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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ancestor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voorouer" title="Voorouer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Voorouer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%81_(%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%84)" title="سلف (أصل) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلف (أصل)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipasau" title="Antipasau – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Antipasau" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestru" title="Ancestru – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ancestru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fcdad" title="Əcdad – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əcdad" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawitan" title="Kawitan – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kawitan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B3%CD%98-sian" title="Chó͘-sian – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chó͘-sian" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoon" title="Apoon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Apoon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestre" title="Ancestre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ancestre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%81%C4%95%D0%BB" title="Несĕл – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Несĕл" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodinn%C3%BD_p%C5%AFvod" title="Rodinný původ – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rodinný původ" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voreldre" title="Voreldre – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Voreldre" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorfahr" title="Vorfahr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vorfahr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestro" title="Ancestro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ancestro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praulo" title="Praulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Praulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbaso" title="Arbaso – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arbaso" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نیاکان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیاکان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anc%C3%AAtre" title="Ancêtre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ancêtre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foar%C3%A2lden" title="Foarâlden – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Foarâlden" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%83%81" title="조상 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조상" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C" title="पूर्वज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पूर्वज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predak" title="Predak – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Predak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestro" title="Ancestro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ancestro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leluhur" title="Leluhur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Leluhur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okhokho" title="Okhokho – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Okhokho" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenato" title="Antenato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antenato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F" title="אדם הראשון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדם הראשון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Had%C9%9Bt%CA%8A" title="Hadɛtʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hadɛtʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%9C" title="ಪೂರ್ವಜ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೂರ್ವಜ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Предок – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Предок" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razana" title="Razana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Razana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C" title="पूर्वज – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पूर्वज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leluhur" title="Leluhur – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Leluhur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C5%AB-c%C5%ADng" title="Cū-cŭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cū-cŭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voorouder" title="Voorouder – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Voorouder" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veurolder" title="Veurolder – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Veurolder" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="तपाय् – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तपाय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A5%96" title="先祖 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="先祖" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="نيکونه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نيکونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wst%C4%99pny" title="Wstępny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wstępny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antepassado" title="Antepassado – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antepassado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Предок – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Предок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Өбүгэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Өбүгэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraardh%C3%ABsi" title="Paraardhësi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Paraardhësi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestor" title="Ancestor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ancestor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%8F%DA%99%D8%A7" title="وڏڙا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وڏڙا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prednik" title="Prednik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prednik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="بەرەباب – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەرەباب" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Предак – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Предак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rf%C3%A4der" title="Förfäder – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förfäder" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninuno" title="Ninuno – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ninuno" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="மூதாதை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூதாதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imeru" title="Imeru – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Imeru" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/bnkisan" title="bnkisan – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="bnkisan" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9" title="บรรพบุรุษ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บรรพบุรุษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ниёкон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ниёкон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Предок – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Предок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A4_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="آبا ؤ اجداد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آبا ؤ اجداد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95_ti%C3%AAn" title="Tổ tiên – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổ tiên" 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							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"><span class="cdx-icon cdx-icon--medium
							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Ancestor">reviewed</a> on <i>25 January 2025</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Person from whom another person is descended</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ancestor_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ancestor (disambiguation)">Ancestor (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ancestry", "Forefather", and "Ancestress" redirect here. For the genealogy company, see <a href="/wiki/Ancestry.com" title="Ancestry.com">Ancestry.com</a>. For the band, see <a href="/wiki/Forefather_(band)" title="Forefather (band)">Forefather (band)</a>. For the song, see <a href="/wiki/Ancestress_(song)" title="Ancestress (song)">Ancestress (song)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ancestor" title="Special:EditPage/Ancestor">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ancestor%22">"Ancestor"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ancestor%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ancestor%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ancestor%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ancestor%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ancestor%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-{{{name=Unbalanced_human-centric}}} plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg/24px-Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg/35px-Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg/47px-Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="861" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article about <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a> may be <b>excessively human-centric</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ancestor&action=edit">improve coverage for other species</a> and discuss this issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Ancestor" title="Talk:Ancestor">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2025</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An <b>ancestor</b>, also known as a <b>forefather</b>, <b>fore-elder</b>, or a <b>forebear</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Parent" title="Parent">parent</a> or (<a href="/wiki/Recursion" title="Recursion">recursively</a>) the parent of an <a href="/wiki/Antecedent_(genealogy)" title="Antecedent (genealogy)">antecedent</a> (i.e., a <a href="/wiki/Grandparent" title="Grandparent">grandparent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great-grandparent" class="mw-redirect" title="Great-grandparent">great-grandparent</a>, great-great-grandparent and so forth). <i>Ancestor</i> is "any person from whom one is descended. In law, the person from whom an <a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">estate</a> has been <a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">inherited</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship">Relationship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancestor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Relationship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two individuals have a <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetic</a> relationship if one is the ancestor of the other or if they share a common ancestor. In <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolutionary</a> theory, species which share an evolutionary ancestor are said to be of <a href="/wiki/Common_descent" title="Common descent">common descent</a>. However, this concept of ancestry does not apply to some <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> and other organisms capable of <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_gene_transfer" title="Horizontal gene transfer">horizontal gene transfer</a>. Some research suggests that the average person has twice as many female ancestors as male ancestors. This might have been due to the past prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Polygyny" title="Polygyny">polygynous</a> relations and female <a href="/wiki/Hypergamy" title="Hypergamy">hypergamy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Assuming that all of an individual's ancestors are otherwise unrelated to each other, that individual has 2<sup><i>n</i></sup> ancestors in the <i>n</i>th generation before them and a total of 2<sup><i>g</i>+1</sup> − 2 ancestors in the <i>g</i> generations before them. In practice, however, it is clear that most ancestors of humans (and any other species) are multiply related (see <a href="/wiki/Pedigree_collapse" title="Pedigree collapse">pedigree collapse</a>). Consider <i>n</i> = 40: the human species is more than 40 generations old, yet the number 2<sup>40</sup>, approximately 10<sup>12</sup> or one trillion, dwarfs the <a href="/wiki/Number_of_humans_who_have_ever_lived" class="mw-redirect" title="Number of humans who have ever lived">number of humans who have ever lived</a>. </p><p>Some cultures confer reverence to ancestors, both living and dead; in contrast, some more youth-oriented cultural contexts display less veneration of elders. In other cultural contexts, <a href="/wiki/Ancestor_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestor worship">ancestor worship</a> or, more accurately, <a href="/wiki/Ancestor_veneration" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestor veneration">ancestor veneration</a> is when people seek <a href="/wiki/Divine_providence" title="Divine providence">providence</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title=" (November 2020)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> from their deceased ancestors.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancestor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic humans">Archaic humans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collateral_descendant" class="mw-redirect" title="Collateral descendant">Collateral descendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consanguinity" title="Consanguinity">Consanguinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">Mitochondrial DNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_chromosome" title="Y chromosome">Y chromosome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy" title="Genealogy">Genealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_genealogy" title="Genetic genealogy">Genetic genealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)" title="Lineage (anthropology)">Lineage (anthropology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineal_descendant" title="Lineal descendant">Lineal descendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most_recent_common_ancestor" title="Most recent common ancestor">Most recent common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progenitor" title="Progenitor">Progenitor</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancestor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/forefather">"Thesaurus results for FOREFATHER"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407155257/https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/forefather">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Online+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Thesaurus+results+for+FOREFATHER&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fthesaurus%2Fforefather&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncestor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Websters New World Dictionary</i>. Cleveland and New York: The World Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Websters+New+World+Dictionary&rft.place=Cleveland+and+New+York&rft.pub=The+World+Publishing+Company&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncestor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTierney2007" class="citation web cs1">Tierney, John (5 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tierneylab.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/05/the-missing-men-in-your-family-tree/">"The Missing Men in Your Family Tree"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180505211842/https://tierneylab.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/05/the-missing-men-in-your-family-tree/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Missing+Men+in+Your+Family+Tree&rft.date=2007-09-05&rft.aulast=Tierney&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftierneylab.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F09%2F05%2Fthe-missing-men-in-your-family-tree%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncestor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHu2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hu, Anning (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/43709965">"Ancestor Worship in Contemporary China: An Empirical Investigation"</a>. <i>China Review</i>. <b>16</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">169–</span>186. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43709965">43709965</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220502083053/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43709965">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Review&rft.atitle=Ancestor+Worship+in+Contemporary+China%3A+An+Empirical+Investigation&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E169-%3C%2Fspan%3E186&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43709965%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Anning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43709965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncestor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2005" class="citation journal cs1">Clark, Kelly James (2005-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02857007">"The gods of Abraham, Isaiah, and Confucius"</a>. <i>Dao</i>. <b>5</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">109–</span>136. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fbf02857007">10.1007/bf02857007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1540-3009">1540-3009</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170986424">170986424</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dao&rft.atitle=The+gods+of+Abraham%2C+Isaiah%2C+and+Confucius&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E109-%3C%2Fspan%3E136&rft.date=2005-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170986424%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1540-3009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fbf02857007&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Kelly+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1007%2Fbf02857007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncestor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancestor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="/wiki/Stepparent" class="mw-redirect" title="Stepparent">Stepparent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepfather" title="Stepfather">stepfather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepmother" title="Stepmother">stepmother</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepchild" title="Stepchild">Stepchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepsibling" title="Stepsibling">Stepsibling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kinship_terminology" title="Kinship terminology">Kinship terminology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_kinship" title="Australian Aboriginal kinship">Australian Aboriginal kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoption" title="Adoption">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_(law)" title="Affinity (law)">Affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consanguinity" title="Consanguinity">Consanguinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disownment" title="Disownment">Disownment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_estrangement" title="Family estrangement">Estrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_choice" title="Family of choice">Family of choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictive_kinship" title="Fictive kinship">Fictive kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurture_kinship" title="Nurture kinship">Nurture kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_kinship" title="Chinese kinship">Chinese kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_kinship" title="Hawaiian kinship">Hawaiian kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_kinship" title="Sudanese kinship">Sudanese kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskimo_kinship" title="Eskimo kinship">Eskimo kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_kinship" title="Iroquois kinship">Iroquois kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_kinship" title="Crow kinship">Crow kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha_kinship" title="Omaha kinship">Omaha kinship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genealogy" title="Genealogy">Genealogy</a><br />and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">lineage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilateral_descent" title="Bilateral descent">Bilateral descent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most_recent_common_ancestor" title="Most recent common ancestor">Common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Family name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heirloom" title="Heirloom">Heirloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heredity" title="Heredity">Heredity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">Inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineal_descendant" title="Lineal descendant">Lineal descendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collateral_(kinship)" title="Collateral (kinship)">collateral descent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">Matrilineality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progenitor" title="Progenitor">Progenitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan" title="Clan">Clan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_descent" title="Royal descent">Royal descent</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Family_trees16" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_tree" title="Family tree">Family trees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedigree_chart" title="Pedigree chart">Pedigree chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genogram" title="Genogram">Genogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahnentafel" title="Ahnentafel">Ahnentafel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genealogical_numbering_systems" title="Genealogical numbering systems">Genealogical numbering systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seize_quartiers" title="Seize quartiers">Seize quartiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarters_of_nobility" title="Quarters of nobility">Quarters of nobility</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relationships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agape" title="Agape">Agape (parental love)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros_(concept)" title="Eros (concept)">Eros (marital love)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philia" title="Philia">Philia (brotherly love)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storge" title="Storge">Storge (familial love)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filial_piety" title="Filial piety">Filial piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyfidelity" title="Polyfidelity">Polyfidelity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Holidays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Day" title="Mother's Day">Mother's Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Day_(United_States)" title="Mother's Day (United States)">U.S.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father%27s_Day" title="Father's Day">Father's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father%E2%80%93Daughter_Day" title="Father–Daughter Day">Father–Daughter Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siblings_Day" title="Siblings Day">Siblings Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandparents%27_Day" title="Grandparents' Day">National Grandparents Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents%27_Day" title="Parents' Day">Parents' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Day" title="Children's Day">Children's Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Day_(Japan)" title="Children's Day (Japan)">Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Day" title="Family Day">Family Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_Day_(Canada)" title="Family Day (Canada)">Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Day" title="American Family Day">American Family Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Families" title="International Day of Families">International Day of Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Family_Week" title="National Family Week">National Family Week</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Family_Week_(UK)" title="National Family Week (UK)">UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Adoption_Day" title="National Adoption Day">National Adoption Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breadwinner_model" title="Breadwinner model">Breadwinner model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_parent" title="Single parent">Single parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_anniversary" title="Wedding anniversary">Wedding anniversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godparent" title="Godparent">Godparent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_order" title="Birth order">Birth order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Only_child" title="Only child">Only child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_child_syndrome" title="Middle child syndrome">Middle child syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_the_family" title="Sociology of the family">Sociology of the family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Motherhood" title="Museum of Motherhood">Museum of Motherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_family" title="Astronaut family">Astronaut family</a></li> 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