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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Hadj&returntoquery=section%3D7%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Hadj&returntoquery=section%3D7%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Hadj&returntoquery=section%3D7%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Hadj&returntoquery=section%3D7%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mekka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mekka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mekka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mekka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oemra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oemra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Oemra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oemra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_eerste_nacht" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_eerste_nacht"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>De eerste nacht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_eerste_nacht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Het_Offerfeest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Het_Offerfeest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Het Offerfeest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Het_Offerfeest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hadji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Hadji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incidenten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incidenten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Incidenten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incidenten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economie_en_politiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economie_en_politiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economie en politiek</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economie_en_politiek-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Economie en politiek-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economie_en_politiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hadj-visum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadj-visum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Hadj-visum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadj-visum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Noten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bronnen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hadj</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 122 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-122" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">122 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji" title="Haji – Atjehs" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Haji" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atjehs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadj" title="Hadj – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hadj" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hach" title="Al-Hach – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Al-Hach" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="الحج في الإسلام – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحج في الإسلام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC_%D9%81_%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="لحج ف لإسلام – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لحج ف لإسلام" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C" title="হজ্জ – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হজ্জ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A4ajj" title="Ḥajj – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ḥajj" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="ХӀаж – Avarisch" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ХӀаж" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99cc" title="Həcc – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Həcc" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Хаж – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хаж" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Хадж – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хадж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Хадж – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хадж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Хадж – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хадж" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9C" title="हज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji" title="Haji – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Haji" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C" title="হজ্জ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হজ্জ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Had%C5%BE" title="Hadž – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hadž" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Хьаж – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хьаж" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%95%D8%AC" title="حەج – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="حەج" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C4%B1l%C4%B1q" title="Acılıq – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Acılıq" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Had%C5%BEd%C5%BE" title="Hadždž – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hadždž" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CA%92i" title="Aʒi – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Aʒi" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haddsch" title="Haddsch – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Haddsch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%99%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%96%DE%AA" title="ޙައްޖު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޙައްޖު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B6" title="Χατζ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χατζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C4%9Do" title="Haĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Haĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hach" title="Hach – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hach" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Had%C5%BE" title="Hadž – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hadž" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj" title="Haj – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Haj" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC" title="حج – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Had%C5%BE" title="Hadž – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hadž" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%9C" title="હજ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હજ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikin_Hajji" title="Aikin Hajji – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Aikin Hajji" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%92%27" title="חג' – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חג'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9C" title="हज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Had%C5%BE" title="Hadž – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hadž" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkai_zar%C3%A1ndoklat" title="Mekkai zarándoklat – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mekkai zarándoklat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%BB" title="Հաջ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հաջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadj" title="Hadj – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hadj" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji" title="Haji – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Haji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Хьажол – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Хьажол" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadj" title="Hadj – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hadj" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadsj%C3%AD" title="Hadsjí – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hadsjí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A4ajj" title="Ḥajj – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ḥajj" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8" title="ハッジ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハッジ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaji" title="Kaji – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kaji" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98" title="ჰაჯი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰაჯი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%B8%A5e%C7%A7%C7%A7_di_tneslemt" title="Lḥeǧǧ di tneslemt – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Lḥeǧǧ di tneslemt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji" title="Haji – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Haji" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Қажылық – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қажылық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D" title="ಹಜ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಜ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%A6%88" title="하즈 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8E%D8%AC" title="حَج – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="حَج" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hec" title="Hec – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hec" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Ажылык – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ажылык" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagga" title="Hagga – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hagga" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haddsch" title="Haddsch – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Haddsch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="ХӀаж – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ХӀаж" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad%C5%BEas" title="Chadžas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chadžas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%81d%C5%BEs" title="Hādžs – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hādžs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fivahiniana_masina_(silamo)" title="Fivahiniana masina (silamo) – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fivahiniana masina (silamo)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji" title="Haji – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Haji" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Аџилак – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аџилак" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="ഹജ്ജ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹജ്ജ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9C" title="हज – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji" title="Haji – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Haji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9C" title="हज – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadj" title="Hadj – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hadj" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%93%DF%8A%DF%95%DF%8F" title="ߡߊ߬ߓߊߕߏ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߡߊ߬ߓߊߕߏ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%9C" title="ହଜ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହଜ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9C" title="ਹੱਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੱਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Had%C5%BCd%C5%BC" title="Hadżdż – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hadżdż" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC" title="حج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="حج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC" title="حج – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="حج" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haje" title="Haje – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Haje" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagi" title="Hagi – Aroemeens" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Hagi" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aroemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Хадж – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хадж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC" title="حج – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="حج" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Had%C5%BE" title="Hadž – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hadž" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A" title="හජ් – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හජ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Had%C5%BEd%C5%BE" title="Hadždž – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hadždž" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC" title="حج – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="حج" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Had%C5%BE" title="Hadž – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hadž" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xaj" title="Xaj – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Xaj" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haxhill%C3%ABku" title="Haxhillëku – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Haxhillëku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Had%C5%BEiluk" title="Hadžiluk – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Hadžiluk" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji" title="Haji – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Haji" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8D" title="ஹஜ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஹஜ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D" title="హజ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హజ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D2%B7" title="Ҳаҷ – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳаҷ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%8C" title="ฮัจญ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮัจญ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hac_(%C4%B0slam)" title="Hac (İslam) – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hac (İslam)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D2%97" title="Хаҗ – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хаҗ" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Хадж – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хадж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC" title="حج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj" title="Haj – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Haj" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hajj" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj" title="Haj – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Haj" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%A7%90%EF%BC%88%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%EF%BC%89" title="朝觐（伊斯兰教） – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="朝觐（伊斯兰教）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%93%D7%96%D7%A9" title="האדזש – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="האדזש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1j%C3%AC" title="Hájì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Hájì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%A7%90_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99)" title="朝觐 (伊斯兰教) – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="朝觐 (伊斯兰教)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%9D%E8%81%96" title="伊斯蘭教朝聖 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊斯蘭教朝聖" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q234915#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hadj" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Hadj" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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[e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hadj"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Hadj" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Hadj" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina's [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&oldid=68281765" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Hadj&id=68281765&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DHadj%26section%3D7%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DHadj%26section%3D7%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Hadj"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hadj&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hajj" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q234915" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Kaaba_Mirror_like.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kaaba_Mirror_like.jpg/300px-Kaaba_Mirror_like.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kaaba_Mirror_like.jpg/450px-Kaaba_Mirror_like.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kaaba_Mirror_like.jpg/600px-Kaaba_Mirror_like.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>Moslims maken de rondgang om de <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%A4ba" title="Kaäba">Kaäba</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Tavaf-ms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tavaf-ms.svg/300px-Tavaf-ms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="381" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tavaf-ms.svg/450px-Tavaf-ms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tavaf-ms.svg/600px-Tavaf-ms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="325" /></a><figcaption>Enkele rituelen van de hadj.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:La_Mecque_pelerinage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/La_Mecque_pelerinage.png/300px-La_Mecque_pelerinage.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/La_Mecque_pelerinage.png/450px-La_Mecque_pelerinage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/La_Mecque_pelerinage.png/600px-La_Mecque_pelerinage.png 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>Samenvatting van de hadj.</figcaption></figure> <p>De <b>hadj</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch">Arabisch</a>: الحجّ) is de <b>pelgrimstocht naar Mekka</b>, een van de <a href="/wiki/Vijf_zuilen_van_de_islam" title="Vijf zuilen van de islam">vijf zuilen van de islam</a>. De hadj is verplicht voor alle gezonde, volwassen <a href="/wiki/Moslim" title="Moslim">moslims</a> die over voldoende geld beschikken. Voor mensen die om gezondheidsredenen niet kunnen gaan, of niet genoeg geld hebben, is het dus geen verplichting. Wel kan iemand die zelf de hadj al verricht heeft, in naam van iemand gaan die daartoe niet in staat is, ook namens een overledene. In 2015 namen naar schatting 2 miljoen mensen deel aan de hadj.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mekka">Mekka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Mekka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Mekka"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mekka_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekka (hoofdbetekenis)">Mekka</a> was al lang <a href="/wiki/Jahiliyya" title="Jahiliyya">voor de opkomst van de islam</a> een belangrijke heilige plek, waar ten tijde van de opkomst van de islam verscheidene <a href="/wiki/Natuurgodsdienst" title="Natuurgodsdienst">natuurgoden</a> en andere goden aanbeden werden. Dat had ook te maken met de vele <a href="/wiki/Karavaan" title="Karavaan">karavaanroutes</a> die hier samenkwamen. De <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%A4ba" title="Kaäba">Kaäba</a> was ook voor de tijd van <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed (hoofdbetekenis)">Mohammed</a> een <a href="/wiki/Heiligdom" title="Heiligdom">heiligdom</a>, waarbij de <a href="/wiki/Zwarte_Steen_(Mekka)" title="Zwarte Steen (Mekka)">Zwarte Steen</a> een bijzondere plaats innam. </p><p>Moslims geloven dat de Kaäba door <a href="/wiki/Adam_(islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam (islam)">Adam</a> is gebouwd. Daarop heeft <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_(profeet)" title="Ibrahim (profeet)">Ibrahim</a> de Kaäba samen met zijn zoon <a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%ABl" title="Ismaël">Ismaïl</a> herbouwd, nadat die tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Zondvloed" title="Zondvloed">zondvloed</a> was verwoest. De Zwarte Steen zou door de engel <a href="/wiki/Djibriel" title="Djibriel">Djibriel</a> geschonken zijn of uit de hemel zijn neergedaald. </p><p>Nadat Mohammed (570-632) de <a href="/wiki/Islam_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam (hoofdbetekenis)">islam</a> verspreid had, werd Mekka nog belangrijker en werd een bezoek aan Mekka voor de moslims verplicht (voor zieke en in armoede levende moslims wordt een uitzondering gemaakt). Mekka is verboden terrein voor <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_visies_op_niet-moslims" title="Islamitische visies op niet-moslims">niet-moslims</a> en de enige manier voor hen om er dan een kijkje te nemen is via moslims, die naderhand kunnen verhalen over de waarde en betekenis die moslims hechten aan deze spirituele reis. Toch krijgen filmploegen - ook niet-moslims uit westerse landen - incidenteel toestemming om opnamen te maken. </p><p>De islamitische bedevaart is te onderscheiden in twee onderdelen: de oemra en de hadj. De hadj vindt plaats van de 8e tot de 12e dag van de <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_kalender" title="Islamitische kalender">maand hijja</a>. De oemra kan ook los worden uitgevoerd en is niet tijdgebonden en wordt ook wel de kleine bedevaart genoemd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oemra">Oemra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Oemra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Oemra"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Voordat de <a href="/wiki/Pelgrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelgrim">pelgrims</a> in Mekka aankomen moeten zij een staat van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirituele_reinheid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spirituele reinheid (de pagina bestaat niet)">spirituele reinheid</a> (<i>ihram</i>) aannemen. Daartoe verrichten de pelgrims op door Mohammed aangewezen plaatsen een <a href="/wiki/Reiniging_(religie)" title="Reiniging (religie)">rituele wassing</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ghoesl" title="Ghoesl">ghoesl</a></i>) en moeten mannen hun dagelijkse kledij inruilen voor <a href="/wiki/Ihram" title="Ihram">ihram</a>-kleding, bestaande uit twee ongenaaide witte doeken die om het middel en over de schouder gedragen worden. Daardoor bestaat er geen uiterlijk onderscheid meer tussen rijk en arm. Vrouwen dragen bij voorkeur zwarte kleding, waar verder geen bijzondere eisen aan gesteld worden. </p><p>Bij aankomst in Mekka is het eerste ritueel de <i>tawaaf</i>. Hierbij loopt de pelgrim onder het uitspreken van smeekbeden zeven keer rond de Kaäba, het kubusvormige "Huis van <a href="/wiki/God_(islam)" title="God (islam)">God</a>" ("Baitullah"), die het hart van de moskee vormt en die ieder jaar opnieuw van een rijk bewerkt omhulsel ("kiswah") voorzien wordt: een zwarte <a href="/wiki/Brokaat" title="Brokaat">brokaten</a> doek, met daarop in gouddraad geborduurde <a href="/wiki/Aya" title="Aya">Koranverzen</a>. Links van de ingang van de Kaäba bevindt zich de Zwarte Steen, die volgens een overlevering ooit wit was, maar door de zonden van de mens zwart werd. </p><p>Daarna volgt een ritueel dat <i>sa'i</i> genoemd wordt: zoals Hadjar (<a href="/wiki/Hagar" title="Hagar">Hagar</a>) wanhopig tussen twee heuvels (Safa en Marwah) heen en weer liep op zoek naar water voor zichzelf en haar zoon Ismaïl toen zij door Ibrahim in de woestijn waren achtergelaten, lopen de pelgrims zevenmaal tussen deze heuvels heen en weer. </p><p>Nadat Hadjar zevenmaal heen en weer had gelopen verscheen de engel Djibriel en wees haar op een bron die aan de voeten van Ismaïl ontsprongen was. Zij noemde die bron <a href="/wiki/Zamzam" title="Zamzam">Zamzam</a> en het water daaruit wordt tijdens de bedevaart veelvuldig door de pelgrims gedronken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_eerste_nacht">De eerste nacht</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: De eerste nacht" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: De eerste nacht"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Haji_pilgrimage_mina_tent_city.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Haji_pilgrimage_mina_tent_city.jpg/300px-Haji_pilgrimage_mina_tent_city.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Haji_pilgrimage_mina_tent_city.jpg/450px-Haji_pilgrimage_mina_tent_city.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Haji_pilgrimage_mina_tent_city.jpg/600px-Haji_pilgrimage_mina_tent_city.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2717" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Tentenkamp in Mina.</figcaption></figure> <p>Na de overnachting in een enorm tentenkamp in <a href="/wiki/Mina_(Arabi%C3%AB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mina (Arabië)">Mina</a> gaat de hadj verder en bezoeken de honderdduizenden moslims de <a href="/wiki/Vlakte_van_Arafat" title="Vlakte van Arafat">vlakte van Arafat</a>, een als zeer belangrijk aangemerkte plek in de woestijn waar men tot bezinning kan komen. </p><p>Na deze bezinning gaan de bedevaartgangers terug naar <a href="/wiki/Mina_(Arabi%C3%AB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mina (Arabië)">Mina</a>, waar iedere bedevaartganger 7 steentjes verzamelt. Deze steentjes worden gebruikt in de <i><a href="/wiki/Steniging_van_de_Duivel" title="Steniging van de Duivel">jamrah</a></i>; de rituele <a href="/wiki/Steniging_van_de_Duivel" title="Steniging van de Duivel">Steniging van de Duivel</a>, die naar verluidt Ibrahim zou hebben verleid om geen gehoor te geven aan Gods bevel om zijn zoon <a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%ABl" title="Ismaël">Ismaïl</a> te offeren. De plekken waar de duivel ooit aan Ibrahim verscheen worden gesymboliseerd door drie zuilen, waar het dan ook miljoenen steentjes regent. </p><p>De verkeersdrukte in het gebied tijdens de hadj is enorm; het aantal pelgrims is door de jaren heen sterk gegroeid en de hadj kent een beperkte duur, slechts vijf dagen. De verstopte wegen waren de reden om de <a href="/wiki/Metro_van_Mekka" title="Metro van Mekka">metro van Mekka</a> te bouwen. De metrolijn volgt de route van de pelgrims, vanuit Mekka via Mina naar het eindpunt, de vlakte van Arafat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Het_Offerfeest">Het Offerfeest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Het Offerfeest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Het Offerfeest"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een van de laatste rituelen van de driedaagse ceremonie is het <a href="/wiki/Offerfeest" title="Offerfeest">Offerfeest</a>, dat tegelijkertijd ook in de rest van de islamitische wereld plaatsvindt. Ook dit ritueel heeft te maken met het verhaal van Ibrahim (dat grotendeels overeenkomt met het verhaal van <a href="/wiki/Abraham_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham (hoofdbetekenis)">Abraham</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Bijbel_(christendom)" title="Bijbel (christendom)">Bijbel</a>): vlak voordat hij zijn zoon wilde offeren, verruilde God zijn zoon met een <a href="/wiki/Schaap_(dier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schaap (dier)">ram</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> om te offeren. De islamitische traditie vermeldt dat het om zijn zoon Ismaïl zou gaan. Het vlees van de geofferde kamelen, runderen, schapen en geiten wordt grotendeels uitgedeeld aan behoeftigen. Tegenwoordig wordt het vlees ook ingevroren en geëxporteerd naar gebieden waar hongersnood heerst. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hadji">Hadji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Hadji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Hadji"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al tijdens het Offerfeest maakt een grote opluchting zich meester van de pelgrims. Ze hebben een van de belangrijkste plichten van een moslim vervuld en mogen zich nu <a href="/wiki/Hadji_(titel)" title="Hadji (titel)">hadji</a> noemen: een moslim die de <a href="/wiki/Bedevaart" title="Bedevaart">pelgrimstocht</a> naar Mekka heeft afgelegd. Trots en tevreden keren ze terug naar huis, in de hoop dat ze alles oprecht genoeg gedaan hebben en dat God hun pelgrimstocht zal aanvaarden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incidenten">Incidenten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Incidenten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Incidenten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tijdens de hadj is het een enorme drukte in Mekka. Twee miljoen mensen verblijven op een relatief klein gebied. Bovendien kan de middagtemperatuur makkelijk oplopen tot boven de 40 graden. Bij de hadj sterven regelmatig moslims, veelal als gevolg van paniek waardoor mensen in de menigte vertrapt worden. Bovendien kan men makkelijk een <a href="/wiki/Zonnesteek" title="Zonnesteek">zonnesteek</a> oplopen.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Omdat er miljoenen pelgrims zijn vallen er, ondanks maatregelen van de Saoedische overheid, soms ook grotere groepen slachtoffers.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moslims hebben regelmatig kritiek op de in hun ogen gebrekkige organisatie van de hadj door de Saoedische regering. </p> <ul><li>In december 1975 stierven 200 pelgrims ten gevolge van een brand in een tentenkamp.</li> <li>Op 31 juli 1987 stierven 402 mensen, vooral <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iraniërs</a>, in Mekka bij confrontaties met de Saoedische <a href="/wiki/Oproerpolitie" title="Oproerpolitie">oproerpolitie</a> tijdens <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Saoedische_betogingen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-Saoedische betogingen (de pagina bestaat niet)">anti-Saoedische betogingen</a>.</li> <li>Op 2 juli 1990 stierven 1426 pelgrims bij paniek in een <a href="/wiki/Voetgangerstunnel" title="Voetgangerstunnel">voetgangerstunnel</a>.</li> <li>Op 23 mei 1994 werden ten minste 270 pelgrims gedood tijdens het <a href="/wiki/Stenigen_van_de_duivel" class="mw-redirect" title="Stenigen van de duivel">stenigen van de duivel</a>.</li> <li>Op 15 april 1997 vielen er 343 doden en ca. 1500 gewonden tijdens een brand in het tentenkamp in <a href="/wiki/Mina_(Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB)" title="Mina (Saoedi-Arabië)">Mina</a>.</li> <li>Op 9 april 1998 werden ten minste 118 pelgrims vertrapt en 180 gewond.</li> <li>Op 5 maart 2001 werden 35 pelgrims vertrapt tijdens het stenigen van de duivel.</li> <li>Op 11 februari 2003 vielen 13 doden tijdens het stenigen van de duivel.</li> <li>Op 1 februari 2004 stierven 251 pelgrims in een stormloop tijdens hetzelfde ritueel.</li> <li>Op 23 januari 2005 overleden ten minste 138 pelgrims doordat een voetgangerstunnel tijdens <a href="/wiki/Regen_(neerslag)" title="Regen (neerslag)">hevige regenval</a> onder water liep.</li> <li>Op 5 januari 2006 overleden 76 pelgrims toen het hotel waar zij verbleven instortte.</li> <li>Op 12 januari 2006 kwamen 362 pelgrims om tijdens het ritueel van het stenigen van de duivel.</li> <li>Op 11 september 2015, bijna twee weken voor de hadj, vielen er 118 doden en raakten meer dan 230 mensen gewond toen tijdens een zware storm een bouwkraan op het dak van de <a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_al-Haram" title="Al-Masjid al-Haram">Grote Moskee</a> viel.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Op 24 september 2015 vielen 2236 doden door verdrukkingen in Mina, een voorstad van Mekka.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tussen 14 en 19 juni 2024 stierven ten minste 1.301 pelgrims - vooral arme moslims uit Egypte<sup id="cite_ref-ds24jun24_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ds24jun24-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - door de extreme hitte, met temperaturen van meer dan 50°C.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eén persoon werd vertrappeld in de drukte.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economie_en_politiek">Economie en politiek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Economie en politiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Economie en politiek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toerisme naar Saoedi-Arabië behelst vrijwel uitsluitend pelgrimsreizen. Vooral voor de hadj wordt vaak lange tijd gespaard. De hadj en de oemrah vormen niet te verwaarlozen inkomstenposten voor de Saoedische overheid. Hoewel de olie-inkomsten veel belangrijker zijn voor het land, vormen de inkomsten uit toerisme een niet onwelkome aanvulling. De gemiddelde buitenlandse pelgrim spendeerde in 2014 aan de hadj USD 4.633,-. In totaal bedroegen dat jaar de inkomsten uit toerisme USD 18,6 miljard, waarvan USD 8,5 miljard uit de hadj en USD 10,1 miljard uit de oemrah.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes.com_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Een neveneffect van de hadj is een stijging van de grondprijzen in Mekka en het verrijzen van luxehotels rond de bedevaartsoorden.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De controle over de twee heilige steden Mekka en Medina, en de mogelijkheid pelgrims uit een bepaald land te weigeren, vormen een bron van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_power&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soft power (de pagina bestaat niet)">soft power</a> en een belangrijk politiek pressiemiddel van de regering van Saoedi-Arabië, waarvan het staatshoofd, de koning, tevens de titel voert van <i>Wachter van de Heilige Plaatsen</i> (<i>Ḫādim al-Ḥaramayn aš-Šarīfayn</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hadj-visum">Hadj-visum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Hadj-visum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Hadj-visum"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Om aan de hadj te mogen deelnemen dient men niet slechts een verblijfstitel voor Saoedi-Arabië, maar ook speciale toestemming voor deelname aan de hadj te verkrijgen. Op deze wijze probeert de Saoedische overheid de enorme drukte in en om Mekka enigszins te reguleren. Ieder jaar wordt per land een nieuw pelgrimsquotum vastgesteld, waarin gemiddeld per jaar 1 op iedere 1.000 moslims in dat land toestemming krijgt. Hoewel hierbij in aanmerking moet worden genomen dat de groep die daadwerkelijk op hadj wil veel kleiner is, betekent het toch dat maar een klein deel van de aanvragers zijn of haar verzoek gehonoreerd ziet. Wel kan men het ieder jaar opnieuw proberen. Er bestaat kritiek dat de toewijzing arbitrair is; sommige mensen krijgen nooit toestemming voor de hadj, anderen mogen meerdere keren. Politiek kan hier zoals gezegd ook een rol spelen: vanwege politieke strubbelingen tussen Saoedi-Arabië en Iran konden in 2016 geen Iraanse pelgrims aan de hadj deelnemen. Vanwege het beperkt aantal toelatingen, en de hoge prijs ervan (officiële tochten kosten algauw 5.000 euro of meer),<sup id="cite_ref-ds24jun24_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ds24jun24-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proberen veel – vooral arme moslims uit Egypte - “illegaal” aan de hadj deel te nemen, via bemiddelingsbureaus en met een toeristen<a href="/wiki/Visum" title="Visum">visum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ds24jun24_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ds24jun24-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De politie tracht hen aan de stadsgrenzen van Mekka weg te sturen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_islamitische_termen_in_het_Arabisch" title="Lijst van islamitische termen in het Arabisch">Lijst van islamitische termen in het Arabisch</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadj&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Nederlands">(<span>nl</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadj.nl">hadj.nl</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Arabisch">(<span>ar</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://haj.gov.sa/">Ministry of Hajj and Umrah</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ehaj.haj.gov.sa/">Unified Portal for External Haj</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><div style="margin-top:-16px"></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noten">Noten</h2></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-forbes.com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-forbes.com_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-forbes.com_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sola K., Forbes, Breaking With Iran Could Cost Saudi Arabia Billions in Revenue From Pilgrims, www.forbes.com/sites/katiesola/2016/01/05/saudi-arabia-iran/#414a0fbf7610 (2016).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Geschiedenis van de Profeten</i>, Ibn Kathir, Nederlandse vertaling M. Oktem, Uitgeverij Noer, 2006, blz. 115: <i> Volgens de mening van de meeste geleerden, was het offerdier een witte ram met heldere ogen en stevige hoorns, die Ibrahim vastgebonden vond aan een doornachtige plant op de berg Thabir in Mekka.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dawn.com, Witnesses blame Saudi officials for Haj horror, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1209253">https://www.dawn.com/news/1209253</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230521141806/https://www.dawn.com/news/1209253">Gearchiveerd</a> op 21 mei 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trouw.nl/home/vaak-ongelukken-in-mekka~a129d034/">Krantenarchief Dagblad Trouw, 16 april 1997</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421214442/https://www.trouw.nl/home/vaak-ongelukken-in-mekka~a129d034/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 21 april 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/pelgrimstocht-mekka-eindigt-met-244-doden-in-gedrang~b6bd068d/">Website De Volkskrant, bijgewerkt 22 januari 2006</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421195843/https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/pelgrimstocht-mekka-eindigt-met-244-doden-in-gedrang~b6bd068d/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 21 april 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/artikel/2057386-koning-saudi-arabie-bezoekt-rampplek-mekka.html">Koning Saudi-Arabië bezoekt rampplek Mekka</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS.nl</a>, 13 september 2015</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702035537/https://nos.nl/artikel/2057386-koning-saudi-arabie-bezoekt-rampplek-mekka.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2018-07-02">2 juli 2018</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20151129083135/http://www.afp.com/en/news/iran-says-tests-will-show-cause-diplomats-death-saudi#selection-683.193-687.173">Iran says tests will show cause of diplomat's death in Saudi</a> AFP, 27 November 2015. Geraadpleegd op 10 februari 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ds24jun24-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ds24jun24_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ds24jun24_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ds24jun24_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2024"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standaard.be/cnt/dmf20240624_95796827">Vooral arme pelgrims kwamen om door hitte tijdens bedevaart naar Mekka</a>. <a href="/wiki/De_Standaard" title="De Standaard">De Standaard</a> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-06-24">24 juni 2024</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240624161310/https://www.standaard.be/cnt/dmf20240624_95796827">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-06-24">24 juni 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/18/hundreds-of-hajj-pilgrims-die-in-mecca-from-heat-related-illness">More than 550 hajj pilgrims die in Mecca as temperatures exceed 50C | Hajj | The Guardian</a>". Geraadpleegd op 18 June 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2024"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/saudi-arabia-hajj-egyptian-jordanian-pilgrims-die-mecca/">More than 300 Egyptians die from heat during Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia, diplomats say</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-06-18">18 juni 2024</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240619005602/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/saudi-arabia-hajj-egyptian-jordanian-pilgrims-die-mecca/">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-06-19">19 juni 2024</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-06-19">19 juni 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maher A., BBC Arabic, The economics of hajj: money and pilgrimage, www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-20067809, 25 oktober 2012</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnen">Bronnen</h2></div> <ul><li>Sofjan S. Siregar: <i>Basisboek islam</i>, Den Haag, 2002</li> <li>Malcolm Clark: <i>Islam voor Dummies</i>, Amsterdam, 2004, <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90-4300-845-1" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90-4300-845-1">ISBN 90-4300-845-1</a></span></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Islam_(portaal)"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_islam" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie islam"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nl:Overleg_sjabloon:Navigatie_islam" title="Overleg sjabloon"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 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class="mw-file-description" title="Maan en ster"><img alt="Maan en ster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/24px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/36px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/48px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></a></span></div> <div id="Islam_(portaal)" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Portaal:Islam" title="Portaal:Islam">portaal</a>)</small></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b><a href="/wiki/Islam_van_A_tot_Z" title="Islam van A tot Z">Algemeen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Adab_(Arabisch)" title="Adab (Arabisch)">Adab</a> · <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dawa" title="Dawa">Dawa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fitra" title="Fitra">Fitra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tawhied" title="Tawhied">Tawhied</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ummah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ummah">Ummah</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zuilen_van_geloof" title="Zuilen van geloof">Zuilen van geloof</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Vijf_zuilen_van_de_islam" title="Vijf zuilen van de islam">Vijf zuilen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Sjahada" title="Sjahada">Sjahada</a> · <a href="/wiki/Salat_(islam)" title="Salat (islam)">Salat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Siyam</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hadj</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Islamitische_kalender" title="Islamitische kalender">Kalender</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Dag_van_Arafat" title="Dag van Arafat">Arafat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Asjoera" title="Asjoera">Asjoera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gezegende_Nachten" class="mw-redirect" title="Gezegende Nachten">Gezegende Nachten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamitisch_Nieuwjaar" title="Islamitisch Nieuwjaar">Islamitisch Nieuwjaar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Offerfeest" title="Offerfeest">Offerfeest</a> · <a href="/wiki/Suikerfeest" title="Suikerfeest">Suikerfeest</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Moslim" title="Moslim">Personen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Asharatu_mubashirun" title="Asharatu mubashirun">10 mubashirun</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Boodschapper_(islam)" title="Boodschapper (islam)">Boodschappers</a> · <a href="/wiki/Muhajirun" title="Muhajirun">Emigranten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ansaar" title="Ansaar">Helpers</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kinderen_van_Mohammed" title="Kinderen van Mohammed">Kinderen van Mohammed</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mahdi_(islam)" title="Mahdi (islam)">Mahdi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sahaba" title="Sahaba">Metgezellen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vrouwen_van_Mohammed" title="Vrouwen van Mohammed">Moeders der Gelovigen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed">Mohammed</a> · <a href="/wiki/Profeten_in_de_islam" title="Profeten in de islam">Profeten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rechtgeleide kaliefen</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Stromingen_in_de_islam" title="Stromingen in de islam">Stromingen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_(geloofsgemeenschap)" title="Ahmadiyya (geloofsgemeenschap)">Ahmadiyya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kharidjisme" title="Kharidjisme">Kharidjisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koranisme" title="Koranisme">Koranisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moetazilisme" title="Moetazilisme">Moetazilisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Qadarisme" title="Qadarisme">Qadarisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sjiisme" title="Sjiisme">Sjiisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Soefisme" title="Soefisme">Soefisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Soennisme" title="Soennisme">Soennisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Volksislam" title="Volksislam">Volksislam</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Wet en recht</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">Fatwa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fikh" title="Fikh">Fikh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a> · <a href="/wiki/Halal_en_haram" title="Halal en haram">Halal en haram</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamitisch_bankieren" title="Islamitisch bankieren">Islamitisch bankieren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kalam_(islam)" title="Kalam (islam)">Kalam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koran</a> · <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">Madhhab</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ridda" title="Ridda">Ridda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Soenna" title="Soenna">Soenna</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme">Politiek</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Emiraat" title="Emiraat">Emiraat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Imamaat" title="Imamaat">Imamaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_monarchie" title="Islamitische monarchie">Islamitische monarchie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_republiek" title="Islamitische republiek">Islamitische republiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kalifaat" title="Kalifaat">Kalifaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sjeikdom" title="Sjeikdom">Sjeikdom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sultanaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanaat">Sultanaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wilaya" title="Wilaya">Wilaya</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_islam" title="Geschiedenis van de islam">Geschiedenis</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Beknopte_chronologie_van_de_islam" title="Beknopte chronologie van de islam">Beknopte chronologie van de islam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hidjra" title="Hidjra">Hidjra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_gouden_tijdperk" title="Islamitische gouden tijdperk">Islamitische gouden tijdperk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_veroveringen" title="Islamitische veroveringen">Islamitische veroveringen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oorsprong_van_de_islam" title="Oorsprong van de islam">Oorsprong van de islam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jahiliyya" title="Jahiliyya">Pre-islamitisch</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Wetenschap_in_de_middeleeuwse_islamitische_wereld" title="Wetenschap in de middeleeuwse islamitische wereld">Wetenschap</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Islamitische_architectuur" title="Islamitische architectuur">Architectuur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arabische_en_islamitische_astrologie" title="Arabische en islamitische astrologie">Astrologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arabische_filosofie" title="Arabische filosofie">Filosofie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Huis_der_Wijsheid" title="Huis der Wijsheid">Huis der Wijsheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_kunst" title="Islamitische kunst">Kunst</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamologie" title="Islamologie">Islamologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arabische_agrarische_revolutie" title="Arabische agrarische revolutie">Landbouw</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oelama" title="Oelama">Oelama</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Akhirah" 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