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Coverage</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Coverage"> <meta name="keywords" content="Coverage"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Coverage"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 72</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Coverage</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> An Adaptive Cooperative Scheme for Reliability of Transmission Using STBC and CDD in Wireless Communications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Jun%20Shin">Hyun-Jun Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Jeong%20Kim"> Jae-Jeong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoung-Kyu%20Song"> Hyoung-Kyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In broadcasting and cellular system, a cooperative scheme is proposed for the improvement of performance of bit error rate. Up to date, the coverage of broadcasting system coexists with the coverage of cellular system. Therefore each user in a cellular coverage is frequently involved in a broadcasting coverage. The proposed cooperative scheme is derived from the shared areas. The users receive signals from both broadcasting base station and cellular base station. The proposed scheme selects a cellular base station of a worse channel to achieve better performance of bit error rate in cooperation. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in fading channel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20communication" title="cooperative communication">cooperative communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STBC" title=" STBC"> STBC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDD" title=" CDD"> CDD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20condition" title=" channel condition"> channel condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcasting%20system" title=" broadcasting system"> broadcasting system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20system" title=" cellular system"> cellular system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3519/an-adaptive-cooperative-scheme-for-reliability-of-transmission-using-stbc-and-cdd-in-wireless-communications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> A New Learning Automata-Based Algorithm to the Priority-Based Target Coverage Problem in Directional Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaharuddin%20Salleh">Shaharuddin Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Marouf"> Sara Marouf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hosein%20Mohammadi"> Hosein Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Directional sensor networks (DSNs) have recently attracted a great deal of attention due to their extensive applications in a wide range of situations. One of the most important problems associated with DSNs is covering a set of targets in a given area and, at the same time, maximizing the network lifetime. This is due to limitation in sensing angle and battery power of the directional sensors. This problem gets more complicated by the possibility that targets may have different coverage requirements. In the present study, this problem is referred to as priority-based target coverage (PTC). As sensors are often densely deployed, organizing the sensors into several cover sets and then activating these cover sets successively is a promising solution to this problem. In this paper, we propose a learning automata-based algorithm to organize the directional sensors into several cover sets in such a way that each cover set could satisfy coverage requirements of all the targets. Several experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results demonstrated that the algorithms were able to contribute to solving the problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directional%20sensor%20networks" title="directional sensor networks">directional sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=target%20coverage%20problem" title=" target coverage problem"> target coverage problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cover%20set%20formation" title=" cover set formation"> cover set formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20automata" title=" learning automata"> learning automata</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9205/a-new-learning-automata-based-algorithm-to-the-priority-based-target-coverage-problem-in-directional-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Power-Aware Adaptive Coverage Control with Consensus Protocol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mert%20Turanli">Mert Turanli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakan%20Temeltas"> Hakan Temeltas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a new approach to coverage control problem by using adaptive coordination and power aware control laws. Nonholonomic mobile nodes position themselves suboptimally according to a time-varying density function using Centroidal Voronoi Tesellations. The Lyapunov stability analysis of the adaptive and decentralized approach is given. A linear consensus protocol is used to establish synchronization among the mobile nodes. Also, repulsive forces prevent nodes from collision. Simulation results show that by using power aware control laws, energy consumption of the nodes can be reduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20aware" title="power aware">power aware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coverage%20control" title=" coverage control"> coverage control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive" title=" adaptive"> adaptive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consensus" title=" consensus"> consensus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonholonomic" title=" nonholonomic"> nonholonomic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coordination" title=" coordination"> coordination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34760/power-aware-adaptive-coverage-control-with-consensus-protocol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Survey on Fiber Optic Deployment for Telecommunications Operators in Ghana: Coverage Gap, Recommendations and Research Directions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Padi">Francis Padi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Nunoo"> Solomon Nunoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Kojo%20Annan"> John Kojo Annan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper "Survey on Fiber Optic Deployment for Telecommunications Operators in Ghana: Coverage Gap, Recommendations and Research Directions" presents a comprehensive survey on the deployment of fiber optic networks for telecommunications operators in Ghana. It addresses the challenges encountered by operators using microwave transmission systems for backhauling traffic and emphasizes the advantages of deploying fiber optic networks. The study delves into the coverage gap, provides recommendations, and outlines research directions to enhance the telecommunications infrastructure in Ghana. Additionally, it evaluates next-generation optical access technologies and architectures tailored to operators' needs. The paper also investigates current technological solutions and regulatory, technical, and economical dimensions related to sharing mobile telecommunication networks in emerging countries. Overall, this paper offers valuable insights into fiber optic network deployment for telecommunications operators in Ghana and suggests strategies to meet the increasing demand for data and mobile applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survey%20on%20fiber%20optic%20deployment" title="survey on fiber optic deployment">survey on fiber optic deployment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coverage%20gap" title=" coverage gap"> coverage gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recommendations" title=" recommendations"> recommendations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20directions" title=" research directions"> research directions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189425/survey-on-fiber-optic-deployment-for-telecommunications-operators-in-ghana-coverage-gap-recommendations-and-research-directions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Distributed Coverage Control by Robot Networks in Unknown Environments Using a Modified EM Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadhosein%20Hasanbeig">Mohammadhosein Hasanbeig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lacra%20Pavel"> Lacra Pavel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we study a distributed control algorithm for the problem of unknown area coverage by a network of robots. The coverage objective is to locate a set of targets in the area and to minimize the robots’ energy consumption. The robots have no prior knowledge about the location and also about the number of the targets in the area. One efficient approach that can be used to relax the robots’ lack of knowledge is to incorporate an auxiliary learning algorithm into the control scheme. A learning algorithm actually allows the robots to explore and study the unknown environment and to eventually overcome their lack of knowledge. The control algorithm itself is modeled based on game theory where the network of the robots use their collective information to play a non-cooperative potential game. The algorithm is tested via simulations to verify its performance and adaptability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20control" title="distributed control">distributed control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20theory" title=" game theory"> game theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-agent%20learning" title=" multi-agent learning"> multi-agent learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement%20learning" title=" reinforcement learning"> reinforcement learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61090/distributed-coverage-control-by-robot-networks-in-unknown-environments-using-a-modified-em-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Asymptotic Confidence Intervals for the Difference of Coefficients of Variation in Gamma Distributions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patarawan%20Sangnawakij">Patarawan Sangnawakij</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa-Aat%20Niwitpong"> Sa-Aat Niwitpong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we proposed two new confidence intervals for the difference of coefficients of variation, CIw and CIs, in two independent gamma distributions. These proposed confidence intervals using the close form method of variance estimation which was presented by Donner and Zou (2010) based on concept of Wald and Score confidence interval, respectively. Monte Carlo simulation study is used to evaluate the performance, coverage probability and expected length, of these confidence intervals. The results indicate that values of coverage probabilities of the new confidence interval based on Wald and Score are satisfied the nominal coverage and close to nominal level 0.95 in various situations, particularly, the former proposed confidence interval is better when sample sizes are small. Moreover, the expected lengths of the proposed confidence intervals are nearly difference when sample sizes are moderate to large. Therefore, in this study, the confidence interval for the difference of coefficients of variation which based on Wald is preferable than the other one confidence interval. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confidence%20interval" title="confidence interval">confidence interval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=score%E2%80%99s%20interval" title=" score’s interval"> score’s interval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wald%E2%80%99s%20interval" title=" wald’s interval"> wald’s interval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20variation" title=" coefficient of variation"> coefficient of variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20distribution" title=" gamma distribution"> gamma distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20study" title=" simulation study"> simulation study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29254/asymptotic-confidence-intervals-for-the-difference-of-coefficients-of-variation-in-gamma-distributions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Improved Cooperative Communication Scheme in the Edge of Cell Coverage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myoung-Jin%20Kim">Myoung-Jin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeong-Seop%20Ahn"> Yeong-Seop Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Jee%20Yang"> Hyun-Jee Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoung-Kyu%20Song"> Hyoung-Kyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes the new cooperative communication scheme for the wireless communication system. When the receiver is located in the edge of coverage, the signal from the transmitter is distorted by the inter-cell interference (ICI) and power reduction by distance. In order to improve communication performance, the proposed scheme adds the relay. By using the relay, the receiver receives the signal from the transmitter and relay at the same time. Therefore, the new cooperative communication scheme obtains diversity gain and is improved by the relay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20communication" title="cooperative communication">cooperative communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity%20gain" title=" diversity gain"> diversity gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33098/improved-cooperative-communication-scheme-in-the-edge-of-cell-coverage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">609</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Activities for Increasing Childhood Vaccination Coverage of the Refugee and Migrant Population, Greece, European Program PHILOS, 2017</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Silvestros">C. Silvestros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mellou"> K. Mellou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Georgakopoulou"> T. Georgakopoulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Koustenis"> A. Koustenis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kokkinou"> E. Kokkinou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Botsi"> C. Botsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Terzidis"> A. Terzidis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 'PHILOS – Emergency health response to refugee crisis' is a programme of the Greek Ministry of Health, implemented by the Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention (HCDCP) funded by the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF) of EU’s DG Migration and Home Affairs. One of the main objectives of the program is the immunization coverage of the target – population to assure the prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases. The program foresees vaccination needs assessment of children hosted at camps at the mainland and implementation of interventions to cover the vaccination gaps in co-operation with the Ministry of Health. The National Immunization Advisory Committee in Greece recommended that MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella), PCV (Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) and HEXA (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccines should be performed in priority. Recording was completed at 24 camps (May - June 2017); 3381 children (0-18 years) were recorded. The median number of children hosted at each camp was 95 (range: 5-553). For 68% of the children, the WHO vaccination booklet was available. 44%, 48.5% and 61% of the children were vaccinated with at least one dose of PCV, HEXA, and MMR, respectively. The proportion of vaccinated children for the three vaccines mentioned above is significantly lower for the remaining doses; PCV (second dose 8%, third dose 1.3%), HEXA (second dose 13%, third dose 2.7%, forth dose 0.1%) and MMR (second dose 23%). None of the 37 (10 from Afghanistan, 3 from Bangladesh, 23 from Pakistan, 1 from Syria) recorded unaccompanied children did not have a WHO vaccination booklet and were considered unvaccinated. There is no differentiation in vaccination coverage among different ethnicities. Massive catch up vaccination was performed at 4 camps, and 671 vaccinations were performed (245 PCV, 307 HEXA, and 119 MMR). Similar interventions are planned for all camps of the country. Recording reveled gaps in vaccination coverage of the population, mainly because of the mobility of the population, the influx of refugees- which is still ongoing- and new births. Mass vaccination campaigns are considered vital in order to increase vaccination coverage, and continuous efforts are needed in order all children living at the camps to have full access to the National Childhood Immunization Program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine%20preventable" title="vaccine preventable">vaccine preventable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refugee%E2%80%93migrants%20camps" title=" refugee–migrants camps"> refugee–migrants camps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination%20coverage" title=" vaccination coverage"> vaccination coverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCV" title=" PCV"> PCV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MMR" title=" MMR"> MMR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEXA" title=" HEXA"> HEXA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77245/activities-for-increasing-childhood-vaccination-coverage-of-the-refugee-and-migrant-population-greece-european-program-philos-2017" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Simulation of Colombian Exchange Rate to Cover the Exchange Risk Using Financial Options Like Hedge Strategy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20M.%20Acevedo">Natalia M. Acevedo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20M.%20Jimenez"> Luis M. Jimenez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erick%20Lambis"> Erick Lambis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Imperfections in the capital market are used to argue the relevance of the corporate risk management function. With corporate hedge, the value of the company is increased by reducing the volatility of the expected cash flow and making it possible to face a lower bankruptcy costs and financial difficulties, without sacrificing tax advantages for debt financing. With the propose to avoid exchange rate troubles over cash flows of Colombian exporting firms, this dissertation uses financial options, over exchange rate between Peso and Dollar, for realizing a financial hedge. In this study, a strategy of hedge is designed for an exporting company in Colombia with the objective of preventing fluctuations because, if the exchange rate down, the number of Colombian pesos that obtains the company by exports, is less than agreed. The exchange rate of Colombia is measured by the TRM (Representative Market Rate), representing the number of Colombian pesos for an American dollar. First, the TMR is modelled through the Geometric Brownian Motion, with this, the project price is simulated using Montecarlo simulations and finding the mean of TRM for three, six and twelve months. For financial hedging, currency options were used. The 6-month projection was covered with financial options on European-type currency with a strike price of $ 2,780.47 for each month; this value corresponds to the last value of the historical TRM. In the compensation of the options in each month, the price paid for the premium, calculated with the Black-Scholes method for currency options, was considered. Finally, with the modeling of prices and the Monte Carlo simulation, the effect of the exchange hedging with options on the exporting company was determined, this by means of the unit price estimate to which the dollars in the scenario without coverage were changed and scenario with coverage. After using the scenarios: is determinate that the TRM will have a bull trend and the exporting firm will be affected positively because they will get more pesos for each dollar. The results show that the financial options manage to reduce the exchange risk. The expected value with coverage is approximate to the expected value without coverage, but the 5% percentile with coverage is greater than without coverage. The foregoing indicates that in the worst scenarios the exporting companies will obtain better prices for the sale of the currencies if they cover. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=currency%20hedging" title="currency hedging">currency hedging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=futures" title=" futures"> futures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometric%20Brownian%20motion" title=" geometric Brownian motion"> geometric Brownian motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=options" title=" options"> options</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93475/simulation-of-colombian-exchange-rate-to-cover-the-exchange-risk-using-financial-options-like-hedge-strategy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Analysis of Network Connectivity for Ship-To-Ship Maritime Communication Using IEEE 802.11 on Maritime Environment of Tanjung Perak, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Fauzi%20Makarim">Ahmad Fauzi Makarim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okkie%20Puspitorini"> Okkie Puspitorini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hani%27ah%20Mahmudah"> Hani'ah Mahmudah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Adi%20Siswandari"> Nur Adi Siswandari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ari%20Wijayanti"> Ari Wijayanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a maritime country, Indonesia needs a solution in maritime connectivity which can assist the maritime communication system which including communication from harbor to the ship or ship to ship. The needs of many application services for maritime communication, whether for safety reasons until voyage service to help the process of voyage activity needs connection with a high bandwith. To support the government efforts in handling that kind of problem, a research is conducted in maritime communication issue by applying the new developed technology in Indonesia, namely IEEE 802.11. In this research, 3 outdoor WiFi devices are used in which have a frequency of 5.8 GHz. Maritime of Tanjung Perak harbor in Surabaya until Karang Jamuang Island are used as the location of the research with defining permission of ship node spreading by Navigation District Class 1. That maritime area formed by state 1 and state 2 areas which are the narrow area with average wave height of 0.7 meter based on the data from BMKG S urabaya. After that, wave height used as one of the parameters which are used in analyzing characteristic of signal propagation at sea surface, so it can be determined on the coverage area of transmitter system. In this research has been used three samples of outdoor wifi, there is the coverage of device A can be determined about 2256 meter, device B 4000 meter, and device C 1174 meter. Then to analyze of network connectivity for the ship to ship is used AODV routing algorithm system based on the value of the power transmit was smallest of all nodes within the transmitter coverage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20of%20Indonesia" title="maritime of Indonesia">maritime of Indonesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20communications" title=" maritime communications"> maritime communications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20wifi" title=" outdoor wifi"> outdoor wifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coverage" title=" coverage"> coverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AODV" title=" AODV"> AODV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55554/analysis-of-network-connectivity-for-ship-to-ship-maritime-communication-using-ieee-80211-on-maritime-environment-of-tanjung-perak-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Long Term Evolution Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Network in Unmanned Air Vehicles Platform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashagrie%20Getnet%20Flattie">Ashagrie Getnet Flattie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Line-of-sight (LOS) information, data rates, good quality, and flexible network service are limited by the fact that, for the duration of any given connection, they experience severe variation in signal strength due to fading and path loss. Wireless system faces major challenges in achieving wide coverage and capacity without affecting the system performance and to access data everywhere, all the time. In this paper, the cell coverage and edge rate of different Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) schemes in 20 MHz Long Term Evolution (LTE) system under Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) platform are investigated. After some background on the enormous potential of UAV, MIMO, and LTE in wireless links, the paper highlights the presented system model which attempts to realize the various benefits of MIMO being incorporated into UAV platform. The performances of the three MIMO LTE schemes are compared with the performance of 4x4 MIMO LTE in UAV scheme carried out to evaluate the improvement in cell radius, BER, and data throughput of the system in different morphology. The results show that significant performance gains such as bit error rate (BER), data rate, and coverage can be achieved by using the presented scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LTE" title="LTE">LTE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path%20loss" title=" path loss"> path loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAV" title=" UAV"> UAV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52706/long-term-evolution-multiple-input-multiple-output-network-in-unmanned-air-vehicles-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> CFD Simulations to Study the Cooling Effects of Different Greening Modifications </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=An-Shik%20Yang">An-Shik Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Yung%20Wen"> Chih-Yung Wen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiang-Ho%20Cheng"> Chiang-Ho Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Hsuan%20Juan">Yu-Hsuan Juan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to conduct computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations for evaluating the cooling efficacy from vegetation implanted in a public park in the Taipei, Taiwan. To probe the impacts of park renewal by means of adding three pavilions and supplementary green areas on urban microclimates, the simulated results have revealed that the park having a higher percentage of green coverage ratio (GCR) tended to experience a better cooling effect. These findings can be used to explore the effects of different greening modifications on urban environments for achieving an effective thermal comfort in urban public spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20simulations" title="CFD simulations">CFD simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Green%20Coverage%20Ratio" title=" Green Coverage Ratio"> Green Coverage Ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urban%20heat%20island" title=" Urban heat island"> Urban heat island</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urban%20Public%20Park" title=" Urban Public Park"> Urban Public Park</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24561/cfd-simulations-to-study-the-cooling-effects-of-different-greening-modifications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Approximate Confidence Interval for Effect Size Base on Bootstrap Resampling Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Phanyaem">S. Phanyaem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the confidence intervals for the effect size base on bootstrap resampling method. The meta-analytic confidence interval for effect size is proposed that are easy to compute. A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to compare the performance of the proposed confidence intervals with the existing confidence intervals. The best confidence interval method will have a coverage probability close to 0.95. Simulation results have shown that our proposed confidence intervals perform well in terms of coverage probability and expected length. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect%20size" title="effect size">effect size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confidence%20interval" title=" confidence interval"> confidence interval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bootstrap%20method" title=" bootstrap method"> bootstrap method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resampling" title=" resampling"> resampling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10667/approximate-confidence-interval-for-effect-size-base-on-bootstrap-resampling-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">596</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Comparative Coverage Analysis of Football and Other Sports by the Leading English Newspapers of India during FIFA World Cup 2014</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajender%20Lal">Rajender Lal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seema%20Kaushik"> Seema Kaushik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War. Its 20th edition took place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July 2014, which was won by Germany. The World Cup is the most widely viewed and followed sporting event in the world, exceeding even the Olympic Games; the cumulative audience of all matches of the 2006 FIFA World Cup was estimated to be 26.29 billion with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the final match, a ninth of the entire population of the planet. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news. The news includes political events and personalities, business and finance, crime, severe weather, and natural disasters; health and medicine, science, and technology; sports; and entertainment, society, food and cooking, clothing and home fashion, and the arts. It became curiosity to investigate that how much coverage is given to this most widely viewed international event as compared to other sports in India. Hence, the present study was conducted with the aim of examining the comparative coverage of FIFA World Cup 2014 and other sports in the four leading Newspapers of India including Hindustan Times, The Hindu, The Times of India, and The Tribune. Specific objectives were to measure the source of news, type of news items and the placement of news related to FIFA World Cup and other sports. Representative sample of ten editions each of the four English dailies was chosen for the purpose of the study. The analysis was based on the actual scanning of data from the representative sample of the dailies for the period of the competition. It can be concluded from the analysis that this event was given maximum coverage by the Hindustan Times while other sports were equally covered by The Hindu. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coverage%20analysis" title="coverage analysis">coverage analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FIFA%20World%20Cup%202014" title=" FIFA World Cup 2014"> FIFA World Cup 2014</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hindustan%20Times" title=" Hindustan Times"> Hindustan Times</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Hindu" title=" the Hindu"> the Hindu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=The%20Times%20of%20India" title=" The Times of India"> The Times of India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=The%20Tribune" title=" The Tribune"> The Tribune</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48836/comparative-coverage-analysis-of-football-and-other-sports-by-the-leading-english-newspapers-of-india-during-fifa-world-cup-2014" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Ambulatory Care Utilization of Individuals with Cerebral Palsy in Taiwan- A Country with Universal Coverage and No Gatekeeper Regulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Juei%20Chang">Ming-Juei Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui-Ing%20Ma"> Hui-Ing Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsung-Hsueh%20Lu"> Tsung-Hsueh Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Because of the advance of medical care (e.g., ventilation techniques and gastrostomy feeding), more and more children with CP can live to adulthood. However, little is known about the use of health care services from children to adults who have CP. The patterns of utilization of ambulatory care are heavily influenced by insurance coverage and primary care gatekeeper regulation. The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of ambulatory care utilization among individuals with CP in Taiwan, a country with universal coverage and no gatekeeper regulation. Methods: A representative sample of one million patients (about 1/23 of total population) covered by Taiwan’s National Health Insurance was used to analyze the ambulatory care utilization in individuals with CP. Data were analyzed by 3 different age groups (children, youth and adults) during 2000 to 2003. Participants were identified by the presence of CP diagnosis made by pediatricians or physicians of physical and rehabilitation medicine and stated at least three times in claims data. Results: Annual rates of outpatient physician visits were 31680 for children, 16492 for youth, and 28617 for adults with CP (per 1000 persons). Individuals with CP received over 50% of their outpatient care from hospital outpatient department. Higher use of specialist physician services was found in children (54.7%) than in the other two age groups (28.4% in youth and 18.8% in adults). Diseases of respiratory system were the most frequent diagnoses for visits in both children and youth with CP. Diseases of the circulatory system were the main reasons (24.3%) that adults with CP visited hospital outpatient care department or clinics. Conclusion: This study showed different patterns of ambulatory care utilization among different age groups. It appears that youth and adults with CP continue to have complex health issues and rely heavily on the health care system. Additional studies are needed to determine the factors which influence ambulatory care utilization among individuals with CP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebral%20palsy" title="cerebral palsy">cerebral palsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20services" title=" health services"> health services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifespan" title=" lifespan"> lifespan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universal%20coverage" title=" universal coverage"> universal coverage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37371/ambulatory-care-utilization-of-individuals-with-cerebral-palsy-in-taiwan-a-country-with-universal-coverage-and-no-gatekeeper-regulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Authorization of Commercial Communication Satellite Grounds for Promoting Turkish Data Relay System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celal%20Dudak">Celal Dudak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asl%C4%B1%20Utku"> Aslı Utku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burak%20Ya%C4%9Flio%C4%9Flu"> Burak Yağlioğlu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Uninterrupted and continuous satellite communication through the whole orbit time is becoming more indispensable every day. Data relay systems are developed and built for various high/low data rate information exchanges like TDRSS of USA and EDRSS of Europe. In these missions, a couple of task-dedicated communication satellites exist. In this regard, for Turkey a data relay system is attempted to be defined exchanging low data rate information (i.e. TTC) for Earth-observing LEO satellites appointing commercial GEO communication satellites all over the world. First, justification of this attempt is given, demonstrating duration enhancements in the link. Discussion of preference of RF communication is, also, given instead of laser communication. Then, preferred communication GEOs – including TURKSAT4A already belonging to Turkey- are given, together with the coverage enhancements through STK simulations and the corresponding link budget. Also, a block diagram of the communication system is given on the LEO satellite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title="communication">communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GEO%20satellite" title=" GEO satellite"> GEO satellite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20relay%20system" title=" data relay system"> data relay system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coverage" title=" coverage"> coverage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45926/authorization-of-commercial-communication-satellite-grounds-for-promoting-turkish-data-relay-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> O-LEACH: The Problem of Orphan Nodes in the LEACH of Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wassim%20Jerbi">Wassim Jerbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmen%20Guermazi"> Abderrahmen Guermazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafedh%20Trabelsi"> Hafedh Trabelsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The optimum use of coverage in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is very important. LEACH protocol called Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy, presents a hierarchical clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks. LEACH is a protocol that allows the formation of distributed cluster. In each cluster, LEACH randomly selects some sensor nodes called cluster heads (CHs). The selection of CHs is made with a probabilistic calculation. It is supposed that each non-CH node joins a cluster and becomes a cluster member. Nevertheless, some CHs can be concentrated in a specific part of the network. Thus, several sensor nodes cannot reach any CH. to solve this problem. We created an O-LEACH Orphan nodes protocol, its role is to reduce the sensor nodes which do not belong the cluster. The cluster member called Gateway receives messages from neighboring orphan nodes. The gateway informs CH having the neighboring nodes that not belong to any group. However, Gateway called (CH') attaches the orphaned nodes to the cluster and then collected the data. O-Leach enables the formation of a new method of cluster, leads to a long life and minimal energy consumption. Orphan nodes possess enough energy and seeks to be covered by the network. The principal novel contribution of the proposed work is O-LEACH protocol which provides coverage of the whole network with a minimum number of orphaned nodes and has a very high connectivity rates.As a result, the WSN application receives data from the entire network including orphan nodes. The proper functioning of the Application requires, therefore, management of intelligent resources present within each the network sensor. The simulation results show that O-LEACH performs better than LEACH in terms of coverage, connectivity rate, energy and scalability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSNs%3B%20routing%3B%20LEACH%3B%20O-LEACH%3B%20Orphan%20nodes%3B%20sub-cluster%3B%20gateway%3B%20CH%E2%80%99" title="WSNs; routing; LEACH; O-LEACH; Orphan nodes; sub-cluster; gateway; CH’">WSNs; routing; LEACH; O-LEACH; Orphan nodes; sub-cluster; gateway; CH’</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43405/o-leach-the-problem-of-orphan-nodes-in-the-leach-of-routing-protocol-for-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Cover Layer Evaluation in Soil Organic Matter of Mixing and Compressed Unsaturated</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nayara%20Torres%20B.%20Acioli">Nayara Torres B. Acioli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Fernando%20T.%20Juc%C3%A1"> José Fernando T. Jucá</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The uncontrolled emission of gases in urban residues' embankment located near urban areas is a social and environmental problem, common in Brazilian cities. Several environmental impacts in the local and global scope may be generated by atmospheric air contamination by the biogas resulted from the decomposition of solid urban materials. In Brazil, the cities of small size figure mostly with 90% of all cities, with the population smaller than 50,000 inhabitants, according to the 2011 IBGE' census, most of the landfill covering layer is composed of clayey, pure soil. The embankments undertaken with pure soil may reach up to 60% of retention of methane, for the other 40% it may be dispersed into the atmosphere. In face of this figures the oxidative covering layer is granted some space of study, envisaging to reduce this perceptual available in the atmosphere, releasing, in spite of methane, carbonic gas which is almost 20 times as less polluting than Methane. This paper exposes the results of studies on the characteristics of the soil used for the oxidative coverage layer of the experimental embankment of Solid Urban Residues (SUR), built in Muribeca-PE, Brazil, supported of the Group of Solid Residues (GSR), located at Federal University of Pernambuco, through laboratory vacuum experiments (determining the characteristics curve), granularity, and permeability, that in soil with saturation over 85% offers dramatic drops in the test of permeability to the air, by little increments of water, based in the existing Brazilian norm for this procedure. The suction was studied, as in the other tests, from the division of prospection of an oxidative coverage layer of 60cm, in the upper half (0.1 m to 0.3 m) and lower half (0.4 m to 0.6 m). Therefore, the consequences to be presented from the lixiviation of the fine materials after 5 years of finalization of the embankment, what made its permeability increase. Concerning its humidity, it is most retained in the upper part, that comprises the compound, with a difference in the order of 8 percent the superior half to inferior half, retaining the least suction from the surface. These results reveal the efficiency of the oxidative coverage layer in retaining the rain water, it has a lower cost when compared to the other types of layer, offering larger availability of this layer as an alternative for a solution for the appropriate disposal of residues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20coverage%20layer" title="oxidative coverage layer">oxidative coverage layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability" title=" permeability"> permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction" title=" suction"> suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation" title=" saturation"> saturation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27863/cover-layer-evaluation-in-soil-organic-matter-of-mixing-and-compressed-unsaturated" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Seasonal Assessment of Snow Cover Dynamics Based on Aerospace Multispectral Data on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands in Antarctica and on Svalbard in Arctic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temenuzhka%20Spasova">Temenuzhka Spasova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadya%20Yanakieva"> Nadya Yanakieva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Snow modulates the hydrological cycle and influences the functioning of ecosystems and is a significant resource for many populations whose water is harvested from cold regions. Snow observations are important for validating climate models. The accumulation and rapid melt of snow are two of the most dynamical seasonal environmental changes on the Earth’s surface. The actuality of this research is related to the modern tendencies of the remote sensing application in the solution of problems of different nature in the ecological monitoring of the environment. The subject of the study is the dynamic during the different seasons on Livingstone Island, South Shetland Islands in Antarctica and on Svalbard in Arctic. The objects were analyzed and mapped according to the Еuropean Space Agency data (ESA), acquired by sensors Sentinel-1 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), Sentinel 2 MSI and GIS. Results have been obtained for changes in snow coverage during the summer-winter transition and its dynamics in the two hemispheres. The data used is of high time-spatial resolution, which is an advantage when looking at the snow cover. The MSI images are with different spatial resolution at the Earth surface range. The changes of the environmental objects are shown with the SAR images and different processing approaches. The results clearly show that snow and snow melting can be best registered by using SAR data via hh- horizontal polarization. The effect of the researcher on aerospace data and technology enables us to obtain different digital models, structuring and analyzing results excluding the subjective factor. Because of the large extent of terrestrial snow coverage and the diﬃculties in obtaining ground measurements over cold regions, remote sensing and GIS represent an important tool for studying snow areas and properties from regional to global scales. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20changes" title="climate changes">climate changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAR%20images" title=" SAR images"> SAR images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snow%20coverage" title=" snow coverage"> snow coverage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98559/seasonal-assessment-of-snow-cover-dynamics-based-on-aerospace-multispectral-data-on-livingston-island-south-shetland-islands-in-antarctica-and-on-svalbard-in-arctic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Study of Influencing Factors on the Flowability of Jute Nonwoven Reinforced Sheet Molding Compound</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miriam%20I.%20Lautenschl%C3%A4ger">Miriam I. Lautenschläger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Max%20H.%20Scheiwe"> Max H. Scheiwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kay%20A.%20Weidenmann"> Kay A. Weidenmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Henning"> Frank Henning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Elsner"> Peter Elsner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to increasing environmental awareness jute fibers are more often used in fiber reinforced composites. In the Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) process, the mold cavity is filled via material flow allowing more complex component design. But, the difficulty of using jute fibers in this process is the decreased capacity of fiber movement in the mold. A comparative flow study with jute nonwoven reinforced SMC was conducted examining the influence of the fiber volume content, the grammage of the jute nonwoven textile and a mechanical modification of the nonwoven textile on the flowability. The nonwoven textile reinforcement was selected to support homogeneous fiber distribution. Trials were performed using two SMC paste formulations differing only in filler type. Platy-shaped kaolin with a mean particle size of 0.8 μm and ashlar calcium carbonate with a mean particle size of 2.7 μm were selected as fillers. Ensuring comparability of the two SMC paste formulations the filler content was determined to reach equal initial viscosity for both systems. The calcium carbonate filled paste was set as reference. The flow study was conducted using a jute nonwoven textile with 300 g/m² as reference. The manufactured SMC sheets were stacked and centrally placed in a square mold. The mold coverage was varied between 25 and 90% keeping the weight of the stack for comparison constant. Comparing the influence of the two fillers kaolin yielded better results regarding a homogeneous fiber distribution. A mold coverage of about 68% was already sufficient to homogeneously fill the mold cavity whereas for calcium carbonate filled system about 79% mold coverage was necessary. The flow study revealed a strong influence of the fiber volume content on the flowability. A fiber volume content of 12 vol.-% and 25 vol.-% were compared for both SMC formulations. The lower fiber volume content strongly supported fiber transport whereas 25 vol.-% showed insignificant influence. The results indicate a limiting fiber volume content for the flowability. The influence of the nonwoven textile grammage was determined using nonwoven jute material with 500 g/m² and a fiber volume content of 20 vol.-%. The 500 g/m² reinforcement material showed inferior results with regard to fiber movement. A mold coverage of about 90 % was required to prevent the destruction of the nonwoven structure. Below this mold coverage the 500 g/m² nonwoven material was ripped and torn apart. Low mold coverages led to damage of the textile reinforcement. Due to the ripped nonwoven structure the textile was modified with cuts in order to facilitate fiber movement in the mold. Parallel cuts of about 20 mm length and 20 mm distance to each other were applied to the textile and stacked with varying orientations prior to molding. Stacks with unidirectional orientated cuts over stacks with cuts in various directions e.g. (0°, 45°, 90°, -45°) were investigated. The mechanical modification supported tearing of the textile without achieving benefit for the flowability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filler" title="filler">filler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flowability" title=" flowability"> flowability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jute%20fiber" title=" jute fiber"> jute fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonwoven" title=" nonwoven"> nonwoven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheet%20molding%20compound" title=" sheet molding compound"> sheet molding compound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55517/study-of-influencing-factors-on-the-flowability-of-jute-nonwoven-reinforced-sheet-molding-compound" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Interference Management in Long Term Evolution-Advanced System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selma%20Sbit">Selma Sbit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Bechir%20Dadi"> Mohamed Bechir Dadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belgacem%20Chibani%20Rhaimi"> Belgacem Chibani Rhaimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Incorporating Home eNodeB (HeNB) in cellular networks, e.g. Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A), is beneficial for extending coverage and enhancing capacity at low price especially within the non-line-of sight (NLOS) environments such as homes. HeNB or femtocell is a small low powered base station which provides radio coverage to the mobile users in an indoor environment. This deployment results in a heterogeneous network where the available spectrum becomes shared between two layers. Therefore, a problem of Inter Cell Interference (ICI) appears. This issue is the main challenge in LTE-A. To deal with this challenge, various techniques based on frequency, time and power control are proposed. This paper deals with the impact of carrier aggregation and higher order MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) schemes on the LTE-Advanced performance. Simulation results show the advantages of these schemes on the system capacity (4.10<sup>9 </sup>b/s/Hz when bandwidth B=100 MHz and when applying MIMO 8x8 for SINR=30 dB), maximum theoretical peak data rate (more than 4 Gbps for B=100 MHz and when MIMO 8x8 is used) and spectral efficiency (15 b/s/Hz and 30b/s/Hz when MIMO 4x4 and MIMO 8x8 are applying respectively for SINR=30 dB). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity" title="capacity">capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrier%20aggregation" title=" carrier aggregation"> carrier aggregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LTE-Advanced" title=" LTE-Advanced"> LTE-Advanced</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO%20%28Multiple%20Input%20Multiple%20Output%29" title=" MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)"> MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20data%20rate" title=" peak data rate"> peak data rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20efficiency" title=" spectral efficiency"> spectral efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77745/interference-management-in-long-term-evolution-advanced-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Taking Sides: The Frames of Online Media on the Bilateral Relationship between Moslem Countries (Malaysia and Indonesia)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gatut%20Priyowidodo">Gatut Priyowidodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20I.%20Indrayani"> I. I. Indrayani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relations between Indonesia and Malaysia are always full of colors. Indonesia is always known as old brother of Malaysia since it has similar history, religion also socio culturally. Some decades show that the declination of relationship the both countries. Another time, as ASEAN members the two countries devotes their nationalities to purify their collective identities as Eastern. The objective of the research is to extricate the construction of Kompas online and Utusan online toward news coverage of the borders dispute between Indonesia-Malaysia in 2010. This research is proposed to examine central issues which reported by Kompas online and Utusan online consistently. As a media industry, Kompas coverage dominates circulation nationally. Kompas.com was the pioneer of online news in Indonesia and born in reformation era. Utusan is prominent media industry in Malaysia that conducted by UMNO as the ruling party in Malaysia for some periods. The method used in this research is framing method by Robert N. Entman’s which consists of four steps identification: defining problem, diagnosing causes, moral judgment and a treatment recommendation. This research found that Kompas news covered the border dispute must be negotiated as recognition of Indonesia dignity. In contrary, Utusan’s spectacle focused on the Indonesia demonstrans anarchism during the dispute. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20media" title="online media">online media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20construction" title=" media construction"> media construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20border%20dispute" title=" the border dispute"> the border dispute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia-Malaysia%E2%80%99s%20bilateral%20relations" title=" Indonesia-Malaysia’s bilateral relations"> Indonesia-Malaysia’s bilateral relations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9876/taking-sides-the-frames-of-online-media-on-the-bilateral-relationship-between-moslem-countries-malaysia-and-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9876.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> An Action Toolkit for Health Care Services Driving Disability Inclusion in Universal Health Coverage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jill%20Hanass-Hancock">Jill Hanass-Hancock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bradley%20Carpenter"> Bradley Carpenter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samantha%20Willan"> Samantha Willan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristin%20Dunkle"> Kristin Dunkle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Access to quality health care for persons with disabilities is the litmus test in our strive toward universal health coverage. Persons with disabilities experience a variety of health disparities related to increased health risks, greater socioeconomic challenges, and persistent ableism in the provision of health care. In low- and middle-income countries, the support needed to address the diverse needs of persons with disabilities and close the gaps in inclusive and accessible health care can appear overwhelming to staff with little knowledge and tools available. An action-orientated disability inclusion toolkit for health facilities was developed through consensus-building consultations and field testing in South Africa. The co-creation of the toolkit followed a bottom-up approach with healthcare staff and persons with disabilities in two developmental cycles. In cycle one, a disability facility assessment tool was developed to increase awareness of disability accessibility and service delivery gaps in primary healthcare services in a simple and action-orientated way. In cycle two, an intervention menu was created, enabling staff to respond to identified gaps and improve accessibility and inclusion. Each cycle followed five distinct steps of development: a review of needs and existing tools, design of the draft tool, consensus discussion to adapt the tool, pilot-testing and adaptation of the tool, and identification of the next steps. The continued consultations, adaptations, and field-testing allowed the team to discuss and test several adaptations while co-creating a meaningful and feasible toolkit with healthcare staff and persons with disabilities. This approach led to a simplified tool design with ‘key elements’ needed to achieve universal health coverage: universal design of health facilities, reasonable accommodation, health care worker training, and care pathway linkages. The toolkit was adapted for paper or digital data entry, produces automated, instant facility reports, and has easy-to-use training guides and online modules. The cyclic approach enabled the team to respond to emerging needs. The pilot testing of the facility assessment tool revealed that healthcare workers took significant actions to change their facilities after an assessment. However, staff needed information on how to improve disability accessibility and inclusion, where to acquire accredited training, and how to improve disability data collection, referrals, and follow-up. Hence, intervention options were needed for each ‘key element’. In consultation with representatives from the health and disability sectors, tangible and feasible solutions/interventions were identified. This process included the development of immediate/low-cost and long-term solutions. The approach gained buy-in from both sectors, who called for including the toolkit in the standard quality assessments for South Africa’s health care services. Furthermore, the process identified tangible solutions for each ‘key element’ and highlighted where research and development are urgently needed. The cyclic and consultative approach enabled the development of a feasible facility assessment tool and a complementary intervention menu, moving facilities toward universal health coverage for and persons with disabilities in low- or better-resourced contexts while identifying gaps in the availability of interventions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title="public health">public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disability" title=" disability"> disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title=" accessibility"> accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20health%20care" title=" inclusive health care"> inclusive health care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universal%20health%20coverage" title=" universal health coverage"> universal health coverage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172780/an-action-toolkit-for-health-care-services-driving-disability-inclusion-in-universal-health-coverage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Optimization of Acid Treatments by Assessing Diversion Strategies in Carbonate and Sandstone Formations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ragi%20Poyyara">Ragi Poyyara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijaya%20Patnana"> Vijaya Patnana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Alam"> Mohammed Alam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When acid is pumped into damaged reservoirs for damage removal/stimulation, distorted inflow of acid into the formation occurs caused by acid preferentially traveling into highly permeable regions over low permeable regions, or (in general) into the path of least resistance. This can lead to poor zonal coverage and hence warrants diversion to carry out an effective placement of acid. Diversion is desirably a reversible technique of temporarily reducing the permeability of high perm zones, thereby forcing the acid into lower perm zones. The uniqueness of each reservoir can pose several challenges to engineers attempting to devise optimum and effective diversion strategies. Diversion techniques include mechanical placement and/or chemical diversion of treatment fluids, further sub-classified into ball sealers, bridge plugs, packers, particulate diverters, viscous gels, crosslinked gels, relative permeability modifiers (RPMs), foams, and/or the use of placement techniques, such as coiled tubing (CT) and the maximum pressure difference and injection rate (MAPDIR) methodology. It is not always realized that the effectiveness of diverters greatly depends on reservoir properties, such as formation type, temperature, reservoir permeability, heterogeneity, and physical well characteristics (e.g., completion type, well deviation, length of treatment interval, multiple intervals, etc.). This paper reviews the mechanisms by which each variety of diverter functions and discusses the effect of various reservoir properties on the efficiency of diversion techniques. Guidelines are recommended to help enhance productivity from zones of interest by choosing the best methods of diversion while pumping an optimized amount of treatment fluid. The success of an overall acid treatment often depends on the effectiveness of the diverting agents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversion" title="diversion">diversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir" title=" reservoir"> reservoir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zonal%20coverage" title=" zonal coverage"> zonal coverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbonate" title=" carbonate"> carbonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandstone" title=" sandstone"> sandstone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12334/optimization-of-acid-treatments-by-assessing-diversion-strategies-in-carbonate-and-sandstone-formations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Investigating Software Engineering Challenges in Game Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawad%20Zaidi">Fawad Zaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses a variety of challenges and solutions involved with creating computer games and the issues faced by the software engineers working in this field. This review further investigates the articles coverage of project scope and the problem of feature creep that appears to be inherent with game development. The paper tries to answer the following question: Is this a problem caused by a shortage, or bad software engineering practices, or is this outside the control of the software engineering component of the game production process? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20engineering" title="software engineering">software engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20games" title=" computer games"> computer games</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20applications" title=" software applications"> software applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1774/investigating-software-engineering-challenges-in-game-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Where do Pregnant Women Miss Out on Nutrition? Analysis of Survey Data from 22 Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexis%20D%27Agostino">Alexis D'Agostino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celeste%20Sununtunasuk"> Celeste Sununtunasuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jack%20Fiedler"> Jack Fiedler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation during antenatal care (ANC) has existed in many countries for decades. Despite this, low national coverage persists and women do not often consume appropriate amounts during pregnancy. USAID’s SPRING Project investigated pregnant women’s access to, and consumption of, IFA tablets through ANC. Cross-country analysis provided a global picture of the state of IFA-supplementation, while country-specific results noted key contextual issues, including geography, wealth, and ANC attendance. The analysis can help countries prioritize strategies for systematic performance improvements within one of the most common micronutrient supplementation programs aimed at reducing maternal anemia. Methodology: Using falter point analysis on Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data collected from 162,958 women across 22 countries, SPRING identified four sequential falter points (ANC attendance, IFA receipt or purchase, IFA consumption, and number of tablets taken) where pregnant women fell out of the IFA distribution structure. SPRING analyzed data on IFA intake from DHS surveys with women of reproductive age. SPRING disaggregated these data by ANC participation during the most recent pregnancy, residency, and women’s socio-economic status. Results: Average sufficient IFA tablet use across all countries was only eight percent. Even in the best performing countries, only about one-third of pregnant women consumed 180 or more IFA tablets during their most recent pregnancy. ANC attendance was an important falter point for a quarter of women across all countries (with highest falter rates in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, and Niger). Further analysis reveals patterns, with some countries having high ANC coverage but low IFA provision during ANC (DRC and Haiti), others having high ANC coverage and IFA provision but few women taking any tablets (Nigeria and Liberia), and countries that perform well in ANC, supplies, and initial consumption but where very few women consume the recommended 180 tablets (Malawi and Cambodia). Country-level analysis identifies further patterns of supplementation. In Indonesia, for example, only 62% of women in the poorest quintile took even one IFA tablet, while 86% of the wealthiest women did. This association between socioeconomic status and IFA intake held across nearly all countries where these data are available and was also visible in rural/urban comparisons. Analysis of ANC attendance data also suggests that higher numbers of ANC visits are associated with higher tablet intake. Conclusions: While it is difficult to disentangle which specific aspects of supply or demand cause the low rates of consumption, this tool allows policy-makers to identify major bottlenecks to scaling-up IFA supplementation during ANC. In turn, each falter point provides possible explanations of program performance and helps strategically identify areas for improved IFA supplementation. For example, improving the delivery of IFA supplementation in Ethiopia relies on increasing access to ANC, but also on identifying and addressing program gaps in IFA supply management and health workers’ practices in order to provide quality ANC services. While every country requires a customized approach to improving IFA supplementation, the multi-country analysis conducted by SPRING is a helpful first step in identifying country bottlenecks and prioritizing interventions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20and%20folic%20acid" title="iron and folic acid">iron and folic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supplementation" title=" supplementation"> supplementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenatal%20care" title=" antenatal care"> antenatal care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micronutrient" title=" micronutrient"> micronutrient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26239/where-do-pregnant-women-miss-out-on-nutrition-analysis-of-survey-data-from-22-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> The Effect of Catastrophic Losses on Insurance Cycle: Case of Croatia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drago%20Jakov%C4%8Devi%C4%87">Drago Jakovčević</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maja%20Mihelja%20%C5%BDaja"> Maja Mihelja Žaja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper provides an analysis of the insurance cycle in the Republic of Croatia and whether they are affected by catastrophic losses on a global level. In general, it is considered that insurance cycles are particularly pronounced in periods of financial crisis, but are also affected by the growing number of catastrophic losses. They cause the change of insurance cycle and premium growth and intensification and narrowing of the coverage conditions, so these variables move in the same direction and these phenomena point to a new cycle. The main goal of this paper is to determine the existence of insurance cycle in the Republic of Croatia and investigate whether catastrophic losses have an influence on insurance cycles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic%20loss" title="catastrophic loss">catastrophic loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurance%20cycle" title=" insurance cycle"> insurance cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=premium" title=" premium"> premium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Republic%20of%20Croatia" title=" Republic of Croatia"> Republic of Croatia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7784/the-effect-of-catastrophic-losses-on-insurance-cycle-case-of-croatia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Ray Tracing Modified 3D Image Method Simulation of Picocellular Propagation Channel Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Alwafie">Fathi Alwafie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we present the simulation of the propagation characteristics of the picocellular propagation channel environment. The first aim has been to find a correct description of the environment for received wave. The result of the first investigations is that the environment of the indoor wave significantly changes as we change the electric parameters of material constructions. A modified 3D ray tracing image method tool has been utilized for the coverage prediction. A detailed analysis of the dependence of the indoor wave on the wide-band characteristics of the channel: Root Mean Square (RMS) delay spread characteristics and mean excess delay, is also investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation" title="propagation">propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ray%20tracing" title=" ray tracing"> ray tracing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20computing" title=" mobile computing"> mobile computing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4077/ray-tracing-modified-3d-image-method-simulation-of-picocellular-propagation-channel-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> A History of Knowledge Management: A Chronological Account from the 1970s to 2017</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexslis%20N.%20Maindze">Alexslis N. Maindze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge management (KM) has become an imperative to modern business growth, competitive edge, and sustainability. Though there has been extensive research in the field, this literature overview showcases massive gaps that exist on the coverage of the field’s rich and fascinating history. Particularly, accounts of the history of KM are inconsistent and fragmentary in breadth and depth. This paper presents new insights into the history of KM from the early 70s when the actual coinage ‘knowledge management’ entered the literature. It reveals how knowledge over the years was shrouded in secrecy and subsumed by technology. It makes a clear distinction between the histories of the debate around knowledge and that of KM. The paper also finds a history of KM filled with skepticisms and engulfed by an ‘intellectual paradox’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20management%20history" title="knowledge management history">knowledge management history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secrecy" title=" secrecy"> secrecy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skepticism" title=" skepticism"> skepticism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20paradox" title=" intellectual paradox"> intellectual paradox</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74333/a-history-of-knowledge-management-a-chronological-account-from-the-1970s-to-2017" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Wrinkling Prediction of Membrane Composite of Varying Orientation under In-Plane Shear</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Sabri">F. Sabri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Jamali"> J. Jamali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, the wrinkling failure of orthotropic composite membranes due to in-plane shear deformation is investigated using nonlinear finite element analyses. A nonlinear post-buckling analysis is performed to show the evolution of shear-induced wrinkles. The method of investigation is based on the post-buckling finite element analysis adopted from commercial FEM code; ANSYS. The resulting wrinkling patterns, their amplitude and their wavelengths under the prescribed loads and boundary conditions were confirmed by experimental results. Our study reveals that wrinkles develop when both the magnitudes and coverage of the minimum principal stresses in the laminated composite laminates are sufficiently large to trigger wrinkling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title="composite">composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wrinkling" title=" wrinkling"> wrinkling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88781/wrinkling-prediction-of-membrane-composite-of-varying-orientation-under-in-plane-shear" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right 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