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Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Conquest of Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Spanish conquest of Vélez de la Gomera</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Conquest of the Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars">Ottoman–Habsburg wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman-Portuguese_confrontations" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman-Portuguese confrontations">Ottoman-Portuguese confrontations</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>31 August–5 September 1564</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera</a>, Kingdom of Badis</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Spanish victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Genoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" 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data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal_(1521).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ottoman_red_flag.svg/23px-Ottoman_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ottoman_red_flag.svg/35px-Ottoman_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ottoman_red_flag.svg/45px-Ottoman_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire"><img alt="Spanish Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo_y_Osorio" title="García Álvarez de Toledo y Osorio">García de Toledo Osorio</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire"><img alt="Spanish Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>Sancho Martínez de Leyva<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire"><img alt="Spanish Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Baz%C3%A1n,_1st_Marquess_of_Santa_Cruz" class="mw-redirect" title="Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquess of Santa Cruz">Álvaro de Bazán</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa"><img alt="Republic of Genoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Genoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Genoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Genoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Andrea_Doria" title="Giovanni Andrea Doria">Giovanni Andrea Doria</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany"><img alt="Grand Duchy of Tuscany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_%28Medici_period%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_%28Medici_period%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_%28Medici_period%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_%28Medici_period%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_%28Medici_period%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_%28Medici_period%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chiappino_Vitelli" title="Chiappino Vitelli">Chiappino Vitelli</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal_(1521).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Barreto" title="Francisco Barreto">Francisco Barreto</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ottoman_red_flag.svg/23px-Ottoman_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ottoman_red_flag.svg/35px-Ottoman_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ottoman_red_flag.svg/45px-Ottoman_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Kara Mustafa<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ottoman_red_flag.svg/23px-Ottoman_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ottoman_red_flag.svg/35px-Ottoman_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ottoman_red_flag.svg/45px-Ottoman_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Ferret</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>93 galleys<br />60 sailing ships</li></ul></div> <ul><li>9,200 land force</li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 200 soldiers<br />Unknown number of reinforcements</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Minor</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Significant</td></tr></tbody></table> <div 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href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna_(1529)" title="Siege of Vienna (1529)">Vienna</a> (1529)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg%E2%80%93Ottoman_wars_in_Hungary_(1526%E2%80%931568)" title="Habsburg–Ottoman wars in Hungary (1526–1568)">Little Wars in Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg%E2%80%93Ottoman_war_of_1529%E2%80%931533" title="Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1529–1533">(1529–1533)</a> <a href="/wiki/Habsburg%E2%80%93Ottoman_war_of_1540%E2%80%931547" title="Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1540–1547">(1540–1547)</a> <a href="/wiki/Habsburg%E2%80%93Ottoman_war_of_1551%E2%80%931562" title="Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1551–1562">(1551–1562)</a> <a href="/wiki/Habsburg%E2%80%93Ottoman_war_of_1565%E2%80%931568" title="Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1565–1568">(1565–1568)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gy%C5%91r_(1577)" title="Battle of Győr (1577)">Győr</a> (1577)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bicske" title="Battle of Bicske">Bicske</a> (1578)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Turkish_War" title="Long Turkish War">Long War</a> (1593–1606)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocskai_uprising" title="Bocskai uprising">Bocskai uprising</a> (1604–1606)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_(1663%E2%80%931664)" title="Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664)">Austro-Turkish War</a> (1663–64)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Turkish_War" title="Great Turkish War">Great Turkish War</a> (1683–1699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_of_1716%E2%80%931718" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718">Austro-Turkish War</a> (1716–1718)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1735%E2%80%931739)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739)">Russo-Turkish War</a> (1735–1739)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_(1788%E2%80%931791)" title="Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)">Austro-Turkish War</a> (1788–91)</li></ul> <p><b>Mediterranean</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Castle_of_Saint_George" title="Siege of the Castle of Saint George">Cephalonia</a> (1500)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_raid_on_the_Balearic_Islands_(1501)" title="Ottoman raid on the Balearic Islands (1501)">Balearics</a> (1501)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_expedition_(1516)" title="Algiers expedition (1516)">1st Algiers</a> (1516)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Tlemcen_(1518)" title="Fall of Tlemcen (1518)">Tlemcen</a> (1518)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_expedition_(1519)" title="Algiers expedition (1519)">2nd Algiers</a> (1519)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_of_Algiers_(1529)" title="Capture of Peñón of Algiers (1529)">3rd Algiers</a> (1529)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Formentera" title="Battle of Formentera">Formentera</a> (1529)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_of_Cherchell_(1531)" title="Campaign of Cherchell (1531)">Cherchell</a> (1531)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Coron_(1533%E2%80%931534)" title="Siege of Coron (1533–1534)">Coron</a> (1533–1534)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1534)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1534)">1st Tunis</a> (1534)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1535)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1535)">2nd Tunis</a> (1535)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Mah%C3%B3n" title="Sack of Mahón">Mahón</a> (1535)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Preveza" title="Battle of Preveza">Preveza</a> (1538)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Castelnuovo" title="Siege of Castelnuovo">Castelnuovo</a> (1539)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Girolata" title="Battle of Girolata">Girolata</a> (1540)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albor%C3%A1n" title="Battle of Alborán">Alborán</a> (1540)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_expedition_(1541)" title="Algiers expedition (1541)">4th Algiers</a> (1541)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nice" title="Siege of Nice">Nice</a> (1543)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_Mostaganem_(1543)" title="Expedition to Mostaganem (1543)">1st Mostaganem</a> (1543)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Lipari" title="Sack of Lipari">Lipari</a> (1544)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Naples" title="Sack of Naples">Naples</a> (1544)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_Mostaganem_(1547)" title="Expedition to Mostaganem (1547)">2st Mostaganem</a> (1547)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Cullera" title="Sack of Cullera">Cullera</a> (1550)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Mahdia_(1550)" title="Capture of Mahdia (1550)">Mahdia</a> (1550)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Gozo_(1551)" title="Invasion of Gozo (1551)">1st Gozo</a> (1551)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli_(1551)" title="Siege of Tripoli (1551)">Tripoli</a> (1551)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ponza_(1552)" title="Battle of Ponza (1552)">Ponza</a> (1552)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Corsica_(1553)" title="Invasion of Corsica (1553)">Corsica</a> (1553–1559)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Vieste" title="Sack of Vieste">Viste</a> (1554)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa_(1555)" title="Capture of Béjaïa (1555)">Béjaïa</a> (1555)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Oran_(1556)" title="Siege of Oran (1556)">Oran</a> (1556)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_invasion_of_the_Balearic_Islands_(1558)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman invasion of the Balearic Islands (1558)">Balearics</a> (1558)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_Mostaganem_(1558)" title="Expedition to Mostaganem (1558)">3rd Mostaganem</a> (1558)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Djerba" title="Battle of Djerba">Djerba</a> (1560)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieges_of_Oran_and_Mers_El_K%C3%A9bir" title="Sieges of Oran and Mers El Kébir">Orán and Mers-el-Kébir</a> (1563)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera_expedition_(1563)" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera expedition (1563)">1st Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera</a> (1563)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Granada" title="Sack of Granada">Granada</a> (1563)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">2nd Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera</a> (1564)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Malta</a> (1565)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Tunis_(1569)" title="Capture of Tunis (1569)">3rd Tunis</a> (1569)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gozo_(1570)" title="Battle of Gozo (1570)">2nd Gozo</a> (1570)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto" title="Battle of Lepanto">Lepanto</a> (1571)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Navarino_(1572)" title="Siege of Navarino (1572)">Navarino</a> (1572)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1573)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1573)">4th Tunis</a> (1573)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1574)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1574)">5th Tunis</a> (1574)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_26_September_1575" title="Action of 26 September 1575">Cadaqués</a> (1575)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Lanzarote_(1586)" title="Sack of Lanzarote (1586)">Lanzarote</a> (1586)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chios_expedition_(1599)" title="Chios expedition (1599)">Chios</a> (1599)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hammamet" title="Battle of Hammamet">Hammamet</a> (1605)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_29_June_1609" title="Action of 29 June 1609">1nd La Goulette</a> (1609)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Corvo" title="Battle of Cape Corvo">Cape Corvo</a> (1613)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_May_1612" title="Action of May 1612">2nd La Goulette</a> (1612)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_%C5%BBejtun" title="Raid on Żejtun">Malta</a> (1614)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Celidonia" title="Battle of Cape Celidonia">Cape Celidonia</a> (1616)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Constantinople" title="Raid on Constantinople">Constantinople</a> (1616)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ottoman–Portuguese_conflicts" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Portuguese-Turkish_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Portuguese-Turkish War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Portuguese-Turkish_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Portuguese-Turkish War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Portuguese-Turkish_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Portuguese-Turkish War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ottoman–Portuguese_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Portuguese_confrontations" title="Ottoman–Portuguese confrontations"><span class="wrap">Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jeddah_(1517)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jeddah (1517)">Siege of Jeddah (1517)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ash-Shihr_(1531)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ash-Shihr (1531)">Battle of Ash-Shihr (1531)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Diu_(1531)" title="Siege of Diu (1531)">Siege of Diu (1531)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1535)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1535)">Conquest of Tunis (1535)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Portuguese_conflicts_(1538%E2%80%931560)" title="Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1560)">Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1560)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Conquest of Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malacca_(1568)" title="Siege of Malacca (1568)">Siege of Malacca (1568)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alc%C3%A1cer_Quibir" title="Battle of Alcácer Quibir">Battle of Alcácer Quibir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Muscat_(1581)" title="Capture of Muscat (1581)">Capture of Muscat (1581)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Portuguese_conflicts_(1586%E2%80%931589)" title="Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1586–1589)">Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1586–1589)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Madeira" title="Sack of Madeira">Sack of Madeira (1617)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1714%E2%80%931718)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718)">Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718)</a></li> <li>Battle at the Portuguese coast (1726)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">peñón de Vélez de la Gomera</a></b> by the <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Monarchy_(political_entity)" title="Hispanic Monarchy (political entity)">Hispanic Monarchy</a> happened in 1564. It succeeded a <a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera_expedition_(1563)" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera expedition (1563)">failed expedition</a> the previous year, and resulted in Spain taking control of the place as a <i><a href="/wiki/European_enclaves_in_North_Africa_before_1830" title="European enclaves in North Africa before 1830">plaza fuerte</a></i>, which continued up to present day.<sup id="cite_ref-EnUni_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnUni-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conquest_of_the_Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera_(1564)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spain <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera_(1508)" title="Conquest of the Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera (1508)">conquered</a> Vélez de la Gomera for the first time in 1509 during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand II</a>, when an army captained by <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Navarro" title="Pedro Navarro">Pedro Navarro</a> took it. Moor forces attempted to retake it multiple times, finally achieving it in 1522 from the hands of governor Juan de Villalobos. The Kingdom of Badis was so established, turning the peñón into a base of <a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" title="Barbary pirates">Barbary pirates</a> and privateering for the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. New Spanish attempts to conquer it happened in 1522 and 1563, heavily burdened by Spain's involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a> against <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a>, an ally of the Ottomans.<sup id="cite_ref-EnUni_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnUni-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1563, the same year as Sancho Martínez de Leiva Jr. failed to capture Vélez de la Gomera, King <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II</a> ordered to repeat the enterprise.<sup id="cite_ref-HG_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HG-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new expedition would include again Leiva and <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Baz%C3%A1n,_Marquis_of_Santa_Cruz" title="Álvaro de Bazán, Marquis of Santa Cruz">Álvaro de Bazán</a> the Younger, who had distinguished himself in the first despite his tactic advice went unheeded. Allied troops from the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Order of Malta</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a> joined them, gathering 6000 soldiers from the <i><a href="/wiki/Tercio" title="Tercio">Tercio</a> de Nápoles</i>, 2000 German <i><a href="/wiki/Landsknecht" title="Landsknecht">landsknecht</a></i> and 1200 Italian soldiers. Through this large contingent Philip wanted to take no more risks.<sup id="cite_ref-HG_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HG-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The expedition formed in Malaga, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo_y_Osorio" title="García Álvarez de Toledo y Osorio">García de Toledo Osorio</a>, and sailed off on August 29, reinforced by an additional <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> fleet on route. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conquest_of_the_Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera_(1564)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On August 31 they landed and attacked the nearby Torres de Alcalá, which they fortified. Leyva took command of the disembarked land army and headed for Vélez de la Gomera. They were forced to carry their artillery on hand due to the rugged terrain, but managed to reach the location and place artillery pieces in the Cantil and Baba hills. For his part, Turk corsair Kara Mustafa (not to mistake with the posterior <a href="/wiki/Kara_Mustafa_Pasha" title="Kara Mustafa Pasha">Kara Mustapha</a>) had supplied the fortress in anticipation of the attack and left for <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez</a>, where he gathered a relief army from the local <a href="/wiki/Wattasid_dynasty" title="Wattasid dynasty">Wattasid kingdom</a>, while his lieutenant Ferret stayed to guard Vélez de la Gomera with 200 men, believing its defensive positions would compensate the forces. The Spaniards surrounded the fortress and started bombarding it while repealing guerrilla attack from local Muslim bandits. </p><p>Deliberation was unnecessary, as Kara Mustafa didn't arrive in time, and judging impossible to resist, Ferret opted to abandon Vélez de la Gomera by night and in small bands in order not to be detected. Only 27 Turk soldiers refused to follow him, whose captain handed himself over to <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Andrea_Doria" title="Giovanni Andrea Doria">Giovanni Andrea Doria</a> and told him the situation. The Spanish obtained their promise of surrender and the fortress was occupied shortly after, finishing the siege after six days of fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-HG_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HG-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Maltese and Portuguese fleets left, after which García de Toledo left 1600 men as a garrison while the fortress was repaired and prepared to leave himself. He delayed his departure to fight off Kara Mustafa and his relief army, who arrived at that moment only to be routed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conquest_of_the_Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera_(1564)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vélez de la Gomera was added to the rest of Spanish strongholds in Africa, and Toledo was granted the <a href="/wiki/List_of_viceroys_of_Sicily" title="List of viceroys of Sicily">Viceroyalty of Sicily</a> for his services.<sup id="cite_ref-HG_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HG-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vélez de la Gomera would be attacked many times, with notable expeditions being Muley Amet with 10,000 men in 1680 and Muley Sidam with 14,000 in 1701, but they were all defeated. </p><p>Indignation rose in the Ottoman Empire for the defeat, adding to Sultan <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a>'s plans of a grand expedition against the Christian positions in the Western Mediterranean. After considering either Sicily or Malta, the latter was chosen, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Great Siege of Malta</a> the following year, where Toledo and a freed <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Sande" title="Álvaro de Sande">Álvaro de Sande</a> commanded the Spanish relief army.<sup id="cite_ref-HG_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HG-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conquest_of_the_Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera_(1564)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EnUni-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EnUni_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EnUni_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada</i>, pg. 693-696</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HG-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HG_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HG_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HG_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HG_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HG_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Historia general</i>, p. 22</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conquest_of_the_Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera_(1564)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Enciclopedia General del Mar</i>. Garriga, 1957.</li> <li><i>Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada - tomo 67</i>, <a href="/wiki/Espasa-Calpe" title="Espasa-Calpe">Espasa</a>, 1929.</li> <li><i>Historia general de España desde los tiempos primitivos hasta la muerte de Fernando VII</i>. 1883.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ces%C3%A1reo_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Duro" title="Cesáreo Fernández Duro">Cesáreo Fernández Duro</a> (1851), <i>La Armada Española desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y Aragón</i>.</li> <li>Agustín R. Rodríguez González (2017), <i>Álvaro de Bazán, Capitán general del Mar Océano</i>.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conquest_of_the_Peñón_de_Vélez_de_la_Gomera_(1564)&oldid=1259708128">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conquest_of_the_Peñón_de_Vélez_de_la_Gomera_(1564)&oldid=1259708128</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sieges_involving_Spain" title="Category:Sieges involving Spain">Sieges involving Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sieges_involving_Portugal" title="Category:Sieges involving Portugal">Sieges involving Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sieges_involving_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Sieges involving the Ottoman Empire">Sieges involving the Ottoman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1564" title="Category:Conflicts in 1564">Conflicts in 1564</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ottoman%E2%80%93Spanish_conflicts" title="Category:Ottoman–Spanish conflicts">Ottoman–Spanish conflicts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1564_in_Spain" title="Category:1564 in Spain">1564 in Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1564_in_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Category:1564 in the Spanish Empire">1564 in the Spanish Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:16th_century_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:16th century in the Ottoman Empire">16th century in the Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 17:02<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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