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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ell</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_(lengtemaat)" title="El (lengtemaat) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="El (lengtemaat)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C_(%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96)" title="Локаць (адзінка даўжыні) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Локаць (адзінка даўжыні)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwalenn_(muzul)" title="Gwalenn (muzul) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwalenn (muzul)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loket_(d%C3%A9lkov%C3%A1_m%C3%ADra)" title="Loket (délková míra) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Loket (délková míra)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alen" title="Alen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elle_(Einheit)" title="Elle (Einheit) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elle (Einheit)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%BCnar" title="Küünar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Küünar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukondo_(unitatea)" title="Ukondo (unitatea) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ukondo (unitatea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84_(%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7)" title="ال (یکا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ال (یکا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aune" title="Aune – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aune" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellen" title="Jellen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jellen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%98_(%EB%8B%A8%EC%9C%84)" title="엘 (단위) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엘 (단위)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կանգուն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կանգուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elo" title="Elo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alin" title="Alin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auna" title="Auna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Auna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhiraa" title="Dhiraa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dhiraa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubitus_(mensura)" title="Cubitus (mensura) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cubitus (mensura)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uolektis" title="Uolektis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Uolektis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%91f" title="Rőf – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rőf" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Лакот (мерка) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лакот (мерка)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_(lengtemaat)" title="El (lengtemaat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="El (lengtemaat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB_(%E5%8D%98%E4%BD%8D)" title="エル (単位) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エル (単位)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alen" title="Alen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alen" title="Alen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirsak" title="Tirsak – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tirsak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81okie%C4%87_(miara)" title="Łokieć (miara) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łokieć (miara)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8C_(%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B)" title="Локоть (единица длины) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Локоть (единица длины)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84%C3%A4lne" title="Äälne – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Äälne" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ell" title="Ell – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ell" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatel" title="Vatel – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vatel" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82_(%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83)" title="Лакат (мјера за дужину) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лакат (мјера за дужину)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakat_(mjera)" title="Lakat (mjera) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lakat (mjera)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyyn%C3%A4r%C3%A4" title="Kyynärä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kyynärä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aln" title="Aln – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aln" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8C_(%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8)" title="Лікоть (одиниця довжини) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лікоть (одиниця довжини)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ell" title="Ell – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ell" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%BCn%C3%A4r" title="Küünär – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Küünär" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94ne_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Ône (unité) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ône (unité)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastos" title="Mastos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mastos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%88%BE" title="厄爾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="厄爾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q214377#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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For the letter, see <a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ell_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ell (disambiguation)">Ell (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Aune" redirects here. For the surname, see <a href="/wiki/Aune_(surname)" title="Aune (surname)">Aune (surname)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-unit"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Ell</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ell.jpg/220px-Ell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ell.jpg/330px-Ell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ell.jpg/440px-Ell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="313" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The ell was originally a <a href="/wiki/Cubit" title="Cubit">cubit</a>, later replaced by the cloth-ell or "double ell".</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit of</th><td class="infobox-data">Length</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Conversions (imperial) </th></tr><tr class="nowrap"><td>1 imp unit <i>in ...</i></td><td><i>... is equal to ...</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span>Inch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>45</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span>Metre</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>1.143</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Regensburg_-_Altes_Rathaus_-_Masse_-_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Regensburg_-_Altes_Rathaus_-_Masse_-_2016.jpg/170px-Regensburg_-_Altes_Rathaus_-_Masse_-_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Regensburg_-_Altes_Rathaus_-_Masse_-_2016.jpg/255px-Regensburg_-_Altes_Rathaus_-_Masse_-_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Regensburg_-_Altes_Rathaus_-_Masse_-_2016.jpg/340px-Regensburg_-_Altes_Rathaus_-_Masse_-_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption>Historic standard units of the city of <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a>: from left to right, a <a href="/wiki/Fathom" title="Fathom">fathom</a> (<i>Klafter</i>), <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">foot</a> (<i>Schuch</i>) and ell (<i>Öln</i>).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bad_Langensalza,_Preu%C3%9Fische_Elle_und_Preu%C3%9Fisches_Fu%C3%9F_am_Rathaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bad_Langensalza%2C_Preu%C3%9Fische_Elle_und_Preu%C3%9Fisches_Fu%C3%9F_am_Rathaus.jpg/220px-Bad_Langensalza%2C_Preu%C3%9Fische_Elle_und_Preu%C3%9Fisches_Fu%C3%9F_am_Rathaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bad_Langensalza%2C_Preu%C3%9Fische_Elle_und_Preu%C3%9Fisches_Fu%C3%9F_am_Rathaus.jpg/330px-Bad_Langensalza%2C_Preu%C3%9Fische_Elle_und_Preu%C3%9Fisches_Fu%C3%9F_am_Rathaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bad_Langensalza%2C_Preu%C3%9Fische_Elle_und_Preu%C3%9Fisches_Fu%C3%9F_am_Rathaus.jpg/440px-Bad_Langensalza%2C_Preu%C3%9Fische_Elle_und_Preu%C3%9Fisches_Fu%C3%9F_am_Rathaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Prussian ell.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>ell</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a> *<i>alinō</i>, cognate with <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ulna" title="Ulna">ulna</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a northwestern European <a href="/wiki/Units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Units of measurement">unit of measurement</a>, originally understood as a <a href="/wiki/Cubit" title="Cubit">cubit</a> (the combined length of the forearm and extended hand). The word literally means "arm", and survives in the modern English word "elbow" (arm-bend). Later usage through the 19th century refers to several longer units,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Diagonal_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Diagonal-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LewisKingery1918_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LewisKingery1918-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some of which are thought to derive from a "double ell".<sup id="cite_ref-Boston.)1857_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boston.)1857-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-O'Gorman1853_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Gorman1853-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An <b>ell-wand</b> or <b>ellwand</b> was a rod of length one ell used for official measurement. <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I of England</a> required that every town have one. In Scotland, the <a href="/wiki/Belt_of_Orion" class="mw-redirect" title="Belt of Orion">Belt of Orion</a> was called "the King's Ellwand".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An iron ellwand is preserved in the entrance to <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5nga_Church" title="Stånga Church">Stånga Church</a> on the Swedish island of <a href="/wiki/Gotland" title="Gotland">Gotland</a>, indicating the role that rural churches had in disseminating uniform measures.<sup id="cite_ref-stanga_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stanga-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several national forms existed, with different lengths, including the <a href="#Scots">Scottish ell</a> <span class="nowrap">(≈37 inches or 94 centimetres)</span>, the <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flemish</a> ell [el] <span class="nowrap">(≈27 in or 68.6 cm)</span>, the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> ell [aune] <span class="nowrap">(≈54 in or 137.2 cm)</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-Brayshaws_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brayshaws-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Polish</a> ell <span class="nowrap">(≈31 in or 78.7 cm)</span>, the <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> alen <span class="nowrap">(24 <a href="/wiki/Danish_units_of_measurement#Length" title="Danish units of measurement">Danish</a> inches or 2 Danish fod: 62.7708 cm)</span>, the <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> aln <span class="nowrap">(2 Swedish fot 59.38 cm)</span> and the German ell [<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Elle</i></span>] of different lengths in Frankfurt (54.7 cm), Cologne, Leipzig (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a>) or Hamburg. </p><p>Select customs were observed by English <a href="/wiki/Import" title="Import">importers</a> of Dutch <a href="/wiki/Textiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles">textiles</a>; although all cloths were bought by the Flemish ell, <a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">linen</a> was sold by the English ell, but <a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">tapestry</a> was sold by the Flemish ell.<sup id="cite_ref-Brayshaws_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brayshaws-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Viking ell was the measure from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger, about 18 inches (460 mm). The Viking or primitive ell was used in Iceland up to the 13th century. By the 13th century, a law set the "stika" as equal to 2 ells which was the English ell of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_use">Historic use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ell&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historic use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England">England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ell&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In England, the ell was usually exactly 45 in (1.143 m), or a yard and a quarter. It was mainly used in the <a href="/wiki/Tailoring" class="mw-redirect" title="Tailoring">tailoring</a> business but is now obsolete. Although the exact length was never defined in English law, standards were kept; the brass ell examined at the <a href="/wiki/Exchequer" title="Exchequer">Exchequer</a> by Graham in the 1740s had been in use "since the time of Queen Elizabeth".<sup id="cite_ref-knight_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knight-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other English measures called an ell include the "yard and handful", or 40 in. ell, abolished in 1439; the yard and inch, or 37 in. ell (a cloth measure), abolished after 1553 and known later as the Scotch ell＝37·06; and the cloth ell of 45 in., used until 1600.<sup id="cite_ref-enbrit_ell_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enbrit_ell-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Yard" title="Yard">yard</a> for details. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scots">Scots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ell&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Scottish ell</b> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">slat Albannach</i>) is approximately 37 inches (0.94 m). The Scottish ell was standardised in 1661, with the exemplar to be kept in the custody of Edinburgh.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It comes from <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">elle</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was used in the popular expression "Gie 'im an inch, an he'll tak an ell" (equivalent to "Give him an inch and he'll take a mile" or "... he'll take a <a href="/wiki/Yard" title="Yard">yard</a>." </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Ell_House" title="The Ell House">The Ell Shop</a> (1757) in <a href="/wiki/Dunkeld" title="Dunkeld">Dunkeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perth_and_Kinross" title="Perth and Kinross">Perth and Kinross</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Scotland" title="National Trust for Scotland">National Trust for Scotland</a>), is so called from the 18th-century iron ell-stick attached to one corner, once used to measure cloth and other commodities in the adjacent market-place. The shaft of the 17th-century Kincardine <a href="/wiki/Mercat_cross" title="Mercat cross">mercat cross</a> stands in the square of <a href="/wiki/Fettercairn" title="Fettercairn">Fettercairn</a>, and is notched to show the measurements of an ell. </p><p>Scottish measures were made obsolete, and English measurements made standard in Scotland, by an Act of Parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1824" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1824">Weights and Measures Act 1824</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:About_the_Dunkeld_ell_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1505823.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/About_the_Dunkeld_ell_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1505823.jpg/220px-About_the_Dunkeld_ell_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1505823.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/About_the_Dunkeld_ell_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1505823.jpg/330px-About_the_Dunkeld_ell_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1505823.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/About_the_Dunkeld_ell_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1505823.jpg/440px-About_the_Dunkeld_ell_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1505823.jpg 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Dunkeld" title="Dunkeld">Dunkeld</a> ell explained on an information board outside <a href="/wiki/The_Ell_House" title="The Ell House">The Ell Shop</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_%22Ell%22_on_the_side_of_the_National_Trust_for_Scotland_shop._-_geograph.org.uk_-_1138039.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/The_%22Ell%22_on_the_side_of_the_National_Trust_for_Scotland_shop._-_geograph.org.uk_-_1138039.jpg/220px-The_%22Ell%22_on_the_side_of_the_National_Trust_for_Scotland_shop._-_geograph.org.uk_-_1138039.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/The_%22Ell%22_on_the_side_of_the_National_Trust_for_Scotland_shop._-_geograph.org.uk_-_1138039.jpg/330px-The_%22Ell%22_on_the_side_of_the_National_Trust_for_Scotland_shop._-_geograph.org.uk_-_1138039.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/The_%22Ell%22_on_the_side_of_the_National_Trust_for_Scotland_shop._-_geograph.org.uk_-_1138039.jpg/440px-The_%22Ell%22_on_the_side_of_the_National_Trust_for_Scotland_shop._-_geograph.org.uk_-_1138039.jpg 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/The_Ell_House" title="The Ell House">Ell Shop</a> iron ell attached to the wall.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ell&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similar measures include:<sup id="cite_ref-enbrit_ell_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enbrit_ell-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Netherlands: el, 1 metre (Old ell＝27.08 inches)</li> <li>Jersey: ell, 4 feet</li> <li>N. Borneo: ella, 1 yard</li> <li>Switzerland: elle, 0.6561 yard</li> <li>Ottoman Turkey: Arşın, ~69 cm</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature">In literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ell&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ells are used for measuring the length of rope in <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-TLotR_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLotR-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Sam declares that 30 elles are "about" 18 fathoms (108 feet), he seems to be using the 45-inch English ell, which would work out to 112 feet. </p><p>In the epic poem <i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight" title="Sir Gawain and the Green Knight">Sir Gawain and the Green Knight</a></i>, the Green Knight's axe-head was an ell (45 inches) wide.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ells were also used in the medieval French play <a href="/wiki/La_Farce_de_ma%C3%AEtre_Pathelin" title="La Farce de maître Pathelin"><i>The Farce of Master Pathelin</i></a> to measure the size of the clothing Pierre Pathelin bought.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a> described <a href="/wiki/%C3%96rvar-Oddr" title="Örvar-Oddr">Örvar-Oddr</a> as twelve <a href="/wiki/Danish_units_of_measure" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish units of measure">Danish ells</a> tall in <a href="/wiki/Independent_People" title="Independent People">Independent People</a>, Part II, "Of the World".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ell&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/60511">"ell, n.1"</a>. OED Online. December 2011. Oxford University Press. (accessed February 20, 2012).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Diagonal-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Diagonal_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BudNAAAAYAAJ&q=%22the+ell+was+originally+the+same+measure+as+the+cubit%22&pg=PA98"><i>The Diagonal</i></a>. Yale University Press. 1920. p. 98<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diagonal&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1920&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBudNAAAAYAAJ%26q%3D%2522the%2Bell%2Bwas%2Boriginally%2Bthe%2Bsame%2Bmeasure%2Bas%2Bthe%2Bcubit%2522%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LewisKingery1918-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LewisKingery1918_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlton_Thomas_LewisHugh_Macmaster_Kingery1918" class="citation book cs1">Charlton Thomas Lewis; Hugh Macmaster Kingery (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_2ncKAAAAIAAJ"><i>An elementary Latin dictionary</i></a>. American book company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_2ncKAAAAIAAJ/page/n204">198</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2012</span>. <q>forearm, ell, cubit.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+elementary+Latin+dictionary&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=American+book+company&rft.date=1918&rft.au=Charlton+Thomas+Lewis&rft.au=Hugh+Macmaster+Kingery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_2ncKAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boston.)1857-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boston.)1857_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Robinson_(of_Boston.)1857" class="citation book cs1">James Robinson (of Boston.) (1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=klYMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA94"><i>The American elementary arithmetic</i></a>. J.P. Jewett & co. p. 94<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+elementary+arithmetic&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=J.P.+Jewett+%26+co.&rft.date=1857&rft.au=James+Robinson+%28of+Boston.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DklYMAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Gorman1853-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Gorman1853_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_O'Gorman1853" class="citation book cs1">Daniel O'Gorman (1853). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intuitivecalcul00ogogoog"><i>Intuitive calculations; the readiest and most concise methods</i></a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intuitivecalcul00ogogoog/page/n54">48</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intuitive+calculations%3B+the+readiest+and+most+concise+methods&rft.pages=48&rft.date=1853&rft.au=Daniel+O%27Gorman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintuitivecalcul00ogogoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/brewers/ell-wand.html">infoplease.com</a>, <i>OED</i> <i>s.</i> Ell-wand.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAR_Littlewood" class="citation web cs1">AR Littlewood. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content-www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/89685.html">"The measurements of cricket"</a>. ESPN cricinfo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+measurements+of+cricket&rft.pub=ESPN+cricinfo&rft.au=AR+Littlewood&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent-www.cricinfo.com%2Fci%2Fcontent%2Fstory%2F89685.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stanga-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stanga_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrén2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Andrén, Anders (2017). <i>Det Medeltida Gotland. En arkeologisk guidebok</i> [<i>Medieval Gotland. An archaeological guidebook</i>] (in Swedish) (2nd ed.). Lund: Historiska Media. p. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-7545-476-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-7545-476-4"><bdi>978-91-7545-476-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Det+Medeltida+Gotland.+En+arkeologisk+guidebok&rft.place=Lund&rft.pages=206&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Historiska+Media&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-91-7545-476-4&rft.aulast=Andr%C3%A9n&rft.aufirst=Anders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brayshaws-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brayshaws_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brayshaws_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brayshaw, Tom S., ed. <i>Brayshaw's Mathematical Desk Companion</i>. Chesterfield, England: Thomas Brayshaw Ltd., Edition 16, 1955</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNancy_Marie_Brown2007" class="citation book cs1">Nancy Marie Brown (2007). <i>The Far Traveller: Voyages of a Viking Woman</i>. Harcourt. pp. 236, 276. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/85822467">85822467</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Far+Traveller%3A+Voyages+of+a+Viking+Woman&rft.pages=236%2C+276&rft.pub=Harcourt&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F85822467&rft.au=Nancy+Marie+Brown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-knight-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-knight_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight1840" class="citation book cs1">Knight, Charles (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-BHnAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Penny magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, Volume 9</i></a>. London: Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penny+magazine+of+the+Society+for+the+Diffusion+of+Useful+Knowledge%2C+Volume+9&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Society+for+the+Diffusion+of+Useful+Knowledge&rft.date=1840&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-BHnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enbrit_ell-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-enbrit_ell_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enbrit_ell_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Weights_and_Measures" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Weights and Measures">Weights and Measures</a>" (free fulltext), from the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 01 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Concise Scots Dictionary</i>, chief editor Mairi Robinson, Aberdeen University Press, 1987, p 817</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321185041/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=2873&startset=14827060&query=Ell&fhit=ell&dregion=form&dtext=dost#fhit">"Dictionary of the Scots Language"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=2873&startset=14827060&query=Ell&fhit=ell&dregion=form&dtext=dost#fhit">the original</a> on 2012-03-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+the+Scots+Language&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsl.ac.uk%2Fgetent4.php%3Fplen%3D2873%26startset%3D14827060%26query%3DEll%26fhit%3Dell%26dregion%3Dform%26dtext%3Ddost%23fhit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TLotR-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TLotR_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1997). <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings"><i>The Lord of the Rings</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. pp. 595–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-261-10368-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-261-10368-7"><bdi>0-261-10368-7</bdi></a>. <q>Sam paid it out slowly, measuring it with his arms: 'Five, ten, twenty, thirty ells, more or less, ... Thirty ells, or say, about eighteen <a href="/wiki/Fathom" title="Fathom">fathom</a><span style="padding-right:0.15em;">'</span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings&rft.pages=595-6&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-261-10368-7&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurrow1972" class="citation book cs1">Burrow, J. A., ed. (1972). <i>Sir Gawain and the Green Knight</i>. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140806679" title="Special:BookSources/0140806679"><bdi>0140806679</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1136028">1136028</a>. <q>The lenkthe of an elnyerde the large hed had</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Gawain+and+the+Green+Knight&rft.place=Harmondsworth%2C+England&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1136028&rft.isbn=0140806679&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warburg.sas.ac.uk/pdf/ebh410b2451866.pdf">"The farce of Master Pierre Patelin"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>sas.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sas.ac.uk&rft.atitle=The+farce+of+Master+Pierre+Patelin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarburg.sas.ac.uk%2Fpdf%2Febh410b2451866.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaxness1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Laxness, Halldór</a> (1997) [1946]. <i>Sjálfstætt fólk</i> [<i>Independent People</i>]. Translated by <a href="/wiki/J._A._Thompson" title="J. A. Thompson">Thompson, J. A. (James Anderson)</a>. Introduction by <a href="/wiki/Brad_Leithauser" title="Brad Leithauser">Brad Leithauser</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage</a>. p. 201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-76792-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-76792-4"><bdi>0-679-76792-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sj%C3%A1lfst%C3%A6tt+f%C3%B3lk&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-679-76792-4&rft.aulast=Laxness&rft.aufirst=Halld%C3%B3r&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Attribution</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>This article incorporates text from </i><a href="/wiki/Edward_Dwelly" title="Edward Dwelly">Dwelly's</a> [Scottish] Gaelic Dictionary<i> (1911)</i>. <i>See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Dwelly/page/850/mode/2up">p. 861</a>.</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ell&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Collins Encyclopedia of Scotland</i></li> <li><i>Scottish National Dictionary</i> and <i>Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue</i></li> <li><i>Weights and Measures</i>, by D. Richard Torrance, SAFHS, Edinburgh, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-874722-09-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-874722-09-9">1-874722-09-9</a> (N.B.: The book focusses exclusively on Scottish weights and measures.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ell&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" 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href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">UK imperial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">US customary units (USCS/USC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_units_of_measurement" title="Chinese units of measurement">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_units_of_measurement" title="Hong Kong units of measurement">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apothecaries%27_system" title="Apothecaries' system">Apothecaries'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Avoirdupois system">Avoirdupois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_weight" title="Troy weight">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_system_of_units" title="Astronomical system of units">Astronomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_electrical_unit" title="Conventional electrical unit">Electrical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Engineering_Units" title="English Engineering Units">English Engineering Units</a> (US)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Natural_units" title="Natural units">Natural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_units" title="Atomic units">Atomic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometrized_unit_system" title="Geometrized unit system">Geometrised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaviside%E2%80%93Lorentz_units" title="Heaviside–Lorentz units">Heaviside–Lorentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planck_units" title="Planck units">Planck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_units#Quantum_chromodynamics_units" title="Natural units">Quantum chromodynamical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoney_units" title="Stoney units">Stoney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Metric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_metric_system" title="Outline of the metric system">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_metric_system" title="History of the metric system">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrication" title="Metrication">Metrication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">UK/US</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Imperial and US customary measurement systems">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot%E2%80%93pound%E2%80%93second_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Foot–pound–second system">Foot–pound–second</a> (FPS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Metric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MKS_system_of_units" class="mw-redirect" title="MKS system of units">metre–kilogram–second</a> (MKS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metre%E2%80%93tonne%E2%80%93second_system_of_units" title="Metre–tonne–second system of units">metre–tonne–second</a> (MTS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units" title="Centimetre–gram–second system of units">centimetre–gram–second</a> (CGS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_metric_system" title="Gravitational metric system">gravitational</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Cornish_units_of_measurement" title="Old Cornish units of measurement">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_units_of_measurement" title="Cypriot units of measurement">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_units_of_measurement" title="Czech units of measurement">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_units_of_measurement" title="Danish units of measurement">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_units_of_measurement" title="Dutch units of measurement">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_units" title="English units">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_measure" title="Winchester measure">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchequer_Standards" title="Exchequer Standards">Exchequer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_units_of_measurement" title="Estonian units of measurement">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_Finnish_units_of_measurement" title="Obsolete Finnish units of measurement">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_units_of_measurement" title="French units of measurement">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_French_units_of_measurement" title="Traditional French units of measurement">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesures_usuelles" title="Mesures usuelles">Mesures usuelles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_German_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Obsolete German units of measurement">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_units_of_measurement" title="Greek units of measurement">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_units_of_measurement" title="Byzantine units of measurement">Byzantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_units_of_measurement" title="Hungarian units of measurement">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_units_of_measurement" title="Icelandic units of measurement">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Irish_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Irish units of measurement">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_units_of_measurement" title="Italian units of measurement">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_units_of_measurement" title="Latvian units of measurement">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgian_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgian units of measurement">Luxembourgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_units_of_measurement" title="Maltese units of measurement">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_units_of_measurement" title="Norwegian units of measurement">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_units_of_measurement" title="Ottoman units of measurement">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_units_of_measurement" title="Polish units of measurement">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_units_of_measurement" title="Portuguese units of measurement">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_units_of_measurement" title="Romanian units of measurement">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_Russian_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Obsolete Russian units of measurement">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_units" title="Scottish units">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_Serbian_units_of_measurement" title="Obsolete Serbian units of measurement">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_units_of_measurement" title="Slovak units of measurement">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_units_of_measurement" title="Spanish units of measurement">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_units_of_measurement" title="Swedish units of measurement">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_units_of_measurement" title="Swiss units of measurement">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_units" title="Welsh units">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_units_of_measurement" title="Afghan units of measurement">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_units_of_measurement" title="Cambodian units of measurement">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_units_of_measurement" title="Indian units of measurement">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_units_of_measurement" title="Indonesian units of measurement">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_units_of_measurement" title="Japanese units of measurement">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_units_of_measurement" title="Korean units of measurement">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_units" title="Mongolian units">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_units_of_measurement" title="Myanmar units of measurement">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_customary_units_of_measurement" title="Nepalese customary units of measurement">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_units_of_measurement" title="Omani units of measurement">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_measurement_systems_in_Pakistan" title="History of measurement systems in Pakistan">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_units_of_measurement" title="Philippine units of measurement">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abucco" title="Abucco">Pegu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_units_of_measurement" title="Singaporean units of measurement">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_units_of_measurement" title="Sri Lankan units of measurement">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_units_of_measurement" title="Syrian units of measurement">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_units_of_measurement" title="Taiwanese units of measurement">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_Tatar_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Obsolete Tatar units of measurement">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_units_of_measurement" title="Thai units of measurement">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_units_of_measurement" title="Vietnamese units of measurement">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_units_of_measurement" title="Algerian units of measurement">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_units_of_measurement" title="Ethiopian units of measurement">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_units_of_measurement" title="Egyptian units of measurement">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_units_of_measurement" title="Eritrean units of measurement">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_units_of_measurement" title="Guinean units of measurement">Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_units_of_measurement" title="Libyan units of measurement">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_units_of_measurement" title="Malagasy units of measurement">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_units_of_measurement" title="Mauritian units of measurement">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_units_of_measurement" title="Moroccan units of measurement">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_units_of_measurement" title="Seychellois units of measurement">Seychellois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_units_of_measurement" title="Somali units of measurement">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_units_of_measurement" title="South African units of measurement">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_units_of_measurement" title="Tunisian units of measurement">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_units_of_measurement" title="Tanzanian units of measurement">Tanzanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_units_of_measurement" title="Costa Rican units of measurement">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_units_of_measurement" title="Cuban units of measurement">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_units_of_measurement" title="Haitian units of measurement">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_units_of_measurement" title="Honduran units of measurement">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_units_of_measurement" title="Mexican units of measurement">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_units_of_measurement" title="Nicaraguan units of measurement">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_units_of_measurement" title="Puerto Rican units of measurement">Puerto Rican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_units_of_measurement" title="Argentine units of measurement">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_units_of_measurement" title="Bolivian units of measurement">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_units_of_measurement" title="Brazilian units of measurement">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_units_of_measurement" title="Chilean units of measurement">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_units_of_measurement" title="Colombian units of measurement">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_units_of_measurement" title="Paraguayan units of measurement">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_units_of_measurement" title="Peruvian units of measurement">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_units_of_measurement" title="Uruguayan units of measurement">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_units_of_measurement" title="Venezuelan units of measurement">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Arabic_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Arabic units of measurement">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Talmudic_units_of_measurement" title="Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement">Biblical and Talmudic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Egyptian units of measurement">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Greek units of measurement">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_units_of_time" title="Hindu units of time">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_measurement_systems_in_India" title="History of measurement systems in India">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_units_of_measurement" title="Persian units of measurement">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Roman units of measurement">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humorous_units_of_measurement" title="List of humorous units of measurement">Humorous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_obsolete_units_of_measurement" title="List of obsolete units of measurement">Obsolete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unusual_units_of_measurement" title="List of unusual units of measurement">Unusual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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