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</div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-語錄" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#語錄"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>語錄</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-語錄-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关語錄子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-語錄-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-論議院" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#論議院"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>論議院</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-論議院-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-可能是麥迪遜的言語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#可能是麥迪遜的言語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>可能是麥迪遜的言語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-可能是麥迪遜的言語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">詹姆斯·麥迪遜</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。23种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ceyms_Medison" title="Ceyms Medison – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ceyms Medison" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikiquote.org/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="James Madison" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikiquote.org/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="James Madison" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikiquote.org/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="James Madison" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikiquote.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Τζέιμς Μάντισον – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζέιμς Μάντισον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="James Madison" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikiquote.org/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="James Madison" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikiquote.org/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="James Madison" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikiquote.org/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="James Madison" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="ג'יימס מדיסון – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'יימס מדיסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD_%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ջեյմս Մեդիսոն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջեյմս Մեդիսոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="James Madison" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჯეიმზ მედიზონი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯეიმზ მედიზონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikiquote.org/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="James Madison" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikiquote.org/wiki/D%C5%BEeimsas_Medisonas" title="Džeimsas Medisonas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Džeimsas Medisonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="James Madison" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="James Madison" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Джеймс Мэдисон – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джеймс Мэдисон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikiquote.org/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="James Madison" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Џејмс Медисон – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џејмс Медисон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="เจมส์ แมดิสัน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจมส์ แมดิสัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikiquote.org/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="James Madison" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Джеймс Медісон – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеймс Медісон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11813#sitelinks-wikiquote" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E8%BF%AA%E9%81%9C" title="查看内容页面[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E8%BF%AA%E9%81%9C&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/James_Madison" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E8%BF%AA%E9%80%8A" hreflang="zh"><span>维基百科</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11813" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基语录，自由的名人名言录</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Madison(cropped)(c).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/James_Madison%28cropped%29%28c%29.jpg/220px-James_Madison%28cropped%29%28c%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/James_Madison%28cropped%29%28c%29.jpg/330px-James_Madison%28cropped%29%28c%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/James_Madison%28cropped%29%28c%29.jpg/440px-James_Madison%28cropped%29%28c%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>詹姆斯·麥迪遜 (1816)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>詹姆斯·麥迪遜</b>（<span lang="en">James Madison Jr.</span>，1751年3月16日—1836年6月28日），是第四任<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>總統。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="語錄"><span id=".E8.AA.9E.E9.8C.84"></span>語錄</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E8%BF%AA%E9%81%9C&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：語錄"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>眾議員應該熟悉選民的利益和狀況，這是一條正確而重要的原則。但是，這項原則只應適用到眾議員的職責和職權有關的那些狀況和利益。</li></ul> <dl><dd>原文：<i><span lang="en">It is a sound and important principle, that the representative ought to be acquainted with the interests and circumstances of his constituents. But this principle can extend no farther than to those circumstances and interests to which the authority and care of the representative relate.</span></i></dd></dl> <ul><li>眾議院和選民之間正是如此。義務、感謝、利益和進取心，其本身作爲紐帶使眾議員們須對民衆保持忠誠和同理之心。或許所有這些仍不足以控制人反復無常和本性之邪惡。但是，政府所承的豈非不就是這些？人的謹慎所能設計的豈不是這些？共和政府保護自由和幸福所運用的真正特有方式豈非這些？</li></ul> <ul><li>那麽，我們怎樣理解本文所辯駁的反對意見？某些人自稱對共和政體非常熱情，卻隨意地譴責其基本原則。</li></ul> <ul><li>也有一點值得我們考慮，那就是在小州和大州之間有一些州，雖然它們可能通常認爲自己屬於小州之列，但是在國土和人口方面與大州相去不遠。</li></ul> <ul><li>但是，眾議院會不會和參議院一樣關心維持政府的正常運作，其會不會因此不願把政府的存在和榮譽寄托在參議院上呢？或者，如果兩院間需要談判，一方會不會和另一方一樣，首先作出讓步呢？若注意到以下事實，這些問題不難對答.....1.</li></ul> <ul><li>這些事實是：在任何情況下，如果掌握權力者的人數較少，在議會中在位時間較長，掌握的權力較重大，其個人對政府的事務定也較為在意。那些在其他國家看來代表了國家尊嚴的人，對於可能發生的所有公共危險或不體面的公務廢弛，是特別敏感的。2.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>一个民主政府，如果没有公众的信息，或获取公众信息的渠道，只能是一场闹剧或悲剧，或二者皆有的序幕。知识将永远统治无知——有意自己当家作主的人民必须用知识赋予的力量武装自己。</b> <ul><li><b>A popular Government without popular information, or the means of acquiring it, is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy, or perhaps both. Knowledge will forever govern ignorance: And a people who mean to be their own Governors, must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives.</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch18s35.html">Letter to W.T. Barry</a>（1822年8月4日），收录于<i>The Writings of James Madison</i> (1910) edited by Gaillard Hunt, Vol. 9, p. 103; these words, using the older spelling "Governours", are inscribed to the left of the main entrance, Library of Congress James Madison Memorial Building.</li> <li>中文内的翻译见<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guojifayanjiu.org/Admin/Upload/FileDownload/?ContentID=37391&fileName=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E5%BA%A6%E8%BD%AC%E5%90%91">此</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="論議院"><span id=".E8.AB.96.E8.AD.B0.E9.99.A2"></span>論議院</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E8%BF%AA%E9%81%9C&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：論議院"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>在不列顛下議院與政府其他部門的競爭中，下議院只要動用財政法案這一方式，通常其會獲勝。</li></ul> <ul><li>如果參議院寸步不讓，這就會造成政府其他部門的普遍混亂，但是，我們并沒有這種擔憂。</li></ul> <ul><li>雖然聯邦參議院和總統有時很固執，不願作出讓步，但他們的固執通常不會越過憲法原則和國家原則的範圍。</li></ul> <ul><li>在古代的共和國裏，全體民衆參加會議，通常可以看到在議會中有一位雄辯家或一個巧語的政治家，他們左右了議會的一切，就像獨攬大權一樣。根據同一原理，如果議會的人數越多，那麽其越會有民眾集會裏特有的那類優柔寡斷的特徵。無知會成爲猾頭對象，情感會成爲詭辯和雄辯的奴僕。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="可能是麥迪遜的言語"><span id=".E5.8F.AF.E8.83.BD.E6.98.AF.E9.BA.A5.E8.BF.AA.E9.81.9C.E7.9A.84.E8.A8.80.E8.AA.9E"></span>可能是麥迪遜的言語</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E8%BF%AA%E9%81%9C&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：可能是麥迪遜的言語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>國家和國家之間的關係，同人和人之間的關係是相似的，兩者的差別在於，由於國家比個人更缺乏仁慈之心，在乘人之危上更缺乏克制。</li></ul> <ul><li>變化不定的政策在國内也會造成嚴重的後果，并且這個後果的災難可能更大，其危害到了自由本身所帶來的幸福。</li></ul> <ul><li>以上僅就與民眾代表有關的理由論證了組織良好的參議院的必要性。</li></ul> <ul><li>任何的諂媚都很難打動美國民眾，我可以毫不遲疑地再指出一點，那就是，如此組織良好的機構本身，對於預防民眾本身一時失誤和頭腦發熱的發生，有時也是很有必要的。在任何政體中，民眾的意見都是冷靜而審慎的。在自由政體中，民眾的意見總是能夠最終就勝過治理者的意見。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E8%BF%AA%E9%81%9C&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <div class="infobox sisterproject"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/40px-Wikipedia-logo.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" 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