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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Independent_kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Independent kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burmese_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burmese_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Burmese rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burmese_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>British rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burmese_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burmese_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Burmese independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burmese_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_onwards_(after_2008_constitution)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_onwards_(after_2008_constitution)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>2010 onwards (after 2008 constitution)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_onwards_(after_2008_constitution)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resurgence_of_armed_conflict_(2016–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resurgence_of_armed_conflict_(2016–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Resurgence of armed conflict (2016–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resurgence_of_armed_conflict_(2016–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_repression_by_the_Myanmar_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_repression_by_the_Myanmar_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Political repression by the Myanmar government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_repression_by_the_Myanmar_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020_-_Present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_-_Present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>2020 - Present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_-_Present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_Interests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_Interests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Global Interests</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Global_Interests-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Global Interests subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Global_Interests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Health care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rakhine State</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanggro%C3%AB_Rakhine" title="Nanggroë Rakhine – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Nanggroë Rakhine" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ولاية راخين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ولاية راخين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="ৰাখাইন ৰাজ্য – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাখাইন ৰাজ্য" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="রাখাইন রাজ্য – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাখাইন রাজ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhine_Chiu" title="Rakhine Chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Rakhine Chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Ракхайн (штат) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ракхайн (штат)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arakan" title="Arakan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arakan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhine_State" title="Rakhine State – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rakhine State" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arakansk%C3%BD_st%C3%A1t" title="Arakanský stát – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Arakanský stát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhine_(stat)" title="Rakhine (stat) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rakhine (stat)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhaing-Staat" title="Rakhaing-Staat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rakhaing-Staat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arakani_osariik" title="Arakani osariik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arakani osariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_Rak%C3%A1in" title="Estado Rakáin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado Rakáin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%A5ine" title="Raĥine – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Raĥine" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhine_(estatua)" title="Rakhine (estatua) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rakhine (estatua)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ایالت راخین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایالت راخین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_d%27Arakan" title="État d'Arakan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="État d'Arakan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC" title="라카인주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라카인주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="रखाइन राज्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रखाइन राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_Rakhine" title="Stato Rakhine – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Stato Rakhine" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_Bagian_Rakhine" title="Negara Bagian Rakhine – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Negara Bagian Rakhine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_Rakhine" title="Stato Rakhine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stato Rakhine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ראקין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראקין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohingya" title="Rohingya – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rohingya" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅರಕಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅರಕಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dola_la_Rakhaing" title="Dola la Rakhaing – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dola la Rakhaing" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%8C" title="ລັດຣາໄຄນ໌ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລັດຣາໄຄນ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachin%C5%B3_valstija" title="Rachinų valstija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rachinų valstija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD_(%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Ракајн (држава) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ракајн (држава)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="റാഖൈൻ സംസ്ഥാനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റാഖൈൻ സംസ്ഥാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="रखिन राज्य – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रखिन राज्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri_Rakhine" title="Negeri Rakhine – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Negeri Rakhine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%81%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhine" title="Rakhine – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rakhine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="ラカイン州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラカイン州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhine_(stat)" title="Rakhine (stat) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rakhine (stat)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="راکھائن ریاست – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="راکھائن ریاست" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%81%E1%80%B2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F" title="ရခဲင်ႏခမ်းနယ်ႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ရခဲင်ႏခမ်းနယ်ႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhine" title="Rakhine – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rakhine" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrac%C3%A3o_(estado)" title="Arracão (estado) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arracão (estado)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Ракхайн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ракхайн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B" title="ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86)" title="اراکان (راکھائن) – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="اراکان (راکھائن)" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhine_State" title="Rakhine State – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rakhine State" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhine_State" title="Rakhine State – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rakhine State" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD_(%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Ракајн (држава) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ракајн (држава)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEava_Rakhine" title="Država Rakhine – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Država Rakhine" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhine" title="Rakhine – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rakhine" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhine" title="Rakhine – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rakhine" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_ng_Rakhine" title="Estado ng Rakhine – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Estado ng Rakhine" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இராகினி மாநிலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இராகினி மாநிலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B8%E1%82%84%E1%82%88%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%81%B6%E1%82%85%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="ၸႄႈမိူင်းရၶႅင်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၸႄႈမိူင်းရၶႅင်ႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88" title="รัฐยะไข่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐยะไข่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Ракхайн – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ракхайн" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhaynya" title="Rakhaynya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rakhaynya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Ракайн (штат) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ракайн (штат)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="راکھائن ریاست – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="راکھائن ریاست" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhine" title="Rakhine – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rakhine" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhine_(estado)" title="Rakhine (estado) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rakhine (estado)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E5%BC%80%E9%82%A6" title="若开邦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="若开邦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E9%96%8B%E9%82%A6" title="若開邦 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="若開邦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E9%96%8B%E9%82%A6" title="若開邦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="若開邦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q233838#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rakhine_State" title="View the content page [c]" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rakhine_State&params=19_30_N_94_0_E_region:MM-16_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">19°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">94°0′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">19.500°N 94.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">19.500; 94.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State of Myanmar</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Rakhine (disambiguation)">Rakhine (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Lower, Myanmar</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Rakhine State</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Arakan State</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Burma">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/MLC_Transcription_System" title="MLC Transcription System">Myanma</a> transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_language" title="Rakhine language">Rakhine</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Rakhine-language text"><i lang="rki-Latn">Rakhai Pray Nay</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Burmese-language text"><i lang="my-Latn">ra.hkuing: prany nai</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ngapali_beach_and_surrounding_area,_Rakhine_State_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ngapali beach in Rakhine state"><img alt="Ngapali beach in Rakhine state" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ngapali_beach_and_surrounding_area%2C_Rakhine_State_07.jpg/250px-Ngapali_beach_and_surrounding_area%2C_Rakhine_State_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ngapali_beach_and_surrounding_area%2C_Rakhine_State_07.jpg/500px-Ngapali_beach_and_surrounding_area%2C_Rakhine_State_07.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1565" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Ngapali beach in Rakhine state</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Rakhine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Rakhine State"><img alt="Flag of Rakhine State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Rakhine.svg/100px-Flag_of_Rakhine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Rakhine.svg/150px-Flag_of_Rakhine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Rakhine.svg/200px-Flag_of_Rakhine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Rakhine_State" title="Flag of Rakhine State">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rakhinelogo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Rakhine State"><img alt="Official seal of Rakhine State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Rakhinelogo.jpg/120px-Rakhinelogo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Rakhinelogo.jpg/150px-Rakhinelogo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Rakhinelogo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rakhine_State_in_Myanmar.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Rakhine State in Myanmar (Burma)"><img alt="Location of Rakhine State in Myanmar (Burma)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Rakhine_State_in_Myanmar.svg/250px-Rakhine_State_in_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="420" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Rakhine_State_in_Myanmar.svg/330px-Rakhine_State_in_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Rakhine_State_in_Myanmar.svg/500px-Rakhine_State_in_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="2520" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Rakhine State in Myanmar (Burma)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rakhine_State&params=19_30_N_94_0_E_region:MM-16_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">19°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">94°0′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">19.500°N 94.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">19.500; 94.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data">Lower</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before becoming State</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arakan_Division" title="Arakan Division">Arakan Division</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">renamed as Arakan State</th><td class="infobox-data">3 January 1974</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">renamed as Rakhine State</th><td class="infobox-data">18 June 1989</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sittwe" title="Sittwe">Sittwe</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chief_Ministers_of_States_and_Regions_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Ministers of States and Regions of Myanmar">Chief Minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonel_Htein_Lin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonel Htein Lin (page does not exist)">Htein Lin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Cabinet</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rakhine_State_Government" title="Rakhine State Government">Rakhine State Government</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rakhine_State_Hluttaw" title="Rakhine State Hluttaw">Rakhine State Hluttaw</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Judiciary</th><td class="infobox-data">Rakhine State High Court</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">36,778.0 km<sup>2</sup> (14,200.1 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">8th</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kema_Taung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kema Taung (page does not exist)">Kema Taung</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,851 m (6,073 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2014_Myanmar_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Myanmar Census">2014</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,188,807<sup id="cite_ref-census-2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">8th</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Ethnicities</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rakhine_people" title="Rakhine people">Arakanese</a> (Rakhine), <a href="/wiki/Bamar_people" title="Bamar people">Bamars</a> (Burmese), <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_people" title="Rohingya people">Rohingya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamein" title="Kamein">Kamein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zomi_people" title="Zomi people">Chin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mro_people_(Awa_Khami)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mro people (Awa Khami)">Mro</a>, Khami, That, <a href="/wiki/Marma_people" title="Marma people">Marmas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daingnet_people" title="Daingnet people">Daingnet</a> (Chakmas), <a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barua_(Bangladesh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barua (Bangladesh)">Maramagyi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of Myanmar">others</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Religions <br /> (2024 estimate)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>76.7% <a href="/wiki/Theravada_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theravada Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li>21.1% <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li> <li>1.6% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li>0.4% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li>0.1% <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B06:30" title="UTC+06:30">UTC+06:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Standard_Time" title="Myanmar Standard Time">MMT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">MM-16</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2017)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.520<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#900">low</span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of administrative divisions of Myanmar by Human Development Index">13th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rakhinestate.gov.mm">rakhinestate<wbr />.gov<wbr />.mm</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Burmese_character_k.svg/40px-Burmese_character_k.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Burmese_character_k.svg/60px-Burmese_character_k.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Burmese_character_k.svg/80px-Burmese_character_k.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="34" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Burmese_alphabet" title="Burmese alphabet">Burmese script</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Burmese)" title="Help:Multilingual support (Burmese)">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Burmese_alphabet" title="Burmese alphabet">Burmese script</a>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Rakhine State</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/ad\/Rakhine_pronunciation.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Rakhine pronunciation.mp3"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Rakhine_pronunciation.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Rakhine_pronunciation.mp3" title="File:Rakhine pronunciation.mp3">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_language" title="Rakhine language">Rakhine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>: <span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my" style="font-style: normal;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1204105569">.mw-parser-output .script-myanmar{line-height:100%;font-family:"Noto Sans Myanmar",Pyidaungsu,"Myanmar Text",Myanmar3,Myanmar2,Myanmar1,Padauk,mm3web,TharLon,"Masterpiece Uni Sans",Parabaik,Yunghkio,Thanlwin,"Win Uni Innwa","MyMyanmar Unicode","WinUni Innwa"}</style><span class="script-myanmar">ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်</span></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/MLC_Transcription_System" title="MLC Transcription System">MLCTS</a>: <i><span title="Transcription in Myanmar Language Commission Transcription System">ra.hkuing pranynai</span></i>, <span style="font-size:85%;">Rakhine pronunciation</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="my-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[ɹəkʰàiɰ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>pɹènè]</a></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Burmese pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="my-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[jəkʰàiɰ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>pjìnɛ̀]</a></span>), formerly known as <b>Arakan State</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar" title="Administrative divisions of Myanmar">state</a> in <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> (Burma). Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Chin_State" title="Chin State">Chin State</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Magway_Region" title="Magway Region">Magway Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bago_Region" title="Bago Region">Bago Region</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ayeyarwady_Region" title="Ayeyarwady Region">Ayeyarwady Region</a> to the east, the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> to the west and the <a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Division" title="Chittagong Division">Chattogram Division</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> to the northwest. It is located approximately between latitudes 17°30' north and 21°30' north and longitudes 92°10' east and 94°50' east. The <a href="/wiki/Arakan_Mountains" title="Arakan Mountains">Arakan Mountains</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_Yoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakhine Yoma">Rakhine Yoma</a> separated Rakhine State from central Burma from North to South. Off the coast of Rakhine State there are some fairly large islands such as <a href="/wiki/Ramree_Island" title="Ramree Island">Ramree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheduba" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheduba">Cheduba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myingun_Island" title="Myingun Island">Myingun</a>. Rakhine State has an area of 36,762 square kilometres (14,194 sq mi) and its capital is <a href="/wiki/Sittwe" title="Sittwe">Sittwe</a> (formerly known as Akyab).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_people#Ethnonyms" title="Rakhine people">Rakhine people § Ethnonyms</a></div> <p>The state was historically known as <b>Arakan</b> in English until the Burmese government adopted the English name <b>Rakhine</b> in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Arakan" title="Arakan">Arakan</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Rakhine" title="History of Rakhine">History of Rakhine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver_coin_of_king_Nitichandra_Arakan_Brahmi_legend_NITI_in_front_Shrivatasa_symbol_reverse_8th_century_CE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Silver_coin_of_king_Nitichandra_Arakan_Brahmi_legend_NITI_in_front_Shrivatasa_symbol_reverse_8th_century_CE.jpg/220px-Silver_coin_of_king_Nitichandra_Arakan_Brahmi_legend_NITI_in_front_Shrivatasa_symbol_reverse_8th_century_CE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Silver_coin_of_king_Nitichandra_Arakan_Brahmi_legend_NITI_in_front_Shrivatasa_symbol_reverse_8th_century_CE.jpg/330px-Silver_coin_of_king_Nitichandra_Arakan_Brahmi_legend_NITI_in_front_Shrivatasa_symbol_reverse_8th_century_CE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Silver_coin_of_king_Nitichandra_Arakan_Brahmi_legend_NITI_in_front_Shrivatasa_symbol_reverse_8th_century_CE.jpg/440px-Silver_coin_of_king_Nitichandra_Arakan_Brahmi_legend_NITI_in_front_Shrivatasa_symbol_reverse_8th_century_CE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2525" data-file-height="1237" /></a><figcaption>Silver coin of king <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitichandra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitichandra (page does not exist)">Nitichandra</a>, Arakan. <a href="/wiki/Brahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi">Brahmi</a> legend "NITI" in front, <a href="/wiki/Shrivatasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrivatasa">Shrivatasa</a> symbol on the reverse. 8th century CE.</figcaption></figure> <p>The history of the region of <a href="/wiki/Arakan" title="Arakan">Arakan</a> (now renamed Rakhine State) can be roughly divided into seven parts. The first four divisions and the periods are based on the location of the centre of power of the main polities in the northern Rakhine region, especially along the Kaladan River. Thus, the history is divided into the <a href="/wiki/Dhanyawadi" title="Dhanyawadi">Dhanyawadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waithali_Kingdom" title="Waithali Kingdom">Waithali</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Rakhine#Le-Mro" title="History of Rakhine">Laymro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mrauk_U" title="Kingdom of Mrauk U">Mrauk U</a>. Mrauk U was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Konbaung dynasty</a> of Burma in 1784–85, after which Rakhine became part of the Konbaung kingdom of Burma. In 1824, the first <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Burmese_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Burmese war">Anglo-Burmese war</a> erupted and in 1826, Rakhine (alongside <a href="/wiki/Tanintharyi_Region" title="Tanintharyi Region">Tanintharyi</a>) was ceded to the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">British East India Company</a> as <a href="/wiki/War_reparations" title="War reparations">war reparations</a> by the Burmese. Rakhine thus became part of the <a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">province of Burma</a> in <a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">British India</a>. In 1948, Burma was given independence and Rakhine became part of the newly independent state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_kingdom">Independent kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Independent kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in the 400s, the <a href="/wiki/Pyu_city-states" title="Pyu city-states">Pyus</a> and Kanyans of Tibeto-Burman people began migrating westward, crossing the <a href="/wiki/Arakan_Mountains" title="Arakan Mountains">Arakan Mountains</a> and settling in what is now Rakhine State.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:20_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1100s, they had consolidated control of the region, becoming a tributary state of the <a href="/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan Kingdom">Pagan Empire</a> until the 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:20_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, these Tibeto-Burmans mixed with <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_peoples" title="Indo-Aryan peoples">Indo-Aryans</a> and formed a distinct cultural identity, eventually becoming the <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_people" title="Rakhine people">Rakhine people</a> (also known as the Arakanese).<sup id="cite_ref-:20_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:21_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Arakanese legend, the first recorded kingdom was founded by the <a href="/wiki/Sakya" title="Sakya">Sakya clan</a> of Buddha who are ancient Hindus Indo-aryans, centred around the northern town of <a href="/wiki/Dhanyawadi" title="Dhanyawadi">Dhanyawadi</a>, arose in the 34th century BCE and lasted until 327 CE. Rakhine documents and inscriptions state that the famed <a href="/wiki/Mahamuni_Buddha_Temple" title="Mahamuni Buddha Temple">Mahamuni Buddha image</a> was cast in Dhanyawady in around 554 BCE when the Buddha visited the kingdom. After the fall of Dhanyawadi in the 4th century CE, the centre of power shifted to a new dynasty based in the town of <a href="/wiki/Waithali" title="Waithali">Waithali</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Waithali_Kingdom" title="Waithali Kingdom">Waithali kingdom</a> ruled the regions of Arakan from the middle of the 4th century to 818 CE. The period is seen as the classical period of Arakan culture, architecture and Buddhism, as the Waithali period left behind more archaeological remains than its predecessor. A new dynasty emerged in four towns along the <a href="/wiki/Lemyo_River" title="Lemyo River">Lemyo River</a> as Waithali waned in influence, and ushered in the Lemro period, where four principal towns served as successive capitals.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1555-56_CE_World_Map.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/1555-56_CE_World_Map.PNG/250px-1555-56_CE_World_Map.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/1555-56_CE_World_Map.PNG/330px-1555-56_CE_World_Map.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/1555-56_CE_World_Map.PNG/500px-1555-56_CE_World_Map.PNG 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="2234" /></a><figcaption>World Map during 1555 CE, Rakhine (Arakan) is seen neighbouring the Toungoo Empire and Bengal</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mrauk_U" title="Kingdom of Mrauk U">Kingdom of Mrauk U</a> which was founded in 1429 by <a href="/wiki/Min_Saw_Mon" title="Min Saw Mon">Min Saw Mon</a> was the final independent Arakanese kingdom. It is seen by the Rakhine people as the golden age of their history, as Mrauk U served as a commercially important port and base of power in the Bay of Bengal region and involved in extensive maritime trade. The Kingdom of Mrauk-U went on to conquer <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a> with the help of the Portuguese. The country steadily declined from the 18th century onwards after its loss of Chittagong to the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>. Internal instability, rebellion and dethroning of kings were very common. The Portuguese, during the era of their greatness in Asia, gained a temporary establishment in Arakan.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Phayre1841_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phayre1841-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Subrahmanyam2012_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subrahmanyam2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LachKley1993_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LachKley1993-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burmese_rule">Burmese rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Burmese rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 2 January 1785, the internally divided kingdom fell to invading forces of the <a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Konbaung dynasty</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mahamuni_Buddha_Temple" title="Mahamuni Buddha Temple">Mahamuni Image</a> was taken away by the Burmese Forces as war loot. Thus, an expansionist Burma came into direct territorial contact with territories of the British East India Company, which set the stage for future flaring of hostility. Various geopolitical issues gave rise to the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="First Anglo-Burmese War">First Anglo-Burmese War</a> (1824–26). As the image of Mahamuni had been taken as war loot by the Burmese, this time the huge bell of the temple was taken by the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_armies" title="Presidency armies">Presidency armies</a> and awarded to an Indian soldier, Bhim Singh, a Risaldar in the 2nd Battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Army" title="Bengal Army">Bengal Army</a>, for his bravery. This inscribed huge bell is still installed in a temple at village Nadrai near <a href="/wiki/Kasganj" title="Kasganj">Kasganj</a> town in present-day Kanshiram Nagar District of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> India. In the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Yandabo" title="Treaty of Yandabo">Treaty of Yandabo</a> (1826), which ended hostilities, Burma ceded Arakan alongside <a href="/wiki/Tanintharyi_Region" title="Tanintharyi Region">Tanintharyi</a> (Tenasserim) to British India. The British made Akyab (now Sittwe) the capital of Arakan. Later, Arakan became part of the province of Burma of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Indian Empire</a>, and then part of <a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">British Burma</a> when Burma was made into a separate <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">crown colony</a>. Arakan was administratively divided into three districts along traditional divisions during the Mrauk U period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_rule">British rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: British rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Arakan_Division" title="Arakan Division">Arakan Division</a></div> <p>Rakhine was the centre of multiple insurgencies which fought against British rule, notably led by the monks <a href="/wiki/U_Ottama" title="U Ottama">U Ottama</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=U_Seinda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U Seinda (page does not exist)">U Seinda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Second World War, Rakhine was given autonomy under the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Burma" title="Japanese occupation of Burma">Japanese occupation of Burma</a> and was even granted its own army known as the Arakan Defense Force. The Arakan Defense Force went over to the allies and turned against the Japanese in early 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-BaylyHarper2005_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BaylyHarper2005-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rakhine (Arakan) was the site of many battles during the Second World War, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Arakan_Campaign_1942%E2%80%9343" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakan Campaign 1942–43">Arakan Campaign 1942–43</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramree_Island" title="Battle of Ramree Island">Battle of Ramree Island</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laung_Bwann_Brauk_pagoda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Laung_Bwann_Brauk_pagoda.jpg/250px-Laung_Bwann_Brauk_pagoda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Laung_Bwann_Brauk_pagoda.jpg/330px-Laung_Bwann_Brauk_pagoda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Laung_Bwann_Brauk_pagoda.jpg/500px-Laung_Bwann_Brauk_pagoda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1420" /></a><figcaption>Laung Bwann Brauk Pagoda</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burmese_independence">Burmese independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Burmese independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1948, Rakhine became a division within the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Burma_(1948%E2%80%931962)" title="Union of Burma (1948–1962)">Union of Burma</a>, and the three districts became Arakan Division. From the 1950s, there was a growing movement for <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a> and restoration of Arakan independence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_onwards_(after_2008_constitution)"><span id="2010_onwards_.28after_2008_constitution.29"></span>2010 onwards (after 2008 constitution)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2010 onwards (after 2008 constitution)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2010, Rakhine state has had two chief ministers: Hla Maung Tin and Major General Maung Maung Ohn. Hla Maung Tin ( January 2011 – 20 June 2014) was an elected Rakhine <a href="/wiki/State_and_Region_Hluttaws" class="mw-redirect" title="State and Region Hluttaws">State Hluttaw</a> member representing USDP from <a href="/wiki/Ann_Township" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann Township">Ann Township</a> in 2010 general election. He resigned from the post after recurrent intense inter-communal conflicts between Muslims and Rakhine ethnic groups in 2012–14.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, he was replaced by Major General Maung Maung Ohn (30 June 2014 – present). Ohn was Deputy Minister for Border Affairs and head of the Rakhine State's Emergency Coordination Center before he was named to become a military-appointed Rakhine State Hluttaw member by Election Commission on 21 June 2014. His appointment as Chief Minister was formalized on 30 June 2014 although Arakan National Party opposed it.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2012, Rakhine State in Myanmar experienced <a href="/wiki/2012_Rakhine_State_riots" title="2012 Rakhine State riots">severe communal violence</a> between ethnic Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims, resulting in at least 88 fatalities, 4,600 homes being burnt and displacement of approximately 100,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resurgence_of_armed_conflict_(2016–present)"><span id="Resurgence_of_armed_conflict_.282016.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Resurgence of armed conflict (2016–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Resurgence of armed conflict (2016–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_Rakhine_State_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Conflict in Rakhine State (2016–present)">Conflict in Rakhine State (2016–present)</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of December 2024, the <a href="/wiki/State_Administration_Council" title="State Administration Council">State Administration Council</a> junta stably possesses only <a href="/wiki/Sittwe_Township" title="Sittwe Township">Sittwe Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyaukpyu_Township" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyaukpyu Township">Kyaukpyu Township</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cheduba_Island" title="Cheduba Island">Munaung Township</a>. The rest of Rakhine State is either controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Arakan_Army" title="Arakan Army">Arakan Army</a>, or heavily contested.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_repression_by_the_Myanmar_government">Political repression by the Myanmar government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Political repression by the Myanmar government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Cleanup_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/120px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may need to be rewritten</b> to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit">You can help</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Talk:Rakhine_State" title="Talk:Rakhine State">talk page</a> may contain suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2025</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide" title="Rohingya genocide">Rohingya genocide</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rohingya_refugees_entering_Bangladesh_after_being_driven_out_of_Myanmar,_2017.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rohingya_refugees_entering_Bangladesh_after_being_driven_out_of_Myanmar%2C_2017.JPG/220px-Rohingya_refugees_entering_Bangladesh_after_being_driven_out_of_Myanmar%2C_2017.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rohingya_refugees_entering_Bangladesh_after_being_driven_out_of_Myanmar%2C_2017.JPG/330px-Rohingya_refugees_entering_Bangladesh_after_being_driven_out_of_Myanmar%2C_2017.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rohingya_refugees_entering_Bangladesh_after_being_driven_out_of_Myanmar%2C_2017.JPG/440px-Rohingya_refugees_entering_Bangladesh_after_being_driven_out_of_Myanmar%2C_2017.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1309" data-file-height="1226" /></a><figcaption>Rohingya refugees entering Bangladesh after being driven out of Rakhine State, 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>The NLD government refused to share executive power at state level after the <a href="/wiki/Arakan_National_Party" title="Arakan National Party">Arakan National Party</a> won a majority of votes in Rakhine State in the 2015 election. The Arakanese repeatedly complained that their proposals in parliament are frequently rejected or not addressed.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 January 2018, thousands of Mrauk U residents <a href="/wiki/Mrauk_U_riot" title="Mrauk U riot">staged a protest</a> after officials banned a memorial event to mark the 233rd anniversary of the end of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mrauk_U" title="Kingdom of Mrauk U">Mrauk U kingdom</a>. Local police opened fire on the crowd, killing seven and wounding 12. Two speakers of the event-<a href="/wiki/Aye_Maung" title="Aye Maung">Aye Maung</a>, a prominent Rakhine politician, was charged under section 17(1) of Unlawful Associations Act and Sections 121 and 505 of the Penal Code, which relate to high treason and incitement and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wai_Hun_Aung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wai Hun Aung (page does not exist)">Wai Hun Aung</a>, a Sittwe-based activist, was filed with public mischief charges under the Penal Code. Eight rakhine youths who were wounded in the protest were detained and charged under Article 6 (1) for allegedly destroying government property and public asset.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, State Counselor Aung San Suu Kyi and the <a href="/wiki/Tatmadaw" title="Tatmadaw">Tatmadaw</a> rejected national-level political dialogue, which was a mandatory step of the <a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Ceasefire_Agreement" title="Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement">Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement</a> (NCA), where regional stakeholders discuss suggestions at large-scale public consultations, the results of which are shared by representatives at the Union Peace Conference or 21st Century Panglong, to be held in Rakhine State. In February 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Arakan_Liberation_Party" title="Arakan Liberation Party">Arakan Liberation Party</a>—which is one of eight NCA signatories—proposed holding ethnic-based national-level political dialogue in Rakhine State, but Aung San Suu Kyi turned down the request, saying the ALP was not yet ready. The ALP made necessary preparations and submitted letters three times to request approval to hold the dialogue, but the government did not reply, and at the Joint Implementation Coordination Meeting (JICM) <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a> again declined the request, citing sensitive issues involving the Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine State.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Election_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union Election Committee (page does not exist)">Union Election Committee</a> (UEC) announced on 16 October 2020 that the <a href="/wiki/2020_Myanmar_general_election" title="2020 Myanmar general election">2020 Myanmar general election</a> would not be held in the townships of <a href="/wiki/Pauktaw" title="Pauktaw">Pauktaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ponnagyun" title="Ponnagyun">Ponnagyun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rathedaung" title="Rathedaung">Rathedaung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buthidaung" title="Buthidaung">Buthidaung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maung_Daw" class="mw-redirect" title="Maung Daw">Maung Daw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyauktaw" title="Kyauktaw">Kyauktaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minbya" title="Minbya">Minbya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myebon" title="Myebon">Myebon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mrauk_U" title="Mrauk U">Mrauk U</a>; two quarters and 52 village tracts within <a href="/wiki/Kyaukphyu_Township" title="Kyaukphyu Township">Kyaukphyu Township</a>, three quarters and 29 village tracts within <a href="/wiki/Ann_Township" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann Township">Ann Township</a>, four quarters within <a href="/wiki/Sittwe_Township" title="Sittwe Township">Sittwe Township</a>, and ten quarters and 52 village tracts within <a href="/wiki/Toungup_Township" class="mw-redirect" title="Toungup Township">Toungup Township</a>. The UEC argued that holding a free and fair election would not be possible in the townships due to ongoing violence.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the exception of <a href="/wiki/Toungup_Township" class="mw-redirect" title="Toungup Township">Toungup Township</a>, Rakhine ethnic parties are overwhelmingly dominant in these townships. The <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_Nationalities_Development_Party" title="Rakhine Nationalities Development Party">Rakhine Nationalities Development Party</a> (RNDP) and <a href="/wiki/Arakan_National_Party" title="Arakan National Party">Arakan National Party</a> (ANP)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> won a majority of the seats in these townships the in 2010 and 2015 general elections.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An estimated 1.2 million people in Rakhine State subsequently lost their voting rights.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_-_Present">2020 - Present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2020 - Present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rakhine Offensive (page does not exist)">Rakhine Offensive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_1027" title="Operation 1027">Operation 1027</a></div> <p>In November 2020, the Myanmar military and the Arakan Army (AA) reached an informal ceasefire, leading to a temporary reduction in hostilities in Rakhine State. However, after the military coup in February 2021, clashes resumed in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the military coup in February 2021, Rakhine State experienced intensified armed conflicts, particularly between the <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Myanmar Armed Forces">Myanmar Armed Forces</a> (MAF) and the Arakan Army (AA). By September 2021, the AA and its political wing, the <a href="/wiki/United_League_of_Arakan" title="United League of Arakan">United League of Arakan</a> (ULA), had gained control over roughly 75% of Rakhine’s townships.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 2024, the battle for the border town of <a href="/wiki/Maungdaw" title="Maungdaw">Maungdaw</a> resulted in heavy fighting, leading to numerous civilian casualties and displacements. Reports indicate that during this period, civilians, including the Rohingya population, were subjected to coordinated killings, large-scale arson attacks, and shelling. Notably, on August 5, 2024, an attack in Maungdaw targeted Rohingya civilians attempting to flee by boat, resulting in numerous deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 27, 2023, <a href="/wiki/Operation_1027" title="Operation 1027">Operation 1027</a> was launched by the <a href="/wiki/Three_Brotherhood_Alliance" title="Three Brotherhood Alliance">Three Brotherhood Alliance</a>, consisting of the Arakan Army (AA), the <a href="/wiki/Ta%27ang_National_Liberation_Army" title="Ta'ang National Liberation Army">Ta'ang National Liberation Army</a> (TNLA), and the <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_National_Democratic_Alliance_Army" title="Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army">Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army</a> (MNDAA). The offensive led to the capture of over 130 military outposts and strategic bases in northern <a href="/wiki/Shan_State" title="Shan State">Shan State</a>, including the key border town of <a href="/wiki/Laukkai" title="Laukkai">Laukkai</a>. Reports indicated significant losses for the Myanmar military, with hundreds of soldiers killed and over 4,000 troops, including senior officers, surrendering.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By February 2025, a CSIS report indicated that the Arakan Army had begun establishing local governments in the Rakhine townships under its control. However, little is known about their governance structure or the inclusion of non-Arakan ethnic groups. It remains unclear whether the AA will halt military operations after securing its claimed territory, as its offensives in <a href="/wiki/Paletwa" title="Paletwa">Paletwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magway_Region" title="Magway Region">Magway</a>, and other areas suggest broader territorial ambitions. The group's stance on Myanmar’s political future is also uncertain, while it previously sought autonomy under the 2018 constitution like the <a href="/wiki/United_Wa_State_Army" title="United Wa State Army">United Wa State Army</a>, it may now pursue full statehood or independence.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1973 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,712,838</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1983 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,045,559</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2014 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,188,807</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+55.9%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: 2014 Myanmar Census<sup id="cite_ref-census-2014_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Rakhine State (formerly known as Arakan Province), like many parts of Burma, has a diverse ethnic population. Official Burmese figures state Arakan State's population as 3,118,963.<sup id="cite_ref-popres_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popres-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bya_La_statue_of_Sittwe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bya_La_statue_of_Sittwe.jpg/250px-Bya_La_statue_of_Sittwe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bya_La_statue_of_Sittwe.jpg/330px-Bya_La_statue_of_Sittwe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bya_La_statue_of_Sittwe.jpg/500px-Bya_La_statue_of_Sittwe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Nawarupa" title="Nawarupa">Bya La</a> statue in Sittwe</figcaption></figure> <p>The ethnic <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_people" title="Rakhine people">Rakhine</a> make up the majority, followed by a considerable population of <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_people" title="Rohingya people">Rohingya</a> Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rakhine reside mainly in the lowland valleys as well as <a href="/wiki/Ramree" title="Ramree">Ramree</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manaung" title="Manaung">Manaung</a> (Cheduba) islands. A number of other ethnic minorities like the <a href="/wiki/Thet_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Thet people">Thet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamein" title="Kamein">Kamein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chin_people" title="Chin people">Chin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mru_people" title="Mru people">Mro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mro-Khimi_people" title="Mro-Khimi people">Khami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daingnet_people" title="Daingnet people">Daingnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Hindu">Bengali Hindu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barua_people" title="Barua people">Maramagri</a> inhabit mainly in the hill regions of the state. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/State_Sangha_Maha_Nayaka_Committee" title="State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee">State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee</a>'s 2016 statistics, 12,943 Buddhist monks were registered in Rakhine State, comprising 2.4% of Myanmar's total <a href="/wiki/Sangha" title="Sangha">Sangha</a> membership, which includes both novice <a href="/wiki/Samanera" title="Samanera">samanera</a> and fully-ordained bhikkhu.<sup id="cite_ref-mahana_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mahana-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of monks belong to the <a href="/wiki/Thudhamma_Nikaya" title="Thudhamma Nikaya">Thudhamma Nikaya</a> (88.9%), followed by <a href="/wiki/Shwegyin_Nikaya" title="Shwegyin Nikaya">Shwegyin Nikaya</a> (3.9%), with the remainder of monks belonging to other small <a href="/wiki/Nik%C4%81ya" title="Nikāya">monastic orders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mahana_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mahana-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 534 <a href="/wiki/Thilashin" title="Thilashin">thilashin</a> were registered in Rakhine State, comprising 0.9% of Myanmar's total thilashin community.<sup id="cite_ref-mahana_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mahana-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rakhine are traditionally <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada Buddhists</a>. As per the 1983 Census, 98.63% of the Rakhine in Rakhine State were Buddhist and another 1.19% were Muslim. The Chin were the 3rd largest ethnic group, contributing 4% of the population in the 1983 Census. At that time, out of the 64,404 Chin in Rakhine, 55.76% were Buddhist and 33.79% were Animist.<sup id="cite_ref-dop.gov.mm_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dop.gov.mm-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslims constituted more than 80–96% of the population near the border with <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and the coastal areas. As per the 1983 Census, 99.82% of the Rohingya, 99.24% of the "Other foreigners", 89.20% of the "Mixed races", 85.50% of the Indians and 67.51% of the "Pakistanis" in Rakhine state were Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-dop.gov.mm_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dop.gov.mm-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Rakhine_(Arakan)_State_in_Myanmar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Map_of_Rakhine_%28Arakan%29_State_in_Myanmar.png/280px-Map_of_Rakhine_%28Arakan%29_State_in_Myanmar.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="450" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Map_of_Rakhine_%28Arakan%29_State_in_Myanmar.png/420px-Map_of_Rakhine_%28Arakan%29_State_in_Myanmar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Map_of_Rakhine_%28Arakan%29_State_in_Myanmar.png/560px-Map_of_Rakhine_%28Arakan%29_State_in_Myanmar.png 2x" data-file-width="651" data-file-height="1047" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Rakhine State</figcaption></figure> <p>Rakhine State consists of seven districts, as below, showing areas and officially estimated populations in 2002: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maungdaw_District" title="Maungdaw District">Maungdaw</a> (3,538 km<sup>2</sup>; 763,844 people)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittwe_District" title="Sittwe District">Sittwe</a> (12,504 km<sup>2</sup>; 1,099,568 people)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrauk-U_District" title="Mrauk-U District">Mrauk-U</a> (recently created out of Sittwe District)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyaukpyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyaukpyu District">Kyaukpyu</a> (9,984 km<sup>2</sup>; 458,244 people)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_District" title="Ann District">Ann</a> (NA km<sup>2</sup>; NA people)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taungup_District" title="Taungup District">Taungup</a> (NA km<sup>2</sup>; NA people)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thandwe_District" title="Thandwe District">Thandwe</a> (10,753 km<sup>2</sup>; 296,736 people)</li> <li>Total Rakhine State: 36,778 km<sup>2</sup>; 2,915,000 people</li></ul> <p>Combined, these districts have a total of 17 townships<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1,164 village-tracts. <a href="/wiki/Sittwe" title="Sittwe">Sittwe</a> is the capital of the state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Few roads cross the <a href="/wiki/Arakan_Mountains" title="Arakan Mountains">Arakan Mountains</a> from central Burma to Rakhine State. The three highways that do are the <a href="/wiki/Ann,_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann, Burma">Ann</a> to <a href="/wiki/Munbra" class="mw-redirect" title="Munbra">Munbra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minbya" title="Minbya">Minbya</a> in Burmese pronunciation) road in central Rakhine,<sup id="cite_ref-RS-Map_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RS-Map-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Toungup" class="mw-redirect" title="Toungup">Toungup</a> to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamtaung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamtaung (page does not exist)">Pamtaung</a> road in south central Rakhine,<sup id="cite_ref-RS-Map_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RS-Map-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Gwa,_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwa, Burma">Gwa</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ngathaingchaung" title="Ngathaingchaung">Ngathaingchaung</a> road in far southern Rakhine.<sup id="cite_ref-RS-Map_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RS-Map-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Air travel still is the usual mode of travel from <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Yangon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandalay" title="Mandalay">Mandalay</a> to Sittwe and <a href="/wiki/Ngapali" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngapali">Ngapali</a>, the popular beach resort. Only in 1996 was a highway from Sittwe to the mainland constructed. The state still does not have a rail line (although <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Myanmar Railways">Myanmar Railways</a> has announced a 480-km rail extension to Sittwe from Pathein via Ponnagyun-Kyauttaw-Mrauk U-Minbya-Ann).<sup id="cite_ref-rail_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rail-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_tower,_main_road_and_central_market_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Clock_tower%2C_main_road_and_central_market_14.jpg/250px-Clock_tower%2C_main_road_and_central_market_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Clock_tower%2C_main_road_and_central_market_14.jpg/330px-Clock_tower%2C_main_road_and_central_market_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Clock_tower%2C_main_road_and_central_market_14.jpg/500px-Clock_tower%2C_main_road_and_central_market_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="998" /></a><figcaption>Sittwe Airport</figcaption></figure> <p>The airports in Rakhine State are </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sittwe_Airport" title="Sittwe Airport">Sittwe Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyaukpyu_Airport" title="Kyaukpyu Airport">Kyaukpyu Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thandwe_Airport" title="Thandwe Airport">Thandwe Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Airport" title="Ann Airport">Ann Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaung_Airport" title="Manaung Airport">Manaung Airport</a></li></ul> <p>With Chinese investment, a deep sea port has been constructed in Kyaukphyu to facilitate the transport of natural gas and <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> from the Indian Ocean to China without passing through <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rivers useful for transportation in Rakhine are </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naf_River" title="Naf River">Naf River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaladan_River" title="Kaladan River">Kaladan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemro_River" title="Lemro River">Lemro River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayu_(river)" title="Mayu (river)">Mayu River</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rakhine is one of the poorest states in Myanmar.<sup id="cite_ref-veconomist_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-veconomist-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 69% of the population live in poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rice is the main crop in the region, occupying around 85% of the total agricultural land. <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nipa_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipa palm">nipa palm</a> plantations are also important. Fishing is a major industry, with most of the catch transported to <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Yangon</a>, but some is also exported. Wood products such as timber, <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> and fuel wood are extracted from the mountains. Small amounts of inferior-grade <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> are produced from primitive, shallow, hand-dug wells, but there is yet unexplored potential for petroleum and natural gas production. </p><p>Tourism is slowly being developed. The ruins of the ancient royal town <a href="/wiki/Mrauk_U" title="Mrauk U">Mrauk U</a> and the beach resorts of <a href="/wiki/Ngapali_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngapali Beach">Ngapali</a> are the major attractions for foreign visitors, but facilities are still primitive, and the transportation infrastructure is still rudimentary. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haridaung-Mrauk_U-Aussicht-12-Pagoden_im_Dunst-gje.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Haridaung-Mrauk_U-Aussicht-12-Pagoden_im_Dunst-gje.jpg/250px-Haridaung-Mrauk_U-Aussicht-12-Pagoden_im_Dunst-gje.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Haridaung-Mrauk_U-Aussicht-12-Pagoden_im_Dunst-gje.jpg/330px-Haridaung-Mrauk_U-Aussicht-12-Pagoden_im_Dunst-gje.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Haridaung-Mrauk_U-Aussicht-12-Pagoden_im_Dunst-gje.jpg/500px-Haridaung-Mrauk_U-Aussicht-12-Pagoden_im_Dunst-gje.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mrauk_U" title="Mrauk U">Mrauk U</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>While most places in Myanmar have chronic power shortages, in rural states like Rakhine the problem is greater. In 2009, the electricity consumption of a state of 3 million people was 30 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">MW</a>, or 1.8% of the country's total generation capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-xn_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xn-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2009, the military government added three more hydropower plants, Saidin, Thahtay Chaung and <a href="/wiki/Laymro" class="mw-redirect" title="Laymro">Laymromyit</a>, at a cost of over US$800 million. The three plants together can produce 687 megawatts, with surplus electricity distributed to other states and divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-xn_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xn-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Entry_to_Temple_in_Mrauk_U.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Entry_to_Temple_in_Mrauk_U.png/250px-Entry_to_Temple_in_Mrauk_U.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Entry_to_Temple_in_Mrauk_U.png/330px-Entry_to_Temple_in_Mrauk_U.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Entry_to_Temple_in_Mrauk_U.png/500px-Entry_to_Temple_in_Mrauk_U.png 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Koe-thaung_Temple" title="Koe-thaung Temple">Temple of 90,000 Buddhas</a> in Mrauk U of Rakhine state</figcaption></figure> <p>Additionally, as of November 2024, reports indicate that over 2 million people in Rakhine State are at risk of famine due to reduced food production and ongoing conflicts. Without urgent action, it is predicted that 95% of the population will regress into survival mode.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Global_Interests">Global Interests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Global Interests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>China considers Rakhine State as a strategic interest. Rakhine State hosts several major <a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a> (BRI) projects, including the <a href="/wiki/Kyaukphyu_Special_Economic_Zone" title="Kyaukphyu Special Economic Zone">Kyaukphyu deep-sea port</a> and oil and gas pipelines. This region serves as an important land and maritime route, allowing China access to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> and reducing its dependence on the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bng_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bng-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nla_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nla-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-baffa_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baffa-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Myanmar also acts as a <a href="/wiki/Buffer_state" title="Buffer state">buffer state</a> for China in managing Western and Indian influence in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. Despite international criticism, it is known that China has maintained close relations with Myanmar's military while also engaging with major ethnic armed organizations (EAOs).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>India sees Myanmar as an important partner under its <a href="/wiki/Act_East_policy" title="Act East policy">"Act East" policy</a>, which aims to improve connectivity and strengthen India's influence in Southeast Asia. India’s main concerns include ensuring stability in its <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">northeastern states</a> and balancing China's growing presence in Myanmar. India has invested in strategic projects such as the <a href="/wiki/Kaladan_Multi-Modal_Transit_Transport_Project" title="Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project">Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project</a> and the <a href="/wiki/India-Myanmar-Thailand_Trilateral_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway">India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-update3_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-update3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaladan_Multi-Modal_Transit_Transport_Project.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Kaladan_Multi-Modal_Transit_Transport_Project.svg/220px-Kaladan_Multi-Modal_Transit_Transport_Project.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Kaladan_Multi-Modal_Transit_Transport_Project.svg/330px-Kaladan_Multi-Modal_Transit_Transport_Project.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Kaladan_Multi-Modal_Transit_Transport_Project.svg/440px-Kaladan_Multi-Modal_Transit_Transport_Project.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>Route map of the Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project</figcaption></figure> <p>Like China, India also maintains flexible diplomacy by engaging with both Myanmar’s military government and <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_armed_organisations_in_Myanmar" title="List of ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar">EAOs</a> operating near its borders, including the AA.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European countries</a> may support Rakhine state's political aspirations if it aligns with their broader goals of <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> and human rights. However, shifts in U.S. political leadership and global trends in democratic governance may affect the level of support and engagement.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, which shares a border with Rakhine State, is primarily concerned about stability and potential refugee movements. The country hosts around one million <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_refugees_in_Bangladesh" title="Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh">Rohingya refugees</a> who fled Rakhine State, and it has expressed interest in their safe return. Bangladesh’s stance on the Rakhine state depends on how it addresses Rohingya-related issues.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Rakhine_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Rakhine State">List of universities in Rakhine State</a></div> <p>Educational opportunities in Myanmar are extremely limited outside the main cities of <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Yangon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandalay" title="Mandalay">Mandalay</a>. The following is a summary of the public school system in the state in academic year 2013–2014.<sup id="cite_ref-cso-edu_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso-edu-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sittwe_University_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sittwe_University_%281%29.jpg/220px-Sittwe_University_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sittwe_University_%281%29.jpg/330px-Sittwe_University_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sittwe_University_%281%29.jpg/440px-Sittwe_University_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1139" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption>Sittwe University</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:100px;">AY 2013–2014 </th> <th style="width:100px;">Primary </th> <th style="width:100px;">Middle </th> <th style="width:100px;">High </th></tr> <tr> <td>Schools </td> <td>2,515 </td> <td>137 </td> <td>69 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Teachers </td> <td>11,045 </td> <td>2,909 </td> <td>1,337 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Students </td> <td>370,431 </td> <td>100,566 </td> <td>26,671 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sittwe_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sittwe University (page does not exist)">Sittwe University</a> is the main university in the state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_care">Health care</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Health care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The general state of <a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in Myanmar">health care in Myanmar</a> is poor. The military government spends anywhere from 0.5% to 3% of the country's GDP on health care, consistently ranking among the lowest in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although health care is nominally free, in reality, patients have to pay for medicine and treatment, even in public clinics and hospitals. Public hospitals lack many of the basic facilities and equipment. In general, the health care infrastructure outside of <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Yangon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandalay" title="Mandalay">Mandalay</a> is extremely poor but is worse in remote areas like Rakhine State. The entire Rakhine State has fewer hospital beds than the <a href="/wiki/Yangon_General_Hospital" title="Yangon General Hospital">Yangon General Hospital</a>. The following is a summary of the public health care system in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-cso-hosp_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso-hosp-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:300px;">2002–2003 </th> <th style="width:100px;"># Hospitals </th> <th style="width:100px;"># Beds </th></tr> <tr> <td>Specialist hospitals </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>General hospitals with specialist services </td> <td>1 </td> <td>200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>General hospitals </td> <td>16 </td> <td>553 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Health clinics </td> <td>24 </td> <td>384 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>41</b> </td> <td><b>1,137</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arakan_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Arakan Kings">List of Arakan Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rakhine" title="History of Rakhine">History of Rakhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakan" title="Arakan">Arakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakhine_State_Cultural_Museum" title="Rakhine State Cultural Museum">Rakhine State Cultural Museum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-census-2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census-2014_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census-2014_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B067GBtstE5TeUlIVjRjSjVzWlk/view"><i>Census Report</i></a>. The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census. Vol. 2. Naypyitaw: Ministry of Immigration and Population. May 2015. p. 17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190507224807/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B067GBtstE5TeUlIVjRjSjVzWlk/view">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+Report&rft.place=Naypyitaw&rft.series=The+2014+Myanmar+Population+and+Housing+Census&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Immigration+and+Population&rft.date=2015-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F0B067GBtstE5TeUlIVjRjSjVzWlk%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARakhine+State" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+-+Area+Database+-+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARakhine+State" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themimu.info/docs/MIMU696v01_110707_Planning%20Map%20for%20Rakhine%20State_Eng.pdf">"Rakhine State Map"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Themimu.info<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rakhine+State+Map&rft.pub=Themimu.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themimu.info%2Fdocs%2FMIMU696v01_110707_Planning%2520Map%2520for%2520Rakhine%2520State_Eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARakhine+State" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2018">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDayEdwards2020" class="citation book cs1">Day, Katie; Edwards, Elise M. (31 December 2020). <i>The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Cities</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-28926-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-28926-8"><bdi>978-1-000-28926-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Religion+and+Cities&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft.isbn=978-1-000-28926-8&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Elise+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARakhine+State" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCharney2021" class="citation cs2">Charney, Michael W. 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Phayre (1841). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TPBeAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA688"><i>Account of Arakan</i></a>. p. 688.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Account+of+Arakan&rft.pages=688&rft.date=1841&rft.au=Arthur+P.+Phayre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTPBeAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARakhine+State" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Subrahmanyam2012-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Subrahmanyam2012_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSanjay_Subrahmanyam2012" class="citation book cs1">Sanjay Subrahmanyam (30 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-DZciX6WxgUC&pg=PT179"><i>The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500-1700: A Political and Economic History</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Northeast+Times&rft.atitle=Kaladan+Multi+Modal+Transit+Transport+Project+to+link+sea+route+in+Myanmar+with+Mizoram&rft.aulast=Purushothaman&rft.aufirst=Vakkom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftntmagazine.in%2Fnews%2Fmizoram%2Fkaladan-multi-modal-transit-transport-project-to-link-sea-route-in-myanmar-with-mizoram%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARakhine+State" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-update3-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-update3_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/india-starts-construction-of-1600-cr-mizoram-myanmar-kaladan-road/article23577107.ece">India starts construction of ₹1,600-cr Mizoram-Myanmar Kaladan road</a>, <i>Business Line</i>, 17 April 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cso-edu-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cso-edu_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205092120/http://devinfo.org/myanmar/libraries/aspx/Home.aspx">"United Nations Statistic Department for data for Myanmar"</a>. Education Statistical Year Book, 2013_2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://devinfo.org/myanmar/libraries/aspx/Home.aspx">the original</a> on 5 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Statistic+Department+for+data+for+Myanmar&rft.pub=Education+Statistical+Year+Book%2C+2013_2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdevinfo.org%2Fmyanmar%2Flibraries%2Faspx%2FHome.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARakhine+State" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080205231908/http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=108&subsecID=900003&contentID=254167">"PPI: Almost Half of All World Health Spending is in the United States"</a>. 17 January 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=108&subsecID=900003&contentID=254167">the original</a> on 5 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PPI%3A+Almost+Half+of+All+World+Health+Spending+is+in+the+United+States&rft.date=2007-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ppionline.org%2Fppi_ci.cfm%3FknlgAreaID%3D108%26subsecID%3D900003%26contentID%3D254167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARakhine+State" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYasmin_Anwar2007" class="citation news cs1">Yasmin Anwar (28 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702123259/http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2007/06/28_Burma.shtml">"Burma junta faulted for rampant diseases"</a>. UC Berkeley News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2007/06/28_Burma.shtml">the original</a> on 2 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Burma+junta+faulted+for+rampant+diseases&rft.date=2007-06-28&rft.au=Yasmin+Anwar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berkeley.edu%2Fnews%2Fmedia%2Freleases%2F2007%2F06%2F28_Burma.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARakhine+State" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cso-hosp-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cso-hosp_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430032618/http://www.etrademyanmar.com/STATS/s0413.htm">"Hospitals and Dispensaries by State and Division"</a>. Myanmar Central Statistical Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etrademyanmar.com/STATS/s0413.htm">the original</a> on 30 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hospitals+and+Dispensaries+by+State+and+Division&rft.pub=Myanmar+Central+Statistical+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etrademyanmar.com%2FSTATS%2Fs0413.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARakhine+State" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Collis" title="Maurice Collis">Collis, Maurice</a> (1943), <i>The Land of the Great Image: Being Experiences of Friar Manrique in Arakan</i> (US publication 1958, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Alfred A. Knopf</a>).</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" 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communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Rakhine_State32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Rakhine State</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Division" title="Chittagong Division">Chittagong Division</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Chin_State.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chin_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Chin_State.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chin_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Chin_State.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chin_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chin_State" title="Chin State">Chin State</a></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Rakhine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rakhine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Rakhine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rakhine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Rakhine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rakhine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rakhine State</a></b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Magway_Region.svg/23px-Flag_of_Magway_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Magway_Region.svg/35px-Flag_of_Magway_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Magway_Region.svg/45px-Flag_of_Magway_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Magway_Region" title="Magway Region">Magway Region</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Bago_Region.png/23px-Flag_of_Bago_Region.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Bago_Region.png/35px-Flag_of_Bago_Region.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Bago_Region.png/45px-Flag_of_Bago_Region.png 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="225" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bago_Region" title="Bago Region">Bago Region</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></i></td> <td></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Ayeyarwady_Region.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ayeyarwady_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Ayeyarwady_Region.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ayeyarwady_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ayeyarwady_Region" title="Ayeyarwady Region">Ayeyarwady Region</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rakhine_State200" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rakhine_State" title="Template:Rakhine State"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rakhine_State" title="Template talk:Rakhine State"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rakhine_State" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rakhine State"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rakhine_State200" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rakhine State</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b>Capital</b>: <a href="/wiki/Sittwe" title="Sittwe">Sittwe</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ann_District" title="Ann District">Ann District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Township" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann Township">Ann Township</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Rakhine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Rakhine.svg/80px-Flag_of_Rakhine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Rakhine.svg/120px-Flag_of_Rakhine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Rakhine.svg/160px-Flag_of_Rakhine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Burma_Rakhine_locator_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Burma_Rakhine_locator_map.png/80px-Burma_Rakhine_locator_map.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Burma_Rakhine_locator_map.png/120px-Burma_Rakhine_locator_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Burma_Rakhine_locator_map.png/160px-Burma_Rakhine_locator_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kyaukpyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyaukpyu District">Kyaukpyu District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyaukpyu_Township" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyaukpyu Township">Kyaukpyu Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramree_Township" title="Ramree Township">Ramree Township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maungdaw_District" title="Maungdaw District">Maungdaw District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buthidaung_Township" title="Buthidaung Township">Buthidaung Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maungdaw_Township" title="Maungdaw Township">Maungdaw Township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sittwe_District" title="Sittwe District">Sittwe District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauktaw_Township" title="Pauktaw Township">Pauktaw Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponnagyun_Township" title="Ponnagyun Township">Ponnagyun Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathedaung_Township" title="Rathedaung Township">Rathedaung Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittwe_Township" title="Sittwe Township">Sittwe Township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taungup_District" title="Taungup District">Taungup District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taungup_Township" title="Taungup Township">Taungup Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaung_Township" title="Manaung Township">Manaung Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maei_Subtownship" title="Maei Subtownship">Maei Subtownship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thandwe_District" title="Thandwe District">Thandwe District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thandwe_Township" title="Thandwe Township">Thandwe Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwa_Township" title="Gwa Township">Gwa Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyeintali_Subtownship" title="Kyeintali Subtownship">Kyeintali Subtownship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mrauk-U_District" title="Mrauk-U District">Mrauk-U District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyauktaw_Township" title="Kyauktaw Township">Kyauktaw Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minbya_Township" title="Minbya Township">Minbya Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrauk-U_Township" title="Mrauk-U Township">Mrauk-U Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myebon_Township" title="Myebon Township">Myebon Township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sittwe" title="Sittwe">Sittwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann,_Myanmar" title="Ann, Myanmar">Ann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buthidaung" title="Buthidaung">Buthidaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwa,_Myanmar" title="Gwa, Myanmar">Gwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyaukphyu" title="Kyaukphyu">Kyaukphyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyauktaw" title="Kyauktaw">Kyauktaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyeintali" title="Kyeintali">Kyeintali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaung" title="Manaung">Manaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maungdaw" title="Maungdaw">Maungdaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minbya" title="Minbya">Minbya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrauk_U" title="Mrauk U">Mrauk U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myebon" title="Myebon">Myebon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauktaw" title="Pauktaw">Pauktaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponnagyun" title="Ponnagyun">Ponnagyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramree" title="Ramree">Ramree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathedaung" title="Rathedaung">Rathedaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thandwe" title="Thandwe">Thandwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taungup" title="Taungup">Taungup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar258" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Myanmar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of Myanmar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of Myanmar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar258" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar" title="Administrative divisions of Myanmar">Administrative divisions of Myanmar</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chin_State" title="Chin State">Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachin_State" title="Kachin State">Kachin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_State" title="Kayah State">Kayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayin_State" title="Kayin State">Kayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_State" title="Mon State">Mon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rakhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_State" title="Shan State">Shan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/50px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/75px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/100px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayeyarwady_Region" title="Ayeyarwady Region">Ayeyarwady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bago_Region" title="Bago Region">Bago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magway_Region" title="Magway Region">Magway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandalay_Region" title="Mandalay Region">Mandalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagaing_Region" title="Sagaing Region">Sagaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanintharyi_Region" title="Tanintharyi Region">Tanintharyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangon_Region" title="Yangon Region">Yangon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Self-Administered Zones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danu_Self-Administered_Zone" title="Danu Self-Administered Zone">Danu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokang_Self-Administered_Zone" title="Kokang Self-Administered Zone">Kokang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Self-Administered_Zone" title="Naga Self-Administered Zone">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_Laung_Self-Administered_Zone" title="Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone">Pa Laung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa-O_Self-Administered_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa-O Self-Administered Zone">Pa-O</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Self-Administered Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wa_Self-Administered_Division" title="Wa Self-Administered Division">Wa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Union Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw_Union_Territory" title="Naypyidaw Union Territory">Naypyidaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/17px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/26px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/34px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Myanmar" title="Portal:Myanmar">Myanmar portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233838#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1116" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233838#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233838#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/6601147270475435700009">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1892164/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2008005857">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX6132446">Spain</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rakhine"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/ab3e48ec-e4d2-4396-b6e0-5dcf893db5b8">MusicBrainz area</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/arakan">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&oldid=1281764076">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rakhine_State&oldid=1281764076</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rakhine_State" title="Category:Rakhine State">Rakhine State</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_of_Myanmar" title="Category:States of Myanmar">States of Myanmar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1974_establishments_in_Burma" title="Category:1974 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