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والكيل بمكيالين\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2023\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"وقف إطلاق النار في غزة 2023\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:white\"\u003Eأوقفوا الحرب\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E .... وانشروا السلام العادل والشامل\u003C/b\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\n\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script> </div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> نظام الحكم الذي تبنته فرنسا منذ عام 1870 عندما انهارت الإمبراطورية الفرنسية الثانية خلال الحرب الفرنسية البروسية، حتى العاشر من يوليو عام 1940 </div> 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.entete.triathlon{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Triathlon_pictogram.svg/40px-Triathlon_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.ultimate{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ultimate_pictogram.svg/70px-Ultimate_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.union-europeenne{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Picto_Infobox_Europe.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.video{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tango-video-x-generic.png/35px-Tango-video-x-generic.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.voile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/40px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.volleyball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.water-polo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/40px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67892660">@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sm_th{background-color:#27292d!important;color:#fff}}</style> <p><br><b>الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة</b> (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="اللغة الفرنسية">بالفرنسية</a>: <i>La Troisième République</i>، وتُكتب: <i>La IIIe République</i>) هي نظام الحكم الذي تبنته <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تاريخ فرنسا">فرنسا</a> منذ عام 1870 عندما انهارت <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الإمبراطورية الفرنسية الثانية">الإمبراطورية الفرنسية الثانية</a> خلال <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الحرب الفرنسية البروسية">الحرب الفرنسية البروسية</a>، حتى العاشر من يوليو عام 1940 بعد <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="معركة فرنسا">هزيمة فرنسا</a> على يد <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ألمانيا النازية">ألمانيا النازية</a> في <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الحرب العالمية الثانية">الحرب العالمية الثانية</a>، والتي أدت إلى تشكيل <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="فرنسا الفيشية">حكومة فيشي</a> في فرنسا.</p> <table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellspacing="3px"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" class="entete map" style="line-height:1.5em; background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000000">الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:#000000"></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:#000000">L'État Français</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%; padding:0px; margin:0px;"> <table style="width:100%; border-spacing:3px; padding:0px; margin:0px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; border:0px; background:#EFEFEF;"> <table style="width:100%; margin:0 auto; background:none;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:150px; border:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right; font-size:30%; line-height: 105%;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الإمبراطورية الفرنسية الثانية"><img alt="→" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/MediaWiki_Vector_skin_right_arrow.svg/16px-MediaWiki_Vector_skin_right_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/MediaWiki_Vector_skin_right_arrow.svg/24px-MediaWiki_Vector_skin_right_arrow.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/MediaWiki_Vector_skin_right_arrow.svg/32px-MediaWiki_Vector_skin_right_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الإمبراطورية الفرنسية الثانية"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span><br></td> <td style="width:250px; vertical-align:middle; font-size:115%; border:0px; text-align:center;"><b>1870 – 1940</b></td> <td style="width:150px; border:0; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 105%; font-size:30%; text-align:left;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الإدارة العسكرية في فرنسا (الحرب العالمية الثانية)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%25281935%25E2%2580%25931945%2529.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%25281935%25E2%2580%25931945%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%25281935%25E2%2580%25931945%2529.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany_%25281935%25E2%2580%25931945%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الإدارة العسكرية في فرنسا (الحرب العالمية الثانية)"><img alt="←" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/MediaWiki_Vector_skin_left_arrow.svg/16px-MediaWiki_Vector_skin_left_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/MediaWiki_Vector_skin_left_arrow.svg/24px-MediaWiki_Vector_skin_left_arrow.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/MediaWiki_Vector_skin_left_arrow.svg/32px-MediaWiki_Vector_skin_left_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"></a></span><br></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" align="center"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Flag_of_France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة"><img alt="الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/130px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/195px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/260px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a> <figcaption> الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة </figcaption> </figure><small><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France.svg&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Flag of France.svg (الصفحة غير موجودة)">علم</a> </small></td> <td colspan="1" align="center"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Middle_coat_of_arms_of_the_French_Republic_(1905%E2%80%931953).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة"><img alt="الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Middle_coat_of_arms_of_the_French_Republic_%281905%E2%80%931953%29.svg/85px-Middle_coat_of_arms_of_the_French_Republic_%281905%E2%80%931953%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Middle_coat_of_arms_of_the_French_Republic_%25281905%25E2%2580%25931953%2529.svg/127px-Middle_coat_of_arms_of_the_French_Republic_%25281905%25E2%2580%25931953%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Middle_coat_of_arms_of_the_French_Republic_%25281905%25E2%2580%25931953%2529.svg/169px-Middle_coat_of_arms_of_the_French_Republic_%25281905%25E2%2580%25931953%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="929"></a> <figcaption> الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة </figcaption> </figure><small>شعار </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"> <div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:French_third_republic,_second_version.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/French_third_republic%2C_second_version.PNG/250px-French_third_republic%2C_second_version.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/French_third_republic%252C_second_version.PNG/375px-French_third_republic%252C_second_version.PNG 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/French_third_republic%252C_second_version.PNG/500px-French_third_republic%252C_second_version.PNG 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="553"></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عاصمة">عاصمة</a></th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="باريس">باريس</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="نظام الحكم">نظام الحكم</a></th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="جمهورية برلمانية">جمهورية برلمانية</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="لغة رسمية">اللغة الرسمية</a></th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="اللغة الفرنسية">الفرنسية</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">الديانة</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="كاثوليكية">الكاثوليكية</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000000"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="رئيس">الرئيس</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%"> <table style="width:100%; border-spacing:3px;"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000000"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="رئيس الوزراء">رئيس الوزراء</a></th> </tr> <tr class="mw-empty-elt"> </tr> <tr> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="سلطة تشريعية">السلطة التشريعية</a></th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="البرلمان الفرنسي">مجلس النواب الفرنسي</a> <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70802%23P194" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P194) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P194) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000000">الانتماءات والعضوية</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عصبة الأمم">عصبة الأمم</a> <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70802%23P463" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P463) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P463) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000000">التاريخ</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%"> <table cellspacing="3px" style="width:100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">التأسيس</th> <td class="sm_td" style="">1870</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">الزوال</th> <td class="sm_td" style="">1940</td> </tr> <tr class="mw-empty-elt"> </tr> <tr> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000000"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="قائمة الدول والتبعيات حسب عدد السكان">السكان</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">السكان</th> <td class="sm_td" style="">35565800  <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70802%23P1082" title="تعديل قيمة 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href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="فرنك فرنسي">فرنك فرنسي</a> <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70802%23P38" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P38) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P38) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #E1E1E1 dotted; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: left;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:right;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D8%25A9%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0"><span style="color:var(--color-base--hover, #555);">تعديل مصدري</span></a> - <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D8%25A9%26veaction%3Dedit"><span style="color:var(--color-base--hover, #555);">تعديل</span></a> </span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8:%25D8%25B5.%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF_%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D9%2582" title="طالع توثيق القالب"><img alt="طالع توثيق القالب" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>اتسمت الفترة الأولى للجمهورية الثالثة بالاضطرابات السياسية الناتجة عن الحرب الفرنسية البروسية بين عام 1870 وعام 1871، والتي استمرت الجمهورية في إشعالها حتى بعد سقوط <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="نابليون الثالث">الإمبراطور نابليون الثالث</a> في عام 1870. فرضت شروط تعويض جائرة من قبل البروسيين بعد انتهاء الحرب بخسارة كل من مقاطعتي <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ألزس">الألزاس</a> (مع الإبقاء على <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="إقليم بلفور (إقليم فرنسي)">إقليم البلفور</a>)، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="لورين (منطقة)">واللورين</a> (الجزء الشمالي الشرقي، أي <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="موزيل (إقليم فرنسي)">إقليم موزيل</a> حاليًا)، تزامن ذلك مع الهياج الشعبي وإنشاء <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="كومونة باريس">كومونة باريس</a> الثورية. أخذت الحكومات الأولى للجمهورية الفرنسية فكرة إعادة الحكم الملكي بعين الاعتبار، لكن الخلافات على طبيعة النظام الملكي والشخص الذي يستحق الجلوس على العرش حالت دون تحقيق هذا الهدف. بناء على ذلك أصبحت الجمهورية الثالثة -التي تخيلها الجميع <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="حكومة مؤقتة">كحكومة مؤقتة</a> في بادئ الأمر- بدلًا عن ذلك شكل الحكم الدائم في فرنسا.</p> <p>عرفت القوانين الدستورية الفرنسية لعام 1875 تركيب الجمهورية الثالثة. تكونت من مجلس نواب <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="مجلس الشيوخ الفرنسي">ومجلس شيوخ</a> مشكلين الذراع التشريعية للحكم <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9_(1870-1940)" title="قائمة رؤساء فرنسا">ورئيس جمهورية</a> يمثل رأس السلطة. تعالت الأصوات المنادية بإعادة النظام الملكي بشكل خاص في عهد الرئيسين الأولين للجمهورية <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="أدولف تيير">أدولف تيير</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="باتريس دو مكماهون">وباتريس دو مكماهون</a>، لكن الدعم المتنامي للشكل الجمهوري من الحكم ضمن الشارع الفرنسي وتعاقب سلسلة الرؤساء الجمهوريين الشعبيين في ثمانينيات القرن التاسع عشر أديا بشكل تدريجي إلى القضاء على الدعوات الملكية. بلمقداد أسست الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة الكثير من <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الإمبراطورية الاستعمارية الفرنسية">الممتلكات الاستعمارية الفرنسية</a>، ومن ضمنها <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الهند الصينية الفرنسية">الهند الصينية الفرنسية</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%BA%D8%B4%D9%82%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="مدغشقر الفرنسية (الصفحة غير موجودة)">ومدغشقر الفرنسية</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="بولينزيا الفرنسية">وبولينزيا الفرنسية</a> ومساحات شاسعة في <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="غرب إفريقيا">غرب أفريقيا</a> خلال فترة <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="التدافع على إفريقيا">التدافع على أفريقيا</a>، جميعها اكتُسبت خلال العقدين الأخيرين من القرن التاسع عشر. أما السنوات الأولى من القرن العشرين فقد سيطر عليها <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="التحالف الجمهوري الديمقراطي">التحالف الجمهوري الديمقراطي</a>، الذي تأسس في البداية كتحالف سياسي <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="يسار الوسط">وسطي يساري</a>، ولكن مع مرور الوقت أصبح الحزب <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="يمين الوسط">الوسطي اليميني</a> الأساسي. تميزت الفترة ما بين بداية <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الحرب العالمية الأولى">الحرب العالمية الأولى</a> حتى ثلاثينيات القرن العشرين بنشاط سياسي متطرف بشدة، بين التحالف الجمهوري الديمقراطي <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الحزب الراديكالي (فرنسا)">والراديكاليين</a>. سقطت الحكومة بعد اندلاع <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الحرب العالمية الثانية">الحرب العالمية الثانية</a> بأقل من سنة، عندما <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الإدارة العسكرية الألمانية في فرنسا (الحرب العالمية الثانية)">احتلت القوات الألمانية معظم فرنسا</a>، واستبدلت بحكومتين متعارضتين هما حكومة <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="فرنسا الحرة">فرنسا الحرة</a> برئاسة <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="شارل ديغول">شارل ديغول</a> من جهة، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="فرنسا الفيشية">وحكومة فيشي</a> برئاسة <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="فيليب بيتان">فيليب بيتان</a> من جهة أخرى.</p> <p>وصف <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="أدولف تيير">أدولف تيير</a> شكل الحكم الجمهوري في سبعينيات القرن التاسع عشر بأنه «أقل أشكال الحكم تقسيمًا لفرنسا»، مع ذلك كانت السياسة الفرنسية منقسمة بحدة في ظل الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة، على اليسار من الطيف السياسي وقفت فرنسا الإصلاحية خليفة <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الثورة الفرنسية">الثورة الفرنسية</a>. بينما على اليمين السياسي وقفت فرنسا المحافظة ذات الجذور المتأصلة في النظام الإقطاعي الفلاحي، والكنسية الرومية الكاثوليكية، والجيش. على الرغم من الانقسام الكبير في الوسط السياسي ومحاولات الإسقاط العديدة، صمدت الجمهورية الثالثة لمدة 70 سنة ما يجعلها (وفقًا لعام 2019) ثاني أطول أنظمة الحكم استمرارًا في فرنسا منذ انهيار <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="النظام القديم (فرنسا)">النظام الأرستقراطي القديم</a> نتيجة اندلاع الثورة الفرنسية عام 1789.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ar" dir="rtl"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">محتويات</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">السياسة</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">الملكية البرلمانية</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%8B%D8%A7"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">انظر أيضًا</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B9"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">مراجع</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="السياسة"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B3.D9.8A.D8.A7.D8.B3.D8.A9"></span>السياسة</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: السياسة" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64185648">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> المقالة الرئيسة: <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الحرب الفرنسية البروسية">الحرب الفرنسية البروسية</a> </div> <p>انتهت <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الحرب الفرنسية البروسية">الحرب الفرنسية البروسية</a> التي دارت رحاها بين عامي (1870-1871) بهزيمة فرنسا والإطاحة <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الإمبراطورية الفرنسية الثانية">بالإمبراطورية الفرنسية الثانية</a> آخذة معها <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="نابليون الثالث">نابليون الثالث</a>. بعد اعتقال نابليون من قبل البروسيين في <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="معركة سيدان">معركة سيدان</a> (الأول من سبتمبر عام 1870)، أسس عدد من المندوبين الباريسيين بقيادة ليون غامبيتا <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="حكومة الدفاع الوطني">حكومة الدفاع الوطني</a> كحكومة مؤقتة في الرابع من سبتمبر عام 1870. ثم اختار هؤلاء الممثلون الجنرال <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="لويس جول تروشو">لويس جول تروشو</a> ليخدم كرئيس لها.</p> <p>حكم النظام الجمهوري خلال فترة <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="حصار باريس">حصار باريس</a> (19 سبتمبر 1870-28 يناير 1871). مع انقطاع باريس عن بقية أجزاء فرنسا غير المحتلة، أسس وزير الدفاع <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ليون غامبيتا">ليون غامبيتا</a> -الذي نجح في مغادرة باريس باستخدام منطاد هواء حار- حكومة مؤقتة جمهورية في مدينة <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تور (مدينة)">تور</a> على نهر <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="لوار">اللوار</a>.</p> <p>بعد استسلام فرنسا في يناير عام 1871، انحلت الحكومة المؤقتة للدفاع الوطني، وأجريت انتخابات وطنية بهدف إنشاء حكومة فرنسية جديدة. لم تشارك الأراضي الفرنسية المحتلة من قبل البروسيين في ذلك الوقت في الانتخابات. انتخب المجلس الوطني المحافظ الناتج عن الانتخابات أدولف تيير كرئيس للحكومة المؤقتة، وتحديدًا بمنصب «رئيس الفرع التنفيذي للجمهورية بانتظار القرار حول المؤسسات الفرنسية». نتيجة للمناخ السياسي الثوري اليساري السائد بين أفراد الشعب الباريسي، اختارت الحكومة اليمينية <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="قصر فرساي">قصر فرساي</a> الملكي كمقر لها.</p> <p>تفاوضت الحكومة حديثة العهد من أجل الوصول إلى اتفاقية سلام مع <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="القيصرية الألمانية">الإمبراطورية الألمانية</a> المعلنة حديثًا، إذ وقِعت <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA_(1871)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="معاهدة فرانكفورت (1871)">معاهدة فرانكفورت</a> في العاشر من شهر مايو عام 1871. من أجل حث البروسيين على الخروج من فرنسا، أصدرت الحكومة عددًا من القوانين المالية -مثل <i>قانون</i> <i>المستحقات</i> المثير للجدل- بغية دفع تكاليف التعويض. في باريس، تصاعدت الضغائن ضد الحكومة وبدءًا من أواخر مارس وحتى مايو من عام 1871، ثار العمال والحرس الوطني في باريس وأسسوا <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="كومونة باريس">كومونة باريس</a>، والتي حافظت على نظام <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="أقصى اليسار">يساري متطرف</a> لمدة شهرين حتى قمعت وحشيًا من قبل حكومة تيير في مايو 1871. تبين في ما بعد أن القمع الوحشي اللاحق لأتباع الكومونة سوف يترك آثارًا مدمرة على <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="حركة عمالية">الحركة العمالية</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="الملكية_البرلمانية"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D9.85.D9.84.D9.83.D9.8A.D8.A9_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A8.D8.B1.D9.84.D9.85.D8.A7.D9.86.D9.8A.D8.A9"></span>الملكية البرلمانية</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: الملكية البرلمانية" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>أبدت نتائج الانتخابات التشريعية الفرنسية في عام 1871 -المعقودة عقب انهيار نظام نابليون الثالث- وجود أغلبية مناصرة للملكية في المجلس الوطني الفرنسي وتفضل عقد اتفاقية سلام مع بروسيا. أما «الملكيون الأصليون» في المجلس الوطني فدعموا ترشيح الوريث الشرعي للملك <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="شارل العاشر ملك فرنسا">شارل العاشر</a> آخر ملوك النسل الكبير <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="آل بوربون">لآل بوربون</a> الحاكمة لاعتلاء العرش الفرنسي. كان هذا الوريث هو <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="هنري كونت تشامبورد">هنري كونت تشامبورد</a> المعروف باسم هنري الخامس.</p> <p>دعم أنصار <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="أسرة أورليان">آل أورليان</a> الحاكمة بدورهم وريث الملك لويس فيليب الأول نسيب شارل العاشر الذي حل محله كملك لفرنسا في عام 1830، وهو حفيد <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%8C_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الأمير فيليب، كونت باريس">لويس فيليب كونت باريس</a>. أمَّا أنصار <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عائلة بونابرت">آل بونابرت</a> فحُجِبوا عن الأضواء بسبب الهزيمة التي مُني بها <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="نابليون الثالث">نابليون الثالث</a> وألحقها بالبلاد، ولم يتمكنوا من دعم ترشيح أي فرد من عائلتهم. وصل الملكيون الأصليون وأنصار أورليان إلى تسوية في نهاية المطاف، وهي الاعتراف <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="هنري كونت تشامبورد">بكونت تشامبورد</a> الذي كان عديم الأبناء ملكًا، مع الاعتراف بكونت باريس كولي عهد له. نتيجة لذلك عُرض العرش على كونت تشامبورك عام 1871.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>اعتقد تشامبورد أنه يجب على النظام الملكي العائد للسلطة حديثًا أن يزيل جميع آثار الثورة (من ضمنها <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="علم فرنسا">علم البلاد ثلاثي الألوان</a> أكثر هذه الآثار شهرة) من أجل استعادة علاقات الوحدة بين الملكية والأمة، والتي كانت الثورة قد قطعتها. لم يكن من الممكن عقد تسوية حول هذا الموضوع إذا كان للبلاد أن تتّحد مرة أخرى. لكن الشعب بعمومه لم يكن راغبًا بالتخلي عن العلم ثلاثي الألوان. لذلك تنحى الملكيون بانتظار موت تشامبورد المسن عديم الأبناء، إذ يمكن نقل العرش إلى وريثه الأكثر ليبرالية كونت باريس. نتيجة ذلك شكلت حكومة جمهورية «مؤقتة»، عاش تشامبورد حتى عام 1883، ولكن بحلول ذلك الوقت كان الحماس لتشكيل النظام الملكي قد فتر. وهكذا لم يعرض العرش الفرنسي أبدًا على كونت باريس.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="انظر_أيضًا"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.86.D8.B8.D8.B1_.D8.A3.D9.8A.D8.B6.D9.8B.D8.A7"></span>انظر أيضًا</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: انظر أيضًا" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="أسباب الثورة الفرنسية">أسباب الثورة الفرنسية</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="مراجع"><span id=".D9.85.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.AC.D8.B9"></span>مراجع</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: مراجع" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64185426">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal;overflow-y:auto;max-height:300px}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}@media print{.mw-parser-output .reflist{overflow-y:visible!important;max-height:none!important}}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D.W. Brogan, <i>France Under the Republic: The Development of Modern France (1870-1939)</i> (1940) pp 77-105.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven D. Kale, "The Monarchy According to the King: The Ideological Content of the 'Drapeau Blanc,' 1871-1873." <i>French History</i> (1988) 2#4 pp 399-426.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64177691">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D9%2587_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D9%2587_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D9%2587" title="الجمهوريه الفرنسيه التالته – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجمهوريه الفرنسيه التالته" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercer_Rep%25C3%25BAblica_Francesa" title="Tercer República Francesa – الأسترية" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tercer República Francesa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="الأسترية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%259C%25C3%25A7%25C3%25BCnc%25C3%25BC_Fransa_Respublikas%25C4%25B1" title="Üçüncü Fransa Respublikası – الأذربيجانية" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Üçüncü Fransa Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="الأذربيجانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25DB%2586%25DA%2586%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D9%2588_%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2587_%25D8%25AC%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C" title="اۆچونجو فرانسه جومهوریتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اۆچونجو فرانسه جومهوریتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D1%2586%25D1%258F%25D1%258F_%25D1%2584%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Трэцяя французская рэспубліка – البيلاروسية" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Трэцяя французская рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="البيلاروسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2584%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Трета френска република – البلغارية" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Трета френска република" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="البلغارية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trede_Republik_c%2527hall" title="Trede Republik c'hall – البريتونية" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Trede Republik c'hall" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="البريتونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercera_Rep%25C3%25BAblica_Francesa" title="Tercera República Francesa – الكتالانية" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tercera República Francesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="الكتالانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25DB%2586%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C_%25D8%25B3%25DB%258E%25DB%258C%25DB%2595%25D9%2585%25DB%258C_%25D9%2581%25DB%2595%25DA%2595%25DB%2595%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7" title="کۆماری سێیەمی فەڕەنسا – السورانية الكردية" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆماری سێیەمی فەڕەنسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="السورانية الكردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C5%2599et%25C3%25AD_Francouzsk%25C3%25A1_republika" title="Třetí Francouzská republika – التشيكية" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Třetí Francouzská republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="التشيكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tredje_franske_republik" title="Tredje franske republik – الدانمركية" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tredje franske republik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="الدانمركية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dritte_Franz%25C3%25B6sische_Republik" title="Dritte Französische Republik – الألمانية" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dritte Französische Republik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الألمانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A4%25CF%2581%25CE%25AF%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7_%25CE%2593%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE_%25CE%2594%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BC%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BA%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CF%2584%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Τρίτη Γαλλική Δημοκρατία – اليونانية" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τρίτη Γαλλική Δημοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="اليونانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic – الإنجليزية" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="French Third Republic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="الإنجليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tria_Respubliko_de_Francio" title="Tria Respubliko de Francio – الإسبرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tria Respubliko de Francio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="الإسبرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercera_Rep%25C3%25BAblica_francesa" title="Tercera República francesa – الإسبانية" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tercera República francesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="الإسبانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsuse_kolmas_vabariik" title="Prantsuse kolmas vabariik – الإستونية" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsuse kolmas vabariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="الإستونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantziako_Hirugarren_Errepublika" title="Frantziako Hirugarren Errepublika – الباسكية" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantziako Hirugarren Errepublika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="الباسكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C_%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D9%2585_%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2587" title="جمهوری سوم فرانسه – الفارسية" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری سوم فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="الفارسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskan_kolmas_tasavalta" title="Ranskan kolmas tasavalta – الفنلندية" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskan kolmas tasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="الفنلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troisi%25C3%25A8me_R%25C3%25A9publique_(France)" title="Troisième République (France) – الفرنسية" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Troisième République (France)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="الفرنسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traad_Republiik_(Frankrik)" title="Traad Republiik (Frankrik) – الفريزينية الشمالية" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Traad Republiik (Frankrik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="الفريزينية الشمالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troisi%25C3%25A8me_R%25C3%25A9publique_(An_Fhrainc)" title="Troisième République (An Fhrainc) – الأيرلندية" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Troisième République (An Fhrainc)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="الأيرلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treas_Poblachd_na_Frainge" title="Treas Poblachd na Frainge – الغيلية الأسكتلندية" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Treas Poblachd na Frainge" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="الغيلية الأسكتلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terceira_Rep%25C3%25BAblica_Francesa" title="Terceira República Francesa – الجاليكية" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Terceira República Francesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="الجاليكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobblaght_y_Rank_(1870%25E2%2580%25931940)" title="Pobblaght y Rank (1870–1940) – المنكية" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Pobblaght y Rank (1870–1940)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="المنكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2594%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A4%25D7%2595%25D7%2591%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%25A7%25D7%2594_%25D7%2594%25D7%25A6%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A4%25D7%25AA%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA_%25D7%2594%25D7%25A9%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%25A9%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA" title="הרפובליקה הצרפתית השלישית – العبرية" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרפובליקה הצרפתית השלישית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="العبرية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2583%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="तृतीय फ्रांसीसी गणतंत्र – الهندية" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तृतीय फ्रांसीसी गणतंत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="الهندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre%25C4%2587a_Francuska_Republika" title="Treća Francuska Republika – الكرواتية" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Treća Francuska Republika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="الكرواتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2596%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25BD%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25AB_%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D6%2580%25D5%25B8%25D6%2580%25D5%25A4_%25D5%25B0%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BA%25D5%25A5%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Ֆրանսիայի երրորդ հանրապետություն – الأرمنية" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսիայի երրորդ հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="الأرمنية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Prancis_Ketiga" title="Republik Prancis Ketiga – الإندونيسية" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Prancis Ketiga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="الإندونيسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triesma_Republiko" title="Triesma Republiko – الإيدو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Triesma Republiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="الإيدو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%259Eri%25C3%25B0ja_franska_l%25C3%25BD%25C3%25B0veldi%25C3%25B0" title="Þriðja franska lýðveldið – الأيسلندية" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þriðja franska lýðveldið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="الأيسلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terza_Repubblica_(Francia)" title="Terza Repubblica (Francia) – الإيطالية" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Terza Repubblica (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="الإيطالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2595%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25B9%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25B8%2589%25E5%2585%25B1%25E5%2592%258C%25E6%2594%25BF" title="フランス第三共和政 – اليابانية" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス第三共和政" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="اليابانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2594_%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590" title="საფრანგეთის მესამე რესპუბლიკა – الجورجية" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საფრანგეთის მესამე რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="الجورجية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%25AE%25D1%2588%25D1%2596%25D0%25BD%25D1%2588%25D1%2596_%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7_%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%258B" title="Үшінші Француз Республикасы – الكازاخستانية" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үшінші Француз Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="الكازاخستانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2594%2584%25EB%259E%2591%25EC%258A%25A4_%25EC%25A0%259C3%25EA%25B3%25B5%25ED%2599%2594%25EA%25B5%25AD" title="프랑스 제3공화국 – الكورية" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스 제3공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="الكورية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%25AE%25D1%2587%25D2%25AF%25D0%25BD%25D1%2587%25D2%25AF_%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%258B" title="Үчүнчү Франция Республикасы – القيرغيزية" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Үчүнчү Франция Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="القيرغيزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertia_Res_Publica_(Francia)" title="Tertia Res Publica (Francia) – اللاتينية" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tertia Res Publica (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="اللاتينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre%25C4%258Dioji_Pranc%25C5%25ABzijos_Respublika" title="Trečioji Prancūzijos Respublika – الليتوانية" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Trečioji Prancūzijos Respublika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="الليتوانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francijas_Tre%25C5%25A1%25C4%2581_republika" title="Francijas Trešā republika – اللاتفية" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Francijas Trešā republika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="اللاتفية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Трета Француска Република – المقدونية" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Трета Француска Република" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="المقدونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2587_%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%259A_%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2595" title="तिसरे फ्रेंच प्रजासत्ताक – الماراثية" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तिसरे फ्रेंच प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="الماراثية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Ketiga_Perancis" title="Republik Ketiga Perancis – الماليزية" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Ketiga Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="الماليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/It-Tielet_Repubblika_Fran%25C4%258Bi%25C5%25BCa" title="It-Tielet Repubblika Franċiża – المالطية" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="It-Tielet Repubblika Franċiża" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="المالطية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derde_Franse_Republiek" title="Derde Franse Republiek – الهولندية" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Derde Franse Republiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="الهولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_tredje_franske_republikken" title="Den tredje franske republikken – النرويجية نينورسك" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den tredje franske republikken" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="النرويجية نينورسك" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_tredje_franske_republikk" title="Den tredje franske republikk – النرويجية بوكمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den tredje franske republikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="النرويجية بوكمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tresena_Republica" title="Tresena Republica – الأوكسيتانية" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tresena Republica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="الأوكسيتانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2586%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3_%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25C3%25A6" title="Æртыккаг Республикæ – الأوسيتيك" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æртыккаг Республикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="الأوسيتيك" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/III_Republika_Francuska" title="III Republika Francuska – البولندية" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="III Republika Francuska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="البولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C%25D8%25AC%25DB%258C_%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25DB%2581%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25DB%2581" title="تیجی فرانسیسی جمہوریہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تیجی فرانسیسی جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF_%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25DB%2590_%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25DB%2590%25DB%258C%25D9%2585_%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA" title="د فرانسې درېیم جمهوریت – البشتو" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د فرانسې درېیم جمهوریت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="البشتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terceira_Rep%25C3%25BAblica_Francesa" title="Terceira República Francesa – البرتغالية" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Terceira República Francesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="البرتغالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Treia_Republic%25C4%2583_Francez%25C4%2583" title="A Treia Republică Franceză – الرومانية" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="A Treia Republică Franceză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="الرومانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D1%258C%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Третья Французская республика – الروسية" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Третья Французская республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="الروسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre%25C4%2587a_Francuska_Republika" title="Treća Francuska Republika – صربية-كرواتية" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Treća Francuska Republika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="صربية-كرواتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="French Third Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tretia_franc%25C3%25BAzska_republika" title="Tretia francúzska republika – السلوفاكية" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tretia francúzska republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="السلوفاكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francoska_Tretja_republika" title="Francoska Tretja republika – السلوفانية" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francoska Tretja republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="السلوفانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_e_Tret%25C3%25AB_Franceze" title="Republika e Tretë Franceze – الألبانية" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Republika e Tretë Franceze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الألبانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%259B%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2584%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Трећа француска република – الصربية" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Трећа француска република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="الصربية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tredje_franska_republiken" title="Tredje franska republiken – السويدية" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tredje franska republiken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="السويدية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%259E%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2581_%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%2582%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2581" title="பிரெஞ்சு மூன்றாம் குடியரசு – التاميلية" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரெஞ்சு மூன்றாம் குடியரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="التاميلية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2598%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2593%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2590%25E0%25B8%259D%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B9%2588_3" title="สาธารณรัฐฝรั่งเศสที่ 3 – التايلاندية" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐฝรั่งเศสที่ 3" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="التايلاندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%259C%25C3%25A7%25C3%25BCnc%25C3%25BC_Frans%25C4%25B1z_Cumhuriyeti" title="Üçüncü Fransız Cumhuriyeti – التركية" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Üçüncü Fransız Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="التركية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D1%258F_%25D1%2584%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Третя французька республіка – الأوكرانية" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Третя французька республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="الأوكرانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25DB%2581%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25DB%2581_%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D9%2585" title="فرانسیسی جمہوریہ سوم – الأوردية" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانسیسی جمہوریہ سوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="الأوردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tersa_Rep%25C3%25B9blega_franseze" title="Tersa Repùblega franseze – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tersa Repùblega franseze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%2590%25E1%25BB%2587_Tam_C%25E1%25BB%2599ng_h%25C3%25B2a_Ph%25C3%25A1p" title="Đệ Tam Cộng hòa Pháp – الفيتنامية" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đệ Tam Cộng hòa Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="الفيتنامية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%2585%25B0%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25B8%2589%25E5%2585%25B1%25E5%2592%258C%25E5%259B%25BD" title="法兰西第三共和国 – الوو الصينية" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法兰西第三共和国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="الوو الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A8_%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2590_%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590" title="საფრანგეთიშ მასუმა რესპუბლიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="საფრანგეთიშ მასუმა რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Cgb%25C3%25A0_%25C3%2592%25E1%25B9%25A3%25C3%25A8l%25C3%25BA_K%25E1%25BA%25B9ta_Fr%25C3%25A1ns%25C3%25AC" title="Ìgbà Òṣèlú Kẹta Fránsì – اليوروبا" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìgbà Òṣèlú Kẹta Fránsì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="اليوروبا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%2585%25B0%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25B8%2589%25E5%2585%25B1%25E5%2592%258C%25E5%259B%25BD" title="法兰西第三共和国 – الصينية" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法兰西第三共和国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-l%25C3%25A2n-se_T%25C4%2593-sa%25E2%2581%25BF_Ki%25C5%258Dng-h%25C3%25B4-kok" title="Hoat-lân-se Tē-saⁿ Kiōng-hô-kok – مين-نان الصينية" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-lân-se Tē-saⁿ Kiōng-hô-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="مين-نان الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E8%2598%25AD%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25B8%2589%25E5%2585%25B1%25E5%2592%258C%25E5%259C%258B" title="法蘭西第三共和國 – الكَنْتُونية" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法蘭西第三共和國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="الكَنْتُونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div 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