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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Amerikansk-engelsk" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Amerikansk-engelsk" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Fonologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Fonologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordforråd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordforråd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ordforråd</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ordforråd-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Ordforråd</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ordforråd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opprinnelsen_til_et_amerikansk_ordforråd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opprinnelsen_til_et_amerikansk_ordforråd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Opprinnelsen til et amerikansk ordforråd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opprinnelsen_til_et_amerikansk_ordforråd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Bibliografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Generelt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generelt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Generelt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generelt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amerikansk_engelsk-historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amerikansk_engelsk-historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Amerikansk engelsk-historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amerikansk_engelsk-historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regionale_variasjoner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regionale_variasjoner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Regionale variasjoner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regionale_variasjoner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sosiale_variasjoner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sosiale_variasjoner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Sosiale variasjoner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sosiale_variasjoner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afrikansk_amerikansk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afrikansk_amerikansk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Afrikansk amerikansk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afrikansk_amerikansk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amerikansk_indisk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amerikansk_indisk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Amerikansk indisk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amerikansk_indisk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latinamerikansk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latinamerikansk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.3</span> <span>Latinamerikansk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latinamerikansk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visuelle_medier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visuelle_medier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Visuelle medier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visuelle_medier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fotnoter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fotnoter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fotnoter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fotnoter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amerikansk-engelsk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 70 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angloamerikansk" title="Angloamerikansk – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Angloamerikansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikansk_engelska" title="Amerikansk engelska – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amerikansk engelska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanskt_enskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Amerikanskt enskt mál – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Amerikanskt enskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanisches_Englisch" title="Amerikanisches Englisch – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Amerikanisches Englisch" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="إنجليزية أمريكية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنجليزية أمريكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s_americano" title="Anglés americano – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anglés americano" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%A9s_d%27Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" title="Inglés d'Estaos Xuníos – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Inglés d'Estaos Xuníos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngilis_dilinin_Amerika_variant%C4%B1" title="İngilis dilinin Amerika variantı – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İngilis dilinin Amerika variantı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="آمریکا اینگیلیسجه‌سی – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آمریکا اینگیلیسجه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="মার্কিন ইংরেজি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মার্কিন ইংরেজি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD-kok_Eng-g%C3%AD" title="Bí-kok Eng-gí – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bí-kok Eng-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Амерыканскі варыянт англійскай мовы – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амерыканскі варыянт англійскай мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Американски английски език – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Американски английски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saozneg_SUA" title="Saozneg SUA – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Saozneg SUA" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s_dels_Estats_Units" title="Anglès dels Estats Units – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anglès dels Estats Units" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%A1_angli%C4%8Dtina" title="Americká angličtina – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Americká angličtina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglese_americanu" title="Inglese americanu – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Inglese americanu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saesneg_America" title="Saesneg America – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Saesneg America" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanisches_Englisch" title="Amerikanisches Englisch – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amerikanisches Englisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika_inglise_keel" title="Ameerika inglise keel – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameerika inglise keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αμερικανισμός – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμερικανισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_English" title="American English – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="American English" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%A9s_estadounidense" title="Inglés estadounidense – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Inglés estadounidense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usona_varia%C4%B5o_de_la_angla_lingvo" title="Usona variaĵo de la angla lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Usona variaĵo de la angla lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatubatuar_ingeles" title="Estatubatuar ingeles – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estatubatuar ingeles" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="انگلیسی آمریکایی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انگلیسی آمریکایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglais_am%C3%A9ricain" title="Anglais américain – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anglais américain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaansk-Ingelsk" title="Amerikaansk-Ingelsk – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Amerikaansk-Ingelsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="미국 영어 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 영어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_engleski_jezik" title="Američki engleski jezik – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Američki engleski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Amerika_Serikat" title="Bahasa Inggris Amerika Serikat – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Inggris Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglese_american" title="Anglese american – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Anglese american" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglese_americano" title="Inglese americano – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Inglese americano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אנגלית אמריקאית – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנגלית אמריקאית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ამერიკული ინგლისური – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამერიკული ინგლისური" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Anglica_Americana" title="Lingua Anglica Americana – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Anglica Americana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerik%C4%81%C5%86u_ang%C4%BCu_valoda" title="Amerikāņu angļu valoda – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amerikāņu angļu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_angl%C5%B3_kalba" title="Amerikiečių anglų kalba – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amerikiečių anglų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikai_angol_nyelv" title="Amerikai angol nyelv – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amerikai angol nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Американски англиски јазик – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Американски англиски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="انجليزى امريكانى – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انجليزى امريكانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris_Amerika" title="Bahasa Inggeris Amerika – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Inggeris Amerika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81" title="ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Америкийн англи хэл – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Америкийн англи хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaans-Engels" title="Amerikaans-Engels – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amerikaans-Engels" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="アメリカ英語 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ英語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s_american" title="Anglés american – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Anglés american" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80" title="ਅਮਰੀਕੀ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਮਰੀਕੀ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="امریکی انگریزی – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="امریکی انگریزی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameryka%C5%84ska_odmiana_j%C4%99zyka_angielskiego" title="Amerykańska odmiana języka angielskiego – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amerykańska odmiana języka angielskiego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%AAs_americano" title="Inglês americano – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Inglês americano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleza_american%C4%83" title="Engleza americană – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Engleza americană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Американский вариант английского языка – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Американский вариант английского языка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Американ инглиш – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Американ инглиш" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbazu_inglesu_de_sos_Istados_Unidos" title="Limbazu inglesu de sos Istados Unidos – sardisk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limbazu inglesu de sos Istados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglishtja_amerikane" title="Anglishtja amerikane – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Anglishtja amerikane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92" title="ඇමරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇමරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_English" title="American English – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="American English" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ئینگلیزیی ئەمریکی – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئینگلیزیی ئەمریکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_engleski_jezik" title="Američki engleski jezik – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Američki engleski jezik" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="lovende artikkel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanenglanti" title="Amerikanenglanti – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amerikanenglanti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அமெரிக்க ஆங்கிலம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமெரிக்க ஆங்கிலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาอังกฤษแบบอเมริกัน – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาอังกฤษแบบอเมริกัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikan_%C4%B0ngilizcesi" title="Amerikan İngilizcesi – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerikan İngilizcesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Американська англійська – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Американська англійська" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="امریکی انگریزی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="امریکی انگریزی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Anh_M%E1%BB%B9" title="Tiếng Anh Mỹ – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Anh Mỹ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="美国英语 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美国英语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="美國英文 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美國英文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="美国英语 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美国英语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7976#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Omdirigert fra «<a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk_engelsk&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerikansk engelsk">Amerikansk engelsk</a>»)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:English_USC2000_PHS.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/English_USC2000_PHS.svg/250px-English_USC2000_PHS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/English_USC2000_PHS.svg/375px-English_USC2000_PHS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/English_USC2000_PHS.svg/500px-English_USC2000_PHS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>Engelske språkets utbredelse i USA. Dess mørkere blåfarge jo høyere prosent engelsktalende med engelsk som morsmål i staten.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Amerikansk-engelsk</b> (engelsk: <b>American English</b>) er et sett med <a href="/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk">engelske</a> <a href="/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt">dialekter</a> som for det meste brukes i <a href="/wiki/Amerikas_forente_stater" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerikas forente stater">Amerikas forente stater</a>. Omtrent to tredjedeler av de med engelsk som <a href="/wiki/Morsm%C3%A5l" title="Morsmål">morsmål</a> bor i <a href="/wiki/Amerikas_forente_stater" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerikas forente stater">USA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bruken av engelsk i USA kom ved den <a href="/wiki/Britisk_kolonisering_av_Amerika" title="Britisk kolonisering av Amerika">britiske koloniseringen</a> på 1580-tallet ved opprettelsen av <a href="/wiki/Kolonien_Virginia" title="Kolonien Virginia">Kolonien Virginia</a>. Den første bølgen av engelsktalende nybyggere ankom i Nord-Amerika i det 17. århundre. På den tiden var det også <a href="/wiki/Hollandsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollandsk">hollandsk</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk">fransk</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk">tysk</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Norsk" title="Norsk">norsk</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Spansk" title="Spansk">spansk</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Svensk" title="Svensk">svensk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skotsk" title="Skotsk">skotsk</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Walisisk" title="Walisisk">walisisk</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Irsk" title="Irsk">irsk</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Skotsk-g%C3%A6lisk" title="Skotsk-gælisk">skotsk-gælisk</a>- og <a href="/wiki/Finsk" title="Finsk">finsk</a>-talende samt en rekke indianerspråk i Nord-Amerika. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonologi">Fonologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fonologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fonologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noen særpregede aksenter kan bli funnet på østkysten (for eksempel i Øst-New England og New York City), delvis fordi disse områdene var i kontakt med England og dermed imiterte prestisjefylte variasjoner av engelsk engelsk i en tid hvor disse variasjonene gjennomgikk forandringer.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I tillegg til dette så har mange språksamfunn på østkysten eksistert på sin nåværende plass lengre enn andre. De indre delene av USA ble derimot bebodd av folk fra alle regioner av det eksisterende USA og utviklet derfor et langt mer genergisk lingvistisk mønster. </p><p>De fleste nordamerikanske talemåtene er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhotisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhotisk (ikke skrevet ennå)">rhotisk</a>, som engelsk var de fleste steder i det 17. århundre. Rhotisiteten ble videre støttet av <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-engelsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiberno-engelsk">Hiberno-engelsk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skotsk_engelsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skotsk engelsk (ikke skrevet ennå)">skotsk engelsk</a> og west country-engelsk. I de fleste variasjonene av nordamerikansk engelsk så er lyden som korresponderer til bokstaven <i>r</i> <a href="/wiki/Retrofleks" title="Retrofleks">retrofleks</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r19918143">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"DejaVu Sans","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Code2000","MV Boli","MS Mincho","Arial",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ɻ]</span> eller alveolar approximant <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ɹ]</span> heller enn en vibrasjon eller et lett slag. Utelatelse av stavingsrim <i>r</i> skjer noen ganger i rhotic-dialekter hvis <i>r</i> er lokalisert i stavelser eller ord uten trykk og den neste stavelsen eller det neste ordet begynner på en konsonant. I England så ble ofte den tapte <i>r</i>-en endret til en <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ə]</span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjev%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjevá (ikke skrevet ennå)">Sjevá</a>), som gir starten til en ny klasse med falne <a href="/wiki/Diftong" title="Diftong">diftonger</a>. Videre så er <i>er</i>-lyden i <i>f<b>ur</b></i> eller <i>butt<b>er</b></i> forstått i AmE som en <a href="/wiki/Monoftong" title="Monoftong">monoftong</a> r-farget vokal (med trykk <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ɝ]</span> eller uten trykk <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ɚ]</span> som representert i <a href="/wiki/Det_internasjonale_fonetiske_alfabetet" title="Det internasjonale fonetiske alfabetet">det internasjonale fonetiske alfabetet</a>). Dette skjer ikke i ikke-rhotiske variasjoner av nordamerikansk tale. </p><p>Noen andre britisk-engelsk-endringer hvor de fleste nordamerikanske dialektene ikke deltar: </p> <ul><li>Skifte fra <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/æ/</span> til <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ɑ/</span> (Den såkalte brede A) før <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/f/, /s/, /θ/, /ð/, /z/, /v/</span> alene eller etterfulgt av en <a href="/wiki/Artikulasjonssted" title="Artikulasjonssted">homorganisk</a> lyd igjennom nesen. Dette er forskjellen mellom <a href="/wiki/Britisk-engelsk" title="Britisk-engelsk">britisk <i>Received Pronunciation</i></a> og amerikansk uttalelse av <i>bath</i> og <i>dance</i>. I Amerika så tok kun øst-new englandske talere opp denne modifikasjonen, selv om den blir mer og mer sjelden der.</li> <li>Realiseringen av intervokalske (en konsonant som kommer mellom to vokaler) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/t/</span> som en gutteral stopp <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[?]</span> (som i <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[bɒʔəl]</span> for <i>bottle</i>). Denne endringen er ikke universal for <a href="/wiki/Britisk-engelsk" title="Britisk-engelsk">britisk-engelsk</a> og er ikke regnet som et særpreg av <a href="/wiki/Britisk-engelsk" title="Britisk-engelsk">Received Pronunciation</a>. Dette er ikke innenfor de fleste nordamerikanske dialekter. Newfoundland-engelsk er et merkverdig unntak.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Non_rhotic-whites-usa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Non_rhotic-whites-usa.png/250px-Non_rhotic-whites-usa.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Non_rhotic-whites-usa.png/375px-Non_rhotic-whites-usa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Non_rhotic-whites-usa.png/500px-Non_rhotic-whites-usa.png 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="673" /></a><figcaption>De røde områdene er de hvor ikke-rhotisk uttalelse er funnet blant noen hvite i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=African_American_Vernacular_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African American Vernacular English (ikke skrevet ennå)">AAVE</a>-påvirket ikke-rhotisk uttalelse kan bli funnet blant <a href="/wiki/Afroamerikanere" class="mw-redirect" title="Afroamerikanere">de svarte</a> utover hele landet.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>På den andre siden, nordamerikansk engelsk har gjennomgått lydendringer som ikke finnes i Storbritannia, spesielt i standardvariasjonene. Mange av disse er tilfeller av fonetiske forskjeller, og inkluderer: </p> <ul><li>Sammensmeltingen av <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ɑ/</span> og <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ɒ/</span> som gjør at <i>father</i> og <i>bother</i> rimer. Denne endringen er nærmest universal i nordamerikansk engelsk, og dukker opp nærmest overalt med unntak av deler av østre New England, derfor Boston-aksenten.</li> <li>Sammensmeltingen av <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ɒ/</span> og <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ɔ/</span>. Dette er en såkalt cot-caught-sammensmelting hvor <i>cot</i> og <i>caught</i> er <a href="/wiki/Homofon" title="Homofon">homofoner</a>. Denne endringen har dukket opp i østre New England, i Pittsburgh og omegn, og fra <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> vestover.</li> <li>For de som ikke smelter sammen <i>caught</i> og <i>cot</i>: Erstatningen av <i>cot</i>-vokalen med <i>caught</i>-vokalen før <a href="/wiki/Frikativer" title="Frikativer">stumme frikativer</a> (som i <i>cloth, off</i> [som kan bli funnet i noen gammeldagse variasjoner av RP]), så vel som før <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ŋ/</span> (som i <i>strong, long</i>), vanligvis i <i>gone,</i> ofte i <i>on,</i> og nå og da før <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/g/</span> <i>(log, hog, dog, fog</i> [som ikke finnes i <a href="/wiki/Britisk-engelsk" title="Britisk-engelsk">britisk-engelsk</a> i det hele tatt]).</li> <li>Erstatningen for <i>lot</i>-vokalen med <i>strut</i>-vokalen i de fleste uttalelser av ordene <i>was, of, from, what</i> og i mange uttalelsesmåter for ordene <i>everybody, nobody, somebody, anybody;</i> ordet <i>because</i> har enten <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ʌ/</span> eller <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ɔ/</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>want</i> har normalt <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ɔ/</span> eller <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ɑ/</span>, noen ganger <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ʌ/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Vokalsammensmeltning før intervokalske <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ɹ/</span>. Hvilke vokaler som påvirker varierer mellom dialektene. En sånn forandring er laxingen av <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/e/</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/i/</span> og <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/u/</span> til <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ɛ/</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ɪ/</span> og <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ʊ/</span> før <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ɹ/</span>, og fører dermed til uttalelser som <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[pɛɹ]</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[pɪɹ]</span> og <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[pjʊɹ]</span> for <i>pair, peer</i> og <i>pure</i>. Sluttlyden <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ʊɹ]</span> blir ofte redusert videre til <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ɝ]</span>, spesielt etter <a href="/wiki/Palataler" title="Palataler">palataler</a>, slik at <i>cure, pure, mature</i> og <i>sure</i> rimer med <i>fir.</i></li> <li>Utelatelsen av <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/j/</span> etter <a href="/wiki/Alveolarer" title="Alveolarer">alveolarer</a> slik at <i>new, duke, Tuesday, suit, resume, lute</i> blir uttalt <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/nu/</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/duk/</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/tuzdeɪ/</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/sut/</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ɹɪzum/</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/lut/</span>.</li> <li>Æ-spenning i omgivelser som varierer kraftig fra aksent til aksent; for eksempel, for mange språkbrukere, så er <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/æ/</span> omtrentlig forstått som <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[eə]</span> før <a href="/wiki/Nasaler" title="Nasaler">nasaler</a>. I noen aksenter, spesielt de fra <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> til <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City">New York City</a>, så kan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[æ]</span> og <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[eə]</span> være kontraster noen ganger, som i <i>Yes, I <b>can</b></i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[kæn]</span> vs. <i>tin <b>can</b></i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[keən]</span>.</li> <li>Svingningene av intervokalske <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/t/</span> og <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/d/</span> til ettslags-r <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ɾ]</span> før vokaler uten trykk (som i <i>bu<b>tt</b>er</i>, <i>par<b>t</b>y</i>) og stavelsen <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/l/</span> (<i>bo<b>tt</b>le</i>), så vel som slutten på et ord eller stavelse før en hvilken som helst vokal (<i>wha<b>t</b> else</i>, <i>wha<b>t</b>ever</i>). Derfor, for mange språkbrukere, så uttales par som <i>ladder/latter, metal/medal,</i> og <i>coating/coding</i> likt. For mange språkbrukere så er denne sammensmeltningen uferdig og dukker ikke opp etter <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/aɪ/</span>; de har til vane å uttale <i>writer</i> med <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[əɪ]</span> og <i>rider</i> med <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[aɪ]</span>. Dette er en form for kanadisk forøkning, men, ikke i likhet med andre ekstreme former av den prosessen, så påvirker den ikke <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/aʊ/</span>.</li> <li>Både intervokalske <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/nt/</span> og <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/n/</span> kan bli forstått som <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[n]</span> eller <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ɾ̃]</span>, og de blir da <i>winter</i>- og <i>winner</i>-homofoner. Dette dukker ikke opp når andre stavelse har trykk, som i <i>entail</i>.</li> <li>Pin-pen-sammensmeltningen, hvor <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ɛ]</span> blir økt til en <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ɪ]</span> før nasaler, lager par som <i>pen/pin</i>-homofoner. Denne sammensmeltningen startet i søramerikansk engelsk, men er nå funnet i deler av midtvesten og vesten også.</li></ul> <p>Noen sammensmeltninger som finnes i de fleste variasjoner av både amerikansk- og britisk-engelsk er: </p> <ul><li>Sammensmeltningen av vokalene <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ɔ/</span> og <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/o/</span> før <i>r</i> lager par som <i>horse/hoarse, corps/core, for/four, morning/mourning,</i> etc. <a href="/wiki/Homofon" title="Homofon">homofoner</a>.</li> <li>Wine-whine-sammensmeltningen lager par som <i>wine/whine, wet/whet, Wales/whales, wear/where,</i> etc. <a href="/wiki/Homofon" title="Homofon">homofoner</a>, og utelater i de fleste tilfeller <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ʍ/</span>, den stumme labiovelar frikativ. Mange eldre varianter av sør- og vest-AmE beholder fortsatt disse skillene, men sammensmeltningen ser ut til å spre seg.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordforråd"><span id="Ordforr.C3.A5d"></span>Ordforråd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ordforråd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ordforråd"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nord-Amerika har gitt engelsk <a href="/wiki/Ordforr%C3%A5d" title="Ordforråd">ordforråd</a> mange tusen ord, meninger og fraser. Mange tusen er nå brukt i engelsk internasjonalt; andre derimot døde kun få år etter deres opprinnelse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opprinnelsen_til_et_amerikansk_ordforråd"><span id="Opprinnelsen_til_et_amerikansk_ordforr.C3.A5d"></span>Opprinnelsen til et amerikansk ordforråd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Opprinnelsen til et amerikansk ordforråd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Opprinnelsen til et amerikansk ordforråd"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prosessen med å sette sammen nye deler av vokabularet startet så fort kolonistene begynte å låne navn for ukjent planteliv, dyreliv og topografi fra indianerspråkene. Eksempler på slike navn er <i><a href="/wiki/Pungrotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Pungrotte">oppossum</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vanlig_vaskebj%C3%B8rn" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanlig vaskebjørn">raccoon</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Squash" class="mw-disambig" title="Squash">squash</a></i> og <i><a href="/wiki/Elg" title="Elg">moose</a></i> (fra <a href="/wiki/Algonkinske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Algonkinske språk">algonkinsk</a>). Andre låneord fra indianerspråkene, slik som <i>wigwam</i> eller <i>moccasin</i>, beskriver kunstige ting som er vanlig i bruk hos de innfødte i Nord-Amerika. Språkene fra andre koloniserte nasjoner har også bidratt til det amerikanske vokabularet; for eksempel <i>cookie</i>, <i>cruller</i> og <i>pit</i> (av en frukt) fra <a href="/wiki/Hollandsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollandsk">hollandsk</a>; <i>levee</i>, <i>portage</i> («bære båter eller annen gods») og (mest sannsynlig) <i>gopher</i> fra <a href="/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk">fransk</a>; <i>barbecue</i>, <i>stevedore</i> fra <a href="/wiki/Spansk" title="Spansk">spansk</a>. </p><p>Blant de tidligste og mest notable vanlige «engelske» tilføyelsene til det amerikanske vokabularet, datert tilbake til tidlig kolonitid tidlig på 1800-tallet, er termer som beskriver særpreg i det nordamerikanske landskapet; for eksempel, <i>run</i>, <i>branch</i>, <i>fork</i>, <i>snag</i>, <i>bluff</i>, <i>gulch</i>, <i>neck</i> (på trær), <i>barrens</i>, <i>bottomland</i>, <i>notch</i>, <i>knob</i>, <i>riggfle</i>, <i>rapids</i>, <i>watergap</i>, <i>cutoff</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sti" title="Sti">trail</a></i>, <i>timberline</i> og <i>divide</i>. Allerede eksisterende ord, slik som <i>creek</i>, <i>slough</i>, <i>sleet</i> og (i senere bruk) <i><a href="/wiki/Nedb%C3%B8rfelt" title="Nedbørfelt">watershed</a></i> fikk nye betydninger som var ukjent i England. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bibliografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bibliografi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generelt">Generelt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Generelt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Generelt"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Bartlett, John R. (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryameri08bartgoog"><i>Dictionary of Americanisms: A Glossary of Words and Phrases Usually Regarded As Peculiar to the United States</i></a>. New York: Bartlett and Welford.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AAmerikansk-engelsk&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Americanisms%3A+A+Glossary+of+Words+and+Phrases+Usually+Regarded+As+Peculiar+to+the+United+States&rft.date=1848&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Bartlett+and+Welford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryameri08bartgoog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Ferguson, Charles A.; & Heath, Shirley Brice (Eds.). (1981). <i>Language in the USA</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>Finegan, Edward. (2004). American English and its distinctiveness. In E. Finegan & J. R. Rickford (Eds.), <i>Language in the USA: Themes for the twenty-first century</i> (pp. 18-38). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>Finegan, Edward; & Rickford, John R. (Eds.). (2004). <i>Language in the USA: Themes for the twenty-first century</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>Frazer, Timothy (Ed.). (1993). <i>Heartland English</i>. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.</li> <li>Glowka, Wayne; & Lance, Donald (Eds.). (1993). <i>Language variation in North American English</i>. New York: Modern Language Association.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryan_A._Garner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bryan A. Garner (ikke skrevet ennå)">Garner, Bryan A.</a> (2003). <i>Garner's Modern American Usage</i>. New York: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Kenyon, John S. (1950). <i>American pronunciation</i> (10th ed.). Ann Arbor: George Wahr.</li> <li>Kortmann, Bernd; Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Mesthrie, Rajend; & Upton, Clive (Eds.). (2004). <i>A handbook of varieties of English: Morphology and syntax</i> (Vol. 2). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Labov, William (2006). <i>The Atlas of North American English</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/3110167468" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-11-016746-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AAmerikansk-engelsk&rft.aufirst=William&rft.aulast=Labov&rft.btitle=The+Atlas+of+North+American+English&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Lippi-Green, Rosina. (1997). <i>English with an accent: Language, ideology, and discrimination in the United States</i>. New York: Routedge.</li> <li>MacNeil, Robert; & Cran, William. (2005). <i>Do you speak American?: A companion to the PBS television series.</i> New York: Nan A. Talese, Doubleday.</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Mathews, Mitford M. (ed.) (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofamer0000math"><i>A Dictionary of Americanisms on Historical Principles</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AAmerikansk-engelsk&rft.aufirst=Mitford+M.+%28ed.%29&rft.aulast=Mathews&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Americanisms+on+Historical+Principles&rft.date=1951&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofamer0000math&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1-vedlikehold: Ekstra tekst: forfatterliste (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Ekstra_tekst:_forfatterliste" title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Ekstra tekst: forfatterliste">link</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Mencken, H.L. (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanlanguage00menc"><i>The American Language: An Inquiry into the Development of English in the United States (4. utgave)</i></a>. New York: Knopf.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AAmerikansk-engelsk&rft.aufirst=H.L.&rft.aulast=Mencken&rft.btitle=The+American+Language%3A+An+Inquiry+into+the+Development+of+English+in+the+United+States+%284.+utgave%29&rft.date=1936&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Knopf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanlanguage00menc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> (1921-utgaven online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/185/">www.bartleby.com/185/</a>).</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Simpson, John (ed.) (1989). <i>Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AAmerikansk-engelsk&rft.aufirst=John+%28ed.%29&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary%2C+2nd+edition&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1-vedlikehold: Ekstra tekst: forfatterliste (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Ekstra_tekst:_forfatterliste" title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Ekstra tekst: forfatterliste">link</a>)</span></li> <li>Schneider, Edgar (Ed.). (1996). <i>Focus on the USA</i>. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.</li> <li>Schneider, Edgar W.; Kortmann, Bernd; Burridge, Kate; Mesthrie, Rajend; & Upton, Clive (Eds.). (2004). <i>A handbook of varieties of English: Phonology</i> (Vol. 1). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.</li> <li>Thomas, Erik R. (2001). <i>An acoustic analysis of vowel variation in New World English</i>. Publication of American Dialect Society (No. 85). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.</li> <li>Thompson, Charles K. (1958). <i>An introduction to the phonetics of American English</i> (2. utg.). New York: The Ronald Press Co.</li> <li>Trudgill, Peter and Jean Hannah. (2002). International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English, 4th ed. London: Arnold. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0340808349" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-340-80834-9</a>.</li> <li>Wolfram, Walt; & Schilling-Estes, Natalie. (1998). <i>American English: Dialects and variation</i>. Malden, MA: Basil Blackwell.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amerikansk_engelsk-historie">Amerikansk engelsk-historie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Amerikansk engelsk-historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Amerikansk engelsk-historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Algeo, John (Ed.). (2001). <i>The Cambridge history of the English language: English in North America</i> (Vol. 6). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>Bailey, Richard W. (1991). <i>Images of English: A cultural history of the language</i>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.</li> <li>Bailey, Richard W. (2004). American English: Its origins and history. In E. Finegan & J. R. Rickford (Eds.), <i>Language in the USA: Themes for the twenty-first century</i> (pp. 3-17). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>Bryson, Bill. (1994). <i>Made in America: An informal history of the English language in the United States</i>. New York: William Morrow.</li> <li>Finegan, Edward. (2006). English in North America. In R. Hogg & D. Denison (Eds.), <i>A history of the English language</i> (s. 384-419). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>Kretzschmar, William A. (2002). American English: Melting pot or mixing bowl? In K. Lenz & R. Möhlig (Eds.), <i>Of dyuersitie and change of language: Essays presented to Manfred Görlach on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday</i> (s. 224-239). Heidelberg: C. Winter.</li> <li>Mathews, Mitford. (1931). <i>The beginnings of American English</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</li> <li>Read, Allen Walker. (2002). <i>Milestones in the history of English in America</i>. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regionale_variasjoner">Regionale variasjoner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Regionale variasjoner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Regionale variasjoner"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Allen, Harold B. (1973-6). <i>The linguistic atlas of the Upper Midwest</i> (3 Vols). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.</li> <li>Atwood, E. Bagby. (1953). <i>A survey of verb forms in the eastern United States</i>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.</li> <li>Carver, Craig M. (1987). <i>American regional dialects: A word geography</i>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0472100769" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-472-10076-9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Kurath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Kurath (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kurath, Hans</a>, <i>et al.</i> (1939–43). <i>Linguistic atlas of New England</i> (6 Vols). Providence: Brown University for the American Council of Learned Societies.</li> <li>Kurath, Hans. (1949). <i>A word geography of the eastern United States</i>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.</li> <li>Kurath, Hans; & McDavid, Raven I., Jr. (1961). <i>The pronunciation of English in the Atlantic states</i>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.</li> <li>McDavid, Raven I., Jr. (1979). <i>Dialects in culture</i>. W. Kretzschmar (Ed.). Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.</li> <li>McDavid, Raven I., Jr. (1980). <i>Varieties of American English</i>. A. Dil (Ed.). Stanford: Stanford University Press.</li> <li>Metcalf, Allan. (2000). <i>How we talk: American regional English today</i> Houghton Mifflin Company. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0618043624" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-618-04362-4</a></li> <li>Pederson, Lee; McDaniel, Susan L.; & Adams, Carol M. (eds.). (1986–92). <i>Linguistic atlas of the gulf states</i> (7 Vols). Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sosiale_variasjoner">Sosiale variasjoner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Sosiale variasjoner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sosiale variasjoner"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Afrikansk_amerikansk">Afrikansk amerikansk</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Afrikansk amerikansk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Afrikansk amerikansk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bailey, Guy; Maynor, Natalie; & Cukor-Avila (Eds.). (1991). <i>The emergence of Black English: Text and commentary</i>. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.</li> <li>Green, Lisa. (2002). <i>African American English: A linguistic introduction</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>Labov, William. (1972). <i>Language in the inner city: Studies in Black English Vernacular</i>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.</li> <li>Lanehart, Sonja L. (Ed.). (2001). <i>Sociocultural and historical contexts of African American English</i>. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.</li> <li>Mufwene, Salikoko; Rickford, John R.; Bailey, Guy; & Baugh, John (Eds.). (1998). <i>African American Vernacular English</i>. London: Routledge.</li> <li>Rickford, John R. (1999). <i>African American Vernacular English: Features, evolution, and educational implications</i>. Oxford: Blackwell.</li> <li>Wolfram, Walt. (1969). <i>A sociolinguistic description of Detroit negro speech</i>. Urban linguistic series (No. 5). Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics.</li> <li>Wolfram, Walt; & Thomas, Erik. (2002). <i>The development of African American English: Evidence from an isolated community</i>. Malden, MA: Blackwell.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Amerikansk_indisk">Amerikansk indisk</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Amerikansk indisk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Amerikansk indisk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Leap, William L. (1993). <i>American Indian English</i>. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Latinamerikansk">Latinamerikansk</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Latinamerikansk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Latinamerikansk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bayley, Robert; & Santa Ana, Otto. (2004). Chicano English grammar. In B. Kortmann, E. W. Schneider, K. Burridge, R. Mesthrie, & C. Upton (Eds.), <i>A handbook of varieties of English: Morphology and syntax</i> (Vol. 2, s. 167-183). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.</li> <li>Fought, Carmen. (2003). <i>Chicano English in context</i>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.</li> <li>Galindo, Letticia D. (1987). Linguistic influence and variation of the English of Chicano adolescents in Austin, Texas. (PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin).</li> <li>Santa Ana, Otto. (1993). Chicano English and the Chicano language setting. <i>Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences</i>, <i>15</i> (1), 1-35.</li> <li>Santa Ana, Otto; & Bayley, Robert. (2004). Chicano English phonology. In E. W. Schneider, B. Kortmann, K. Burridge, R. Mesthrie, & C. Upton (Eds.), <i>A handbook of varieties of English: Phonology</i> (Vol. 1, s. 407-424). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.</li> <li>Wolfram, Walt. (1974). <i>Sociolinguistic aspects of assimilation: Puerto Rican English in New York City</i>. Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visuelle_medier">Visuelle medier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Visuelle medier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Visuelle medier"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cran, William (Producer, Director, Writer); Buchanan, Christopher (Producer); & MacNeil, Robert (Writer). (2005). <i>Do you speak American?</i> [Dokumentar]. New York: Center for New American Media.</li> <li>Kolker, Andrew; & Alvarez, Louis (Producers, Directors). (1987). <i>American tongues: A documentary about the way people talk in the U.S.</i> [Dokumentar]. Hohokus, NJ: Center for New American Media.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fotnoter">Fotnoter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fotnoter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fotnoter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Crystal, David (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishasgloball0000crys"><i>English as a Global Language</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0521530326" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-53032-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AAmerikansk-engelsk&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.btitle=English+as+a+Global+Language&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishasgloball0000crys&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Trudgill, s. 46-47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Labov, s. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Ifølge <i>Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, Ellevte utgave</i>. For de som smelter sammen <i>caught</i> og <i>cot</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/ɔ/</span> bør forstås som vokalen de har i både <i>caught</i> og <i>cot</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.infoplease.com/ipd/A0731165.html">[1]</a>, <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080109040108/http://www.bartleby.com/61/55/W0025500.html">«Arkivert kopi»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/61/55/W0025500.html">originalen</a> 9. januar 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 29. mai 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AAmerikansk-engelsk&rft.btitle=Arkivert+kopi&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F61%2F55%2FW0025500.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/want">[2]</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikansk-engelsk&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013024913/http://freeshells.ch/~xavier/accentmap/">Amerikansk regionalt aksentskart</a> basert på resultatet fra online-quizer</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/speak/">Snakker du amerikansk</a>: PBS-spesial</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070625071039/http://cfprod01.imt.uwm.edu/Dept/FLL/linguistics/dialect/">Dialektundersøkelse</a> i USA, av Bert Vaux <i>et al.</i>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>. Svar på diverse spørsmål om uttalelse, ordbruk etc.. Kan være i sammenheng med regioner hvor de er dominerende</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713193617/http://us.english.uga.edu/cgi-bin/lapsite.fcgi/">Lingvistiske kartprosjekter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ling.upenn.edu/phono_atlas/home.html">Fonologiske atlas av Nord-Amerika</a> ved <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peak.org/~jeremy/dictionary/">Ordbok Amerikansk-britisk britisk-amerikansk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080515235003/http://www.peak.org/~jeremy/dictionary/">Arkivert</a> 15. mai 2008 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080821121056/http://classweb.gmu.edu/accent/">Aksentsarkiv</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-english.org/">World English Organization</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esuus.org">Engelsketalende unionen av amerikas stater</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/words_list/british_american.htm">Britisk, amerikansk og australsk engelsk – liste og online-øvelser</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080111053737/http://www.globalenglishsalon.com/">Lytt til talt amerikansk engelsk (midwest)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/dare/dare.html">Ordbok over amerikansk regional engelsk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090227063412/http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/dare/dare.html">Arkivert</a> 27. februar 2009 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popvssoda.com/">The Great Pop Vs. 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