard"><i>Rise of Isengard</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Riders_of_Rohan" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Riders of Rohan"><i>Riders of Rohan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Helm%27s_Deep" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Helm's Deep"><i>Helm's Deep</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Mordor" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Mordor"><i>Mordor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Minas_Morgul" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Minas Morgul"><i>Minas Morgul</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_War_of_Three_Peaks" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: War of Three Peaks"><i>War of Three Peaks</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Fate_of_Gundabad" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Fate of Gundabad"><i>Fate of Gundabad</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Before_the_Shadow" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Before the Shadow"><i>Before the Shadow</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tabletop role-<br />playing games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Role_Playing" title="Middle-earth Role Playing">Middle-earth Role Playing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Roleplaying_Game" title="The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game">The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_One_Ring_Roleplaying_Game" title="The One Ring Roleplaying Game">The One Ring Roleplaying Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adventures_in_Middle-earth" title="Adventures in Middle-earth">Adventures in Middle-earth</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Earth_(board_game)" title="Middle Earth (board game)">Middle Earth</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Ring_(SPI_game)" title="War of the Ring (SPI game)">War of the Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondor:_The_Siege_of_Minas_Tirith" title="Gondor: The Siege of Minas Tirith">Gondor: The Siege of Minas Tirith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauron_(game)" title="Sauron (game)">Sauron</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Rings_(board_game)" title="Lord of the Rings (board game)">Lord of the Rings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Ring_(board_game)" title="War of the Ring (board game)">War of the Ring</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Card games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Collectible_Card_Game" title="Middle-earth Collectible Card Game">Middle-earth Collectible Card Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Trading_Card_Game" title="The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game">The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Card_Game" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game">The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Strategy_Battle_Game" title="Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game">Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lego_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Lego The Lord of the Rings">Lego The Lord of the Rings</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Hobbit" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hobbit" title="Template:Hobbit"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hobbit" title="Template talk:Hobbit"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hobbit" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hobbit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Hobbit" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbit" title="Hobbit">Hobbit</a> <a href="/wiki/Hobbit_(word)" title="Hobbit (word)">(word)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Tolkien's legendarium">Legendarium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_frame_stories" title="Tolkien's frame stories">frame stories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_artwork" title="Tolkien's artwork">artwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_and_Middle-earth" title="Beowulf and Middle-earth"><i>Beowulf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_maps" title="Tolkien's maps">maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_weapons_in_Middle-earth" title="Naming of weapons in Middle-earth">naming of weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_journeys_of_Middle-earth" title="Psychological journeys of Middle-earth">psychological journeys</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Editions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English-language_editions_of_The_Hobbit" title="English-language editions of The Hobbit">English-language editions</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Annotated_Hobbit" title="The Annotated Hobbit">The Annotated Hobbit</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translations_of_The_Hobbit" title="Translations of The Hobbit">Translations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Hobbit_characters" title="List of The Hobbit characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilbo_Baggins" title="Bilbo Baggins">Bilbo Baggins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizards_in_Middle-earth" title="Wizards in Middle-earth">Wizards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radagast" title="Radagast">Radagast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarves_in_Middle-earth" title="Dwarves in Middle-earth">Dwarves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thorin_Oakenshield" title="Thorin Oakenshield">Thorin Oakenshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balin_(Middle-earth)" title="Balin (Middle-earth)">Balin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">Goblins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolls_in_Middle-earth" title="Trolls in Middle-earth">Trolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Gollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagles_in_Middle-earth" title="Eagles in Middle-earth">Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beorn" title="Beorn">Beorn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Elrond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thranduil" title="Thranduil">the Elvenking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smaug" title="Smaug">Smaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bard_the_Bowman" title="Bard the Bowman">Bard the Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron">The Necromancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warg" title="Warg">Wargs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Middle-earth" title="Geography of Middle-earth">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Eriador <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Shire" title="The Shire">The Shire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivendell" title="Rivendell">Rivendell</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rhovanion <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirkwood" title="Mirkwood">Mirkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esgaroth" title="Esgaroth">Esgaroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonely_Mountain" title="Lonely Mountain">Lonely Mountain</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_The_Hobbit" title="The History of The Hobbit">The History of The Hobbit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bilbo%27s_Last_Song" title="Bilbo's Last Song">Bilbo's Last Song</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(pinball)" title="The Hobbit (pinball)"><i>The Hobbit</i> pinball machine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Strategy_Battle_Game" title="Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game">The Hobbit Strategy Battle Game</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_The_Hobbit" title="Adaptations of The Hobbit">Adaptations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(radio_series)" title="The Hobbit (radio series)">The Hobbit</a></i> (1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gene Deitch's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1967_film)" title="The Hobbit (1967 film)">The Hobbit</a></i> (1967)</li> <li>Rankin/Bass's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1977_film)" title="The Hobbit (1977 film)">The Hobbit</a></i> (1977)</li> <li>Soviet <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1985_film)" title="The Hobbit (1985 film)">The Hobbit</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(film_series)" title="The Hobbit (film series)">Peter Jackson's series</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_An_Unexpected_Journey" title="The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey">An Unexpected Journey</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_The_Desolation_of_Smaug" title="The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug">The Desolation of Smaug</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_The_Battle_of_the_Five_Armies" title="The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies">The Battle of the Five Armies</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_original_characters_in_The_Hobbit_film_series" title="List of original characters in The Hobbit film series">original characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Hobbit_film_series" title="Music of The Hobbit film series">music</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1982_video_game)" title="The Hobbit (1982 video game)">The Hobbit</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(2003_video_game)" title="The Hobbit (2003 video game)">The Hobbit</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lego_The_Hobbit" title="Lego The Hobbit">Lego The Hobbit</a></i> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:The_Hobbit" title="Category:The Hobbit">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elves" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7e7e7"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elves" title="Template:Elves"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elves" title="Template talk:Elves"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elves" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elves"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elves" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">Elves</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Germanic_folklore" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic folklore">Germanic folklore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Types of elves</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alp_(folklore)" title="Alp (folklore)">Alp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6kk%C3%A1lfar_and_Lj%C3%B3s%C3%A1lfar" title="Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar">Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hulduf%C3%B3lk" title="Huldufólk">Huldufólk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Svart%C3%A1lfar" title="Svartálfar">Svartálfar</a></dd> <dt>Notable elves</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elegast" title="Elegast">Elegast</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Erlking" title="Erlking">Erlking</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Elphame" title="Queen of Elphame">Queen of Elphame</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wayland_the_Smith#Völundarkviða" title="Wayland the Smith">Völundr</a></dd> <dt>Figures associated with</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alberich" title="Alberich">Alberich</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Halga#Hrólfr_Kraki's_saga" title="Halga">Helgi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hagen_(legend)" title="Hagen (legend)">Högni</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Skuld_(princess)" title="Skuld (princess)">Skuld</a></dd> <dt>Locations</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lfheimr" title="Álfheimr">Álfheimr</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B0avellir" title="Niðavellir">Niðavellir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Svart%C3%A1lfar" title="Svartálfar">Svartálfaheimr</a></dd> <dt>Phenomena</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lfabl%C3%B3t" title="Álfablót">Álfablót</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lfr%C3%B6%C3%B0ull" title="Álfröðull">Álfröðull</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elfshot" title="Elfshot">Elf-arrow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fairy-lock" title="Fairy-lock">Elf-locks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elfshot" title="Elfshot">Elfshot</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Half-elf" title="Half-elf">Half-elf</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elf_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elf (Middle-earth)">Tolkien's Middle-earth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sundering_of_the_Elves" title="Sundering of the Elves">Sundering of the Elves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noldor" title="Noldor">Noldor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebrimbor" title="Celebrimbor">Celebrimbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ABanor" title="Fëanor">Fëanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finw%C3%AB_and_M%C3%ADriel" title="Finwë and Míriel">Finwë and Míriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorfindel" title="Glorfindel">Glorfindel</a></li></ul></li> <li>Half-elves <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arwen" title="Arwen">Arwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%A4rendil_and_Elwing" title="Eärendil and Elwing">Eärendil and Elwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Elrond</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingolfin" title="Fingolfin">Fingolfin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galadriel" title="Galadriel">Galadriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil-galad" title="Gil-galad">Gil-galad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuor_and_Idril" title="Tuor and Idril">Idril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legolas" title="Legolas">Legolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAthien_and_Beren" title="Lúthien and Beren">Lúthien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thingol" title="Thingol">Thingol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thranduil" title="Thranduil">Thranduil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">Other modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elves_in_fiction" title="Elves in fiction">Elves in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_elf" title="Christmas elf">Christmas elf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Elf_School" title="Icelandic Elf School">Icelandic Elf School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_elf" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine elf">Machine elf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(folklore)" title="Dwarf (folklore)">Dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy" title="Fairy">Fairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A5" title="Rå">Rå</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hulder" title="Hulder">Hulder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witte_Wieven" title="Witte Wieven">Witte Wieven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dames_blanches" title="Dames blanches">Dames blanches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fe_Frauen" title="Weiße Frauen">Weiße Frauen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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