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open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the town in the United States, see <a href="/wiki/Volin,_South_Dakota" title="Volin, South Dakota">Volin, South Dakota</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum<a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a> (23 August [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 11 August] 1882 – 18 September 1945), commonly known by his pseudonym Volin,<a href="#cite_note-2">[b]</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Russian_anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian anarchist">Russian anarchist</a> intellectual. He became involved in <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary socialist">revolutionary socialist</a> politics during the <a href="/wiki/1905_Russian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1905 Russian Revolution">1905 Russian Revolution</a>, for which he was forced into exile, where he gravitated towards <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">anarcho-syndicalism</a>. <table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Volin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="ru"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Волин</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Photographic_Portrait_of_%22Voline%22_(Vsevolod_Mikhailivich_Eichenbaum).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait photograph of Volin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Photographic_Portrait_of_%22Voline%22_%28Vsevolod_Mikhailivich_Eichenbaum%29.png/220px-Photographic_Portrait_of_%22Voline%22_%28Vsevolod_Mikhailivich_Eichenbaum%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Photographic_Portrait_of_%22Voline%22_%28Vsevolod_Mikhailivich_Eichenbaum%29.png/330px-Photographic_Portrait_of_%22Voline%22_%28Vsevolod_Mikhailivich_Eichenbaum%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Photographic_Portrait_of_%22Voline%22_%28Vsevolod_Mikhailivich_Eichenbaum%29.png/440px-Photographic_Portrait_of_%22Voline%22_%28Vsevolod_Mikhailivich_Eichenbaum%29.png 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="904"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Revolutionary_Council" title="Military Revolutionary Council">Military Revolutionary Council</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 1 September 1919 – 31 January 1920</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Nestor Makhno</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Ivanovich_Popov" title="Dmitry Ivanovich Popov">Dmitry Popov</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum</div> 23 August [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 11 August] 1882 <a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">18 September 1945(1945-09-18) (aged 63) Paris, <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">French Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Lachaise_Cemetery" title="Père Lachaise Cemetery">Père Lachaise Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Revolutionary_Party" title="Socialist Revolutionary Party">Socialist Revolutionary</a> (1904–1911)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Russian_Workers" title="Union of Russian Workers">Union of Russian Workers</a> (1916–1918)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Nabat" title="Nabat">Nabat</a> (1918–1920)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Eichenbaum" title="Jacob Eichenbaum">Jacob Eichenbaum</a> (grandfather)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Eikhenbaum" title="Boris Eikhenbaum">Boris Eikhenbaum</a> (brother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University" title="Saint Petersburg State University">Saint Petersburg State University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politician</li><li>writer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> He returned to <a href="/wiki/Petrograd" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrograd">Petrograd</a> following the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> of 1917 and propagandised for anarcho-syndicalism in the Russian capital. In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>, which he criticised for bringing the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> to power, he left for Ukraine, where he became a leading figure in the <a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a>. During this time, he developed a theory of <a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">synthesis anarchism</a>, which advocated for collaboration between anarchists of different tendencies, and spearheaded the intellectual development of Ukrainian anarchism, as leader of the <a href="/wiki/Nabat" title="Nabat">Nabat</a> and chair of the third <a href="/wiki/Military_Revolutionary_Council" title="Military Revolutionary Council">Military Revolutionary Council</a> during the civil war. After the suppression of the Russian and Ukrainian anarchist movements by the Bolsheviks, Volin again went into exile. In Paris, he became a leading opponent of <a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">platformism</a>, which he criticised as authoritarian, and found work as a prolific writer in multiple different languages. He lived out the last years of his life in poverty, evading persecution by the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">French State</a>, as he was wanted for his Jewish heritage and his anarchist political convictions. He died of tuberculosis shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">liberation of France</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life">1 Early life</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Political_activism">2 Political activism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Revolutionary_activities">3 Revolutionary activities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Exile">4 Exile</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Works">5 Works</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Notes">6 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References">7 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Bibliography">8 Bibliography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Further_reading">9 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#External_links">10 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Volin was born Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum on 23 August [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 11 August] 1882,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Gu%C3%A9rin2005473-3">[1]</a> to an educated <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia" title="History of the Jews in Russia">Russian Jewish</a> family from <a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a>, a city in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Black_Earth_Region" title="Central Black Earth Region">Central Black Earth Region</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>. His parents, both of whom were doctors,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Patterson202028%E2%80%9331-4">[2]</a> employed western tutors for Volin and his brother, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Eikhenbaum" title="Boris Eikhenbaum">Boris</a>, who were educated in the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German languages</a>, in addition to <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>. After completing his education in Voronezh,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126-5">[3]</a> Volin moved to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, where he studied in the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University_Faculty_of_Law" title="Saint Petersburg State University Faculty of Law">Faculty of Law</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University" title="Saint Petersburg State University">Saint Petersburg State University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Gu%C3%A9rin2005473Patterson202028%E2%80%9331-6">[4]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Political_activism">Political activism</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political activism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_(1905).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281905%29.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281905%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="378"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 107px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281905%29.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281905%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281905%29.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281905%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281905%29.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281905%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Members of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Soviet" title="Saint Petersburg Soviet">Saint Petersburg Soviet</a>, which Volin helped establish during the <a href="/wiki/1905_Russian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1905 Russian Revolution">1905 Russian Revolution</a></figcaption></figure> By 1901, Volin had become involved in the imperial capital's nascent <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">workers' movement</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126-5">[3]</a> and in 1904, he dropped out of university to be a full-time activist for the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Revolutionary_Party" title="Socialist Revolutionary Party">Socialist Revolutionary Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Gu%C3%A9rin2005473Patterson202028%E2%80%9331van_der_WaltSchmidt2009103%E2%80%93104-7">[5]</a> He mostly worked to educate workers as a tutor, also establishing a library and organising study groups.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126-5">[3]</a> As a socialist revolutionary, he was involved in the <a href="/wiki/1905_Russian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1905 Russian Revolution">1905 Russian Revolution</a> from its inception: witnessing the events of <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1905)" title="Bloody Sunday (1905)">Bloody Sunday</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Gu%C3%A9rin2005473-3">[1]</a> participating in the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Soviet" title="Saint Petersburg Soviet">Saint Petersburg Soviet</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Gu%C3%A9rin2005473Patterson202028%E2%80%9331-6">[4]</a> before he was arrested for his part in an uprising at <a href="/wiki/Kronstadt" title="Kronstadt">Kronstadt</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Patterson202028%E2%80%9331-4">[2]</a> for which he was briefly imprisoned in the <a href="/wiki/Peter_and_Paul_Fortress" title="Peter and Paul Fortress">Peter and Paul Fortress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126-5">[3]</a> Following the suppression of the revolution, in 1907, he was arrested again by the <a href="/wiki/Okhrana" title="Okhrana">Okhrana</a> and deported to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, but was able to escape into exile in <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Gu%C3%A9rin2005473Patterson202028%E2%80%9331-6">[4]</a> After settling in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, Volin met a number of anarchists, including the French <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Sébastien Faure</a> and the Russian <a href="/wiki/Apollon_Karelin" title="Apollon Karelin">Apollon Karelin</a>. By 1911, he had committed himself to <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchism</a>, leaving the Socialist Revolutionary Party and joining Karelin's Brotherhood of Free Communists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126%E2%80%93127-8">[6]</a> With the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Volin immediately joined the <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_I" title="Opposition to World War I">anti-war movement</a>, catching the attention of the French authorities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Gu%C3%A9rin2005473Patterson202028%E2%80%9331-9">[7]</a> He managed to evade capture and fled to the United States in 1915. Upon arriving in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Russian_Workers" title="Union of Russian Workers">Union of Russian Workers</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans" title="Russian Americans">Russian American</a> <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">anarcho-syndicalist</a> organisation. He soon joined the editorial staff of its newspaper, <a href="/wiki/Golos_Truda" title="Golos Truda">Golos Truda</a>, and in December 1916, he went on a speaking tour of North American cities. In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a>, Volin returned to <a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic_(1917%E2%80%931918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Republic (1917–1918)">Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Patterson202028%E2%80%9331-10">[8]</a> In July 1917, he and his colleagues from Golos Truda arrived in Petrograd, where they restarted publication of their newspaper, now propagating anarcho-syndicalism directly to the workers of the Russian capital.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Gu%C3%A9rin2005473Patterson202028%E2%80%9331van_der_WaltSchmidt2009254-11">[9]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Revolutionary_activities">Revolutionary activities</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Revolutionary activities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Volin quickly became a leading proponent of anarcho-syndicalism during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">1917 Revolution</a>, calling for <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">workers' control</a> in his frequent speeches to the workers of Petrograd and as editor of Golos Truda, which expanded its circulation to 25,000 readers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127%E2%80%93128-12">[10]</a> In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>, he became a vocal critic of the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>, warning of their <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian tendencies</a> and predicting that they would see the power of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_(council)" title="Soviet (council)">soviets</a> usurped by the <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Gu%C3%A9rin2005473%E2%80%93474Patterson202028%E2%80%9331-13">[11]</a> He particularly criticised the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a>, which he considered to be a renouncement of <a href="/wiki/World_revolution" title="World revolution">world revolution</a> by the Bolsheviks. He called for the prosecution of <a href="/wiki/Partisan_(military)" title="Partisan (military)">partisan warfare</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> and consequently decided to move to <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_State" title="Ukrainian State">Ukraine</a>, which had fallen under the occupation of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128-14">[12]</a> After visiting relatives in Voronezh<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128-14">[12]</a> and spending a few months organising educational institutions for the local soviet in <a href="/wiki/Bobrov,_Bobrovsky_District,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Bobrov, Bobrovsky District, Voronezh Oblast">Bobrov</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Gu%C3%A9rin2005474-15">[13]</a> Volin moved to <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a>, where he participated in the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Nabat" title="Nabat">Nabat Confederation of Anarchist Organisations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Darch202031Patterson202028%E2%80%9331van_der_WaltSchmidt2009104,_255-16">[14]</a> On 18 November 1918, at the organisation's first conference in <a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a>, he drew up a declaration of principles,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Gu%C3%A9rin2005474Malet1982159-17">[15]</a> which was designed to be acceptable to the three major <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_schools_of_thought" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist schools of thought">anarchist schools of thought</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">communism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">individualism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">syndicalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Darch202031Gu%C3%A9rin2005474Malet1982159Patterson202028%E2%80%9331-18">[16]</a> Volin's theory of <a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">synthesis anarchism</a>, which encouraged anarchists of different tendencies to cooperate,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128%E2%80%93129Malet1982159Patterson202028%E2%80%9331van_der_WaltSchmidt2009245%E2%80%93247-19">[17]</a> was criticised as ineffective by his former anarcho-syndicalist comrades such as <a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Grigorii Maksimov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Mratchny" title="Mark Mratchny">Mark Mratchny</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128%E2%80%93129Malet1982159-20">[18]</a> Nevertheless, Volin continued to advocate for his organisational theory through the Nabat, which grew to include autonomous branches throughout Ukraine,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Darch202031Gu%C3%A9rin2005474Malet1982159-21">[19]</a> as well as a youth section and a publishing house.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129-22">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voline-1919.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Voline-1919.jpg/220px-Voline-1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="632"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 254px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Voline-1919.jpg/220px-Voline-1919.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="254" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Voline-1919.jpg/330px-Voline-1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Voline-1919.jpg/440px-Voline-1919.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Volin in 1919, during his time with the <a href="/wiki/Nabat" title="Nabat">Nabat</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></figcaption></figure> By mid-1919, the organisation had drawn the attention of the Bolsheviks, who closed its meeting places and shut down its newspaper press.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Gu%C3%A9rin2005474-23">[21]</a> In response, Volin moved the Nabat's headquarters to <a href="/wiki/Huliaipole" title="Huliaipole">Huliaipole</a>, where it became a central organisation within the <a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a>, an anarchist mass movement led by <a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Nestor Makhno</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Insurgent_Army_of_Ukraine" title="Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine">Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine</a>. Volin joined the movement's Cultural-Educational Commission, serving as an editor for its publications and organising its <a href="/wiki/Regional_Congress_of_Peasants,_Workers_and_Insurgents" title="Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents">regional congresses</a>, even going on to act as <a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">chairman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Revolutionary_Council" title="Military Revolutionary Council">Military Revolutionary Council</a> (RVS), the movement's executive body.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Gu%C3%A9rin2005474Malet1982175Patterson202028%E2%80%9331-24">[22]</a> As chair of the RVS, Volin clashed with the Insurgent Army's command over the excessive violence employed by the <a href="/wiki/Kontrrazvedka" title="Kontrrazvedka">Kontrrazvedka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalet198251%E2%80%9352Patterson202070Shubin2010183-25">[23]</a> He also edited the movement's <a href="/wiki/Draft_Declaration_of_the_Revolutionary_Insurgent_Army_of_Ukraine" title="Draft Declaration of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine">Draft Declaration</a>, which proposed the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Free_soviets" title="Free soviets">free soviets</a> as the basis for a transition towards a <a href="/wiki/Communist_society" title="Communist society">communist society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch202074%E2%80%9375Skirda2004332%E2%80%93333-26">[24]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Makhno_group.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Makhno_group.jpg/220px-Makhno_group.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="896"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Makhno_group.jpg/220px-Makhno_group.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Makhno_group.jpg/330px-Makhno_group.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Makhno_group.jpg/440px-Makhno_group.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Nestor Makhno</a> (center) and other commanders of the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Insurgent_Army_of_Ukraine" title="Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine">Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine</a></figcaption></figure> In December 1919, Volin went to <a href="/wiki/Kryvyi_Rih" title="Kryvyi Rih">Kryvyi Rih</a> in order to counter the spread of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Ukrainian nationalism">Ukrainian nationalism</a> in the region, but he contracted <a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">typhus</a> and was forced to stop for recovery in a peasant village.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129%E2%80%93130Malet198253,_97Patterson202028%E2%80%9331-27">[25]</a> On 14 January 1920, he was arrested on his sickbed by the <a href="/wiki/14th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="14th Army (RSFSR)">14th Army</a> and given to the <a href="/wiki/Cheka" title="Cheka">Cheka</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129%E2%80%93130Gu%C3%A9rin2005474%E2%80%93475-28">[26]</a> who had orders from <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> to execute him. Russian American anarchists such as <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Alexander Berkman</a> attempted to appeal his sentence, but this was rejected by <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Krestinsky" title="Nikolay Krestinsky">Nikolay Krestinsky</a>, the <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">general secretary of the Communist Party</a> and a former colleague of Volin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129%E2%80%93130-29">[27]</a> Further appeals by Russian libertarians, including the Bolshevik <a href="/wiki/Victor_Serge" title="Victor Serge">Victor Serge</a>, eventually secured his transfer to <a href="/wiki/Butyrka_prison" title="Butyrka prison">Butyrka prison</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, where his death sentence was commuted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129%E2%80%93130Patterson202028%E2%80%9331-30">[28]</a> He was finally released in October 1920, as part of the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Starobilsk_agreement" title="Starobilsk agreement">Starobilsk agreement</a> between the Bolsheviks and the Makhnovists,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Darch2020109%E2%80%93110Gu%C3%A9rin2005474%E2%80%93475Malet198266,_162%E2%80%93163Patterson202028%E2%80%9331Skirda2004201-31">[29]</a> and he was even offered the post of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Commissariat_for_Education" title="People's Commissariat for Education">People's Commissar for Education</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_People%27s_Commissars_(Ukraine)" title="Council of People's Commissars (Ukraine)">Ukrainian Soviet government</a>, which he rejected.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129-22">[20]</a> In November, Volin made a quick visit to <a href="/wiki/Dmitrov" title="Dmitrov">Dmitrov</a>, where he paid his respects to a dying <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Peter Kropotkin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130-32">[30]</a> who by then was pessimistic about the prospects of the revolution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020107-33">[31]</a> He then returned to Kharkiv, where he began to prepare an All-Russian Congress of Anarchists to be held on 25 December,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Gu%C3%A9rin2005474%E2%80%93475-34">[32]</a> as well as leading the negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Christian_Rakovsky" title="Christian Rakovsky">Christian Rakovsky</a>'s government over the controversial fourth political clause of the Starobilsk agreement, which would have provided for the autonomy of the Makhnovshchina.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalet1982163-35">[33]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Perekop_(1920)" title="Siege of Perekop (1920)">soviet victory</a> over the <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White movement</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, Volin and other members of the Nabat were arrested and imprisoned again in Moscow.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Darch2020118Gu%C3%A9rin2005474%E2%80%93475Malet1982163Patterson202028%E2%80%9331Shubin2010186Skirda2004238%E2%80%93239-36">[34]</a> In July 1921, after being visited by <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Leval" title="Gaston Leval">Gaston Leval</a>, a French syndicalist delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Profintern" title="Profintern">Profintern</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130-32">[30]</a> Volin and other anarchist political prisoners staged a <a href="/wiki/Hunger_strike" title="Hunger strike">hunger strike</a> in order to draw the attention of other visiting trade union delegates.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Gu%C3%A9rin2005475Malet1982163van_der_WaltSchmidt2009104-37">[35]</a> Following protests from the delegates to <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>, the prisoners were released and subsequently deported from <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Soviet Russia</a> in January 1922.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Gu%C3%A9rin2005475Patterson202028%E2%80%9331Skirda2004269%E2%80%93270,_277-38">[36]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Exile">Exile</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Exile" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> Exiled in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Volin and his family were supported by <a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">German anarchists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rudolf Rocker</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Gu%C3%A9rin2005475Malet1982186-39">[37]</a> who provided them with a small attic to live in.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Malet1982186-40">[38]</a> While in the German capital, Volin worked with Alexander Berkman to provide support for anarchist political prisoners and exiles,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130%E2%80%93131-41">[39]</a> including Nestor Makhno himself, who Volin helped escape from Poland to Berlin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020138Malet1982186Skirda2004270%E2%80%93271-42">[40]</a> He also published a weekly newspaper, The Anarchist Herald,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130%E2%80%93131Gu%C3%A9rin2005475-43">[41]</a> translated <a href="/wiki/Peter_Arshinov" title="Peter Arshinov">Peter Arshinov</a>'s History of the Makhnovist Movement and publicised evidence of <a href="/wiki/Political_repression_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Political repression in the Soviet Union">political repressions</a> against Russian anarchists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130%E2%80%93131Gu%C3%A9rin2005475Patterson202028%E2%80%9331-44">[42]</a> In 1924, his old comrade Sébastien Faure invited him back to Paris<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Gu%C3%A9rin2005475Malet1982187-45">[43]</a> to collaborate on the publication of his <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Encyclopedia" title="Anarchist Encyclopedia">Anarchist Encyclopedia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Gu%C3%A9rin2005475-46">[44]</a> Volin became a key contributor to the encyclopedia, as well as a number of anarchist periodicals in various different languages, including the French <a href="/wiki/Le_Libertaire" title="Le Libertaire">Le Libertaire</a>, the German Die Internationale, the English <a href="/wiki/Man!" title="Man!">Man!</a>, the Russian <a href="/wiki/Delo_Truda" title="Delo Truda">Delo Truda</a> and the Yiddish <a href="/wiki/Fraye_Arbeter_Shtime" title="Fraye Arbeter Shtime">Fraye Arbeter Shtime</a>. It was at this time that he also began to compile his history of the Russian Revolution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131-47">[45]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fleshin-Voline-Steimer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Fleshin-Voline-Steimer.jpg/220px-Fleshin-Voline-Steimer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1392" data-file-height="880"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 139px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Fleshin-Voline-Steimer.jpg/220px-Fleshin-Voline-Steimer.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="139" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Fleshin-Voline-Steimer.jpg/330px-Fleshin-Voline-Steimer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Fleshin-Voline-Steimer.jpg/440px-Fleshin-Voline-Steimer.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Volin (center) with his friends <a href="/wiki/Senya_Fleshin" title="Senya Fleshin">Senya Fleshin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mollie_Steimer" title="Mollie Steimer">Mollie Steimer</a></figcaption></figure> In 1927, Volin was caught in the debate over the <a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platform</a>, which had caused a split in the exiled Russian anarchist movement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Darch2020144Malet1982190%E2%80%93191Patterson202028%E2%80%9331Skirda2004277%E2%80%93278van_der_WaltSchmidt2009253-48">[46]</a> Volin himself was extremely critical of the Platform, which he claimed contradicted the anarchist principle of <a href="/wiki/Decentralisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralisation">decentralisation</a> and reflected a desire to create an anarchist <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Darch2020144Malet1982190%E2%80%93191van_der_WaltSchmidt2009253-49">[47]</a> This split led to a particularly harsh falling-out with Nestor Makhno,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020140%E2%80%93141Malet1982190%E2%80%93191Patterson202028%E2%80%9331Skirda2004277%E2%80%93278van_der_WaltSchmidt2009256-50">[48]</a> who resented Volin's <a href="/wiki/Intellectualism" title="Intellectualism">intellectualism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020140%E2%80%93141Skirda2004278%E2%80%93279-51">[49]</a> Despite this, the pair managed to reconcile before Makhno's death in 1934, at the behest of Makhno's wife <a href="/wiki/Halyna_Kuzmenko" title="Halyna Kuzmenko">Halyna Kuzmenko</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131%E2%80%93132Malet1982192-52">[50]</a> and Volin took up the task of editing and publishing Makhno's memoirs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131%E2%80%93132Darch202030Skirda2004285%E2%80%93288-53">[51]</a> Along with his criticisms of platformism, Volin also published denunciations of <a href="/wiki/Bolshevism" title="Bolshevism">Bolshevism</a>, which he described as "<a href="/wiki/Red_fascism" title="Red fascism">red fascism</a>", comparing the policies of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> to those of <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Patterson202028%E2%80%9331-54">[52]</a> He criticised the "anarcho-Bolsheviks", who had favoured collaboration with the Bolshevik government, and was openly critical of the "anarcho-Bolshevik" <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Sandomirskii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Sandomirskii (page does not exist)">German Sandomirskii</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Сандомирский, Герман Борисович">ru</a>], who he accused of lacking anarchist convictions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020142%E2%80%93143-55">[53]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voline_sur_lit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Voline_sur_lit.jpg/220px-Voline_sur_lit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 171px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Voline_sur_lit.jpg/220px-Voline_sur_lit.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="171" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Voline_sur_lit.jpg/330px-Voline_sur_lit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Voline_sur_lit.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Volin during the last years of his life</figcaption></figure> He attempted to continue his educational activities by providing free classes about anarchism, but he also needed money to support his family, so he took up a number of jobs in the publishing industry, notably working on a Russian translation of <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a>'s play <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Laughed" title="Lazarus Laughed">Lazarus Laughed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132-56">[54]</a> In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a>, he briefly worked on the French language organ of the <a href="/wiki/Confederaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_del_Trabajo" title="Confederación Nacional del Trabajo">Confederación Nacional del Trabajo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Gu%C3%A9rin2005475-57">[55]</a> but quit after the organisation joined the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">government</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_(Spain)" title="Popular Front (Spain)">Popular Front</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132-56">[54]</a> Volin lived out the following years in poverty,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132-56">[54]</a> until <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Prudhommeaux" title="André Prudhommeaux">André Prudhommeaux</a> provided him a job on the board of his newspaper Terre Libre, which he contributed to in <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Gu%C3%A9rin2005475-57">[55]</a> In 1940, while living in poverty in <a href="/wiki/Marseilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Marseilles">Marseilles</a>, he completed his work on <a href="/wiki/The_Unknown_Revolution" title="The Unknown Revolution">The Unknown Revolution</a>, a history of the Russian Revolution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134Gu%C3%A9rin2005475Patterson202028%E2%80%9331-58">[56]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">invasion of France</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and the establishment of the collaborationist <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">French State</a>, he was driven into hiding due to his Jewish heritage and his anarchist political beliefs. Although his friends <a href="/wiki/Senya_Fleshin" title="Senya Fleshin">Senya Fleshin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mollie_Steimer" title="Mollie Steimer">Mollie Steimer</a> attempted to convince him to escape to Mexico with them, he resolved to remain in France, as he believed that there would be a revolution following the end of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134-59">[57]</a> However by the time the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">liberation of France</a> allowed him to return to Paris, he had contracted tuberculosis. On 18 September 1945, Volin died in a Parisian hospital.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134Gu%C3%A9rin2005475Patterson202028%E2%80%9331-58">[56]</a> His ashes were buried in a niche of the <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Lachaise_Cemetery" title="Père Lachaise Cemetery">Père Lachaise Cemetery</a>, near the resting place of his comrade Nestor Makhno.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134-59">[57]</a> In his obituary to Volin written the month after his death, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Serge" title="Victor Serge">Victor Serge</a> described him as "one of the most remarkable figures of Russian anarchism, a man of absolute probity and exceptional rigor of thought. ... One must hope that the future will render justice to this intrepidly idealistic revolutionary who was always, in prison, in the poverty of exile, as on the battlefield and in editorial offices, a man of real moral grandeur."<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Works" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVolin1922" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Volin (1922). "Гонения на анархизм в Советской России" [The Repressions of the Anarchists in Soviet Russia]. The Anarchist Herald (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Anarchist+Herald&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.date=1922&rft.au=Volin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolin1924" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">—— (1924). "Sur la Synthèse" [On Synthesis]. Revue anarchiste (in French). No. 25–27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+anarchiste&rft.atitle=Sur+la+Synth%C3%A8se&rft.issue=25%E2%80%9327&rft.date=1924&rft.au=Volin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolin1934" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">—— (1934). "Le Fascisme Rouge" [Red Fascism]. Ce qu'il faut dire (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ce+qu%27il+faut+dire&rft.atitle=Le+Fascisme+Rouge&rft.date=1934&rft.au=Volin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolin1935" class="citation magazine cs1">—— (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libcom.org/article/vanguard-vol-2-no-3-may-june-1935">"The Historical Role of the State"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vanguard_(journal)" title="Vanguard (journal)">Vanguard</a>. Vol. 2, no. 3. pp. 8–11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanguard&rft.atitle=The+Historical+Role+of+the+State&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=8-11&rft.date=1935&rft.au=Volin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibcom.org%2Farticle%2Fvanguard-vol-2-no-3-may-june-1935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolin1947" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">—— (1947). <a href="/wiki/The_Unknown_Revolution" title="The Unknown Revolution">La Révolution Inconnue</a> [The Unknown Revolution] (in French). Les Amis de Voline.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+R%C3%A9volution+Inconnue&rft.pub=Les+Amis+de+Voline&rft.date=1947&rft.au=Volin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Russian: Всеволод Михайлович Эйхенбаум, romanized: Vsevolod Mikhaylovich Eykhenbaum; <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: ווסעוואָלאָד מיכאילאָוויטש אייכענבוים </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> French: Voline; Russian: Во́лин; <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: וואָלין </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Gu%C3%A9rin2005473_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Gu%C3%A9rin2005473_3-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 126; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 473. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Patterson202028–31-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Patterson202028%E2%80%9331_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Patterson202028%E2%80%9331_4-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 126; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126_5-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 126. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Gu%C3%A9rin2005473Patterson202028%E2%80%9331_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Gu%C3%A9rin2005473Patterson202028%E2%80%9331_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Gu%C3%A9rin2005473Patterson202028%E2%80%9331_6-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 126; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 473; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009103–104-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Gu%C3%A9rin2005473Patterson202028%E2%80%9331van_der_WaltSchmidt2009103%E2%80%93104_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 126; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 473; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, pp. 103–104. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126–127-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126%E2%80%93127_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 126–127. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Gu%C3%A9rin2005473Patterson202028%E2%80%9331_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 127; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 473; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Patterson202028–31-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Patterson202028%E2%80%9331_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 127; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009254-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Gu%C3%A9rin2005473Patterson202028%E2%80%9331van_der_WaltSchmidt2009254_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 127; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 473; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, p. 254. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127–128-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127%E2%80%93128_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 127–128. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Guérin2005473–474Patterson202028–31-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Gu%C3%A9rin2005473%E2%80%93474Patterson202028%E2%80%9331_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 128; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, pp. 473–474; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128_14-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 128. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Guérin2005474-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Gu%C3%A9rin2005474_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 128; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 474. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Darch202031Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009104,_255-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Darch202031Patterson202028%E2%80%9331van_der_WaltSchmidt2009104,_255_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 128; <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 31; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, pp. 104, 255. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Guérin2005474Malet1982159-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Gu%C3%A9rin2005474Malet1982159_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 128; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 474; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 159. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Darch202031Guérin2005474Malet1982159Patterson202028–31-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Darch202031Gu%C3%A9rin2005474Malet1982159Patterson202028%E2%80%9331_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 128; <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 31; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 474; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 159; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128–129Malet1982159Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009245–247-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128%E2%80%93129Malet1982159Patterson202028%E2%80%9331van_der_WaltSchmidt2009245%E2%80%93247_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 128–129; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 159; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, pp. 245–247. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128–129Malet1982159-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128%E2%80%93129Malet1982159_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 128–129; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 159. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Darch202031Guérin2005474Malet1982159-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Darch202031Gu%C3%A9rin2005474Malet1982159_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 129; <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 31; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 474; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 159. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129_22-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 129. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Guérin2005474-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Gu%C3%A9rin2005474_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 129; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 474. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Guérin2005474Malet1982175Patterson202028–31-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Gu%C3%A9rin2005474Malet1982175Patterson202028%E2%80%9331_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 129; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 474; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 175; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalet198251–52Patterson202070Shubin2010183-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalet198251%E2%80%9352Patterson202070Shubin2010183_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, pp. 51–52; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, p. 70; <a href="#CITEREFShubin2010">Shubin 2010</a>, p. 183. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch202074–75Skirda2004332–333-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch202074%E2%80%9375Skirda2004332%E2%80%93333_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, pp. 74–75; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, pp. 332–333. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130Malet198253,_97Patterson202028–31-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129%E2%80%93130Malet198253,_97Patterson202028%E2%80%9331_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 129–130; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, pp. 53, 97; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130Guérin2005474–475-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129%E2%80%93130Gu%C3%A9rin2005474%E2%80%93475_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 129–130; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, pp. 474–475. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129%E2%80%93130_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 129–130. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130Patterson202028–31-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129%E2%80%93130Patterson202028%E2%80%9331_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 129–130; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Darch2020109–110Guérin2005474–475Malet198266,_162–163Patterson202028–31Skirda2004201-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Darch2020109%E2%80%93110Gu%C3%A9rin2005474%E2%80%93475Malet198266,_162%E2%80%93163Patterson202028%E2%80%9331Skirda2004201_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 130; <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, pp. 109–110; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, pp. 474–475; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, pp. 66, 162–163; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, p. 201. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130_32-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 130. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020107-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch2020107_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 107. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005474–475-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Gu%C3%A9rin2005474%E2%80%93475_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 130; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, pp. 474–475. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalet1982163-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalet1982163_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 163. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Darch2020118Guérin2005474–475Malet1982163Patterson202028–31Shubin2010186Skirda2004238–239-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Darch2020118Gu%C3%A9rin2005474%E2%80%93475Malet1982163Patterson202028%E2%80%9331Shubin2010186Skirda2004238%E2%80%93239_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 130; <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 118; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, pp. 474–475; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 163; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFShubin2010">Shubin 2010</a>, p. 186; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, pp. 238–239. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005475Malet1982163van_der_WaltSchmidt2009104-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Gu%C3%A9rin2005475Malet1982163van_der_WaltSchmidt2009104_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 130; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 163; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, p. 104. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31Skirda2004269–270,_277-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Gu%C3%A9rin2005475Patterson202028%E2%80%9331Skirda2004269%E2%80%93270,_277_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 130; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, pp. 269–270, 277. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005475Malet1982186-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Gu%C3%A9rin2005475Malet1982186_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 130; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 186. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Malet1982186-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Malet1982186_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 130; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 186. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130–131-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130%E2%80%93131_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 130–131. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020138Malet1982186Skirda2004270–271-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch2020138Malet1982186Skirda2004270%E2%80%93271_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 138; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 186; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, pp. 270–271. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130–131Guérin2005475-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130%E2%80%93131Gu%C3%A9rin2005475_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 130–131; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130–131Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130%E2%80%93131Gu%C3%A9rin2005475Patterson202028%E2%80%9331_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 130–131; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Guérin2005475Malet1982187-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Gu%C3%A9rin2005475Malet1982187_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 131; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 187. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Guérin2005475-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Gu%C3%A9rin2005475_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 131; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 131. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Darch2020144Malet1982190–191Patterson202028–31Skirda2004277–278van_der_WaltSchmidt2009253-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Darch2020144Malet1982190%E2%80%93191Patterson202028%E2%80%9331Skirda2004277%E2%80%93278van_der_WaltSchmidt2009253_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 131; <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 144; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, pp. 190–191; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, pp. 277–278; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, p. 253. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Darch2020144Malet1982190–191van_der_WaltSchmidt2009253-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Darch2020144Malet1982190%E2%80%93191van_der_WaltSchmidt2009253_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 131; <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 144; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, pp. 190–191; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, p. 253. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020140–141Malet1982190–191Patterson202028–31Skirda2004277–278van_der_WaltSchmidt2009256-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch2020140%E2%80%93141Malet1982190%E2%80%93191Patterson202028%E2%80%9331Skirda2004277%E2%80%93278van_der_WaltSchmidt2009256_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, pp. 140–141; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, pp. 190–191; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, pp. 277–278; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, p. 256. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020140–141Skirda2004278–279-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch2020140%E2%80%93141Skirda2004278%E2%80%93279_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, pp. 140–141; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, pp. 278–279. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131–132Malet1982192-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131%E2%80%93132Malet1982192_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 131–132; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 192. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131–132Darch202030Skirda2004285–288-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131%E2%80%93132Darch202030Skirda2004285%E2%80%93288_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 131–132; <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 30; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, pp. 285–288. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Patterson202028–31-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Patterson202028%E2%80%9331_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 132; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020142–143-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch2020142%E2%80%93143_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, pp. 142–143. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132_56-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132_56-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 132. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Guérin2005475-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Gu%C3%A9rin2005475_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Gu%C3%A9rin2005475_57-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 132; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134Gu%C3%A9rin2005475Patterson202028%E2%80%9331_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134Gu%C3%A9rin2005475Patterson202028%E2%80%9331_58-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 134; <a href="#CITEREFGu%C3%A9rin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134_59-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 134. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerge2019" class="citation book cs1">Serge, Victor (2019). Notebooks: 1936-1947. New York: <a href="/wiki/New_York_Review_Books" title="New York Review Books">New York Review Books</a>. pp. 524–525. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68137-270-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68137-270-9"><bdi>978-1-68137-270-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notebooks%3A+1936-1947&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=524-525&rft.pub=New+York+Review+Books&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-68137-270-9&rft.aulast=Serge&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvrich1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Avrich" title="Paul Avrich">Avrich, Paul</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anarchistportrai00avri/page/125">"V. M. Eikhenbaum (Volin): The Man and His Book"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Portraits" title="Anarchist Portraits">Anarchist Portraits</a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. pp. 125–134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-04753-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-04753-9"><bdi>978-0-691-04753-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/17727270">17727270</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=V.+M.+Eikhenbaum+%28Volin%29%3A+The+Man+and+His+Book&rft.btitle=Anarchist+Portraits&rft.pages=125-134&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17727270&rft.isbn=978-0-691-04753-9&rft.aulast=Avrich&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanarchistportrai00avri%2Fpage%2F125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarch2020" class="citation book cs1">Darch, Colin (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=epyFwwEACAAJ">Nestor Makhno and Rural Anarchism in Ukraine, 1917–1921</a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pluto_Press" title="Pluto Press">Pluto Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv16zjhb1">10.2307/j.ctv16zjhb1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781786805263" title="Special:BookSources/9781786805263"><bdi>9781786805263</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1225942343">1225942343</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:224949062">224949062</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nestor+Makhno+and+Rural+Anarchism+in+Ukraine%2C+1917%E2%80%931921&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1225942343&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A224949062%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv16zjhb1&rft.isbn=9781786805263&rft.aulast=Darch&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DepyFwwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuérin2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Guérin, Daniel</a> (2005) [1998]. "Voline". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g4YncZ8MgRsC">No Gods, No Masters: An Anthology of Anarchism</a>. Translated by Sharkey, Paul. <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>: <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. pp. 473–475. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-904859-25-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-904859-25-9"><bdi>1-904859-25-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2005930956">2005930956</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Voline&rft.btitle=No+Gods%2C+No+Masters%3A+An+Anthology+of+Anarchism&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=473-475&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2005930956&rft.isbn=1-904859-25-9&rft.aulast=Gu%C3%A9rin&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg4YncZ8MgRsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalet1982" class="citation book cs1">Malet, Michael (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SUMkjwEACAAJ">Nestor Makhno in the Russian Civil War</a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-25969-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-25969-6"><bdi>978-0-333-25969-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8514426">8514426</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nestor+Makhno+in+the+Russian+Civil+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8514426&rft.isbn=978-0-333-25969-6&rft.aulast=Malet&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSUMkjwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Marshall_(author)" title="Peter Marshall (author)">Marshall, Peter H.</a> (2008) [1992]. "Russia and Ukraine". <a href="/wiki/Demanding_the_Impossible" title="Demanding the Impossible">Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism</a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harper_Perennial" title="Harper Perennial">Harper Perennial</a>. pp. 469–478. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-686245-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-686245-1"><bdi>978-0-00-686245-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/218212571">218212571</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Russia+and+Ukraine&rft.btitle=Demanding+the+Impossible%3A+A+History+of+Anarchism&rft.place=London&rft.pages=469-478&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F218212571&rft.isbn=978-0-00-686245-1&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Peter+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson2020" class="citation book cs1">Patterson, Sean (2020). <a href="/wiki/Makhno_and_Memory:_Anarchist_and_Mennonite_Narratives_of_Ukraine%27s_Civil_War,_1917%E2%80%931921" class="mw-redirect" title="Makhno and Memory: Anarchist and Mennonite Narratives of Ukraine's Civil War, 1917–1921">Makhno and Memory: Anarchist and Mennonite Narratives of Ukraine's Civil War, 1917–1921</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manitoba_Press" title="University of Manitoba Press">University of Manitoba Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88755-578-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88755-578-7"><bdi>978-0-88755-578-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1134608930">1134608930</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Makhno+and+Memory%3A+Anarchist+and+Mennonite+Narratives+of+Ukraine%27s+Civil+War%2C+1917%E2%80%931921&rft.place=Manitoba&rft.pub=University+of+Manitoba+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1134608930&rft.isbn=978-0-88755-578-7&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters1970" class="citation book cs1">Peters, Victor (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a6YKAQAAIAAJ">Nestor Makhno: The Life of an Anarchist</a>. Winnipeg: Echo Books. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7925080">7925080</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nestor+Makhno%3A+The+Life+of+an+Anarchist&rft.place=Winnipeg&rft.pub=Echo+Books&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7925080&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da6YKAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRocker2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker, Rudolf</a> (2019) [1974]. "Voline (1882–1945)". In Volin (ed.). <a href="/wiki/The_Unknown_Revolution" title="The Unknown Revolution">The Unknown Revolution, 1917–1921</a>. <a href="/wiki/PM_Press" title="PM Press">PM Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-16296-3577-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-16296-3577-4"><bdi>978-16296-3577-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1103577845">1103577845</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Voline+%281882%E2%80%931945%29&rft.btitle=The+Unknown+Revolution%2C+1917%E2%80%931921&rft.pub=PM+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1103577845&rft.isbn=978-16296-3577-4&rft.aulast=Rocker&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShubin2010" class="citation book cs1">Shubin, Aleksandr (2010). "The Makhnovist Movement and the National Question in the Ukraine, 1917–1921". In Hirsch, Steven J.; <a href="/wiki/Lucien_van_der_Walt" title="Lucien van der Walt">van der Walt, Lucien</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u_USzDXC6H4C">Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 1870–1940</a>. Studies in Global Social History. Vol. 6. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. pp. 147–191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004188495" title="Special:BookSources/9789004188495"><bdi>9789004188495</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/868808983">868808983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Makhnovist+Movement+and+the+National+Question+in+the+Ukraine%2C+1917%E2%80%931921&rft.btitle=Anarchism+and+Syndicalism+in+the+Colonial+and+Postcolonial+World%2C+1870%E2%80%931940&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Studies+in+Global+Social+History&rft.pages=147-191&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F868808983&rft.isbn=9789004188495&rft.aulast=Shubin&rft.aufirst=Aleksandr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du_USzDXC6H4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkirda2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Skirda" title="Alexandre Skirda">Skirda, Alexandre</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E0TawAEACAAJ">Facing the Enemy: A History of Anarchist Organisation</a>. Translated by Sharkey, Paul. <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>: <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1902593197" title="Special:BookSources/1902593197"><bdi>1902593197</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/490977034">490977034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Facing+the+Enemy%3A+A+History+of+Anarchist+Organisation&rft.place=Oakland&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F490977034&rft.isbn=1902593197&rft.aulast=Skirda&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE0TawAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkirda2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Skirda" title="Alexandre Skirda">Skirda, Alexandre</a> (2004) [1982]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pMji9s9WOlwC">Nestor Makhno–Anarchy's Cossack: The Struggle for Free Soviets in the Ukraine 1917–1921</a>. Translated by Sharkey, Paul. <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>: <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-902593-68-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-902593-68-5"><bdi>978-1-902593-68-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60602979">60602979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nestor+Makhno%E2%80%93Anarchy%27s+Cossack%3A+The+Struggle+for+Free+Soviets+in+the+Ukraine+1917%E2%80%931921&rft.place=Oakland&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60602979&rft.isbn=978-1-902593-68-5&rft.aulast=Skirda&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpMji9s9WOlwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lucien_van_der_Walt" title="Lucien van der Walt">van der Walt, Lucien</a>; Schmidt, Michael (2009). <a href="/wiki/Black_Flame_(book)" title="Black Flame (book)">Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>: <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. pp. 239–270. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904859-16-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904859-16-1"><bdi>978-1-904859-16-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2006933558">2006933558</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1100238201">1100238201</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Flame%3A+The+Revolutionary+Class+Politics+of+Anarchism+and+Syndicalism&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=239-270&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1100238201&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2006933558&rft.isbn=978-1-904859-16-1&rft.aulast=van+der+Walt&rft.aufirst=Lucien&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamier2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Damier, Vadim (18 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aitrus.info/node/4395">"Портреты революционеров: Всеволод Волин"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Revolutionary_Anarcho-Syndicalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists">Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists</a> (in Russian). Retrieved 13 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Confederation+of+Revolutionary+Anarcho-Syndicalists&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%3A+%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD&rft.date=2018-09-18&rft.aulast=Damier&rft.aufirst=Vadim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aitrus.info%2Fnode%2F4395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeath2011" class="citation web cs1">Heath, Nick (4 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libcom.org/article/volin-eichenbaum-vsevelod-mikhailovich-aka-voline-1882-1945">"Volin (Eichenbaum, Vsevelod Mikhailovich) aka Voline, 1882 -1945"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Libcom.org" title="Libcom.org">Libcom.org</a>. Retrieved 13 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Libcom.org&rft.atitle=Volin+%28Eichenbaum%2C+Vsevelod+Mikhailovich%29+aka+Voline%2C+1882+-1945&rft.date=2011-10-04&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibcom.org%2Farticle%2Fvolin-eichenbaum-vsevelod-mikhailovich-aka-voline-1882-1945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumyantsev2000" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rumyantsev, Vyacheslav (20 January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/volin_vm.html">"Волин Всеволод Михайлович"</a>. ХРОНОС: ВСЕМИРНАЯ ИСТОРИЯ В ИНТЕРНЕТЕ (in Russian). Retrieved 13 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A5%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%A1%3A+%D0%92%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%AF+%D0%98%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%AF+%D0%92+%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A2%D0%95&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.date=2000-01-20&rft.aulast=Rumyantsev&rft.aufirst=Vyacheslav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrono.ru%2Fbiograf%2Fvolin_vm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShipov2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shipov, Ya. A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181028033638/https://bigenc.ru/domestic_history/text/1925998">"Во́лин"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Great_Russian_Encyclopedia" title="Great Russian Encyclopedia">Great Russian Encyclopedia</a> (in Russian). Vol. 5. <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Culture (Russia)">Ministry of Culture</a>. pp. 629–630. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-85270-334-6" title="Special:BookSources/5-85270-334-6"><bdi>5-85270-334-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigenc.ru/domestic_history/text/1925998">the original</a> on 28 October 2018. Retrieved 13 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%CC%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD&rft.btitle=Great+Russian+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=629-630&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Culture&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=5-85270-334-6&rft.aulast=Shipov&rft.aufirst=Ya.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbigenc.ru%2Fdomestic_history%2Ftext%2F1925998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eleven.co.il/jews-of-russia/public-life/15888/">"Волин Всеволод"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shorter_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="Shorter Jewish Encyclopedia">Electronic Jewish Encyclopedia</a> (in Russian). Vol. 10. 2001. pp. 486–487. Retrieved 13 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4&rft.btitle=Electronic+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=486-487&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feleven.co.il%2Fjews-of-russia%2Fpublic-life%2F15888%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ephemanar.net/aout11.html#11">"Voline"</a>. <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Eph%C3%A9m%C3%A9ride_Anarchiste" class="extiw" title="fr:L'Ephéméride Anarchiste">L'Ephéméride Anarchiste</a> (in French). Retrieved 13 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Eph%C3%A9m%C3%A9ride+Anarchiste&rft.atitle=Voline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ephemanar.net%2Faout11.html%2311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Volin" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Volin">Volin</a> at Wikimedia Commons <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArshinov1923" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Arshinov" title="Peter Arshinov">Arshinov, Peter</a> (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ditext.com/arshinov/makhno.html">History of the Makhnovist Movement (1918–1921)</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Makhnovist+Movement+%281918%E2%80%931921%29&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Arshinov&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ditext.com%2Farshinov%2Fmakhno.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pzacad.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives////////bright/voline/index.html">Voline archive</a> entry at the <a href="/wiki/Anarchy_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchy Archives">Anarchy Archives</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/19px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/19px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/29px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/38px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/19px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="647"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/19px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png" data-alt="diagram" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/29px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/38px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Libertarianism" title="Portal:Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volin&oldid=1253639696">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volin&oldid=1253639696</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 27 October 2024, at 02:23 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86" title="فولن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فولن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD" title="Βολίν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βολίν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voline" title="Voline – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voline" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ڤولين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ڤولين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolin_(dzia%C5%82acz_anarchistyczny)" title="Wolin (działacz anarchistyczny) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wolin (działacz anarchistyczny)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voline" title="Voline – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Voline" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Волин, Всеволод Михайлович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Волин, Всеволод Михайлович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voline" title="Voline – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Voline" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Волін Всеволод Михайлович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Волін Всеволод Михайлович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 October 2024, at 02:23 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b8d669998-lgkxf","wgBackendResponseTime":192,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.349","walltime":"1.709","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12950,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":162001,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8146,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":128433,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1498.367 1 -total"," 25.73% 385.585 1 Template:Anarchism"," 25.63% 384.082 2 Template:Navbox"," 20.43% 306.152 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 19.41% 290.822 9 Template:Excerpt"," 9.01% 134.949 49 Template:Sfnm"," 7.01% 105.025 2 Template:Refn"," 6.70% 100.341 5 Template:Langx"," 6.18% 92.649 1 Template:Country2nationality"," 5.70% 85.462 15 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