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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treaty_of_Versailles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treaty_of_Versailles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Treaty of Versailles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treaty_of_Versailles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lithuanian_takeover" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lithuanian_takeover"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lithuanian takeover</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lithuanian_takeover-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autonomous_region_within_Lithuania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autonomous_region_within_Lithuania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Autonomous region within Lithuania</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Autonomous_region_within_Lithuania-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Autonomous region within Lithuania subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Autonomous_region_within_Lithuania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Election_results_for_the_local_parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_results_for_the_local_parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Election results for the local parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_results_for_the_local_parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_ultimatum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_ultimatum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>German ultimatum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_ultimatum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Governors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directorate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directorate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Directorate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directorate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II_and_after" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II_and_after"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>World War II and after</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II_and_after-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Klaipėda Region</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memelland" title="Memelland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Memelland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="منطقة كلايبيدا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منطقة كلايبيدا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Клайпедскі край – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Клайпедскі край" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Мемелска област – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мемелска област" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territori_de_Memel" title="Territori de Memel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Territori de Memel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da-regionens_historie" title="Klaipėda-regionens historie – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Klaipėda-regionens historie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memelland" title="Memelland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Memelland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memeli_piirkond" title="Memeli piirkond – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Memeli piirkond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorio_de_Memel" title="Territorio de Memel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Territorio de Memel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memel-regiono" title="Memel-regiono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Memel-regiono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="منطقه کلایپدا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه کلایپدا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territoire_de_Memel" title="Territoire de Memel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Territoire de Memel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorio_de_Memel" title="Territorio de Memel – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Territorio de Memel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%ED%8E%98%EB%8B%A4_%EC%A7%80%EC%97%AD" title="클라이페다 지역 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="클라이페다 지역" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah_Klaip%C4%97da" title="Wilayah Klaipėda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wilayah Klaipėda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorio_di_Memel" title="Territorio di Memel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Territorio di Memel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94" title="კლაიპედის მხარე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კლაიპედის მხარე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaip%C4%93das_apgabals" title="Klaipēdas apgabals – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Klaipēdas apgabals" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaip%C4%97dos_kra%C5%A1tas" title="Klaipėdos kraštas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Klaipėdos kraštas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memellandj" title="Memellandj – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Memellandj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memel-vid%C3%A9k" title="Memel-vidék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Memel-vidék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memelland" title="Memelland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Memelland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%9A%E3%83%80%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="クライペダ地方 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クライペダ地方" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memelland" title="Memelland – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Memelland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memelland" title="Memelland – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Memelland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okr%C4%99g_K%C5%82ajpedy" title="Okręg Kłajpedy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Okręg Kłajpedy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territ%C3%B3rio_de_Memel" title="Território de Memel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Território de Memel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Клайпедский край – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клайпедский край" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memelin_mandaattihallintoalue" title="Memelin mandaattihallintoalue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Memelin mandaattihallintoalue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memelland" title="Memelland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Memelland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Клайпедський край – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клайпедський край" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="克萊佩達地區 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&params=55_27_N_21_24_E_region:LT_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°27′N</span> <span class="longitude">21°24′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.450°N 21.400°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.450; 21.400</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Memel_Territory&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Memel Territory">Memel Territory</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Area of East Prussia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Klaipėda Region</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Lithuanian-language text"><i lang="lt">Klaipėdos kraštas</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>)</span><br /><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Memelland/Memelgebiet</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1919–1923</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Klaipėda Region"><img alt="Flag of Klaipėda Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div> <div>Flag</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Klaipėda Region"><img alt="Coat of arms of Klaipėda Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="673" /></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Memelland_1923-1939.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Historical map of Memelland and the northern part of East Prussia."><img alt="Historical map of Memelland and the northern part of East Prussia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Memelland_1923-1939.png/250px-Memelland_1923-1939.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Memelland_1923-1939.png/375px-Memelland_1923-1939.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Memelland_1923-1939.png/500px-Memelland_1923-1939.png 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="560" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Historical map of Memelland and the northern part of <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Territory under <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protection</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special_territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Special territory (page does not exist)">Special territory</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region" title="Directorate of the Klaipėda Region">Presidents of the Directorate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1920–1921 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Altenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Altenberg (page does not exist)">Arthur Altenberg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1921–1923 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Steputat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Steputat (page does not exist)">Wilhelm Steputat</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1923 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Erdmann_Simoneit" class="mw-redirect" title="Erdmann Simoneit">Erdmann Simoneit</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region" title="Parliament of the Klaipėda Region">Seimelis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">Interwar period</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 January 1919</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Revolt" title="Klaipėda Revolt">Klaipėda Revolt</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10–15 January 1923</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Annexed by Lithuania </div></th><td class="infobox-data">19 January 1923</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,657 km<sup>2</sup> (1,026 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Papiermark" title="Papiermark">Papiermark</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Prussia_%281918%E2%80%931933%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Prussia_%281918%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Prussia_%281918%E2%80%931933%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Prussia_%281918%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Prussia_%281918%E2%80%931933%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Prussia_%281918%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Prussia" title="Free State of Prussia">Free State of Prussia</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_County" title="Klaipėda County">Klaipėda County</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281918%E2%80%931940%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281918%E2%80%931940%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281918%E2%80%931940%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281918%E2%80%931940%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281918%E2%80%931940%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281918%E2%80%931940%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">History of <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prussia_(region)" title="Prussia (region)">Prussia</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Brandenburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Arms_of_Brandenburg.svg/75px-Arms_of_Brandenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Arms_of_Brandenburg.svg/113px-Arms_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Arms_of_Brandenburg.svg/150px-Arms_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="378" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_East_Prussia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Arms_of_East_Prussia.svg/75px-Arms_of_East_Prussia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Arms_of_East_Prussia.svg/113px-Arms_of_East_Prussia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Arms_of_East_Prussia.svg/150px-Arms_of_East_Prussia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_March" title="Northern March">Northern March</a> (965 – 983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutici" title="Lutici">Lutician federation</a> (983 – 12th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Prussians" title="Old Prussians">Old Prussians</a> (pre – 13th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Margraviate of Brandenburg</a> (1157–1618)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Teutonic_Order" title="State of the Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a> (1224 – 1525)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_margraves_and_electors_of_Brandenburg" title="List of margraves and electors of Brandenburg">Elector of Brandenburg</a> (1356 – 1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Prussia" title="Duchy of Prussia">Duchy of Prussia</a> (1525 – 1618)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malbork_Voivodeship" title="Malbork Voivodeship">Malbork Voivodeship</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Warmia" title="Prince-Bishopric of Warmia">Prince-Bishopric of Warmia</a> within <a href="/wiki/Royal_Prussia" title="Royal Prussia">Royal (Polish) Prussia</a> (Poland 1454/1466 – 1772)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg-Prussia</a> (1618 – 1701)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> (1701 – 1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Prussia" title="Free State of Prussia">Free State of Prussia</a> (1918 – 1947)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Present</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dzia%C5%82dowo" title="Działdowo">Działdowo</a> area (from 1918)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Klaipėda Region</a> (1920–1939, from 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warmia" title="Warmia">Warmia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masuria" title="Masuria">Masuria</a> within <a href="/wiki/Recovered_Territories" title="Recovered Territories">Recovered Territories</a> (from 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a> (from 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> (1947–1952, from 1990)</li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Klaipėda Region</b> (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>: <i lang="lt">Klaipėdos kraštas</i>) or <b>Memel Territory</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Memelland</i> or <i>Memelgebiet</i>) was defined by the 1919 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> in 1920 and refers to the northernmost part of the German province of <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>, when, as <b>Memelland</b>, it was put under the administration of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ambassadors" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Ambassadors">Council of Ambassadors</a>. The Memel Territory, together with other areas severed from Germany (the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Saar_Basin" title="Territory of the Saar Basin">Saar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Danzig</a>), was to remain under the control of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> until a future date, when the people of these regions would be allowed to vote on whether the land would return to Germany or not.<sup id="cite_ref-stahn08_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stahn08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the former Memel Territory is controlled by <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_County" title="Klaipėda County">Klaipėda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taurag%C4%97_County" title="Tauragė County">Tauragė</a> counties. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_overview">Historical overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1226, Duke <a href="/wiki/Konrad_I_of_Masovia" title="Konrad I of Masovia">Konrad I of Masovia</a> requested assistance against the <a href="/wiki/Old_Prussians" title="Old Prussians">Prussians</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Baltic tribes</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Skalvians" title="Skalvians">Skalvians</a> who lived along the <a href="/wiki/Neman_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Neman River">Neman (Memel) River</a>. In March 1226, Holy Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a> issued the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Bull_of_Rimini" title="Golden Bull of Rimini">Golden Bull of Rimini</a>, which provided that the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Knights</a> would possess lands taken beyond the Masovian border in exchange for securing Masovia. After <a href="/wiki/Prussian_uprisings" title="Prussian uprisings">uprisings of the Baltic Prussian tribes</a> in 1242 through 1274 failed, the Order conquered many remaining western Balts in <a href="/wiki/Lithuania_Minor" title="Lithuania Minor">Lithuania Minor</a>, including the Skalvians, <a href="/wiki/Nadruvians" title="Nadruvians">Nadruvians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yotvingians" title="Yotvingians">Yotvingians</a>. In 1252, the Order constructed <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Castle" title="Klaipėda Castle">Memel Castle</a> where the Dangė river flows into the Neman, at the north end of the <a href="/wiki/Curonian_Spit" title="Curonian Spit">Curonian Spit</a>. In 1422, after centuries of conflict, the Order and the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Horod%C5%82o" title="Union of Horodło">Polish–Lithuanian union</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Melno" title="Treaty of Melno">Treaty of Melno</a> which defined a border between <a href="/wiki/Prussia_(region)" title="Prussia (region)">Prussia</a> and Lithuania. Although Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Vytautas" title="Vytautas">Vytautas</a> of Lithuania wanted the border to be coextensive with the Neman River, the treaty border started north of <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Castle" title="Klaipėda Castle">Memelberg</a> and ran southeasterly to the Neman. This border remained until 1918. After the Treaty of Melno was signed, many Lithuanians returned to northeastern Prussia, which became known as Lithuania Minor in the 16th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> ended in 1918, the Klaipėda Region was defined as a roughly triangular wedge, with the northern border being the Treaty of Melno border, the southern border following the Neman River, and on the west abutting the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>. In 1923, fearing that the western powers would create a free state, Lithuanians took control of the region and, as part of larger regional negotiations, incorporated the region into the <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">State of Lithuania</a>. In March 1939, Lithuania <a href="/wiki/1939_German_ultimatum_to_Lithuania" title="1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania">acquiesced to Nazi demands</a> and transferred the Klaipėda Region to <a href="/wiki/Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Reich">Germany</a>. As <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> came to an end in 1945, the Soviet Union incorporated the region into the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Lithuanian SSR</a>. Since 1990, the area of the Klaipėda Region has formed part of the independent <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Lithuania">Republic of Lithuania</a>, as part of <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_County" title="Klaipėda County">Klaipėda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taurag%C4%97_County" title="Tauragė County">Tauragė</a> counties. The southern border established by the Treaty of Versailles defines the current international boundary between Lithuania and the <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Klaip%C4%97da_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Klaipėda Region">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em; text-align:left; line-height:normal;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2">Timeline with changes of control over the territory </td></tr> <tr> <td>pre-1252</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Curonians" title="Curonians">Curonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scalovians" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalovians">Scalovian</a> tribes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1252–1525</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monastic_State_of_the_Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights">Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights</a> (also Monastic State of Prussia) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1525–1657</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Prussia" title="Duchy of Prussia">Duchy of Prussia</a>, a fief of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> (with Prussia in <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> with <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Electorate of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> since 1618) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1657–1701</td> <td>Duchy of Prussia, a sovereign state in personal union with Brandenburg, a fief of the Holy Roman Empire (together also called <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg-Prussia</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1701–1871</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1871–1918</td> <td>Kingdom of Prussia, part of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1918–1920</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Prussia" title="Free State of Prussia">Free State of Prussia</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920–1923</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ambassadors" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Ambassadors">Council of Ambassadors</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1923–1939</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Republic of Lithuania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1939–1945</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1945–1990</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian SSR">Lithuanian SSR</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990–present</td> <td>Republic of Lithuania </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treaty_of_Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Treaty of Versailles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memelland_Physical_Map_1905.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Memelland_Physical_Map_1905.png/310px-Memelland_Physical_Map_1905.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Memelland_Physical_Map_1905.png/465px-Memelland_Physical_Map_1905.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Memelland_Physical_Map_1905.png/620px-Memelland_Physical_Map_1905.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4800" /></a><figcaption>Physical map of the Memelland in 1905</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memel-10mark-1922b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Memel-10mark-1922b.jpg/220px-Memel-10mark-1922b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Memel-10mark-1922b.jpg/330px-Memel-10mark-1922b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Memel-10mark-1922b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">Banknote</a> of emergency money from 1922 issued and used in Memel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuania_Minor_Ethnic_Map_1905.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lithuania_Minor_Ethnic_Map_1905.png/310px-Lithuania_Minor_Ethnic_Map_1905.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lithuania_Minor_Ethnic_Map_1905.png/465px-Lithuania_Minor_Ethnic_Map_1905.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lithuania_Minor_Ethnic_Map_1905.png/620px-Lithuania_Minor_Ethnic_Map_1905.png 2x" data-file-width="8800" data-file-height="7800" /></a><figcaption>Mother tongues of <a href="/wiki/Lithuania_Minor" title="Lithuania Minor">Lithuania Minor</a> in 1905, showing the distribution of Lithuanian speakers in northern East Prussia prior to World War I</figcaption></figure> <p>The eastern boundaries of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> (from 1871, part of the German Empire), having remained unchanged since the Treaty of Melno in 1422, became a matter of discussion following World War I as the newly independent states of Poland and Lithuania emerged. The separatist <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Tilsit" title="Act of Tilsit">Act of Tilsit</a> was signed by a few pro-Lithuanian-oriented <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Lithuanians" title="Prussian Lithuanians">Prussian Lithuanians</a> in 1918, demanding the unification of <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian Lithuania">Prussian Lithuania</a> with <a href="/wiki/Lithuania_proper" title="Lithuania proper">Lithuania proper</a>. It is traditionally viewed by Lithuanians as expressing the desire of Lithuania Minor to unite with Lithuania, but the majority of Prussian Lithuanians did not want to join with Lithuania,<sup id="cite_ref-arnasius_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arnasius-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Prussian Lithuanians, at 26.6% of the population, did not make up a majority of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The division of Prussia was also promoted by Poland's <a href="/wiki/Roman_Dmowski" title="Roman Dmowski">Roman Dmowski</a><sup id="cite_ref-dmowski_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dmowski-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Versailles</a> who acted on the orders of <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a>. The purpose was to give the lower part of the Neman River and its delta, which was located in Germany and called the Memel River, to Lithuania, as this would provide her access to the <a href="/wiki/Curonian_Lagoon" title="Curonian Lagoon">Baltic Sea</a>, while Lithuania itself should be part of Poland. These ideas were supported by the French prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Georges Clemenceau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-clemenceau_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clemenceau-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1920, according to the Treaty of Versailles, the German area north of the <a href="/wiki/Memel_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Memel river">Memel river</a> was given the status of <i>Territoire de Memel</i> under the administration of the Council of Ambassadors, and French troops were sent for protection. The German delegation at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a>, under the leadership of Count <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_von_Brockdorff-Rantzau" title="Ulrich von Brockdorff-Rantzau">Ulrich von Brockdorff-Rantzau</a> immediately protested this decision, stating on 9 May 1919: </p> <blockquote><p> [Memellanders] including those whose mother-tongue is Lithuanian, have never desired a separation from Germany;...they have always proved themselves a loyal constituent part of the German community...moreover, Memel is an entirely German town...which has never in its whole history belonged to Lithuania or to Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>To this claim, the Allied Powers responded the following: </p> <blockquote><p>The Allied and associated Powers reject the suggestion that the cession of the district of Memel conflicts with the principles of nationality. The district in question has always been Lithuanian; the majority of the populace is Lithuanian in origin and in speech and that fact the city of Memel itself is in large parts German is no justification for maintaining the district under German sovereignty, particularly from the view of the fact that the port of Memel is the only sea outlet for Lithuania<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Following the evacuation of German troops from Memel, the French took over the temporary military administration of the region on 15 February 1920, under the leadership of General Dominique Odry.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was supplemented by a civilian one headed by <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Jean_Petisn%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Jean Petisné">Gabriel Jean Petisné</a> in 1921. The French Administration proved problematic, as they were accused by the Lithuanian population of siding too closely with the pro-German <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region" title="Directorate of the Klaipėda Region">Landes Directorium</a> and then subsequently accused of siding with Polish civilian and military representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of this backlash, Odry left his post shortly after coming to Memel and handed the responsibility of the administration over to High Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Jean_Petisn%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Jean Petisné">Gabriel Jean Petisné</a>. During the period of French administration, the idea of an independent state of Memelland grew in popularity among local inhabitants. The organisation <i>Deutsch-Litauischer Heimatbund</i> (German-Lithuanian homeland federation) promoted the idea of a <i>Freistaat Memelland</i>, which later should return to Germany. It had 30,000 members, both ethnic Germans and Lithuanians, or about 21% of the total population.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lithuanian_takeover">Lithuanian takeover</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lithuanian takeover"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Revolt" title="Klaipėda Revolt">Klaipėda Revolt</a></div> <p>On 9 January 1923, three years after the Versailles Treaty had become effective, Lithuania occupied the territory during the <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Revolt" title="Klaipėda Revolt">Klaipėda Revolt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mainly by militias that had entered the region from Lithuania. At the same time, France had started the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Ruhr" title="Occupation of the Ruhr">Occupation of the Ruhr</a> in Germany, and the French administration in Memel did not take any significant counteractive measures against the rebels. On 19 January, the territory was annexed by Lithuania, and the <i>fait accompli</i> was eventually confirmed by the Council of Ambassadors in 1924.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Autonomous_region_within_Lithuania">Autonomous region within Lithuania</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Autonomous region within Lithuania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Klaip%C4%97da_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Klaipėda Region">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klaipeda_stamps1920_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Klaipeda_stamps1920_23.jpg/220px-Klaipeda_stamps1920_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Klaipeda_stamps1920_23.jpg/330px-Klaipeda_stamps1920_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Klaipeda_stamps1920_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption>Postage stamps of the Klaipėda Region in use between 1920 and 1925. The upper stamp is French with overprint in German "MEMEL". The other stamps are Lithuanian, one with overprint in Lithuanian and in German, the other without. The latter one was issued especially for postal use in the Klaipėda Region.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Convention" title="Klaipėda Convention">Klaipėda Convention</a>, signed by the Council of Ambassadors and Lithuania, the area was granted a separate parliament, two official languages, the capacity to raise its own taxes, charge custom duties, and manage its cultural and religious affairs, and was allowed a separate judicial system, separate citizenship, internal control of agriculture and forestry, as well as a separate social security system. The Council of Ambassadors accepted the resulting arrangement and confirmed the autonomy of the region within the Republic of Lithuania. On 8 May 1924, a further Convention on the Klaipėda region confirmed the annexation, and a resulting autonomy agreement was signed in Paris. In the Lithuanian-German Arbitration and Settlement Agreement (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schieds- und Vergleichsvertrag</i></span>) of 29 January 1928, the Republic of Lithuania and the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> agreed "as a sign of the friendly nature of their relations" to conclude, among other items, a border settlement agreement that included the status of the Memel Territory.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Importantly, the annexation gave Lithuania control of a year-round, ice-free Baltic port. Lithuania made full use of Klaipėda's port, modernizing and adapting it largely for its agricultural exports. The port reconstruction was certainly one of the larger long-term investment projects enacted by the government of Lithuania in the interwar period. </p><p>The inhabitants of the area were not given a choice on the ballot as to whether they wanted to be part of the Lithuanian state or part of Germany. Since the pro-German political parties had an overall majority of more than 80% in all elections to the local parliament (see election statistics below) in the interwar period, there can be little doubt that such a referendum would have been in favour of Germany. In fact, the area had been annexed from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania" title="Kingdom of Lithuania">Lithuanian kingdom</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Monastic_State_of_the_Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights">monastic state</a> since the 13th century, and even many Lithuanian-speakers, regarding themselves as <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussians</a>, declared themselves "Memellanders/Klaipėdiškiai" in the official census (see below for demographic information) and did not want to belong to a Lithuanian national state due to strong <a href="/wiki/Germanisation" title="Germanisation">Germanisation</a> in the late 1800s. According to the Lithuanian point of view, Memellanders were viewed as Germanized Lithuanians who should be re-Lithuanized.<sup id="cite_ref-Vareikis1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vareikis1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was also a strong denominational difference since about 95% of the inhabitants of Lithuania Minor were <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutherans</a> while more than 90% of Greater Lithuanians were <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholics</a>. Following the <i>Agreement concerning the Evangelical Church of the Klaipėda Region</i> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Abkommen betr. die evangelische Kirche des Memelgebietes</i>) of 23 July 1925, concluded between the <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region" title="Directorate of the Klaipėda Region">Directorate of the Klaipėda Region</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_old-Prussian_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union">Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union</a>, a <a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">church of united administration</a> of Lutheran and <a href="/wiki/Reformed_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed church">Reformed</a> congregations, the mostly Lutheran congregations (and a single Reformed one in Klaipėda) in the Klaipėda Region were disentangled from the old-Prussian <i>Ecclesiastical Province of East Prussia</i> and formed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Synodal_Federation_of_the_Memel_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regional Synodal Federation of the Memel Territory (page does not exist)">Regional Synodal Federation of the Memel Territory</a> (Landessynodalverband Memelgebiet) since, being ranked an old-Prussian ecclesiastical province of its own.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An own <a href="/wiki/Consistory_(Protestantism)" title="Consistory (Protestantism)">consistory</a> in Klaipėda was established in 1927, led by a <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_(ecclesiastical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Superintendent (ecclesiastical)">general superintendent</a> (at first F. Gregor, elected in 1927, succeeded by O. Obereiniger, elected by the regional synod in 1933). The Catholic parishes in the Klaipėda Region used to belong to the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Ermland" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Ermland">Bishopric of Ermland</a> until 1926 and were then disentangled, forming the new <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Territorial_Prelature_of_Klaip%C4%97da" title="Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Klaipėda">Territorial Prelature of Klaipėda</a> under Prelate <a href="/wiki/Justinas_Staugaitis" title="Justinas Staugaitis">Justinas Staugaitis</a>. </p><p>The government of Lithuania faced considerable opposition from the region's autonomous institutions, among them the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region" title="Parliament of the Klaipėda Region">Parliament of the Klaipėda Region</a>. As the years passed, claims were becoming more and more vocal about a re-integration into a resurgent Germany. It was only during the latter period that Lithuania then instituted a policy of "Lithuanization". This was met by even more opposition, as religious and regional differences slowly became insurmountable. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/1926_Lithuanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1926 Lithuanian coup d'état">December 1926 coup d'état</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antanas_Smetona" title="Antanas Smetona">Antanas Smetona</a> came to power. As the status of the Memel Territory was regulated by international treaties, the Memel Territory became an oasis of democracy <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in Lithuania. Lithuanian intelligentsia often held marriages in Memel/Klaipėda, since Memel Territory was the only place in Lithuania where <a href="/wiki/Civil_marriage" title="Civil marriage">civil marriage</a> was in use, in the rest of Lithuania only church <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriages</a> were legitimized. Thus, Lithuanian opposition to Smetona's regime was also based in Memel Territory. </p><p>At the start of the 1930s, certain leaders and members of pro-Nazi organizations in the region were put on trial by Lithuania "for crimes of terrorism". The 1934–5 <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Neumann_and_Sass" title="Trial of Neumann and Sass">trial of Neumann and Sass</a> in Kaunas can be presented as the first anti-Nazi trial in Europe. Three members of the organizations were sentenced to death, and their leaders imprisoned. Following political and economic pressure from Germany, most were later released. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election_results_for_the_local_parliament">Election results for the local parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Election results for the local parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The local parliament had 29 seats, one for every 5,000 inhabitants. Men and women over the age of 23 had the right to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>See also the results of the January 1919 elections to the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_National_Assembly" title="Weimar National Assembly">Nationalversammlung</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th><small>Memeländische<br />Landwirtschaftspartei<br />("Agricultural Party")</small> </th> <th><small>Memeländische<br />Volkspartei<br />("People's Party")</small> </th> <th><small>Sozialdemokratische<br />Partei<br />("Social Democratic Party")</small> </th> <th><small>Arbeiterpartei<br />(Worker's Party)</small> </th> <th><small>Communist Party</small> </th> <th><small>Others</small> </th> <th><small>Lithuanian<br />People's Party</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1925</td> <td>38.1%: 11 seats</td> <td>36.9%: 11 seats</td> <td>16.0%: 5 seats</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>Others 9.0%: 2 seats</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>1927</td> <td>33.6%: 10 seats</td> <td>32.7%: 10 seats</td> <td>10.1%: 3 seats</td> <td>—</td> <td>7.2%: 2 seats</td> <td>—</td> <td>13.6%: 4 seats </td></tr> <tr> <td>1930</td> <td>31.8%: 10 seats</td> <td>27.6%: 8 seats</td> <td>13.8%: 4 seats</td> <td>4.2%: 2 seats</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>22.7%: 5 seats </td></tr> <tr> <td>1932</td> <td>37.1%: 11 seats</td> <td>27.2%: 8 seats</td> <td>7.8%: 2 seats</td> <td>8.2%: 3 seats</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>19.7%: 5 seats </td></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="5">Unified German Election List</th> <th colspan="2">Greater Lithuania Parties </th></tr> <tr> <td>1935</td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;">81.2%: 24 seats</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">18.8%: 5 seats </td></tr> <tr> <td>1938</td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;">87.2%: 25 seats</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">12.8%: 4 seats </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memelland_Ethnic_Map_1905.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Memelland_Ethnic_Map_1905.png/310px-Memelland_Ethnic_Map_1905.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Memelland_Ethnic_Map_1905.png/465px-Memelland_Ethnic_Map_1905.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Memelland_Ethnic_Map_1905.png/620px-Memelland_Ethnic_Map_1905.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4800" /></a><figcaption>Mother tongues of the Memelland in 1905</figcaption></figure> <p>A Lithuanian census carried out in the region in 1925 found its total population was 141,000.<sup id="cite_ref-mes_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Declared language was used to classify the inhabitants, and on this basis 43.5 percent were German, 27.6 percent were Lithuanian, and 25.2 percent were "Klaipėdan" (<i>Memeländisch</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-mes_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sources give the interwar ethnic composition as 41.9 percent German, 27.1 percent Memeländisch, and 26.6 percent Lithuanian.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Population</th> <th>German</th> <th><i>Memelandish</i></th> <th>Lithuanian</th> <th>other</th> <th>Religion</th> <th>Source </th></tr> <tr> <td>141,645</td> <td>41.9%</td> <td>27.1%</td> <td>26.6%</td> <td>4.4%</td> <td>95% <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_old-Prussian_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union">Evangelical</a> Christians</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>141,645 (1930)</td> <td>45.2%</td> <td>24.2% (1925)</td> <td>26.5%</td> <td>—</td> <td>Evangelical Lutheran 95%, Roman Catholic (1925)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Overall, Prussian Lithuanians were more rural than Germans; the number of Lithuanian speakers in the city of Klaipėda itself increased over time due to urbanization and migration from villages into cities and later also from remaining Lithuania (in the city of Klaipėda, Lithuanian-speaking people made up 21.5% in 1912, 32.6% in 1925, and 38.7% in 1932*). Foreign citizens might include some Germans who opted for German citizenship instead of Lithuanian (although at the time the German government pressured local Germans to take Lithuanian citizenship so that German presence would remain). There were more Lithuanian speakers in the north of the region (Klaipėdos apskritis and Šilutės apskritis) than in the south (Pagėgių apskritis). Other locals included people of other nationalities who had citizenship in Lithuania, such as <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>. </p><p>In the 1930s, a novel by local author <a href="/wiki/Ieva_Simonaityt%C4%97" title="Ieva Simonaitytė">Ieva Simonaitytė</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on family history illustrated the centuries-old German–Lithuanian relations in the region. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trial_of_the_Nazis_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region_%E2%80%93_priest_Theodor_Freiherr_von_Sass,_veterinarian_Ernst_Neumann,_and_others_in_Kaunas,_1935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Trial_of_the_Nazis_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region_%E2%80%93_priest_Theodor_Freiherr_von_Sass%2C_veterinarian_Ernst_Neumann%2C_and_others_in_Kaunas%2C_1935.jpg/220px-Trial_of_the_Nazis_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region_%E2%80%93_priest_Theodor_Freiherr_von_Sass%2C_veterinarian_Ernst_Neumann%2C_and_others_in_Kaunas%2C_1935.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Trial_of_the_Nazis_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region_%E2%80%93_priest_Theodor_Freiherr_von_Sass%2C_veterinarian_Ernst_Neumann%2C_and_others_in_Kaunas%2C_1935.jpg/330px-Trial_of_the_Nazis_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region_%E2%80%93_priest_Theodor_Freiherr_von_Sass%2C_veterinarian_Ernst_Neumann%2C_and_others_in_Kaunas%2C_1935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Trial_of_the_Nazis_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region_%E2%80%93_priest_Theodor_Freiherr_von_Sass%2C_veterinarian_Ernst_Neumann%2C_and_others_in_Kaunas%2C_1935.jpg/440px-Trial_of_the_Nazis_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region_%E2%80%93_priest_Theodor_Freiherr_von_Sass%2C_veterinarian_Ernst_Neumann%2C_and_others_in_Kaunas%2C_1935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1102" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Neumann_and_Sass" title="Trial of Neumann and Sass">first trial</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazis</a> in Europe, which took place in <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a> in 1935. The accused claimed that the Klaipėda Region should be part of Germany, not <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, and spread propaganda, prepared for an armed uprising.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The authoritarian regime of Smetona enforced a policy of discrimination and Lithuanisation: it sent administrators from Lithuania, and German teachers, officials, and priests were fired from jobs. Local inhabitants—both Germans and Prussian Lithuanians—were not accepted for state service in Memel Territory. People were sent from <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a> instead. </p><p>Until 1938, no governor was appointed from local Prussian Lithuanians. This policy led the Prussian Lithuanian intelligentsia and some local Germans to organise a society in 1934 to oppose Lithuanian rule. This group was soon dismantled.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Election results in Memel Territory were irritating<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> for the authoritarian Smetona regime, and it attempted to "colonise" Memel Territory with Lithuanians. The Lithuanian settlements Jakai and Smeltė were built. The number of newcomers increased: in 1926 the number was 5,000, in 1939–30,000. </p><p>Lithuania introduced a hard-line Lithuanisation campaign that led to even deeper antagonism between local Prussian Lithuanians, Memellanders, Germans and newcomers.<sup id="cite_ref-Pocytė_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocytė-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="German_ultimatum">German ultimatum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: German ultimatum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1939_German_ultimatum_to_Lithuania" title="1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania">1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klaipd%C4%97da_Region_1939.Adolf_Hitler_street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/Klaipd%C4%97da_Region_1939.Adolf_Hitler_street.jpg/170px-Klaipd%C4%97da_Region_1939.Adolf_Hitler_street.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/Klaipd%C4%97da_Region_1939.Adolf_Hitler_street.jpg/255px-Klaipd%C4%97da_Region_1939.Adolf_Hitler_street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8b/Klaipd%C4%97da_Region_1939.Adolf_Hitler_street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antanas_Smetona" title="Antanas Smetona">President Smetona</a> Avenue was renamed <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> Street in 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>By late 1938, Lithuania had lost control of the situation in the Territory. In the early hours of 23 March 1939, after an oral ultimatum had caused a Lithuanian delegation to travel to <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, the Lithuanian Minister of Foreign Affairs <a href="/wiki/Juozas_Urb%C5%A1ys" title="Juozas Urbšys">Juozas Urbšys</a> and his German counterpart <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a> signed the <i>Treaty of the Cession of the Memel Territory to Germany</i> in exchange for a Lithuanian Free Zone for 99 years in the port of Memel, using the facilities erected in previous years. </p><p>Hitler had anticipated this aboard a <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a> naval ship and at dawn<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sailed into Memel to celebrate the return <i><a href="/wiki/Heim_ins_Reich" title="Heim ins Reich">heim ins Reich</a></i> of the Memelland. This proved to be the last of a series of bloodless annexations of territories separated from the German or Austrian Empire by the Treaty of Versailles, which had been perceived by many Germans as a humiliation. German forces seized the territory even before the official Lithuanian ratification. The United Kingdom and France, as after the revolt of 1923, took no action. It was under these conditions that the <a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Seimas</a> was forced to approve the treaty, hoping that Germany would not press any other territorial demands upon Lithuania. </p><p>Still, the reunion with Germany was welcomed by the majority of the population, both by Germans and by Memelanders.<sup id="cite_ref-Vareikis2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vareikis2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the treaty, the citizens of the Memel Territory were allowed to choose their citizenship: either German or Lithuanian. 303 people or, counting family members, 585, asked for Lithuanian citizenship but only 20 requests were granted.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another term stated that persons who had settled in the Memel Territory during the occupation period from 1923 to 1939 should emigrate. About 8,900 Lithuanians did so. At the same time, Germany expelled about 1,300 local Memel and Lithuanian Jews and about 40 Prussian Lithuanians.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governors">Governors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>High Commissioners</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominique_Joseph_Odry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominique Joseph Odry (page does not exist)">Dominique Joseph Odry</a>, France (15 February 1920 – 1 May 1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Jean_Petisn%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Jean Petisné">Gabriel Jean Petisné</a>, France (1 May 1921 – 19 February 1923)</li></ul> <p><b>Plenipotentiaries</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Budrys" title="Jonas Budrys">Jonas Polovinskas-Budrys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> (acting; 19 February 1923 – 24 February 1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antanas_Smetona" title="Antanas Smetona">Antanas Smetona</a>, Lithuania (24 February 1923 – 27 October 1924)</li></ul> <p><b>Governors</b> </p> <ul><li>Jonas Polovinskas-Budrys (27 October 1924 – 8 November 1925)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_%C5%BDilius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonas Žilius (page does not exist)">Jonas Žilius</a> (8 November 1925 – 1 August 1926)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolis_%C5%BDalkauskas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karolis Žalkauskas (page does not exist)">Karolis Žalkauskas</a> (1 August 1926 – 1 November 1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antanas_Merkys" title="Antanas Merkys">Antanas Merkys</a> (1 November 1927 – 19 May 1932)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Jonas_Gylys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vytautas Jonas Gylys (page does not exist)">Vytautas Jonas Gylys</a> (19 May 1932 – 25 November 1933)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Navakas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonas Navakas (page does not exist)">Jonas Navakas</a> (25 November 1933 – 5 February 1935)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladas_Kurkauskas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladas Kurkauskas (page does not exist)">Vladas Kurkauskas</a> (5 February 1935 – 15 October 1936)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurgis_Kubilius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurgis Kubilius (page does not exist)">Jurgis Kubilius</a> (15 October 1936 – 12 December 1938)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktoras_Gailius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viktoras Gailius (page does not exist)">Viktoras Gailius</a> (12 December 1938 – 22 March 1939)</li></ul> <p><b>Transitional Commissioner for the Integration of Memelland</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Koch" title="Erich Koch">Erich Koch</a> (23 March 1939 – 30 April 1939)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Directorate">Directorate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Directorate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region" title="Directorate of the Klaipėda Region">Directorate of the Klaipėda Region</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II_and_after">World War II and after</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: World War II and after"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolf_Hitler_in_Memel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Adolf_Hitler_in_Memel.png/220px-Adolf_Hitler_in_Memel.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Adolf_Hitler_in_Memel.png/330px-Adolf_Hitler_in_Memel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Adolf_Hitler_in_Memel.png/440px-Adolf_Hitler_in_Memel.png 2x" data-file-width="1531" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> in Memel in March 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>After Nazi Germany took over the area in 1939, many Lithuanians and their organizations began leaving Memel and the surrounding area. Memel was quickly turned into a fortified naval base by the Germans. After the failure of the German invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a> the fate of <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a> and Memel was sealed. By October 1944, the inhabitants of the area, without ethnic distinction, had to make a decision whether to stay or leave. Nearly all of the population was evacuated from the approaching <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>, but the city itself was defended by the German army during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Memel" title="Battle of Memel">Battle of Memel</a> until 28 January 1945. After its capture, only six people were found in the city. </p><p>At the end of the war, the majority of the inhabitants had fled to the West to settle in Germany. Still, in 1945–46 there were around 35,000<sup id="cite_ref-trys_knygos1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trys_knygos1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> local inhabitants, both Prussian Lithuanians and Germans. The government of the Lithuanian SSR sent agitators into the <a href="/wiki/Displaced_persons_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Displaced persons camp">displaced persons camps</a> to make promises to former inhabitants that they could return and their property would be restored. In the period of 1945–50 about 8,000 persons were repatriated. Bilingual Lithuanian-German returners were viewed as Germans. </p><p>The few remaining ethnic Germans were then forcibly <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Germans_after_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Expulsion of Germans after World War II">expelled</a>, with most opting to flee to what would become <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>. People who remained in the former Memel territory were dismissed from their jobs. Families of notable local Lithuanians, who had opposed German parties before the war, were deported to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. In 1951, the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Lithuanian SSR</a> expelled 3,500 people from the former Memel Territory to <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>. In 1958, when emigration was allowed, the majority of the surviving population, both Germans and Prussian Lithuanians, emigrated to West Germany; this event was called a repatriation of Germans by the Lithuanian SSR. Today these formerly Lutheran territories are mostly inhabited by Lithuanians who are Catholic and by <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> Russians. However, the minority Prussian Lithuanian <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a> historically were concentrated in these regions, and some remain to this day. Only a few thousand are left.<sup id="cite_ref-trys_knygos2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trys_knygos2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their continued emigration is facilitated by the fact they are considered <a href="/wiki/German_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="German citizen">German citizens</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a>. No property restoration was performed by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Lithuania">Republic of Lithuania</a> for owners prior to 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-trys_knygos3_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trys_knygos3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although maintaining that the Memel Territory in 1939 was re-annexed by Germany and acknowledging that Lithuania itself was occupied in 1940 by the Soviets, Lithuania, after regaining independence on 11 March 1990, did not restore autonomy to the Memel Territory.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany" title="Areas annexed by Nazi Germany">Areas annexed by Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memel_Agricultural_Party" title="Memel Agricultural Party">Memel Agricultural Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a> town</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Belorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic</a> (A.K.A. Litbel)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Central_Lithuania" title="Republic of Central Lithuania">Republic of Central Lithuania</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/1922_Republic_of_Central_Lithuania_general_election" title="1922 Republic of Central Lithuania general election">1922 Republic of Central Lithuania general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, the capital city of Lithuania</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-stahn08-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stahn08_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStahn2008" class="citation book cs1">Stahn, Carsten (2008). <i>The Law and Practice of International Territorial Administration</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511585937">10.1017/CBO9780511585937</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87800-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87800-5"><bdi>978-0-521-87800-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Law+and+Practice+of+International+Territorial+Administration&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511585937&rft.isbn=978-0-521-87800-5&rft.aulast=Stahn&rft.aufirst=Carsten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arnasius-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arnasius_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnašius2002" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Arnašius, Helmut (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080531031428/http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/mg/nr/2002/078/078vok.html">"Vokiečiai Klaipėdoje"</a>. <i>Mokslas Ir Gyvenimas</i> (in Lithuanian). <b>7–8</b>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/mg/nr/2002/078/078vok.html">the original</a> on 31 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2007</span>. <q>Apie norą susijungti su nuskurdusia Lietuva daugumai lietuvininkų negalėjo būti nė kalbos.<br /> Tr.: The majority of Prussian Lithuanians did not even want to talk about unification with poor Lithuania.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mokslas+Ir+Gyvenimas&rft.atitle=Vokie%C4%8Diai+Klaip%C4%97doje&rft.volume=7%E2%80%938&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Arna%C5%A1ius&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fausis.gf.vu.lt%2Fmg%2Fnr%2F2002%2F078%2F078vok.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gonschior.de/weimar/Memelgebiet/index.htm">"Das Memelgebiet: Überblick"</a> [The Memel Region: Overview]. <i>gonschior.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gonschior.de&rft.atitle=Das+Memelgebiet%3A+%C3%9Cberblick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgonschior.de%2Fweimar%2FMemelgebiet%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dmowski-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dmowski_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Lemtinga situacija susidarė 1919 m. Versalio taikos konferencijoje. Lenkijos atstovas R. Dmovskis ten pareiškė, kad Lietuva nepribrendo valstybingumui, ir reikalavo ją prijungti prie Lenkijos. Dmovskis su prancūzų atstovu Klemanso iškėlė Rytprūsių pasidalijimo klausimą. Jie siūlė Gumbinę su Įsrutimi prijungti prie Lenkijos, Karaliaučių paskelbti laisvu miestu, o likusią dalį atiduoti būsimai marionetinei, nuo Lenkijos priklausomai Lietuvai." English translation: "A fatal situation appeared in 1919 at the Versailles peace conference. The Polish representative Dmowski expressed that Lithuania is not ready for independence, and insisted on attaching Lithuania to Poland. Dmowski and French representative Clemenceau promoted the idea of a partition of East Prussia. They proposed to attach <a href="/wiki/Gumbinnen" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumbinnen">Gumbinnen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insterburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Insterburg">Insterburg</a> to Poland, Königsberg should be declared a free city, and the remaining part should be attached to Lithuania which would be controlled by Poland." <span class="languageicon">(in Lithuanian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moscovia1.narod.ru/archivas/2002_4/Is_Mazosios_Lietuvos_istorijos.htm">Nuotrupos iš Mažosios Lietuvos istorijos</a> Retrieved 2007, 12–59; excerpted from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠilas,_V.,_Sambora_H.1990" class="citation book cs1">Šilas, V., Sambora H. (1990). <i>Mažosios Lietuvos kultūros pėdsakai</i>. Vilnius: Mintis. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-417-00367-0" title="Special:BookSources/5-417-00367-0"><bdi>5-417-00367-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ma%C5%BEosios+Lietuvos+kult%C5%ABros+p%C4%97dsakai&rft.place=Vilnius&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Mintis&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=5-417-00367-0&rft.au=%C5%A0ilas%2C+V.%2C+Sambora+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clemenceau-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-clemenceau_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"dem Entschluß, das Memelgebiet von Deutschland abzutrennen, trug die antideutsche Einstellung des französischen Premiers, Georges Clemenceau, bei, der "die armen versklavten Litauer in Ostpreußen aus dem deutschen Joch" befreien wollte. Litauische Politiker haben diese antideutsche Haltung Clemenceaus später erfolgreich ausgenutzt und Forderungen, die für Litauen günstig waren, gestellt." Translation: "The resolution to separate the Memel Territory from Germany, the <a href="/wiki/Anti-German_sentiment" title="Anti-German sentiment">anti-German</a> attitude of the French Prime Minister, Georges Clemenceau, who wanted to "free the poor enslaved Lithuanians in East Prussia from the German yoke". Lithuanian politicians later successfully took advantage of Clemenceau's anti-German attitude and made claims that were favorable for Lithuania." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jahrbuch.annaberg.de/vareikis.html">Vygantas Vareikis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070108045122/http://jahrbuch.annaberg.de/vareikis.html">Archived</a> 8 January 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 2007, 19–52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephens1936" class="citation journal cs1">Stephens, David (January 1936). "The German Problem in Memel". <i>The Slavonic and Eastern European Review</i>. <b>14</b> (41): 325. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4203122">4203122</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Slavonic+and+Eastern+European+Review&rft.atitle=The+German+Problem+in+Memel&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=41&rft.pages=325&rft.date=1936-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4203122%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrade1924" class="citation journal cs1">Grade, John A. (March 1924). "The Memel Controversy". <i>Foreign Affairs</i>. <b>2</b> (3): 412. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20028310">10.2307/20028310</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20028310">20028310</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Memel+Controversy&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=412&rft.date=1924-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F20028310&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20028310%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Grade&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundesarchiv.de/aktenreichskanzlei/1919-1933/0000/adr/adrmr/kap1_3/para2_4.html">"Odry, Dominique-Joseph"</a>. <i>Das Bundesarchiv</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Das+Bundesarchiv&rft.atitle=Odry%2C+Dominique-Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesarchiv.de%2Faktenreichskanzlei%2F1919-1933%2F0000%2Fadr%2Fadrmr%2Fkap1_3%2Fpara2_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalijarvi1936" class="citation journal cs1">Kalijarvi, Thorsten (April 1936). "The Problem of Memel". <i>The American Journal of International Law</i>. <b>30</b> (2): 205. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2191087">10.2307/2191087</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2191087">2191087</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=The+Problem+of+Memel&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=205&rft.date=1936-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2191087&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2191087%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kalijarvi&rft.aufirst=Thorsten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jahrbuch.annaberg.de/vareikis.html">Occupation is admitted by modern Lithuanian historians: "Neue Untersuchungen machen es heute möglich, die tatsächliche Verteilung der Rollen auf die Schützen, die litauische Regierung und die Armee bei der Besetzung des Memegebietes offenzulegen." tr.: "New investigations make it possible today to reveal the actual distribution of roles between the Lithuanian Riflemen's Union, the Lithuanian Government and the Lithuanian Army in the case of the occupation of the Memel territory."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070108045122/http://jahrbuch.annaberg.de/vareikis.html">Archived</a> 8 January 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 2007, 13–04</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeewald2019" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Seewald, Enrico (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://annaberger-annalen.de/jahrbuch/2019/8_Seewald_AA27.pdf">"Das Geheimnis um das Woldemaras-Protokoll vom 29. Januar 1928"</a> [The Secret of the Woldemaras Minutes of 29 January 1928] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Annaberger Annalen</i> (in German). <b>27</b>: 112–113.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annaberger+Annalen&rft.atitle=Das+Geheimnis+um+das+Woldemaras-Protokoll+vom+29.+Januar+1928&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=112-113&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Seewald&rft.aufirst=Enrico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fannaberger-annalen.de%2Fjahrbuch%2F2019%2F8_Seewald_AA27.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vareikis1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vareikis1_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVareikis2001" class="citation journal cs1">Vareikis, V. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15388%2FSocMintVei.2001.1-2.7233">"Memellander/Klaipėdiškiai Identity and German-Lithuanian Relations in Lithuania Minor in the Nineteenth and Twentieth centuries"</a>. <i>Sociologija. Mintis Ir Veiksmas</i>. <b>1–2</b>: 54–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15388%2FSocMintVei.2001.1-2.7233">10.15388/SocMintVei.2001.1-2.7233</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1392-3358">1392-3358</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociologija.+Mintis+Ir+Veiksmas.&rft.atitle=Memellander%2FKlaip%C4%97di%C5%A1kiai+Identity+and+German-Lithuanian+Relations+in+Lithuania+Minor+in+the+Nineteenth+and+Twentieth+centuries&rft.volume=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=54-65&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15388%2FSocMintVei.2001.1-2.7233&rft.issn=1392-3358&rft.aulast=Vareikis&rft.aufirst=V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.15388%252FSocMintVei.2001.1-2.7233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span> According to the pre-war Lithuanian view, the Memellanders were Germanised Lithuanians who should be re-Lithuanised.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. Ernst Rudolf Huber, <i>Verträge zwischen Staat und Kirche im Deutschen Reich</i>, Breslau: Marcus, 1930, (Abhandlungen aus dem Staats- und Verwaltungsrecht sowie aus dem Völkerrecht, No. 44), p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gonschior.de/weimar/Memelgebiet/Uebersicht_LTW.html">"Memelgebiet: Übersicht der Wahlen 1919–1935"</a>. <i>Gonschior.de</i> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gonschior.de&rft.atitle=Memelgebiet%3A+%C3%9Cbersicht+der+Wahlen+1919%E2%80%931935&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gonschior.de%2Fweimar%2FMemelgebiet%2FUebersicht_LTW.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFcahoon" class="citation web cs1">cahoon, ben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Lithuania.htm#Memel%20Territory">"Lithuania"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lithuania&rft.aulast=cahoon&rft.aufirst=ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldstatesmen.org%2FLithuania.htm%23Memel%2520Territory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gonschior.de/weimar/Memelgebiet/NV.html">"Memelgebiet: Wahl zur Nationalversammlung 1919"</a>. <i>Gonschior.de</i> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gonschior.de&rft.atitle=Memelgebiet%3A+Wahl+zur+Nationalversammlung+1919&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gonschior.de%2Fweimar%2FMemelgebiet%2FNV.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mes-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mes_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mes_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiotr_EberhardtJan_Owsinski2003" class="citation book cs1">Piotr Eberhardt; Jan Owsinski (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jLfX1q3kJzgC&q=lithuania+census+1923+language&pg=RA1-PA40"><i>Ethnic groups and population changes in twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: history, data, and analysis</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/M.E._Sharpe" class="mw-redirect" title="M.E. Sharpe">M.E. Sharpe</a>. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0665-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0665-5"><bdi>978-0-7656-0665-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+groups+and+population+changes+in+twentieth-century+Central-Eastern+Europe%3A+history%2C+data%2C+and+analysis&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-0665-5&rft.au=Piotr+Eberhardt&rft.au=Jan+Owsinski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjLfX1q3kJzgC%26q%3Dlithuania%2Bcensus%2B1923%2Blanguage%26pg%3DRA1-PA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gonschior.de/weimar/Memelgebiet/index.htm">"Das Memelgebiet im Überblick"</a>. <i>www.gonschior.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gonschior.de&rft.atitle=Das+Memelgebiet+im+%C3%9Cberblick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gonschior.de%2Fweimar%2FMemelgebiet%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCahoon" class="citation web cs1">Cahoon, Ben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Lithuania.htm#Memel%20Territory">"Lithuania"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lithuania&rft.aulast=Cahoon&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldstatesmen.org%2FLithuania.htm%23Memel%2520Territory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gonschior.de/weimar/Memelgebiet/index.htm">"Das Memelgebiet im Überblick"</a>. <i>www.gonschior.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gonschior.de&rft.atitle=Das+Memelgebiet+im+%C3%9Cberblick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gonschior.de%2Fweimar%2FMemelgebiet%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Lithuania.htm#Memel%20Territory">"Lithuania"</a>. <i>www.worldstatesmen.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.worldstatesmen.org&rft.atitle=Lithuania&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldstatesmen.org%2FLithuania.htm%23Memel%2520Territory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muziejai.lt/Muziejus.en.asp?Db_kodas=2777">"Museums of Lithuania"</a>. <i>www.muziejai.lt</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.muziejai.lt&rft.atitle=Museums+of+Lithuania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.muziejai.lt%2FMuziejus.en.asp%3FDb_kodas%3D2777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGliožaitis" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gliožaitis, Algirdas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mle.lt/straipsniai/neumanno-sasso-byla">"Neumanno-Sasso byla"</a> [The Case of Neumann-Sass]. <i>Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija</i> (in Lithuanian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ma%C5%BEosios+Lietuvos+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Neumanno-Sasso+byla&rft.aulast=Glio%C5%BEaitis&rft.aufirst=Algirdas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mle.lt%2Fstraipsniai%2Fneumanno-sasso-byla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrytas.lt/">"Lrytas.lt naujienos – sužinoti daugiau!"</a>. <i>www.lrytas.lt</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lrytas.lt&rft.atitle=Lrytas.lt+naujienos+%E2%80%93+su%C5%BEinoti+daugiau%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrytas.lt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pocytė-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pocytė_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPocytė2003" class="citation journal cs1">Pocytė, S. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204952/http://www.istorija.lt/lim/pocyte2003en2.html">"Didlietuviai: an example of committee of Lithuanian organizations activities (1934–1939)"</a>. <i>Lietuvos istorijos metraštis</i>. <b>2</b>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istorija.lt/lim/pocyte2003en2.html">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2007</span>. <q>The strong lithuanization policy from Lithuanian State gave the inverse effect, reflected by anti-Lithuanian dispositions among Germans and local Lietuvininkai people. The forms of Lithuanization policy were not acceptable for Klaipėda region local Lietuvininkai people. Having no other alternatives, they started to nestle themselves with much more known for them German national identity</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lietuvos+istorijos+metra%C5%A1tis&rft.atitle=Didlietuviai%3A+an+example+of+committee+of+Lithuanian+organizations+activities+%281934%E2%80%931939%29&rft.volume=2&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Pocyt%C4%97&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.istorija.lt%2Flim%2Fpocyte2003en2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070113165006/http://worldatwar.net/nations/other/memel/index.html">"Memel – Klaipeda"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldatwar.net/nations/other/memel/index.html">the original</a> on 13 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Memel+%E2%80%93+Klaipeda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldatwar.net%2Fnations%2Fother%2Fmemel%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vareikis2-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vareikis2_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In March 1939 the majority of Memellanders greeted the reunion with the <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsches Reich">Reich</a> with joy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voruta.lt/archyvas/82/1188">"Nesėkmės Klaipėdos krašte"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nes%C4%97km%C4%97s+Klaip%C4%97dos+kra%C5%A1te&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voruta.lt%2Farchyvas%2F82%2F1188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trys_knygos1-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trys_knygos1_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927171701/http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/mg/nr/98/3/03knygos.html">"Trys knygos apie lietuvininkų tragediją"</a> (in Lithuanian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/mg/nr/98/3/03knygos.html">the original</a> on 27 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trys+knygos+apie+lietuvinink%C5%B3+tragedij%C4%85&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fausis.gf.vu.lt%2Fmg%2Fnr%2F98%2F3%2F03knygos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKlaip%C4%97da+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trys_knygos2-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trys_knygos2_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Dabar jų yra vos keli tūkstančiai." Tr.: Only a few thousand remain.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trys_knygos3-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trys_knygos3_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Kai kurie ir iš nepriklausomos Lietuvos išvažiuoja į Vokietiją, nes čia ne visiems pavyksta atgauti žemę ir sodybas, miestuose ir miesteliuose turėtus gyvenamuosius namus. Vis dar yra net nebandomų sudrausminti piktavalių, kurie lietuvininkams siūlo "grįžti" į "faterliandą"." Tr.: Even some from independent Lithuanians emigrate to Germany, because not for all property is returned. There are still persons who propose for lietuvininks to "return" to "vaterland". The article is written in 1998 and represents situation in these years.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Algimantas P. Gureckas, Lithuania's Boundaries and Territorial Claims Between Lithuania and Neighboring States, New York Law School Journal of International and Comparative Law, 1991, Volume 12, Numbers 1 & 2, p. 139-143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marjorie M. Whiteman, ed., Digest of International Law, Department of State Publication 7737, 1964, Vol.3, p. 315 & 316.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Memelland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Memelland">Memelland</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080422185231/http://www.ikgn.de/zeitschrift_nordost-archiv.volltext.54.htm">Joachim Tauber: Das Memelgebiet (1919–1944) in der deutschen und litauischen Historiographie nach 1945</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.online-ofb.de/memelland/index.php?lang=en">Local heritage book Memelland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dircost.unito.it/cs/docs/MEMEL%201924.htm">STATUT DU TERRITOIRE DE MEMEL</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gauss.suub.uni-bremen.de/suub/hist/index.jsp?id=Kt.+I-896">Map of languages in East Prussia in 1900</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gauss.suub.uni-bremen.de/suub/hist/servlet/servlet.hmap?id=245837&blatt=0">(larger)</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ostdeutsches-forum.net/preussen/ostpreussen/Memelland/Bericht-1923.htm">German translation of the Commission Report to the Council of Ambassadors</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li>German translation of Vygantas Vareikis' thesis <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jahrbuch.annaberg.de/jahrbuch/2000/Annaberg%20Nr.8%20Kap1.pdf"><i>Die Rolle des Schützenbundes Litauens bei der Besetzung des Memelgebietes 1923</i></a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PFsfP_5AcQ4"><span class="plainlinks">Hitler in Klaipėda</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" 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navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Klaipėda Region</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="420" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="420" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="420" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&params=55_27_N_21_24_E_region:LT_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°27′N</span> <span class="longitude">21°24′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.450°N 21.400°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.450; 21.400</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161334#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161334#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161334#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/182382512">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqKcXYcmvhGrXcp3FBF8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4038580-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2004067726">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007567774005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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Lithuania (1918–1940)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Prussia" title="Category:Geography of Prussia">Geography of Prussia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Category:Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1920" title="Category:States and territories established in 1920">States and territories established in 1920</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:League_of_Nations_mandates" title="Category:League of Nations mandates">League of Nations mandates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1920_establishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1920 establishments in Europe">1920 establishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1920_disestablishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1920 disestablishments in Europe">1920 disestablishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_1923" title="Category:States and territories 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