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</div> <div class="control"> <button class="button is-small is-link">Go</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <ol class="breathe-horizontal" start="1"> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.11940">arXiv:2209.11940</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2209.11940">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2209.11940">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Lattice">hep-lat</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Theory">nucl-th</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.107.024908">10.1103/PhysRevC.107.024908 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Higher-Order Cumulants and Correlation Functions of Proton Multiplicity Distributions in $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au Collisions at the RHIC STAR Experiment </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=STAR+Collaboration"> STAR Collaboration</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Abdallah%2C+M+S">M. S. Abdallah</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Aboona%2C+B+E">B. E. Aboona</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Adam%2C+J">J. Adam</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Adamczyk%2C+L">L. Adamczyk</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Adams%2C+J+R">J. R. Adams</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Adkins%2C+J+K">J. K. Adkins</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Aggarwal%2C+I">I. Aggarwal</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Aggarwal%2C+M+M">M. M. Aggarwal</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Ahammed%2C+Z">Z. Ahammed</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Anderson%2C+D+M">D. M. Anderson</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Aschenauer%2C+E+C">E. C. Aschenauer</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Atchison%2C+J">J. Atchison</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bairathi%2C+V">V. Bairathi</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Baker%2C+W">W. Baker</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Cap%2C+J+G+B">J. G. Ball Cap</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Barish%2C+K">K. Barish</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bellwied%2C+R">R. Bellwied</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bhagat%2C+P">P. Bhagat</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bhasin%2C+A">A. Bhasin</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bhatta%2C+S">S. Bhatta</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bielcik%2C+J">J. Bielcik</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bielcikova%2C+J">J. Bielcikova</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Brandenburg%2C+J+D">J. D. Brandenburg</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Cai%2C+X+Z">X. Z. Cai</a> , et al. (349 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2209.11940v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We report a measurement of cumulants and correlation functions of event-by-event proton multiplicity distributions from fixed-target Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV measured by the STAR experiment. Protons are identified within the rapidity ($y$) and transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) region $-0.9 < y<0$ and $0.4 < p_{\rm T} <2.0 $ GeV/$c$ in the center-of-mass frame. A systematic a… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2209.11940v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2209.11940v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2209.11940v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We report a measurement of cumulants and correlation functions of event-by-event proton multiplicity distributions from fixed-target Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV measured by the STAR experiment. Protons are identified within the rapidity ($y$) and transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) region $-0.9 < y<0$ and $0.4 < p_{\rm T} <2.0 $ GeV/$c$ in the center-of-mass frame. A systematic analysis of the proton cumulants and correlation functions up to sixth-order as well as the corresponding ratios as a function of the collision centrality, $p_{\rm T}$, and $y$ are presented. The effect of pileup and initial volume fluctuations on these observables and the respective corrections are discussed in detail. The results are compared to calculations from the hadronic transport UrQMD model as well as a hydrodynamic model. In the most central 5\% collisions, the value of proton cumulant ratio $C_4/C_2$ is negative, drastically different from the values observed in Au+Au collisions at higher energies. Compared to model calculations including Lattice QCD, a hadronic transport model, and a hydrodynamic model, the strong suppression in the ratio of $C_4/C_2$ at 3 GeV Au+Au collisions indicates an energy regime dominated by hadronic interactions. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2209.11940v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2209.11940v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 22 February, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 24 September, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">25 pages, 20 figures, 4 tables</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. C 107, 024908(2023) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.02402">arXiv:2112.02402</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.02402">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2112.02402">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Lattice">hep-lat</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Quantifying corrections to the hadron resonance gas with lattice QCD </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bellwied%2C+R">Rene Bellwied</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bors%C3%A1nyi%2C+S">Szabolcs Bors谩nyi</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Fodor%2C+Z">Zolt谩n Fodor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Guenther%2C+J+N">Jana N. Guenther</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Katz%2C+S+D">S谩ndor D. Katz</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Parotto%2C+P">Paolo Parotto</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=P%C3%A1sztor%2C+A">Attila P谩sztor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Peszny%C3%A1k%2C+D">D谩vid Peszny谩k</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Ratti%2C+C">Claudia Ratti</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Szab%C3%B3%2C+K+K">K谩lm谩n K. Szab贸</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2112.02402v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The hadron resonance gas (HRG) model and its extensions are often used to describe the hadronic phase of strongly interacting matter. In our work we use lattice-QCD simulations with temporal extents of $N_蟿=8,10$ and $12$ to quantify corrections to the ideal HRG. Firstly, we determine a number of subleading fugacity expansion coefficients of the QCD free energy via a two-dimensional scan on the im… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2112.02402v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2112.02402v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2112.02402v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The hadron resonance gas (HRG) model and its extensions are often used to describe the hadronic phase of strongly interacting matter. In our work we use lattice-QCD simulations with temporal extents of $N_蟿=8,10$ and $12$ to quantify corrections to the ideal HRG. Firstly, we determine a number of subleading fugacity expansion coefficients of the QCD free energy via a two-dimensional scan on the imaginary baryon number chemical potential ($渭_B$) - strangeness chemical potential ($渭_S$) plane. Using the aforementioned coefficients, we also extrapolate ratios of baryon number and strangeness fluctuations and correlations to finite chemical potentials via a truncated fugacity expansion. Our results extrapolated along the crossover line $T_\mathrm{c}(渭_B)$ at strangeness neutrality are able to reproduce trends of experimental net-proton fluctuations measured by the STAR Collaboration. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2112.02402v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2112.02402v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 4 December, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2021. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">10 pages, 4 figures, Contribution to the 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, LATTICE2021 26th-30th July, 2021</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.06625">arXiv:2102.06625</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.06625">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2102.06625">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Lattice">hep-lat</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Theory">nucl-th</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.094508">10.1103/PhysRevD.104.094508 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Corrections to the hadron resonance gas from lattice QCD and their effect on fluctuation-ratios at finite density </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bellwied%2C+R">Rene Bellwied</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Borsanyi%2C+S">Szabolcs Borsanyi</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Fodor%2C+Z">Zoltan Fodor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Guenther%2C+J+N">Jana N. Guenther</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Katz%2C+S+D">Sandor D. Katz</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Parotto%2C+P">Paolo Parotto</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Pasztor%2C+A">Attila Pasztor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Pesznyak%2C+D">David Pesznyak</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Ratti%2C+C">Claudia Ratti</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Szabo%2C+K+K">Kalman K. Szabo</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2102.06625v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The hadron resonance gas (HRG) model is often believed to correctly describe the confined phase of QCD. This assumption is the basis of many phenomenological works on QCD thermodynamics and of the analysis of hadron yields in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We use first-principle lattice simulations to calculate corrections to the ideal HRG. Namely, we determine the sub-leading fugacity expansi… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2102.06625v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2102.06625v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2102.06625v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The hadron resonance gas (HRG) model is often believed to correctly describe the confined phase of QCD. This assumption is the basis of many phenomenological works on QCD thermodynamics and of the analysis of hadron yields in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We use first-principle lattice simulations to calculate corrections to the ideal HRG. Namely, we determine the sub-leading fugacity expansion coefficients of the grand canonical free energy, receiving contributions from processes like kaon-kaon or baryon-baryon scattering. We achieve this goal by performing a two dimensional scan on the imaginary baryon number chemical potential ($渭_B$) - strangeness chemical potential ($渭_S$) plane, where the fugacity expansion coefficients become Fourier coefficients. We carry out a continuum limit estimation of these coefficients by performing lattice simulations with temporal extents of $N_蟿=8,10,12$ using the 4stout-improved staggered action. We then use the truncated fugacity expansion to extrapolate ratios of baryon number and strangeness fluctuations and correlations to finite chemical potentials. Evaluating the fugacity expansion along the crossover line, we reproduce the trend seen in the experimental data on net-proton fluctuations by the STAR collaboration. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2102.06625v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2102.06625v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 12 February, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2021. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">13 pages, 6 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.06762">arXiv:1911.06762</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.06762">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1911.06762">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Lattice">hep-lat</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Theory">nucl-th</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Cross-correlators of conserved charges in QCD </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bellwied%2C+R">Rene Bellwied</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Borsanyi%2C+S">Szabolcs Borsanyi</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Fodor%2C+Z">Zoltan Fodor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Guenther%2C+J+N">Jana N. Guenther</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Noronha-Hostler%2C+J">Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Parotto%2C+P">Paolo Parotto</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Pasztor%2C+A">Attila Pasztor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Ratti%2C+C">Claudia Ratti</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Stafford%2C+J+M">Jamie M. Stafford</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1911.06762v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We present cross-correlators of QCD conserved charges at $渭_B=0$ from lattice simulations and perform a Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model analysis to break down the hadronic contributions to these correlators. We construct a suitable hadronic proxy for the ratio $-蠂_{11}^{BS}/蠂_2^S$ and discuss the dependence on the chemical potential and experimental cuts. We then perform a comparison to prelimina… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1911.06762v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1911.06762v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1911.06762v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We present cross-correlators of QCD conserved charges at $渭_B=0$ from lattice simulations and perform a Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model analysis to break down the hadronic contributions to these correlators. We construct a suitable hadronic proxy for the ratio $-蠂_{11}^{BS}/蠂_2^S$ and discuss the dependence on the chemical potential and experimental cuts. We then perform a comparison to preliminary STAR results and comment on a possible direct comparison of lattice and experiment. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1911.06762v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1911.06762v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 15 November, 2019; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2019. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">6 pages, 3 figures, contribution to the proceedings from the 18th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM 2019)</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.14592">arXiv:1910.14592</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.14592">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1910.14592">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Lattice">hep-lat</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.034506">10.1103/PhysRevD.101.034506 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Off-diagonal correlators of conserved charges from lattice QCD and how to relate them to experiment </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bellwied%2C+R">Rene Bellwied</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Borsanyi%2C+S">Szabolcs Borsanyi</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Fodor%2C+Z">Zoltan Fodor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Guenther%2C+J+N">Jana N. Guenther</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Noronha-Hostler%2C+J">Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Parotto%2C+P">Paolo Parotto</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Pasztor%2C+A">Attila Pasztor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Ratti%2C+C">Claudia Ratti</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Stafford%2C+J+M">Jamie M. Stafford</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1910.14592v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Like fluctuations, non-diagonal correlators of conserved charges provide a tool for the study of chemical freeze-out in heavy ion collisions. They can be calculated in thermal equilibrium using lattice simulations, and be connected to moments of event-by-event net-particle multiplicity distributions. We calculate them from continuum extrapolated lattice simulations at $渭_B=0$, and present a finite… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1910.14592v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1910.14592v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1910.14592v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Like fluctuations, non-diagonal correlators of conserved charges provide a tool for the study of chemical freeze-out in heavy ion collisions. They can be calculated in thermal equilibrium using lattice simulations, and be connected to moments of event-by-event net-particle multiplicity distributions. We calculate them from continuum extrapolated lattice simulations at $渭_B=0$, and present a finite-$渭_B$ extrapolation, comparing two different methods. In order to relate the grand canonical observables to the experimentally available net-particle fluctuations and correlations, we perform a Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model analysis, which allows us to completely break down the contributions from different hadrons. We then construct suitable hadronic proxies for fluctuations ratios, and study their behavior at finite chemical potentials. We also study the effect of introducing acceptance cuts, and argue that the small dependence of certain ratios on the latter allows for a direct comparison with lattice QCD results, provided that the same cuts are applied to all hadronic species. Finally, we perform a comparison for the constructed quantities for experimentally available measurements from the STAR Collaboration. Thus, we estimate the chemical freeze-out temperature to 165 MeV using a strangeness-related proxy. This is a rather high temperature for the use of the Hadron Resonance Gas, thus, further lattice studies are necessary to provide first principle results at intermediate $渭_B$. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1910.14592v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1910.14592v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 10 February, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 31 October, 2019; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2019. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">20 pages, 17 figures, 1 table, version published in Phys.Rev.D</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. D 101, 034506 (2020) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.01113">arXiv:1702.01113</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1702.01113">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1702.01113">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Lattice">hep-lat</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Theory">nucl-th</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.034517">10.1103/PhysRevD.96.034517 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Constraining the hadronic spectrum through QCD thermodynamics on the lattice </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Alba%2C+P">Paolo Alba</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bellwied%2C+R">Rene Bellwied</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Borsanyi%2C+S">Szabolcs Borsanyi</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Fodor%2C+Z">Zoltan Fodor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Guenther%2C+J">Jana Guenther</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Katz%2C+S+D">Sandor D. Katz</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Sarti%2C+V+M">Valentina Mantovani Sarti</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Noronha-Hostler%2C+J">Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Parotto%2C+P">Paolo Parotto</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Pasztor%2C+A">Attila Pasztor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Vazquez%2C+I+P">Israel Portillo Vazquez</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Ratti%2C+C">Claudia Ratti</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1702.01113v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Fluctuations of conserved charges allow to study the chemical composition of hadronic matter. A comparison between lattice simulations and the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model suggested the existence of missing strange resonances. To clarify this issue we calculate the partial pressures of mesons and baryons with different strangeness quantum numbers using lattice simulations in the confined phase… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1702.01113v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1702.01113v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1702.01113v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Fluctuations of conserved charges allow to study the chemical composition of hadronic matter. A comparison between lattice simulations and the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model suggested the existence of missing strange resonances. To clarify this issue we calculate the partial pressures of mesons and baryons with different strangeness quantum numbers using lattice simulations in the confined phase of QCD. In order to make this calculation feasible, we perform simulations at imaginary strangeness chemical potentials. We systematically study the effect of different hadronic spectra on thermodynamic observables in the HRG model and compare to lattice QCD results. We show that, for each hadronic sector, the well established states are not enough in order to have agreement with the lattice results. Additional states, either listed in the Particle Data Group booklet (PDG) but not well established, or predicted by the Quark Model (QM), are necessary in order to reproduce the lattice data. For mesons, it appears that the PDG and the quark model do not list enough strange mesons, or that, in this sector, interactions beyond those included in the HRG model are needed to reproduce the lattice QCD results. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1702.01113v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1702.01113v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 3 February, 2017; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2017. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">9 pages, 9 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. D 96, 034517 (2017) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.00221">arXiv:1610.00221</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1610.00221">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1610.00221">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Theory">nucl-th</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Lattice">hep-lat</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/779/1/012050">10.1088/1742-6596/779/1/012050 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Strangeness at finite temperature from Lattice QCD </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Noronha-Hostler%2C+J">Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bellwied%2C+R">Rene Bellwied</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Gunther%2C+J">Jana Gunther</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Parotto%2C+P">Paolo Parotto</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Pasztor%2C+A">Attila Pasztor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Vazquez%2C+I+P">Israel Portillo Vazquez</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Ratti%2C+C">Claudia Ratti</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1610.00221v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The precision reached by recent lattice QCD results allows for the first time to investigate whether the measured hadronic spectrum is missing some additional strange states, which are predicted by the Quark Model but have not yet been detected. This can be done by comparing some sensitive thermodynamic observables from lattice QCD to the predictions of the Hadron Resonance Gas model (with the inc… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1610.00221v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1610.00221v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1610.00221v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The precision reached by recent lattice QCD results allows for the first time to investigate whether the measured hadronic spectrum is missing some additional strange states, which are predicted by the Quark Model but have not yet been detected. This can be done by comparing some sensitive thermodynamic observables from lattice QCD to the predictions of the Hadron Resonance Gas model (with the inclusion of decays [3]). We propose a set of specific observables, defined as linear combinations of conserved charge fluctuations, which allow to investigate this issue for baryons containing one or more strange quarks separately. Applications of these observables to isolate the multiplicity fluctuations of kaons from lattice QCD, and their comparison with the experimental results, are also discussed. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1610.00221v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1610.00221v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 2 October, 2016; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2016. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">4 pages, 3 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the Strangeness in Quark Matter conference (June 27 to July 1, 2016, Berkeley, CA, USA)</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.02527">arXiv:1607.02527</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.02527">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1607.02527">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Lattice">hep-lat</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Theory">nucl-th</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Kaon fluctuations from lattice QCD </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Noronha-Hostler%2C+J">Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bellwied%2C+R">Rene Bellwied</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Gunther%2C+J">Jana Gunther</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Parotto%2C+P">Paolo Parotto</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Pasztor%2C+A">Attila Pasztor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Vazquez%2C+I+P">Israel Portillo Vazquez</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Ratti%2C+C">Claudia Ratti</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1607.02527v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We show that it is possible to isolate a set of kaon fluctuations in lattice QCD. By means of the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model, we calculate the actual kaon second-to-first fluctuation ratio, which receives contribution from primordial kaons and resonance decays, and show that it is very close to the one obtained for primordial kaons in the Boltzmann approximation. The latter only involves the… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1607.02527v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1607.02527v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1607.02527v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We show that it is possible to isolate a set of kaon fluctuations in lattice QCD. By means of the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model, we calculate the actual kaon second-to-first fluctuation ratio, which receives contribution from primordial kaons and resonance decays, and show that it is very close to the one obtained for primordial kaons in the Boltzmann approximation. The latter only involves the strangeness and electric charge chemical potentials, which are functions of $T$ and $渭_B$ due to the experimental constraint on strangeness and electric charge, and can therefore be calculated on the lattice. This provides an unambiguous method to extract the kaon freeze-out temperature, by comparing the lattice results to the experimental values for the corresponding fluctuations. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1607.02527v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1607.02527v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 8 July, 2016; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2016. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">5 pages, 3 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.02493">arXiv:1607.02493</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.02493">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1607.02493">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Lattice">hep-lat</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Theory">nucl-th</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2017.05.044">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2017.05.044 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The QCD equation of state at finite density from analytical continuation </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Gunther%2C+J">J. Gunther</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bellwied%2C+R">R. Bellwied</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Borsanyi%2C+S">S. Borsanyi</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Fodor%2C+Z">Z. Fodor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Katz%2C+S+D">S. D. Katz</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Pasztor%2C+A">A. Pasztor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Ratti%2C+C">C. Ratti</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1607.02493v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We determine the equation of state of QCD at finite chemical potential, to order $(渭_B/T)^6$, for a system of 2+1 quark flavors. The simulations are performed at the physical mass for the light and strange quarks on several lattice spacings; the results are continuum extrapolated using lattices of up to $N_t=16$ temporal resolution. The QCD pressure and interaction measure are calculated along the… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1607.02493v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1607.02493v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1607.02493v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We determine the equation of state of QCD at finite chemical potential, to order $(渭_B/T)^6$, for a system of 2+1 quark flavors. The simulations are performed at the physical mass for the light and strange quarks on several lattice spacings; the results are continuum extrapolated using lattices of up to $N_t=16$ temporal resolution. The QCD pressure and interaction measure are calculated along the isentropic trajectories in the $(T,~渭_B)$ plane corresponding to the RHIC Beam Energy Scan collision energies. Their behavior is determined through analytic continuation from imaginary chemical potentials of the baryonic density. We also determine the Taylor expansion coefficients around $渭_B=0$ from the simulations at imaginary chemical potentials. Strangeness neutrality and charge conservation are imposed, to match the experimental conditions. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1607.02493v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1607.02493v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 8 July, 2016; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2016. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">5 pages, 4 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.00466">arXiv:1601.00466</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1601.00466">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1601.00466">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Theory">nucl-th</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Lattice">hep-lat</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2016.02.010">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2016.02.010 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Towards the QCD phase diagram from analytical continuation </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bellwied%2C+R">R. Bellwied</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Borsanyi%2C+S">S. Borsanyi</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Fodor%2C+Z">Z. Fodor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Gunther%2C+J">J. Gunther</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Katz%2C+S+D">S. D. Katz</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Pasztor%2C+A">A. Pasztor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Ratti%2C+C">C. Ratti</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Szabo%2C+K+K">K. K. Szabo</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1601.00466v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We calculate the QCD cross-over temperature, the equation of state and fluctuations of conserved charges at finite density by analytical continuation from imaginary to real chemical potentials. Our calculations are based on new continuum extrapolated lattice simulations using the 4stout staggered actions with a lattice resolution up to $N_t=16$. The simulation parameters are tuned such that the st… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1601.00466v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1601.00466v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1601.00466v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We calculate the QCD cross-over temperature, the equation of state and fluctuations of conserved charges at finite density by analytical continuation from imaginary to real chemical potentials. Our calculations are based on new continuum extrapolated lattice simulations using the 4stout staggered actions with a lattice resolution up to $N_t=16$. The simulation parameters are tuned such that the strangeness neutrality is maintained, as it is in heavy ion collisions. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1601.00466v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1601.00466v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 4 January, 2016; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2016. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">4 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of the Quark Matter 2015 conference, Kobe, Japan</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.07510">arXiv:1507.07510</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1507.07510">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1507.07510">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Lattice">hep-lat</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Theory">nucl-th</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The QCD phase diagram from analytic continuation </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bellwied%2C+R">R. Bellwied</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Borsanyi%2C+S">S. Borsanyi</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Fodor%2C+Z">Z. Fodor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=G%C3%BCnther%2C+J">J. G眉nther</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Katz%2C+S+D">S. D. Katz</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Ratti%2C+C">C. Ratti</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Szabo%2C+K+K">K. K. Szabo</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1507.07510v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We present the crossover line between the quark gluon plasma and the hadron gas phases for small real chemical potentials. First we determine the effect of imaginary values of the chemical potential on the transition temperature using lattice QCD simulations. Then we use various formulas to perform an analytic continuation to real values of the baryo-chemical potential. Our data set maintains stra… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1507.07510v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1507.07510v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1507.07510v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We present the crossover line between the quark gluon plasma and the hadron gas phases for small real chemical potentials. First we determine the effect of imaginary values of the chemical potential on the transition temperature using lattice QCD simulations. Then we use various formulas to perform an analytic continuation to real values of the baryo-chemical potential. Our data set maintains strangeness neutrality to match the conditions of heavy ion physics. The systematic errors are under control up to $渭_B\approx 300$ MeV. For the curvature of the transition line we find that there is an approximate agreement between values from three different observables: the chiral susceptibility, chiral condensate and strange quark susceptibility. The continuum extrapolation is based on $N_t=$ 10, 12 and 16 lattices. By combining the analysis for these three observables we find, for the curvature, the value $魏= 0.0149 \pm 0.0021$. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1507.07510v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1507.07510v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 12 November, 2015; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 27 July, 2015; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2015. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">14 pages, 4 figures, revised version</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.04627">arXiv:1507.04627</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1507.04627">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1507.04627">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Lattice">hep-lat</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.92.114505">10.1103/PhysRevD.92.114505 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Fluctuations and correlations in high temperature QCD </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bellwied%2C+R">R. Bellwied</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Borsanyi%2C+S">S. Borsanyi</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Fodor%2C+Z">Z. Fodor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Katz%2C+S+D">S. D. Katz</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Pasztor%2C+A">A. Pasztor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Ratti%2C+C">C. Ratti</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Szabo%2C+K+K">K. K. Szabo</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1507.04627v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We calculate second- and fourth-order cumulants of conserved charges in a temperature range stretching from the QCD transition region towards the realm of (resummed) perturbation theory. We perform lattice simulations with staggered quarks; the continuum extrapolation is based on $N_t=10\dots24$ in the crossover-region and $N_t=8\dots16$ at higher temperatures. We find that the Hadron Resonance Ga… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1507.04627v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1507.04627v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1507.04627v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We calculate second- and fourth-order cumulants of conserved charges in a temperature range stretching from the QCD transition region towards the realm of (resummed) perturbation theory. We perform lattice simulations with staggered quarks; the continuum extrapolation is based on $N_t=10\dots24$ in the crossover-region and $N_t=8\dots16$ at higher temperatures. We find that the Hadron Resonance Gas model predictions describe the lattice data rather well in the confined phase. At high temperatures (above $\sim$250 MeV) we find agreement with the three-loop Hard Thermal Loop results. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1507.04627v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1507.04627v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 16 July, 2015; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2015. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">18 pages revtex, 13 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. D 92, 114505 (2015) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.5681">arXiv:1309.5681</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1309.5681">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1309.5681">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1309.5681">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Lattice">hep-lat</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Theory">nucl-th</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.032302">10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.032302 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Energy Dependence of Moments of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=STAR+Collaboration"> STAR Collaboration</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Adamczyk%2C+L">L. Adamczyk</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Adkins%2C+J+K">J. K. Adkins</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Agakishiev%2C+G">G. Agakishiev</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Aggarwal%2C+M+M">M. M. Aggarwal</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Ahammed%2C+Z">Z. Ahammed</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Alekseev%2C+I">I. Alekseev</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Alford%2C+J">J. Alford</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Anson%2C+C+D">C. D. Anson</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Aparin%2C+A">A. Aparin</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Arkhipkin%2C+D">D. Arkhipkin</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Aschenauer%2C+E+C">E. C. Aschenauer</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Averichev%2C+G+S">G. S. Averichev</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Balewski%2C+J">J. Balewski</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Banerjee%2C+A">A. Banerjee</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Barnovska%2C+Z">Z. Barnovska</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Beavis%2C+D+R">D. R. Beavis</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bellwied%2C+R">R. Bellwied</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bhasin%2C+A">A. Bhasin</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bhati%2C+A+K">A. K. Bhati</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bhattarai%2C+P">P. Bhattarai</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bichsel%2C+H">H. Bichsel</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bielcik%2C+J">J. Bielcik</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bielcikova%2C+J">J. Bielcikova</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bland%2C+L+C">L. C. Bland</a> , et al. (333 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1309.5681v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We report the beam energy (\sqrt s_{NN} = 7.7 - 200 GeV) and collision centrality dependence of the mean (M), standard deviation (蟽), skewness (S), and kurtosis (魏) of the net-proton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions. The measurements are carried out by the STAR experiment at midrapidity (|y| < 0.5) and within the transverse momentum range 0.4 < pT < 0.8 GeV/c in the first phase of th… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1309.5681v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1309.5681v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1309.5681v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We report the beam energy (\sqrt s_{NN} = 7.7 - 200 GeV) and collision centrality dependence of the mean (M), standard deviation (蟽), skewness (S), and kurtosis (魏) of the net-proton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions. The measurements are carried out by the STAR experiment at midrapidity (|y| < 0.5) and within the transverse momentum range 0.4 < pT < 0.8 GeV/c in the first phase of the Beam Energy Scan program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These measurements are important for understanding the Quantum Chromodynamic (QCD) phase diagram. The products of the moments, S蟽and 魏蟽^{2}, are sensitive to the correlation length of the hot and dense medium created in the collisions and are related to the ratios of baryon number susceptibilities of corresponding orders. The products of moments are found to have values significantly below the Skellam expectation and close to expectations based on independent proton and anti-proton production. The measurements are compared to a transport model calculation to understand the effect of acceptance and baryon number conservation, and also to a hadron resonance gas model. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1309.5681v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1309.5681v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 22 September, 2013; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2013. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">7 pages and 4 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014) 032302 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1305.6297">arXiv:1305.6297</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1305.6297">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1305.6297">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Lattice">hep-lat</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Theory">nucl-th</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.202302">10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.202302 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Is there a flavor hierarchy in the deconfinement transition of QCD? </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bellwied%2C+R">Rene Bellwied</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Borsanyi%2C+S">Szabolcs Borsanyi</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Fodor%2C+Z">Zoltan Fodor</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Katz%2C+S+D">Sandor D Katz</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Ratti%2C+C">Claudia Ratti</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1305.6297v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We present possible indications for flavor separation during the QCD crossover transition based on continuum extrapolated lattice QCD calculations of higher order susceptibilities. We base our findings on flavor specific quantities in the light and strange quark sector. We propose a possible experimental verification of our prediction, based on the measurement of higher order moments of identified… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1305.6297v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1305.6297v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1305.6297v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We present possible indications for flavor separation during the QCD crossover transition based on continuum extrapolated lattice QCD calculations of higher order susceptibilities. We base our findings on flavor specific quantities in the light and strange quark sector. We propose a possible experimental verification of our prediction, based on the measurement of higher order moments of identified particle multiplicities. Since all our calculations are performed at zero baryochemical potential, these results are of particular relevance for the heavy ion program at the LHC. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1305.6297v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1305.6297v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 May, 2013; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2013. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">5 pages, 3 figures, revtex</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 202302 (2013) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1004.4959">arXiv:1004.4959</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1004.4959">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1004.4959">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1004.4959">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Lattice">hep-lat</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Theory">nucl-th</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.022302">10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.022302 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Higher Moments of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Aggarwal%2C+M+M">M. M. Aggarwal</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Ahammed%2C+Z">Z. Ahammed</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Alakhverdyants%2C+A+V">A. V. Alakhverdyants</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Alekseev%2C+I">I. Alekseev</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Alford%2C+J">J. Alford</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Anderson%2C+B+D">B. D. Anderson</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Arkhipkin%2C+D">D. Arkhipkin</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Averichev%2C+G+S">G. S. Averichev</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Balewski%2C+J">J. Balewski</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Barnby%2C+L+S">L. S. Barnby</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Baumgart%2C+S">S. Baumgart</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Beavis%2C+D+R">D. R. Beavis</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bellwied%2C+R">R. Bellwied</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Betancourt%2C+M+J">M. J. Betancourt</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Betts%2C+R+R">R. R. Betts</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bhasin%2C+A">A. Bhasin</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bhati%2C+A+K">A. K. Bhati</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bichsel%2C+H">H. Bichsel</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bielcik%2C+J">J. Bielcik</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bielcikova%2C+J">J. Bielcikova</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Biritz%2C+B">B. Biritz</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bland%2C+L+C">L. C. Bland</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bonner%2C+3+B+E">3 B. E. Bonner</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Bouchet%2C+J">J. Bouchet</a>, <a href="/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Braidot%2C+E">E. Braidot</a> , et al. (359 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1004.4959v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We report the first measurements of the kurtosis (魏), skewness (S) and variance (蟽^2) of net-proton multiplicity (N_p - N_pbar) distributions at midrapidity for Au+Au collisions at \sqrt(s_NN) = 19.6, 62.4, and 200 GeV corresponding to baryon chemical potentials (渭_B) between 200 - 20 MeV. Our measurements of the products 魏蟽^2 and S 蟽, which can be related to theoretical calculations sensitive t… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1004.4959v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1004.4959v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1004.4959v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We report the first measurements of the kurtosis (魏), skewness (S) and variance (蟽^2) of net-proton multiplicity (N_p - N_pbar) distributions at midrapidity for Au+Au collisions at \sqrt(s_NN) = 19.6, 62.4, and 200 GeV corresponding to baryon chemical potentials (渭_B) between 200 - 20 MeV. Our measurements of the products 魏蟽^2 and S 蟽, which can be related to theoretical calculations sensitive to baryon number susceptibilities and long range correlations, are constant as functions of collision centrality. We compare these products with results from lattice QCD and various models without a critical point and study the \sqrt(s_NN) dependence of 魏蟽^2. From the measurements at the three beam energies, we find no evidence for a critical point in the QCD phase diagram for 渭_B below 200 MeV. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1004.4959v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1004.4959v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 12 June, 2010; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 28 April, 2010; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> April 2010. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">6 pages and 4 figures. Version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys.Rev.Lett.105:022302,2010 </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary">  <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 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