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vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 个人工具 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans">资助维基百科</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"> 创建账号</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"> 登录</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息">了解详情</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y">贡献</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-名稱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名稱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 名稱 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名稱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 历史 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关历史子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-早期歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早期歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 早期歷史 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早期歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-立陶宛大公國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#立陶宛大公國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 立陶宛大公國 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-立陶宛大公國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-波蘭立陶宛聯邦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#波蘭立陶宛聯邦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 波蘭立陶宛聯邦 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-波蘭立陶宛聯邦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第一次俄佔" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第一次俄佔"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 第一次俄佔 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第一次俄佔-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-近現代史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#近現代史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 近現代史 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-近現代史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-一戰和戰間期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#一戰和戰間期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 一戰和戰間期 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-一戰和戰間期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-二戰" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#二戰"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 二戰 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-二戰-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第二次俄佔時期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第二次俄佔時期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.3 第二次俄佔時期 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第二次俄佔時期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.3.1 立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-恢復獨立至今" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#恢復獨立至今"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.4 恢復獨立至今 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-恢復獨立至今-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 地理 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-地理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关地理子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-地理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-環境" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#環境"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 環境 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-環境-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-動植物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#動植物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 動植物 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-動植物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-行政区划" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#行政区划"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 行政区划 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-行政区划-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 政治 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-政治-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关政治子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-政治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-政府" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政府"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 政府 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政府-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-選舉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#選舉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 選舉 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-選舉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 法治 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外交" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外交"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 外交 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外交-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-軍事" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#軍事"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 軍事 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-軍事-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-经济與產業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#经济與產業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 经济與產業 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-经济與產業-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关经济與產業子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-经济與產業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-公司" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#公司"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 公司 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-公司-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-農業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#農業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 農業 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-農業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-旅遊業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#旅遊業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 旅遊業 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-旅遊業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-科技" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#科技"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 科技 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-科技-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 人口 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-人口-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关人口子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-人口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-族群" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#族群"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 族群 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-族群-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 宗教 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-都市化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#都市化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 都市化 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-都市化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-健康" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#健康"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 健康 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-健康-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 教育 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-基礎建設" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#基礎建設"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 基礎建設 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-基礎建設-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关基礎建設子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-基礎建設-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-交通運輸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#交通運輸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 交通運輸 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-交通運輸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-能源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#能源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 能源 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-能源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 文化 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关文化子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-語言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#語言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 語言 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-語言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 文學 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-建築" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#建築"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 建築 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-建築-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-戲劇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戲劇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 戲劇 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-戲劇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音樂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音樂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 音樂 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音樂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-搖滾/抗爭音樂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#搖滾/抗爭音樂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5.1 搖滾/抗爭音樂 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-搖滾/抗爭音樂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-飲食" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#飲食"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 飲食 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-飲食-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-媒體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#媒體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.7 媒體 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-媒體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-節日" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#節日"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.8 節日 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-節日-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-運動" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#運動"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.9 運動 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-運動-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 参考文献 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关参考文献子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 引用 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 外部链接 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">立陶宛</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。282种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-282" aria-hidden="true" > 282种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Литуание – 阿迪格语" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Литуание" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="阿迪格语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litaue" title="Litaue – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Litaue" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8A%E1%89%B5%E1%8B%8C%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%AB" title="ሊትዌኒያ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሊትዌኒያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%BE%C3%BEuania" title="Liþþuania – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Liþþuania" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 奥博洛语" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="奥博洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुआनिया – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लिथुआनिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ليتوانيا – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليتوانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AC%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܬܘܢܝܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܬܘܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ليتوانيا – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ليتوانيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ليتوانيا – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليتوانيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuva" title="Lietuva – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Lietuva" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुआनिया – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="लिथुआनिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litua%C3%B1a" title="Lituaña – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Lituaña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litva" title="Litva – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Litva" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="لیتوانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیتوانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litaun" title="Litaun – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Litaun" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietova" title="Lietova – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lietova" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituanya" title="Lituanya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lituanya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Літва – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Літва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Летува – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Летува" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litowen" title="Litowen – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Litowen" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुआनिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लिथुआनिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwania" title="Litwania – 比斯拉马语" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Litwania" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉马语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="লিথুয়ানিয়া – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিথুয়ানিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ལི་ཐུ་ཨེ་ནི་ཡ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལི་ཐུ་ཨེ་ནི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="লিথুয়ানিয়া – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="লিথুয়ানিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvanija" title="Litvanija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Litvanija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu%C3%A0nia" title="Lituània – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lituània" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwanya" title="Litwanya – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Litwanya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 查莫罗语" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="查莫罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%97%E1%8F%AA%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A0" title="ᎵᏗᏪᏂᎠ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎵᏗᏪᏂᎠ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 夏延语" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="夏延语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="لیتوانیا – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیتوانیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvaniya" title="Litvaniya – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Litvaniya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litva" title="Litva – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Litva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABtwa" title="Lëtwa – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Lëtwa" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литъва – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Литъва" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithwania" title="Lithwania – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lithwania" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwanya" title="Litwanya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Litwanya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litawska" title="Litawska – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Litawska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुआनिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="लिथुआनिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%87%DE%AD%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7" title="ލިތުއޭނިއާ – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ލިތުއޭނިއާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ། – 宗卡语" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="宗卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 埃维语" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="埃维语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Λιθουανία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λιθουανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu%C3%A0gna" title="Lituàgna – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Lituàgna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litovio" title="Litovio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Litovio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leedu" title="Leedu – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leedu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litua%C3%B1a" title="Lituaña – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lituaña" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="لیتوانی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیتوانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituwaniya" title="Lituwaniya – 富拉语" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Lituwaniya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="富拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liettua" title="Liettua – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liettua" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leedu" title="Leedu – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Leedu" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litava" title="Litava – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Litava" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituanie" title="Lituanie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lituanie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituanie" title="Lituanie – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lituanie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Litouwen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Liotu%C3%A1in" title="An Liotuáin – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Liotuáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvaniya" title="Litvaniya – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Litvaniya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litchwani" title="Litchwani – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Litchwani" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liotu%C3%A0inia" title="Liotuàinia – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Liotuàinia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu%C3%A1%C3%B1a" title="Lituáña – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Lituáña" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुआनिया – 孔卡尼文" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="लिथुआनिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="孔卡尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌻𐌹𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌻𐌹𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="લિથુઆનિયા – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લિથુઆનિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Litaan" title="Yn Litaan – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Litaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90" title="ליטא – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליטא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुआनिया – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिथुआनिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litva" title="Litva – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Litva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litawska" title="Litawska – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Litawska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityani" title="Lityani – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lityani" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litv%C3%A1nia" title="Litvánia – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Litvánia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1" title="Լիտվա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիտվա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Լիթուանիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լիթուանիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithunia" title="Lithunia – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Lithunia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%C3%A1en" title="Litáen – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Litáen" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%95%E1%90%8B%E1%91%90%E1%95%99" title="ᓕᐋᑐᕙ – 因纽特语" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓕᐋᑐᕙ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="因纽特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%88%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2" title="リトアニア – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リトアニア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituyenia" title="Lituyenia – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Lituyenia" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/lietuvas" title="lietuvas – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="lietuvas" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litowen" title="Litowen – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Litowen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ლიეტუვა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიეტუვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litva" title="Litva – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Litva" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwanya" title="Litwanya – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Litwanya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Литоу – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Литоу" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituyanii" title="Lituyanii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lituyanii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuva" title="Lietuva – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Lietuva" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rithu%C4%A9nia" title="Rithuĩnia – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Rithuĩnia" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%88%AC%EC%95%84%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" title="리투아니아 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리투아니아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Летува – 科米-彼尔米亚克语" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Летува" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼尔米亚克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AEtvanya" title="Lîtvanya – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lîtvanya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithouani" title="Lithouani – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lithouani" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuva" title="Lietuva – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lietuva" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithueenia" title="Lithueenia – 卢干达语" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Lithueenia" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="卢干达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litouwe" title="Litouwe – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Litouwe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lito%C3%A0nia" title="Litoània – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Litoània" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwani" title="Litwani – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Litwani" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດລິດຕົວນີ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດລິດຕົວນີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuva" title="Lietuva – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lietuva" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%ABtova" title="Lītova – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Lītova" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuva" title="Lietuva – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lietuva" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 马都拉语" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="马都拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoania" title="Litoania – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Litoania" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritu%C4%81nia" title="Rituānia – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rituānia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Литванија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Литванија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ലിത്വാനിയ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിത്വാനിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯂꯤꯊ꯭ꯋꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯤꯊ꯭ꯋꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुएनिया – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिथुएनिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwanja" title="Litwanja – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Litwanja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhitu%C3%A1nia" title="Lhituánia – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lhituánia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="လစ်သူယေးနီးယားနိုင်ငံ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လစ်သူယေးနီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Литва Мастор – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Литва Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="لیتوانی – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لیتوانی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Litouwen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुआनिया – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लिथुआनिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुआनिया – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लिथुआनिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Litouwen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanie" title="Lithuanie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Lithuanie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%A9j%C3%A9%C3%A9%CA%BC_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Tséjééʼ Dineʼé Bikéyah – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tséjééʼ Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 齐切瓦语" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="齐切瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu%C3%A0nia" title="Lituània – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lituània" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvu" title="Litvu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Litvu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituheeniyaa" title="Lituheeniyaa – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Lituheeniyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਆ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 邦阿西南语" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="邦阿西南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituanie" title="Lituanie – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Lituanie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litaun" title="Litaun – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Litaun" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथ्वानिया – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="लिथ्वानिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithyuanya" title="Lithyuanya – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Lithyuanya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwa" title="Litwa – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Litwa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="لیتھوینیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیتھوینیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Λιθουανία – 旁狄希臘文" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Λιθουανία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="旁狄希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ليتوانيا – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ليتوانيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu%C3%A2nia" title="Lituânia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lituânia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituwa" title="Lituwa – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lituwa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituaniya" title="Lituaniya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Lituaniya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 隆迪语" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="隆迪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituanie" title="Lituanie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lituanie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Літва – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Літва" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituwaniya" title="Lituwaniya – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Lituwaniya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="लेतुवा – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लेतुवा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱞᱤᱛᱷᱩᱣᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱤᱛᱷᱩᱣᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu%C3%A0nia" title="Lituània – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Lituània" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanie" title="Lithuanie – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lithuanie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%BF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="لٿوينيا – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لٿوينيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuva" title="Lietuva – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Lietuva" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituan%C3%AFi" title="Lituanïi – 桑戈语" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Lituanïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="桑戈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvanija" title="Litvanija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Litvanija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwaniya" title="Litwaniya – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Litwaniya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%82%87%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းလီႉတူႇဝေးၼီးယႃး – 掸语" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းလီႉတူႇဝေးၼီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="掸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ලිතුවේනියාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලිතුවේනියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litva" title="Litva – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Litva" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litva" title="Litva – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Litva" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufiana" title="Lufiana – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Lufiana" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liettua" title="Liettua – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Liettua" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritwaniya" title="Ritwaniya – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ritwaniya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwaaniya" title="Litwaaniya – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Litwaaniya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Литванија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Литванија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituwaniyakondre" title="Lituwaniyakondre – 苏里南汤加语" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Lituwaniyakondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="苏里南汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuwani" title="Lithuwani – 斯瓦蒂语" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Lithuwani" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦蒂语" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 南索托语" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="南索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituanya" title="Lituanya – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lituanya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwa" title="Litwa – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Litwa" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="லித்துவேனியா – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லித்துவேனியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="లిథువేనియా – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లిథువేనియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu%C3%A1nia" title="Lituánia – 德顿语" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lituánia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="德顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศลิทัวเนีย – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศลิทัวเนีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwa" title="Litwa – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Litwa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwanya" title="Litwanya – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Litwanya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litv%C9%99" title="Litvə – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Litvə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 汤加语" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituwenia" title="Lituwenia – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Lituwenia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvanya" title="Litvanya – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Litvanya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 赛德克语" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="赛德克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rituania" title="Rituania – 塔希提语" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Rituania" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="塔希提语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%89%D8%AA%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="لىتۋانىيە – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لىتۋانىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="لتھوینیا – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لتھوینیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litva" title="Litva – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Litva" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 文达语" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="文达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81itu%C3%A0nia" title="Łituània – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łituània" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvanma" title="Litvanma – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Litvanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litva" title="Litva – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Litva" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litouwn" title="Litouwn – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Litouwn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuv%C3%A4n" title="Lietuvän – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lietuvän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwaneye" title="Litwaneye – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Litwaneye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituwaani" title="Lituwaani – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Lituwaani" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="立陶宛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ლიეტუვა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლიეტუვა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2" title="ליטע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ליטע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu%C3%A9n%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Lituéníà – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Lituéníà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Litouwen" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵍⵉⵜⵡⴰⵏⵢⴰ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵍⵉⵜⵡⴰⵏⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="立陶宛" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuva" title="Lietuva – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lietuva" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="立陶宛" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILithuwaniya" title="ILithuwaniya – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ILithuwaniya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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.ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">立陶宛共和國</div><div class="ib-country-names">Lietuvos Respublika（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛語">立陶宛語</a>）</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 2px 0 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="立陶宛国旗"><img alt="立陶宛国旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/125px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/188px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/250px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="立陶宛国旗">国旗</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 5px 0 2px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="立陶宛国徽"><img alt="立陶宛国徽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD" title="立陶宛国徽"> 国徽</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem" style="">国歌：Tautiška giesmė （<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%8C_(%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B)" title="国歌 (立陶宛)">《國歌》</a>）<div style="padding-top:0.5em;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="108" data-mwtitle="Tautiška_giesme_instrumental.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Tauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/Tauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga/Tauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English‪（en）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=eo&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eo" label="Esperanto‪（eo）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español‪（es）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia‪（id）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어‪（ko）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=lt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="lt" label="lietuvių‪（lt）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski‪（pl）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português‪（pt）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский‪（ru）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣）‪（zh-tw）‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="立陶宛的位置（深绿色） – 欧洲（绿色及深灰色） – 欧洲联盟（绿色）  —  [圖例放大]"><img alt="立陶宛的位置（深绿色） – 欧洲（绿色及深灰色） – 欧洲联盟（绿色）  —  [圖例放大]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EU-Lithuania.svg/250px-EU-Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EU-Lithuania.svg/375px-EU-Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EU-Lithuania.svg/500px-EU-Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;{{{padding}}}"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">立陶宛</a>的位置（深绿色）– <a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>（绿色及深灰色） – <a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">欧洲联盟</a>（绿色）  —  [<a href="/wiki/File:EU-Lithuania.svg" title="File:EU-Lithuania.svg">圖例放大</a>]</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首都<div class="ib-country-largest">暨最大城市</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" title="维尔纽斯">维尔纽斯</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&params=54_41_N_25_19_E_type:city">54°41′N 25°19′E / 54.683°N 25.317°E / 54.683; 25.317</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">官方语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛語">立陶宛語</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">地方语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="波兰语">波兰語</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="俄語">俄語</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" title="族群">族群</a><div class="ib-country-ethnic">（2019<a href="#cite_note-2019a-2">[2]</a>）</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>84.1% <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BA%BA" title="立陶宛人">立陶宛人</a></li><li>6.6% <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="波蘭人">波蘭人</a></li><li>5.8% <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="俄羅斯人">俄羅斯人</a></li><li>1.2% <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="白俄罗斯人">白俄羅斯人</a></li><li>0.5% <a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭人">烏克蘭人</a></li><li>0.1% <a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太人">猶太人</a></li><li>0.1% <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E5%8D%A1%E9%9F%83%E9%9D%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="利普卡韃靼人">韃靼人</a></li><li>0.1% <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="德意志人">德意志人</a></li><li>0.1% <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="羅姆人">羅姆人</a></li><li>0.1% <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="拉脫維亞人">拉脫維亞人</a></li><li>1.3% 其他 / 不明确</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">宗教<div class="ib-country-religion">（2016<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>）</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space:nowrap;">93% <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="基督宗教">基督宗教</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">（—75% <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">—18% <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="基督教教派">其他教派</a> ）</li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">6% <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="无信仰">无信仰</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">1% 其他</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="立陶宛政治">政府</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" title="单一制">单一制</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="半总统制">半总统制</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="共和国">共和国</a><a href="#cite_note-Lina-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dual-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛总统">总统</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%91%99%E5%A1%9E%E9%81%94" title="吉塔納斯·瑙塞達">吉塔納斯·瑙塞達</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="立陶宛总理">总理</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%A0%BC%E9%BA%97%E9%81%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%BC%E7%89%B9" title="因格麗達·希莫尼特">因格麗達·希莫尼特</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 议会议长 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%A5%87%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%A9%E7%89%B9-%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%A3%AE" title="维多利亚·奇米利特-尼尔森">维多利亚·奇米利特-尼尔森</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">立法机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="立陶宛议会">议会</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="立陶宛历史">历史</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛王國">立陶宛王國</a>建立 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1236年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E6%B2%83%E8%81%94%E5%90%88" title="克雷沃联合">与波兰組成共主邦联</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1386年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="波兰立陶宛联邦">波兰立陶宛联邦</a>建立 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1569年7月1日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%88%86%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="瓜分波兰">联邦灭亡</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1795年10月</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="立陶宛獨立法案">宣告獨立</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1918年2月16日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E4%BF%84-%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="蘇俄-立陶宛和平條約">获得苏俄承认</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1920年7月12日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯佔領波羅的海國家">苏联占领</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1940年6月－1990年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/1991%E5%B9%B4%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%95" title="1991年立陶宛独立公投">恢复独立</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1990年3月11日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 加入<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">欧洲联盟</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2004年5月1日</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="立陶宛地理">面积</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">65,300平方公里（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="世界各国和地区面积列表">第121位</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 水域率</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.35%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="立陶宛人口">人口</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2020年估计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">▲2,794,329<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国家和地区人口列表">第140位</a>） </td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 密度</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">43/平方公里（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国家和地区人口密度列表">第173位</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7" title="购买力平价">PPP</a>）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2022年估计</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1,296.58亿<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a><a href="#cite_note-imf2-7">[7]</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%9E%E8%B4%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国实质国内生产总值列表">第83位</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 人均</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">46,479美元<a href="#cite_note-imf2-7">[7]</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E5%AE%9E%E8%B4%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国人均实质国内生产总值列表">第36位</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a>（国际汇率）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2022年估计</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">697.82亿美元<a href="#cite_note-imf2-7">[7]</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国名义国内生产总值列表">第80位</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 人均</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">25,015美元<a href="#cite_note-imf2-7">[7]</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E5%90%8D%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国人均名义国内生产总值列表">第40位</a>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%BC%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0" title="基尼系数">基尼系数</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">▼ 0.369<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>（2018年） <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83933911">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>中 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="人类发展指数">人类发展指数</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">▲ 0.882<a href="#cite_note-HDI-9">[9]</a>（2019年） <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732967">html:not(.skin-theme-clientpref-night) .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.isdarkmode{display:none}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.nodarkmode{display:none}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.nodarkmode{display:none}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911">极高<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911">极高 · <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各國人類發展指數列表">第34位</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">货币</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="歐元">歐元</a>（<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">时区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%97%B6" title="协调世界时">UTC</a>+2（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="欧洲东部时间">欧洲东部时间</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6" title="夏时制">夏令时</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%97%B6" title="协调世界时">UTC</a>+3（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="欧洲东部夏令时间">欧洲东部夏令时间</a>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">日期格式</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">yyyy-mm-dd（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%83" title="公元">公元</a>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF%E9%80%9A%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91" title="道路通行方向">行驶方位</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">靠右行驶</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">电话区号</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">+370</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166码</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-2:LT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166-2:LT（页面不存在）">LT</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="國家和地區頂級域">互联网顶级域</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/.lt" title=".lt">.lt</a>a</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="ib-country-website">网站 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lietuva.lt">www.lietuva.lt</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="ib-country-fn"><ol class="ib-country-fn-alpha"> <li value="1">同时使用欧盟的<a href="/wiki/.eu" title=".eu">.eu</a>域名</li> </ol></div></td></tr></tbody></table> 立陶宛共和國（立陶宛語：Lietuvos Respublika <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" title="Help:立陶宛语国际音标">[lʲɪɛtʊˈvoːs rʲɛsˈpʊblʲɪkɐ]</a>），通稱立陶宛（立陶宛語：Lietuva <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" title="Help:立陶宛语国际音标">[lʲɪɛtʊˈvɐ]</a>），位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>东北部<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="波罗的海国家">波罗的海三国</a>之一，首都與最大城市為<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" title="维尔纽斯">维尔纽斯</a>，另外還有<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="考那斯">考那斯</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="克萊佩達">克萊佩達</a>等城市。立陶宛全國人口约280万，面积约6.5万平方公里，北接<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="拉脱维亚">拉脱维亚</a>、东南接<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a>、南接<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>、西南接<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E5%B7%9E" title="加里宁格勒州">加里宁格勒州</a>，西濱<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="波羅的海">波羅的海</a>。 波羅的海東南岸自古為許多支<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA" title="波羅的人">波羅的人</a>部落居住地，1230年代<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E9%81%93%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF" title="明道加斯">明道加斯</a>漸吞併其他公爵、王公的領土，統一了立陶宛全境並皈依<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>，於1253年接受教宗<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%A3%AE%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="諾森四世">諾森四世</a>加冕，建立<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛王國">立陶宛王國</a>，1263年明道加斯被刺殺後立陶宛恢復成多神信仰的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛大公國">立陶宛大公國</a>，14世紀時為歐洲最大的國家，領土範圍包括今立陶宛、白俄羅斯、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a>、波蘭和俄羅斯的一部分<a href="#cite_note-Bideleux-11">[11]</a>。1569年立陶宛與波蘭確立<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E5%B8%83%E6%9E%97%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88" title="盧布林聯合">盧布林聯合</a>，共組<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦">波蘭立陶宛聯邦</a>，18世紀晚期<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%88%86%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="瓜分波蘭">波蘭被列強瓜分</a>，聯邦瓦解，立陶宛土地大部分被<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯帝國">俄羅斯帝國</a>併吞。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>結束後，立陶宛共和國在1918年2月16日簽署<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="立陶宛獨立法案">立陶宛獨立法案</a>宣布獨立，但第二次世界大戰時先後被<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a>佔領，1944年德國敗退後再次<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6_(1944%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯佔領波羅的海國家 (1944年)（页面不存在）">被蘇聯佔領</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1944)" class="extiw" title="en:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944)">Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944)</a>），立陶宛公民以<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%B8%B8%E5%87%BB%E9%98%9F" title="立陶宛游击队">游击队</a>對抗<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>，一直持續至1950年代。1989年立陶宛与拉脱维亚、<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a>三国公民以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="波羅的海之路">波罗的海之路</a>人链示威，抗议苏联佔領波罗的海三国。1990年3月11日（<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E8%A7%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯解體">蘇聯解體</a>前一年）立陶宛通過<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%BE%A9%E5%9C%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="立陶宛復國法案">復國法案</a>，成為第一個自蘇聯獨立的加盟共和國<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>。 立陶宛是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="北大西洋公约组织">北大西洋公约组织</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">欧洲联盟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="欧洲委员会">欧洲委员会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A" title="波罗的海国家理事会">波羅的海國家理事會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際貨幣基金組織">國際貨幣基金組織</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A7%E6%8A%95%E8%B5%84%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="北欧投资银行">北歐投資銀行</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E8%88%87%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="歐洲安全與合作組織">歐洲安全與合作組織</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B3%E6%A0%B9%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="申根公约">申根公约</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%85%83%E5%8C%BA" title="欧元区">欧元区</a>等國際机构組織的成員國，立陶宛属于<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%94%B6%E5%85%A5%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E9%AB%94" title="高收入經濟體">高收入經濟体</a>並為高<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="人类发展指数">人类发展指数</a>国家。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="名稱">名稱</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：名稱">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lietuvos_vardas._The_first_name_of_Lithuania_in_writing_1009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lietuvos_vardas._The_first_name_of_Lithuania_in_writing_1009.jpg/220px-Lietuvos_vardas._The_first_name_of_Lithuania_in_writing_1009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lietuvos_vardas._The_first_name_of_Lithuania_in_writing_1009.jpg/330px-Lietuvos_vardas._The_first_name_of_Lithuania_in_writing_1009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lietuvos_vardas._The_first_name_of_Lithuania_in_writing_1009.jpg/440px-Lietuvos_vardas._The_first_name_of_Lithuania_in_writing_1009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption>奎德林堡編年史中首次出現立陶宛一名</figcaption></figure> 已知「立陶宛」（Lietuva）之名最早的紀錄出自《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%8E%E5%BE%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E7%B7%A8%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B2" title="奎德林堡編年史">奎德林堡編年史</a>》中1009年3月關於傳教士<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%8E%E7%88%BE%E5%AF%8C%E7%89%B9%E7%9A%84%E8%81%96%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E8%AB%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奎爾富特的聖布魯諾（页面不存在）">奎爾富特的聖布魯諾</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_of_Querfurt" class="extiw" title="en:Bruno of Querfurt">Bruno of Querfurt</a>）的一則故事<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>，其中提到了Lietuva的拉丁化名Litua<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>。此名稱的來源有兩種說法，一說指波羅的海地區的許多<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%A7%B0%E5%91%BC" title="民族称呼">族群名</a>均來自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水文名（页面不存在）">水文名</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydronym" class="extiw" title="en:Hydronym">Hydronym</a>），Lietuva一名即為來自克爾納韋附近的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%A9%E8%80%B6%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="利耶塔瓦河（页面不存在）">利耶塔瓦河</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietava_(Neris)" class="extiw" title="en:Lietava (Neris)">Lietava (Neris)</a>）<a href="#cite_note-Zigmas2-15">[15]</a>，有觀點認為這條河流很小，較不可能是立陶宛的名稱來源，但這種命名方式在歷史上有先例<a href="#cite_note-Zigmas-16">[16]</a>；另一說指此名來自當時組成立陶宛社會、臣服於統治者的軍事組織<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%88%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烈提司（页面不存在）">烈提司</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei%C4%8Diai" class="extiw" title="en:Leičiai">Leičiai</a>）（Leičiai）<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>，14至16世紀的歷史文獻仍有用Leičiai稱呼立陶宛人者，與立陶宛語相近的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉脫維亞語">拉脫維亞語</a>至今在詩作中或描述歷史時也會使用這個詞稱呼立陶宛人<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史">历史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：历史">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82943465">.mw-parser-output .mw-stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .mw-stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:721px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baltic-amber-colours.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Baltic-amber-colours.JPG/220px-Baltic-amber-colours.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Baltic-amber-colours.JPG/330px-Baltic-amber-colours.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Baltic-amber-colours.JPG/440px-Baltic-amber-colours.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption>古典時期<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波羅的琥珀（页面不存在）">琥珀</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_Amber" class="extiw" title="en:Baltic Amber">Baltic Amber</a>）為波羅的海地區的重要貨物，波羅的人會透過<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="琥珀之路">琥珀之路</a>將送往<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a></figcaption></figure></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LithuanianHistory_zh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/LithuanianHistory_zh.svg/225px-LithuanianHistory_zh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/LithuanianHistory_zh.svg/338px-LithuanianHistory_zh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/LithuanianHistory_zh.svg/450px-LithuanianHistory_zh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1750" /></a><figcaption>立陶宛的領土變遷示意圖</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛歷史">立陶宛歷史</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="早期歷史">早期歷史</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：早期歷史">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AB%E6%AC%A1%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="末次冰期">末次冰期</a>後（約西元前10萬年前）立陶宛一帶出現了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%86%E9%81%94%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="昆達文化（页面不存在）">昆達文化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunda_culture" class="extiw" title="en:Kunda culture">Kunda culture</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼曼文化（页面不存在）">尼曼文化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neman_culture" class="extiw" title="en:Neman culture">Neman culture</a>）與<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%BE%E7%93%A6%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="納爾瓦文化">納爾瓦文化</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="中石器時代">中石器</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="新石器時代">新石器時代</a>文化<a href="#cite_note-PoloméWinter2011-20">[20]</a>，居民以游獵維生，尚未形成定居點。西元前8000年左右因氣候變暖，當地森林漸茂，人群也漸趨定居生活，但直至西元前3000年左右當地才有農業出現，並開始有手工藝製作與貿易，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%BA%E9%81%B7%E7%A7%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印歐人遷移（页面不存在）">印歐人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_migrations" class="extiw" title="en:Indo-European migrations">Indo-European migrations</a>）也約於此時期來到立陶宛，和當地人混血產生了多支波羅的人部落<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a>。 波羅的人部落與<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a>有一些商業往來，透過<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="琥珀之路">琥珀之路</a>將<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80" title="琥珀">琥珀</a>運往羅馬，但受羅馬的文化與政治影響不大<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald1996-22">[22]</a>，羅馬歷史學家<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E8%A5%BF%E4%BD%97" title="塔西佗">塔西佗</a>在《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%BF%97" title="日耳曼尼亚志">日耳曼尼亞志</a>》提到了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E4%BA%BA" title="埃斯蒂人">埃斯蒂人</a>，可能即為波羅的海東南岸的一支波羅的人。波羅的人中居住地較靠西的部落與外地的接觸較早，西元2世紀<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3%E7%8B%84%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E5%8B%92%E5%AF%86" title="克劳狄乌斯·托勒密">托勒密</a>已經知道<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加林迪亞人（页面不存在）">加林迪亞人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galindians" class="extiw" title="en:Galindians">Galindians</a>）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%89%B9%E7%B6%AD%E6%81%A9%E6%A0%BC%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="約特維恩格人（页面不存在）">約特維恩格人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yotvingians" class="extiw" title="en:Yotvingians">Yotvingians</a>），<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F" title="中世纪前期">中世紀前期</a>的文獻也有提到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%99%AE%E9%B2%81%E5%A3%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="古普鲁士人">古普魯士人</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%AB%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="庫洛尼亞人（页面不存在）">庫洛尼亞人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curonians" class="extiw" title="en:Curonians">Curonians</a>）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9F%E7%B1%B3%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑟米加利亞人（页面不存在）">瑟米加利亞人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semigallians" class="extiw" title="en:Semigallians">Semigallians</a>）<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a>。 立陶宛語被認為是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="印歐語系">印歐語系</a>中相當<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語言保守（页面不存在）">存古</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_conservatism" class="extiw" title="en:Linguistic conservatism">Linguistic conservatism</a>）的一種語言，約於7世紀時和拉脫維亞語分家<a href="#cite_note-Bumblauskas_13-24">[24]</a>。立陶宛傳統的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="立陶宛神话">多神信仰</a>與習俗保留了很長的時間，當地傳統會在統治者死後將其<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="火化">火化</a>，文獻中可見中世紀的立陶宛大公<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E6%96%AF" title="阿尔吉尔达斯">阿爾吉爾達斯</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E6%8F%90%E6%96%AF" title="科斯圖提斯">科斯圖提斯</a>死後火化儀式的記載<a href="#cite_note-Bumblauskas_24-25-25">[25]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_facade_of_the_Trakai_Island_Castle,_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Front_facade_of_the_Trakai_Island_Castle%2C_2009.jpg/220px-Front_facade_of_the_Trakai_Island_Castle%2C_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Front_facade_of_the_Trakai_Island_Castle%2C_2009.jpg/330px-Front_facade_of_the_Trakai_Island_Castle%2C_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Front_facade_of_the_Trakai_Island_Castle%2C_2009.jpg/440px-Front_facade_of_the_Trakai_Island_Castle%2C_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1832" /></a><figcaption>立陶宛大公的住所<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%87%AF%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="特拉凯城堡">特拉凱城堡</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="立陶宛大公國">立陶宛大公國</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：立陶宛大公國">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛大公國">立陶宛大公國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛王國">立陶宛王國</a></div> 9世紀至11世紀海岸的波羅的人常受<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="維京人">維京人</a>侵擾<a href="#cite_note-Kasekamp2017-26">[26]</a>，當地王公向<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="基輔羅斯">基輔羅斯</a>進貢。12世紀中葉立陶宛人開始侵略<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA" title="鲁塞尼亚人">魯塞尼亞人</a>的領地，12世紀末已有穩定且有組織的軍事力量，用於對外劫掠財寶與奴隸，1183年立陶宛人襲擊了今<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="波拉次克">波拉次克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="普斯科夫">普斯科夫</a>，甚至距離更遠的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="諾夫哥羅德共和國">諾夫哥羅德共和國</a>也是其侵略範圍<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a>，這些軍事行動也帶動立陶宛社會的轉型，逐漸形成國家的雛形，並發展成立陶宛大公國<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> ，1219年21位<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%AC%E7%88%B5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="立陶宛早期公爵列表">立陶宛公爵</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%EF%BC%8D%E6%B2%83%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="加利西亞－沃里尼亞王國">加利西亞－沃里尼亞王國</a>簽署和平條約，為波羅的部落聯合最早的證據<a href="#cite_note-gerutis-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a>。 當時立陶宛為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E7%AA%9D%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5" title="立窝尼亚十字军入侵">立窩尼亞十字軍</a>入侵，1236年9月22日<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%8B%92%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇勒戰役">蘇勒戰役</a>中首位立陶宛大公明道加斯手下將領擊敗了寶劍騎士團<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a>，引發原本已被騎士團征服的庫洛尼亞人、瑟米加利亞人與瑟羅尼亞人起義，重挫騎士團在<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%8A%A0%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="道加瓦河">道加瓦河</a>左岸的戰果<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a>，2000年立陶宛與拉脫維亞議會因此決定將9月22日訂為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%98%E7%B5%90%E6%97%A5" title="波羅的團結日">波羅的團結日</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a>。1251年明道加斯皈依<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬天主教">羅馬天主教</a>，於1253年接受教宗諾森四世加冕為國王，建立立陶宛王國<a href="#cite_note-voruta2001-34">[34]</a>。1263年明道加斯被暗殺後立陶宛恢復傳統的多神信仰，在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" title="立陶宛十字軍">立陶宛十字軍</a>戰役中為<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%9D%E9%A0%93%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="條頓騎士團">條頓騎士團</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E7%AA%9D%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB%E5%9B%A2" title="立窝尼亚骑士团">立窩尼亞騎士團</a>征討，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%94%E5%A5%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮尔奈（页面不存在）">皮尔奈圍城戰</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pil%C4%97nai" class="extiw" title="en:Pilėnai">Pilėnai</a>）即為其中著名的戰役，此時期立陶宛仍持續向東擴張，佔領數個原屬基輔羅斯的公國<a href="#cite_note-Swanson2015-35">[35]</a>。 據傳說記載，14世紀初期的立陶宛大公<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%BF%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF" title="格迪米纳斯">格迪米納斯</a>有一次在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="維爾尼亞河">維爾尼亞河</a>附近狩獵後在當地過夜，夢見一隻站在山丘上的大隻<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E7%8B%BC" title="鐵狼">鐵狼</a>大聲嚎叫，祭司<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%B2%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="利茲代卡（页面不存在）">利茲代卡</a>（立陶宛语：<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizdeika" class="extiw" title="lt:Lizdeika">Lizdeika</a>）認為鐵狼象徵城堡，格迪米納斯遂遵神意建城，以<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%B2%B3" title="维尔尼亚河">维尔尼亚河</a>之名將其取名為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%BE%A4" title="維爾紐斯城堡建築群">維爾紐斯城</a>並以其為都，即今立陶宛的首都<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>。1362年或1363年立陶宛大公<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E6%96%AF" title="阿尔吉尔达斯">阿爾吉爾達斯</a>在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8D%E6%B0%B4%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藍水之戰（页面不存在）">藍水之戰</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Blue_Waters" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Blue Waters">Battle of Blue Waters</a>）中大敗<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%B3%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="金帳汗國">金帳汗國</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a>，佔領<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="波多里亚">波多里亞</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%8E%9F%E9%87%8E" title="烏克蘭原野">烏克蘭原野</a><a href="#cite_note-baran-38">[38]</a>，東面與<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="莫斯科大公国">莫斯科大公國</a>接壤<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>，14世紀末的立陶宛大公國為全歐洲面積最大的國家，領土範圍包括今立陶宛、白俄羅斯、烏克蘭以及波蘭和俄羅斯的一部分<a href="#cite_note-Bideleux-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a>，因地緣關係其文化與宗教均多元，官方文件除<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>也使用秘书室斯拉夫语（書面的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="羅塞尼亞語">羅塞尼亞語</a>）<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autor_nieznany_(malarz_z_kr%C4%99gu_Lukasa_Cranacha_Starszego),_Bitwa_pod_Orsz%C4%85.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Autor_nieznany_%28malarz_z_kr%C4%99gu_Lukasa_Cranacha_Starszego%29%2C_Bitwa_pod_Orsz%C4%85.jpg/220px-Autor_nieznany_%28malarz_z_kr%C4%99gu_Lukasa_Cranacha_Starszego%29%2C_Bitwa_pod_Orsz%C4%85.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Autor_nieznany_%28malarz_z_kr%C4%99gu_Lukasa_Cranacha_Starszego%29%2C_Bitwa_pod_Orsz%C4%85.jpg/330px-Autor_nieznany_%28malarz_z_kr%C4%99gu_Lukasa_Cranacha_Starszego%29%2C_Bitwa_pod_Orsz%C4%85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Autor_nieznany_%28malarz_z_kr%C4%99gu_Lukasa_Cranacha_Starszego%29%2C_Bitwa_pod_Orsz%C4%85.jpg/440px-Autor_nieznany_%28malarz_z_kr%C4%99gu_Lukasa_Cranacha_Starszego%29%2C_Bitwa_pod_Orsz%C4%85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7131" data-file-height="4469" /></a><figcaption>1514年的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E6%B2%99%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧爾沙戰役（页面不存在）">奧爾沙戰役</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Orsha" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Orsha">Battle of Orsha</a>）中波蘭與立陶宛聯軍擊敗莫斯科大公國</figcaption></figure> 1386年波蘭公主<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%8A%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="雅德维加">雅德維加</a>與立陶宛大公<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E8%93%8B%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="約蓋拉">約蓋拉</a>成婚，兩國組成<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%BB%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF" title="共主邦聯">共主邦聯</a>，約蓋拉統治期間立陶宛逐漸<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛的基督化">基督教化</a>，為歐洲最晚接受基督教的地區之一，其北邊地區於12世紀末即被數個騎士團征服而信仰基督教，立陶宛因當時擊敗了寶劍騎士團，遲至14世紀末才接受基督教<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a>。約蓋拉死後，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E9%99%B6%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF" title="维陶塔斯">維陶塔斯</a>在內戰中勝出，於1392年成為立陶宛公爵，他治下的立陶宛國勢達到頂峰，開始<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9B%86%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="中央集權">中央集權</a>，1399年維陶塔斯與<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%AB%E8%84%AB%E8%BF%B7%E5%A4%B1" title="脫脫迷失">脫脫迷失</a>的聯軍在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%B3%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沃尔斯克拉河战役（页面不存在）">沃尔斯克拉河战役</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Vorskla" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of the Vorskla">Battle of the Vorskla</a>）敗於<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%B3%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="金帳汗國">金帳汗國</a>，不過1410年波蘭與立陶宛聯軍在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E4%BC%A6%E7%93%A6%E5%BE%B7%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="格伦瓦德之战">格伦瓦德之战</a>擊敗條頓騎士團，此戰為中世紀歐洲最大的戰役之一<a href="#cite_note-Lane-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a>，1429年維陶塔斯獲<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="西吉斯蒙德 (神聖羅馬帝國)">西吉斯蒙德</a>封為國王，但運送王冠的使節在波蘭被截住而耽擱，維陶塔斯於隔年皇冠送抵的前幾天逝世<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>。維陶塔斯逝世後立陶宛貴族一度試圖脫離與波蘭的聯盟，但15世紀末被迫重新與其結盟對抗興起的莫斯科大公國，先後爆發<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91-%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="莫斯科-立陶宛戰爭">莫斯科-立陶宛戰爭</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E7%AA%A9%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="立窩尼亞戰爭">立窩尼亞戰爭</a>，前者持續至16世紀初，據《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%AD%E8%AE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫斯科公国札记（页面不存在）">莫斯科公国札记</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notes_on_Muscovite_Affairs" class="extiw" title="en:Notes on Muscovite Affairs">Notes on Muscovite Affairs</a>）》記載，1514年的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E6%B2%99%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧爾沙戰役（页面不存在）">奧爾沙戰役</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Orsha" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Orsha">Battle of Orsha</a>）中波蘭與立陶宛聯軍以寡擊眾擊敗了莫斯科大公國，並抓獲其將領<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>；<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E7%AA%A9%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="立窩尼亞戰爭">立窩尼亞戰爭</a>則於1558年爆發，於1583年以波蘭與立陶宛（當時已組成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦">波蘭立陶宛聯邦</a>）的勝利告終，簽署的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E5%A7%86%E2%80%94%E6%89%8E%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%81%9C%E6%88%98%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚姆—扎波利斯克停战协定（页面不存在）">亚姆—扎波利斯克停战协定</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truce_of_Yam-Zapolsky" class="extiw" title="en:Truce of Yam-Zapolsky">Truce of Yam-Zapolsky</a>）中聯邦獲得<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E7%AA%A9%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="立窩尼亞">立窩尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="波拉次克">波拉次克</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E5%88%A9%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="韋利日">韋利日</a>，波蘭立陶宛軍隊則退出<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%A2%E5%9F%BA" title="大卢基">大盧基</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="普斯科夫">普斯科夫</a>等俄國領土<a href="#cite_note-Roberts1968-49">[49]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="波蘭立陶宛聯邦">波蘭立陶宛聯邦</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：波蘭立陶宛聯邦">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦">波蘭立陶宛聯邦</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilenskija_zamki._%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%96_(T._Mako%C5%ADski,_1600).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Vilenskija_zamki._%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%96_%28T._Mako%C5%ADski%2C_1600%29.jpg/220px-Vilenskija_zamki._%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%96_%28T._Mako%C5%ADski%2C_1600%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Vilenskija_zamki._%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%96_%28T._Mako%C5%ADski%2C_1600%29.jpg/330px-Vilenskija_zamki._%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%96_%28T._Mako%C5%ADski%2C_1600%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Vilenskija_zamki._%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%96_%28T._Mako%C5%ADski%2C_1600%29.jpg/440px-Vilenskija_zamki._%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%96_%28T._Mako%C5%ADski%2C_1600%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>1600年的維爾紐斯，編號6為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%AE" title="立陶宛大公宮">立陶宛大公宮</a></figcaption></figure> 1569年，立陶宛與波蘭締結<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E5%B8%83%E6%9E%97%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88" title="盧布林聯合">盧布林聯合</a>，成立波蘭立陶宛聯邦，立陶宛保有自己的軍隊、貨幣與法律（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛大公国法规（页面不存在）">立陶宛大公国法规</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statutes_of_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Statutes of Lithuania">Statutes of Lithuania</a>））<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a>，此時期波蘭文化對立陶宛的政治、語言、文化與國族意識等都產生了重大<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E5%8C%96" title="波蘭化">影響</a>。聯邦初期國力强盛，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" class="mw-redirect" title="文藝復興">文藝復興</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a>影響下文化、藝術與教育勃興，並對外與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%87%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯沙皇國">沙俄</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%BC%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="鄂圖曼土耳其帝國">鄂圖曼土耳其帝國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="瑞典帝國">瑞典帝國</a>征戰，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%B7%B7%E4%B9%B1%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="俄罗斯混乱时期">俄羅斯混亂時期</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%EF%BC%8D%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD_(1609%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1618%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭－莫斯科戰爭 (1609年－1618年)">進攻俄羅斯</a>，甚至在1610年至1612年間佔領莫斯科<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>。 十七世紀中葉聯邦國力衰退<a href="#cite_note-Domar-52">[52]</a>，再次與沙俄爆發<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E6%B3%A2%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89_(1654%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1667%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="俄波战争 (1654年－1667年)">大規模衝突</a>，1655年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維爾紐斯之戰（页面不存在）">維爾紐斯之戰</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vilnius_(1655)" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Vilnius (1655)">Battle of Vilnius (1655)</a>）中聯邦敗於沙俄，立陶宛首都維爾紐斯被沙俄佔領，為歷史上該城首次被外國軍隊攻佔<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a>，俄軍在城中大肆搶掠破壞，直至1661年聯邦才收復維爾紐斯，立陶宛許多文物與國家檔案<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuanian_Metrica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lithuanian Metrica（页面不存在）">Lithuanian Metrica</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Metrica" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian Metrica">Lithuanian Metrica</a>）均在戰爭中佚失。同時期的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第二次北方戰爭">第二次北方戰爭</a>中聯邦全境一度被瑞典軍隊攻佔，經濟受到嚴重破壞，是為波立聯邦的「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="大洪水时代">大洪水时代</a>」。不久後聯邦國力未能恢復前又爆發了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="大北方戰爭">大北方戰爭</a>，同時爆發<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E7%98%9F%E7%96%AB%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大北方戰爭瘟疫爆發（页面不存在）">瘟疫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Northern_War_plague_outbreak" class="extiw" title="en:Great Northern War plague outbreak">Great Northern War plague outbreak</a>）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=1709%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%A7%E5%86%B0%E9%9C%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1709年大冰霜（页面不存在）">飢荒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Frost_of_1709" class="extiw" title="en:Great Frost of 1709">Great Frost of 1709</a>），聯邦失去了近40%人口<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a>。 1791年，聯邦的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B9%B4%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" title="四年議會">四年議會</a>通過<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%89%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="五三憲法">五三憲法</a>，為世界第二部成文憲法<a href="#cite_note-Ligeza2017-55">[55]</a>，試圖改革<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%97%8F%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="贵族民主制">贵族民主制</a>的缺陷，向<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E6%86%B2%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="君主立憲制">君主立憲制</a>轉型<a href="#cite_note-Sanford-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jędruch1982-178-57">[57]</a>，主張貴族與城鎮居民權利均等，將農民置於政府的保護之下以減輕虐用<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%A5%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="農奴">農奴</a>的情形<a href="#cite_note-Lukowski2010-227-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-fbs-59">[59]</a>。最終波立聯邦仍在1772年、1793年和1795年為俄羅斯、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="普魯士王國">普魯士</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%9C%8B" title="哈布斯堡君主國">奧地利</a>三次<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%88%86%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="瓜分波蘭">瓜分</a>後滅亡。立陶宛大公國的領土大多被<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯帝國">俄羅斯帝國</a>吞併<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第一次俄佔">第一次俄佔</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：第一次俄佔">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emila_Plater_conducting_Polish_scythemen_in_1831.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Emila_Plater_conducting_Polish_scythemen_in_1831.jpg/220px-Emila_Plater_conducting_Polish_scythemen_in_1831.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Emila_Plater_conducting_Polish_scythemen_in_1831.jpg/330px-Emila_Plater_conducting_Polish_scythemen_in_1831.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Emila_Plater_conducting_Polish_scythemen_in_1831.jpg/440px-Emila_Plater_conducting_Polish_scythemen_in_1831.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1153" /></a><figcaption>有「立陶宛的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%A5%B3%E8%B2%9E%E5%BE%B7" title="聖女貞德">聖女貞德</a>」之稱的<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E8%8E%B1%E7%89%B9" title="艾米利亚·普莱特">艾米利亞·普萊特</a>領導1830年至1831年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="十一月起义">十一月起義</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="十一月起义">1831年</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" title="一月起義">1863年</a>波蘭與立陶宛地區兩次起義對抗俄國統治均告失敗，俄羅斯則推行<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%8C%96" title="俄羅斯化">俄羅斯化</a>政策，1840年廢除立陶宛大公國法規，1865年起<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%9B%B8%E5%88%8A%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4" title="立陶宛書刊禁令">禁止立陶宛語出版品</a>，此外還關閉數個文教機構與天主教堂，但因有許多人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E8%B5%B0%E7%A7%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛書本走私（页面不存在）">走私立陶宛語書籍</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_book_smugglers" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian book smugglers">Lithuanian book smugglers</a>），以及在家庭內部秘密推行立陶宛文化教育，俄羅斯化的效果不彰<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%81%93%E5%9D%8E%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西蒙納斯·道坎塔斯（页面不存在）">西蒙納斯·道坎塔斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simonas_Daukantas" class="extiw" title="en:Simonas Daukantas">Simonas Daukantas</a>）等人推動<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛民族復興（页面不存在）">立陶宛民族復興</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Revival" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian National Revival">Lithuanian National Revival</a>），試圖脫離俄羅斯與波蘭的影響，從波立聯邦以前的古代立陶宛歷史、語言與文化逐步建構立陶宛獨立的民族意識<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9C%9F%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD_(1877%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1878%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="俄土戰爭 (1877年－1878年)">1877年－1878年年俄土戰爭</a>後俄國與德國的關係惡化，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF)" title="亚历山大二世 (俄罗斯)">亞歷山大二世</a>接受其將領的建議在西部邊境（立陶宛境內）建造<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E8%A6%81%E5%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="考納斯要塞">考納斯要塞</a>，為第一線的大型防禦工事<a href="#cite_note-Kauno_tvirtovė-65">[65]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="近現代史">近現代史</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：近現代史">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="一戰和戰間期">一戰和戰間期</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：一戰和戰間期">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Signatarai.Signatories_of_Lithuania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Signatarai.Signatories_of_Lithuania.jpg/220px-Signatarai.Signatories_of_Lithuania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Signatarai.Signatories_of_Lithuania.jpg/330px-Signatarai.Signatories_of_Lithuania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Signatarai.Signatories_of_Lithuania.jpg/440px-Signatarai.Signatories_of_Lithuania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>1918年簽署<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="立陶宛獨立法案">立陶宛獨立法案</a>的20名<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="立陶宛國民大會">立陶宛國民大會</a>成員</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第一次世界大战">第一次世界大战</a>期間<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯帝國">俄羅斯帝國</a>軍隊不敵德軍而<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%92%A4%E9%80%80_(%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF)" title="大撤退 (俄羅斯)">大撤退</a>後，立陶宛於1915年底被<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="德意志帝國">德意志帝國</a>佔領<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a>，被併入<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E9%83%A8%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="東部領地">東部領地</a>，立陶宛人的政治、出版與人身自由再次受到打壓<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a>，1917年俄国接連爆发<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="俄國二月革命">二月革命</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="十月革命">十月革命</a>，最後由<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AF%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="列寧">列寧</a>主導成立<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="苏维埃政权">蘇維埃政權</a>，此時的立陶宛知識份子試圖利用政治形勢發動獨立運動，同年9月<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="維爾紐斯會議">維爾紐斯會議</a>選出了<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="立陶宛國民大會">立陶宛國民大會</a>的20名成員<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a>，1918年2月16日國民大會簽署<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="立陶宛獨立法案">立陶宛獨立法案</a>，宣布立陶宛恢復獨立，以維爾紐斯為首都<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a>，儘管如此，德國軍隊才是實際控制者，國民大會並沒有任何權力。1918年3月佔領著立陶宛的德國承認其獨立並作為德國的附屬國存在。6月<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(1918%E5%B9%B4)" title="立陶宛王國 (1918年)">立陶宛王國</a>被建立。 一戰結束後立陶宛王國被撤銷，隨後奧古斯丁納斯·沃爾德馬拉斯頒行<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="立陶宛宪法">臨時憲法</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="奥古斯丁纳斯·沃尔德马拉斯">奧古斯丁納斯·沃爾德馬拉斯</a>成為首名立陶宛總理，組織政府與軍隊，開始為期三年的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="立陶宛独立战争">獨立戰爭</a>，對抗蘇聯支持的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B_(1918%E5%B9%B4-1919%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國 (1918年-1919年)">立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%EF%BC%8D%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛－蘇聯戰爭">立陶宛－蘇聯戰爭</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%BF%97%E6%84%BF%E5%86%9B" title="西俄罗斯志愿军">西俄羅斯志願軍</a>與波蘭（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E2%80%94%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="波蘭—立陶宛戰爭">波蘭—立陶宛戰爭</a>）<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a>，1919年<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭第二共和國">波蘭第二共和國</a>對立陶宛發動了<a href="/w/index.php?title=1919%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%A8%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%99%BC%E5%8B%95%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1919年波蘭在立陶宛發動政變（页面不存在）">一場政變</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919_Polish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt_in_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:1919 Polish coup d'état attempt in Lithuania">1919 Polish coup d'état attempt in Lithuania</a>），企圖建立親波政權並組成共主聯邦，但最終失敗<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a>。1920年10月爆發<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%88%A9%E6%88%88%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B5%E8%AE%8A" title="熱利戈夫斯基兵變">热利戈夫斯基兵变</a>，波蘭軍隊佔領了維爾紐斯地區，先建立了傀儡政權<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中立陶宛共和國">中立陶宛共和國</a>，1922年再將其併入<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E8%AB%BE%E7%9C%81" title="維爾諾省">維爾諾省</a><a href="#cite_note-Iskauskas-73">[73]</a>，立陶宛政府遷至<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="考那斯">考那斯</a>，但仍以維爾紐斯為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E4%B8%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="法律上">法律上</a>的首都，<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E9%96%93%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="戰間期">戰間期</a>立陶宛與波蘭的關係均非常緊張。1923年1月立陶宛在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" title="克萊佩達起義">克萊佩達起義</a>後佔領了原為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="國際聯盟">國際聯盟</a>託管的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="克萊佩達地區">克萊佩達地區</a><a href="#cite_note-s111-74">[74]</a>。1938年3月波蘭因歐洲局勢緊張而欲鞏固北方邊界，向立陶宛<a href="/wiki/1938%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E5%BE%8C%E9%80%9A%E7%89%92" title="1938年波蘭對立陶宛的最後通牒">發出最後通牒</a><a href="#cite_note-cd118-75">[75]</a>，要求立陶宛政府和波蘭重新建交否則出兵入侵，立陶宛政府知道自身實力不足以抵禦波蘭軍隊，因此接受了最後通牒，與波蘭恢復外交關係<a href="#cite_note-nyt-76">[76]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antanas_Smetona_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Antanas_Smetona_2.jpg/170px-Antanas_Smetona_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Antanas_Smetona_2.jpg/255px-Antanas_Smetona_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Antanas_Smetona_2.jpg/340px-Antanas_Smetona_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="971" data-file-height="1487" /></a><figcaption>戰間期的首任與末任立陶宛總統<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A1%94%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%A2%85%E6%89%98%E7%BA%B3" title="安塔纳斯·斯梅托纳">安塔納斯·斯梅托納</a>，於1919年至1920年與1926年至1940年任職總統</figcaption></figure> 內政方面，民選的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛憲法會議（页面不存在）">立陶宛憲法會議</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Constituent Assembly of Lithuania">Constituent Assembly of Lithuania</a>）於1920年5月31日首次召開，通過暫時憲法，1922年又通過了正式憲法。政府著手進行土地、經濟與教育改革，發行<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%AB%8B%E7%89%B9" title="立陶宛立特">立陶宛立特</a>，設立立陶宛大學（今<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E9%99%B6%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="维陶塔斯·马格努斯大学">维陶塔斯·马格努斯大学</a>）<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a>，並與多國建立外交關係，於1921年加入國聯<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a>。1926年立陶宛<a href="/wiki/1926%E5%B9%B4%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="1926年立陶宛政變">爆發政變</a>，曾任首任總統的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A1%94%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%A2%85%E6%89%98%E7%BA%B3" title="安塔纳斯·斯梅托纳">安塔納斯·斯梅托納</a>推翻了民主政府，保守的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛民族主义联盟（页面不存在）">立陶宛民族主义联盟</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Nationalist_Union" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian Nationalist Union">Lithuanian Nationalist Union</a>）登台掌權，1927年解散國會<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a>，並於1928年通過支持總統獨裁的新憲法，查禁反對黨並限制言論自由，少數族裔的權益也受到限縮<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a>。 戰間期立陶宛<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8B%E5%AF%A6%E4%B8%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="事實上">事實上</a>的首都考那斯有小巴黎之稱，生活水準接近西歐國家，受薪階級的薪資也與西歐國家相仿，1913年至1940年立陶宛人口與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工業生產（页面不存在）">工業生產</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_production" class="extiw" title="en:Industrial production">Industrial production</a>）均快速增長<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a>。但經濟情況受到國際經濟蕭條影響<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a>，1935年因農產品價格劇降，<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9E" title="蘇瓦爾基亞">蘇瓦爾基亞</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9E" title="祖基亞">祖基亞</a>均有農民罷工。政府積極鎮壓國內反對力量，1936年初有四名農民因發起暴動而被處死<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="二戰">二戰</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：二戰">编辑</a>]</div> 1939年3月20日<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a>向立陶宛發出最後通牒，要求其交出<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="克萊佩達地區">克萊佩達地區</a>，立陶宛政府在兩天後同意<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a>，同年德蘇簽訂《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%92%E4%B8%8D%E4%BE%B5%E7%8A%AF%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="苏德互不侵犯条约">苏德互不侵犯條約</a>》，在条约附带的秘密附加协议中，立陶宛被划入納粹德國势力范围。<blockquote>构成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7" title="波罗的海">波罗的海</a>诸国（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脱维亚</a>和立陶宛）的各地区如果发生领土与政治重组，立陶宛的北部边境将充当德国与苏联两国利益范围的边境。在此种情况下，立陶宛与维尔纽斯地区的相关利益将得到双方承认。</blockquote>8月29日，德国驻立陶宛特使埃里希·策希林宣称，战争开始后德国将要求立陶宛保持完全中立，但实际上德国政府希望立陶宛人在波兰遭到袭击时采取措施夺取维尔纽斯争议区。迫于英国与法国的外交压力，立陶宛并没有按照德国的意愿行事，而是宣布了中立。9月19日，苏联军队占领维尔纽斯，苏联政府获得了波罗的海领土与政治谈判的主动权<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a>。9月25日，斯大林建议变更现有的苏德秘密协议，德國放棄了除去立陶宛西南部以外的所有立陶宛领土以換取波兰的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%B8%83%E6%9E%97" title="卢布林">卢布林</a>及周边区域，默許了立陶宛成為蘇聯勢力範圍。德国人试图与苏联和立陶宛方面作进一步的交涉，但在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E6%B4%9B%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB" title="维亚切斯拉夫·莫洛托夫">莫洛托夫</a>和斯大林的精心策划下，10月立陶宛被迫簽訂<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF-%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯-立陶宛互助條約（页面不存在）">蘇聯-立陶宛互助條約</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Mutual_Assistance_Treaty" class="extiw" title="en:Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty">Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty</a>），准許蘇聯在立陶宛設立5個軍事基地與駐軍2萬人以交換蘇軍交還<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="蘇聯入侵波蘭">入侵波蘭</a>時佔領的維爾紐斯<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a>，隨後蘇聯被<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="冬季戰爭">冬季戰爭</a>耽擱，1940年6月14日蘇聯政府向立陶宛發出<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E5%BE%8C%E9%80%9A%E7%89%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯對立陶宛的最後通牒（页面不存在）">最後通牒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_ultimatum_to_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Soviet ultimatum to Lithuania">Soviet ultimatum to Lithuania</a>），要求改組立陶宛政府並允許紅軍隨意駐軍，立陶宛政府因境內已有蘇聯駐軍，無武力反抗的可能而被迫同意<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a>，斯梅托納總統出逃，超過20萬名蘇聯紅軍進入立陶宛境內<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a>，隔天蘇聯又向愛沙尼亞與拉脫維亞提出最後通牒，將波羅的海三國<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%8D%A0%E9%A2%86%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6_(1940%E5%B9%B4)" title="苏联占领波罗的海国家 (1940年)">完全佔領</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuanian_rebels_(Lithuanian_Activist_Front)_lead_the_disarmed_soldiers_of_the_Red_Army_during_the_June_Uprising,_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lithuanian_rebels_%28Lithuanian_Activist_Front%29_lead_the_disarmed_soldiers_of_the_Red_Army_during_the_June_Uprising%2C_1941.jpg/220px-Lithuanian_rebels_%28Lithuanian_Activist_Front%29_lead_the_disarmed_soldiers_of_the_Red_Army_during_the_June_Uprising%2C_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lithuanian_rebels_%28Lithuanian_Activist_Front%29_lead_the_disarmed_soldiers_of_the_Red_Army_during_the_June_Uprising%2C_1941.jpg/330px-Lithuanian_rebels_%28Lithuanian_Activist_Front%29_lead_the_disarmed_soldiers_of_the_Red_Army_during_the_June_Uprising%2C_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lithuanian_rebels_%28Lithuanian_Activist_Front%29_lead_the_disarmed_soldiers_of_the_Red_Army_during_the_June_Uprising%2C_1941.jpg/440px-Lithuanian_rebels_%28Lithuanian_Activist_Front%29_lead_the_disarmed_soldiers_of_the_Red_Army_during_the_June_Uprising%2C_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="634" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8%E5%89%8D%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛行动前线（页面不存在）">立陶宛行动前线</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Activist_Front" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian Activist Front">Lithuanian Activist Front</a>）發動<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%88%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" title="立陶宛六月起義">六月起義</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%8D%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%BA%E4%BD%90%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="弗拉基米尔·格奥尔吉耶维奇·捷卡诺佐夫">弗拉基米尔·格奥尔吉耶维奇·捷卡诺佐夫</a>被派往立陶宛監督傀儡政府<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛人民政府（页面不存在）">立陶宛人民政府</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Government_of_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:People's Government of Lithuania">People's Government of Lithuania</a>）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛人民議會（页面不存在）">人民議會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Seimas" class="extiw" title="en:People's Seimas">People's Seimas</a>）成立與選舉，7月21日<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國">立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國</a>成立，並於8月3日加入蘇聯，隨後立陶宛被快速的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%9A%84%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波羅的海國家的蘇維埃化（页面不存在）">蘇維埃化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovietization_of_the_Baltic_states" class="extiw" title="en:Sovietization of the Baltic states">Sovietization of the Baltic states</a>），除<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="立陶宛共产党">立陶宛共產黨</a>外的政黨與許多組織都被宣布非法，約12000人被逮捕後送往<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC" title="古拉格">古拉格</a>關押，大量私人財產被充公，貨幣也改為<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%A7%E5%B8%83" title="蘇聯盧布">蘇聯盧布</a>，糧稅大幅上升，立陶宛軍隊則被改編為蘇聯紅軍<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC29%E6%AD%A5%E5%85%B5%E8%BB%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第29步兵軍（页面不存在）">第29步兵軍</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/29th_Rifle_Corps" class="extiw" title="en:29th Rifle Corps">29th Rifle Corps</a>）<a href="#cite_note-ArmyDestruction-93">[93]</a>。1941年6月14日至18日（納粹德國進攻前一週）有約17000名立陶宛人被流放至<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西伯利亞">西伯利亞</a>，其中許多因不人道的環境而死亡，史稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%88%E9%81%A3%E9%80%81" title="六月遣送">六月遣送</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a>。6月22日納粹德國<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E7%BE%85%E8%96%A9%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="巴巴羅薩行動">進攻蘇聯</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8%E5%89%8D%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛行动前线（页面不存在）">立陶宛行动前线</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Activist_Front" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian Activist Front">Lithuanian Activist Front</a>）發動<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%88%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" title="立陶宛六月起義">六月起義</a>，建立<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%87%A8%E6%99%82%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="立陶宛臨時政府">臨時政府</a>，但德國<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98%E8%BB%8D" title="北方集團軍">北方集團軍</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%B2%BB%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="納粹德國治下的立陶宛（页面不存在）">佔領立陶宛</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_occupation_of_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:German occupation of Lithuania during World War II">German occupation of Lithuania during World War II</a>）後臨時政府即瓦解<a href="#cite_note-mi47-96">[96]</a>，立陶宛被併入德國的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3%E8%BD%84%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="奧斯蘭總督轄區">奥斯蘭總督轄區</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ponar_Forest_Memorial.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ponar_Forest_Memorial.JPG/220px-Ponar_Forest_Memorial.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ponar_Forest_Memorial.JPG/330px-Ponar_Forest_Memorial.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ponar_Forest_Memorial.JPG/440px-Ponar_Forest_Memorial.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%B4%8D%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="波納里大屠殺">波納里大屠殺</a>遺址，受害者多达10万人，多为犹太人、波兰人和俄罗斯人，执行者则为纳粹德国<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%9A%E5%8D%AB%E5%86%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="党卫军">党卫军</a>和立陶宛合作者</figcaption></figure> 納粹德國在立陶宛展開<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="立陶宛猶太人大屠殺">猶太人大屠殺</a>，將猶太人送往集中營中屠殺<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a>，6月25日<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E9%81%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E9%A6%AC%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF" title="阿爾吉爾達斯·克利馬蒂斯">阿爾吉爾達斯·克利馬蒂斯</a>即在黨衛軍監督下發起了<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82" class="mw-redirect" title="考納斯反猶騷亂">考納斯反猶騷亂</a>，殺害大量猶太人<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a>，1941年12月已有超過12萬名<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="立陶宛猶太人">立陶宛猶太人</a>遇害，納粹佔領期間共有91%至95%的猶太人被屠殺<a href="#cite_note-PBBG-102">[102]</a>:110，其中近十萬人死於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%B4%8D%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="波納里大屠殺">波納里大屠殺</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a>。許多立陶宛人冒生命危險保護猶太人<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a>，截至2018年1月<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>政府已向893名立陶宛人頒授<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA" title="國際義人">國際義人</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a>；但也有約13000名立陶宛人加入了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%BC%94%E5%8A%A9%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E7%87%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛輔助警察營（页面不存在）">立陶宛輔助警察營</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Auxiliary_Police_Battalions" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions">Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions</a>），其中許多與納粹<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%9A%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F%E5%88%AB%E5%8A%A8%E6%94%AF%E9%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="党卫队别动支队（页面不存在）">党卫队别动支队</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsatzkommando" class="extiw" title="en:Einsatzkommando">Einsatzkommando</a>）一起屠殺猶太人<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a>，另外也有<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F" title="立陶宛安全警察">立陶宛安全警察</a>與黨衛軍和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F_(%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD)" title="安全警察 (纳粹德国)">納粹安全警察</a>合作，鎮壓猶太人、波蘭反抗軍與地下共產黨<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a>。 二战对立陶宛的经济造成了巨大冲击。据苏联方面记载，德国占领期间至少有21个村庄被摧毁，56个发电站在德军撤退时停止了工作，1140多座桥梁被毁，工业区和基础设施的严重损毁使得本就疲弱的经济雪上加霜。<a href="#cite_note-:0-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="第二次俄佔時期">第二次俄佔時期</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：第二次俄佔時期">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naujoji_Vilnia_train_station_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Naujoji_Vilnia_train_station_4.JPG/220px-Naujoji_Vilnia_train_station_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Naujoji_Vilnia_train_station_4.JPG/330px-Naujoji_Vilnia_train_station_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Naujoji_Vilnia_train_station_4.JPG/440px-Naujoji_Vilnia_train_station_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3104" data-file-height="1746" /></a><figcaption>維爾紐斯東郊<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E7%B6%AD%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新維尼亞（页面不存在）">新維尼亞</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naujoji_Vilnia" class="extiw" title="en:Naujoji Vilnia">Naujoji Vilnia</a>）的火車站，其設計為紀念<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BA%BA%E5%BC%BA%E5%88%B6%E6%B5%81%E9%85%8D" title="苏联立陶宛人强制流配">蘇聯立陶宛人強制流配</a>的歷史</figcaption></figure> 1944年德軍撤退後蘇軍再次<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6_(1944%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯佔領波羅的海國家 (1944年)（页面不存在）">佔領</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1944)" class="extiw" title="en:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944)">Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944)</a>）波羅的海三國，繼續將大量政治犯流放至西伯利亞，直到1953年<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E9%81%94%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="史達林">史達林</a>逝世後方止，立陶宛共產黨領導人<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A1%94%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B0%A4%E5%A5%A5%E4%BD%90%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%B6%85%E5%A5%87%E5%BA%93%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="安塔纳斯·尤奥佐维奇·斯涅奇库斯">安塔納斯·尤奧佐維奇·斯涅奇庫斯</a>（1940年至1974年擔任領導人）從旁協助逮捕與流放的行動<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a>。蘇聯試圖將立陶宛融入其社會，禁止一切立陶宛國家象徵，立陶宛的反抗勢力則組成<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%B8%B8%E5%87%BB%E9%98%9F" title="立陶宛游击队">游擊隊</a>對抗蘇聯，共有約5萬人參加<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a>，自1944年活躍至1953年，試圖重建獨立的立陶宛國，甚至大量的天主教神职人员也积极为抵抗战士提供庇护和援助，反苏抵抗运动的核心力量是1944年建立的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%98%B2%E5%8D%AB%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛防卫力量（页面不存在）">立陶宛防卫力量</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Territorial_Defense_Force" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force">Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force</a>）（LVR），该组织在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BB%B4%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E8%8E%B1%E6%9F%A5%E7%BB%B4%E4%B8%98%E6%96%AF" title="波维拉斯·普莱查维丘斯">波维拉斯·普莱恰维丘斯</a>将军领导下由德国人建立，在这位领导者于同年5月因反对德国军方被捕后，LVR的成员遵循他最后的命令分散成小组前往乡下继续活动，将游击队扩散到整个立陶宛，强烈的民族主义倾向使他们同时与德国占领军和苏联军队为敌<a href="#cite_note-:0-108">[108]</a>。到了1949年，全立陶宛的各个游击组织進一步联合并組建了<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%88%98%E5%A3%AB%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="立陶宛自由战士联盟">立陶宛自由戰士聯盟</a>，其領導人<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%86%B1%E6%A2%85%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="約納斯·熱梅蒂斯">約納斯·熱梅蒂斯</a>於2009年被追認為立陶宛總統<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a>。游擊隊未能成功抵抗蘇聯的統治，但展現了立陶宛非自願加入蘇聯、追求獨立的意志<a href="#cite_note-küng1999-114">[114]</a>。事後<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="欧洲人权法院">歐洲人權法院</a>與立陶宛法院均判決蘇聯鎮壓立陶宛游擊隊的行動為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95" class="mw-redirect" title="種族滅絕">種族滅絕</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1989_08_23_Baltijoskelias14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/1989_08_23_Baltijoskelias14.jpg/220px-1989_08_23_Baltijoskelias14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/1989_08_23_Baltijoskelias14.jpg/330px-1989_08_23_Baltijoskelias14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/1989_08_23_Baltijoskelias14.jpg/440px-1989_08_23_Baltijoskelias14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2196" data-file-height="1464" /></a><figcaption>大規模的反蘇示威<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="波羅的海之路">波羅的海之路</a>，波羅的海三國有約25%的人口參與</figcaption></figure> 游擊隊被鎮壓後，立陶宛仍有地下反抗勢力散發出版報刊與天主教書籍，活躍成員包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincentas_Sladkevi%C4%8Dius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincentas Sladkevičius（页面不存在）">Vincentas Sladkevičius</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincentas_Sladkevi%C4%8Dius" class="extiw" title="en:Vincentas Sladkevičius">Vincentas Sladkevičius</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%90%89%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B%E7%B6%AD%E4%BC%91%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西吉塔斯·坦克維休斯（页面不存在）">西吉塔斯·坦克維休斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigitas_Tamkevi%C4%8Dius" class="extiw" title="en:Sigitas Tamkevičius">Sigitas Tamkevičius</a>）與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%AE%E6%9C%88%E8%95%BE%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E6%9D%9C%E5%A5%88%E7%89%B9" title="妮月蕾·萨杜奈特">妮月蕾·萨杜奈特</a>等。1972年時年19歲的學生<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%98%AD%E5%A1%94" title="羅馬斯·卡蘭塔">羅馬斯·卡蘭塔</a>在考那斯<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%9A" title="自焚">自焚</a>以抗議蘇聯統治，造成考那斯數日騷亂<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_rally_in_Lithuania_commemorate_and_condemn_the_Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact,_August_23,_1988,_Vilnius,_Vingis_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/A_rally_in_Lithuania_commemorate_and_condemn_the_Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact%2C_August_23%2C_1988%2C_Vilnius%2C_Vingis_Park.jpg/220px-A_rally_in_Lithuania_commemorate_and_condemn_the_Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact%2C_August_23%2C_1988%2C_Vilnius%2C_Vingis_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/A_rally_in_Lithuania_commemorate_and_condemn_the_Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact%2C_August_23%2C_1988%2C_Vilnius%2C_Vingis_Park.jpg/330px-A_rally_in_Lithuania_commemorate_and_condemn_the_Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact%2C_August_23%2C_1988%2C_Vilnius%2C_Vingis_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/A_rally_in_Lithuania_commemorate_and_condemn_the_Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact%2C_August_23%2C_1988%2C_Vilnius%2C_Vingis_Park.jpg/440px-A_rally_in_Lithuania_commemorate_and_condemn_the_Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact%2C_August_23%2C_1988%2C_Vilnius%2C_Vingis_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3412" /></a><figcaption>1988年8月23日維爾紐斯<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%AB%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溫吉斯公園（页面不存在）">溫吉斯公園</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vingis_Park" class="extiw" title="en:Vingis Park">Vingis Park</a>）的一場反蘇集會，有約25萬人參加</figcaption></figure> 1976年反蘇人士建立了<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%B5%AB%E7%88%BE%E8%BE%9B%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84" title="立陶宛赫爾辛基小組">立陶宛赫爾辛基小組</a>，透過外國電台宣布立陶宛獨立<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a>，向西方國家宣傳蘇聯治下的立陶宛人權受到侵害的情形，隨著蘇聯推行<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="開放政策">開放政策</a>，立陶宛獨立運動組織<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%A4%E5%AD%A3%E6%96%AF" title="萨尤季斯">薩尤季斯</a>於1988年6月3日成立，以追求立陶宛獨立為宗旨<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E9%99%B6%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%8C%A8%E8%B4%9D%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF" title="维陶塔斯·兰茨贝吉斯">维陶塔斯·兰茨贝吉斯</a>（日後擔任立陶宛國會的首任議長）為其領導人<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a>，在全國各地獲廣泛支持，1988年8月23日在維爾紐斯<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%AB%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溫吉斯公園（页面不存在）">溫吉斯公園</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vingis_Park" class="extiw" title="en:Vingis Park">Vingis Park</a>）舉辦的一場反蘇集會即有約25萬人參加<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a>。1989年8月23日，為紀念<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%87%E4%BA%92%E4%B8%8D%E4%BE%B5%E7%8A%AF%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="德蘇互不侵犯條約">德蘇互不侵犯條約</a>簽訂50週年，使全世界關注波羅的海國家被佔領的情形，立陶宛與愛沙尼亞、拉脫維亞發起大規模的反蘇示威<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="波羅的海之路">波羅的海之路</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a>，薩尤季斯為組織者之一，共有200萬人手牽手組成一個長度超過675公里的人鏈，穿越波羅的海三國<a href="#cite_note-PuurKlesment2019-122">[122]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國">立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國">编辑</a>]</div> 立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛語">立陶宛語</a>：Lietuvos Tarybų Socialistinė Respublika，俄語：Литовская Советская Социалистическая Республика），<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">蘇聯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%9B%9F%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯加盟共和國">加盟共和國</a>，簡稱<a class="mw-selflink selflink">立陶宛</a>或蘇維埃立陶宛，是1940年至1941年以及1944年至1990年間蘇聯的加盟共和國之一。在1946年之後除了與白俄羅斯之間的邊界略有調整以外，其疆域及國界與今天的立陶宛相同。 立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國持續了四十五年。因此，許多西方國家當時承認立陶宛是一個獨立的、法律上的主權國家，受國際法約束，以1940年前波羅的海國家任命的使館為代表，這些使館通過立陶宛外交服務在各地發揮作用。 1989年5月18日，立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國宣佈自己是一個主權國家，但仍是蘇聯的一部分。1990年3月11日，立陶宛共和國重新建立獨立國家。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="恢復獨立至今">恢復獨立至今</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：恢復獨立至今">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:367px;max-width:367px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:365px;max-width:365px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:515px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990-03-11.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990-03-11.png/363px-Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990-03-11.png" decoding="async" width="363" height="515" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990-03-11.png/545px-Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990-03-11.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990-03-11.png/726px-Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990-03-11.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1136" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left/right/center">1990年3月11日，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛最高委員會（页面不存在）">立陶宛最高委員會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Council_%E2%80%93_Reconstituent_Seimas" class="extiw" title="en:Supreme Council – Reconstituent Seimas">Supreme Council – Reconstituent Seimas</a>）宣布立陶宛恢復獨立<a href="#cite_note-Bell2002-123">[123]</a>，為第一個自蘇聯宣布獨立的共和國</div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg/220px-January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg/330px-January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg/440px-January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="立陶宛一月事件">立陶宛一月事件</a>中阻擋蘇聯坦克的立陶宛人<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></figcaption></figure> 1990年3月11日，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛最高委員會（页面不存在）">立陶宛最高委員會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Council_%E2%80%93_Reconstituent_Seimas" class="extiw" title="en:Supreme Council – Reconstituent Seimas">Supreme Council – Reconstituent Seimas</a>）簽署<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%BE%A9%E5%9C%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="立陶宛復國法案">立陶宛復國法案</a>宣布立陶宛恢復独立，為第一個自蘇聯宣布獨立的共和國，4月22日蘇聯宣布對立陶宛<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%9A%84%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%B0%81%E9%8E%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯對立陶宛的經濟封鎖（页面不存在）">實行經濟封鎖</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_economic_blockade_of_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania">Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania</a>），停止向立陶宛供應石油等原物料<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a>，隔年1月蘇聯試圖策劃兵變推翻新獨立的立陶宛政府，莫斯科當局認為立陶宛經濟情況不佳，當地人應會強烈支持政變<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a>，便派遣軍隊進攻維爾紐斯政府大樓，是為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="立陶宛一月事件">立陶宛一月事件</a>，但立陶宛人多支持獨立的政府，故政變未能成功，蘇聯在國際壓力下被迫撤軍<a href="#cite_note-bbc-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a>。1月31日蘇軍在立陶宛與白俄羅斯的邊境攻擊立陶宛邊檢人員，造成7人死亡（<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94%E6%A9%9F%E5%8B%95%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D%E8%A5%B2%E6%93%8A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%82%8A%E5%A2%83%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E7%AB%99%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6#梅迪尼恩凱襲擊事件" title="蘇聯特別用途機動單位襲擊立陶宛邊境檢察站事件">梅迪尼恩凱襲擊事件</a>）<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a>。 1991年2月11日<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="冰岛议会">冰島議會</a>決議指冰島政府1922年對立陶宛獨立的承認仍有效，且從未正式承認蘇聯佔有立陶宛<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> ，兩國應盡快恢復外交關係<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a>。1991年9月6日苏联才承认其独立。9月17日立陶宛加入<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>。1992年10月25日立陶宛公投制定現行憲法，1993年2月14日全民直選選出<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E8%97%BB%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF" title="阿尔吉尔达斯·布拉藻斯卡斯">阿尔吉尔达斯·布拉藻斯卡斯</a>為首任<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛總統">立陶宛總統</a>，同年8月31日<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯聯邦軍隊">俄羅斯軍隊</a>全數撤離立陶宛<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a>；2001年5月31日立陶宛加入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="世界貿易組織">世界貿易組織</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a>；2004年3月29日加入<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="北大西洋公約組織">北大西洋公約組織</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a>，同年5月1日正式加入<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟">欧盟</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a>；2007年12月21日加入<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B3%E6%A0%B9%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="申根公約">申根公約</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a>；2015年1月1日加入<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%85%83%E5%8C%BA" title="欧元区">歐元區</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a>；2018年7月4日加入<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E6%9A%A8%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟合作暨發展組織">經濟合作暨發展組織</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a>。 2009年<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%88%A9%E5%A8%85%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E5%87%AF%E7%89%B9" title="达利娅·格里包斯凯特">達利婭·格里包斯凱特</a>當選總統，為立陶宛第一任女總統，2014年成功連任<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理">地理</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：地理">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="立陶宛地理">立陶宛地理</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LithuaniaPhysicalMap-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/LithuaniaPhysicalMap-en.png/350px-LithuaniaPhysicalMap-en.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/LithuaniaPhysicalMap-en.png/525px-LithuaniaPhysicalMap-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/LithuaniaPhysicalMap-en.png/700px-LithuaniaPhysicalMap-en.png 2x" data-file-width="2361" data-file-height="1653" /></a><figcaption>立陶宛地形圖</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuania_Centre_of_Europe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Lithuania_Centre_of_Europe.jpg/220px-Lithuania_Centre_of_Europe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Lithuania_Centre_of_Europe.jpg/330px-Lithuania_Centre_of_Europe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Lithuania_Centre_of_Europe.jpg/440px-Lithuania_Centre_of_Europe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>歐洲地理重心紀念碑</figcaption></figure> 立陶宛地處<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7" title="波罗的海">波罗的海</a>东岸，全國面积約為65,200平方公里<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a>，緯度介於北緯<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E7%B7%AF53%E5%BA%A6%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北緯53度線（页面不存在）">53°</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/53rd_parallel_north" class="extiw" title="en:53rd parallel north">53rd parallel north</a>）至<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E7%B7%AF57%E5%BA%A6%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北緯57度線（页面不存在）">57°</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/57rd_parallel_north" class="extiw" title="en:57rd parallel north">57rd parallel north</a>）之間，經度大致介於東經<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E7%B6%9321%E5%BA%A6%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東經21度線（页面不存在）">21°</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21st_meridian_east" class="extiw" title="en:21st meridian east">21st meridian east</a>）至<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E7%B6%9327%E5%BA%A6%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東經27度線（页面不存在）">27°</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/27st_meridian_east" class="extiw" title="en:27st meridian east">27st meridian east</a>）之間（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%99%E5%98%B4" title="庫爾斯沙嘴">庫爾斯沙嘴</a>有一部份在東經21°以西）。海岸線中僅有北側一部份直面波羅的海，其餘則緊鄰<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%BD%9F%E6%B9%96" title="庫爾斯潟湖">庫爾斯潟湖</a>，與波羅的海間被庫爾斯沙嘴分隔<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a>（庫爾斯潟湖往南延伸至俄羅斯的加里寧格勒<a href="#cite_note-Inc.2019-143">[143]</a>），主要的不凍港<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="克萊佩達">克萊佩達</a>即位於庫爾斯潟湖與波羅的海交接的出口處<a href="#cite_note-Inc.2019-143">[143]</a>。 立陶宛与鄰國<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫维亚</a>邊界約610公里、與<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a>邊界約724公里、與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>邊界約110公里、與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="俄国">俄国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E5%B7%9E" title="加里宁格勒州">加里宁格勒州</a>邊界約303公里。1989年，法國<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%9A%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="国家地理林业信息研究所">國家地理林業信息研究所</a>的研究人員量測歐洲大陸的邊界，認定<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲的地理中心（页面不存在）">歐洲的地理重心</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_midpoint_of_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Geographical midpoint of Europe">Geographical midpoint of Europe</a>）位於立陶宛首都維爾紐斯北方約26公里處（<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&params=54_54_N_25_19_E_type:landmark&title=Purnu%C5%A1k%C4%97s+%28centre+of+gravity%29">54°54′N 25°19′E / 54.900°N 25.317°E / 54.900; 25.317 (Purnuškės (centre of gravity))</a>）<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a>。 立陶宛屬<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%80%A7%E6%B9%BF%E6%B6%A6%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带大陆性湿润气候">溫帶大陸性濕潤氣候</a>，各月氣溫與降雨量變化如下： <div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height: 1.2em; margin:;"> <caption>立陶宛 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row">月份 </th> <th scope="col">1月 </th> <th scope="col">2月 </th> <th scope="col">3月 </th> <th scope="col">4月 </th> <th scope="col">5月 </th> <th scope="col">6月 </th> <th scope="col">7月 </th> <th scope="col">8月 </th> <th scope="col">9月 </th> <th scope="col">10月 </th> <th scope="col">11月 </th> <th scope="col">12月 </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">全年 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">历史最高温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 (54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8 (71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0 (87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0 (93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7 (96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5 (99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.1 (98.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1 (95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0 (78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5 (65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.5 (99.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均高温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7 (28.9) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.3 (29.7) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 (36.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 (48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9 (67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9 (69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8 (60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 (49.8) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 (38.3) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1 (31.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.5 (49.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">日均气温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.9 (25.0) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5 (25.7) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1 (31.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 (41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 (52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2 (59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 (61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 (35.2) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7 (28.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.2 (43.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均低温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.3 (20.7) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.6 (20.1) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8 (27.0) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 (34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 (53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 (46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 (39.2) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (32.2) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.7 (25.3) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.7 (36.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">历史最低温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #0B0BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−40.6 (−41.1) </td> <td style="background: #0000FE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−42.9 (−45.2) </td> <td style="background: #1C1CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−37.5 (−35.5) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−23.0 (−9.4) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.8 (19.8) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8 (27.0) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 (33.6) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.9 (26.8) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.3 (20.7) </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.5 (−3.1) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−23.0 (−9.4) </td> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−34.0 (−29.2) </td> <td style="background: #0000FE; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−42.9 (−45.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4%E9%87%8F" title="降水量">降水量</a> mm（英寸） </th> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2 (1.43) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1 (1.19) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9 (1.33) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.9 (1.69) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.0 (2.05) </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.0 (2.72) </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.9 (3.03) </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.0 (3.03) </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3 (2.37) </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.9 (1.96) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.4 (1.98) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.0 (1.85) </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">625.5 (24.63) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">数据来源1：Records of Lithuanian climate<a href="#cite_note-meteolt-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">数据来源2：Weatherbase<a href="#cite_note-weatherbase-147">[147]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="環境">環境</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：環境">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:%C5%BDadvaini%C5%B3_e%C5%BEeras.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%C5%BDadvaini%C5%B3_e%C5%BEeras.jpg/200px-%C5%BDadvaini%C5%B3_e%C5%BEeras.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%C5%BDadvaini%C5%B3_e%C5%BEeras.jpg/300px-%C5%BDadvaini%C5%B3_e%C5%BEeras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%C5%BDadvaini%C5%B3_e%C5%BEeras.jpg/400px-%C5%BDadvaini%C5%B3_e%C5%BEeras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">立陶宛典型的地貌，包括低地、湖泊、沼澤與森林</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Nida_sand_dunes_(14573723178).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg/200px-Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg/300px-Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg/400px-Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="2315" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">庫爾斯沙嘴上的沙丘，為歐洲最大的流動沙丘，被<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國教科文組織">聯合國教科文組織</a>列入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="世界遺產">世界遺產</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></div></div></div></div></div> 立陶宛位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BE%B7%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="北德平原">北德平原</a>邊緣，地形平坦，沒有高山，西部與東部有一些<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%A2%9B" title="冰碛">冰磧</a>丘陵，皆不高於300公尺，最高峰為靠近東南部邊界的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%BA%AB%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E9%9B%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="奧庫斯托雅斯山">奧庫斯托雅斯山</a>，標高約294公尺<a href="#cite_note-Inc.2019-143">[143]</a>；地貌包括草地、麥田與森林等，另外有許多<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E5%A0%A1" title="丘堡">丘堡</a>古時有城牆防守，為多神信仰時期向眾神獻奉供品的祭壇<a href="#cite_note-gamta-149">[149]</a>。全國有超過3000個大小<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛湖泊列表（页面不存在）">湖泊</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:List of lakes of Lithuania">List of lakes of Lithuania</a>），大多位於東北部，佔全國面積共約1.5%，最大者為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E9%AD%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%8F%E4%BE%9D%E6%B9%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德魯克夏依湖（页面不存在）">德魯克夏依湖</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%ABk%C5%A1iai" class="extiw" title="en:Drūkšiai">Drūkšiai</a>）；此外境內也有許多河流流經，其中最长的為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%9B%BC%E6%B2%B3_(%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7)" title="尼曼河 (东欧)">尼曼河</a>，具重要航運價值<a href="#cite_note-Inc.2019-143">[143]</a>；全國約有28%土地為混合林<a href="#cite_note-Inc.2019-143">[143]</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%9E%97" title="中歐混合林">中歐混合林</a>與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E9%A6%AC%E7%89%B9%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩爾馬特混合林（页面不存在）">薩爾馬特混合林</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarmatic_mixed_forests" class="extiw" title="en:Sarmatic mixed forests">Sarmatic mixed forests</a>）<a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-150">[150]</a>），<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%9A" title="林业">林業</a>占全國產值的11%<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a>。立陶宛現有5座<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="國家公園">國家公園</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%BD%E6%B3%B0%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" class="mw-redirect" title="奧克施泰提亞國家公園">奧克施泰提亞國家公園</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="祖基亞國家公園">祖基亞國家公園</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%99%E5%98%B4%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="庫爾斯沙嘴國家公園">庫爾斯沙嘴國家公園</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%87%B1%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="特拉凱歷史國家公園">特拉凱歷史國家公園</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%8E%AB%E5%90%89%E5%B8%8C%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" class="mw-redirect" title="薩莫吉希亞國家公園">薩莫吉希亞國家公園</a>）<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a>、30座<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地區公園（页面不存在）">地區公園</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_park" class="extiw" title="en:Regional park">Regional park</a>）<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a>、402座<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="自然保護區">自然保護區</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a>與668個受國家保護的自然遺產<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a>。 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://25mposlot.com/">qiuqiu99</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211223203938/http://25mposlot.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sahabat-qq.25mposlot.com/">sahabatqq</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20230124174618/http://sahabat-qq.25mposlot.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）立陶宛獨立後，於1992年通過環境保護法（Aplinkos apsaugos įstatymas），規範個人（含<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA" title="法人">法人</a>）對環境資源的使用，以保護國內的生物多樣性、生態系統與地貌<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a>。立陶宛與其他歐盟成員國皆同意在2020年將<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%AE%A4%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="溫室氣體排放">碳排放</a>減低至1990年的80%以下，將<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可再生能源">可再生能源</a>占比提升至20%以上，並在2030年將碳排放進一步減低至1990年的60%以下，將可再生能源佔比提升至27%以上<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a>。2016年立陶宛通過<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%B2%E6%96%99%E7%93%B6%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="飲料瓶回收法（页面不存在）">飲料瓶回收法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/container_deposit_legislation" class="extiw" title="en:container deposit legislation">container deposit legislation</a>），隔年成功回收了該年度92%的飲料瓶罐<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a>。 2018年立陶宛在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E9%81%B7%E7%B8%BE%E6%95%88%E6%8C%87%E6%A8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣候變遷績效指標（页面不存在）">氣候變遷績效指標</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Change_Performance_Index" class="extiw" title="en:Climate Change Performance Index">Climate Change Performance Index</a>）的排名僅次於<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a>；2019年立陶宛的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%82%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E6%80%A7%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="森林景观完整性指数（页面不存在）">森林景观完整性指数</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" class="extiw" title="en:Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a>）在172國中排名第162<a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-160">[160]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="動植物">動植物</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：動植物">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_Stork-Mindaugas_Urbonas-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/White_Stork-Mindaugas_Urbonas-1.jpg/220px-White_Stork-Mindaugas_Urbonas-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/White_Stork-Mindaugas_Urbonas-1.jpg/330px-White_Stork-Mindaugas_Urbonas-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/White_Stork-Mindaugas_Urbonas-1.jpg/440px-White_Stork-Mindaugas_Urbonas-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%B9%B3" title="白鹳">白鸛</a>是立陶宛的國鳥<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a>，其族群密度是歐洲最高的 <a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛瀕危物種列表（页面不存在）">立陶宛紅寶書</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_extinct_and_endangered_species_of_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:List of extinct and endangered species of Lithuania">List of extinct and endangered species of Lithuania</a>）中列出了800多個物種，有約18.9%的植物、1.87%的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C" title="真菌">真菌</a>、31%的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A3" title="地衣">地衣</a>、8%的魚類瀕臨絕種<a href="#cite_note-cbd-163">[163]</a>。隨著狩獵規範的制定，野生動物的族群有回升趨勢，兔子估計有約20萬隻，最常見的大型野生動物為<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E7%8B%8D" title="西方狍">西方狍</a>，全國估計有12萬隻，另外還有<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E8%B1%AC" title="野豬">野豬</a>（估計55000隻）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%90%E7%8B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="狐狸">狐狸</a>（估計27000隻）、鹿（估計22000隻）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%87%E9%B9%BF" title="黇鹿">黇鹿</a>（估計21000隻）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%9D%E9%B9%BF" title="駝鹿">駝鹿</a>（估計7000隻，為最大型的野生動物）、狼（估計僅有800隻）與<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%9E%E7%8C%9E%E7%8C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="歐亞猞猁">歐亞猞猁</a>（估計僅200隻）<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="行政区划">行政区划</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：行政区划">编辑</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lietuvos_apskritys-zh.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lietuvos_apskritys-zh.png/450px-Lietuvos_apskritys-zh.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lietuvos_apskritys-zh.png/675px-Lietuvos_apskritys-zh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lietuvos_apskritys-zh.png/900px-Lietuvos_apskritys-zh.png 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="1083" /></a><figcaption>立陶宛的十个县份及县治</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛行政区划">立陶宛行政區劃</a></div> 立陶宛现行的行政区划系统建立于1994年，并于2000年加以修订以达到欧盟的规定。全國划分为10个<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%B8%A3%E4%BB%BD" title="立陶宛縣份">县</a>，下分60個<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE" title="立陶宛市鎮">市镇</a>，並可再細分成546個<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%95%BF%E8%80%81%E5%8C%BA" title="立陶宛长老区">长老区</a>。 自2010年立陶宛的縣长体系废置后，市镇成為最重要的行政區劃層級<a href="#cite_note-county-165">[165]</a>。一些市镇在历史上称为“地区市镇”，另一些则为“城市市镇”，每个市镇都有自己的民选政府。以前市镇议会每三年选举一次，但现今改为每四年选举一次。自2015年起市镇的长官是直选出来的，之前则是由市镇议会来任命的<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a>。 数量为546个的长老区是最基层的行政划分单位，但在国内政治中的重要性不大。市镇议会任命长老来管理长老区，负责最基本的本地公众服务，例如在乡村地区进行人口出生和死亡登记。长老区在社保方面起着更积极的作用，鉴定需要受救的个人或家庭，以及发放社会福利和其他救济形式<a href="#cite_note-elderates-167">[167]</a>。有些人觉得长老区并无实际的权力且不受关注，认为其实长老区可以启动本地倡议来解决乡村社会问题<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a>。 <table class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:170px;">縣</th> <th style="width:70px;">面積（km2）</th> <th style="width:50px;">人口 （千人） (2019年)<a href="#cite_note-Counties-169">[169]</a></th> <th style="width:50px;">名義GDP（十億歐元）<a href="#cite_note-Counties-169">[169]</a></th> <th style="width:50px;">人均GDP（歐元）<a href="#cite_note-Counties-169">[169]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3" title="阿利圖斯縣">阿利圖斯縣</a> </td> <td>5,425 </td> <td>134 </td> <td>1.4 </td> <td>10,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3" title="考那斯縣">考那斯縣</a> </td> <td>8,089 </td> <td>562 </td> <td>10.0 </td> <td>17,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94%E7%B8%A3" title="克萊佩達縣">克萊佩達縣</a> </td> <td>5,209 </td> <td>319 </td> <td>5.3 </td> <td>16,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E6%8F%9A%E6%B3%8A%E5%88%97%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="馬里揚泊列縣">馬里揚泊列縣</a> </td> <td>4,463 </td> <td>136 </td> <td>1.4 </td> <td>10,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%85%A7%E9%9F%8B%E6%97%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3" title="帕內韋日斯縣">帕內韋日斯縣</a> </td> <td>7,881 </td> <td>221 </td> <td>2.7 </td> <td>12,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%89%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="希奧利艾縣">希奧利艾縣</a> </td> <td>8,540 </td> <td>261 </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td>13,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="陶拉格縣">陶拉格縣</a> </td> <td>4,411 </td> <td>91 </td> <td>0.9 </td> <td>9,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%8C%E8%89%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="特爾希艾縣">特爾希艾縣</a> </td> <td>4,350 </td> <td>130 </td> <td>1.6 </td> <td>12,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%94%B0%E7%B4%8D%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="烏田納縣">烏田納縣</a> </td> <td>7,201 </td> <td>124 </td> <td>1.3 </td> <td>10,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3" title="維爾紐斯縣">維爾紐斯縣</a> </td> <td>9,731 </td> <td>820 </td> <td>20.7 </td> <td>25,400 </td></tr> <tr> <th>立陶宛 </th> <th>65,300 </th> <th>2,828 </th> <th>48.8 </th> <th>17,500 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政治">政治</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：政治">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="立陶宛政治">立陶宛政治</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="政府">政府</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：政府">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:283px;max-width:283px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Gitanas_Nauseda_crop.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gitanas_Nauseda_crop.png/130px-Gitanas_Nauseda_crop.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gitanas_Nauseda_crop.png/195px-Gitanas_Nauseda_crop.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gitanas_Nauseda_crop.png/260px-Gitanas_Nauseda_crop.png 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="1337" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛總統">立陶宛總統</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%91%99%E5%A1%9E%E9%81%94" title="吉塔納斯·瑙塞達">吉塔納斯·瑙塞達</a> 2019年上任</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Ingrida_Simonyte_2019_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ingrida_Simonyte_2019_crop_2.jpg/145px-Ingrida_Simonyte_2019_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ingrida_Simonyte_2019_crop_2.jpg/218px-Ingrida_Simonyte_2019_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ingrida_Simonyte_2019_crop_2.jpg/290px-Ingrida_Simonyte_2019_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="1408" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛總理">立陶宛總理</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%A0%BC%E9%BA%97%E9%81%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%BC%E7%89%B9" title="因格麗達·希莫尼特">因格麗達·希莫尼特</a> 2020年上任</div></div></div></div></div> 立陶宛自獨立以來即為民主國家，於1992年10月25日舉行了<a href="/w/index.php?title=1992%E5%B9%B4%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992年立陶宛憲法公投（页面不存在）">憲法公投</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Lithuanian_constitutional_referendum" class="extiw" title="en:1992 Lithuanian constitutional referendum">1992 Lithuanian constitutional referendum</a>）制憲<a href="#cite_note-referenda-170">[170]</a>。當時對立陶宛的政制曾有一番討論<a href="#cite_note-referenda-170">[170]</a>，同年5月舉行的<a href="/w/index.php?title=1992%E5%B9%B4%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%B6%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992年立陶宛總統制公投（页面不存在）">總統制公投</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Lithuanian_presidency_referendum" class="extiw" title="en:1992 Lithuanian presidency referendum">1992 Lithuanian presidency referendum</a>）中有73%投票者支持採用總統制，但因投票率僅有59%，整體支持者未能超過50%而未獲通過<a href="#cite_note-DN-171">[171]</a>。最後立陶宛決定採用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="半总统制">半總統制</a><a href="#cite_note-Lina-4">[4]</a>，以<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛總統">總統</a>為國家元首，總統由全民直選產生，任期5年，最多可任兩屆，負責外交與國安事務，且為立陶宛軍隊<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4" title="總司令">總司令</a><a href="#cite_note-lrpf-172">[172]</a>，現任立陶宛總統為<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%91%99%E5%A1%9E%E9%81%94" title="吉塔納斯·瑙塞達">吉塔納斯·瑙塞達</a>，於<a href="/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B4%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="2019年立陶宛總統選舉">2019年大選</a>勝選後上任<a href="#cite_note-president2019-173">[173]</a>；<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛總理">總理</a>為政府首腦，經總統提名、國會同意後上任，總理可提名內閣各部部長與法官人選，經總統同意後上任<a href="#cite_note-lrpf-172">[172]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛國會">立陶宛國會</a>（Seimas）為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E9%99%A2%E5%88%B6" title="一院制">一院制</a>，共有141名國會議員，任期為4年，其中71名是由單一選區制選出，另外70名為各政黨提名後經<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%88%B6" title="比例代表制">比例代表制</a>選出，政黨需獲得至少5%選票才可分得比例代表制的議席<a href="#cite_note-Seimas-174">[174]</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛憲法法院（页面不存在）">立陶宛憲法法院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Constitutional Court of Lithuania">Constitutional Court of Lithuania</a>）（Konstitucinis Teismas）共有9名法官，任期為9年，總統、國會議長與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛最高法院（页面不存在）">最高法院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Supreme Court of Lithuania">Supreme Court of Lithuania</a>）院長分別提名三名憲法法院法官，經國會同意後任命<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="選舉">選舉</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：選舉">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Re-Establishment_of_Lithuania_commemoration_in_Seimas_(2015).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Re-Establishment_of_Lithuania_commemoration_in_Seimas_%282015%29.jpg/220px-Re-Establishment_of_Lithuania_commemoration_in_Seimas_%282015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Re-Establishment_of_Lithuania_commemoration_in_Seimas_%282015%29.jpg/330px-Re-Establishment_of_Lithuania_commemoration_in_Seimas_%282015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Re-Establishment_of_Lithuania_commemoration_in_Seimas_%282015%29.jpg/440px-Re-Establishment_of_Lithuania_commemoration_in_Seimas_%282015%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>2015年立陶宛總統、總理、議長與其他高級官員出席《<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%BE%A9%E5%9C%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="立陶宛復國法案">立陶宛復國法案</a>》簽署紀念儀式，儀式地點的議會舊址大樓即為1990年復國法案的簽署處</figcaption></figure> 立陶宛的政治形態為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%B6" title="多黨制">多黨制</a>，經常出現許多小黨共組的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="聯合政府">聯合政府</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a>，議會選舉每四年（十月的第二個星期日）舉行一次<a href="#cite_note-Seimas-174">[174]</a>，參選人需在投票日年滿25歲、永久居留於立陶宛且未有外國國籍<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a>。<a href="/wiki/2020%E5%B9%B4%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="2020年立陶宛議會選舉">2020年立陶宛議會選舉</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%EF%BC%8D%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="祖國聯盟－立陶宛基督教民主黨">祖國聯盟－立陶宛基督教民主黨</a>（TS-LKD）獲得相對多數，在議會141席中拿下50席<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a>，該黨提出的總理人選因格麗達·希莫尼特於10月上任，與另外兩個自由派小黨組成<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%96%93%E5%81%8F%E5%8F%B3" title="中間偏右">中間偏右</a>的聯合政府<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a>。立陶宛的總統選舉為每五年選舉一次<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-180">[180]</a>，參選人除滿足議員候選人的參選條件外，需於投票日年滿40歲並在立陶宛居住至少3年<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a>，無黨籍的吉塔納斯·瑙塞達於2019年當選總統<a href="#cite_note-president2019-173">[173]</a>。 地方選舉方面，<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE" title="立陶宛市鎮">立陶宛市鎮</a>議會的議員人數因市鎮大小而異，由15人（人口少於5000人的市鎮）至51人不等，以政黨比例代表制選出，2015年全國共選出1524名市鎮議員<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a>，市長則為民眾直選<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a>，本身也身兼市鎮議會的議員。2015年<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8" title="立陶宛社會民主黨">立陶宛社會民主黨</a>在市鎮議會選舉中勝選，贏得372席議員與16席市長<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a>；2019年該黨獲選15席市長與259席議員，比祖國聯盟－立陶宛基督教民主黨略少4席議員<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a>。 立陶宛是全世界最早授與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%83%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="女性參政權">女性投票權</a>的國家之一，1918年的憲法即規定女性享有投票權，隔年女性即在選舉中投票，相較之下美國（1919年）、法國（1945年）、希臘（1952年）與瑞士（1971年）的女性皆較晚才得以投票<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a>。 立陶宛在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲議會">歐洲議會</a>的705席議員中佔了11席<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a>，投票人需於投票日年滿18歲，參選人則需年滿21歲，兩者皆需為立陶宛公民或永久居留於立陶宛的歐盟其他國家公民<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019年歐洲議會立陶宛選舉（页面不存在）">2019年選舉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:2019 European Parliament election in Lithuania">2019 European Parliament election in Lithuania</a>）選出的11名議員分別來自6個不同政黨，且有一人為無黨籍<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="法治">法治</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：法治">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="立陶宛死刑制度">立陶宛死刑制度</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuanian_Police_A6_(2018).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lithuanian_Police_A6_%282018%29.jpg/220px-Lithuanian_Police_A6_%282018%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lithuanian_Police_A6_%282018%29.jpg/330px-Lithuanian_Police_A6_%282018%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lithuanian_Police_A6_%282018%29.jpg/440px-Lithuanian_Police_A6_%282018%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1367" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption>維爾紐斯街頭的警車</figcaption></figure> 現行<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="立陶宛宪法">立陶宛憲法</a>於1992年10月25日公投通過後實行<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a>，當時立陶宛剛獨立，暫時沿用經大幅修改過的蘇聯法律。2000年議會通過<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛民法（页面不存在）">立陶宛民法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Code_of_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Civil Code of Lithuania">Civil Code of Lithuania</a>），2003年又通過了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%88%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛刑法（页面不存在）">立陶宛刑法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_Code_of_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Criminal Code of Lithuania">Criminal Code of Lithuania</a>）與刑事訴訟法，刑事訴訟為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BE%E5%95%8F%E5%BC%8F%E8%A8%B4%E8%A8%9F" title="糾問式訴訟">糾問式</a><a href="#cite_note-Newman2010-191">[191]</a>。2004年5月1日<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="欧盟法律">歐盟法律</a>也成為立陶宛法律系統的一部份<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a>。 立陶宛甫獨立時曾面臨嚴重犯罪問題，不過近年已改善許多<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a>，犯罪率逐年下降<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a>，該國執法部門包括立陶宛警隊、反恐行動小組、刑警、刑事鑑識中心與交通警察等<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a>。2017年全國犯罪案件共有63,846起，其中多數為竊盜（19,630件，比2016年下降了13.2%），2835起為6年有期徒刑以上的重罪（比2016年下降14.5%），129起為殺人或殺人未遂（比2016年下降19.9%），178起為重傷害（比2016年下降17.6%），攜帶<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%95%E7%A6%81%E5%93%81" title="違禁品">違禁品</a>的案件也比2016年下降了27.2%，但電子資訊相關的犯罪比2016年上升了26.6%<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a>。 立陶宛於1996年停止執行<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91" title="死刑">死刑</a>，並於1998年完全<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E6%AD%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="廢死">廢死</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a>。該國為歐盟國家中單位人口入獄比例最高者，2017年統計顯示每十萬人有315人在獄中服刑，有學者認為此現象不是因為犯罪率高，而是立陶宛的刑期較長、民眾彼此以及對政府的信任度低所致<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="外交">外交</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：外交">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="立陶宛外交">立陶宛外交</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuania_presidency_EU_stamp_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lithuania_presidency_EU_stamp_2013.jpg/220px-Lithuania_presidency_EU_stamp_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lithuania_presidency_EU_stamp_2013.jpg/330px-Lithuania_presidency_EU_stamp_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lithuania_presidency_EU_stamp_2013.jpg/440px-Lithuania_presidency_EU_stamp_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption>2013年立陶宛擔任<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="歐洲聯盟理事會主席國">歐洲聯盟理事會主席國</a>的紀念郵票</figcaption></figure> 立陶宛現與189個國家建交<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a>，係<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="北大西洋公約組織">北大西洋公約組織</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲聯盟">歐洲聯盟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%AE%89%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="欧安组织">欧安组织</a>、北大西洋合作理事會、歐洲理事會及世界貿易組織會員國<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a>。 波蘭高度支持立陶宛獨立，但曾指控立陶宛<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛化（页面不存在）">歧視</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanization" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanization">Lithuanization</a>）境內的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%A3%94%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BA%BA" title="波蘭裔立陶宛人">波蘭裔族群</a> <a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a>，波蘭前總統<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E6%96%87%E8%90%A8" title="莱赫·瓦文萨">萊赫·華勒沙</a>便因此拒絕接受立陶宛頒授的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E9%99%B6%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D%E5%8B%B3%E7%AB%A0" title="維陶塔斯大帝勳章">维陶塔斯大帝勋章</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a>。 立陶宛與<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="喬治亞">喬治亞</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9E%E2%80%94%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="格魯吉亞—立陶宛關係">關係良好</a>，支持其加入北大西洋公約組織與歐洲聯盟<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a>，2008年<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%EF%BC%8D%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯－喬治亞戰爭">俄羅斯－喬治亞戰爭</a>期間，俄軍向喬治亞首都<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="第比利斯">第比利斯</a>前進時，立陶宛總統<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86%E5%BA%93%E6%96%AF" title="瓦尔达斯·阿达姆库斯">瓦爾達斯·阿達姆庫斯</a>與波蘭和烏克蘭總統前往提比里斯，以表達對喬治亞的支持<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a>，立陶宛人與<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="立陶宛天主教會">天主教會</a>也捐款救助戰爭受害者<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bachelet_en_Consejo_de_Seguridad_de_la_ONU_(2015).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bachelet_en_Consejo_de_Seguridad_de_la_ONU_%282015%29.jpg/220px-Bachelet_en_Consejo_de_Seguridad_de_la_ONU_%282015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bachelet_en_Consejo_de_Seguridad_de_la_ONU_%282015%29.jpg/330px-Bachelet_en_Consejo_de_Seguridad_de_la_ONU_%282015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bachelet_en_Consejo_de_Seguridad_de_la_ONU_%282015%29.jpg/440px-Bachelet_en_Consejo_de_Seguridad_de_la_ONU_%282015%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1227" /></a><figcaption>2013年立陶宛當選<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國安全理事會">聯合國安全理事會</a>非常任理事國，其代表位於圖中右側</figcaption></figure> 2013年立陶宛當選<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國安全理事會">聯合國安全理事會</a>非常任理事國，任期兩年<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a>，為波羅的海三國中第一個當選該職的國家，期間大力支持烏克蘭，譴責俄羅斯對烏克蘭的軍事干預<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%93%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="頓巴斯戰爭">頓巴斯戰爭</a>局勢惡化後立陶宛總統<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%88%A9%E5%A8%85%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E5%87%AF%E7%89%B9" title="达利娅·格里包斯凯特">達利婭·格里包斯凱特</a>甚至將俄羅斯總統<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="普丁">普丁</a>比擬為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E9%81%94%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="史達林">史達林</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" class="mw-redirect" title="希特勒">希特勒</a>等獨裁者，並稱俄羅斯為「恐怖主義國家」<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a>。2018年立陶宛與愛沙尼亞、拉脫維亞因成功的民主轉型而共同獲得<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%8D%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威斯特伐利亞和平獎（页面不存在）">威斯特伐利亞和平獎</a>（德语：<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaler_Preis_des_Westf%C3%A4lischen_Friedens" class="extiw" title="de:Internationaler Preis des Westfälischen Friedens">Internationaler Preis des Westfälischen Friedens</a>）<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a>。2019年立陶宛政府譴責<a href="/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%9C%A8%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="2019年土耳其在敘利亞東北部的攻勢">土耳其對敘利亞東北部的軍事行動</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a>。 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E2%80%94%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="中國—立陶宛關係">中國—立陶宛關係</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E2%80%94%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="中華民國—立陶宛關係">中華民國—立陶宛關係</a></div> 2021年開始，立陶宛採取「疏中親臺」的外交政策<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a>，不但退出與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>的「<a href="/wiki/17%2B1%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="17+1合作">17+1合作</a>」<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a>，還有意<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="臺灣地區">在</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>開設經濟代表處，以促進與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%87%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" class="mw-redirect" title="中華民國與立陶宛關係">中華民國的關係</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a>。5月立陶宛國會通過議案認定中華人民共和國政府對<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%BE%E7%88%BE%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="維吾爾族">維吾爾族</a>進行<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%BE%E7%88%BE%E6%97%8F%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95" class="mw-redirect" title="維吾爾族種族滅絕">種族滅絕</a>，並呼籲該國廢除《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E7%B6%AD%E8%AD%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%B3%95" title="中華人民共和國香港特別行政區維護國家安全法">中華人民共和國香港特別行政區維護國家安全法</a>》，中華人民共和國方面則予以強烈譴責<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">臺灣</a>在2020年4月將130萬口罩贈與給北歐和中東歐地區8個歐盟會員國（瑞典、丹麥、奧地利、斯洛伐克、斯洛維尼亞、愛沙尼亞、拉脫維亞和立陶宛等），其中捐贈給立陶宛10萬口罩。作為回應，立陶宛於2021年6月22日宣布捐贈台灣2萬劑<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%EF%BC%8D%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%88%A9%E5%BA%B72019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97" class="mw-redirect" title="牛津－阿斯利康2019冠状病毒病疫苗">牛津－阿斯利康2019冠状病毒病疫苗</a>（AZ疫苗）<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a>。同年7月<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8" title="中華民國外交部">中華民國外交部</a>宣布將於立陶宛設立<a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%90%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E8%99%95" title="駐立陶宛台灣代表處">駐立陶宛台灣代表處</a>，將為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>非邦交國中第一個以台灣為名的代表處<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a>，立陶宛外交部也表示將在台北設立辦事處<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a>。 2023年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="北約峰會">北約峰會</a>預計將在立陶宛首都維爾紐斯舉行<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="軍事">軍事</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：軍事">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg/200px-Closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg/300px-Closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg/400px-Closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4039" data-file-height="1983" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">立陶宛士兵參與北約的「鐵劍2014」軍事演習</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuanian_army_in_Vilnius_(8123251773).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Lithuanian_army_in_Vilnius_%288123251773%29.jpg/200px-Lithuanian_army_in_Vilnius_%288123251773%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Lithuanian_army_in_Vilnius_%288123251773%29.jpg/300px-Lithuanian_army_in_Vilnius_%288123251773%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Lithuanian_army_in_Vilnius_%288123251773%29.jpg/400px-Lithuanian_army_in_Vilnius_%288123251773%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2241" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">在維爾紐斯行進的立陶宛部隊</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛军事">立陶宛軍事</a></div> 立陶宛的國防政策為保障國家主權獨立、領土完整與憲法秩序，戰略目標為維護國家利益，並支援北約與歐盟的軍事任務<a href="#cite_note-WB-225">[225]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛军队">立陶宛軍隊</a>由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛陸軍（页面不存在）">陸軍</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Land_Forces" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian Land Forces">Lithuanian Land Forces</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%A9%BA%E5%86%9B" title="立陶宛空军">空軍</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛海軍（页面不存在）">海軍</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Naval_Force" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian Naval Force">Lithuanian Naval Force</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%89%B9%E7%A8%AE%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛特種部隊（页面不存在）">特種部隊</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Special_Operations_Force" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian Special Operations Force">Lithuanian Special Operations Force</a>）與其他後勤、訓練、指揮、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%86%B2%E5%85%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛憲兵（页面不存在）">憲兵</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Military_Police" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian Military Police">Lithuanian Military Police</a>）等單位組成，由<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8" title="立陶宛國防部">國防部</a>指揮，共有約2萬人（不含<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%82%99%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%93%A1" title="後備軍事動員">後備人員</a>）<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a>，2008年一度廢除了<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B5%E5%85%B5%E5%88%B6" title="徵兵制">徵兵制</a>，但又於2015年恢復之<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a>，立陶宛軍隊目前有人員派駐<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C" title="马里">马里</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="索馬利亞">索馬利亞</a>等國家<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a>，2005年起立陶宛即為駐阿富汗<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%8F%B4%E5%8A%A9%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="國際安全援助部隊">國際安全援助部隊</a>的組成國，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%88%BE%E7%9C%81" title="古爾省">古爾省</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%B0%E8%B5%AB%E6%81%B0%E5%85%B0" title="恰赫恰兰">恰赫恰蘭</a>負責指揮一個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA%E5%B0%8F%E7%BB%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地方重建小组（页面不存在）">地方重建小组</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincial_Reconstruction_Team" class="extiw" title="en:Provincial Reconstruction Team">Provincial Reconstruction Team</a>）<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a>，另有特種部隊派駐<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%93%88%E7%9C%81" title="坎大哈省">坎大哈省</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a>。 此外立陶宛還有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E9%82%8A%E9%98%B2%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛國家邊防局（页面不存在）">邊防局</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_State_Border_Guard_Service" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian State Border Guard Service">Lithuanian State Border Guard Service</a>），由<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%85%A7%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8" title="立陶宛內政部">內政部</a>管理，負責邊境檢查、海關查緝並與海軍合作防止海上走私。2015年國防部下新成立<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛國家網路安全中心（页面不存在）">國家網路安全中心</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cyber_Security_Centre_of_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:National Cyber Security Centre of Lithuania">National Cyber Security Centre of Lithuania</a>），負責保護國家資訊安全與打擊網路犯罪<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a>。除正規編制人員外，立陶宛還有受政府支持的民兵組織<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BE%86%E7%A6%8F%E6%A7%8D%E5%85%B5%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛來福槍兵聯盟（页面不存在）">立陶宛來福槍兵聯盟</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Riflemen%27s_Union" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian Riflemen's Union">Lithuanian Riflemen's Union</a>）<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/2007%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D2008%E5%B9%B4%E7%92%B0%E7%90%83%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="2007年－2008年環球金融危機">2008年環球金融危機</a>後立陶宛的國防支出一度落後北約其他成員國，但近年已快速上升。據北約統計，2020年立陶宛的國防開支佔其<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E6%AF%9B%E9%A1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="國內生產毛額">國內生產毛額</a>（GDP）的2.13%<a href="#cite_note-nato-lt-spending-233">[233]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="经济與產業">经济與產業</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：经济與產業">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="立陶宛經濟">立陶宛經濟</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuania%27s_GDP_per_capita_compared_to_rest_of_the_world_(2020).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lithuania%27s_GDP_per_capita_compared_to_rest_of_the_world_%282020%29.png/220px-Lithuania%27s_GDP_per_capita_compared_to_rest_of_the_world_%282020%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lithuania%27s_GDP_per_capita_compared_to_rest_of_the_world_%282020%29.png/330px-Lithuania%27s_GDP_per_capita_compared_to_rest_of_the_world_%282020%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lithuania%27s_GDP_per_capita_compared_to_rest_of_the_world_%282020%29.png/440px-Lithuania%27s_GDP_per_capita_compared_to_rest_of_the_world_%282020%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2390" data-file-height="1638" /></a><figcaption>2020年立陶宛與其他國家的人均GDP<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a></figcaption></figure> 立陶宛的貨幣原為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%AB%8B%E7%89%B9" title="立陶宛立特">立陶宛立特</a>（LTL），2015年1月1日起加入<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%85%83%E5%8C%BA" title="欧元区">歐元區</a>，正式改用歐元為國內流通貨幣，3.4528立陶宛立特可兌換1歐元<a href="#cite_note-iso4217news2014-235">[235]</a>。立陶宛為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="世界銀行">世界銀行</a>定義的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%94%B6%E5%85%A5%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E9%AB%94" title="高收入經濟體">高收入經濟體</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a>。據2016年的數據，其國內服務業佔GDP比重為68.3%、工業佔28.5%、農業則佔3.3%<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a>。2018年立陶宛的出口物品中，農產品與食物佔比18.3%，化學製品與塑膠佔17.8%，機器與器具佔15.8%，礦產佔14.7%，木材與家具佔12.5%<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a>。2016年立陶宛的最大出口國為俄羅斯，佔比14%，其次依序為拉脫維亞（9.9%）、波蘭（9.1%）、德國（7.7%）、愛沙尼亞（5.3%）、瑞典（4.8%）與英國（4.3%）<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GNI-2016-Lithuania.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/GNI-2016-Lithuania.png/220px-GNI-2016-Lithuania.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/GNI-2016-Lithuania.png/330px-GNI-2016-Lithuania.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/GNI-2016-Lithuania.png/440px-GNI-2016-Lithuania.png 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>2016年立陶宛與周邊國家的人均<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%89%80%E5%BE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="國民所得">國民所得</a>（GNI）<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a></figcaption></figure> 立陶宛因2000年至2009年經濟快速成長，被譽為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E4%B9%8B%E8%99%8E" title="波羅的之虎">波羅的之虎</a>，2007年的經濟成長率高達11.1%，但隨後受<a href="/wiki/2007%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%932008%E5%B9%B4%E7%92%B0%E7%90%83%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="2007年–2008年環球金融危機">環球金融危機</a>影響而出現嚴重衰退，2009年GDP重挫14.9%<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a>，2010年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E6%A5%AD%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="失業率">失業率</a>升至17.8%<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a>，之後經濟成長緩慢回升，但成長幅度不如2009年前的強勢，但<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="國際貨幣基金">國際貨幣基金</a>認為立陶宛的財政狀況然堪稱穩健，2016年的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E5%AD%97%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="赤字率">赤字率</a>從前一年的42.7%降為40%（金融危機以前的2008年赤字率僅為15%）<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a>。立陶宛平均有超過95%的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%95%86%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87" title="外商直接投資">外商直接投資</a>（FDI）來自其他歐盟國家，其中以<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>為最高，佔約20%至30%<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a>，2017年立陶宛的FDI達到高峰。 2004年至2016年立陶宛有大量人口出走，約兩成人口移民至其他國家，原因包括收入不足、尋找新的職缺或求學等<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a>，造成國內勞動人力的缺乏與薪資的上漲<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-archive_org_11-247">[247]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exports-2016-Lithuania.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Exports-2016-Lithuania.png/220px-Exports-2016-Lithuania.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Exports-2016-Lithuania.png/330px-Exports-2016-Lithuania.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Exports-2016-Lithuania.png/440px-Exports-2016-Lithuania.png 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>立陶宛的出口物品佔比（2016年）<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a></figcaption></figure> 2019年，立陶宛成人的平均資產為50,524美元，國家資產總值估計為1150億美元<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> 。2020年全國平均月薪為1000歐元<a href="#cite_note-https://osp.stat.gov.lt-250">[250]</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BC%E8%B2%B7%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E5%83%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="購買力平價">購買力平價</a>為2200歐元<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a>）。該國的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="生活成本">生活成本</a>相對較低，2016年的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E6%94%AF%E5%87%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="家庭消費支出（页面不存在）">家庭消費支出</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Household_final_consumption_expenditure" class="extiw" title="en:Household final consumption expenditure">Household final consumption expenditure</a>）（HFCE）為63，低於歐盟平均的102<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a>。 立陶宛稅制為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E7%A8%8E" title="单一税">單一稅</a>，據<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="欧洲统计局">歐洲統計局</a>統計，立陶宛的個人稅率（15%）與公司稅率（15%）在歐盟國家中都算是相當低的<a href="#cite_note-epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu-253">[253]</a>，其隱性稅率為9.8%，是歐盟國家中最低的。立陶宛國內有7個<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B8%AF" title="自由港">自由貿易區</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a>。 近年立陶宛的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="資訊科技">資訊科技</a>快速發展，2016年產值已有19億歐元<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a>。2018年歐洲的第一個國際區塊鏈中心在立陶宛首都維爾紐斯成立<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="公司">公司</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：公司">编辑</a>]</div> 以下為2018年立陶宛產值排行前十的公司<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a>： <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th style="text-align:center;">排名</th> <th style="text-align:center;">名稱</th> <th style="text-align:center;">總部</th> <th style="text-align:center;">營收（10億歐元）</th> <th style="text-align:center;">員工數 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">01.</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%80%AB_(%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧倫 (公司)（页面不存在）">立陶宛奧倫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKN_Orlen" class="extiw" title="en:PKN Orlen">PKN Orlen</a>）（ORLEN Lietuva）</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%86%B1%E4%BC%8A%E5%9F%BA%E8%89%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="馬熱伊基艾">馬熱伊基艾</a></td> <td>4.6</td> <td>1,381 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">02.</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬克西瑪集團（页面不存在）">立陶宛馬克西瑪集團</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxima_Group" class="extiw" title="en:Maxima Group">Maxima Group</a>）（Maxima LT）</td> <td style="text-align:left;">維爾紐斯</td> <td>1.6</td> <td>14,670 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">03.</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Girteka logistics</td> <td style="text-align:left;">維爾紐斯</td> <td>0.764</td> <td>740 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">04.</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palink&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palink（页面不存在）">Palink</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palink" class="extiw" title="en:Palink">Palink</a>）</td> <td style="text-align:left;">維爾紐斯</td> <td>0.649</td> <td>6,631 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">05.</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E9%85%8D%E9%80%81%E7%87%9F%E9%81%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛能源配送營運（页面不存在）">立陶宛能源配送營運</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energijos_skirstymo_operatorius" class="extiw" title="en:Energijos skirstymo operatorius">Energijos skirstymo operatorius</a>）（ESO）</td> <td style="text-align:left;">維爾紐斯</td> <td>0.624</td> <td>2,383 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">06.</td> <td style="text-align:left;">NEO集團</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="克萊佩達">克萊佩達</a></td> <td>0.541</td> <td>223 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">07.</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Viada LT</td> <td style="text-align:left;">維爾紐斯</td> <td>0.520</td> <td>1,120 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">08.</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Sanitex</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="考那斯">考那斯</a></td> <td>0.500</td> <td>1,299 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">09.</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Norfos mažmena</td> <td style="text-align:left;">維爾紐斯</td> <td>0.469</td> <td>3,284 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">010.</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Circle K Lietuva</td> <td style="text-align:left;">維爾紐斯</td> <td>0.464</td> <td>864 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="農業">農業</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：農業">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%9A%84%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛的農業（页面不存在）">立陶宛的農業</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Agriculture in Lithuania">Agriculture in Lithuania</a>）可追溯至公元前3000年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="新石器時代">新石器時代</a>，自古即為立陶宛重要的產業<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a>。2016年立陶宛農業產值為22.9億歐元，其中以<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="穀物">穀物</a>佔比最高，其他重要作物還有<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9C%E8%8F%9C" title="甜菜">甜菜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%B2%B9%E8%8F%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="西洋油菜">西洋油菜</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%88%B4%E8%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="馬鈴薯">馬鈴薯</a>等，約4.4億歐元的農產出口到國外，佔其該年出口額的19.4%<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a>。 近年來立陶宛的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="有機農業">有機農業</a>蓬勃發展，有機農產品均由一名為Ekoagros的公家單位認證，2016年全國已有超過2500座有機農場，佔地22萬多公頃，其中43.13%種植穀物、31.22%種植牧草、13.9%種植<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%86%E7%A7%91" title="豆科">豆類</a>，其餘則是其他作物<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="旅遊業">旅遊業</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：旅遊業">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Druskininkai_fountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Druskininkai_fountain.jpg/220px-Druskininkai_fountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Druskininkai_fountain.jpg/330px-Druskininkai_fountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Druskininkai_fountain.jpg/440px-Druskininkai_fountain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%AD%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E5%AF%A7%E5%87%B1" title="德魯斯基寧凱">德魯斯基寧凱</a>為立陶宛熱門的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E6%B3%89%E9%95%87" title="温泉镇">溫泉鎮</a></figcaption></figure> 立陶宛熱門的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%A7%80%E5%85%89" title="立陶宛觀光">旅遊項目</a>有維爾紐斯、考那斯與克萊佩達等城市、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8A%A0" title="內林加">內林加</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%85%B0%E5%8A%A0" title="帕兰加">帕蘭加</a>等濱海度假勝地、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%AD%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E5%AF%A7%E5%87%B1" title="德魯斯基寧凱">德魯斯基寧凱</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%80%E6%89%98%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF" title="比爾什托納斯">比爾什托納斯</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E6%B3%89%E9%95%87" title="温泉镇">溫泉鎮</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E6%96%87%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%80" title="祖文塔斯保護區">祖文塔斯保護區</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E6%9B%BC%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼曼三角洲區域公園（页面不存在）">尼曼三角洲區域公園</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemunas_Delta_Regional_Park" class="extiw" title="en:Nemunas Delta Regional Park">Nemunas Delta Regional Park</a>）等賞鳥勝地<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a>、維爾紐斯與<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%87%B1" title="特拉凱">特拉凱</a>的熱氣球巡遊、以及鄉間的濱海單車旅遊等，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%BB%8A%E8%B7%AF%E7%B6%B2" title="歐洲自行車路網">歐洲自行車路網</a>的EV10、EV11和EV13三條路線均經過立陶宛，全國單車道已達3769公里（已鋪設<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%B2%B9" title="柏油">柏油</a>者約2000公里）<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a>。 2016年的數據顯示該年度有約149萬人次的外國旅客造訪立陶宛並停留至少一晚，其中以來自德國者最多（17.5萬人），其次依序為白俄羅斯（17.2萬人）、俄羅斯（15萬人）、波蘭（14.8萬人）、拉脫維亞（13.4萬人）、烏克蘭（8.4萬人）與英國（5.8萬人）<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a>，國內旅遊也有上升趨勢，該年度旅遊業產值為約20億歐元，佔GDP的5.3%<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="科技">科技</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：科技">编辑</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuania_satellites_stamp_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Lithuania_satellites_stamp_2014.jpg/160px-Lithuania_satellites_stamp_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Lithuania_satellites_stamp_2014.jpg/240px-Lithuania_satellites_stamp_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Lithuania_satellites_stamp_2014.jpg/320px-Lithuania_satellites_stamp_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>以立陶宛人造衛星<a href="/w/index.php?title=LitSat-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LitSat-1（页面不存在）">LitSat-1</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LitSat-1" class="extiw" title="en:LitSat-1">LitSat-1</a>）為主題的郵票</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="雷射">雷射</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="生物科技">生物科技</a>是立陶宛的重點科技領域<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a>。據中國商務部介紹，立陶宛在1966年就製造出了鐳射產品，僅比美國晚6年，2017年，中国从立陶宛进口激光设备和光学仪器约1500万欧元，是中国从立进口的第四大重要商品，占中国从立进口总额的10%<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a>。雷射公司<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%A5%E7%89%B9%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="来特激光（页面不存在）">来特激光</a>（Šviesos konversija）開發的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E7%A7%92%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89" title="飞秒激光">飛秒雷射</a>系統在全世界市場的佔有率為80%，被用於分子生物研究、眼科手術與奈米技術等<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="維爾紐斯大學">維爾紐斯大學</a>的雷射研究中心也成功開發了用來治療癌症的強力飛秒雷射系統<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a>。 天文方面，用於天文觀測的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E5%81%B4%E5%85%89%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維爾紐斯側光系統（页面不存在）">維爾紐斯側光系統</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius_photometric_system" class="extiw" title="en:Vilnius photometric system">Vilnius photometric system</a>）為立陶宛天文學家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E9%99%B6%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E8%90%8A%E6%BF%9F%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維陶塔斯·斯特萊濟斯（页面不存在）">維陶塔斯·斯特萊濟斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Strai%C5%BEys" class="extiw" title="en:Vytautas Straižys">Vytautas Straižys</a>）於1963年開發<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a>。立陶宛已成功發射了<a href="/w/index.php?title=LitSat-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LitSat-1（页面不存在）">LitSat-1</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LitSat-1" class="extiw" title="en:LitSat-1">LitSat-1</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=LituanicaSAT-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LituanicaSAT-1（页面不存在）">LituanicaSAT-1</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LituanicaSAT-1" class="extiw" title="en:LituanicaSAT-1">LituanicaSAT-1</a>）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=LituanicaSAT-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LituanicaSAT-2（页面不存在）">LituanicaSAT-2</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LituanicaSAT-2" class="extiw" title="en:LituanicaSAT-2">LituanicaSAT-2</a>）等三個<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="人造衛星">人造衛星</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a>，目前為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%B8%BD%E7%BD%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲太空總署">歐洲太空總署</a>的合作國家<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a>，2018年成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="歐洲核子研究組織">歐洲核子研究組織</a>（CERN）的準會員<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a>。蘇聯<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="太空人">太空人</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%BC%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%A7%91%E7%B6%AD%E4%B8%98%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里曼塔斯·斯坦科維丘斯（页面不存在）">里曼塔斯·斯坦科維丘斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimantas_Antanas_Stankevi%C4%8Dius" class="extiw" title="en:Rimantas Antanas Stankevičius">Rimantas Antanas Stankevičius</a>）是迄今唯一一位成為太空人的立陶宛人<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a>。 2008年立陶宛啟動科技谷計畫，致力於提升科學研究的設備並鼓勵產學合作，共建立了五個研發科技谷，分別為海洋科技、農林與生質能源、雷射與半導體、生物醫學、化學與藥學<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人口">人口</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：人口">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="立陶宛人口">立陶宛人口</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Population_density_in_municipalities_of_Lithuania_modified.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Population_density_in_municipalities_of_Lithuania_modified.svg/300px-Population_density_in_municipalities_of_Lithuania_modified.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Population_density_in_municipalities_of_Lithuania_modified.svg/450px-Population_density_in_municipalities_of_Lithuania_modified.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Population_density_in_municipalities_of_Lithuania_modified.svg/600px-Population_density_in_municipalities_of_Lithuania_modified.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="610" /></a><figcaption>立陶宛各地的人口密度</figcaption></figure> 立陶宛总人口不足300万，人口老龄化程度日趋严重，且正面臨<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%91%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96" title="少子化">少子化</a>，2014年統計顯示全國人口中14歲以下者佔13.5%，15至64歲者為69.5%，65歲以上則為16.8%<a href="#cite_note-CIA-279">[279]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E5%92%8C%E7%94%9F%E8%82%B2%E7%8E%87" title="总和生育率">總和生育率</a>約為1.59<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a>，29%的新生兒為未婚婦女所生<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E5%A9%9A%E5%B9%B4%E9%BD%A1" title="初婚年齡">初婚年齡</a>女性為27歲、男性則為29.3歲<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a>。 同时，立陶宛人口外流现象非常严重。1992年立陶宛人口达到370万的峰值，随后逐年递减，到2017年已减至285万<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a>。 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">由于已知的技术原因，图表暂时不可用。带来不便，我们深表歉意。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="族群">族群</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：族群">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:300px; background: ;color: #000;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd;color: inherit;"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">立陶宛族群統計（2011年）<a href="#cite_note-2011abar-284">[284]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">立陶宛人</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:84.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">84.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">波蘭人</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:6.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">俄羅斯人</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:5.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">白俄羅斯人</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:1.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">烏克蘭人</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:brown; width:0.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">其他</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:gray; width:1.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.7%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> 立陶宛的族群自新石器時代起即沒有太大的變動，沒有大規模的人口取代，因此現今<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BA%BA" title="立陶宛人">立陶宛人</a>的遺傳組成可能與古代的立陶宛人相差不遠<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a>，且立陶宛人在遺傳上的同質性很高，沒有明顯的子群<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a>。2004年的一項<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E7%B7%9A%E9%AB%94DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="粒線體DNA">粒線體DNA</a>分析顯示立陶宛人與<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="斯拉夫民族">斯拉夫民族</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0-%E4%B9%8C%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="芬兰-乌戈尔语族">芬兰-乌戈尔语族人</a>較為接近，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BBY%E6%9F%93%E8%89%B2%E4%BD%93DNA%E5%8D%95%E5%80%8D%E5%9E%8B%E7%B1%BB%E7%BE%A4" title="人类Y染色体DNA单倍型类群">Y染色體單倍群</a>分析則顯示立陶宛人與<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="愛沙尼亞人">愛沙尼亞人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="拉脫維亞人">拉脫維亞人</a>最為接近<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a>。 立陶宛約有六分之五的人口為立陶宛人，為波羅的海三國中族群同質性最高的國家，2015年統計顯示全國2,921,262人中有84.2%為以<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛語">立陶宛語</a>為母語的立陶宛人，其他則為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="波蘭人">波蘭人</a>（6.6%）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="俄羅斯人">俄羅斯人</a>（5.8%）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="白俄罗斯人">白俄羅斯人</a>（1.2%）與<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭人">烏克蘭人</a>（0.5%）等<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%97%8F%E8%A3%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛的少數族裔（页面不存在）">少數族裔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Ethnic minorities in Lithuania">Ethnic minorities in Lithuania</a>）<a href="#cite_note-2011abar-284">[284]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%A3%94%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BA%BA" title="波蘭裔立陶宛人">波蘭裔立陶宛人</a>是境內人數最多的少數族裔，多居住於立陶宛東南部（維爾紐斯地區）；<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%A3%94%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯裔立陶宛人（页面不存在）">俄羅斯裔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russians_in_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Russians in Lithuania">Russians in Lithuania</a>）次之，多集中在維爾紐斯和克莱佩达兩市，分別佔當地人口的12%<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a>與19.6%<a href="#cite_note-osp.stat.gov.lt-291">[291]</a>，並在東部城鎮<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E8%96%A9%E5%90%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF" title="維薩吉納斯">維薩吉納斯</a>佔過半數人口（52%）<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a>；立陶宛還有約3,000名<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="羅姆人">羅姆人</a>，多住在維爾紐斯、考那斯和帕內韋日斯<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a>；且有約3,000名<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E5%8D%A1%E9%9F%83%E9%9D%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="利普卡韃靼人">利普卡韃靼人</a>（立陶宛韃靼人），其祖先約於14世紀末開始自<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%B3%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="金帳汗國">金帳汗國</a>等地遷至立陶宛大公國<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a>。此外立陶宛原本有許多<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="立陶宛猶太人">猶太人</a>，自18世紀起即為歐洲重要的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛猶太人歷史（页面不存在）">猶太社群</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Jews in Lithuania">History of the Jews in Lithuania</a>），1941年6月（納粹入侵前）約有22萬名猶太人，幾乎都在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="立陶宛猶太人大屠殺">大屠殺</a>中遇害<a href="#cite_note-Bubnys_vanished219-295">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a>，2009年統計顯示立陶宛的猶太人僅有4,000人<a href="#cite_note-Stats-297">[297]</a>。 立陶宛的官方語言為立陶宛語，部分地區也有相當的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭語">波蘭語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="俄語">俄語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="白俄羅斯語">白俄羅斯語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭語">烏克蘭語</a>人口，其中以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%88%BE%E5%A5%87%E5%AF%A7%E5%87%B1%E5%8D%80" title="沙爾奇寧凱區">沙爾奇寧凱區</a>（80%人口為波蘭裔）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%80" title="維爾紐斯區">維爾紐斯區</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E8%96%A9%E5%90%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF_(%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE)" title="維薩吉納斯 (市鎮)">維薩吉納斯</a>最多，有極少數尚存的猶太人仍使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語">意第緒語</a>。立陶宛法律將少數族裔的語言列入學校教育中，在少數族裔集中的地區設有許多公立學校教授這些語言<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a>。根據2011的統計資料，全國有85%人口以立陶宛語為母語、7.2%以俄語為母語、5.3%以波蘭語為母語，另外全國有39%的人會說俄語、20%會說英語、9%會說<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德語">德語</a>、6%會說波蘭語、3%會說<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a><a href="#cite_note-osp.stat.gov.lt-291">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a>。大多數立陶宛學校以英語為第一外語，年輕世代有約80%會說英語<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a>。 在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%9B%A3%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲難民危機">歐洲難民危機</a>中，立陶宛依照歐盟成員國的協定接收了一些難民配額<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a>。2021年7月，越過<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E2%80%94%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%82%8A%E7%95%8C" title="白俄羅斯—立陶宛邊界">白俄羅斯—立陶宛邊界</a>進入立陶宛的非法移民數量大增，導致<a href="/wiki/2021%E5%B9%B4%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="2021年立陶宛移民危機">2021年立陶宛移民危機</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宗教">宗教</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：宗教">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:300px; background: ;color: #000;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd;color: inherit;"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">立陶宛宗教統計（2011年）<a href="#cite_note-stat-rel-303">[303]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:77.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">77.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:4.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">東正教<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%A4%BC%E4%BB%AA%E6%B4%BE" title="旧礼仪派">舊禮儀派</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:0.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="路德宗">路德宗</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:yellow; width:0.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛福音歸正教會（页面不存在）">歸正教會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Evangelical_Reformed_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian Evangelical Reformed Church">Lithuanian Evangelical Reformed Church</a>）</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:brown; width:0.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">其他</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:0.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">無信仰</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:6.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">未作答</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:gray; width:10.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">10.1%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hill-of-crosses-siauliai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Hill-of-crosses-siauliai.jpg/360px-Hill-of-crosses-siauliai.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Hill-of-crosses-siauliai.jpg/540px-Hill-of-crosses-siauliai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Hill-of-crosses-siauliai.jpg/720px-Hill-of-crosses-siauliai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3067" data-file-height="1155" /></a><figcaption>立陶宛北部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E6%9E%B6%E5%B1%B1" title="十字架山">十字架山</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="立陶宛宗教">立陶宛宗教</a></div> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>自1387年<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛的基督化">立陶宛基督化</a>以來即為該國的主要宗教信仰，根據2011年人口普查，全國信仰天主教者佔77.2%<a href="#cite_note-stat-rel-303">[303]</a>，沙俄與蘇聯時期政府推行俄羅斯化政策，天主教會均受到迫害，蘇聯時期許多天主教神父與修女領導反蘇抵抗運動，他們在1972年至1989年出版《<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%A8%98%E4%BA%8B" title="立陶宛天主教會記事">立陶宛天主教會記事</a>》，紀錄當局對教會的迫害以及其他侵犯人權的行為<a href="#cite_note-juoze-304">[304]</a>，立陶宛北部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E6%9E%B6%E5%B1%B1" title="十字架山">十字架山</a>即為和平抵抗的象徵，蘇聯政府曾數次嘗試以挖土機將其破壞<a href="#cite_note-giedre-305">[305]</a>。 除天主教外，立陶宛有4.1%的人口信仰<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="东正教">东正教</a>，多為俄羅斯裔立陶宛人，另外有0.8%信仰東正教<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%A4%BC%E4%BB%AA%E6%B4%BE" title="旧礼仪派">舊禮儀派</a>，其社群可追溯至十七世紀中葉<a href="#cite_note-stat-rel-303">[303]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a>對立陶宛的影響不若在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB" title="東普魯士">東普魯士</a>、拉脫維亞與愛沙尼亞般強烈，信仰<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="基督新教">基督新教</a>者只有0.8%（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="路德宗">路德宗</a>0.6%、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛福音歸正教會（页面不存在）">歸正教會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Evangelical_Reformed_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian Evangelical Reformed Church">Lithuanian Evangelical Reformed Church</a>）0.2%），有文獻記載二戰前信仰新教的人口佔3.3%<a href="#cite_note-lmaleidykla.lt-306">[306]</a>，多為居住在克萊佩達地區的德國人與<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BA%BA" title="普魯士立陶宛人">普魯士立陶宛人</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a>，但他們在戰後多被<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%88%98%E5%90%8E%E5%AF%B9%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E9%A9%B1%E9%80%90" title="第二次世界大战战后对德意志人的驱逐">驅逐</a><a href="#cite_note-Juška_1997_9-Kleinlitauer-308">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-kaukas-309">[309]</a>，現時的新教徒多為本地立陶宛人。1990年代起也有新的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="福音主義">福音教會</a>來到立陶宛<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a>。此外<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E5%8D%A1%E9%9F%83%E9%9D%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="利普卡韃靼人">利普卡韃靼人</a>（立陶宛韃靼人）仍信仰<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a>，少數尚存的猶太人也維持了<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太教">猶太教</a>的信仰與文化<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a>。 近年來一種稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%A7%86%E7%93%A6_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" title="洛姆瓦 (宗教)">洛姆瓦</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%95%B0%E6%95%99%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="新異教信仰">新異教</a>信仰人口漸增，洛姆瓦脫胎自<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="立陶宛神话">立陶宛神話</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="多神信仰">多神信仰</a>，遵循波羅的海地區古代的信仰儀式<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a>，崇尚自然的神聖，且具有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="祖先崇拜">祖先崇拜</a>的元素<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a>。2001年<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001%E5%B9%B4%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2001年立陶宛人口普查（页面不存在）">人口普查</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_census_of_2001" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian census of 2001">Lithuanian census of 2001</a>）顯示立陶宛有1,270人尊奉波羅的海傳統信仰<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a>，2011年則增加至5118人<a href="#cite_note-osp.stat.gov.lt-291">[291]</a>。 <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="font-size: 100%; text-align:center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Romuva_sanctuary.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="桑比亞半島的洛姆瓦神廟，據史料記載異教教皇克列維（Kriwe）在此掌管波羅的海地區的宗教事務[318]"><img alt="桑比亞半島的洛姆瓦神廟，據史料記載異教教皇克列維（Kriwe）在此掌管波羅的海地區的宗教事務[318]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Romuva_sanctuary.jpg/205px-Romuva_sanctuary.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Romuva_sanctuary.jpg/307px-Romuva_sanctuary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Romuva_sanctuary.jpg/409px-Romuva_sanctuary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="968" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="桑比亚半岛">桑比亞半島</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%A7%86%E7%93%A6" title="洛姆瓦">洛姆瓦神廟</a>，據史料記載異教教皇克列維（Kriwe）在此掌管波羅的海地區的宗教事務<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church_1,_Vilnius,_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="維爾紐斯的聖伯多祿聖保祿教堂為立陶宛重要的天主教教堂"><img alt="維爾紐斯的聖伯多祿聖保祿教堂為立陶宛重要的天主教教堂" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church_1%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/187px-St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church_1%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church_1%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/281px-St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church_1%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church_1%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/374px-St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church_1%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6884" data-file-height="6626" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">維爾紐斯的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%BF%E8%81%96%E4%BF%9D%E7%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82_(%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF)" title="聖伯多祿聖保祿教堂 (維爾紐斯)">聖伯多祿聖保祿教堂</a>為立陶宛重要的天主教教堂</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 95.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 93.333333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Theotokos_vilnius.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="聖母主教座堂為立陶宛重要的東正教教堂"><img alt="聖母主教座堂為立陶宛重要的東正教教堂" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Theotokos_vilnius.jpg/140px-Theotokos_vilnius.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Theotokos_vilnius.jpg/209px-Theotokos_vilnius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Theotokos_vilnius.jpg/279px-Theotokos_vilnius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2166" data-file-height="2791" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82_(%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF)" title="聖母主教座堂 (維爾紐斯)">聖母主教座堂</a>為立陶宛重要的東正教教堂</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 140.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 138.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilniaus_sinagoga.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="維爾紐斯仍在運行中的合唱猶太會堂。"><img alt="維爾紐斯仍在運行中的合唱猶太會堂。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Vilniaus_sinagoga.jpg/208px-Vilniaus_sinagoga.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Vilniaus_sinagoga.jpg/312px-Vilniaus_sinagoga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Vilniaus_sinagoga.jpg/416px-Vilniaus_sinagoga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="866" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">維爾紐斯仍在運行中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E5%94%B1%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%9C%83%E5%A0%82_(%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF)" title="合唱猶太會堂 (維爾紐斯)">合唱猶太會堂</a>。</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2019._Me%C4%8Det%C4%97,_Kaunas.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="考那斯清真寺（英语：Kaunas Mosque）"><img alt="考那斯清真寺（英语：Kaunas Mosque）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/2019._Me%C4%8Det%C4%97%2C_Kaunas.JPG/243px-2019._Me%C4%8Det%C4%97%2C_Kaunas.JPG" decoding="async" width="162" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/2019._Me%C4%8Det%C4%97%2C_Kaunas.JPG/365px-2019._Me%C4%8Det%C4%97%2C_Kaunas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/2019._Me%C4%8Det%C4%97%2C_Kaunas.JPG/487px-2019._Me%C4%8Det%C4%97%2C_Kaunas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4875" data-file-height="3608" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="考那斯清真寺（页面不存在）">考那斯清真寺</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaunas_Mosque" class="extiw" title="en:Kaunas Mosque">Kaunas Mosque</a>）</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="都市化">都市化</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：都市化">编辑</a>]</div> 立陶宛自1990年代開始持續<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="都市化">都市化</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF" title="阿利图斯">阿利圖斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E6%8F%9A%E6%B3%8A%E5%88%97" class="mw-redirect" title="馬里揚泊列">馬里揚泊列</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%94%B0%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="烏田納">烏田納</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%80%AB%E8%93%8B" title="普倫蓋">普倫蓋</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%86%B1%E4%BC%8A%E5%9F%BA%E8%89%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="馬熱伊基艾">馬熱伊基艾</a>等地逐漸成為地區中心城市，維爾紐斯與考那斯則為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="城市功能區（页面不存在）">城市功能區</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/functional_urban_area" class="extiw" title="en:functional urban area">functional urban area</a>）（FUA）<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a>。2015年全國有約三分之二的人口居住於都市<a href="#cite_note-CIA-279">[279]</a>。 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84339893">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="Talk:立陶宛"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="Special:编辑页面/立陶宛"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">立陶宛最大城市排名 <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Statistics Lithuania (2020)<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>排名 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="立陶宛城市列表">名称</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%B8%A3%E4%BB%BD" title="立陶宛縣份">縣</a> </th> <th>人口 </th> <th>排名 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="立陶宛城市列表">名称</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%B8%A3%E4%BB%BD" title="立陶宛縣份">縣</a> </th> <th>人口</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnius_Modern_Skyline_At_Dusk,_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="维尔纽斯"><img alt="维尔纽斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Vilnius_Modern_Skyline_At_Dusk%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/120px-Vilnius_Modern_Skyline_At_Dusk%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Vilnius_Modern_Skyline_At_Dusk%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/180px-Vilnius_Modern_Skyline_At_Dusk%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Vilnius_Modern_Skyline_At_Dusk%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/240px-Vilnius_Modern_Skyline_At_Dusk%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12000" data-file-height="6258" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" title="维尔纽斯">维尔纽斯</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Vytautas_the_Great_Bridge_from_hill,_Kaunas,_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="考那斯"><img alt="考那斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vytautas_the_Great_Bridge_from_hill%2C_Kaunas%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/120px-Vytautas_the_Great_Bridge_from_hill%2C_Kaunas%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vytautas_the_Great_Bridge_from_hill%2C_Kaunas%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/180px-Vytautas_the_Great_Bridge_from_hill%2C_Kaunas%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vytautas_the_Great_Bridge_from_hill%2C_Kaunas%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/240px-Vytautas_the_Great_Bridge_from_hill%2C_Kaunas%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="考那斯">考那斯</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" title="维尔纽斯">维尔纽斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3" title="維爾紐斯縣">維爾紐斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">580,020</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E4%BB%A3%E5%B0%BC%E8%89%BE" title="凱代尼艾">凱代尼艾</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3" title="考那斯縣">考那斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">22,682 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Klaip%C4%97da._Senamiestis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="克莱佩达"><img alt="克莱佩达" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Klaip%C4%97da._Senamiestis.jpg/120px-Klaip%C4%97da._Senamiestis.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Klaip%C4%97da._Senamiestis.jpg/180px-Klaip%C4%97da._Senamiestis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Klaip%C4%97da._Senamiestis.jpg/240px-Klaip%C4%97da._Senamiestis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2530" data-file-height="1898" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E4%BD%A9%E8%BE%BE" title="克莱佩达">克莱佩达</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Calle_Vilnius,_Siauliai,_Lituania,_2012-08-09,_DD_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="希奥利艾"><img alt="希奥利艾" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Calle_Vilnius%2C_Siauliai%2C_Lituania%2C_2012-08-09%2C_DD_01.JPG/120px-Calle_Vilnius%2C_Siauliai%2C_Lituania%2C_2012-08-09%2C_DD_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Calle_Vilnius%2C_Siauliai%2C_Lituania%2C_2012-08-09%2C_DD_01.JPG/180px-Calle_Vilnius%2C_Siauliai%2C_Lituania%2C_2012-08-09%2C_DD_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Calle_Vilnius%2C_Siauliai%2C_Lituania%2C_2012-08-09%2C_DD_01.JPG/240px-Calle_Vilnius%2C_Siauliai%2C_Lituania%2C_2012-08-09%2C_DD_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5313" data-file-height="2759" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%A9%E8%89%BE" title="希奥利艾">希奥利艾</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="考那斯">考那斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3" title="考那斯縣">考那斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">289,380</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="陶拉格">陶拉格</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="陶拉格縣">陶拉格</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,516 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E4%BD%A9%E8%BE%BE" title="克莱佩达">克莱佩达</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94%E7%B8%A3" title="克萊佩達縣">克萊佩達</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">149,157</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%8C%E8%89%BE" title="特爾希艾">特爾希艾</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%8C%E8%89%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="特爾希艾縣">特爾希艾</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,294 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%A9%E8%89%BE" title="希奥利艾">希奥利艾</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%89%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="希奧利艾縣">希奧利艾</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">101,514</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E6%A2%85%E7%88%BE%E8%93%8B" title="烏克梅爾蓋">烏克梅爾蓋</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3" title="維爾紐斯縣">維爾紐斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">20,144 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%85%A7%E9%9F%8B%E6%97%A5%E6%96%AF" title="帕內韋日斯">帕內韋日斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%85%A7%E9%9F%8B%E6%97%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3" title="帕內韋日斯縣">帕內韋日斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">85,885</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E8%96%A9%E5%90%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF" title="維薩吉納斯">維薩吉納斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%94%B0%E7%B4%8D%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="烏田納縣">烏田納</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,031 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF" title="阿利图斯">阿利图斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3" title="阿利圖斯縣">阿利圖斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">49,888</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%80%AB%E8%93%8B" title="普倫蓋">普倫蓋</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%8C%E8%89%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="特爾希艾縣">特爾希艾</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,904 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E6%8F%9A%E6%B3%8A%E5%88%97" class="mw-redirect" title="馬里揚泊列">馬里揚泊列</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E6%8F%9A%E6%B3%8A%E5%88%97%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="馬里揚泊列縣">馬里揚泊列</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">34,968</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E5%BB%B7%E5%8A%A0" title="克雷廷加">克雷廷加</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94%E7%B8%A3" title="克萊佩達縣">克萊佩達</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,732 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%83%AD%E4%BC%8A%E5%9F%BA%E8%89%BE" title="马热伊基艾">马热伊基艾</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%8C%E8%89%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="特爾希艾縣">特爾希艾</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">32,477</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%A0%BC%E6%97%A5%E4%BB%A3" title="加爾格日代">加爾格日代</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94%E7%B8%A3" title="克萊佩達縣">克萊佩達</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">16,814 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%B4%8D%E7%93%A6" title="約納瓦">約納瓦</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3" title="考那斯縣">考那斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">26,427</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%9B%A7%E6%B3%B0" title="希盧泰">希盧泰</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94%E7%B8%A3" title="克萊佩達縣">克萊佩達</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">16,812 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%B3%B0%E7%BA%B3" title="乌泰纳">乌泰纳</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%94%B0%E7%B4%8D%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="烏田納縣">烏田納</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,395</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%AD%E5%88%A9%E4%BB%80%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF" title="拉德維利什基斯">拉德維利什基斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%89%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="希奧利艾縣">希奧利艾</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">16,344 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="健康">健康</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：健康">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kauno_klinikos_2006_07_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kauno_klinikos_2006_07_23.jpg/220px-Kauno_klinikos_2006_07_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kauno_klinikos_2006_07_23.jpg/330px-Kauno_klinikos_2006_07_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kauno_klinikos_2006_07_23.jpg/440px-Kauno_klinikos_2006_07_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="考那斯醫院（页面不存在）">考那斯醫院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaunas_Clinics" class="extiw" title="en:Kaunas Clinics">Kaunas Clinics</a>）為立陶宛最大的醫院</figcaption></figure> 2019年立陶宛的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E5%A3%BD%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="平均壽命">平均壽命</a>為76歲（男性71.2歲、女性80.4歲）<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> ，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="嬰兒死亡率">嬰兒死亡率</a>為2.99/千人<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> 。國內的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%87%AA%E6%AE%BA%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛自殺現象（页面不存在）">高自殺率</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Suicide in Lithuania">Suicide in Lithuania</a>）是一社會議題，1990年代自殺率大幅上升<a href="#cite_note-who-suicide-data-323">[323]</a>，後來雖逐年下降，但仍是歐盟國家中自殺率位居前列者<a href="#cite_note-smhc-info-324">[324]</a>，2019年自殺率為20.2/10萬人<a href="#cite_note-who-suicide-data-323">[323]</a>，自殺現象可能與社會轉型、經濟危機、酗酒、社會包容與霸凌有關<a href="#cite_note-lrt-suicide-reasons-325">[325]</a>。 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%A8%85%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛稅制（页面不存在）">立陶宛稅制</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxation_in_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Taxation in Lithuania">Taxation in Lithuania</a>）中包含強制的<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA" title="醫療保險">醫療保險</a>（Privalomasis sveikatos draudimas，PSD）<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a>，涵蓋了包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A5%E8%A8%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="急診">急診</a>等大多數的醫療費用<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a>（但不包括牙科、門診藥與部分醫療產品的費用<a href="#cite_note-euro.who-328">[328]</a>），且未納保者亦可使用免費急診服務<a href="#cite_note-euro.who-328">[328]</a>。2000年起立陶宛多數的醫療院所為非營利機構，除<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E9%83%A8" title="立陶宛衛生部">衛生部</a>經營的數間醫院以外，也有許多私立醫院提供<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E4%BB%98%E8%B2%BB%E7%94%A8" title="自付費用">自費</a>門診服務<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a>，醫療費用與其他歐洲國家相比較為低廉<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a>。2009年統計全國有12,191名醫師（36.14名醫師/十萬人）<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a>。2018年衡量歐洲各國醫療品質的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲健康消費指數（页面不存在）">歐洲健康消費指數</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro_Health_Consumer_Index" class="extiw" title="en:Euro Health Consumer Index">Euro Health Consumer Index</a>）中，立陶宛在35個國家中排名第28名<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a>。 一项来自牛津大学的研究表明，<a href="/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" title="2019冠状病毒病疫情">2019冠状病毒病疫情</a>导致了立陶宛男性预期寿命降低了1.7岁（在研究的29个国家中仅次于美国的2.2岁），女性则降低了1.3岁。<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="教育">教育</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：教育">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vytautas_Magnus_University,_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Vytautas_Magnus_University%2C_2016.jpg/220px-Vytautas_Magnus_University%2C_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Vytautas_Magnus_University%2C_2016.jpg/330px-Vytautas_Magnus_University%2C_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Vytautas_Magnus_University%2C_2016.jpg/440px-Vytautas_Magnus_University%2C_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5014" data-file-height="3343" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E9%99%B6%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A6%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="維陶塔斯馬格努斯大學">維陶塔斯馬格努斯大學</a>人文學院與政治外交學院大樓</figcaption></figure> 立陶宛憲法規定國民6歲至16歲需接受十年的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%8B%99%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="義務教育">義務教育</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a>。2016年政府在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛教育（页面不存在）">教育</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Education in Lithuania">Education in Lithuania</a>）上的花費約合GDP的5.4%（公共支出總和的15.4%）<a href="#cite_note-edumonitor-335">[335]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="維爾紐斯大學">維爾紐斯大學</a>是立陶宛最大的大學，且為歐洲歷史最悠久的大學之一，其歷史可追溯至1579年<a href="#cite_note-VU1579-336">[336]</a>；<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="考納斯理工大學">考納斯理工大學</a>為立陶宛排名第二的大學，為波羅的海地區重要的理工大學<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a>。 <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GreatCourtyard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GreatCourtyard.jpg/170px-GreatCourtyard.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GreatCourtyard.jpg/255px-GreatCourtyard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GreatCourtyard.jpg/340px-GreatCourtyard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="763" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="維爾紐斯大學">維爾紐斯大學</a>的歷史可追溯至1579年<a href="#cite_note-VU1579-336">[336]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="世界銀行">世界銀行</a>統計立陶宛15歲以上人口的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%98%E5%AD%97%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="識字率">識字率</a>為100%<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a>，入學率高於歐盟平均，失學率也低於歐盟平均，歐洲統計局資料顯示立陶宛人受過中等教育者的比例在歐盟國家中位居前列<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> ，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E6%9A%A8%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟合作暨發展組織">經濟合作暨發展組織</a>（OECD）數據顯示立陶宛人接受<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%9F%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="第三期教育">中學後教育</a>的比例位居世界前五<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a>，2016年25至34歲的人口中有54.9%已完成中學後教育，25至64歲人口中完成<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E7%A7%91" title="理工科">理工科</a>、商科、行政與法律中學後教育者皆略高於OECD國家的平均值<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a>。 立陶宛的教育系統也面臨一些結構性議題，例如資金不足、教學品質不佳與學生數量下降等，立陶宛教師的薪資是歐盟國家中最低的<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a>，2014年<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a>、2015年<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a>與2016年<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a>皆導致教師罷工抗議，高等教育教師的薪資也較低落，許多大學教授需兼職以維生<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="国际学生能力评估计划">國際學生能力評估計劃</a>（PISA）2010年與2015年的報告中，立陶宛學生的數學、科學與閱讀能力皆低於OECD國家平均<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a>。從2005年到2015年，少子化造成6至19歲的人口數下降了36%，使得學校的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%AB%E7%94%9F%E6%AF%94" title="師生比">師生比</a>提高，許多鄉村學校被迫重組整併<a href="#cite_note-edumonitor-335">[335]</a>，為因應少子化<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a>，立陶宛議會決議減少大專院校的數量<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a>，例如在2018年將<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛教育大學（页面不存在）">立陶宛教育大學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_University_of_Educational_Sciences" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences">Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences</a>）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E9%99%B6%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A6%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E8%BE%B2%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維陶塔斯馬格努斯大學農學院（页面不存在）">亞歷山德拉斯·斯圖爾金斯基斯大學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Magnus_University_Agriculture_Academy" class="extiw" title="en:Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy">Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy</a>）併入<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E9%99%B6%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A6%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="維陶塔斯馬格努斯大學">維陶塔斯馬格努斯大學</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a>。 立陶宛也與鄰國拉脫維亞同樣面臨受高等教育的雙語者<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%8D%E5%A4%96%E6%B5%81" title="人才外流">人才外流</a>至他國的問題<a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="基礎建設">基礎建設</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：基礎建設">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="交通運輸">交通運輸</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：交通運輸">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="立陶宛交通">立陶宛交通</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuania-roads-(E).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Lithuania-roads-%28E%29.png/220px-Lithuania-roads-%28E%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Lithuania-roads-%28E%29.png/330px-Lithuania-roads-%28E%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Lithuania-roads-%28E%29.png/440px-Lithuania-roads-%28E%29.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>立陶宛的高速公路路網</figcaption></figure> 運輸業是立陶宛經濟中排行第三的產業<a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a>。經過立陶宛的第一條鐵路為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%AF%E6%B2%99-%E8%81%96%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%A0%A1%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="華沙-聖彼得堡鐵路（页面不存在）">華沙-聖彼得堡鐵路</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_%E2%80%93_Saint_Petersburg_Railway" class="extiw" title="en:Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railway">Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railway</a>），始建於19世紀中葉，當時建造的<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93" title="考那斯鐵路隧道">考那斯鐵路隧道</a>現仍在使用<a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a>。現時<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="立陶宛铁路">立陶宛鐵路</a>路網長約1,700公里，使用<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%BD%A8%E8%B7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="俄罗斯轨距">俄罗斯轨距</a>（其中有115公里使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%BB%8C" title="標準軌">標準軌</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a>），其中約120公里已電氣化，因多數鐵道軌距與歐洲其他國家的標準軌不同，運行時需要換軌。立陶宛國內超過一半的貨運使用鐵路<a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a>。連接<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="芬蘭">芬蘭</a>與波蘭的標準軌鐵路<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="波羅的海鐵路">波羅的海鐵路</a>現正興建中，將穿越立陶宛等波羅的海國家<a href="#cite_note-feasibility_EU-361">[361]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnius_airport_railway_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Vilnius_airport_railway_station.jpg/220px-Vilnius_airport_railway_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Vilnius_airport_railway_station.jpg/330px-Vilnius_airport_railway_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Vilnius_airport_railway_station.jpg/440px-Vilnius_airport_railway_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1711" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="維爾紐斯國際機場">維爾紐斯國際機場</a>的鐵路車站</figcaption></figure> 立陶宛的公路運輸也相當發達，2016年與2017年立陶宛的運輸公司均因訂購大批的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="卡車">卡車</a>而引起關注<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a>，境內約九成的商業卡車運輸為國際運輸，佔比為歐盟中最高<a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a>。 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94%E6%B8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克萊佩達港（页面不存在）">克萊佩達港</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Klaip%C4%97da" class="extiw" title="en:Port of Klaipėda">Port of Klaipėda</a>）是立陶宛唯一的商港，2011年的貨物交易量為4,550萬公噸（含北側的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%BB%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%B2%B9%E5%BA%AB" title="布廷格油庫">布廷格油庫</a>）<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a>，此港口是波羅的海地區的第八大港<a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a>，但並未名列歐盟前二十大商港<a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a>，目前有擴建計畫進行中<a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="維爾紐斯國際機場">維爾紐斯國際機場</a>為立陶宛最大的機場，2019年在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%AE%A2%E9%81%8B%E9%87%8F%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="全歐洲客運量最多的機場">歐洲機場</a>中客運量排名第93，服務旅客約500萬人次<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a>。其他國際機場還包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" title="考纳斯机场">考纳斯机场</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%85%B0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" title="帕兰加机场">帕蘭加機場</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%89%BE%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="希奧利艾國際機場">希奧利艾國際機場</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="能源">能源</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节：能源">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FSRU_Independence_in_the_port_of_Klaip%C4%97da,_Lithuania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/FSRU_Independence_in_the_port_of_Klaip%C4%97da%2C_Lithuania.jpg/220px-FSRU_Independence_in_the_port_of_Klaip%C4%97da%2C_Lithuania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/FSRU_Independence_in_the_port_of_Klaip%C4%97da%2C_Lithuania.jpg/330px-FSRU_Independence_in_the_port_of_Klaip%C4%97da%2C_Lithuania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/FSRU_Independence_in_the_port_of_Klaip%C4%97da%2C_Lithuania.jpg/440px-FSRU_Independence_in_the_port_of_Klaip%C4%97da%2C_Lithuania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption>克萊佩達港的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%A3%E8%BC%89%E9%81%8B%E8%88%B9" title="液化天然氣載運船">液化天然氣載運船</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=FSRU%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E8%99%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FSRU獨立號（页面不存在）">FSRU獨立號</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FSRU_Independence" class="extiw" title="en:FSRU Independence">FSRU Independence</a>）</figcaption></figure> 立陶宛過去高度依賴<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%83%BD%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="核能發電">核能发电</a>，据<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%83%BD%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="国际原子能机构">国际原子能机构</a>统计，2002年底立陶宛的核能发电在全国总发电比例中占了80.1%<a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a>，當時立陶宛的核能發電廠<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%A0%BC%E7%B4%8D%E5%88%A9%E7%B4%8D%E6%A0%B8%E9%9B%BB%E7%AB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊格納利納核電站">伊格納利納核電站</a>反應爐的設計與發生事故的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8A%E8%AB%BE%E6%AF%94%E6%A0%B8%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="車諾比核電廠">車諾比核電廠</a>類似，且一樣缺乏穩固的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%A3%B3" title="核反应堆安全壳">安全殼</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a>，歐盟將關閉此核電廠作為立陶宛入盟的條件，2004年底立陶宛將一號機關閉，2009年底又將二號機關閉<a href="#cite_note-nea-374">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-375">[375]</a><a href="#cite_note-businessweek-376">[376]</a>，原本計劃興建的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E8%90%A8%E5%90%89%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99" title="维萨吉纳斯核电站">維薩吉納斯核電站</a>也於<a href="/w/index.php?title=2012%E5%B9%B4%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%A0%B8%E8%83%BD%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012年立陶宛核能發電公投（页面不存在）">2012年公投</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Lithuanian_nuclear_power_referendum" class="extiw" title="en:2012 Lithuanian nuclear power referendum">2012 Lithuanian nuclear power referendum</a>）中因近65%的投票者反對而被叫停<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a><a href="#cite_note-baltic-course-20160413-378">[378]</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lietuvos_elektrin%C4%97.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Lietuvos_elektrin%C4%97.JPG/220px-Lietuvos_elektrin%C4%97.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Lietuvos_elektrin%C4%97.JPG/330px-Lietuvos_elektrin%C4%97.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Lietuvos_elektrin%C4%97.JPG/440px-Lietuvos_elektrin%C4%97.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E8%90%8A%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9%E5%80%AB%E8%89%BE%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃萊克特倫艾發電廠（页面不存在）">埃萊克特倫艾發電廠</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektr%C4%97nai_Power_Plant" class="extiw" title="en:Elektrėnai Power Plant">Elektrėnai Power Plant</a>）</figcaption></figure> 廢除核電後，立陶宛對俄羅斯的能源依賴增加<a href="#cite_note-AFP-380">[380]</a><a href="#cite_note-381">[381]</a>，主要電力來源為以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="天然氣">天然氣</a>發電的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E8%90%8A%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9%E5%80%AB%E8%89%BE%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃萊克特倫艾發電廠（页面不存在）">埃萊克特倫艾發電廠</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektr%C4%97nai_Power_Plant" class="extiw" title="en:Elektrėnai Power Plant">Elektrėnai Power Plant</a>），此外還有<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E9%81%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E8%97%BB%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%9B%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0" title="考那斯阿爾吉爾達斯·布拉藻斯卡斯水力發電廠">考那斯水力發電廠</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94%E5%9C%B0%E7%86%B1%E7%A4%BA%E7%AF%84%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0" title="克萊佩達地熱示範發電廠">克萊佩達地熱示範發電廠</a>（波羅的海地區的第一座地熱發電站<a href="#cite_note-wb1-382">[382]</a>）彌補用電缺口，2015年統計顯示立陶宛有66%的供電仰賴進口<a href="#cite_note-383">[383]</a>。 為減低對<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%94%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司">俄羅斯天然氣工業股份公司</a>的依賴<a href="#cite_note-384">[384]</a><a href="#cite_note-385">[385]</a>，立陶宛於2014年興建了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94%E6%B6%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%A3%E5%AD%98%E5%84%B2%E8%88%87%E5%86%8D%E6%B1%BD%E5%8C%96%E6%B2%B9%E5%BA%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克萊佩達液化天然氣存儲與再汽化油庫（页面不存在）">克萊佩達液化天然氣存儲與再汽化油庫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_LNG_FSRU" class="extiw" title="en:Klaipėda LNG FSRU">Klaipėda LNG FSRU</a>）（Klaipėda LNG FSRU），其中<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%A3%E8%BC%89%E9%81%8B%E8%88%B9" title="液化天然氣載運船">液化天然氣載運船</a>名為<a href="/w/index.php?title=FSRU%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E8%99%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FSRU獨立號（页面不存在）">FSRU獨立號</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FSRU_Independence" class="extiw" title="en:FSRU Independence">FSRU Independence</a>）（Independence），挪威天然氣公司<a href="/wiki/Equinor" title="Equinor">Equinor</a>於2015年至2020年間，每年向此站供應了5.4億立方公尺的天然氣<a href="#cite_note-386">[386]</a>。2015年底，連接立陶宛與瑞典的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E9%9B%BB%E7%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海底電力電纜（页面不存在）">海底電力電纜</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_power_cable" class="extiw" title="en:Submarine power cable">Submarine power cable</a>）<a href="/w/index.php?title=NordBalt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NordBalt（页面不存在）">NordBalt</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NordBalt" class="extiw" title="en:NordBalt">NordBalt</a>）和連接立陶宛與波蘭的電纜<a href="/w/index.php?title=LitPol_Link&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LitPol Link（页面不存在）">LitPol Link</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LitPol_Link" class="extiw" title="en:LitPol Link">LitPol Link</a>）完工<a href="#cite_note-387">[387]</a>，此外還有波蘭與立陶宛間的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD-%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%B2%B9%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波蘭-立陶宛油氣管道（页面不存在）">油氣管道</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_Interconnection_Poland%E2%80%93Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Gas Interconnection Poland–Lithuania">Gas Interconnection Poland–Lithuania</a>）正在興建中<a href="#cite_note-388">[388]</a>。 2016年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可再生能源">可再生能源</a>在立陶宛的佔比達20.8%<a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化">文化</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节：文化">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="立陶宛文化">立陶宛文化</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="語言">語言</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节：語言">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛語">立陶宛語</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:186px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Konstanty_Szyrwid.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Konstanty_Szyrwid.PNG/160px-Konstanty_Szyrwid.PNG" decoding="async" width="160" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Konstanty_Szyrwid.PNG/240px-Konstanty_Szyrwid.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Konstanty_Szyrwid.PNG/320px-Konstanty_Szyrwid.PNG 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="513" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">17世紀推廣立陶宛語的學者<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%94%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%92%82%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E9%81%94%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孔斯坦蒂纳斯·希爾維達斯（页面不存在）">孔斯坦蒂纳斯·希爾維達斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinas_Sirvydas" class="extiw" title="en:Konstantinas Sirvydas">Konstantinas Sirvydas</a>）</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:186px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Jonas_Jablonskis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Jonas_Jablonskis.jpg/124px-Jonas_Jablonskis.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Jonas_Jablonskis.jpg/186px-Jonas_Jablonskis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Jonas_Jablonskis.jpg/248px-Jonas_Jablonskis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="682" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">現代立陶宛語的奠基者<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%A4%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%9E%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%86%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尤纳斯·亞布隆斯基斯（页面不存在）">尤纳斯·亞布隆斯基斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Jablonskis" class="extiw" title="en:Jonas Jablonskis">Jonas Jablonskis</a>）</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oldest_surviving_writing_in_Lithuanian_language.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Oldest_surviving_writing_in_Lithuanian_language.jpg/160px-Oldest_surviving_writing_in_Lithuanian_language.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Oldest_surviving_writing_in_Lithuanian_language.jpg/240px-Oldest_surviving_writing_in_Lithuanian_language.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Oldest_surviving_writing_in_Lithuanian_language.jpg/320px-Oldest_surviving_writing_in_Lithuanian_language.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>已知最早的立陶宛語文稿，為約於1503年寫成的天主教禱告文</figcaption></figure> 立陶宛語為立陶宛的官方語言，且為歐盟官方語言之一，與<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉脫維亞語">拉脫維亞語</a>同屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="印歐語系">印歐語系</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="波罗的语族">波羅的語族</a>，但彼此無法<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7" title="相互理解性">互通</a>，有學者認為立陶宛語是印歐語系中最<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語言保守性（页面不存在）">保守</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_conservatism" class="extiw" title="en:Linguistic conservatism">Linguistic conservatism</a>）的語言，保留了許多<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E" title="原始印歐語">原始印歐語</a>的特徵<a href="#cite_note-zinkevicius-390">[390]</a>，因此立陶宛語對<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="历史比较语言学">歷史比較語言學</a>的研究以及原始印歐語的重構相當重要<a href="#cite_note-391">[391]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E6%99%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="弗兰茨·博普">弗兰茨·博普</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E8%8E%B1%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94" title="奥古斯特·施莱谢尔">奥古斯特·施莱谢尔</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%B2%91%E8%B2%9D%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿達爾伯特·貝岑貝格爾（页面不存在）">阿達爾伯特·貝岑貝格爾</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalbert_Bezzenberger" class="extiw" title="en:Adalbert Bezzenberger">Adalbert Bezzenberger</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%8F%B6%E5%B0%94%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB" title="路易·叶尔姆斯列夫">路易·叶尔姆斯列夫</a><a href="#cite_note-392">[392]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E7%B7%92%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="弗迪南·德·索緒爾">弗迪南·德·索緒爾</a>與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗拉基米尔·托波罗夫（页面不存在）">弗拉基米尔·托波罗夫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Toporov" class="extiw" title="en:Vladimir Toporov">Vladimir Toporov</a>）等語言學家均曾研究過立陶宛語<a href="#cite_note-393">[393]</a>。 立陶宛語可分為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%BD%E6%B3%B0%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧克施泰提亞方言（页面不存在）">奧克施泰提亞方言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auk%C5%A1taitian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Aukštaitian dialect">Aukštaitian dialect</a>）與<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%8E%AB%E5%90%89%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="薩莫吉提亞語">薩莫吉提亞方言</a>兩大方言，前者主要通行於立陶宛中部、南部與東部，後者則流行於西部<a href="#cite_note-auto-394">[394]</a>，因薩莫吉提亞方言使用許多和奧克施泰提亞方言不同的詞彙，有些語言學家將前者視為一獨立的語言<a href="#cite_note-395">[395]</a>，兩方言中複元音uo與ie的發音也有差異<a href="#cite_note-auto-394">[394]</a>。 立陶宛文使用稍經修改的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>書寫，在16至17世紀逐漸成熟，當時的學者<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%81%93%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米卡洛尤斯·道克沙（页面不存在）">米卡洛尤斯·道克沙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikalojus_Dauk%C5%A1a" class="extiw" title="en:Mikalojus Daukša">Mikalojus Daukša</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%A2%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯坦尼斯洛瓦斯·拉波洛尼奧斯（页面不存在）">斯坦尼斯洛瓦斯·拉波洛尼奧斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislovas_Rapolionis" class="extiw" title="en:Stanislovas Rapolionis">Stanislovas Rapolionis</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%AD%90%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿布拉歐馬斯·庫爾維埃蒂斯（页面不存在）">阿布拉歐馬斯·庫爾維埃蒂斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraomas_Kulvietis" class="extiw" title="en:Abraomas Kulvietis">Abraomas Kulvietis</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%A4%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E7%89%B9%E5%BA%AB%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尤納斯·布雷特庫納斯（页面不存在）">尤納斯·布雷特庫納斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Bretk%C5%ABnas" class="extiw" title="en:Jonas Bretkūnas">Jonas Bretkūnas</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E8%92%82%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E6%97%A5%E7%B6%AD%E9%81%94%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬爾蒂納斯·馬日維達斯（页面不存在）">馬爾蒂納斯·馬日維達斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martynas_Ma%C5%BEvydas" class="extiw" title="en:Martynas Mažvydas">Martynas Mažvydas</a>）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%94%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%92%82%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E9%81%94%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孔斯坦蒂纳斯·希爾維達斯（页面不存在）">孔斯坦蒂纳斯·希爾維達斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinas_Sirvydas" class="extiw" title="en:Konstantinas Sirvydas">Konstantinas Sirvydas</a>）等人推廣使用立陶宛語，並編纂字典與書籍<a href="#cite_note-396">[396]</a>，孔斯坦蒂纳斯·希爾維達斯於1620年左右出版了第一本立陶宛語字典，為拉丁語、波蘭語與立陶宛語的三語字典；<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E6%81%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹尼爾·克萊恩（页面不存在）">丹尼爾·克萊恩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Klein_(grammarian)" class="extiw" title="en:Daniel Klein (grammarian)">Daniel Klein (grammarian)</a>）於1653年以拉丁文出版了第一本立陶宛語的文法書《立陶宛語文法》（Grammatica Litvanica）；19世紀的語言學家<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%BD%8A%E7%B1%B3%E5%9F%83%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%A0" title="卡齊米埃拉斯·布加">卡齐米埃拉斯·布加</a>編纂了更為詳盡的20冊《<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%BE%AD%E5%85%B8" title="立陶宛學術辭典">立陶宛學術辭典</a>》<a href="#cite_note-RamonienėPribušauskaitė2019-397">[397]</a>。 20世紀作家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%A4%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%9E%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%86%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尤纳斯·亞布隆斯基斯（页面不存在）">尤纳斯·亞布隆斯基斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Jablonskis" class="extiw" title="en:Jonas Jablonskis">Jonas Jablonskis</a>）的文學作品對立陶宛語文的發展影響重大，他將字母ū引入了立陶宛文中，他考察的語言學資料至今仍為學者研究、編輯時使用的參考文獻<a href="#cite_note-398">[398]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文學">文學</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=39" title="编辑章节：文學">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ma%C5%BEvydo_Katekizmas,_Vilnius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ma%C5%BEvydo_Katekizmas%2C_Vilnius.jpg/170px-Ma%C5%BEvydo_Katekizmas%2C_Vilnius.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ma%C5%BEvydo_Katekizmas%2C_Vilnius.jpg/255px-Ma%C5%BEvydo_Katekizmas%2C_Vilnius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ma%C5%BEvydo_Katekizmas%2C_Vilnius.jpg/340px-Ma%C5%BEvydo_Katekizmas%2C_Vilnius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>第一本出版的立陶宛語書籍為馬爾蒂納斯·馬日維達斯編纂的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E5%95%8F%E7%AD%94%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教義問答概要（页面不存在）">教義問答概要</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechism_of_Martynas_Ma%C5%BEvydas" class="extiw" title="en:Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas">Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas</a>）》，於1547年出版</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radivilias.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Radivilias.jpg/170px-Radivilias.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Radivilias.jpg/255px-Radivilias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Radivilias.jpg/340px-Radivilias.jpg 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%AD%E5%88%A9%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉德維利阿斯（页面不存在）">拉德維利阿斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radivilias" class="extiw" title="en:Radivilias">Radivilias</a>）》的封面<a href="#cite_note-399">[399]</a></figcaption></figure> 早期的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛文學（页面不存在）">立陶宛文學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian literature">Lithuanian literature</a>）有許多是以<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>寫成<a href="#cite_note-400">[400]</a>，例如14世紀的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E8%BF%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格迪米納斯信件（页面不存在）">格迪米納斯信件</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letters_of_Gediminas" class="extiw" title="en:Letters of Gediminas">Letters of Gediminas</a>）與<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E9%81%93%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF" title="明道加斯">明道加斯</a>法典。16世紀初的詩人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%AF%E5%8B%9E%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E7%B4%A2%E7%B6%AD%E9%98%BF%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼可勞斯·胡索維阿努斯（页面不存在）">尼可勞斯·胡索維阿努斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_Hussowczyk" class="extiw" title="en:Mikołaj Hussowczyk">Mikołaj Hussowczyk</a>）也是以拉丁文寫作的立陶宛早期作家，他於1523年寫成的詩作《水牛外觀、野性與狩獵之詩》Carmen de statura, feritate ac venatione bisontis描述了立陶宛的自然風光與風俗，也提及了一些政治與宗教的議題<a href="#cite_note-401">[401]</a>；同年代有詩人以「立陶宛人米哈羅」（Michalo Lituanus）的筆名寫成專著《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%83%E9%9D%BC%E4%BA%BA%E3%80%81%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%87%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E9%A2%A8%E4%BF%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韃靼人、立陶宛人與莫斯科人的風俗（页面不存在）">韃靼人、立陶宛人與莫斯科人的風俗</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_moribus_tartarorum,_lituanorum_et_moscorum" class="extiw" title="en:De moribus tartarorum, lituanorum et moscorum">De moribus tartarorum, lituanorum et moscorum</a>）》，但直至1615年才出版<a href="#cite_note-el-402">[402]</a>；1560年左右維爾紐斯市長<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E6%8F%90%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E9%A0%93%E9%83%BD%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧古斯提努斯·羅頓都斯（页面不存在）">奧古斯提努斯·羅頓都斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustinus_Rotundus" class="extiw" title="en:Augustinus Rotundus">Augustinus Rotundus</a>）以拉丁文寫作立陶宛歷史，但此書今已佚失；<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%A4%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%93%A6%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尤納斯·拉德瓦納斯（页面不存在）">尤納斯·拉德瓦納斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Radvanas" class="extiw" title="en:Jonas Radvanas">Jonas Radvanas</a>）模仿<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="古羅馬">古羅馬</a>詩人<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="維吉爾">維吉爾</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%AF%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="艾尼亞斯紀">艾尼亞斯紀</a>》寫作了拉丁文長篇<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A9%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="史詩">史詩</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%AD%E5%88%A9%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉德維利阿斯（页面不存在）">拉德維利阿斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radivilias" class="extiw" title="en:Radivilias">Radivilias</a>）》，歌頌立陶宛大公國貴族<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%A7%91%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%8A%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E9%BD%8A%E7%B6%AD%E7%83%8F_(1512%E5%B9%B4)" title="米科瓦伊·拉齊維烏 (1512年)">米科瓦伊·拉齊維烏</a>在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%8F%E6%8B%89%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烏拉之戰（页面不存在）">烏拉之戰</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ula" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Ula">Battle of Ula</a>）（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E7%AA%A9%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="立窩尼亞戰爭">立窩尼亞戰爭</a>）戰勝沙俄<a href="#cite_note-403">[403]</a>。17世紀仍有立陶宛作家以拉丁文寫作，如著有許多神學與音樂書籍的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E5%90%89%E6%9B%BC%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E7%B1%B3%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日吉曼塔斯·利奧克斯米納斯（页面不存在）">日吉曼塔斯·利奧克斯米納斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDygimantas_Liauksminas" class="extiw" title="en:Žygimantas Liauksminas">Žygimantas Liauksminas</a>）<a href="#cite_note-404">[404]</a>。 16世紀開始出現了以立陶宛語寫作的書籍，以神學書籍為主。1547年馬爾蒂納斯·馬日維達斯編纂、出版了第一本立陶宛語書籍《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E5%95%8F%E7%AD%94%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教義問答概要（页面不存在）">教義問答概要</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechism_of_Martynas_Ma%C5%BEvydas" class="extiw" title="en:Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas">Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas</a>）》<a href="#cite_note-Vanags-405">[405]</a><a href="#cite_note-406">[406]</a>，為基於<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="馬丁路德">馬丁路德</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%8F%E5%95%8F%E7%AD%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="路德小問答（页面不存在）">路德小問答</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luther%27s_Small_Catechism" class="extiw" title="en:Luther's Small Catechism">Luther's Small Catechism</a>）》的波蘭語譯本而編成，不久後米卡洛尤斯·道克沙也將耶穌會教士亞科伯·雷德斯馬（Jacobo Ledesma）所著的教義問答翻譯成立陶宛語出版<a href="#cite_note-Smetonienė2017-407">[407]</a>。 18世紀詩人<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E7%B4%84%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%A7%E8%90%8A%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF" title="克里斯蒂約納斯·多內萊蒂斯">克里斯蒂約納斯·多內萊蒂斯</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E8%92%99%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="啟蒙運動">啟蒙運動</a>時期的重要立陶宛作家，其詩作《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E5%AD%A3_(%E8%A9%A9%E4%BD%9C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四季 (詩作)（页面不存在）">四季</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seasons_(poem)" class="extiw" title="en:The Seasons (poem)">The Seasons (poem)</a>）》以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E6%AD%A5%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="六步格（页面不存在）">六步格</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hexameter" class="extiw" title="en:hexameter">hexameter</a>）寫成<a href="#cite_note-INST-408">[408]</a>，是首個立陶宛語的虛構文學作品。19世紀初立陶宛文學受<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="古典主義">古典主義</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E4%BC%A4%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="感伤主义">感傷主義</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="浪漫主義">浪漫主義</a>等思潮影響，重要作家有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥洛尼斯（页面不存在）">麥洛尼斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maironis" class="extiw" title="en:Maironis">Maironis</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%A1%94%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安塔纳斯·巴拉纳斯卡斯（页面不存在）">安塔纳斯·巴拉纳斯卡斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antanas_Baranauskas" class="extiw" title="en:Antanas Baranauskas">Antanas Baranauskas</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%8E%AB%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%81%93%E5%9D%8E%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF" title="西莫納斯·道坎塔斯">西莫納斯·道坎塔斯</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E6%B4%9B%E4%BB%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧斯卡·米洛什（页面不存在）">奧斯卡·米洛什</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Milosz" class="extiw" title="en:Oscar Milosz">Oscar Milosz</a>）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%A7%E7%B6%AD%E4%B8%98%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西蒙納斯·斯坦內維丘斯（页面不存在）">西蒙納斯·斯坦內維丘斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simonas_Stanevi%C4%8Dius" class="extiw" title="en:Simonas Stanevičius">Simonas Stanevičius</a>）等<a href="#cite_note-INST-408">[408]</a>。十九世紀末沙俄頒布<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%9B%B8%E5%88%8A%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4" title="立陶宛書刊禁令">立陶宛書刊禁令</a>，查禁所有以拉丁字母印刷的立陶宛語出版物，有許多<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D%E8%B5%B0%E7%A7%81%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛書籍走私者（页面不存在）">書籍走私者</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_book_smugglers" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian book smugglers">Lithuanian book smugglers</a>）私下傳播立陶宛語書刊，使立陶宛語免於消亡<a href="#cite_note-409">[409]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="建築">建築</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=40" title="编辑章节：建築">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grycia,_2007-04-21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/220px-Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/330px-Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/440px-Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1469" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption>立陶宛傳統的住屋<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87%E9%98%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格里奇阿（页面不存在）">格里奇阿</a>（立陶宛语：<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gry%C4%8Dia" class="extiw" title="lt:Gryčia">Gryčia</a>），建於19世紀</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilno_Katedra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Wilno_Katedra.jpg/180px-Wilno_Katedra.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Wilno_Katedra.jpg/270px-Wilno_Katedra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Wilno_Katedra.jpg/360px-Wilno_Katedra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="維爾紐斯主教座堂">維爾紐斯主教座堂</a>建於18世紀末，由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E9%87%8C%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%87%E7%B6%AD%E4%B8%98%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勞里納斯·古采維丘斯（页面不存在）">勞里納斯·古采維丘斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurynas_Gucevi%C4%8Dius" class="extiw" title="en:Laurynas Gucevičius">Laurynas Gucevičius</a>）設計，為新古典主義建築 </figcaption></figure> 立陶宛境內有約20座<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛城堡列表（页面不存在）">城堡</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:List of castles in Lithuania">List of castles in Lithuania</a>），還有許多古代<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛貴族（页面不存在）">貴族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_nobility" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian nobility">Lithuanian nobility</a>）的宮殿與莊園，許多留存至今<a href="#cite_note-410">[410]</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%A4%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澤爾維諾斯（页面不存在）">澤爾維諾斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zervynos" class="extiw" title="en:Zervynos">Zervynos</a>）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%BC%E4%BB%80%E5%9F%BA%E8%89%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡皮尼什基艾（页面不存在）">卡皮尼什基艾</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapini%C5%A1kiai" class="extiw" title="en:Kapiniškiai">Kapiniškiai</a>）為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%9D%91_(%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民族村 (歐洲)（页面不存在）">民族村</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnographic_village" class="extiw" title="en:Ethnographic village">Ethnographic village</a>），保留了許多歷史悠久的老屋<a href="#cite_note-411">[411]</a>。 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%9E%E6%AF%94%E8%8C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="約翰·克里斯托夫·格勞比茨（页面不存在）">約翰·克里斯托夫·格勞比茨</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Glaubitz" class="extiw" title="en:Johann Christoph Glaubitz">Johann Christoph Glaubitz</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E6%AC%BD%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%B4%8D%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬爾欽·克納夫斯（页面不存在）">馬爾欽·克納夫斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcin_Knackfus" class="extiw" title="en:Marcin Knackfus">Marcin Knackfus</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E9%87%8C%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%87%E7%B6%AD%E4%B8%98%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勞里納斯·古采維丘斯（页面不存在）">勞里納斯·古采維丘斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurynas_Gucevi%C4%8Dius" class="extiw" title="en:Laurynas Gucevičius">Laurynas Gucevičius</a>）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karol_Podczaszy%C5%84ski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karol Podczaszyński（页面不存在）">Karol Podczaszyński</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol_Podczaszy%C5%84ski" class="extiw" title="en:Karol Podczaszyński">Karol Podczaszyński</a>）等17至19世紀的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%B8%AB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛建築師列表（页面不存在）">立陶宛建築師</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lithuanian_architects" class="extiw" title="en:List of Lithuanian architects">List of Lithuanian architects</a>）將<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="巴洛克建筑">巴洛克</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" class="mw-redirect" title="新古典主義建築">新古典</a>的建築引入立陶宛<a href="#cite_note-412">[412]</a>，使維爾紐斯成為東歐巴洛克風格的重鎮<a href="#cite_note-413">[413]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E8%88%8A%E5%9F%8E" title="維爾紐斯舊城">維爾紐斯舊城</a>因建有大量巴洛克式教堂等建築而獲選為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="世界文化遺產">世界文化遺產</a><a href="#cite_note-414">[414]</a>。 一戰後的<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E9%96%93%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="戰間期">戰間期</a>立陶宛的臨時首都考那斯建了許多<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%9D%E9%A3%BE%E9%A2%A8%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="裝飾風藝術">裝飾風</a>與立陶宛民族浪滿主義風格的建築，為歐洲裝飾風建築的代表之一，獲選<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲遗产标识（页面不存在）">欧洲遗产标识</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Heritage_Label" class="extiw" title="en:European Heritage Label">European Heritage Label</a>）<a href="#cite_note-415">[415]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="戲劇">戲劇</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=41" title="编辑章节：戲劇">编辑</a>]</div> 立陶宛主要的戲劇院包括維爾紐斯的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2" title="立陶宛國家劇院">立陶宛國家劇院</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E8%88%8A%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4" title="維爾紐斯舊劇場">維爾紐斯舊劇場</a>、考那斯的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="考那斯國家劇院（页面不存在）">考那斯國家劇院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaunas_State_Drama_Theatre" class="extiw" title="en:Kaunas State Drama Theatre">Kaunas State Drama Theatre</a>）和克萊佩達的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克萊佩達劇院（页面不存在）">克萊佩達劇院</a>（立陶宛语：<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaip%C4%97dos_dramos_teatras" class="extiw" title="lt:Klaipėdos dramos teatras">Klaipėdos dramos teatras</a>）等<a href="#cite_note-416">[416]</a>；著名劇團包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8A%87%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="怪人劇團（页面不存在）">怪人劇團</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keistuoli%C5%B3_Teatras" class="extiw" title="en:Keistuolių Teatras">Keistuolių Teatras</a>）以及劇作家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E7%88%BE%E8%98%87%E8%AB%BE%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧斯卡拉斯·科爾蘇諾瓦斯（页面不存在）">奧斯卡拉斯·科爾蘇諾瓦斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskaras_Kor%C5%A1unovas" class="extiw" title="en:Oskaras Koršunovas">Oskaras Koršunovas</a>）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%89%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E7%93%A6%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吉蒂斯·伊瓦納斯卡斯（页面不存在）">吉蒂斯·伊瓦納斯卡斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gytis_Ivanauskas" class="extiw" title="en:Gytis Ivanauskas">Gytis Ivanauskas</a>）的劇團等；Sirenos（意為警報器）、TheATRIUM與Nerk į teatrą（意為潛入戲院）等為立陶宛重要的戲劇節<a href="#cite_note-417">[417]</a><a href="#cite_note-418">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-419">[419]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="音樂">音樂</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=42" title="编辑章节：音樂">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dainu_svente_2009-07-06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dainu_svente_2009-07-06.jpg/220px-Dainu_svente_2009-07-06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dainu_svente_2009-07-06.jpg/330px-Dainu_svente_2009-07-06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dainu_svente_2009-07-06.jpg/440px-Dainu_svente_2009-07-06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2534" data-file-height="1698" /></a><figcaption>2009年的立陶宛音樂節</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis_photo_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis_photo_portrait.jpg/150px-Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis_photo_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis_photo_portrait.jpg/225px-Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis_photo_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis_photo_portrait.jpg/300px-Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis_photo_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1135" data-file-height="1621" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%AD%94%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%92%82%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%B8%98%E5%B0%94%E5%BB%96%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="米卡洛尤斯·孔斯坦蒂纳斯·丘尔廖尼斯">米卡洛尤斯·孔斯坦蒂纳斯·丘尔廖尼斯</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛傳統音樂（页面不存在）">立陶宛傳統音樂</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_folk_music" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian folk music">Lithuanian folk music</a>）為波羅的音樂的一支，使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%A5%E5%BC%A6%E6%A8%82%E5%99%A8" title="撥弦樂器">撥弦樂器</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%8B%92%E7%90%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="康科勒琴（页面不存在）">康科勒琴</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kankl%C4%97s" class="extiw" title="en:Kanklės">Kanklės</a>））與<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E6%A8%82%E5%99%A8" title="管樂器">管樂器</a>，傳統音樂多用於風俗儀式，包含一些多神異教信仰的元素，可因地區分為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AE%E9%9F%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="單音 (音樂)（页面不存在）">單音</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/monophony" class="extiw" title="en:monophony">monophony</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%95%B0%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="異音（页面不存在）">異音</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/heterophony" class="extiw" title="en:heterophony">heterophony</a>）與<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="複音音樂">複音</a>（如蘇塔廷內斯 Sutartinės）三種型式<a href="#cite_note-420">[420]</a><a href="#cite_note-421">[421]</a>。1924年第一屆<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛音樂節（页面不存在）">立陶宛音樂節</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Song_Festival" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian Song Festival">Lithuanian Song Festival</a>）於考那斯舉辦，1990年起音樂節每四年舉辦一次，每年均吸引約三萬名傳統歌舞的表演者前來參加<a href="#cite_note-422">[422]</a>，2003年立陶宛與愛沙尼亞和拉脫維亞的音樂節共同入選<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%A3%E8%BF%B0%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%9E%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E4%BD%9C%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95" title="人类口述和非物质遗产代表作名录">人類口述和非物質遺產代表作名錄</a><a href="#cite_note-423">[423]</a>。 1636年9月4日，數名義大利<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="歌劇">歌劇</a>家在波蘭國王<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%AB%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦迪斯瓦夫四世">瓦迪斯瓦夫四世</a>邀請下，於<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%AE" title="立陶宛大公宮">立陶宛大公宮</a>演出歌劇，為立陶宛首次的歌劇演出<a href="#cite_note-424">[424]</a>。現時維爾紐斯的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87%E5%92%8C%E8%8A%AD%E8%95%BE%E8%88%9E%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2" title="立陶宛國家歌劇和芭蕾舞劇院">立陶宛國家歌劇和芭蕾舞劇院</a>有歌劇演出，為立陶宛的重要演出場地，由獨立藝術家組成的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維爾紐斯城市歌劇團（页面不存在）">維爾紐斯城市歌劇團</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius_City_Opera" class="extiw" title="en:Vilnius City Opera">Vilnius City Opera</a>）也有歌劇演出<a href="#cite_note-425">[425]</a>。 19世紀末的藝術家<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%AD%94%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%92%82%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%B8%98%E5%B0%94%E5%BB%96%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="米卡洛尤斯·孔斯坦蒂纳斯·丘尔廖尼斯">米卡洛尤斯·孔斯坦蒂纳斯·丘尔廖尼斯</a>為立陶宛歷史上重要的畫家與作曲家，在他35年的人生中創作了超過200首歌曲，對立陶宛文化帶來重要影響，為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="象徵主義">象徵主義</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="新藝術運動">新藝術運動</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%9C%AB" title="世紀末">世紀末</a>藝術的代表人物，還被認為是歐洲抽象藝術的先驅之一<a href="#cite_note-426">[426]</a>。1970年代<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E5%A1%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%B8%98%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布罗纽斯·库塔维丘斯（页面不存在）">布罗纽斯·库塔维丘斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronius_Kutavi%C4%8Dius" class="extiw" title="en:Bronius Kutavičius">Bronius Kutavičius</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E9%81%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E8%80%83%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧斯瓦爾達斯·巴拉考斯卡斯（页面不存在）">奧斯瓦爾達斯·巴拉考斯卡斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osvaldas_Balakauskas" class="extiw" title="en:Osvaldas Balakauskas">Osvaldas Balakauskas</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%8A%AA%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E5%B8%83%E6%B3%B0%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥努特·纳布泰特（页面不存在）">奥努特·纳布泰特</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onut%C4%97_Narbutait%C4%97" class="extiw" title="en:Onutė Narbutaitė">Onutė Narbutaitė</a>）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E5%BE%B7%E6%9B%BC%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%9C%96%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維德曼塔斯·巴圖利斯（页面不存在）">維德曼塔斯·巴圖利斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidmantas_Bartulis" class="extiw" title="en:Vidmantas Bartulis">Vidmantas Bartulis</a>）等新世代的作曲家逐漸登上舞台，他們嘗試將現代<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E7%B0%A1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="極簡主義">極簡主義</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新浪漫主義 (音樂)（页面不存在）">新浪漫主義</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoromanticism_(music)" class="extiw" title="en:Neoromanticism (music)">Neoromanticism (music)</a>）與立陶宛傳統音樂結合，以創造新的曲風<a href="#cite_note-427">[427]</a> ；同時期<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%A7%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維亞切斯拉夫·加內林（页面不存在）">維亞切斯拉夫·加內林</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyacheslav_Ganelin" class="extiw" title="en:Vyacheslav Ganelin">Vyacheslav Ganelin</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗拉基米拉斯·塔拉索瓦斯（页面不存在）">弗拉基米拉斯·塔拉索瓦斯</a>（立陶宛语：<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimiras_Tarasovas" class="extiw" title="lt:Vladimiras Tarasovas">Vladimiras Tarasovas</a>）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%88%87%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗拉基米拉斯·切卡西納斯（页面不存在）">弗拉基米拉斯·切卡西納斯</a>（立陶宛语：<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimiras_%C4%8Cekasinas" class="extiw" title="lt:Vladimiras Čekasinas">Vladimiras Čekasinas</a>）三位<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B5%E5%A3%AB%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" class="mw-redirect" title="爵士音乐">爵士音樂</a>家的組合（加內林/塔拉索瓦斯/切卡西納斯三人組）奠定了維爾紐斯爵士樂派的基礎<a href="#cite_note-428">[428]</a>，立陶宛今有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E7%88%B5%E5%A3%AB%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維爾紐斯爵士音樂節（页面不存在）">維爾紐斯爵士音樂節</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius_Jazz_Festival" class="extiw" title="en:Vilnius Jazz Festival">Vilnius Jazz Festival</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF%E7%88%B5%E5%A3%AB%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="考那斯爵士音樂節（页面不存在）">考那斯爵士音樂節</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaunas_Jazz" class="extiw" title="en:Kaunas Jazz">Kaunas Jazz</a>）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%80%E6%89%98%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%88%B5%E5%A3%AB%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比爾什托納斯爵士音樂節（页面不存在）">比爾什托納斯爵士音樂節</a>（立陶宛语：<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir%C5%A1tonas_Jazz" class="extiw" title="lt:Birštonas Jazz">Birštonas Jazz</a>）等藝術活動<a href="#cite_note-429">[429]</a><a href="#cite_note-430">[430]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E5%94%B1" title="合唱">合唱</a>也是立陶宛文化的重要元素，維爾紐斯是迄今唯一出過三個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%85%AD%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%88%E5%94%B1%E8%81%94%E8%B5%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲六大合唱联赛（页面不存在）">欧洲六大合唱联赛</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Grand_Prix_for_Choral_Singing" class="extiw" title="en:European Grand Prix for Choral Singing">European Grand Prix for Choral Singing</a>）優勝合唱團的城市<a href="#cite_note-431">[431]</a>。 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛音樂資訊中心（页面不存在）">立陶宛音樂資訊中心</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Information_Centre_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Music Information Centre Lithuania">Music Information Centre Lithuania</a>）（LMIC）為在國內外推廣立陶宛音樂的非營利組織<a href="#cite_note-432">[432]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="搖滾/抗爭音樂">搖滾/抗爭音樂</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=43" title="编辑章节：搖滾/抗爭音樂">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antis_rock_band_on_stage_during_the_first_edition_of_the_Rock_March_(Vilnius,_Lithuania,_1987).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Antis_rock_band_on_stage_during_the_first_edition_of_the_Rock_March_%28Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1987%29.jpg/220px-Antis_rock_band_on_stage_during_the_first_edition_of_the_Rock_March_%28Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1987%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Antis_rock_band_on_stage_during_the_first_edition_of_the_Rock_March_%28Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1987%29.jpg/330px-Antis_rock_band_on_stage_during_the_first_edition_of_the_Rock_March_%28Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1987%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Antis_rock_band_on_stage_during_the_first_edition_of_the_Rock_March_%28Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1987%29.jpg/440px-Antis_rock_band_on_stage_during_the_first_edition_of_the_Rock_March_%28Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1987%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2431" data-file-height="1626" /></a><figcaption>搖滾樂團<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安蒂斯（页面不存在）">安蒂斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antis" class="extiw" title="en:Antis">Antis</a>）於1987年的演出</figcaption></figure> 1944年蘇聯佔領立陶宛後，立陶宛的藝術創作受<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯審查制度（页面不存在）">蘇聯審查制度</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="extiw" title="en:Censorship in the Soviet Union">Censorship in the Soviet Union</a>）限制，任何批評政府的藝術均遭查禁<a href="#cite_note-433">[433]</a> 。1965立陶宛的第一批<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%90%96%E6%BB%BE%E6%A8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛搖滾樂（页面不存在）">搖滾樂團</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_music_in_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Rock music in Lithuania">Rock music in Lithuania</a>）成型，包括考那斯的<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kertukai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kertukai（页面不存在）">Kertukai</a>（立陶宛语：<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertukai" class="extiw" title="lt:Kertukai">Kertukai</a>）、Aitvarai與Nuogi ant slenksčio，以及維爾紐斯的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%A1%94%E5%85%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凱斯圖蒂斯·安塔內利斯（页面不存在）">凱斯圖蒂斯·安塔內利斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%99stutis_Antan%C4%97lis" class="extiw" title="en:Kęstutis Antanėlis">Kęstutis Antanėlis</a>）、Vienuoliai與Gėlių Vaikai。1987年至1989年立陶宛音樂家舉辦了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%90%96%E6%BB%BE%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="搖滾遊行（页面不存在）">搖滾遊行</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roko_mar%C5%A1as" class="extiw" title="en:Roko maršas">Roko maršas</a>）（Roko maršas）音樂節，在歌曲中加入了暗諷時政的比喻<a href="#cite_note-434">[434]</a><a href="#cite_note-435">[435]</a>，為促成波羅的三國獨立之<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="歌唱革命">歌唱革命</a>的重要一環<a href="#cite_note-savuk-436">[436]</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E9%81%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%80%83%E6%96%AF%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿爾吉爾達斯·考斯佩達斯（页面不存在）">阿爾吉爾達斯·考斯佩達斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algirdas_Kau%C5%A1p%C4%97das" class="extiw" title="en:Algirdas Kaušpėdas">Algirdas Kaušpėdas</a>）擔任團長的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="后现代">後現代</a>搖滾樂團<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安蒂斯（页面不存在）">安蒂斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antis" class="extiw" title="en:Antis">Antis</a>）（Antis）為當時最活躍的樂團之一，在其歌曲〈殭屍〉（Zombiai ）中即有關於蘇聯紅軍佔領立陶宛、在<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E6%A2%85%E7%88%BE%E8%93%8B" title="烏克梅爾蓋">烏克梅爾蓋</a>駐軍的歌詞<a href="#cite_note-437">[437]</a><a href="#cite_note-438">[438]</a>；<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E9%99%B6%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維陶塔斯·凱爾納吉斯（页面不存在）">維陶塔斯·凱爾納吉斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Kernagis" class="extiw" title="en:Vytautas Kernagis">Vytautas Kernagis</a>）的歌曲〈科羅拉多金花蟲〉（Kolorado vabalai）中，金花蟲暗指配戴<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E7%B5%B2%E5%B8%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="喬治絲帶">近衛軍絲帶</a>的蘇聯人<a href="#cite_note-439">[439]</a>。 立陶宛甫獨立時，搖滾樂團<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foje（页面不存在）">Foje</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foje" class="extiw" title="en:Foje">Foje</a>）風靡一時，其演唱會吸引上萬人進場<a href="#cite_note-440">[440]</a>，1997年樂團解散後，原吉他手<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%95%99%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E8%92%99%E6%89%98%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安德留斯·馬蒙托瓦斯（页面不存在）">安德留斯·馬蒙托瓦斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrius_Mamontovas" class="extiw" title="en:Andrius Mamontovas">Andrius Mamontovas</a>）仍是立陶宛樂壇的重要人物<a href="#cite_note-441">[441]</a>。 另一名歌手<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E7%B4%84%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%BA%AB%E5%A1%94%E7%B6%AD%E4%B8%98%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬里約納斯·米庫塔維丘斯（页面不存在）">馬里約納斯·米庫塔維丘斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijonas_Mikutavi%C4%8Dius" class="extiw" title="en:Marijonas Mikutavičius">Marijonas Mikutavičius</a>）創作了立陶宛體壇國歌〈<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E7%99%BE%E8%90%AC_(%E6%AD%8C%E6%9B%B2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三百萬 (歌曲)（页面不存在）">三百萬</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trys_Milijonai" class="extiw" title="en:Trys Milijonai">Trys Milijonai</a>）〉與<a href="/wiki/2011%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%B1%83%E7%90%83%E9%8C%A6%E6%A8%99%E8%B3%BD" title="2011年歐洲籃球錦標賽">2011年歐洲籃球錦標賽</a>（立陶宛主辦）的主題曲Nebetyli sirgaliai<a href="#cite_note-442">[442]</a><a href="#cite_note-443">[443]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="飲食">飲食</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=44" title="编辑章节：飲食">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="立陶宛飲食">立陶宛飲食</a></div> 立陶宛料理與北歐料理相似，但仍頗具自己的特色，使用的素材包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="大麥">大麥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%88%B4%E8%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="馬鈴薯">馬鈴薯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="黑麥">黑麥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9C%E8%8F%9C" title="甜菜">甜菜</a>、蔬菜、漿果及<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%91%E8%8F%87" class="mw-redirect" title="蘑菇">蘑菇</a>等本地農產品，沿海地區也常有魚類料理<a href="#cite_note-444">[444]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B7%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="起司">起司</a>、酸奶、<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E5%A5%B6%E6%B2%B9" title="酸奶油">酸奶油</a>與奶油等也是重要的飲食元素；傳統料理中的肉類主要為醃製，如煙燻香腸、火腿、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E8%98%AD%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%E9%A6%99%E8%85%B8" title="斯基蘭迪斯香腸">斯基蘭迪斯香腸</a>等；湯品則有<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E8%82%9D%E8%8F%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="牛肝菌">牛肝菌</a>湯、白菜湯、甜菜湯、牛奶湯與數種粥品<a href="#cite_note-445">[445]</a><a href="#cite_note-446">[446]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%BA%A6%E9%9D%A2%E5%8C%85" title="黑麦面包">黑麥麵包</a>為立陶宛傳統料理的主食，早餐、午餐與晚餐均會食用，並在傳統祭儀中扮演重要角色<a href="#cite_note-447">[447]</a>。 立陶宛料理受<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="德國飲食">德國飲食</a>影響，引入了許多豬肉與馬鈴薯製品，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%90%E9%BB%91%E5%B8%83%E4%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東歐黑布丁（页面不存在）">東歐黑布丁</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kishka_(food)" class="extiw" title="en:Kishka (food)">Kishka (food)</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%A6%AC%E9%88%B4%E8%96%AF%E5%B8%83%E4%B8%81" title="立陶宛馬鈴薯布丁">立陶宛馬鈴薯布丁</a>與傳統甜點<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%B9%E8%9B%8B%E7%B3%95" title="樹蛋糕">樹蛋糕</a>，而傳統肉餃<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E6%AF%94%E5%A5%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基比奈（页面不存在）">基比奈</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibinai" class="extiw" title="en:Kibinai">Kibinai</a>）則源於信奉<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太教">猶太教</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%BA" title="卡拉伊姆人">卡拉伊姆人</a><a href="#cite_note-448">[448]</a>。另外因過去許多立陶宛貴族聘用法國廚師，立陶宛飲食也受<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="法國飲食">法國飲食</a>的影響<a href="#cite_note-449">[449]</a>。 波羅的人製作<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E8%9C%9C%E9%85%92" title="蜂蜜酒">蜂蜜酒</a>已有上千年歷史<a href="#cite_note-450">[450]</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛啤酒（页面不存在）">啤酒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_in_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Beer in Lithuania">Beer in Lithuania</a>）為現今立陶宛最受歡迎的酒精飲料，早在11世紀即有農家釀造啤酒的紀錄，被用於傳統祭儀中<a href="#cite_note-451">[451]</a>，近代立陶宛人則以農家釀造為基礎，開發了商業釀造啤酒的生產模式<a href="#cite_note-452">[452]</a><a href="#cite_note-453">[453]</a>。根據2015年統計，立陶宛為歐洲單位人口啤酒飲用量第五高的國家<a href="#cite_note-454">[454]</a>。 <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="width:100%;text-align:center;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Juoda_duona.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="立陶宛黑麥麵包"><img alt="立陶宛黑麥麵包" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Juoda_duona.JPG/160px-Juoda_duona.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Juoda_duona.JPG/240px-Juoda_duona.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Juoda_duona.JPG/320px-Juoda_duona.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3247" data-file-height="2071" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">立陶宛<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%BA%A6%E9%9D%A2%E5%8C%85" title="黑麦面包">黑麥麵包</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bir%C5%BE%C5%B3_1686_Jubiliejinis_Alus_(9834933134).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="立陶宛釀造啤酒（英语：Beer in Lithuania）的傳統歷史悠久"><img alt="立陶宛釀造啤酒（英语：Beer in Lithuania）的傳統歷史悠久" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bir%C5%BE%C5%B3_1686_Jubiliejinis_Alus_%289834933134%29.jpg/120px-Bir%C5%BE%C5%B3_1686_Jubiliejinis_Alus_%289834933134%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bir%C5%BE%C5%B3_1686_Jubiliejinis_Alus_%289834933134%29.jpg/180px-Bir%C5%BE%C5%B3_1686_Jubiliejinis_Alus_%289834933134%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bir%C5%BE%C5%B3_1686_Jubiliejinis_Alus_%289834933134%29.jpg/240px-Bir%C5%BE%C5%B3_1686_Jubiliejinis_Alus_%289834933134%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">立陶宛<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛啤酒（页面不存在）">釀造啤酒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_in_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="en:Beer in Lithuania">Beer in Lithuania</a>）的傳統歷史悠久</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Karm%C4%97lavos_Cepelinas.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="立陶宛飲食的代表料理Cepelinai，由馬鈴薯、絞肉、奶油與蘑菇製成"><img alt="立陶宛飲食的代表料理Cepelinai，由馬鈴薯、絞肉、奶油與蘑菇製成" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Karm%C4%97lavos_Cepelinas.JPG/160px-Karm%C4%97lavos_Cepelinas.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Karm%C4%97lavos_Cepelinas.JPG/240px-Karm%C4%97lavos_Cepelinas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Karm%C4%97lavos_Cepelinas.JPG/320px-Karm%C4%97lavos_Cepelinas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">立陶宛飲食的代表料理<a href="/wiki/Cepelinai" title="Cepelinai">Cepelinai</a>，由馬鈴薯、絞肉、奶油與蘑菇製成</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="媒體">媒體</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=45" title="编辑章节：媒體">编辑</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LRT_dark.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/LRT_dark.png/130px-LRT_dark.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/LRT_dark.png/195px-LRT_dark.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/LRT_dark.png/260px-LRT_dark.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" title="立陶宛國家廣播電視台">立陶宛國家廣播電視台</a>標誌</figcaption></figure> 根據2018年統計，立陶宛銷量最大的報紙為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%97%A9%E5%A0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛早報（页面不存在）">立陶宛早報</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuvos_rytas" class="extiw" title="en:Lietuvos rytas">Lietuvos rytas</a>）（市佔18.8%），政治立場偏向自由派<a href="#cite_note-et-455">[455]</a>，其他依序為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%99%9A%E9%96%93%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛晚間新聞（页面不存在）">立陶宛晚間新聞</a>（立陶宛语：<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakaro_%C5%BEinios" class="extiw" title="lt:Vakaro žinios">Vakaro žinios</a>）（12.5%）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="考那斯日報（页面不存在）">考那斯日報</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauno_diena" class="extiw" title="en:Kauno diena">Kauno diena</a>）（3.7%）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%89%BE%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E5%A0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希奧利艾地區報（页面不存在）">希奧利艾地區報</a>（立陶宛语：<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iauli%C5%B3_kra%C5%A1tas" class="extiw" title="lt:Šiaulių kraštas">Šiaulių kraštas</a>）（3.2%）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E5%BF%AB%E5%A0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西部快報（页面不存在）">西部快報</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakar%C5%B3_ekspresas" class="extiw" title="en:Vakarų ekspresas">Vakarų ekspresas</a>）（2.7%）等；銷量最大的週報為〈本週〉（Savaitė，34%），其他依序為〈民眾〉（Žmonės，17%）與Prie kavos（11.9%）等<a href="#cite_note-456">[456]</a>；收視率最高的電視台為<a href="/w/index.php?title=TV3_(%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TV3 (立陶宛)（页面不存在）">TV3</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV3_(Lithuania)" class="extiw" title="en:TV3 (Lithuania)">TV3 (Lithuania)</a>）（35.9%），其他依序為<a href="/w/index.php?title=LNK%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LNK電視台（页面不存在）">LNK電視台</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LNK_(television_station)" class="extiw" title="en:LNK (television station)">LNK (television station)</a>）（32.8%）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" title="立陶宛國家廣播電視台">立陶宛國家廣播電視台</a>（30.6%）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=BTV%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BTV電視台（页面不存在）">BTV電視台</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTV_(Lithuania)" class="extiw" title="en:BTV (Lithuania)">BTV (Lithuania)</a>）（19.9%）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%99%A8%E9%96%93%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛晨間電視台（页面不存在）">立陶宛晨間電視台</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuvos_rytas_TV" class="extiw" title="en:Lietuvos rytas TV">Lietuvos rytas TV</a>）（19.1%）<a href="#cite_note-457">[457]</a>；最多人收聽的廣播電台依序為<a href="/w/index.php?title=M1%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M1廣播電台（页面不存在）">M1廣播電台</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-1_(Lithuanian_radio_station)" class="extiw" title="en:M-1 (Lithuanian radio station)">M-1 (Lithuanian radio station)</a>）（15.8%）、Lietus（12.2%）、LRT廣播電台（10.5%）與Radiocentras（10.5%）<a href="#cite_note-458">[458]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="節日">節日</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=46" title="编辑章节：節日">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kziuko_muge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kziuko_muge.jpg/220px-Kziuko_muge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kziuko_muge.jpg/330px-Kziuko_muge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kziuko_muge.jpg/440px-Kziuko_muge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>2007年的聖加西彌祿市集</figcaption></figure> 立陶宛有兩個<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%85%B6%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="國慶日">國慶日</a>，一為<a href="/wiki/2%E6%9C%8816%E6%97%A5" title="2月16日">2月16日</a>，紀念1918年<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="立陶宛獨立法案">立陶宛獨立法案</a>簽署的日期，另一為<a href="/wiki/7%E6%9C%886%E6%97%A5" title="7月6日">7月6日</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛國家日（页面不存在）">立陶宛國家日</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statehood_Day_(Lithuania)" class="extiw" title="en:Statehood Day (Lithuania)">Statehood Day (Lithuania)</a>）），紀念1253年<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E9%81%93%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF" title="明道加斯">明道加斯</a>建立<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛王國">立陶宛王國</a>；<a href="/wiki/6%E6%9C%8824%E6%97%A5" title="6月24日">6月24日</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E7%B4%84%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖約納斯節（页面不存在）">聖約納斯節</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Jonas%27s_Festival" class="extiw" title="en:Saint Jonas's Festival">Saint Jonas's Festival</a>）（仲夏節）是源於多神異教信仰慶祝<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E8%87%B3" title="夏至">夏至</a>的節日。截至2018年，立陶宛全年共有13個<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%9A%E5%81%87%E6%97%A5" title="立陶宛國定假日">國定假日</a><a href="#cite_note-459">[459]</a>： <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%"> <caption>立陶宛國定假日列表 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>日期</th> <th>中文名</th> <th>原文名</th> <th>備註 </th></tr> <tr> <td>1月1日</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%97%A6" title="元旦">元旦</a></td> <td>Naujieji metai</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>2月16日</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="立陶宛獨立法案">立陶宛獨立日</a></td> <td>Lietuvos valstybės atkūrimo diena</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>3月11日</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%BE%A9%E5%9C%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="立陶宛復國法案">立陶宛復國日</a></td> <td>Lietuvos nepriklausomybės atkūrimo diena</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>3月21日當日或之後，出現月圓後的第一個星期日</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E6%B4%BB%E7%AF%80" title="復活節">復活節</a></td> <td>Velykos</td> <td>紀念<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣</a>復活 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5月1日</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E8%8A%82" title="国际劳动节">国际劳动节</a></td> <td>Tarptautinė darbo diena </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>五月第一個星期日</td> <td>母親節</td> <td>Motinos diena</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>六月第一個星期日</td> <td>父親節</td> <td>Tėvo diena</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>6月24日</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E7%B4%84%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖約納斯節（页面不存在）">聖約納斯節</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Jonas%27s_Festival" class="extiw" title="en:Saint Jonas's Festival">Saint Jonas's Festival</a>）（仲夏節）</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonin%C4%97s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joninės（页面不存在）">Joninės</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonin%C4%97s" class="extiw" title="en:Joninės">Joninės</a>）, Rasos</td> <td>源於多神異教信仰的節慶 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7月6日</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛國家日（页面不存在）">立陶宛國家日</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statehood_Day_(Lithuania)" class="extiw" title="en:Statehood Day (Lithuania)">Statehood Day (Lithuania)</a>）</td> <td>Valstybės (Lietuvos karaliaus Mindaugo karūnavimo) diena</td> <td>紀念<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E9%81%93%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF" title="明道加斯">明道加斯</a>建立<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛王國">立陶宛王國</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8月15日</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9" title="圣母升天">圣母升天</a></td> <td>Žolinė (Švč. Mergelės Marijos ėmimo į dangų diena)</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>11月1日</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E8%81%96%E7%AF%80" title="諸聖節">諸聖節</a></td> <td>Visų šventųjų diena (Vėlinės)</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月24日</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%AA%95%E5%A4%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="聖誕夜">聖誕夜</a></td> <td>Šv. Kūčios</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月25日、26日</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%AF%9E%E8%8A%82" title="圣诞节">圣诞节</a></td> <td>Šv. Kalėdos</td> <td>紀念耶稣誕辰 </td></tr> </tbody></table> 除國定假日外，立陶宛重要的慶典與活動還有維爾紐斯的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%8A%A0%E8%A5%BF%E5%BD%8C%E7%A5%BF%E5%B8%82%E9%9B%86" title="聖加西彌祿市集">聖加西彌祿市集</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%BD%B1%E5%B1%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維爾紐斯國際影展（页面不存在）">維爾紐斯國際影展</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius_International_Film_Festival" class="extiw" title="en:Vilnius International Film Festival">Vilnius International Film Festival</a>）<a href="#cite_note-460">[460]</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E6%97%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="考那斯城市日（页面不存在）">考那斯城市日</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauno_Miesto_Diena" class="extiw" title="en:Kauno Miesto Diena">Kauno Miesto Diena</a>）<a href="#cite_note-461">[461]</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E4%BD%A9%E9%81%94%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克萊佩達海洋節（页面不存在）">克萊佩達海洋節</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Sea_Festival" class="extiw" title="en:Klaipėda Sea Festival">Klaipėda Sea Festival</a>）<a href="#cite_note-462">[462]</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%82%E5%B0%9A%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="時尚感染（页面不存在）">時尚感染</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mados_infekcija" class="extiw" title="en:Mados infekcija">Mados infekcija</a>）（立陶宛最大的時裝秀）<a href="#cite_note-463">[463]</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%B8%E5%B1%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維爾紐斯書展（页面不存在）">維爾紐斯書展</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius_Book_Fair" class="extiw" title="en:Vilnius Book Fair">Vilnius Book Fair</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E6%9D%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維爾紐斯馬拉松（页面不存在）">維爾紐斯馬拉松</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius_Marathon" class="extiw" title="en:Vilnius Marathon">Vilnius Marathon</a>）、立陶宛音樂節、維爾紐斯爵士音樂節、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%A1%E9%AD%94%E7%9F%B3%E9%9C%B2%E5%A4%A9%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="惡魔石露天音樂節（页面不存在）">惡魔石露天音樂節</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devilstone_Open_Air" class="extiw" title="en:Devilstone Open Air">Devilstone Open Air</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%96%A9%E8%8E%AB%E5%90%89%E5%B8%8C%E4%BA%9E%E9%AA%B7%E9%AB%8F%E5%9C%B0%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大薩莫吉希亞骷髏地節（页面不存在）">大薩莫吉希亞骷髏地節</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%96%A9%E8%8E%AB%E5%90%89%E5%B8%8C%E4%BA%9E%E9%AA%B7%E9%AB%8F%E5%9C%B0%E7%AF%80" class="extiw" title="en:大薩莫吉希亞骷髏地節">大薩莫吉希亞骷髏地節</a>）<a href="#cite_note-464">[464]</a>與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%99%AE%E5%A5%A7%E8%90%8A%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿普奧萊節（页面不存在）">阿普奧萊節</a>（立陶宛语：<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apuol%C4%97s_festivalis" class="extiw" title="lt:Apuolės festivalis">Apuolės festivalis</a>）等<a href="#cite_note-465">[465]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="運動">運動</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=47" title="编辑章节：運動">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2" title="立陶宛體育">立陶宛體育</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C5%ABta_Meilutyt%C4%97_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/R%C5%ABta_Meilutyt%C4%97_portrait.jpg/140px-R%C5%ABta_Meilutyt%C4%97_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/R%C5%ABta_Meilutyt%C4%97_portrait.jpg/210px-R%C5%ABta_Meilutyt%C4%97_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/R%C5%ABta_Meilutyt%C4%97_portrait.jpg/280px-R%C5%ABta_Meilutyt%C4%97_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>曾獲<a href="/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6%E5%A5%A7%E9%81%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="2012年倫敦奧運">2012年倫敦奧運</a>金牌的游泳選手<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E7%BE%8E%E9%9C%B2%E6%B3%B0" title="魯塔·美露泰">魯塔·美露泰</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_selecci%C3%B3n_de_Lituania_celebra_su_tercer_puesto_en_el_Mundial_de_baloncesto_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/La_selecci%C3%B3n_de_Lituania_celebra_su_tercer_puesto_en_el_Mundial_de_baloncesto_2010.jpg/220px-La_selecci%C3%B3n_de_Lituania_celebra_su_tercer_puesto_en_el_Mundial_de_baloncesto_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/La_selecci%C3%B3n_de_Lituania_celebra_su_tercer_puesto_en_el_Mundial_de_baloncesto_2010.jpg/330px-La_selecci%C3%B3n_de_Lituania_celebra_su_tercer_puesto_en_el_Mundial_de_baloncesto_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/La_selecci%C3%B3n_de_Lituania_celebra_su_tercer_puesto_en_el_Mundial_de_baloncesto_2010.jpg/440px-La_selecci%C3%B3n_de_Lituania_celebra_su_tercer_puesto_en_el_Mundial_de_baloncesto_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4478" data-file-height="3214" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%B7%E5%AD%90%E7%B1%83%E7%90%83%E9%9A%8A" title="立陶宛國家男子籃球隊">立陶宛國家男子籃球隊</a>目前位列<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B1%83%E7%90%83%E7%B8%BD%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="國際籃球總會">國際籃球總會</a>世界排名第8名</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83" title="篮球">篮球</a>是立陶宛最受歡迎的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2" title="立陶宛體育">運動</a>，2021年<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%B7%E5%AD%90%E7%B1%83%E7%90%83%E9%9A%8A" title="立陶宛國家男子籃球隊">立陶宛国家男子篮球队</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B1%83%E7%90%83%E7%B8%BD%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="國際籃球總會">國際籃球總會</a>世界排名為第8名<a href="#cite_note-466">[466]</a>，作为一支欧洲劲旅，曾经三次获得<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83%E9%94%A6%E6%A0%87%E8%B5%9B" title="欧洲篮球锦标赛">歐洲籃球錦標賽</a>冠军（<a href="/w/index.php?title=1937%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%B1%83%E7%90%83%E9%8C%A6%E6%A8%99%E8%B3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937年歐洲籃球錦標賽（页面不存在）">1937年</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroBasket_1937" class="extiw" title="en:EuroBasket 1937">EuroBasket 1937</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=1939%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%B1%83%E7%90%83%E9%8C%A6%E6%A8%99%E8%B3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1939年歐洲籃球錦標賽（页面不存在）">1939年</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroBasket_1939" class="extiw" title="en:EuroBasket 1939">EuroBasket 1939</a>）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=2003%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%B1%83%E7%90%83%E9%8C%A6%E6%A8%99%E8%B3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003年歐洲籃球錦標賽（页面不存在）">2003年</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroBasket_2003" class="extiw" title="en:EuroBasket 2003">EuroBasket 2003</a>）），三度獲得奥运会男篮比赛铜牌（<a href="/wiki/1992%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B" title="1992年夏季奥林匹克运动会篮球比赛">1992年</a>、<a href="/wiki/1996%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B" title="1996年夏季奥林匹克运动会篮球比赛">1996年</a>與<a href="/wiki/2000%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B" title="2000年夏季奥林匹克运动会篮球比赛">2000年</a>）<a href="#cite_note-467">[467]</a>。立陶宛男篮秉承了传统的欧洲实用派打法，以整体打法为特点<a href="#cite_note-468">[468]</a>。籃球賽在立陶宛國內很受關注，2014年全國有近76%人口收看<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%83%E7%B1%83%E7%90%83%E8%B3%BD" title="世界盃籃球賽">世界盃籃球賽</a>的電視轉播<a href="#cite_note-469">[469]</a>。 立陶宛也出過多名<a href="/wiki/NBA" title="NBA">NBA</a>球星，包括已退役的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BB%B4%E8%BE%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="阿维达斯·萨博尼斯">阿维达斯·萨博尼斯</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E9%AD%AF%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E4%BF%AE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A7%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩魯納斯·馬修利奧尼斯（页面不存在）">薩魯納斯·馬修利奧尼斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ar%C5%ABnas_Mar%C4%8Diulionis" class="extiw" title="en:Šarūnas Marčiulionis">Šarūnas Marčiulionis</a>）<a href="#cite_note-470">[470]</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%B6%AD%E9%81%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E9%BD%8A%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿維達斯·馬齊奧斯卡斯（页面不存在）">阿維達斯·馬齊奧斯卡斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvydas_Macijauskas" class="extiw" title="en:Arvydas Macijauskas">Arvydas Macijauskas</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E6%89%8E" title="利纳斯·克莱扎">利納斯·克萊扎</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E6%9F%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E8%93%8B%E6%8B%89" title="達柳斯·桑蓋拉">達柳斯·桑蓋拉</a>等，以及現役球員<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%98%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF" title="约纳斯·瓦兰丘纳斯">约纳斯·瓦兰丘纳斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%9B%BC%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="多曼塔斯·薩博尼斯">多曼塔斯·薩博尼斯</a><a href="#cite_note-471">[471]</a>。另外<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%B7%E5%AD%90%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83%E9%98%9F" title="中国国家男子篮球队">中华人民共和国国家男子篮球队</a>前主教练<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%85%B9%E5%8A%B3%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF" title="尤纳斯·卡兹劳斯卡斯">尤纳斯·卡兹劳斯卡斯</a>也是立陶宛人<a href="#cite_note-472">[472]</a>。 立陶宛在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%9B%A2" title="奥林匹克运动会立陶宛代表团">歷屆奧林匹克運動會</a>中共獲得25面獎牌，包括6面金牌（<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E5%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="田徑">田徑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E4%BA%94%E9%A0%85" title="現代五項">現代五項</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%84%E6%93%8A%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="射擊運動">射擊</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B6%E6%8A%80%E6%B8%B8%E6%B3%B3" title="競技游泳">游泳</a>等項目），其中<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E9%A5%BC" title="铁饼">鐵餅</a>選手<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%8B%E7%BA%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="维尔吉利尤斯·阿莱克纳">维尔吉利尤斯·阿莱克纳</a>曾於<a href="/wiki/2000%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%AA%E6%A2%A8%E5%A5%A7%E9%81%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="2000年雪梨奧運">2000年雪梨奧運</a>與<a href="/wiki/2004%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8%E5%A5%A7%E9%81%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="2004年雅典奧運">2004年雅典奧運</a>兩度獲得金牌，又於<a href="/wiki/2008%E5%B9%B4%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A5%A7%E9%81%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="2008年北京奧運">2008年北京奧運</a>獲得銅牌<a href="#cite_note-473">[473]</a>；<a href="/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6%E5%A5%A7%E9%81%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="2012年倫敦奧運">2012年倫敦奧運</a>中年僅15歲的游泳選手<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E7%BE%8E%E9%9C%B2%E6%B3%B0" title="魯塔·美露泰">魯塔·美露泰</a>奪下女子100公尺蛙式的金牌<a href="#cite_note-474">[474]</a>。 參加<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="冬季運動">冬季運動</a>的立陶宛運動員則較少，但國內逐漸建立了溜冰場、滑雪場等場館，如2011年建成的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%AA%E7%AB%B6%E6%8A%80%E5%A0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雪競技場（页面不存在）">雪競技場</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_Arena" class="extiw" title="en:Snow Arena">Snow Arena</a>）為波羅的海地區的第一座室內滑雪場<a href="#cite_note-475">[475]</a>。2018年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%94%B7%E5%AD%90%E5%86%B0%E7%90%83%E9%9A%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛男子冰球隊（页面不存在）">立陶宛男子冰球隊</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuania men's national ice hockey team">Lithuania men's national ice hockey team</a>）在<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%86%B0%E7%90%83%E9%8C%A6%E6%A8%99%E8%B3%BD%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%B4%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2018年世界冰球錦標賽第一級（页面不存在）">世界冰球錦標賽第一級</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_IIHF_World_Championship_Division_I" class="extiw" title="en:2018 IIHF World Championship Division I">2018 IIHF World Championship Division I</a>）B組的六隊中獲第一名<a href="#cite_note-476">[476]</a>。 2021年9月立陶宛主辦了<a href="/wiki/2021%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B6%B3%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%A4%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%94%E4%BA%BA%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%83" title="2021年國際足協室內五人足球世界盃">2021年國際足總室內五人足球世界盃</a>，為該國首次主辦國際足總競賽<a href="#cite_note-477">[477]</a>。 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E8%92%82%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立蒂尼斯（页面不存在）">立蒂尼斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritinis" class="extiw" title="en:Ritinis">Ritinis</a>）是立陶宛的一種傳統球類運動，球員試圖將球扔到對手後方得分，並持棒阻擋對手擲球進攻<a href="#cite_note-478">[478]</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%85%A7%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立斯蒂內斯（页面不存在）">立斯蒂內斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ristyn%C4%97s" class="extiw" title="en:Ristynės">Ristynės</a>）則是種立陶宛傳統的<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%94%E8%B7%A4" title="摔跤">摔跤</a>運動<a href="#cite_note-479">[479]</a>。 <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=48" title="编辑章节：参考文献">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用">引用</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&action=edit&section=49" title="编辑章节：引用">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Lithuania_2006.pdf">Lithuania's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 2019</a> (PDF). 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[2020-09-11]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200313110843/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/217110/Gyv_kalba_tikyba.pdf/1d9dac9a-3d45-4798-93f5-941fed00503f">存档</a> (PDF)于2020-03-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=GYVENTOJAI+PAGAL+TAUTYB%C4%98%2C+GIMT%C4%84J%C4%84+KALB%C4%84+IR+TIKYB%C4%84&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sura%C5%A1ymo+duomenys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosp.stat.gov.lt%2Fdocuments%2F10180%2F217110%2FGyv_kalba_tikyba.pdf%2F1d9dac9a-3d45-4798-93f5-941fed00503f&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Lina-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lina_4-0">4.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lina_4-1">4.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Kulikauskienė, Lina. Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija [The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania]. 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French Politics (Palgrave Macmillan Journals). December 2005, 3 (3): 323–351 [2017-08-23]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1476-3419">ISSN 1476-3419</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087">doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053112/http://www.palgrave-journals.com/fp/journal/v3/n3/pdf/8200087a.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2016-03-04）. <q>A pattern similar to the French case of compatible majorities alternating with periods of cohabitation emerged in Lithuania, where Talat-Kelpsa (2001) notes that the ability of the Lithuanian president to influence government formation and policy declined abruptly when he lost the sympathetic majority in parliament.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=Semi-Presidential+Systems%3A+Dual+Executive+And+Mixed+Authority+Patterns&rft.aufirst=Matthew+S%C3%B8berg&rft.aulast=Shugart&rft.date=2005-12&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1476-3419&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=French+Politics&rft.pages=323-351&rft.volume=3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palgrave-journals.com%2Ffp%2Fjournal%2Fv3%2Fn3%2Fpdf%2F8200087a.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osp.stat.gov.lt/">Pradžia – Oficialiosios statistikos portalas</a>. osp.stat.gov.lt. [2020-09-11]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130410110838/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/">存档</a>于2013-04-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=Prad%C5%BEia+%E2%80%93+Oficialiosios+statistikos+portalas&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osp.stat.gov.lt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosp.stat.gov.lt%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_7-0">7.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_7-1">7.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_7-2">7.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_7-3">7.3</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April/weo-report?c=946,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">Lithuania</a>. 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United Nations Development Programme. 2020 [2021-08-13]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210813143052/http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/HDI">存档</a>于2021-08-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Index+and+its+components&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fen%2Fcomposite%2FHDI&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm#europe">Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings</a>. 联合国统计司. 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[2018-01-29]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201103225825/http://www.ldkistorija.lt/index.php?lang=2#leiciai_fact_10213">存档</a>于2020-11-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=Lei%C4%8Diai&rft.aufirst=Art%C5%ABras&rft.aulast=Dubonis&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ldkistorija.lt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ldkistorija.lt%2Findex.php%3Flang%3D2%23leiciai_fact_10213&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Patackas, Algirdas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kultura.lrytas.lt/-12499654771249731456-lietuva-lieta-leitis-arba-k%C4%85-rei%C5%A1kia-%C5%BEodis-lietuva.htm">Lietuva, Lieta, Leitis, arba ką reiškia žodis "Lietuva"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lrytas.lt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lrytas.lt（页面不存在）">Lrytas.lt</a>. [2009-08-11]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417195005/https://kultura.lrytas.lt/-12499654771249731456-lietuva-lieta-leitis-arba-k%C4%85-rei%C5%A1kia-%C5%BEodis-lietuva.htm">存档</a>于2021-04-17） （立陶宛语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=Lietuva%2C+Lieta%2C+Leitis%2C+arba+k%C4%85+rei%C5%A1kia+%C5%BEodis+%22Lietuva%22&rft.aufirst=Algirdas&rft.aulast=Patackas&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lrytas.lt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkultura.lrytas.lt%2F-12499654771249731456-lietuva-lieta-leitis-arba-k%25C4%2585-rei%25C5%25A1kia-%25C5%25BEodis-lietuva.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-PoloméWinter2011-20"><a href="#cite_ref-PoloméWinter2011_20-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Edgar C. Polomé; Werner Winter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DIj-nZWsX_0C&pg=PA298">Reconstructing Languages and Cultures</a>. Walter de Gruyter. 2011: 298 [2021-06-24]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-11-086792-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-11-086792-3">ISBN 978-3-11-086792-3</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417192221/https://books.google.com/books?id=DIj-nZWsX_0C&pg=PA298">存档</a>于2021-04-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.au=Edgar+C.+Polom%C3%A9&rft.au=Werner+Winter&rft.btitle=Reconstructing+Languages+and+Cultures&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-11-086792-3&rft.pages=298&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDIj-nZWsX_0C%26pg%3DPA298&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Šapoka, Adolfas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.partizanai.org/failai/pdf/sapokos-istorija.pdf">Lietuvos istorija</a> (PDF). Kaunas: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0viesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šviesa（页面不存在）">Šviesa</a>. 1936: 13–17 [2021-06-24]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225035041/http://www.partizanai.org/failai/pdf/sapokos-istorija.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2021-02-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.aufirst=Adolfas&rft.aulast=%C5%A0apoka&rft.btitle=Lietuvos+istorija&rft.date=1936&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=13-17&rft.place=Kaunas&rft.pub=%C5%A0viesa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.partizanai.org%2Ffailai%2Fpdf%2Fsapokos-istorija.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-MacDonald1996-22"><a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald1996_22-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Michael H. MacDonald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BQyk0nJNsxUC&pg=PA174">Europe, a Tantalizing Romance: Past and Present Europe for Students and the Serious Traveler</a>. University Press of America. 1996: 174 [2021-06-24]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7618-0411-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7618-0411-6">ISBN 978-0-7618-0411-6</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417180317/https://books.google.com/books?id=BQyk0nJNsxUC&pg=PA174">存档</a>于2021-04-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.au=Michael+H.+MacDonald&rft.btitle=Europe%2C+a+Tantalizing+Romance%3A+Past+and+Present+Europe+for+Students+and+the+Serious+Traveler&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-0411-6&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBQyk0nJNsxUC%26pg%3DPA174&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Eidintas, Alfonsas; Bumblauskas, Alfredas; Kulakauskas, Antanas; Tamošaitis, Mindaugas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215231241/http://static.eu2013.lt/uploads/documents/Liet_istorija_knygos/EN_lt.pdf">The History of Lithuania</a> (PDF). Eugrimas. 2013: 22–26 [2021-06-24]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-609-437-204-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-609-437-204-9">ISBN 978-609-437-204-9</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://static.eu2013.lt/uploads/documents/Liet_istorija_knygos/EN_lt.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2013-12-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.au=Bumblauskas%2C+Alfredas&rft.au=Kulakauskas%2C+Antanas&rft.au=Tamo%C5%A1aitis%2C+Mindaugas&rft.aufirst=Alfonsas&rft.aulast=Eidintas&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Lithuania&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-609-437-204-9&rft.pages=22-26&rft.pub=Eugrimas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatic.eu2013.lt%2Fuploads%2Fdocuments%2FLiet_istorija_knygos%2FEN_lt.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Bumblauskas_13-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Bumblauskas_13_24-0">^</a> Eidintas et al. (2013), p. 13 </li> <li id="cite_note-Bumblauskas_24-25-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Bumblauskas_24-25_25-0">^</a> Eidintas et al. (2013), pp. 24–25 </li> <li id="cite_note-Kasekamp2017-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Kasekamp2017_26-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Andres Kasekamp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QDA5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA9">A History of the Baltic States</a>. Macmillan International Higher Education. 2017: 9 [2021-06-24]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-137-57366-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-137-57366-7">ISBN 978-1-137-57366-7</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623221803/https://books.google.com/books?id=QDA5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA9">存档</a>于2021-06-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.au=Andres+Kasekamp&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Baltic+States&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-137-57366-7&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Macmillan+International+Higher+Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQDA5DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Ochmański, Jerzy. Historia Litwy [The History of Lithuania] 2nd. Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. 1982: 39–42. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9788304008861" title="Special:网络书源/9788304008861">ISBN 9788304008861</a> （波兰语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.aufirst=Jerzy&rft.aulast=Ochma%C5%84ski&rft.btitle=Historia+Litwy+%5BThe+History+of+Lithuania%5D&rft.date=1982&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9788304008861&rft.pages=39-42&rft.pub=Zak%C5%82ad+Narodowy+im.+Ossoli%C5%84skich&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Baczkowski, Krzysztof. Dzieje Polski późnośredniowiecznej (1370–1506) [History of Late Medieval Poland (1370–1506)]. Kraków: Fogra. 1999: 55–61. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-83-85719-40-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-83-85719-40-3">ISBN 978-83-85719-40-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.aufirst=Krzysztof&rft.aulast=Baczkowski&rft.btitle=Dzieje+Polski+p%C3%B3%C5%BAno%C5%9Bredniowiecznej+%281370%E2%80%931506%29+%5BHistory+of+Late+Medieval+Poland+%281370%E2%80%931506%29%5D&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-83-85719-40-3&rft.pages=55-61&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pub=Fogra&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-gerutis-29"><a href="#cite_ref-gerutis_29-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Jakštas, Juozas. Beginning of the State. Albertas Gerutis (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lithuania700year0000geru">Lithuania: 700 Years</a>. translated by Algirdas Budreckis 6th. New York: Manyland Books. 1984: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lithuania700year0000geru/page/45">45</a>–50. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-87141-028-1" title="Special:网络书源/0-87141-028-1">ISBN 0-87141-028-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=Beginning+of+the+State&rft.aufirst=Juozas&rft.aulast=Jak%C5%A1tas&rft.btitle=Lithuania%3A+700+Years&rft.date=1984&rft.edition=6th&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-87141-028-1&rft.pages=45-50&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Manyland+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flithuania700year0000geru&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Boswell, A. Bruce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.91050/page/61/mode/2up?q=Lithuanian">Poland and the Poles</a>. London: Methuen & Co. 1919: 61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.aufirst=A.+Bruce&rft.aulast=Boswell&rft.btitle=Poland+and+the+Poles&rft.date=1919&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=61&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Methuen+%26+Co.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdli.granth.91050%2Fpage%2F61%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3DLithuanian&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Zikaras, Karolis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190808020815/https://kam.lt/download/30977/saules%20musis%20angliskai%201.pdf">Battle of Saulė 1236</a> (PDF). Domeikava, Kaunas District: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_National_Defence_(Lithuania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of National Defence (Lithuania)（页面不存在）">Military Cartography Centre of Lithuanian Armed Forces</a>. 2014 [2017-12-28]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-609-412-017-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-609-412-017-6">ISBN 978-609-412-017-6</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kam.lt/download/30977/saules%20musis%20angliskai%201.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2019-08-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.aufirst=Karolis&rft.aulast=Zikaras&rft.btitle=Battle+of+Saul%C4%97+1236&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-609-412-017-6&rft.place=Domeikava%2C+Kaunas+District&rft.pub=Military+Cartography+Centre+of+Lithuanian+Armed+Forces&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkam.lt%2Fdownload%2F30977%2Fsaules%2520musis%2520angliskai%25201.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Jonas Zinkus; et al (编). Saulės mūšis. Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija 3. Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija: 633. 1987 （立陶宛语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=Saul%C4%97s+m%C5%AB%C5%A1is&rft.au=Jonas+Zinkus&rft.btitle=Taryb%C5%B3+Lietuvos+enciklopedija&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=633&rft.place=Vilnius&rft.pub=Vyriausioji+enciklopedij%C5%B3+redakcija&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visitlithuania.net/lithuania/history/major-battle/1661-the-battle-of-saule">The Battle of Saule</a>. VisitLithuania.net. [2017-12-28]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625113823/http://visitlithuania.net/lithuania/history/major-battle/1661-the-battle-of-saule">存档</a>于2021-06-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+Saule&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VisitLithuania.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvisitlithuania.net%2Flithuania%2Fhistory%2Fmajor-battle%2F1661-the-battle-of-saule&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-voruta2001-34"><a href="#cite_ref-voruta2001_34-0">^</a> （立陶宛語） Tomas Baranauskas (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voruta.lt/lietuvos-karalystei-%E2%80%93-750/">Lietuvos karalystei – 750</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120601052806/http://www.voruta.lt/lietuvos-karalystei-%E2%80%93-750/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. voruta.lt. </li> <li id="cite_note-Swanson2015-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Swanson2015_35-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">R. N. Swanson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gn8GCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA193">The Routledge History of Medieval Christianity: 1050–1500</a>. Routledge. 2015: 193 [2021-06-24]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-317-50809-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-317-50809-0">ISBN 978-1-317-50809-0</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222404/https://books.google.com/books?id=Gn8GCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA193">存档</a>于2021-06-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.au=R.+N.+Swanson&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+History+of+Medieval+Christianity%3A+1050%E2%80%931500&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-317-50809-0&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGn8GCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA193&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ironwolf.lt/the-legend-of-the-founding-of-vilnius/">The Legend of the Founding of Vilnius – Gediminas Dream</a>. ironwolf.lt. [2018-02-19]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417195022/https://ironwolf.lt/the-legend-of-the-founding-of-vilnius/">存档</a>于2021-04-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=The+Legend+of+the+Founding+of+Vilnius+%E2%80%93+Gediminas+Dream&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ironwolf.lt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fironwolf.lt%2Fthe-legend-of-the-founding-of-vilnius%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Rowell, C. S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lithuaniaascendi0000rowe">Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire Within East-Central Europe, 1295–1345</a>. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series. Cambridge University Press. 1994: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lithuaniaascendi0000rowe/page/97">97</a>, 100. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-45011-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-45011-9">ISBN 978-0-521-45011-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.aufirst=C.+S.&rft.aulast=Rowell&rft.btitle=Lithuania+Ascending%3A+A+Pagan+Empire+Within+East-Central+Europe%2C+1295%E2%80%931345&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-45011-9&rft.pages=97%2C+100&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.series=Cambridge+Studies+in+Medieval+Life+and+Thought%3A+Fourth+Series&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flithuaniaascendi0000rowe&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-baran-38"><a href="#cite_ref-baran_38-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomas_Baranauskas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomas Baranauskas（页面不存在）">Baranauskas, Tomas</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veidas.lt/melynuju-vandenu-musis-atminties-sugrizimas-po-650-metu">Mėlynųjų Vandenų mūšis: atminties sugrįžimas po 650 metų</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veidas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veidas（页面不存在）">Veidas</a>. 2012-06-23, (25): 30–32 [2021-06-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1392-5156">ISSN 1392-5156</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417180624/http://www.veidas.lt/melynuju-vandenu-musis-atminties-sugrizimas-po-650-metu">存档</a>于2021-04-17） （立陶宛语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=M%C4%97lyn%C5%B3j%C5%B3+Vanden%C5%B3+m%C5%AB%C5%A1is%3A+atminties+sugr%C4%AF%C5%BEimas+po+650+met%C5%B3&rft.aufirst=Tomas&rft.aulast=Baranauskas&rft.date=2012-06-23&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1392-5156&rft.issue=25&rft.jtitle=Veidas&rft.pages=30-32&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.veidas.lt%2Fmelynuju-vandenu-musis-atminties-sugrizimas-po-650-metu&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Auty, Robert; Obolensky, Dimitri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xxREnBcMFcEC&pg=PA88">A Companion to Russian Studies: An Introduction to Russian History</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1981: 86 [2021-06-25]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-28038-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-28038-9">ISBN 978-0-521-28038-9</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210703104936/https://books.google.com/books?id=xxREnBcMFcEC&pg=PA88">存档</a>于2021-07-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.au=Obolensky%2C+Dimitri&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Auty&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Russian+Studies%3A+An+Introduction+to+Russian+History&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-28038-9&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxxREnBcMFcEC%26pg%3DPA88&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Paul Magocsi (1996). History of the Ukraine. University of Toronto Press. p. 128. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0802078206" title="Special:网络书源/0802078206">0802078206</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Babinskas, Nerijus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xn--altiniai-4wb.info/index/details/86">Etninė ir konfesinė LDK įvairovė. Reformacija</a>. šaltiniai.info. [2019-05-20]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227055402/http://www.xn--altiniai-4wb.info/index/details/86">存档</a>于2021-02-27） （立陶宛语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=Etnin%C4%97+ir+konfesin%C4%97+LDK+%C4%AFvairov%C4%97.+Reformacija&rft.aufirst=Nerijus&rft.aulast=Babinskas&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C5%A1altiniai.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xn--altiniai-4wb.info%2Findex%2Fdetails%2F86&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Blomkvist, Nils. Culture clash or compromise?: the europeanisation of the Baltic Sea area 1100-1400 AD. Gotland University College: Gotland Centre of Baltic Studies. 1998: 240. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789163074394" title="Special:网络书源/9789163074394">ISBN 9789163074394</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.aufirst=Nils&rft.aulast=Blomkvist&rft.btitle=Culture+clash+or+compromise%3F%3A+the+europeanisation+of+the+Baltic+Sea+area+1100-1400+AD&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789163074394&rft.pages=240&rft.place=Gotland+University+College&rft.pub=Gotland+Centre+of+Baltic+Studies&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Broderick, Kristin J. Lithuania. The Economy and Political Culture in New Democracies: An Analysis of Democratic Support in Central and Eastern Europe: An Analysis of Democratic Support in Central and Eastern Europe. Routledge. 2017. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781351732925" title="Special:网络书源/9781351732925">ISBN 9781351732925</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=Lithuania&rft.aufirst=Kristin+J.&rft.aulast=Broderick&rft.btitle=The+Economy+and+Political+Culture+in+New+Democracies%3A+An+Analysis+of+Democratic+Support+in+Central+and+Eastern+Europe%3A+An+Analysis+of+Democratic+Support+in+Central+and+Eastern+Europe&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9781351732925&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Lane-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Lane_44-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Thomas Lane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fecMC0LXU-sC">Lithuania: Stepping Westward</a>. Routledge. 2001: ix, xxi [2021-06-25]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-26731-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-26731-1">ISBN 978-0-415-26731-1</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222449/https://books.google.com/books?id=fecMC0LXU-sC">存档</a>于2021-06-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.au=Thomas+Lane&rft.btitle=Lithuania%3A+Stepping+Westward&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-415-26731-1&rft.pages=ix%2C+xxi&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfecMC0LXU-sC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> The New Encyclopædia Britannica v. 17 (1998) p. 545 </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Rick Fawn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SBtYrTANgvUC&pg=PA186">Ideology and national identity in post-communist foreign policies</a>. Psychology Press. 2003: 186– [2021-06-25]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7146-5517-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7146-5517-8">ISBN 978-0-7146-5517-8</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210703105001/https://books.google.com/books?id=SBtYrTANgvUC&pg=PA186">存档</a>于2021-07-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.au=Rick+Fawn&rft.btitle=Ideology+and+national+identity+in+post-communist+foreign+policies&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-5517-8&rft.pages=186-&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSBtYrTANgvUC%26pg%3DPA186&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.partizanai.org/karys-1955m-8/4611-lucko-suvaziavimas">Lucko suvažiavimas</a>. Partizanai.org. [2017-12-22]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417194249/http://www.partizanai.org/karys-1955m-8/4611-lucko-suvaziavimas">存档</a>于2021-04-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=Lucko+suva%C5%BEiavimas&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Partizanai.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.partizanai.org%2Fkarys-1955m-8%2F4611-lucko-suvaziavimas&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190808020734/http://www.llks.lt/Varpas/Varpo%20archyvas/Varpas%202014/2014%20lapkritis.pdf">Prieš 500 metų – Oršos mūšis</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_of_Lithuanian_Freedom_Fighters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters（页面不存在）">Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters</a>. November 2014 [2018-01-16]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.llks.lt/Varpas/Varpo%20archyvas/Varpas%202014/2014%20lapkritis.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2019-08-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.btitle=Prie%C5%A1+500+met%C5%B3+%E2%80%93+Or%C5%A1os+m%C5%AB%C5%A1is&rft.date=2014-11&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Union+of+Lithuanian+Freedom+Fighters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.llks.lt%2FVarpas%2FVarpo%2520archyvas%2FVarpas%25202014%2F2014%2520lapkritis.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Roberts1968-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Roberts1968_49-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Michael Roberts. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x243AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA264">The Early Vasas: A History of Sweden, 1523 - 1611</a>. CUP Archive. 1968: 264 [2021-06-25]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-00-129698-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-00-129698-2">ISBN 978-1-00-129698-2</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210720054751/https://books.google.com/books?id=x243AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA264">存档</a>于2021-07-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.au=Michael+Roberts&rft.btitle=The+Early+Vasas%3A+A+History+of+Sweden%2C+1523+-+1611&rft.date=1968&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-00-129698-2&rft.pages=264&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx243AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA264&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Stone, Daniel. The Polish–Lithuanian State: 1386–1795. University of Washington Press, 2001. p. 63 </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/multimedija/musu-lietuva/lietuvos-aukso-amzius-vienas-sprendimas-galejo-pakeisti-visa-istorija.d?id=74961334">Lietuvos aukso amžius – vienas sprendimas galėjo pakeisti visą istoriją</a>. DELFI. [2018-02-24]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307212638/https://www.delfi.lt/multimedija/musu-lietuva/lietuvos-aukso-amzius-vienas-sprendimas-galejo-pakeisti-visa-istorija.d?id=74961334">存档</a>于2021-03-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=Lietuvos+aukso+am%C5%BEius+%E2%80%93+vienas+sprendimas+gal%C4%97jo+pakeisti+vis%C4%85+istorij%C4%85&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DELFI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fmultimedija%2Fmusu-lietuva%2Flietuvos-aukso-amzius-vienas-sprendimas-galejo-pakeisti-visa-istorija.d%3Fid%3D74961334&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Domar-52"><a href="#cite_ref-Domar_52-0">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/movable_type/2003_archives/001447.html">The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom: A Hypothesis</a>" （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20071215054739/http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/movable_type/2003_archives/001447.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） (discussion and full online text) of <a href="/wiki/Evsey_Domar" class="mw-redirect" title="Evsey Domar">Evsey Domar</a> (1970). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_History_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economic History Review（页面不存在）">Economic History Review</a> 30:1 (March), pp. 18–32. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Šapoka, Adolfas (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.partizanai.org/failai/pdf/sapokos-istorija.pdf">Lietuvos istorija</a> (PDF). Kaunas: Švietimo ministerijos Knygų leidimo komisijos leidinys. 1936: 326 [2021-06-24]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225035041/http://www.partizanai.org/failai/pdf/sapokos-istorija.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2021-02-25） （立陶宛语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.aufirst=Adolfas&rft.aulast=%C5%A0apoka&rft.btitle=Lietuvos+istorija&rft.date=1936&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=326&rft.place=Kaunas&rft.pub=%C5%A0vietimo+ministerijos+Knyg%C5%B3+leidimo+komisijos+leidinys&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.partizanai.org%2Ffailai%2Fpdf%2Fsapokos-istorija.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512014106/http://www.liw.lt/archive_vid.php?shid=1211283347&id=1211283055">The Roads to Independence</a>. Lithuania in the World. 2008, 16 (2) [2021-06-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1392-0901">ISSN 1392-0901</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liw.lt/archive_vid.php?shid=1211283347&id=1211283055">原始内容</a>存档于2011-05-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=The+Roads+to+Independence&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1392-0901&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Lithuania+in+the+World&rft.volume=16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liw.lt%2Farchive_vid.php%3Fshid%3D1211283347%26id%3D1211283055&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Ligeza2017-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Ligeza2017_55-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Jan Ligeza. Preambuła Prawa [The Preamble of Law]. Polish Scientific Publishers PWN. 2017: 12. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-83-945455-0-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-83-945455-0-5">ISBN 978-83-945455-0-5</a> （波兰语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.au=Jan+Ligeza&rft.btitle=Preambu%C5%82a+Prawa&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-83-945455-0-5&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Polish+Scientific+Publishers+PWN&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanford-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Sanford_56-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Sanford_(political_scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Sanford (political scientist)（页面不存在）">George Sanford</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tOaXi0hX1RAC&pg=PA11">Democratic government in Poland: constitutional politics since 1989</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. 2002: 11–12 [2011-07-05]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-333-77475-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-333-77475-5">ISBN 978-0-333-77475-5</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201215013443/https://books.google.com/books?id=tOaXi0hX1RAC&pg=PA11">存档</a>于2020-12-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.au=George+Sanford&rft.btitle=Democratic+government+in+Poland%3A+constitutional+politics+since+1989&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-333-77475-5&rft.pages=11-12&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtOaXi0hX1RAC%26pg%3DPA11&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Jędruch1982-178-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Jędruch1982-178_57-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacek_J%C4%99druch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacek Jędruch（页面不存在）">Jacek Jędruch</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rmx8QgAACAAJ">Constitutions, elections, and legislatures of Poland, 1493–1977: a guide to their history</a>. EJJ Books. 1998: 178 [2011-08-13]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7818-0637-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7818-0637-4">ISBN 978-0-7818-0637-4</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130526211150/http://books.google.com/books?id=Rmx8QgAACAAJ">存档</a>于2013-05-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.au=Jacek+J%C4%99druch&rft.btitle=Constitutions%2C+elections%2C+and+legislatures+of+Poland%2C+1493%E2%80%931977%3A+a+guide+to+their+history&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7818-0637-4&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=EJJ+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRmx8QgAACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Lukowski2010-227-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Lukowski2010-227_58-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Jerzy Lukowski. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kAgRHvulnnUC&pg=PA226">Disorderly liberty: the political culture of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the eighteenth century</a>. Continuum International Publishing Group. 2010-08-03: 227 [2011-09-23]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4411-4812-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4411-4812-4">ISBN 978-1-4411-4812-4</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200108163942/https://books.google.com/books?id=kAgRHvulnnUC&pg=PA226">存档</a>于2020-01-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.au=Jerzy+Lukowski&rft.btitle=Disorderly+liberty%3A+the+political+culture+of+the+Polish-Lithuanian+Commonwealth+in+the+eighteenth+century&rft.date=2010-08-03&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-4812-4&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkAgRHvulnnUC%26pg%3DPA226&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-fbs-59"><a href="#cite_ref-fbs_59-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">J. 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Cambridge University Press. 1982: 252 [2011-07-05]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-24093-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-24093-2">ISBN 978-0-521-24093-2</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210720054828/https://books.google.com/books?id=p7U8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA252">存档</a>于2021-07-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.au=Henryk+Samsonowicz&rft.au=J.+K.+Fedorowicz&rft.au=Maria+Bogucka&rft.btitle=A+Republic+of+nobles%3A+studies+in+Polish+history+to+1864&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24093-2&rft.pages=252&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp7U8AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA252&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyeasterneu00bide_296">A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change</a>. 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[2021-06-26]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210627005649/https://www.thebalance.com/the-great-depression-of-1929-3306033">存档</a>于2021-06-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=What+Happened+During+the+Great+Depression%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thebalance.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebalance.com%2Fthe-great-depression-of-1929-3306033&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180505021533/http://www.globallabour.info/en/2009/03/trade_unions_in_lithuania_a_br.html">Trade Unions in Lithuania – A Brief History – Sergejus Glovackas (2009) (Global Labour Institute – English)</a>. Globallabour.info. [2017-11-29]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globallabour.info/en/2009/03/trade_unions_in_lithuania_a_br.html">原始内容</a>存档于2018-05-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=Trade+Unions+in+Lithuania+%E2%80%93+A+Brief+History+%E2%80%93+Sergejus+Glovackas+%282009%29+%28Global+Labour+Institute+%E2%80%93+English%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globallabour.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globallabour.info%2Fen%2F2009%2F03%2Ftrade_unions_in_lithuania_a_br.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Vareikis, Vygantas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://briai.ku.lt/downloads/AHUK_21/21_069-084_Vareikis.pdf">Politiniai ir kariniai Klaipėdos krašto praradimo aspektai 1938–1939 metais</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaipėda University（页面不存在）">Klaipėda University</a>. [2017-12-23]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190808020740/http://briai.ku.lt/downloads/AHUK_21/21_069-084_Vareikis.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2019-08-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=Politiniai+ir+kariniai+Klaip%C4%97dos+kra%C5%A1to+praradimo+aspektai+1938%E2%80%931939+metais&rft.aufirst=Vygantas&rft.aulast=Vareikis&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Klaip%C4%97da+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbriai.ku.lt%2Fdownloads%2FAHUK_21%2F21_069-084_Vareikis.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Turauskas, Edvardas. Lietuvos nepriklausomybės netenkant. 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[2010-06-30]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115200746/https://kultura.lrytas.lt/-12778267981275752223-ar-lietuva-gal%C4%97jo-i%C5%A1sigelb%C4%97ti-1939-1940-metais.htm">存档</a>于2020-01-15） （立陶宛语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=Ar+Lietuva+gal%C4%97jo+i%C5%A1sigelb%C4%97ti+1939%E2%80%931940+metais%3F&rft.aufirst=Algimantas&rft.aulast=Gureckas&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lrytas.lt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkultura.lrytas.lt%2F-12778267981275752223-ar-lietuva-gal%25C4%2597jo-i%25C5%25A1sigelb%25C4%2597ti-1939-1940-metais.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Musteikis, Kazys. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.šaltiniai.info/files/istorija/II00/Ultimatumas_ir_paskutinis_vyriausyb%C4%97s_pos%C4%97dis.II0300.pdf">Prisiminimų fragmentai</a> (PDF). Vilnius: Mintis. 1989: 56–57 [2017-12-10]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190808020743/http://www.xn--altiniai-4wb.info/files/istorija/II00/Ultimatumas_ir_paskutinis_vyriausyb%C4%97s_pos%C4%97dis.II0300.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2019-08-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.aufirst=Kazys&rft.aulast=Musteikis&rft.btitle=Prisiminim%C5%B3+fragmentai&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=56-57&rft.place=Vilnius&rft.pub=Mintis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.%C5%A1altiniai.info%2Ffiles%2Fistorija%2FII00%2FUltimatumas_ir_paskutinis_vyriausyb%25C4%2597s_pos%25C4%2597dis.II0300.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Senn, Alfred Erich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lithuaniarevolut00senn">Lithuania 1940: Revolution from Above</a>. 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Genocid.lt. [2017-12-14]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190926152627/http://genocid.lt/GRTD/Tremtis/stasys.htm">存档</a>于2019-09-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.atitle=Lietuvos+kariuomen%C4%97s+naikinimas+%281940+m.+bir%C5%BEelio+15+d.%E2%80%931941+m.%29&rft.aufirst=Stasys&rft.aulast=Knezys&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Genocid.lt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenocid.lt%2FGRTD%2FTremtis%2Fstasys.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Anušauskas (2005), p. 140 </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Gurjanovas, Aleksandras. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genocid.lt/Leidyba/2/aleksand1.htm">Gyventojų trėmimo į SSRS gilumą mastas (1941 m. gegužės–birželio mėn.)</a>. 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University of California Press. 1993: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balticstatesyear00misi/page/47">47</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-520-08228-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-520-08228-1">ISBN 978-0-520-08228-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.au=Rein+Taagepera&rft.aufirst=Romuald+J.&rft.aulast=Misiunas&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+States%3A+Years+of+Dependence+1940%E2%80%931990&rft.date=1993&rft.edition=expanded&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-520-08228-1&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbalticstatesyear00misi%2Fpage%2F47&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Anušauskas, Arvydas; et al (编). Lietuva, 1940–1990. 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[2021-06-26]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsp.krakow.pl/konspekt/konspekt5/ponary.html">原始内容</a>存档于2008-12-24） （波兰语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.aufirst=Czes%C5%82aw&rft.aulast=Michalski&rft.btitle=Ponary+%E2%80%93+Golgota+Wile%C5%84szczyzny+%28Ponary+%E2%80%93+the+Golgotha+of+Wilno%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Konspekt+n%C2%BA+5%2C+Winter+2000%E2%80%9301%2C+Academy+of+Pedagogy+in+Krak%C3%B3w&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsp.krakow.pl%2Fkonspekt%2Fkonspekt5%2Fponary.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genocid.lt/Leidyba/13/bubnys.htm">Arūnas Bubnys. Lietuvių saugumo policija ir holokaustas (1941–1944) | Lithuanian Security Police and the Holocaust (1941–1944)</a>. Genocid.lt. 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Vilnius: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lietuvos_gyventoj%C5%B3_genocido_ir_rezistencijos_tyrimo_centras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras（页面不存在）">Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras</a>. 1998. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-9986-757-12-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-9986-757-12-2">ISBN 978-9986-757-12-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.aufirst=Ar%C5%ABnas&rft.aulast=Bubnys&rft.btitle=Vokie%C4%8Di%C5%B3+okupuota+Lietuva+%281941%E2%80%931944%29&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-9986-757-12-2&rft.place=Vilnius&rft.pub=Lietuvos+gyventoj%C5%B3+genocido+ir+rezistencijos+tyrimo+centras&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_108-0">108.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_108-1">108.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Prit Buttar著刘任，张大卫译, 巨人之间：第二次世界大战中的波罗的海战事. 第十二章余波. 北京: 台海出版社. 2018: 328. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5168-2067-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5168-2067-4">ISBN 978-7-5168-2067-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B&rft.aufirst=%E5%B7%A8%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%EF%BC%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%8B&rft.aulast=Prit+Buttar%E8%91%97+%E5%88%98%E4%BB%BB%EF%BC%8C%E5%BC%A0%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%E8%AF%91&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E7%AB%A0+%E4%BD%99%E6%B3%A2&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-5168-2067-4&rft.pages=328&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%8F%B0%E6%B5%B7%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Motyl, Alexander J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pvHRNNk9hHEC&pg=PA494">Encyclopedia of Nationalism, Two-Volume Set</a>. 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auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> 立陶宛在维基百科的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%A7%8A%E5%A6%B9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Wikipedia:维基媒体姊妹项目">姊妹项目</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" />维基词典上的<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/立陶宛">字词解释</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" />维基共享资源上的<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lietuva" class="extiw" title="c:Lietuva">多媒体资源</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" />维基新闻上的<a href="https://zh.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/立陶宛">新闻</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" />维基语录上的<a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" class="extiw" title="q:立陶宛">名言</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" />维基文库上的<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/立陶宛">原始文献</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />维基教科书上的<a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/立陶宛">教科书和手册</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" />维基学院上的<a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/立陶宛">学习资源</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" />维基导游上的<a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" class="extiw" title="voy:立陶宛">旅行资讯</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter/w5_home.home?p_kalb_id=2">The Lithuanian Parliament</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20081216012359/http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter/w5_home.home?p_kalb_id=2">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – 立陶宛議會官方網站</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrv.lt/en">The Lithuanian Government</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210627184557/http://www.lrv.lt/en">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – 立陶宛政府官方網站</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.gov.lt/en/">Statistics Lithuania</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111113144718/http://www.stat.gov.lt/en/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛統計局（页面不存在）">立陶宛統計局</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Statistics_(Lithuania)" class="extiw" title="en:Department of Statistics (Lithuania)">Department of Statistics (Lithuania)</a>）官方網站</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lithuania.travel/">Lithuania – Real is Beautiful</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20191207223245/http://www.lithuania.travel/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – 立陶宛官方旅遊介紹</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su%3AGeopolitics+Baltic+States.&qt=hot_subject/LH.html">The Baltic States and geopolitics</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210625131927/https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su%3AGeopolitics+Baltic+States.&qt=hot_subject%2FLH.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lietuva.lt/en/">Lithuania</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210602011848/https://lietuva.lt/en/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – Lithuanian internet gates</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lithuania/">Lithuania</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210703005652/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lithuania/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/world-leaders-1/LH.html">Lithuania. CIA Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201016161247/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/world-leaders-1/LH.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061242/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/lithuania.htm">Lithuania</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="开放式目录">开放目录项目</a>中的“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Regional/Europe/Lithuania">立陶宛</a>”</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC新聞">BBC新聞</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17536867">Lithuania</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210604175849/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17536867">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <table class="noprint metadata" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background: #f8f9fa; text-align: center; width:80%; font-size:80%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:0%; padding-right:5px" rowspan="5"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:33%"> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"> </td> <td style="width:0%; padding-left:5px" rowspan="5"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="波羅的海">波羅的海</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄羅斯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="加里寧格勒州">加里寧格勒州</a>） </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄羅斯</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /><figcaption>西</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:0%; text-align: center" nowrap="nowrap">  <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">立陶宛</a>   </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /><figcaption>東</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波蘭</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄羅斯</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="欧洲" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="Template:歐洲"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="Template talk:歐洲"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:歐洲"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div 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</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="南欧">南欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="意大利半島">亞平寧半島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D" title="聖座的法律地位">属</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7" title="聖座">聖座</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%96%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98" title="馬爾他騎士團">馬爾他騎士團</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%BA" title="圣马力诺">圣马力诺</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="伊比利亚半岛">伊比利亚半岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94" title="安道尔">安道尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海諸國</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">馬爾他</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E4%BD%88" title="德語地理分佈">德語圈</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦斯登">列支敦斯登</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="匈牙利语">馬扎兒語圈</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="西斯拉夫民族">西斯拉夫</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%94%E5%9C%8B" title="北歐五國">斯堪的纳维亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛">冰岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="波罗的海国家">波羅的海</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">立陶宛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="东欧">东欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="東斯拉夫民族">東斯拉夫</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="歐洲俄羅斯">欧洲部分</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="巴尔干半岛">巴尔干半岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克羅埃西亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">黑山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">跨欧亚地区 （部分領土位於歐洲）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="歐洲俄羅斯">欧洲部分</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="色雷斯">色雷斯</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索">高加索地區</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索">高加索地區</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3" title="乌拉尔河">乌拉尔河</a>以西的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="西哈薩克斯坦州">西哈薩克斯坦州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="阿特勞州">阿特勞州</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%B0" title="属地">海外屬地</a>與 其他特殊政區</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>英國 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80" title="直布罗陀">直布罗陀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E8%A5%BF%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80" title="根西行政區">根西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6" title="曼島">马恩岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF" title="澤西">澤西</a></li></ul></li> <li>挪威 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%E9%A6%AC%E5%BB%B6" title="揚馬延">揚馬延島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4" title="斯瓦尔巴">斯瓦尔巴群島</a></li></ul></li> <li>丹麥 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="法罗群岛">法罗群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0" title="格陵兰">格陵兰</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>参见：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="世界政區索引">世界政區索引</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%B4%B2" title="南极洲">南极洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国首都列表">各国首都列表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="欧洲首都" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="Template:欧洲首都"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="Template talk:欧洲首都"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:欧洲首都"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="欧洲首都" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="首都">首都</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>粗斜體為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="有限承认国家">未被國際普遍承認國家</a>的首都和屬地的首府。</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="西欧">西欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="布鲁塞尔">布鲁塞尔</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="都柏林">都柏林</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%B8%82" title="盧森堡市">盧森堡市</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥">摩纳哥</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥">摩纳哥</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷兰</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6" title="伦敦">伦敦</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%8E" title="安道尔城">安道尔城</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94" title="安道尔">安道尔</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%88%E6%A0%B9" title="哥本哈根">哥本哈根</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%B8%AF" title="托爾斯港">托尔斯港</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="法罗群岛">法罗群岛</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%9B%E5%9F%BA" title="赫尔辛基">赫尔辛基</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%85%E7%B6%AD%E5%85%8B" title="雷克雅維克">雷克雅未克</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛">冰岛</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E9%99%86" title="奥斯陆">奥斯陆</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9" title="斯德哥尔摩">斯德哥尔摩</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D" title="維也納">維也納</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC" title="布拉格">布拉格</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E4%BD%A9%E6%96%AF" title="布达佩斯">布达佩斯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E9%83%BD%E8%8C%B2" title="瓦都茲">瓦杜茲</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦斯登">列支敦斯登</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99" title="华沙">华沙</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%8F%91" title="布拉迪斯拉发">布</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC" title="伯尔尼">伯恩</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="东欧">东欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="明斯克">明斯克</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97" title="塔林">塔林</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%8A%A0" title="里加">里加</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" title="维尔纽斯">维尔纽斯</a>（<a class="mw-selflink selflink">立陶宛</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B8%8C%E8%AE%B7%E4%B9%8C" title="基希讷乌">基希讷乌</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94" title="蒂拉斯波尔">蒂拉斯波尔</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8" title="德涅斯特河沿岸">德涅斯特河沿岸</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="莫斯科">莫斯科</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="南欧">南欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A3" title="地拉那">地拉那</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾巴尼亞">阿爾巴尼亞</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E8%80%B6%E4%BD%9B" title="塞拉耶佛">塞拉耶佛</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波士尼亞和黑塞哥維那</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E8%8F%B2%E4%BA%9E" title="索菲亞">索菲亞</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E5%B8%83" title="萨格勒布">札格雷布</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克羅埃西亞</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8" title="雅典">雅典</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="罗马">罗马</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">義大利</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E4%BB%80%E8%92%82%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="普里什蒂納">普里什蒂納</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C" title="斯科普里">斯科普里</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%8E%B1%E5%A1%94" title="瓦莱塔">瓦莱塔</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">马耳他</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%88%E9%87%8C%E5%AF%9F" title="波德戈里察">波德戈里察</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">黑山</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="里斯本">里斯本</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="布加勒斯特">布加勒斯特</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AB%BE%E5%B8%82" title="聖馬力諾市">圣马力诺</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AB%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="聖馬力諾">聖馬力諾</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%E8%8E%B1%E5%BE%B7" title="贝尔格莱德">貝爾格勒</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E9%9B%85%E9%82%A3" title="卢布尔雅那">卢布尔雅那</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛文尼亚</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="马德里">马德里</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80" title="直布罗陀">直布罗陀</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80" title="直布罗陀">直布罗陀</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="尼科西亚">尼科西亞</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="北尼科西亚">北尼科西亚</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="北賽普勒斯">北賽普勒斯</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%9A%AE%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%B5%E8%90%A5" title="埃皮斯科皮兵营">埃皮斯科皮兵营</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E6%8F%90%E5%88%A9%E8%88%87%E5%BE%B7%E5%87%B1%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="亞克羅提利與德凱利亞">英屬基地區</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲首都列表（页面不存在）">歐洲首都列表</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国首都列表">各国首都列表</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="國際組織成員" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="國際組織成員" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">國際組織成員</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:114%;"><div style="padding:0px;"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="欧洲联盟成员国" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" title="Template:欧盟"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" title="Template talk:欧盟"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:欧盟"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="欧洲联盟成员国" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">欧洲联盟</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%9B%BD" title="欧洲联盟成员国">成员国</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">立陶宛</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">盧森堡</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">馬爾他</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷蘭</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波蘭</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/50px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/75px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/100px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=&#124;class=notpageimage_北大西洋公约组织" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Template:北大西洋公約組織"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Template talk:北大西洋公約組織"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:北大西洋公約組織"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=&#124;class=notpageimage_北大西洋公约组织" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/22px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/33px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/44px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="北大西洋公约组织">北大西洋公约组织</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="北大西洋公约">北大西洋公约</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="北約峰會">峰会</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北约军事行动（页面不存在）">军事行动</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_Operations" class="extiw" title="en:NATO Operations">NATO Operations</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E6%93%B4%E5%BC%B5" title="北約擴張">扩张</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png/100px-Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png/150px-Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png/200px-Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="320" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E7%B8%BD%E9%83%A8" title="北約總部">總部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A" title="北大西洋理事会">理事会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%9B%9F%E5%86%9B%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8" title="欧洲盟军最高司令部">欧洲盟军最高司令部</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%9F%E5%86%9B%E8%BD%AC%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盟军转型司令部（页面不存在）">盟军转型司令部</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_Command_Transformation" class="extiw" title="en:Allied Command Transformation">Allied Command Transformation</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北约议会大会（页面不存在）">议会大会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_Parliamentary_Assembly" class="extiw" title="en:NATO Parliamentary Assembly">NATO Parliamentary Assembly</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%A7%98%E4%B9%A6%E9%95%BF" title="北大西洋公约组织秘书长">秘书长</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="北約軍事委員會主席">军事委员会主席</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee" class="extiw" title="en:Chairman of the NATO Military Committee">Chairman of the NATO Military Committee</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%9B%9F%E5%86%9B%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8" title="欧洲盟军最高司令部">欧洲盟军最高司令</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%9F%E5%86%9B%E8%BD%AC%E5%9E%8B%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盟军转型最高司令（页面不存在）">盟军转型最高司令</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Transformation" class="extiw" title="en:Supreme Allied Commander Transformation">Supreme Allied Commander Transformation</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E6%88%90%E5%93%A1%E5%9C%8B" title="北約成員國">成员国</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="阿尔巴尼亚武装部队">阿尔巴尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="比利時國防軍">比利时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="保加利亞武裝部隊">保加利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="加拿大武裝部隊">加拿大</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="克羅埃西亞軍事">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="捷克軍事">捷克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="丹麥國防軍">丹麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="愛沙尼亞國防軍">爱沙尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="芬蘭國防軍">芬兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="法國武裝部隊">法国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="德國聯邦國防軍">德国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="希臘武裝部隊">希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="匈牙利國防軍">匈牙利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="冰島軍事">冰岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="義大利武裝部隊">意大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B" title="拉脱维亚军事">拉托维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="立陶宛武装部队">立陶宛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="盧森堡軍事">卢森堡</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙特內哥羅軍隊（页面不存在）">蒙特內哥羅</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_Montenegro" class="extiw" title="en:Military of Montenegro">Military of Montenegro</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A" title="荷蘭軍隊">荷兰</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北马其顿军队（页面不存在）">北马其顿</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_North_Macedonia" class="extiw" title="en:Army of the Republic of North Macedonia">Army of the Republic of North Macedonia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="挪威國防軍">挪威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D" title="波蘭共和國軍">波兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="葡萄牙武装部队">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="罗马尼亚武装部队">罗马尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="斯洛伐克武裝部隊">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯洛文尼亚武装部队（页面不存在）">斯洛文尼亚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenian_Armed_Forces" class="extiw" title="en:Slovenian Armed Forces">Slovenian Armed Forces</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F" title="西班牙军队">西班牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="瑞典國防軍">瑞典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F" title="土耳其军队">土耳其</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="英國武裝部隊">英国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="美国武装部队">美国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北约外交关系（页面不存在）">多边关系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_NATO" class="extiw" title="en:Foreign relations of NATO">Foreign relations of NATO</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大西洋公约协会（页面不存在）">大西洋公约协会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Treaty_Association" class="extiw" title="en:Atlantic Treaty Association">Atlantic Treaty Association</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2-%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E4%BC%99%E4%BC%B4%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲-大西洋伙伴理事会（页面不存在）">欧洲-大西洋伙伴理事会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" class="extiw" title="en:Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">歐盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E5%AF%B9%E8%AF%9D" title="地中海对话">地中海對話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E4%BC%99%E4%BC%B4%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="和平伙伴关系计划">和平伙伴關係計畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%BC%99%E4%BC%B4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="独立合作伙伴行动计划">獨立合作夥伴行動計劃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E9%9D%9E%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E7%9B%9F%E5%8F%8B" title="主要非北約盟友">主要非北約盟友</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%80%A1%E8%AE%AE" title="伊斯坦布尔合作倡议">伊斯坦堡合作倡議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%9C%BC%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="五眼聯盟">五眼聯盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%92%8C%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="古阿姆民主和经济发展组织">古阿姆民主和經濟發展組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="七大工業國組織">七大工業國組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E8%88%87%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="歐洲安全與合作組織">歐洲安全與合作組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="二十國集團">二十大工業國</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">制度與法律規章</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="北約聯合軍事符號">NATO軍事標準標誌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E9%A2%82%E6%AD%8C" title="北约颂歌">北约之歌</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="地中海聯盟" style="width:100%;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="Template:地中海聯盟"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="Template talk:地中海聯盟"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:地中海聯盟"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地中海聯盟" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="地中海聯盟">地中海聯盟</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">成員國</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">立陶宛</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">盧森堡</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">馬爾他</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷蘭</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波蘭</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5" title="摩洛哥">摩洛哥</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="毛里塔尼亚">毛里塔尼亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="突尼西亞">突尼西亞</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔及利亚">阿尔及利亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/22px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/33px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/44px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">蒙特內哥羅</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">觀察員國</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="利比亚">利比亞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155667568">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39QbtfRjqJJRw6fkWmWJqYpmM">WorldCat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4575425">西班牙</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11947680h">法国</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15325877s">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11947680h">BnF data</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15325877s">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4074266-0">德国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555133205171">以色列</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82209573">美国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569565">日本</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128511&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000104453&local_base=nsk10">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810618604005606">波兰</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/1320">梵蒂冈</a> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/10901">2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/0785dc14-96af-3dc4-bde4-dcdfc2e2d0d6">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA12689370?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">艺术家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/0760c5f9-7128-43b6-a69c-2b3057fb5520">KulturNav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/DDYPyDp8">英国议会</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=55047">现代乌克兰百科全书</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" 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