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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Palmar plate</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Volar plate" redirects here. For the equivalent structures in the foot, see <a href="/wiki/Plantar_plate" title="Plantar plate">Plantar plate</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Palmar plate</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Metacarpophalangeal_joint_illustration.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Metacarpophalangeal_joint_illustration.svg/190px-Metacarpophalangeal_joint_illustration.svg.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Metacarpophalangeal_joint_illustration.svg/285px-Metacarpophalangeal_joint_illustration.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Metacarpophalangeal_joint_illustration.svg/380px-Metacarpophalangeal_joint_illustration.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">MCP joint in extension and in flexion, palmar plate in grey</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>ligamenta palmaria</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D053401">D053401</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/03.5.11.603%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A03.5.11.603</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=1844">1844</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma71410">71410</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7128149" class="extiw" title="d:Q7128149">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the human <a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">hand</a>, <b>palmar</b> or <b>volar plates</b> (also referred to as <b>palmar</b> or <b>volar <a href="/wiki/Ligament" title="Ligament">ligaments</a></b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are found in the <a href="/wiki/Metacarpophalangeal_joint" title="Metacarpophalangeal joint">metacarpophalangeal</a> (MCP) and <a href="/wiki/Interphalangeal_articulations_of_hand" class="mw-redirect" title="Interphalangeal articulations of hand">interphalangeal</a> (IP) joints, where they reinforce the <a href="/wiki/Joint_capsule" title="Joint capsule">joint capsules</a>, enhance joint stability, and limit <a href="/wiki/Hyperextension" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperextension">hyperextension</a>. The plates of the MCP and IP joints are structurally and functionally similar, except that in the MCP joints they are interconnected by a <a href="/wiki/Deep_transverse_metacarpal_ligament" title="Deep transverse metacarpal ligament">deep transverse ligament</a>. In the MCP joints, they also indirectly provide stability to the longitudinal palmar arches of the hand. <sup id="cite_ref-Austin-321_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Austin-321-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Austin-324_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Austin-324-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The volar plate of the thumb MCP joint has a transverse longitudinal rectangular shape, shorter than those in the fingers. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmar_plate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This <a href="/wiki/Fibrocartilage" title="Fibrocartilage">fibrocartilaginous</a> structure is attached to the volar base of the phalanx distal to the joint. From there, it forms a palmar continuation of the articular surface of the phalanx bone and its inner surface thus adds to the articular surface during extension. <sup id="cite_ref-Austin-321_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Austin-321-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its proximal end, the volar plate becomes <a href="/wiki/Membrane" title="Membrane">membranous</a> and blends with the volar capsule which is attached to the head of the metacarpal bone. During flexion, the plate glides proximally down the volar surface of the metacarpal head. Its flexible attachment to the phalanx bone not only prevents it from restricting joint movements, but also prevents the long flexor tendons from being pinched in the joint. <sup id="cite_ref-Austin-321_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Austin-321-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flexion of the proximal phalanx is facilitated by the shape of the proximal edge, known as the volar recess,<sup id="cite_ref-BergerWeiss-2004_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BergerWeiss-2004-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this <a href="/wiki/Diaphanous" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaphanous">diaphanous</a> end of the volar plate is also the part of the metacarpophalangeal joint that is most susceptible to injury during dislocations.<sup id="cite_ref-Gammons_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gammons-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to its <a href="/wiki/Fibrocartilage" title="Fibrocartilage">fibrocartilaginous</a> composition, the plate is thus able to (1) resist <a href="/wiki/Stress_(mechanics)" title="Stress (mechanics)">tensile stresses</a> while (2) restricting hyperextension and compression and (3) protecting the volar articular surface. <sup id="cite_ref-Austin-321_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Austin-321-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmar_plate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The palmar plate moves in three phases during joint flexion. First, it slides back toward the hand. Next, it is lifted away from the proximal phalanx by the A3 pulley. Last, a lip on the middle phalanx rolls into a recess on the plate. If the A3 pulley is not intact, the normal three phases of motion do not occur and instead the plate crumples.<sup id="cite_ref-saito2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saito2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metacarpophalangeal_joints">Metacarpophalangeal joints</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmar_plate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Metacarpophalangeal joints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the MCP joints, the four volar plates of the fingers and the capsules within which they lie are blended with and interconnected by the <a href="/wiki/Deep_transverse_metacarpal_ligament" title="Deep transverse metacarpal ligament">deep transverse metacarpal ligament</a> which ties the metacarpal heads together. Dorsal to this ligament on each side of the metacarpal heads are sagittal bands that connect the volar plates to the tendon of the <a href="/wiki/Extensor_digitorum_muscle" title="Extensor digitorum muscle">extensor digitorum</a> and to the <a href="/wiki/Extensor_expansion" title="Extensor expansion">extensor expansion</a>. These bands help stabilise the volar plates over the metacarpal heads. <sup id="cite_ref-Austin-321_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Austin-321-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast to the volar plates of the MCP joints of the fingers, the volar plate of the thumb MCP joint is a thick structure firmly attached to the base of the proximal phalanx. It forms the bottom of a two-sided box, the sides of which are made up of the <a href="/wiki/Collateral_ligaments_of_metacarpophalangeal_articulations" class="mw-redirect" title="Collateral ligaments of metacarpophalangeal articulations">collateral ligaments</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-Doyle-540_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doyle-540-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmar_plate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray337.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Volar aspect."><img alt="Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Volar aspect." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Gray337.png/64px-Gray337.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Gray337.png/96px-Gray337.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Gray337.png/128px-Gray337.png 2x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Volar aspect.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray338.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Ulnar aspect."><img alt="Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Ulnar aspect." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gray338.png/77px-Gray338.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gray338.png/116px-Gray338.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gray338.png/154px-Gray338.png 2x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Ulnar aspect.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmar_plate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annular_ligaments_of_fingers" title="Annular ligaments of fingers">Annular ligaments of fingers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmar_plate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy">older literature</a> they are also known as the glenoid ligaments of Cruveilhier or vaginal ligaments.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Austin-321-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Austin-321_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Austin-321_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Austin-321_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Austin-321_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Austin-321_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAustin2005">Austin 2005</a>, pp. 321–22 (MCP joints)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Austin-324-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Austin-324_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAustin2005">Austin 2005</a>, p. 324 (IP joints)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmidtLanz2003">Schmidt & Lanz 2003</a>, p. 111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BergerWeiss-2004-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BergerWeiss-2004_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBergerWeiss2004">Berger & Weiss 2004</a>, p. 175</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gammons-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gammons_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGammons2008">Gammons 2008</a>, <i>Functional Anatomy</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-saito2011-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-saito2011_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSaitoSuzuki2011" class="citation journal cs1">Saito, S.; Suzuki, Y. (2011). "Biomechanics of the Volar Plate of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: A Dynamic Ultrasonographic Study". <i>The Journal of Hand Surgery</i>. <b>36</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">265–</span>271. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhsa.2010.10.034">10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.10.034</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2433%2F159397">2433/159397</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21276889">21276889</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Hand+Surgery&rft.atitle=Biomechanics+of+the+Volar+Plate+of+the+Proximal+Interphalangeal+Joint%3A+A+Dynamic+Ultrasonographic+Study&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E265-%3C%2Fspan%3E271&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2433%2F159397&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21276889&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jhsa.2010.10.034&rft.aulast=Saito&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Suzuki%2C+Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalmar+plate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doyle-540-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doyle-540_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoyleBotte2003">Doyle & Botte 2003</a>, pp. 540–41</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmar_plate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustin2005" class="citation book cs1">Austin, Noelle M. (2005). "Chapter 9: The Wrist and Hand Complex". In Levangie, Pamela K.; Norkin, Cynthia C. (eds.). <i>Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis</i> (4th ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8036-1191-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8036-1191-7"><bdi>978-0-8036-1191-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+9%3A+The+Wrist+and+Hand+Complex&rft.btitle=Joint+Structure+and+Function%3A+A+Comprehensive+Analysis&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=F.+A.+Davis+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8036-1191-7&rft.aulast=Austin&rft.aufirst=Noelle+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalmar+plate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergerWeiss2004" class="citation book cs1">Berger, Richard A.; Weiss, Arnold-Peter C. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b7-kkx-8eqYC&pg=PA175"><i>Hand Surgery</i></a>. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-2874-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-2874-4"><bdi>978-0-7817-2874-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hand+Surgery&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7817-2874-4&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Arnold-Peter+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db7-kkx-8eqYC%26pg%3DPA175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalmar+plate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoyleBotte2003" class="citation book cs1">Doyle, James R.; Botte, Michael J. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=96jG5n-vmPcC&pg=PA546"><i>Surgical anatomy of the hand and upper extremity</i></a>. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-397-51725-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-397-51725-1"><bdi>978-0-397-51725-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Surgical+anatomy+of+the+hand+and+upper+extremity&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-397-51725-1&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rft.au=Botte%2C+Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D96jG5n-vmPcC%26pg%3DPA546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalmar+plate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGammons2008" class="citation web cs1">Gammons, Matthew (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/98230-overview">"Metacarpophalangeal Joint Dislocation"</a>. eMedicine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metacarpophalangeal+Joint+Dislocation&rft.pub=eMedicine&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Gammons&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femedicine.medscape.com%2Farticle%2F98230-overview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalmar+plate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidtLanz2003" class="citation book cs1">Schmidt, Hans-Martin; Lanz, Ulrich (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L7a1tkBU8eMC&pg=PA111"><i>Surgical Anatomy of the Hand</i></a>. Thieme. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58890-007-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-58890-007-X"><bdi>1-58890-007-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Surgical+Anatomy+of+the+Hand&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Thieme&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-58890-007-X&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Hans-Martin&rft.au=Lanz%2C+Ulrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL7a1tkBU8eMC%26pg%3DPA111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalmar+plate" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Joints_of_upper_limbs" title="Template:Joints of upper limbs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joints_of_upper_limbs" title="Template talk:Joints of upper limbs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joints_of_upper_limbs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joints of upper limbs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Joints_and_ligaments_of_the_arm83" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Joint" title="Joint">Joints</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ligament" title="Ligament">ligaments</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Arm" title="Arm">arm</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">Shoulder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sternoclavicular_joint" title="Sternoclavicular joint">Sternoclavicular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_sternoclavicular_ligament" title="Anterior sternoclavicular ligament">Anterior sternoclavicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_sternoclavicular_ligament" title="Posterior sternoclavicular ligament">Posterior sternoclavicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interclavicular_ligament" title="Interclavicular ligament">Interclavicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costoclavicular_ligament" title="Costoclavicular ligament">Costoclavicular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acromioclavicular_joint" title="Acromioclavicular joint">Acromioclavicular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syndesmosis" title="Syndesmosis">Syndesmoses</a>: <a href="/wiki/Coracoacromial_ligament" title="Coracoacromial ligament">Coracoacromial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_transverse_scapular_ligament" title="Superior transverse scapular ligament">Superior transverse scapular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_transverse_ligament_of_scapula" title="Inferior transverse ligament of scapula">Inferior transverse of scapula</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synovial_joint" title="Synovial joint">Synovial</a>: <a href="/wiki/Acromioclavicular_ligament" title="Acromioclavicular ligament">Acromioclavicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coracoclavicular_ligament" title="Coracoclavicular ligament">Coracoclavicular</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trapezoid_ligament" title="Trapezoid ligament">trapezoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conoid_ligament" title="Conoid ligament">conoid</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glenohumeral_joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenohumeral joint">Glenohumeral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Articular_capsule_of_the_humerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Articular capsule of the humerus">Capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coracohumeral_ligament" title="Coracohumeral ligament">Coracohumeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenohumeral_ligaments" title="Glenohumeral ligaments">Glenohumeral (superior, middle, and inferior)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_humeral_ligament" title="Transverse humeral ligament">Transverse humeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenoid_labrum" title="Glenoid labrum">Glenoid labrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elbow" title="Elbow">Elbow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Humeroradial_joint" title="Humeroradial joint">Humeroradial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radial_collateral_ligament_of_elbow_joint" title="Radial collateral ligament of elbow joint">Radial collateral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Humeroulnar_joint" title="Humeroulnar joint">Humeroulnar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulnar_collateral_ligament_of_elbow_joint" title="Ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint">Ulnar collateral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proximal_radioulnar_articulation" title="Proximal radioulnar articulation">Proximal radioulnar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anular_ligament_of_radius" class="mw-redirect" title="Anular ligament of radius">Anular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblique_cord" title="Oblique cord">Oblique cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrate_ligament" title="Quadrate ligament">Quadrate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forearm" title="Forearm">Forearm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Distal_radioulnar52" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Distal_radioulnar_articulation" title="Distal radioulnar articulation">Distal radioulnar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palmar_radioulnar_ligament" title="Palmar radioulnar ligament">Palmar radioulnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_radioulnar_ligament" title="Dorsal radioulnar ligament">Dorsal radioulnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interosseous_membrane_of_forearm" title="Interosseous membrane of forearm">Interosseous membrane of forearm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">Hand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wrist" title="Wrist">Wrist/radiocarpal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_radiocarpal_ligament" title="Dorsal radiocarpal ligament">Dorsal radiocarpal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Palmar_radiocarpal_ligament" title="Palmar radiocarpal ligament">Palmar radiocarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_ulnocarpal_ligament" title="Dorsal ulnocarpal ligament">Dorsal ulnocarpal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Palmar_ulnocarpal_ligament" title="Palmar ulnocarpal ligament">Palmar ulnocarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulnar_collateral_ligament_of_wrist_joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulnar collateral ligament of wrist joint">Ulnar collateral</a>/<a href="/wiki/Radial_collateral_ligament_of_wrist_joint" title="Radial collateral ligament of wrist joint">Radial collateral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intercarpal_joints" title="Intercarpal joints">Intercarpal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midcarpal_joint" title="Midcarpal joint">Midcarpal</a></li></ul></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiate_carpal_ligament" title="Radiate carpal ligament">Radiate carpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_intercarpal_ligament" title="Dorsal intercarpal ligament">Dorsal intercarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmar_intercarpal_ligaments" title="Palmar intercarpal ligaments">Palmar intercarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interosseous_intercarpal_ligaments" title="Interosseous intercarpal ligaments">Interosseous intercarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapholunate_ligament" title="Scapholunate ligament">Scapholunate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisiform_joint" title="Pisiform joint">Pisiform joint</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pisohamate_ligament" title="Pisohamate ligament">Pisohamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisometacarpal_ligament" title="Pisometacarpal ligament">Pisometacarpal</a>)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carpometacarpal_joint" title="Carpometacarpal joint">Carpometacarpal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_carpometacarpal_ligaments" title="Dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments">Dorsal carpometacarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmar_carpometacarpal_ligaments" title="Palmar carpometacarpal ligaments">Palmar carpometacarpal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carpometacarpal_joint#Thumb" title="Carpometacarpal joint">thumb</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Radial_collateral_ligament_of_thumb" title="Radial collateral ligament of thumb">Radial collateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulnar_collateral_ligament_of_thumb" title="Ulnar collateral ligament of thumb">Ulnar collateral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intermetacarpal_joints" title="Intermetacarpal joints">Intermetacarpal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_transverse_metacarpal_ligament" title="Deep transverse metacarpal ligament">Deep transverse metacarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superficial_transverse_metacarpal_ligament" class="mw-redirect" title="Superficial transverse metacarpal ligament">Superficial transverse metacarpal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metacarpophalangeal_joint" title="Metacarpophalangeal joint">Metacarpophalangeal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collateral_ligaments_of_metacarpophalangeal_joints" title="Collateral ligaments of metacarpophalangeal joints">Collateral</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palmar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interphalangeal_joints_of_hand" class="mw-redirect" title="Interphalangeal joints of hand">Interphalangeal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collateral_ligament_of_interphalangeal_joints_of_hand" title="Collateral ligament of interphalangeal joints of hand">Collateral</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palmar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td 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