CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Scientific Reports - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"107c0026-30c4-4ed6-81f6-054b7d095af5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Scientific_Reports","wgTitle":"Scientific Reports","wgCurRevisionId":1250323527,"wgRevisionId":1250323527,"wgArticleId":32138986,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Articles intentionally citing retracted publications","Use dmy dates from August 2014","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Continuous journals (infobox)","Open access journals (infobox)","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","Nature Research academic journals","Creative Commons Attribution-licensed journals", "Academic journals established in 2011","Multidisciplinary scientific journals","English-language journals","Continuous journals"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Scientific_Reports","wgRelevantArticleId":32138986,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2261792","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site", "mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.15"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Scientific Reports - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Reports"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Reports"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Scientific_Reports rootpage-Scientific_Reports skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Scientific+Reports" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Scientific+Reports" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Scientific+Reports" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Scientific+Reports" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Abstracting_and_indexing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abstracting_and_indexing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Abstracting and indexing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abstracting_and_indexing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reviewing_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reviewing_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reviewing policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reviewing_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Controversial_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversial_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Controversial articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversial_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>2016</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>2018</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>2019</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>2020</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>2021</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resignations_of_editorial_board_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignations_of_editorial_board_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Resignations of editorial board members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignations_of_editorial_board_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Scientific Reports</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="সাইন্টিফিক রিপোর্ট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাইন্টিফিক রিপোর্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Reports" title="Scientific Reports – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Scientific Reports" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Reports" title="Scientific Reports – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Scientific Reports" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Reports" title="Scientific Reports – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Scientific Reports" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Reports" title="Scientific Reports – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Scientific Reports" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Reports" title="Scientific Reports – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Scientific Reports" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B8%ED%8B%B0%ED%94%BD_%EB%A6%AC%ED%8F%AC%EC%B8%A0" title="사이언티픽 리포츠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사이언티픽 리포츠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Reports" title="Scientific Reports – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Scientific Reports" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Reports" title="Scientific Reports – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Scientific Reports" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Reports" title="Scientific Reports – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Scientific Reports" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Reports" title="Scientific Reports – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Scientific Reports" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Reports" title="Scientific Reports – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Scientific Reports" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A" title="科學報告 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科學報告" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2261792#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Reports" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Scientific_Reports" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Reports"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Reports"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Scientific_Reports" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Scientific_Reports" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&oldid=1250323527" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Scientific_Reports&id=1250323527&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FScientific_Reports"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FScientific_Reports"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Scientific_Reports&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Scientific_Reports" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/ISSN_2045-2322" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2261792" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the informal document describing scientific research, see <a href="/wiki/Technical_report" title="Technical report">Technical report</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Academic journal</div><div class="infobox-journal-search" style="display:none;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;"><i><span class="fn">Scientific Reports</span></i><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.stitle=Sci.+Rep.&rft.coden=SRCEC3&rft.eissn=2045-2322&rft_id=info:lccn/2011250880&rft_id=info:oclcnum/732869387&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fsrep%2Findex.html"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scientific_Reports_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Scientific_Reports_Logo.svg/200px-Scientific_Reports_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Scientific_Reports_Logo.svg/300px-Scientific_Reports_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Scientific_Reports_Logo.svg/400px-Scientific_Reports_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_academic_disciplines" title="Outline of academic disciplines">Discipline</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">Natural sciences</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">Edited</a> by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">Rafal Marszalek</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;color:#000;">Publication details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">2011–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">Publisher</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Nature_Portfolio" title="Nature Portfolio">Nature Portfolio</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Periodical_literature#Frequency" title="Periodical literature">Frequency</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">Continuous</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Open access</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Copyright#Transfer,_assignment_and_licensing" title="Copyright">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_Attribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Creative Commons Attribution">Creative Commons Attribution</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">Impact factor</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">3.8 (2023)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;color:#000;">Standard abbreviations<br /><span class="infobox-journal-search plainlinks" style="display:none;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marcinwrochna.github.io/abbrevIso/?search=Scientific_Reports">ISO 4</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.issn.org/services/online-services/access-to-the-ltwa/">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Academic_Journals/Bluebook_journals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Bluebook journals">Bluebook</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://westerncriminology.org/publications/bluebook-abbreviations/">alt</a>)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=2045-2322%5BISSN%5D">NLM</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=Scientific+Reports%5BJournal%5D">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/msnhtml/serials.pdf">MathSciNet</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/search/journals.html?journalName=2045-2322&Submit=Search">alt</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Paid subscription required"><img alt="Paid subscription required" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="947" /></span></span>)</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">ISO 4</a></th><td class="infobox-data identifier" style="text-align:left;"><i>Sci. Rep.</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;color:#000;">Indexing<br /><span class="infobox-journal-search plainlinks" style="display:none;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=issns&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=2045-2322">CODEN</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=titles&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=Scientific+Reports">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/journals/20452322">JSTOR</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/showJournals?browseType=title">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchArg1=2045-2322&argType1=all&searchCode1=KNUM&searchType=2">LCCN</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchArg1=Scientific+Reports&argType1=all&searchCode1=KTIL&searchType=2">alt</a>)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://miar.ub.edu/issn/2045-2322">MIAR</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=2045-2322%5BISSN%5D">NLM</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=Scientific+Reports%5BJournal%5D">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/sources?sortField=citescore&sortDirection=desc&isHiddenField=false&field=issn&issn=2045-2322">Scopus</a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="type"><a href="/wiki/CODEN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CODEN (identifier)">CODEN</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=codens&exactMatch=y&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=SRCEC3">SRCEC3</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="type"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:2045-2322">2045-2322</a><br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="type"><a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2011250880">2011250880</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="type"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> no.</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/732869387">732869387</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;color:#000;">Links</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/index.html">Journal homepage</a></span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Scientific Reports</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Peer-reviewed" class="mw-redirect" title="Peer-reviewed">peer-reviewed</a> <a href="/wiki/Open-access" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-access">open-access</a> <a href="/wiki/Scientific_journal" title="Scientific journal">scientific</a> <a href="/wiki/Mega_journal" title="Mega journal">mega journal</a> published by <a href="/wiki/Nature_Portfolio" title="Nature Portfolio">Nature Portfolio</a>, covering all areas of the <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural sciences</a>. The journal was established in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The journal states that their aim is to assess solely the scientific validity of a submitted paper, rather than its perceived importance, significance, or impact.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2016, the journal became the largest in the world by number of articles, overtaking <i><a href="/wiki/PLOS_ONE" class="mw-redirect" title="PLOS ONE">PLOS ONE</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-THE2016_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abstracting_and_indexing">Abstracting and indexing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Abstracting and indexing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The journal is abstracted and indexed in the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Abstracts_Service" title="Chemical Abstracts Service">Chemical Abstracts Service</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CASSI_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CASSI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Science_Citation_Index_Expanded" title="Science Citation Index Expanded">Science Citation Index Expanded</a>, and selectively in <a href="/wiki/Index_Medicus" title="Index Medicus">Index Medicus</a>/<a href="/wiki/MEDLINE" title="MEDLINE">MEDLINE</a>/<a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MEDLINE_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEDLINE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_Citation_Reports" title="Journal Citation Reports">Journal Citation Reports</a></i>, the journal has a 2023 <a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">impact factor</a> 3.8.<sup id="cite_ref-WoS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reviewing_policy">Reviewing policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reviewing policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Guide to Referees</i> states that to be published, "a paper must be scientifically valid and technically sound in methodology and analysis", and reviewers have to ensure manuscripts "are not assessed based on their perceived importance, significance or impact",<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this procedure has been questioned.<sup id="cite_ref-lowe2016_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lowe2016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversial_articles">Controversial articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Controversial articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2016">2016</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2016"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allegedly duplicated and manipulated images in a 2016 paper that were not detected during peer review led to criticism from the scientific community.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The article was retracted in June 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2018">2018</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2018"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, Scientific Reports appeared on a blacklist from the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center at Sun Yat-sen University in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, amid moves by the Chinese government to create national blacklists for journals.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The face of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> was hidden in an image of baboon feces in a paper published in 2018. The journal later removed the image.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2019">2019</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2019"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2018 paper claimed that a <a href="/wiki/Homeopathic" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeopathic">homeopathic</a> treatment could attenuate pain in rats. It was retracted 8 months later after "swift criticism" from the scientific community.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A controversial 2018 paper suggested that too much bent-neck staring at a cell phone could grow a "horn" on the back of someone's head. The study also failed to mention the conflict of interests of the first author.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paper was later corrected. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020">2020</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2016 study proclaimed that a human papillomavirus (<a href="/wiki/Human_papillomavirus_infection" title="Human papillomavirus infection">HPV</a>) vaccine caused impaired mobility and brain damage in mice. The paper alarmed public health advocates in Japan and worldwide because of the potential side effects of the HPV vaccine on humans. The study was retracted two years later because "the experimental approach does not support the objectives of the study".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It took <i>Scientific Reports</i> more than four years to retract a plagiarized study from a bachelor's thesis of a Hungarian mathematician. The paper, entitled "Modified box dimension and average weighted receiving time on the weighted fractal networks", was published in December 2015, and the plagiarism was reported in January 2016 by the former bachelor student. In April 2020, the paper was retracted.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study published in the journal on June 24, 2019, claimed that fluctuations in the sun were causing global warming.<sup id="cite_ref-zharkova_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zharkova-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on severe criticism from the scientific community, <i>Scientific Reports</i> started an investigation on the validity of this study,<sup id="cite_ref-New_Scientist_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Scientist-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it was retracted by the editors in March 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2021">2021</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2021"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Scientific Reports</i> retracted a 2019 paper in January 2021 which claimed that "both Creationism and Big Bang theory are wrong, and that black holes are the engines driving the universe".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A paper published in July 2020, which said body weight can be correlated with being honest or dishonest, caused consternation among social media users, questioning why <i>Scientific Reports</i> agreed to publish this paper.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paper was eventually retracted in January 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A paper published in September 2021 implied that the Biblical story of the destruction of <a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom and Gomorrah</a> might have been a retelling of an exploding asteroid around the year 1,650 BCE. The paper received criticism on social media and by data sleuths for using a doctored image.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 15, 2023, the following editor’s note was posted on this paper, "Readers are alerted that concerns raised about the data presented and the conclusions of this article are being considered by the Editors. A further editorial response will follow the resolution of these issues."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resignations_of_editorial_board_members">Resignations of editorial board members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Resignations of editorial board members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2015, editor <a href="/wiki/Mark_Maslin" title="Mark Maslin">Mark Maslin</a> resigned because the journal introduced a trial of a fast-track peer-review service for biology manuscripts in exchange for an additional fee.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trial ran for a month.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2017, 19 editorial board members stepped down due to the journal not retracting a plagiarised 2016 study.<sup id="cite_ref-offord2017_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offord2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The article was eventually retracted in March 2018. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nature_Communications" title="Nature Communications">Nature Communications</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cell_Reports" title="Cell Reports">Cell Reports</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ann Koopman (January 10, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.jefferson.edu/librarynews/?p=1595">Nature Launches New Open Access Journal: Scientific Reports</a>, Library News, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_University" title="Thomas Jefferson University">Thomas Jefferson University</a>. Retrieved 24 April 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/journal-policies/referees#criteria">"Criteria for publication"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. Nature Publishing Group.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Criteria+for+publication&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fsrep%2Fjournal-policies%2Freferees%23criteria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2016" class="citation web cs1">Davis, Phil (23 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2016/08/23/scientific-reports-on-track-to-become-largest-journal-in-the-world/">"Scientific Reports On Track To Become Largest Journal In The World"</a>. <i>The Scholarly Kitchen</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Scholarly+Kitchen&rft.atitle=Scientific+Reports+On+Track+To+Become+Largest+Journal+In+The+World&rft.date=2016-08-23&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarlykitchen.sspnet.org%2F2016%2F08%2F23%2Fscientific-reports-on-track-to-become-largest-journal-in-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2017/04/06/scientific-reports-overtakes-plos-one-as-largest-megajournal/">"Scientific Reports Overtakes PLOS ONE As Largest Megajournal"</a>. <i>The Scholarly Kitchen</i>. 6 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Scholarly+Kitchen&rft.atitle=Scientific+Reports+Overtakes+PLOS+ONE+As+Largest+Megajournal&rft.date=2017-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarlykitchen.sspnet.org%2F2017%2F04%2F06%2Fscientific-reports-overtakes-plos-one-as-largest-megajournal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-THE2016-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-THE2016_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/mega-journals-future-stepping-stone-it-or-leap-abyss">"Mega-journals: the future, a stepping stone to it or a leap into the abyss?"</a>. <i>Times Higher Education</i>. 13 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Mega-journals%3A+the+future%2C+a+stepping+stone+to+it+or+a+leap+into+the+abyss%3F&rft.date=2016-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fblog%2Fmega-journals-future-stepping-stone-it-or-leap-abyss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CASSI-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CASSI_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassi.cas.org/search.jsp">"CAS Source Index"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Abstracts_Service" title="Chemical Abstracts Service">Chemical Abstracts Service</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Abstracts+Service&rft.atitle=CAS+Source+Index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcassi.cas.org%2Fsearch.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MEDLINE-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MEDLINE_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/101563288">"Scientific Reports"</a>. <i>NLM Catalog</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">National Center for Biotechnology Information</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NLM+Catalog&rft.atitle=Scientific+Reports&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fnlmcatalog%2F101563288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WoS-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WoS_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Scientific Reports". <a href="/wiki/Journal_Citation_Reports" title="Journal Citation Reports"><i>2023 Journal Citation Reports</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a> (Science ed.). <a href="/wiki/Clarivate" title="Clarivate">Clarivate</a>. 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.btitle=2023+Journal+Citation+Reports&rft.series=Web+of+Science&rft.edition=Science&rft.pub=Clarivate&rft.date=2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/srep/journal-policies/referees#criteria">"Guide to Referees"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Guide+to+Referees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fsrep%2Fjournal-policies%2Freferees%23criteria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lowe2016-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lowe2016_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowe2016" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Lowe_(chemist)" title="Derek Lowe (chemist)">Lowe, Derek</a> (15 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/more-scientific-reports-and-faked-papers">"More on Scientific Reports, And on Faked Papers"</a>. Blog. <i>In the Pipeline</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In+the+Pipeline&rft.atitle=More+on+Scientific+Reports%2C+And+on+Faked+Papers&rft.date=2016-06-15&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fcontent%2Fblog-post%2Fmore-scientific-reports-and-faked-papers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalus2016" class="citation web cs1">Palus, Shannon (10 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://retractionwatch.com/2016/06/10/author-denies-accusations-of-blatant-duplication/">"Author denies accusations of blatant duplication"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retraction_Watch" title="Retraction Watch">Retraction Watch</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retraction+Watch&rft.atitle=Author+denies+accusations+of+blatant+duplication&rft.date=2016-06-10&rft.aulast=Palus&rft.aufirst=Shannon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fretractionwatch.com%2F2016%2F06%2F10%2Fauthor-denies-accusations-of-blatant-duplication%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamieMuniandyKanthimathiHaerian2016" class="citation journal cs1">Samie, Nima; Muniandy, Sekaran; Kanthimathi, M. S.; Haerian, Batoul Sadat; Azudin, Raja Elina Raja (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4916487">"Retraction: Novel piperazine core compound induces death in human liver cancer cells: possible pharmacological properties"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>6</b>: 29056. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...629056S">2016NatSR...629056S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsrep29056">10.1038/srep29056</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4916487">4916487</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27328968">27328968</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Retraction%3A+Novel+piperazine+core+compound+induces+death+in+human+liver+cancer+cells%3A+possible+pharmacological+properties&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=29056&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4916487%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27328968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsrep29056&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016NatSR...629056S&rft.aulast=Samie&rft.aufirst=Nima&rft.au=Muniandy%2C+Sekaran&rft.au=Kanthimathi%2C+M.+S.&rft.au=Haerian%2C+Batoul+Sadat&rft.au=Azudin%2C+Raja+Elina+Raja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4916487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCyranoski2018" class="citation journal cs1">Cyranoski, David (16 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-018-07025-5">"China awaits controversial blacklist of 'poor quality' journals"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>562</b> (7728): <span class="nowrap">471–</span>472. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Natur.562..471C">2018Natur.562..471C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-018-07025-5">10.1038/d41586-018-07025-5</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30353153">30353153</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:256767508">256767508</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=China+awaits+controversial+blacklist+of+%27poor+quality%27+journals&rft.volume=562&rft.issue=7728&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E471-%3C%2Fspan%3E472&rft.date=2018-10-16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fd41586-018-07025-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A256767508%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30353153&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018Natur.562..471C&rft.aulast=Cyranoski&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fd41586-018-07025-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOransky2018" class="citation web cs1">Oransky, Oran (21 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://retractionwatch.com/2018/12/21/unusual-aspects-of-a-figure-aka-a-cartoon-of-trumps-face-in-baboon-feces-disappear-from-a-journal/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Unusual aspects" of a figure — aka a cartoon of Trump's face in baboon feces — disappear from a journal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retraction_Watch" title="Retraction Watch">Retraction Watch</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retraction+Watch&rft.atitle=%22Unusual+aspects%22+of+a+figure+%E2%80%94+aka+a+cartoon+of+Trump%27s+face+in+baboon+feces+%E2%80%94+disappear+from+a+journal&rft.date=2018-12-21&rft.aulast=Oransky&rft.aufirst=Oran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fretractionwatch.com%2F2018%2F12%2F21%2Funusual-aspects-of-a-figure-aka-a-cartoon-of-trumps-face-in-baboon-feces-disappear-from-a-journal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOransky2019" class="citation web cs1">Oransky, Oran (11 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://retractionwatch.com/2019/06/11/permeable-to-bad-science-journal-retracts-paper-hailed-by-proponents-of-homeopathy/#more-100085">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Permeable to bad science:" Journal retracts paper hailed by proponents of homeopathy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retraction_Watch" title="Retraction Watch">Retraction Watch</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retraction+Watch&rft.atitle=%22Permeable+to+bad+science%3A%22+Journal+retracts+paper+hailed+by+proponents+of+homeopathy&rft.date=2019-06-11&rft.aulast=Oransky&rft.aufirst=Oran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fretractionwatch.com%2F2019%2F06%2F11%2Fpermeable-to-bad-science-journal-retracts-paper-hailed-by-proponents-of-homeopathy%2F%23more-100085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuglielmi2018" class="citation journal cs1">Guglielmi, Giorgia (20 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-018-06967-0">"Peer-reviewed homeopathy study sparks uproar in Italy"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>562</b> (7726): <span class="nowrap">173–</span>174. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Natur.562..173G">2018Natur.562..173G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-018-06967-0">10.1038/d41586-018-06967-0</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30301997">30301997</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Peer-reviewed+homeopathy+study+sparks+uproar+in+Italy&rft.volume=562&rft.issue=7726&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E173-%3C%2Fspan%3E174&rft.date=2018-10-20&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30301997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fd41586-018-06967-0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018Natur.562..173G&rft.aulast=Guglielmi&rft.aufirst=Giorgia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fd41586-018-06967-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcus2019" class="citation web cs1">Marcus, Adam (18 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://retractionwatch.com/2019/09/18/text-neck-aka-horns-paper-earns-corrections/#more-116135">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Text neck' — aka 'horns' — paper earns corrections"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retraction_Watch" title="Retraction Watch">Retraction Watch</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retraction+Watch&rft.atitle=%27Text+neck%27+%E2%80%94+aka+%27horns%27+%E2%80%94+paper+earns+corrections&rft.date=2019-09-18&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fretractionwatch.com%2F2019%2F09%2F18%2Ftext-neck-aka-horns-paper-earns-corrections%2F%23more-116135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackett2018" class="citation web cs1">Hackett, Don Ward (11 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.precisionvaccinations.com/scientific-reports-retracting-hpv-article-because-research-approach-did-not-support-study-objectives">"HPV Vaccine Research From Japan Withdrawn"</a>. <i>Precision Vaccinations</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Precision+Vaccinations&rft.atitle=HPV+Vaccine+Research+From+Japan+Withdrawn&rft.date=2018-05-11&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=Don+Ward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.precisionvaccinations.com%2Fscientific-reports-retracting-hpv-article-because-research-approach-did-not-support-study-objectives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcus2020" class="citation web cs1">Marcus, Adam (20 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://retractionwatch.com/2020/04/20/an-author-realized-a-paper-had-plagiarized-his-thesis-it-took-the-journal-four-years-to-retract-it/#more-119283">"An author realized a paper had plagiarized his thesis. It took the journal four years to retract it"</a>. <i>Retraction Watch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retraction+Watch&rft.atitle=An+author+realized+a+paper+had+plagiarized+his+thesis.+It+took+the+journal+four+years+to+retract+it.&rft.date=2020-04-20&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fretractionwatch.com%2F2020%2F04%2F20%2Fan-author-realized-a-paper-had-plagiarized-his-thesis-it-took-the-journal-four-years-to-retract-it%2F%23more-119283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zharkova-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zharkova_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFV._V._Zharkova,_S._J._Shepherd,_S._I._Zharkov_&_E._Popova2019" class="citation journal cs1">V. V. Zharkova, S. J. Shepherd, S. I. Zharkov & E. Popova (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6591297">"Oscillations of the baseline of solar magnetic field and solar irradiance on a millennial timescale"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 9197. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-019-45584-3">10.1038/s41598-019-45584-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6591297">6591297</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31235834">31235834</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Oscillations+of+the+baseline+of+solar+magnetic+field+and+solar+irradiance+on+a+millennial+timescale&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=9197&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6591297%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31235834&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-019-45584-3&rft.au=V.+V.+Zharkova%2C+S.+J.+Shepherd%2C+S.+I.+Zharkov+%26+E.+Popova&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6591297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span><span class="" style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color: #555;"> (Retracted, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-020-61020-3">10.1038/s41598-020-61020-3</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32132618">32132618</a>,  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://retractionwatch.com/2020/03/04/heavily-criticized-paper-blaming-the-sun-for-global-warming-is-retracted/"><i>Retraction Watch</i></a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_Scientist-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-New_Scientist_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughan" class="citation web cs1">Vaughan, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/2209895-journal-criticised-for-study-claiming-sun-is-causing-global-warming/">"Journal criticised for study claiming sun is causing global warming"</a>. <i>New Scientist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Journal+criticised+for+study+claiming+sun+is+causing+global+warming&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2F2209895-journal-criticised-for-study-claiming-sun-is-causing-global-warming%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZharkovaShepherdZharkovPopova2020" class="citation journal cs1">Zharkova, V. V.; Shepherd, S. J.; Zharkov, S. I.; Popova, E. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7055216">"Retraction Note: Oscillations of the baseline of solar magnetic field and solar irradiance on a millennial timescale"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 4336. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NatSR..10.4336Z">2020NatSR..10.4336Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-020-61020-3">10.1038/s41598-020-61020-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7055216">7055216</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32132618">32132618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Retraction+Note%3A+Oscillations+of+the+baseline+of+solar+magnetic+field+and+solar+irradiance+on+a+millennial+timescale&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=4336&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7055216%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32132618&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-020-61020-3&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020NatSR..10.4336Z&rft.aulast=Zharkova&rft.aufirst=V.+V.&rft.au=Shepherd%2C+S.+J.&rft.au=Zharkov%2C+S.+I.&rft.au=Popova%2C+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7055216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcus2021" class="citation web cs1">Marcus, Adam (13 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://retractionwatch.com/2021/01/13/confrontation-is-an-important-element-of-physics-progress-paper-on-black-holes-retracted/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Confrontation is an important element of physics progress:" Paper on black holes retracted"</a>. <i>Retraction Watch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retraction+Watch&rft.atitle=%22Confrontation+is+an+important+element+of+physics+progress%3A%22+Paper+on+black+holes+retracted&rft.date=2021-01-13&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fretractionwatch.com%2F2021%2F01%2F13%2Fconfrontation-is-an-important-element-of-physics-progress-paper-on-black-holes-retracted%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcus2021" class="citation web cs1">Marcus, Adam (13 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://retractionwatch.com/2021/01/13/springer-nature-journal-retracts-bmi-honesty-paper/">"Springer Nature journal retracts BMI, honesty paper"</a>. <i>Retraction Watch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retraction+Watch&rft.atitle=Springer+Nature+journal+retracts+BMI%2C+honesty+paper&rft.date=2021-01-13&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fretractionwatch.com%2F2021%2F01%2F13%2Fspringer-nature-journal-retracts-bmi-honesty-paper%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcus2021" class="citation web cs1">Marcus, Adam (14 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://retractionwatch.com/2021/01/13/deeply-unfair-first-author-of-newly-retracted-paper-on-weight-and-honesty-speaks-out/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Deeply unfair': First author of newly retracted paper on weight and honesty speaks out"</a>. <i>Retraction Watch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retraction+Watch&rft.atitle=%27Deeply+unfair%27%3A+First+author+of+newly+retracted+paper+on+weight+and+honesty+speaks+out&rft.date=2021-01-14&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fretractionwatch.com%2F2021%2F01%2F13%2Fdeeply-unfair-first-author-of-newly-retracted-paper-on-weight-and-honesty-speaks-out%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcus2021" class="citation web cs1">Marcus, Adam (October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://retractionwatch.com/2021/10/01/criticism-engulfs-paper-claiming-an-asteroid-destroyed-biblical-sodom-and-gomorrah/">"Criticism engulfs paper claiming an asteroid destroyed Biblical Sodom and Gomorrah"</a>. <i>Retraction Watch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retraction+Watch&rft.atitle=Criticism+engulfs+paper+claiming+an+asteroid+destroyed+Biblical+Sodom+and+Gomorrah&rft.date=2021-10&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fretractionwatch.com%2F2021%2F10%2F01%2Fcriticism-engulfs-paper-claiming-an-asteroid-destroyed-biblical-sodom-and-gomorrah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKincaid2023" class="citation web cs1">Kincaid, Ellie (21 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://retractionwatch.com/2023/02/21/journal-investigating-sodom-comet-paper-for-data-problems//">"Journal investigating Sodom comet paper for data problems"</a>. <i>Retraction Watch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retraction+Watch&rft.atitle=Journal+investigating+Sodom+comet+paper+for+data+problems&rft.date=2023-02-21&rft.aulast=Kincaid&rft.aufirst=Ellie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fretractionwatch.com%2F2023%2F02%2F21%2Fjournal-investigating-sodom-comet-paper-for-data-problems%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBohannon2015" class="citation journal cs1">Bohannon, John (27 March 2015). "Updated: Editor quits journal over pay-for-expedited peer-review offer". <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aab0391">10.1126/science.aab0391</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Updated%3A+Editor+quits+journal+over+pay-for-expedited+peer-review+offer&rft.date=2015-03-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aab0391&rft.aulast=Bohannon&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCressey2015" class="citation journal cs1">Cressey, Daniel (27 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature.2015.17204">"Concern raised over payment for fast-track peer review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature.2015.17204">10.1038/nature.2015.17204</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:167469822">167469822</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Concern+raised+over+payment+for+fast-track+peer+review&rft.date=2015-03-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature.2015.17204&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A167469822%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Cressey&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fnature.2015.17204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2015" class="citation web cs1">Jackson, Alex (21 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190904092922/http://blogs.nature.com/ofschemesandmemes/2015/04/21/fast-track-peer-review-experiment-first-findings">"Fast-track peer review experiment: First findings"</a>. <i>Of Schemes and Memes Blog</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.nature.com/ofschemesandmemes/2015/04/21/fast-track-peer-review-experiment-first-findings">the original</a> on 4 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Of+Schemes+and+Memes+Blog&rft.atitle=Fast-track+peer+review+experiment%3A+First+findings&rft.date=2015-04-21&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.nature.com%2Fofschemesandmemes%2F2015%2F04%2F21%2Ffast-track-peer-review-experiment-first-findings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-offord2017-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-offord2017_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOfford2017" class="citation web cs1">Offord, Catherine (6 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-scientist.com/the-nutshell/mass-resignation-from-scientific-reportss-editorial-board-30650">"Mass Resignation from Scientific Reports's Editorial Board"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scientist_(magazine)" title="The Scientist (magazine)">The Scientist</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Scientist&rft.atitle=Mass+Resignation+from+Scientific+Reports%27s+Editorial+Board&rft.date=2017-11-06&rft.aulast=Offord&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-scientist.com%2Fthe-nutshell%2Fmass-resignation-from-scientific-reportss-editorial-board-30650&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+Reports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Scientific_Reports" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Scientific Reports">Scientific Reports</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/index.html">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Holtzbrinck_Publishing_Group102" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Holtzbrinck" title="Template:Holtzbrinck"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Holtzbrinck" title="Template talk:Holtzbrinck"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Holtzbrinck" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Holtzbrinck"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Holtzbrinck_Publishing_Group102" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Holtzbrinck_Publishing_Group" title="Holtzbrinck Publishing Group">Holtzbrinck Publishing Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Holtzbrinck</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DIE ZEIT Verlagsgruppe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a></i> (50%) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zeit_Wissen" title="Zeit Wissen">Zeit Wissen</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Spotlight Verlag</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital & Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Science" title="Digital Science">Digital Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altmetric" title="Altmetric">Altmetric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutefrage.net" title="Gutefrage.net">Gutefrage.net</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Holtzbrinck_Publ_Group.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Logo_Holtzbrinck_Publ_Group.png/120px-Logo_Holtzbrinck_Publ_Group.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Logo_Holtzbrinck_Publ_Group.png/180px-Logo_Holtzbrinck_Publ_Group.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Logo_Holtzbrinck_Publ_Group.png/240px-Logo_Holtzbrinck_Publ_Group.png 2x" data-file-width="6850" data-file-height="1476" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United<br />States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farrar,_Straus_and_Giroux" title="Farrar, Straus and Giroux">Farrar, Straus and Giroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Second_Books" title="First Second Books">First Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Holt_and_Company" title="Henry Holt and Company">Henry Holt</a></li> <li>Macmillan Audio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picador_(imprint)" title="Picador (imprint)">Picador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quick_and_Dirty_Tips&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quick and Dirty Tips (page does not exist)">Quick and Dirty Tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_Books" title="Tor Books">Tor/Forge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor.com">Tor.com</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Macmillan Learning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedford-St._Martin%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedford-St. Martin's">Bedford-St. Martin's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._H._Freeman" class="mw-redirect" title="W. H. Freeman">W. H. Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worth_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Worth Publishers">Worth Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iclicker" class="mw-redirect" title="Iclicker">i>clicker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayden-McNeil" title="Hayden-McNeil">Hayden-McNeil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children's</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farrar,_Straus_and_Giroux" title="Farrar, Straus and Giroux">FSG Books for Young Readers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feiwel_and_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Feiwel and Friends">Feiwel and Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Holt_and_Company" title="Henry Holt and Company">Holt Books for Young Readers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingfisher_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingfisher (publisher) (page does not exist)">Kingfisher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roaring_Brook_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roaring Brook (publisher) (page does not exist)">Roaring Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Priddy_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Priddy (publisher) (page does not exist)">Priddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_Fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Square Fish">Square Fish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United<br />Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Books" title="Pan Books">Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picador_(imprint)" title="Picador (imprint)">Picador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_Books" title="Tor Books">Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Children%27s_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Macmillan Children's Books">Macmillan Children's Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Campbell" title="Rod Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picador_(imprint)" title="Picador (imprint)">Young Picador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidgwick_%26_Jackson" title="Sidgwick & Jackson">Sidgwick & Jackson</a></li> <li>Mantle</li> <li>Macmillan Audio Books</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macmillan_New_Writing" title="Macmillan New Writing">Macmillan New Writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collector%27s_Library" title="The Collector's Library">The Collector's Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S._Fischer_Verlag" title="S. Fischer Verlag">S. Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowohlt_Verlag" title="Rowohlt Verlag">Rowohlt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiepenheuer_%26_Witsch" title="Kiepenheuer & Witsch">Kiepenheuer & Witsch</a> (85%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droemer_Knaur" title="Droemer Knaur">Droemer Knaur</a> (50%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a> (53%)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apress" class="mw-redirect" title="Apress">Apress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BioMed_Central" title="BioMed Central">BioMed Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkh%C3%A4user" title="Birkhäuser">Birkhäuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Education" title="Macmillan Education">Macmillan Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Research">Nature Research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nature_Research_academic_journals" title="Category:Nature Research academic journals">Journals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palgrave_Macmillan_academic_journals" title="Category:Palgrave Macmillan academic journals">Journals</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media_academic_journals" title="Category:Springer Science+Business Media academic journals">Journals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springer_Gabler" title="Springer Gabler">Springer Gabler</a></li> <li>Springer Medizin <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%84rzte-Zeitung" title="Ärzte-Zeitung">Ärzte-Zeitung</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springer_Vieweg_Verlag" title="Springer Vieweg Verlag">Springer Vieweg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&oldid=1250323527">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&oldid=1250323527</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nature_Research_academic_journals" title="Category:Nature Research academic journals">Nature Research academic journals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Creative_Commons_Attribution-licensed_journals" title="Category:Creative Commons Attribution-licensed journals">Creative Commons Attribution-licensed journals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_journals_established_in_2011" title="Category:Academic journals established in 2011">Academic journals established in 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Multidisciplinary_scientific_journals" title="Category:Multidisciplinary scientific journals">Multidisciplinary scientific journals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-language_journals" title="Category:English-language journals">English-language journals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Continuous_journals" title="Category:Continuous journals">Continuous journals</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_intentionally_citing_retracted_publications" title="Category:Articles intentionally citing retracted publications">Articles intentionally citing retracted publications</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2014" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2014">Use dmy dates from August 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Continuous_journals_(infobox)" title="Category:Continuous journals (infobox)">Continuous journals (infobox)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Open_access_journals_(infobox)" title="Category:Open access journals (infobox)">Open access journals (infobox)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 October 2024, at 18:58<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Reports&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><i>Scientific Reports</i></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>13 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-ff47b69b6-b2llg","wgBackendResponseTime":107,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.527","walltime":"0.670","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3804,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":120560,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3982,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":125602,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 608.131 1 -total"," 41.69% 253.549 1 Template:Reflist"," 27.27% 165.867 1 Template:Infobox_journal"," 26.04% 158.379 21 Template:Cite_web"," 14.12% 85.895 4 Template:Navbox"," 13.80% 83.898 1 Template:Holtzbrinck"," 12.89% 78.367 1 Template:Infobox"," 12.41% 75.454 10 Template:Main_other"," 8.22% 49.967 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.37% 38.765 3 Template:Namespace_detect"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.327","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6601979,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-9664bf54d-nmh5j","timestamp":"20250210164931","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Scientific Reports","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scientific_Reports","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2261792","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2261792","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-06-19T15:05:10Z","dateModified":"2024-10-09T18:58:15Z","headline":"scientific journal"}</script> </body> </html>