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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Risk regulation</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">6,667 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Risk regulation</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Risk_regulation">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24884089" data-work_id="24884089" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24884089/Vive_la_diversit%C3%A9_High_Reliability_Organisation_HRO_AND_Resilience_Engineering_RE">Vive la diversité! High Reliability Organisation (HRO) AND Resilience Engineering (RE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">High Reliability Organisation (HRO) and Resilience Engineering (RE) are two research traditions which have attracted a wide and diverse readership in the past decade. Both have reached the status of central contributions to the field of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24884089" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">High Reliability Organisation (HRO) and Resilience Engineering (RE) are two research traditions which have attracted a wide and diverse readership in the past decade. Both have reached the status of central contributions to the field of safety while sharing a similar orientation. This is not without creating tensions or questions, as expressed in the call of this special issue. The contention of this article is that these two schools introduce ways of approaching safety which need to be reflected upon in order to avoid simplifications and hasty judgments about their relative strength, weaknesses or degree of overlapping. HRO has gained strength and legitimacy from (1) studying ethnographically, with an organisational angle, high-risk systems, (2) debating about principles producing organisation reliability in face of high complexity and (3) conceptualising some of these principles into a successful generic model of " collective mindfulness " , with both practical and theoretical success. RE has gained strength and legitimacy from (1) harnessing then deconstructing, empirically and theoretically, the notion of 'human error', (2) argued for a system (and complexity) view and discourse about safety/accidents, (3) and supported this view with the help of (graphical) actionable models and methods (i.e. the engineering orientation). In order to show this, one has to go beyond the past 10 years of RE to include a longer time frame going back to the 80s to the early days of Cognitive Engineering (CE). The approach that is followed here includes therefore a strong historical orientation as a way to better understand the present situation, profile each school, promote complementarities while maintaining nuances.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24884089" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="60ff392112caf3d775532c204aa0f696" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45204109,"asset_id":24884089,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45204109/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5366712" href="https://ineris.academia.edu/jeanchristophelecoze">jean-christophe le coze</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5366712" type="text/json">{"id":5366712,"first_name":"jean-christophe","last_name":"le coze","domain_name":"ineris","page_name":"jeanchristophelecoze","display_name":"jean-christophe le coze","profile_url":"https://ineris.academia.edu/jeanchristophelecoze?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5366712/2752682/25648411/s65_jean-christophe.le_coze.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24884089 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24884089"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24884089, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24884089", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24884089 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24884089; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24884089"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24884089 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24884089"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24884089; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24884089]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24884089").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24884089").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24884089"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3167" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_Studies">Disaster Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3167" type="text/json">{"id":3167,"name":"Disaster Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_Studies?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3332" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience">Resilience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3332" type="text/json">{"id":3332,"name":"Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3810" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mindfulness">Mindfulness</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3810" type="text/json">{"id":3810,"name":"Mindfulness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mindfulness?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3995" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_management">Disaster risk management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3995" type="text/json">{"id":3995,"name":"Disaster risk management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_management?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24884089]'), work: {"id":24884089,"title":"Vive la diversité! High Reliability Organisation (HRO) AND Resilience Engineering (RE","created_at":"2016-04-29T10:09:33.133-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24884089/Vive_la_diversit%C3%A9_High_Reliability_Organisation_HRO_AND_Resilience_Engineering_RE?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_24884089","summary":"High Reliability Organisation (HRO) and Resilience Engineering (RE) are two research traditions which have attracted a wide and diverse readership in the past decade. Both have reached the status of central contributions to the field of safety while sharing a similar orientation. This is not without creating tensions or questions, as expressed in the call of this special issue. The contention of this article is that these two schools introduce ways of approaching safety which need to be reflected upon in order to avoid simplifications and hasty judgments about their relative strength, weaknesses or degree of overlapping. HRO has gained strength and legitimacy from (1) studying ethnographically, with an organisational angle, high-risk systems, (2) debating about principles producing organisation reliability in face of high complexity and (3) conceptualising some of these principles into a successful generic model of \" collective mindfulness \" , with both practical and theoretical success. RE has gained strength and legitimacy from (1) harnessing then deconstructing, empirically and theoretically, the notion of 'human error', (2) argued for a system (and complexity) view and discourse about safety/accidents, (3) and supported this view with the help of (graphical) actionable models and methods (i.e. the engineering orientation). In order to show this, one has to go beyond the past 10 years of RE to include a longer time frame going back to the 80s to the early days of Cognitive Engineering (CE). The approach that is followed here includes therefore a strong historical orientation as a way to better understand the present situation, profile each school, promote complementarities while maintaining nuances.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45204109,"asset_id":24884089,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5366712,"first_name":"jean-christophe","last_name":"le coze","domain_name":"ineris","page_name":"jeanchristophelecoze","display_name":"jean-christophe le coze","profile_url":"https://ineris.academia.edu/jeanchristophelecoze?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5366712/2752682/25648411/s65_jean-christophe.le_coze.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3167,"name":"Disaster Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_Studies?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":3332,"name":"Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":3810,"name":"Mindfulness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mindfulness?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":3995,"name":"Disaster risk management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_management?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":4577,"name":"Crew Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crew_Resource_Management?f_ri=5056"},{"id":4699,"name":"Naturalistic Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naturalistic_Decision_Making?f_ri=5056"},{"id":4882,"name":"Airworthiness and Aircraft Accident Investigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Airworthiness_and_Aircraft_Accident_Investigation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":5008,"name":"Resilience Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience_Engineering?f_ri=5056"},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":7671,"name":"Sensemaking (Organizational Behavior)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensemaking_Organizational_Behavior_?f_ri=5056"},{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=5056"},{"id":61853,"name":"High Reliability Organisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Reliability_Organisation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":172287,"name":"Culture and catastrophe theory for sense-making in socially complex situations.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_and_catastrophe_theory_for_sense-making_in_socially_complex_situations?f_ri=5056"},{"id":192205,"name":"HUMAN ERROR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HUMAN_ERROR?f_ri=5056"},{"id":206335,"name":"Human Factors in Medical Errors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Factors_in_Medical_Errors?f_ri=5056"},{"id":399641,"name":"Accident analysis and prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accident_analysis_and_prevention?f_ri=5056"},{"id":650731,"name":"Accident analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accident_analysis?f_ri=5056"},{"id":905604,"name":"High Reliability Organizations (HRO´s)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Reliability_Organizations_HRO_s_?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63082892" data-work_id="63082892" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63082892/A_Sandbox_Approach_to_Regulating_High_Risk_Artificial_Intelligence_Applications">A Sandbox Approach to Regulating High-Risk Artificial Intelligence Applications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper argues for a sandbox approach to regulating artificial intelligence (AI) to complement a strict liability regime. The authors argue that sandbox regulation is an appropriate complement to a strict liability approach, given the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63082892" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper argues for a sandbox approach to regulating artificial intelligence (AI) to complement a strict liability regime. The authors argue that sandbox regulation is an appropriate complement to a strict liability approach, given the need to maintain a balance between a regulatory approach that aims to protect people and society on the one hand and to foster innovation due to the constant and rapid developments in the AI field on the other. The authors analyse the benefits of sandbox regulation when used as a supplement to a strict liability regime, which by itself creates a chilling effect on AI innovation, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. The authors propose a regulatory safe space in the AI sector through sandbox regulation, an idea already embraced by European Union regulators and where AI products and services can be tested within safeguards.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63082892" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="716c17ee9babffe6f93782ac4f7ed8d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75626794,"asset_id":63082892,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75626794/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47770238" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OriolCaudevilla">Oriol Caudevilla</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47770238" type="text/json">{"id":47770238,"first_name":"Oriol","last_name":"Caudevilla","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OriolCaudevilla","display_name":"Oriol Caudevilla","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OriolCaudevilla?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47770238/12601209/14018908/s65_oriol.caudevilla.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63082892 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63082892"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63082892, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63082892", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_63082892 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63082892; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_63082892"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_63082892 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="63082892"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63082892; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63082892]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63082892").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63082892").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63082892"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="465" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="465" type="text/json">{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2804318" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulatory_Sandbox">Regulatory Sandbox</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2804318" type="text/json">{"id":2804318,"name":"Regulatory Sandbox","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulatory_Sandbox?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63082892]'), work: {"id":63082892,"title":"A Sandbox Approach to Regulating High-Risk Artificial Intelligence Applications","created_at":"2021-12-03T02:20:19.039-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63082892/A_Sandbox_Approach_to_Regulating_High_Risk_Artificial_Intelligence_Applications?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_63082892","summary":"This paper argues for a sandbox approach to regulating artificial intelligence (AI) to complement a strict liability regime. The authors argue that sandbox regulation is an appropriate complement to a strict liability approach, given the need to maintain a balance between a regulatory approach that aims to protect people and society on the one hand and to foster innovation due to the constant and rapid developments in the AI field on the other. The authors analyse the benefits of sandbox regulation when used as a supplement to a strict liability regime, which by itself creates a chilling effect on AI innovation, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. The authors propose a regulatory safe space in the AI sector through sandbox regulation, an idea already embraced by European Union regulators and where AI products and services can be tested within safeguards.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75626794,"asset_id":63082892,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47770238,"first_name":"Oriol","last_name":"Caudevilla","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OriolCaudevilla","display_name":"Oriol Caudevilla","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OriolCaudevilla?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47770238/12601209/14018908/s65_oriol.caudevilla.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":2804318,"name":"Regulatory Sandbox","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulatory_Sandbox?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2023688" data-work_id="2023688" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2023688/Learning_from_adverse_events_in_the_nuclear_power_industry_organizational_learning_policy_making_and_normalization">Learning from adverse events in the nuclear power industry: organizational learning, policy making and normalization</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nuclear power accidents repeatedly reveal that the industry has an incomplete understanding of the complex risks involved in its operation. Through analyzing the investigation of a nuclear power incident in Sweden in 2006, I show how the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2023688" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nuclear power accidents repeatedly reveal that the industry has an incomplete understanding of the complex risks involved in its operation. Through analyzing the investigation of a nuclear power incident in Sweden in 2006, I show how the industry’s learning <br />practices shape recurrent normalization of risk regulation after such surprises. Learning is shaped through institutionalized measures of sufficiency and particular “risk objects” (e.g. <br />human factors and safety culture) created through learning from previous events. Subsequent regulatory measures are shaped through improvement scripts associated with these risk objects. These learning practices exclude alternative conceptual perspectives to understand and address safety-critical incidents. Latent risks will therefore produce similar events in the future. The article contributes to the literature on organizational learning, policy making, sensemaking and normalization in complex systems. To improve learning from incidents and regulation in high-hazard industries, social scientists and a wider circle of stakeholders should be included in the regulatory and post-incident <br />examination processes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2023688" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ab95992229448e225d4df742be32db91" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":29410731,"asset_id":2023688,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29410731/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="113874" href="https://ivl.academia.edu/JohanMSanne">Johan M. Sanne</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="113874" type="text/json">{"id":113874,"first_name":"Johan M.","last_name":"Sanne","domain_name":"ivl","page_name":"JohanMSanne","display_name":"Johan M. Sanne","profile_url":"https://ivl.academia.edu/JohanMSanne?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/113874/85551/5365852/s65_johan_m..sanne.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2023688 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2023688"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2023688, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2023688", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2023688 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2023688; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2023688"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2023688 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2023688"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2023688; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2023688]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2023688").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2023688").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2023688"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="798" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_Policy_Studies">Policy Analysis/Policy Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="798" type="text/json">{"id":798,"name":"Policy Analysis/Policy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_Policy_Studies?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Learning">Organizational Learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2347" type="text/json">{"id":2347,"name":"Organizational Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Learning?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2489" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_and_Decision_Making">Policy Analysis and Decision Making</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2489" type="text/json">{"id":2489,"name":"Policy Analysis and Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_and_Decision_Making?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2917" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normalization_Process_Theory">Normalization Process Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2917" type="text/json">{"id":2917,"name":"Normalization Process Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normalization_Process_Theory?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2023688]'), work: {"id":2023688,"title":"Learning from adverse events in the nuclear power industry: organizational learning, policy making and normalization","created_at":"2012-10-12T19:10:08.272-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2023688/Learning_from_adverse_events_in_the_nuclear_power_industry_organizational_learning_policy_making_and_normalization?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_2023688","summary":"Nuclear power accidents repeatedly reveal that the industry has an incomplete understanding of the complex risks involved in its operation. Through analyzing the investigation of a nuclear power incident in Sweden in 2006, I show how the industry’s learning\r\npractices shape recurrent normalization of risk regulation after such surprises. Learning is shaped through institutionalized measures of sufficiency and particular “risk objects” (e.g.\r\nhuman factors and safety culture) created through learning from previous events. Subsequent regulatory measures are shaped through improvement scripts associated with these risk objects. These learning practices exclude alternative conceptual perspectives to understand and address safety-critical incidents. Latent risks will therefore produce similar events in the future. The article contributes to the literature on organizational learning, policy making, sensemaking and normalization in complex systems. To improve learning from incidents and regulation in high-hazard industries, social scientists and a wider circle of stakeholders should be included in the regulatory and post-incident\r\nexamination processes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":29410731,"asset_id":2023688,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":113874,"first_name":"Johan M.","last_name":"Sanne","domain_name":"ivl","page_name":"JohanMSanne","display_name":"Johan M. Sanne","profile_url":"https://ivl.academia.edu/JohanMSanne?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/113874/85551/5365852/s65_johan_m..sanne.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":798,"name":"Policy Analysis/Policy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_Policy_Studies?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":2347,"name":"Organizational Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Learning?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":2489,"name":"Policy Analysis and Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_and_Decision_Making?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":2917,"name":"Normalization Process Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normalization_Process_Theory?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":5401,"name":"Computer-Mediated Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer-Mediated_Communication?f_ri=5056"},{"id":13460,"name":"Risk communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_communication?f_ri=5056"},{"id":17274,"name":"Disaster Risk Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_Risk_Communication?f_ri=5056"},{"id":17278,"name":"Policy learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_learning?f_ri=5056"},{"id":35397,"name":"Safety and reliability and risk management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_and_reliability_and_risk_management?f_ri=5056"},{"id":84820,"name":"Nuclear power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_power?f_ri=5056"},{"id":183334,"name":"Nuclear Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Safety?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1013016,"name":"Coordination and Communication In High Risk Environments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coordination_and_Communication_In_High_Risk_Environments?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1013019,"name":"Leading Virtual Teams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leading_Virtual_Teams?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1013021,"name":"Task Media Fit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Task_Media_Fit?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1328407" data-work_id="1328407" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1328407/The_Risk_Versus_Hazard_Debate_Reconciling_Inconsistencies_in_Health_and_Safety_Regulation_within_the_UK_and_across_the_EU">The Risk Versus Hazard Debate: Reconciling Inconsistencies in Health and Safety Regulation within the UK and across the EU</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dr Sweta Chakraborty reviews the current debate over health & safety regulation, representing the views of academics, regulators, government, and lawyers, including the British Safety Council and the Health and Safety Executive. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1328407" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dr Sweta Chakraborty reviews the current debate over health & safety regulation, representing the views of academics, regulators, government, and lawyers, including the British Safety Council and the Health and Safety Executive.<br /><br />The policy brief recommends a more lenient approach to regulation based on risk management rather than hazard classifications.<br /><br />It reinforces recommendations made in the Löfstedt Report, which have been adopted in the Government Response and reflected in David Cameron's pledge to "tackle the health and safety monster".</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm 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class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="440633" href="https://fljs.academia.edu/PhilDines">Phil Dines</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="440633" type="text/json">{"id":440633,"first_name":"Phil","last_name":"Dines","domain_name":"fljs","page_name":"PhilDines","display_name":"Phil Dines","profile_url":"https://fljs.academia.edu/PhilDines?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1328407 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1328407"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1328407, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1328407", }); });</script></li><li 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description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1328407]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1328407").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1328407").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1328407"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management_and_Insurance">Risk Management and Insurance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42" type="text/json">{"id":42,"name":"Risk Management and Insurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management_and_Insurance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3287" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance">Regulation And Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3287" type="text/json">{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4593" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Health_and_Safety">Occupational Health & Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4593" type="text/json">{"id":4593,"name":"Occupational Health \u0026 Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Health_and_Safety?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1328407]'), work: {"id":1328407,"title":"The Risk Versus Hazard Debate: Reconciling Inconsistencies in Health and Safety Regulation within the UK and across the EU","created_at":"2012-02-01T23:15:59.057-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1328407/The_Risk_Versus_Hazard_Debate_Reconciling_Inconsistencies_in_Health_and_Safety_Regulation_within_the_UK_and_across_the_EU?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_1328407","summary":"Dr Sweta Chakraborty reviews the current debate over health \u0026 safety regulation, representing the views of academics, regulators, government, and lawyers, including the British Safety Council and the Health and Safety Executive.\n\nThe policy brief recommends a more lenient approach to regulation based on risk management rather than hazard classifications.\n\nIt reinforces recommendations made in the Löfstedt Report, which have been adopted in the Government Response and reflected in David Cameron's pledge to \"tackle the health and safety monster\".","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30861657,"asset_id":1328407,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":440633,"first_name":"Phil","last_name":"Dines","domain_name":"fljs","page_name":"PhilDines","display_name":"Phil Dines","profile_url":"https://fljs.academia.edu/PhilDines?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":42,"name":"Risk Management and Insurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management_and_Insurance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":4593,"name":"Occupational Health \u0026 Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Health_and_Safety?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":6748,"name":"Sociology of Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Risk?f_ri=5056"},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=5056"},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=5056"},{"id":13460,"name":"Risk communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_communication?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6175872" data-work_id="6175872" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6175872/Results_of_the_Repeal_of_the_Glass_Steagall_Act">Results of the Repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Results of the Repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6175872" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div 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communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_communication?f_ri=5056"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=5056"},{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_275139" data-work_id="275139" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/275139/Euratom_Powers_In_the_Field_of_Nuclear_Liability_Revisited">Euratom Powers In the Field of Nuclear Liability Revisited</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In order to analyse the situation regarding nuclear liability in the European Union, we define this as a ‘patchwork’. This paper aims to identify the provisions of the Euratom Treaty that enable the Community to become involved in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_275139" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In order to analyse the situation regarding nuclear liability in the <br />European Union, we define this as a ‘patchwork’. This paper aims to identify <br />the provisions of the Euratom Treaty that enable the Community to become <br />involved in matters of nuclear liability. It also points out those discussions <br />concerning the Euratom powers in areas of nuclear liability were already a <br />reality in the early 1960s, in the years following signing of the Euratom Treaty. <br />Two (non-binding) Euratom recommendations are discussed, dealing with <br />matters of nuclear liability and their relation to the international nuclear liability <br />conventions, as well as Commission positions regarding the issuance of a <br />European nuclear liability law, which have existed in the European Parliament <br />since the 1960s. A most recently published legal study, commissioned by the <br />European Commission to analyse options regarding further development in this <br />area is reflected in the paper and possible future steps are identified.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/275139" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aeb40b35ede865af980a0870c4d77f23" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":1217492,"asset_id":275139,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1217492/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="222943" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/JakubHandrlica">Jakub Handrlica</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="222943" type="text/json">{"id":222943,"first_name":"Jakub","last_name":"Handrlica","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"JakubHandrlica","display_name":"Jakub Handrlica","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/JakubHandrlica?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/222943/50217/46225/s65_jakub.handrlica.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_275139 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="275139"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 275139, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_275139", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=275139]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_275139").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_275139").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="275139"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1306" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law">European Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1306" type="text/json">{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3686" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Law">Energy Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3686" type="text/json">{"id":3686,"name":"Energy Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36771" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Law">Nuclear Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="36771" type="text/json">{"id":36771,"name":"Nuclear Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=275139]'), work: {"id":275139,"title":"Euratom Powers In the Field of Nuclear Liability Revisited","created_at":"2010-07-27T04:49:19.879-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/275139/Euratom_Powers_In_the_Field_of_Nuclear_Liability_Revisited?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_275139","summary":"In order to analyse the situation regarding nuclear liability in the\r\nEuropean Union, we define this as a ‘patchwork’. This paper aims to identify\r\nthe provisions of the Euratom Treaty that enable the Community to become\r\ninvolved in matters of nuclear liability. It also points out those discussions\r\nconcerning the Euratom powers in areas of nuclear liability were already a\r\nreality in the early 1960s, in the years following signing of the Euratom Treaty.\r\nTwo (non-binding) Euratom recommendations are discussed, dealing with\r\nmatters of nuclear liability and their relation to the international nuclear liability\r\nconventions, as well as Commission positions regarding the issuance of a\r\nEuropean nuclear liability law, which have existed in the European Parliament\r\nsince the 1960s. A most recently published legal study, commissioned by the\r\nEuropean Commission to analyse options regarding further development in this\r\narea is reflected in the paper and possible future steps are identified.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":1217492,"asset_id":275139,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":222943,"first_name":"Jakub","last_name":"Handrlica","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"JakubHandrlica","display_name":"Jakub Handrlica","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/JakubHandrlica?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/222943/50217/46225/s65_jakub.handrlica.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":3686,"name":"Energy Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":36771,"name":"Nuclear Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4372409 coauthored" data-work_id="4372409" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4372409/Offshore_risk_regulation_A_comparative_analysis_of_regulatory_framework_in_Ghana_the_United_Kingdom_and_Norway">Offshore risk regulation: A comparative analysis of regulatory framework in Ghana, the United Kingdom and Norway</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper assesses Ghana's offshore health and safety regulatory regime in the context of international best practice in the upstream oil and gas industry. It contributes to the discussion of the emerging issue of offshore risk... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4372409" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper assesses Ghana's offshore health and safety regulatory regime in the context of international best practice in the upstream oil and gas industry. It contributes to the discussion of the emerging issue of offshore risk regulation in new petroleum producing countries. We present a comparative analysis contrasting two leading safety regimes namely the United Kingdom and Norway to Ghana's emerging regime to benchmark common features as well as weaknesses. Our findings indicate that Ghana requires a robust regulatory regime that ensures that health and safety risks are properly delineated if the country is to avoid catastrophic accidents. This is especially important as these risks are more pronounced with deepwater operations such as those prevalent in the country's petroleum basins. We propose the enactment of a general Health & Safety at Work law in Ghana backed by subsidiary regulations to harmonise the disjointed and sometimes incoherent health and safety provisions. Additionally, we propose that the health and safety regulatory function of the Ghana Petroleum Commission should be decoupled to form an independent Competent Authority as activity levels and the degree of complexity of operations increase to prevent conflict of interest between its regulatory and licensing functions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4372409" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="708b5468735d1862ae26c0aa610e8191" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55533828,"asset_id":4372409,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55533828/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32937424" href="https://aberdeen.academia.edu/rainerakumperigya">rainer akumperigya</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32937424" type="text/json">{"id":32937424,"first_name":"rainer","last_name":"akumperigya","domain_name":"aberdeen","page_name":"rainerakumperigya","display_name":"rainer akumperigya","profile_url":"https://aberdeen.academia.edu/rainerakumperigya?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-4372409">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-4372409"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://aberdeen.academia.edu/TheoAcheampong">Theophilus Acheampong</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-4372409'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-4372409').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4372409 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4372409"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4372409, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4372409", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4372409 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4372409; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4372409"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4372409 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4372409"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4372409; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4372409]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4372409").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4372409").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4372409"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13496" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_and_Gas_Law">Oil and Gas Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13496" type="text/json">{"id":13496,"name":"Oil and Gas Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_and_Gas_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30932" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_Culture">Safety Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30932" type="text/json">{"id":30932,"name":"Safety Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_Culture?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67366" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_health_and_safety-2">Occupational health and safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="67366" type="text/json">{"id":67366,"name":"Occupational health and safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_health_and_safety-2?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4372409]'), work: {"id":4372409,"title":"Offshore risk regulation: A comparative analysis of regulatory framework in\r\nGhana, the United Kingdom and Norway","created_at":"2013-08-30T23:33:57.123-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4372409/Offshore_risk_regulation_A_comparative_analysis_of_regulatory_framework_in_Ghana_the_United_Kingdom_and_Norway?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_4372409","summary":"This paper assesses Ghana's offshore health and safety regulatory regime in the context of international best practice in the upstream oil and gas industry. It contributes to the discussion of the emerging issue of offshore risk regulation in new petroleum producing countries. We present a comparative analysis contrasting two leading safety regimes namely the United Kingdom and Norway to Ghana's emerging regime to benchmark common features as well as weaknesses. Our findings indicate that Ghana requires a robust regulatory regime that ensures that health and safety risks are properly delineated if the country is to avoid catastrophic accidents. This is especially important as these risks are more pronounced with deepwater operations such as those prevalent in the country's petroleum basins. We propose the enactment of a general Health \u0026 Safety at Work law in Ghana backed by subsidiary regulations to harmonise the disjointed and sometimes incoherent health and safety provisions. Additionally, we propose that the health and safety regulatory function of the Ghana Petroleum Commission should be decoupled to form an independent Competent Authority as activity levels and the degree of complexity of operations increase to prevent conflict of interest between its regulatory and licensing functions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55533828,"asset_id":4372409,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32937424,"first_name":"rainer","last_name":"akumperigya","domain_name":"aberdeen","page_name":"rainerakumperigya","display_name":"rainer akumperigya","profile_url":"https://aberdeen.academia.edu/rainerakumperigya?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":3694304,"first_name":"Theophilus","last_name":"Acheampong","domain_name":"aberdeen","page_name":"TheoAcheampong","display_name":"Theophilus Acheampong","profile_url":"https://aberdeen.academia.edu/TheoAcheampong?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3694304/1314676/35211320/s65_theo.acheampong.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":13496,"name":"Oil and Gas Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_and_Gas_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":30932,"name":"Safety Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_Culture?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":67366,"name":"Occupational health and safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_health_and_safety-2?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":697052,"name":"Oil and gas infrastructure development and Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_and_gas_infrastructure_development_and_Regulation?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_867523" data-work_id="867523" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/867523/Social_work_in_a_risk_society_Social_and_political_perspectives">Social work in a risk society: Social and political perspectives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/867523" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b13a978741832bda83896be9fa2a4fe8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":5246670,"asset_id":867523,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5246670/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="696243" href="https://gcal.academia.edu/StephenWebb">Stephen A Webb</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="696243" type="text/json">{"id":696243,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Webb","domain_name":"gcal","page_name":"StephenWebb","display_name":"Stephen A Webb","profile_url":"https://gcal.academia.edu/StephenWebb?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/696243/236706/2491462/s65_stephen.webb.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_867523 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="867523"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 867523, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_867523", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_867523 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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});</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_867523").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="867523"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="940" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work">Social Work</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="940" type="text/json">{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3996" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Governance">Risk Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3996" type="text/json">{"id":3996,"name":"Risk 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2058543/Risk_technology_and_disaster_management_pages_16_17_">Risk, technology and disaster management (pages 16-17)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2058543" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7442f33a2eab34538f9f4bae02e1b79e" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":769,"name":"Forensic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Anthropology?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="923" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology">Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="923" type="text/json">{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1588" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Science">Forensic Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1588" type="text/json">{"id":1588,"name":"Forensic Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Science?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2058543]'), work: {"id":2058543,"title":"Risk, technology and disaster 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34396239/Die_juristische_Bew%C3%A4ltigung_von_Pandemien_Eine_risikorechtliche_Analyse">Die juristische Bewältigung von Pandemien - Eine risikorechtliche Analyse</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Epidemiologen auf der ganzen Welt warnen: Die nächste Pandemie wird kommen. Handelt es sich um eine Krankheit mit mildem Krankheitsverlauf, wie die Schweinegrippe (A/H1N1), die sich 2009 weltweit ausbreitete, so sind die Folgen noch... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34396239" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Epidemiologen auf der ganzen Welt warnen: Die nächste Pandemie wird kommen. Handelt es sich um eine Krankheit mit mildem Krankheitsverlauf, wie die Schweinegrippe (A/H1N1), die sich 2009 weltweit ausbreitete, so sind die Folgen noch erträglich. Sollte aber etwa das Vogelgrippevirus (A/H5N1), das bisher 60 % aller inizierten Personen getötet hat, durch Mutationen die Fähigkeit entwickeln, sich schnell zu verbreiten, stünde die Welt vor einer<br />Katastrophe ungeahnten Ausmaßes. Um Pandemien ranken sich auf allen Regelungsebenen eine Vielzahl von Regelungen aus dem risikospeziischen Gesundheitsrecht wie auch aus dem allgemeinen Katastrophenschutzrecht. Um dieses Regelungsdickicht in ein kohärentes Normensystem zu überführen, gibt es de lege ferenda noch einigen Handlungsbedarf. Die Orientierung an der allgemeinen risikorechtlichen Dogmatik und die Bestimmung von<br />Bewertungsparametern, an denen das geltende Recht gemessen wird, erlauben dabei einen systematisierenden Zugriff.<br /><br />Hinweis: Der Text beruft auf der Arbeit Klafki, Risiko und Recht, Mohr Siebeck 2017.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34396239" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="22b3f15fe504f9441e8927917fb99d4e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54278922,"asset_id":34396239,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54278922/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35917523" href="https://uni-jena.academia.edu/AnikaKlafki">Jun.-Prof. Dr. Anika Klafki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35917523" type="text/json">{"id":35917523,"first_name":"Jun.-Prof. Dr. Anika","last_name":"Klafki","domain_name":"uni-jena","page_name":"AnikaKlafki","display_name":"Jun.-Prof. Dr. Anika Klafki","profile_url":"https://uni-jena.academia.edu/AnikaKlafki?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35917523/10383290/16532896/s65_anika.klafki.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34396239 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34396239"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34396239, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34396239", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34396239]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34396239").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34396239").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34396239"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82557" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_reduction">Disaster risk reduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="82557" type="text/json">{"id":82557,"name":"Disaster risk reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_reduction?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84001" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemic_Influenza">Pandemic Influenza</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="84001" type="text/json">{"id":84001,"name":"Pandemic Influenza","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemic_Influenza?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="272210" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemic_preparedness">Pandemic preparedness</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="272210" type="text/json">{"id":272210,"name":"Pandemic preparedness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemic_preparedness?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34396239]'), work: {"id":34396239,"title":"Die juristische Bewältigung von Pandemien - Eine risikorechtliche Analyse","created_at":"2017-08-29T04:36:46.174-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34396239/Die_juristische_Bew%C3%A4ltigung_von_Pandemien_Eine_risikorechtliche_Analyse?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_34396239","summary":"Epidemiologen auf der ganzen Welt warnen: Die nächste Pandemie wird kommen. Handelt es sich um eine Krankheit mit mildem Krankheitsverlauf, wie die Schweinegrippe (A/H1N1), die sich 2009 weltweit ausbreitete, so sind die Folgen noch erträglich. Sollte aber etwa das Vogelgrippevirus (A/H5N1), das bisher 60 % aller inizierten Personen getötet hat, durch Mutationen die Fähigkeit entwickeln, sich schnell zu verbreiten, stünde die Welt vor einer\nKatastrophe ungeahnten Ausmaßes. Um Pandemien ranken sich auf allen Regelungsebenen eine Vielzahl von Regelungen aus dem risikospeziischen Gesundheitsrecht wie auch aus dem allgemeinen Katastrophenschutzrecht. Um dieses Regelungsdickicht in ein kohärentes Normensystem zu überführen, gibt es de lege ferenda noch einigen Handlungsbedarf. Die Orientierung an der allgemeinen risikorechtlichen Dogmatik und die Bestimmung von\nBewertungsparametern, an denen das geltende Recht gemessen wird, erlauben dabei einen systematisierenden Zugriff.\n\nHinweis: Der Text beruft auf der Arbeit Klafki, Risiko und Recht, Mohr Siebeck 2017.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54278922,"asset_id":34396239,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35917523,"first_name":"Jun.-Prof. Dr. Anika","last_name":"Klafki","domain_name":"uni-jena","page_name":"AnikaKlafki","display_name":"Jun.-Prof. Dr. Anika Klafki","profile_url":"https://uni-jena.academia.edu/AnikaKlafki?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35917523/10383290/16532896/s65_anika.klafki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":82557,"name":"Disaster risk reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_reduction?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":84001,"name":"Pandemic Influenza","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemic_Influenza?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":272210,"name":"Pandemic preparedness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemic_preparedness?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":591344,"name":"Risk and crisis management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_crisis_management?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1028827,"name":"Pandemic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemic?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36606789 coauthored" data-work_id="36606789" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36606789/Les_jeux_de_hasard_au_regard_du_droit_europ%C3%A9en_les_%C3%89tats_membres_ont_carte_blanche_%C3%A0_condition_de_respecter_les_r%C3%A8gles_du_jeu">Les jeux de hasard au regard du droit européen : les États membres ont carte blanche… à condition de respecter les règles du jeu</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">En tant qu’activité économique, les jeux de hasard n’échappent pas à l’application du droit européen. Pour autant, il est incontestable que le législateur européen et la Cour de justice ont, depuis longtemps et constamment,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36606789" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">En tant qu’activité économique, les jeux de hasard n’échappent pas à l’application du droit européen. Pour autant, il est incontestable que le législateur européen et la Cour de justice ont, depuis longtemps et constamment, consacré un statut particulier à cette matière. Par conséquent, et nonobstant la vocation du Traité sur le fonctionnement de l’Union européenne de permettre à tout opérateur européen d’offrir ses services dans tous les États membres, force est de constater que, jusqu’à présent, l’ouverture du marché européen des jeux de hasard a été soigneusement évitée par la Cour; cette dernière refusant d’appliquer le principe de reconnaissance mutuelle au profit des opérateurs de jeux de hasard et permettant aux États membres d’adopter des législations différentes. Cependant, la Cour attend des États membres, lorsque ceux-ci adoptent des mesures restrictives à la libre prestation des services en matière de jeux de hasard, qu’ils soient en mesure de les justifier par des objectifs, poursuivis de manière cohérente et répondant à un besoin réel. En outre, la Cour n’a pas dispensé les États membres du respect de la Charte des droits fondamentaux et des principes généraux du droit lorsqu’ils réglementent le secteur des jeux. Il en découle que les réglementations nationales doivent faire preuve de clarté et de transparence, en particulier lorsqu’elles prévoient des procédures restreignant l’accès au marché ou instituent des sanctions. Enfin, l’analyse des jeux de hasard au regard du droit européen ne pourrait être complète sans un commentaire sur le droit dérivé. En effet, bien que le législateur européen n’ait pas adopté d’instrument d’harmonisation adressant directement ce secteur, il n’a pas, pour autant, exclu l’application de toutes règles de droit dérivé aux jeux de hasard. Ceci n’est pas sans incidence tant pour les opérateurs de jeux de hasard que pour les États membres.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36606789" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e3f066fc58c1555875ad37444011359" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56535278,"asset_id":36606789,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56535278/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2604533" href="https://uclouvain.academia.edu/AnneLiseSibony">Anne-Lise Sibony</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2604533" type="text/json">{"id":2604533,"first_name":"Anne-Lise","last_name":"Sibony","domain_name":"uclouvain","page_name":"AnneLiseSibony","display_name":"Anne-Lise Sibony","profile_url":"https://uclouvain.academia.edu/AnneLiseSibony?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2604533/9898091/11034999/s65_anne-lise.sibony.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-36606789">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-36606789"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/nikitasmichail">nikitas michail</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-36606789'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-36606789').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36606789 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36606789"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36606789; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36606789]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36606789").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36606789").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36606789"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1306" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law">European Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1306" type="text/json">{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55284" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gaming">Gaming</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55284" type="text/json">{"id":55284,"name":"Gaming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gaming?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="92164" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gambling">Gambling</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="92164" type="text/json">{"id":92164,"name":"Gambling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gambling?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36606789]'), work: {"id":36606789,"title":"Les jeux de hasard au regard du droit européen : les États membres ont carte blanche… à condition de respecter les règles du jeu","created_at":"2018-05-10T15:16:17.889-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36606789/Les_jeux_de_hasard_au_regard_du_droit_europ%C3%A9en_les_%C3%89tats_membres_ont_carte_blanche_%C3%A0_condition_de_respecter_les_r%C3%A8gles_du_jeu?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_36606789","summary":"En tant qu’activité économique, les jeux de hasard n’échappent pas à l’application du droit européen. Pour autant, il est incontestable que le législateur européen et la Cour de justice ont, depuis longtemps et constamment, consacré un statut particulier à cette matière. Par conséquent, et nonobstant la vocation du Traité sur le fonctionnement de l’Union européenne de permettre à tout opérateur européen d’offrir ses services dans tous les États membres, force est de constater que, jusqu’à présent, l’ouverture du marché européen des jeux de hasard a été soigneusement évitée par la Cour; cette dernière refusant d’appliquer le principe de reconnaissance mutuelle au profit des opérateurs de jeux de hasard et permettant aux États membres d’adopter des législations différentes. Cependant, la Cour attend des États membres, lorsque ceux-ci adoptent des mesures restrictives à la libre prestation des services en matière de jeux de hasard, qu’ils soient en mesure de les justifier par des objectifs, poursuivis de manière cohérente et répondant à un besoin réel. En outre, la Cour n’a pas dispensé les États membres du respect de la Charte des droits fondamentaux et des principes généraux du droit lorsqu’ils réglementent le secteur des jeux. Il en découle que les réglementations nationales doivent faire preuve de clarté et de transparence, en particulier lorsqu’elles prévoient des procédures restreignant l’accès au marché ou instituent des sanctions. Enfin, l’analyse des jeux de hasard au regard du droit européen ne pourrait être complète sans un commentaire sur le droit dérivé. En effet, bien que le législateur européen n’ait pas adopté d’instrument d’harmonisation adressant directement ce secteur, il n’a pas, pour autant, exclu l’application de toutes règles de droit dérivé aux jeux de hasard. Ceci n’est pas sans incidence tant pour les opérateurs de jeux de hasard que pour les États membres.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56535278,"asset_id":36606789,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2604533,"first_name":"Anne-Lise","last_name":"Sibony","domain_name":"uclouvain","page_name":"AnneLiseSibony","display_name":"Anne-Lise Sibony","profile_url":"https://uclouvain.academia.edu/AnneLiseSibony?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2604533/9898091/11034999/s65_anne-lise.sibony.jpg"},{"id":10375472,"first_name":"nikitas","last_name":"michail","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"nikitasmichail","display_name":"nikitas michail","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/nikitasmichail?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":55284,"name":"Gaming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gaming?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":92164,"name":"Gambling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gambling?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":153431,"name":"EU internal market","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EU_internal_market?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63302965" data-work_id="63302965" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63302965/An_Evaluation_Schema_for_the_Ethical_Use_of_Autonomous_Robotic_Systems_in_Security_Applications">An Evaluation Schema for the Ethical Use of Autonomous Robotic Systems in Security Applications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63302965" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1fb69079965868ab2f2cfb19762ec341" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75777612,"asset_id":63302965,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75777612/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="96533785" href="https://sonoma.academia.edu/JSullins">John P Sullins</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="96533785" type="text/json">{"id":96533785,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Sullins","domain_name":"sonoma","page_name":"JSullins","display_name":"John P Sullins","profile_url":"https://sonoma.academia.edu/JSullins?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96533785/21754881/21065008/s65_john.sullins.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63302965 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63302965"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63302965, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63302965", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_63302965 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63302965; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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data-has-card-for-ri="814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="855" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Technology">Philosophy of Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="855" type="text/json">{"id":855,"name":"Philosophy of Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Technology?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63302965]'), work: {"id":63302965,"title":"An Evaluation Schema for the Ethical Use of Autonomous Robotic Systems in Security 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Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Humanitarian_Law?f_ri=5056"},{"id":139539,"name":"Geneva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geneva?f_ri=5056"},{"id":917904,"name":"Lethal Autonomous Weapons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lethal_Autonomous_Weapons?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1192062,"name":"Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Convention_on_Certain_Conventional_Weapons?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1370105,"name":"Lethal Autonomous Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lethal_Autonomous_Systems?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1892445,"name":"Autonomous Weapons Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autonomous_Weapons_Systems?f_ri=5056"},{"id":2436852,"name":"Lethal Autonomous Robots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lethal_Autonomous_Robots?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63302964" data-work_id="63302964" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63302964/An_Evaluation_Schema_for_the_Ethical_Use_of_Autonomous_Robotic_Systems_in_Security_Applications">An Evaluation Schema for the Ethical Use of Autonomous Robotic Systems in Security Applications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We propose a multi-step evaluation schema designed to help procurement agencies and others to examine the ethical dimensions of autonomous systems to be applied in the security sector, including autonomous weapons systems. Keywords:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63302964" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We propose a multi-step evaluation schema designed to help procurement agencies and others to examine the ethical dimensions of autonomous systems to be applied in the security sector, including autonomous weapons systems. Keywords: Ethics, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Weapons Systems, Technology, Geneva, Certain Conventional Weapons Convention, Humanitarian Law, Philosophy, Risk Regulation</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63302964" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b2d85689195c8f3fc6ae40a4b0ce6df9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75777613,"asset_id":63302964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75777613/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="96533785" href="https://sonoma.academia.edu/JSullins">John P Sullins</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="96533785" type="text/json">{"id":96533785,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Sullins","domain_name":"sonoma","page_name":"JSullins","display_name":"John P Sullins","profile_url":"https://sonoma.academia.edu/JSullins?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96533785/21754881/21065008/s65_john.sullins.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63302964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63302964"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63302964, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63302964", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63302964]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63302964").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63302964").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63302964"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="465" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="465" type="text/json">{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="855" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Technology">Philosophy of Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="855" type="text/json">{"id":855,"name":"Philosophy of Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Technology?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63302964]'), work: {"id":63302964,"title":"An Evaluation Schema for the Ethical Use of Autonomous Robotic Systems in Security Applications","created_at":"2021-12-05T23:21:03.488-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63302964/An_Evaluation_Schema_for_the_Ethical_Use_of_Autonomous_Robotic_Systems_in_Security_Applications?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_63302964","summary":"We propose a multi-step evaluation schema designed to help procurement agencies and others to examine the ethical dimensions of autonomous systems to be applied in the security sector, including autonomous weapons systems. 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type="text/json">{"id":40679677,"first_name":"Pedro Díaz","last_name":"Peralta","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PedroDíazPeralta","display_name":"Pedro Díaz Peralta","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PedroD%C3%ADazPeralta?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34742859 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34742859"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34742859, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34742859", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34742859 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34742859; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34742859"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34742859 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34742859"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34742859; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34742859]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34742859").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34742859").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34742859"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34742859]'), work: {"id":34742859,"title":"RESIDUOS, LEX ARTIS Y RESPONSABILIDAD LEGAL","created_at":"2017-10-02T07:55:53.900-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34742859/RESIDUOS_LEX_ARTIS_Y_RESPONSABILIDAD_LEGAL?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_34742859","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54600842,"asset_id":34742859,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40679677,"first_name":"Pedro Díaz","last_name":"Peralta","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PedroDíazPeralta","display_name":"Pedro Díaz Peralta","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PedroD%C3%ADazPeralta?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_413592" data-work_id="413592" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/413592/A_Risk_Perception_Primer_A_Narrative_Research_Review_of_the_Risk_Perception_Literature_In_Behavioral_Accounting_and_Behavioral_Finance">A Risk Perception Primer: A Narrative Research Review of the Risk Perception Literature In Behavioral Accounting and Behavioral Finance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A significant topic within the behavioral finance literature is the notion of perceived risk pertaining to novice investors (i.e. individuals, finance students) and investment professionals (i.e. financial planners, security analysts).... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_413592" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A significant topic within the behavioral finance literature is the notion of perceived risk pertaining to novice investors (i.e. individuals, finance students) and investment professionals (i.e. financial planners, security analysts). The author provides an overview of the concepts of risk, perception, and risk perception with the financial scholar in mind. There is also a presentation on the behavioral finance concepts and themes that might influence an individual's perception of risk for different types of financial services and investment products. The next section presents a discussion of the significant risk perception research in the social sciences namely from psychology. This research work from psychology (i.e., risk perception studies in risky situations and hazardous activities) is the behavioral foundation for a substantial amount of the current contributions within the behavioral accounting and behavioral finance literature. In particular, the work of the Decision Research scholars including Paul Slovic and his co-authors on risk perception studies that have crossed over from psychology to the disciplines of behavioral accounting and behavioral finance (i.e. behavioral risk characteristics from psychology that are applied within a financial/investment decision making context). <br /><br />Within the last section of this paper, the author reveals the first of its kind thorough review of the academic research studies on perceived risk/risk perception from the disciplines of behavioral accounting since 1975 and behavioral finance since the late 1960s. This literature review incorporates 12 works from behavioral accounting and 71 endeavors from behavioral finance. In addition, the behavioral finance literature review section also includes approximately 10 narrative research reviews from risk perception studies in behavioral economics. A major facet of this paper was to bring together all the previous studies in the risk perception literature for the purpose of conducting a study based on the academic foundation of the main themes, research approaches, and findings from this collection of studies. <br /><br />Keywords: risk perception, perceived risk, risk analysis, behavioral risk characteristics, objective risk, subjective risk, behavioral accounting, behavioral economics, standard finance, behavioural finance, psychology, financial psychology, social sciences, risk, standard deviation, beta, Fama, French<br /><br />Ricciardi, Victor, A Risk Perception Primer: A Narrative Research Review of the Risk Perception Literature in Behavioral Accounting and Behavioral Finance (July 20, 2004).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/413592" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2154b380e2c8bfa0cb590c532d2159e9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63254811,"asset_id":413592,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63254811/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="310851" href="https://ursinus.academia.edu/VictorRicciardi">Victor Ricciardi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="310851" type="text/json">{"id":310851,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Ricciardi","domain_name":"ursinus","page_name":"VictorRicciardi","display_name":"Victor Ricciardi","profile_url":"https://ursinus.academia.edu/VictorRicciardi?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/310851/62544/3457927/s65_victor.ricciardi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_413592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="413592"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 413592, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_413592", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_413592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 413592; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_413592"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_413592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="413592"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 413592; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=413592]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_413592").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_413592").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="413592"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">29</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management_and_Insurance">Risk Management and Insurance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42" type="text/json">{"id":42,"name":"Risk Management and Insurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management_and_Insurance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=413592]'), work: {"id":413592,"title":"A Risk Perception Primer: A Narrative Research Review of the Risk Perception Literature In Behavioral Accounting and Behavioral Finance","created_at":"2011-01-16T09:55:08.916-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/413592/A_Risk_Perception_Primer_A_Narrative_Research_Review_of_the_Risk_Perception_Literature_In_Behavioral_Accounting_and_Behavioral_Finance?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_413592","summary":"A significant topic within the behavioral finance literature is the notion of perceived risk pertaining to novice investors (i.e. individuals, finance students) and investment professionals (i.e. financial planners, security analysts). The author provides an overview of the concepts of risk, perception, and risk perception with the financial scholar in mind. There is also a presentation on the behavioral finance concepts and themes that might influence an individual's perception of risk for different types of financial services and investment products. The next section presents a discussion of the significant risk perception research in the social sciences namely from psychology. This research work from psychology (i.e., risk perception studies in risky situations and hazardous activities) is the behavioral foundation for a substantial amount of the current contributions within the behavioral accounting and behavioral finance literature. In particular, the work of the Decision Research scholars including Paul Slovic and his co-authors on risk perception studies that have crossed over from psychology to the disciplines of behavioral accounting and behavioral finance (i.e. behavioral risk characteristics from psychology that are applied within a financial/investment decision making context). \n\nWithin the last section of this paper, the author reveals the first of its kind thorough review of the academic research studies on perceived risk/risk perception from the disciplines of behavioral accounting since 1975 and behavioral finance since the late 1960s. This literature review incorporates 12 works from behavioral accounting and 71 endeavors from behavioral finance. In addition, the behavioral finance literature review section also includes approximately 10 narrative research reviews from risk perception studies in behavioral economics. A major facet of this paper was to bring together all the previous studies in the risk perception literature for the purpose of conducting a study based on the academic foundation of the main themes, research approaches, and findings from this collection of studies. \n\nKeywords: risk perception, perceived risk, risk analysis, behavioral risk characteristics, objective risk, subjective risk, behavioral accounting, behavioral economics, standard finance, behavioural finance, psychology, financial psychology, social sciences, risk, standard deviation, beta, Fama, French\n\nRicciardi, Victor, A Risk Perception Primer: A Narrative Research Review of the Risk Perception Literature in Behavioral Accounting and Behavioral Finance (July 20, 2004). ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63254811,"asset_id":413592,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":310851,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Ricciardi","domain_name":"ursinus","page_name":"VictorRicciardi","display_name":"Victor Ricciardi","profile_url":"https://ursinus.academia.edu/VictorRicciardi?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/310851/62544/3457927/s65_victor.ricciardi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":42,"name":"Risk Management and Insurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management_and_Insurance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":224,"name":"Behavioural Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioural_Science?f_ri=5056"},{"id":258,"name":"Experimental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Psychology?f_ri=5056"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=5056"},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1047,"name":"Behavioral Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Sciences?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=5056"},{"id":2784,"name":"Judgment and decision making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judgment_and_decision_making?f_ri=5056"},{"id":3479,"name":"Business History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_History?f_ri=5056"},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":6687,"name":"Project Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_Risk_Management?f_ri=5056"},{"id":6748,"name":"Sociology of Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Risk?f_ri=5056"},{"id":6960,"name":"Behavioral Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Finance?f_ri=5056"},{"id":7439,"name":"Risk and Vulnerability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Vulnerability?f_ri=5056"},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=5056"},{"id":8210,"name":"Behavioral Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Decision_Making?f_ri=5056"},{"id":8844,"name":"Financial Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Risk_Management?f_ri=5056"},{"id":9538,"name":"Consumer Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Behavior?f_ri=5056"},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=5056"},{"id":13460,"name":"Risk communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_communication?f_ri=5056"},{"id":13805,"name":"Behavioral Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Economics?f_ri=5056"},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=5056"},{"id":17274,"name":"Disaster Risk Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_Risk_Communication?f_ri=5056"},{"id":45117,"name":"Behavioural Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioural_Finance?f_ri=5056"},{"id":69531,"name":"Risk Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Perception?f_ri=5056"},{"id":316819,"name":"Disaster Risk Mitigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_Risk_Mitigation?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65522344" data-work_id="65522344" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65522344/From_the_Regulation_of_Artificial_Intelligence_by_Society_to_the_Regulation_of_Society_by_Artificial_Intelligence_All_Along_the_Watchtower">From the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence by Society to the Regulation of Society by Artificial Intelligence: All Along the Watchtower</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper (preprint author) discusses the bidimensional definition of regulation by design, i.e., any alteration of human or technological behaviour through algorithmic code or data (p. 448). It argues that cyberspace made possible the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65522344" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper (preprint author) discusses the bidimensional definition of regulation by design, i.e., any alteration of human or technological behaviour through algorithmic code or data (p. 448). It argues that cyberspace made possible the advent of the digital society. If code is the new regulation, coders are the new regulators. Questions nevertheless remain as to how law can ensure appropriate regulation by design mechanisms in the AI Age. His conceptual paper identifies these questions and proposes two solution – a procedural and a substantive – that would render by-design regulation through AI more fundamental righs-proof.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65522344" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="987694472f74d3d3cf16757a8600a159" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77081060,"asset_id":65522344,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77081060/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41465817" href="https://myulg.academia.edu/JeromeDeCooman">Jerome De Cooman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41465817" type="text/json">{"id":41465817,"first_name":"Jerome","last_name":"De Cooman","domain_name":"myulg","page_name":"JeromeDeCooman","display_name":"Jerome De Cooman","profile_url":"https://myulg.academia.edu/JeromeDeCooman?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41465817/70515033/58935903/s65_jerome.de_cooman.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65522344 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65522344"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65522344, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65522344", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_65522344 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65522344; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_65522344"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_65522344 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65522344"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65522344; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65522344]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65522344").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65522344").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65522344"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="465" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="465" type="text/json">{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2900" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recommender_Systems">Recommender Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2900" type="text/json">{"id":2900,"name":"Recommender Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recommender_Systems?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3287" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance">Regulation And Governance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3287" type="text/json">{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65522344]'), work: {"id":65522344,"title":"From the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence by Society to the Regulation of Society by Artificial Intelligence: All Along the Watchtower","created_at":"2021-12-22T08:29:45.885-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65522344/From_the_Regulation_of_Artificial_Intelligence_by_Society_to_the_Regulation_of_Society_by_Artificial_Intelligence_All_Along_the_Watchtower?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_65522344","summary":"This paper (preprint author) discusses the bidimensional definition of regulation by design, i.e., any alteration of human or technological behaviour through algorithmic code or data (p. 448). It argues that cyberspace made possible the advent of the digital society. If code is the new regulation, coders are the new regulators. Questions nevertheless remain as to how law can ensure appropriate regulation by design mechanisms in the AI Age. His conceptual paper identifies these questions and proposes two solution – a procedural and a substantive – that would render by-design regulation through AI more fundamental righs-proof.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77081060,"asset_id":65522344,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41465817,"first_name":"Jerome","last_name":"De Cooman","domain_name":"myulg","page_name":"JeromeDeCooman","display_name":"Jerome De Cooman","profile_url":"https://myulg.academia.edu/JeromeDeCooman?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41465817/70515033/58935903/s65_jerome.de_cooman.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":2900,"name":"Recommender Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recommender_Systems?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":10058,"name":"Cyberspace Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberspace_Regulation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":13514,"name":"STS (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/STS_Anthropology_?f_ri=5056"},{"id":14192,"name":"Legal Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Ethics?f_ri=5056"},{"id":30945,"name":"Cyberspace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberspace?f_ri=5056"},{"id":37778,"name":"Law Enforcement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_Enforcement?f_ri=5056"},{"id":54424,"name":"science and technology studies (STS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/science_and_technology_studies_STS_?f_ri=5056"},{"id":59923,"name":"European Commission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Commission?f_ri=5056"},{"id":477145,"name":"Panopticon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panopticon?f_ri=5056"},{"id":637109,"name":"Nudge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nudge?f_ri=5056"},{"id":2952381,"name":"General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Data_Protection_Regulation_GDPR_?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33870813" data-work_id="33870813" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33870813/Transparency_in_Risk_Regulation_The_Case_of_the_European_Medicines_Agency">Transparency in Risk Regulation: The Case of the European Medicines Agency</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Transparency has risen to prominence in risk regulation leading government authorities in Europe and North America to introduce an avalanche of new policies. While transparency promises to achieve many instrumental objectives, there is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33870813" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Transparency has risen to prominence in risk regulation leading government authorities in Europe and North America to introduce an avalanche of new policies. While transparency promises to achieve many instrumental objectives, there is insufficient empirical evidence on<br />the effectiveness of the actual policies being implemented. This study first explored the ambiguity of transparency in risk regulation. This informed a review of the seriously fragmented literature and an original typology, which clarified what is being made transparent by risk regulators (objects), how (mechanisms), why (goals) and for whom (audiences). An in-depth case study was then conducted on transparency at the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the EU agency responsible for pharmaceuticals. The four case methods were extensive historical and contemporary documentation; direct observations and interviews conducted between 2012 and 2016; and multi-national surveys (UK, France, Germany, Spain) of medical doctors (specialists and general practitioners) and patients diagnosed with one of five medical conditions (HIV/AIDS, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis) (N=2,015). After providing an in-depth historical analysis of transparency at EMA (1995-2016), the case study evaluated three salient policies, which all seek to make the data that underpins decision-making in EMA’s scientific committees more ‘visible’ to outsiders. <br /><br />EMA’s policies have important strengths and weaknesses for achieving the regulator’s objectives. Transparency was also found to have serious unwanted effects including significantly increasing legal action against EMA, enabling unrestricted (high and low quality) re-analyses of benefit-risk data, and consuming substantial agency resources. Simply publishing large quantities of raw data online is unlikely to be the most effective way of<br />achieving the regulator’s transparency objectives. Rather, effective transparency requires understanding (1) the limits of full disclosure, (2) the desired quality of transparency (for multiple audiences), (3) the capacity of expert and non-expert audiences to assess transparent information, and (4) the ability of intermediaries to re-package and communicate benefit-risk information effectively. Choosing the right transparency policies ultimately means resisting becoming captivated by quantity and must take opportunity costs into careful consideration. The thesis concludes by strongly arguing that transparency should be re-conceptualised as a (risk) communication process in order to improve policy effectiveness.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33870813" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bb2568ae03885c40d5403dd39a7b4680" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53848422,"asset_id":33870813,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53848422/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2622968" href="https://cornell.academia.edu/DominicBalogWay">Dominic Balog-Way</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2622968" type="text/json">{"id":2622968,"first_name":"Dominic","last_name":"Balog-Way","domain_name":"cornell","page_name":"DominicBalogWay","display_name":"Dominic Balog-Way","profile_url":"https://cornell.academia.edu/DominicBalogWay?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2622968/5797703/27929103/s65_dominic.balog-way.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33870813 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33870813"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33870813, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33870813", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33870813]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33870813").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33870813").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33870813"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3996" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Governance">Risk Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3996" type="text/json">{"id":3996,"name":"Risk Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Governance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4387" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trials">Clinical Trials</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4387" type="text/json">{"id":4387,"name":"Clinical Trials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trials?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13460" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_communication">Risk communication</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13460" type="text/json">{"id":13460,"name":"Risk communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_communication?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33870813]'), work: {"id":33870813,"title":"Transparency in Risk Regulation: The Case of the European Medicines Agency","created_at":"2017-07-13T07:02:30.333-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33870813/Transparency_in_Risk_Regulation_The_Case_of_the_European_Medicines_Agency?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_33870813","summary":"Transparency has risen to prominence in risk regulation leading government authorities in Europe and North America to introduce an avalanche of new policies. While transparency promises to achieve many instrumental objectives, there is insufficient empirical evidence on\nthe effectiveness of the actual policies being implemented. This study first explored the ambiguity of transparency in risk regulation. This informed a review of the seriously fragmented literature and an original typology, which clarified what is being made transparent by risk regulators (objects), how (mechanisms), why (goals) and for whom (audiences). An in-depth case study was then conducted on transparency at the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the EU agency responsible for pharmaceuticals. The four case methods were extensive historical and contemporary documentation; direct observations and interviews conducted between 2012 and 2016; and multi-national surveys (UK, France, Germany, Spain) of medical doctors (specialists and general practitioners) and patients diagnosed with one of five medical conditions (HIV/AIDS, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis) (N=2,015). After providing an in-depth historical analysis of transparency at EMA (1995-2016), the case study evaluated three salient policies, which all seek to make the data that underpins decision-making in EMA’s scientific committees more ‘visible’ to outsiders. \n\nEMA’s policies have important strengths and weaknesses for achieving the regulator’s objectives. Transparency was also found to have serious unwanted effects including significantly increasing legal action against EMA, enabling unrestricted (high and low quality) re-analyses of benefit-risk data, and consuming substantial agency resources. Simply publishing large quantities of raw data online is unlikely to be the most effective way of\nachieving the regulator’s transparency objectives. Rather, effective transparency requires understanding (1) the limits of full disclosure, (2) the desired quality of transparency (for multiple audiences), (3) the capacity of expert and non-expert audiences to assess transparent information, and (4) the ability of intermediaries to re-package and communicate benefit-risk information effectively. Choosing the right transparency policies ultimately means resisting becoming captivated by quantity and must take opportunity costs into careful consideration. The thesis concludes by strongly arguing that transparency should be re-conceptualised as a (risk) communication process in order to improve policy effectiveness.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53848422,"asset_id":33870813,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2622968,"first_name":"Dominic","last_name":"Balog-Way","domain_name":"cornell","page_name":"DominicBalogWay","display_name":"Dominic Balog-Way","profile_url":"https://cornell.academia.edu/DominicBalogWay?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2622968/5797703/27929103/s65_dominic.balog-way.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3996,"name":"Risk Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Governance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":4387,"name":"Clinical Trials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trials?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":13460,"name":"Risk communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_communication?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":59537,"name":"Transparency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transparency?f_ri=5056"},{"id":64292,"name":"Pharmaceutical Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Policy?f_ri=5056"},{"id":131991,"name":"Government transparency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Government_transparency?f_ri=5056"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39738984" data-work_id="39738984" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39738984/Safety_Science_Research_Evolution_challenges_and_New_Directions">Safety Science Research. Evolution, challenges and New Directions.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Safety-critical systems such as offshore platforms, hospitals, aircrafts, nuclear power plants, refineries, bridges, dams, mines etc rely on a myriad of artefacts and actors to operate safely. It is an admirable political, technological,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39738984" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Safety-critical systems such as offshore platforms, hospitals, aircrafts, nuclear power plants, refineries, bridges, dams, mines etc rely on a myriad of artefacts and actors to operate safely. It is an admirable political, technological, social and economic endeavour re-enacted everyday all over the world. But sometimes, when a bridge collapses, a building burns, an offshore platform explodes, a nuclear reactor melts down, a train derails, a ship sinks or a plane crashes, we are reminded how precarious such successes are and we are also reminded of the diversity of practices across countries, sectors and companies. To study these operations, to understand their complexities, to develop practical solutions, safety science has matured over 40 years. And, because of their immense complexity, high-risk systems have been investigated through the lenses of different research traditions. The 1980s and 1990s were foundational decades in this respect because many of the core programs within safety science have been structured ever since by influential networks of researchers. They have developed ideas, methods and concepts including, among others, safety culture, cognitive engineering, safety regulations, high-reliability organisations or normal accident. These networks of authors created lenses through which we grasp safety-critical systems, their mode of operating but also their ways of failing. If traditions have created, framed and shaped the contours of safety science, they are also historically situated in a different era, the end of the 20 th century. What about their relevance for a world which has tremendously changed at the turn of the 21 st century? The intention of this book is to explore this question, to step back, and to connect these established traditions with insights by a new generation of researchers within, across and beyond these traditions. These writers indeed apply, adapt, extend, challenge, combine or reformulate these traditions when confronted to our increasingly digitalised, globalised and networked world.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39738984" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6cc5c12c720231d5432680804c254d6d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59918147,"asset_id":39738984,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59918147/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5366712" href="https://ineris.academia.edu/jeanchristophelecoze">jean-christophe le coze</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5366712" type="text/json">{"id":5366712,"first_name":"jean-christophe","last_name":"le coze","domain_name":"ineris","page_name":"jeanchristophelecoze","display_name":"jean-christophe le coze","profile_url":"https://ineris.academia.edu/jeanchristophelecoze?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5366712/2752682/25648411/s65_jean-christophe.le_coze.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39738984 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39738984"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39738984, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39738984", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39738984]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39738984").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39738984").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39738984"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1716" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Research">Action Research</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1716" type="text/json">{"id":1716,"name":"Action Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Research?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2277" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_Management">Project Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2277" type="text/json">{"id":2277,"name":"Project Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_Management?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3287" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance">Regulation And Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3287" type="text/json">{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5008" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience_Engineering">Resilience Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5008" type="text/json">{"id":5008,"name":"Resilience Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience_Engineering?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39738984]'), work: {"id":39738984,"title":"Safety Science Research. Evolution, challenges and New Directions.","created_at":"2019-07-02T22:48:33.498-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39738984/Safety_Science_Research_Evolution_challenges_and_New_Directions?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_39738984","summary":"Safety-critical systems such as offshore platforms, hospitals, aircrafts, nuclear power plants, refineries, bridges, dams, mines etc rely on a myriad of artefacts and actors to operate safely. It is an admirable political, technological, social and economic endeavour re-enacted everyday all over the world. But sometimes, when a bridge collapses, a building burns, an offshore platform explodes, a nuclear reactor melts down, a train derails, a ship sinks or a plane crashes, we are reminded how precarious such successes are and we are also reminded of the diversity of practices across countries, sectors and companies. To study these operations, to understand their complexities, to develop practical solutions, safety science has matured over 40 years. And, because of their immense complexity, high-risk systems have been investigated through the lenses of different research traditions. The 1980s and 1990s were foundational decades in this respect because many of the core programs within safety science have been structured ever since by influential networks of researchers. They have developed ideas, methods and concepts including, among others, safety culture, cognitive engineering, safety regulations, high-reliability organisations or normal accident. These networks of authors created lenses through which we grasp safety-critical systems, their mode of operating but also their ways of failing. If traditions have created, framed and shaped the contours of safety science, they are also historically situated in a different era, the end of the 20 th century. What about their relevance for a world which has tremendously changed at the turn of the 21 st century? The intention of this book is to explore this question, to step back, and to connect these established traditions with insights by a new generation of researchers within, across and beyond these traditions. These writers indeed apply, adapt, extend, challenge, combine or reformulate these traditions when confronted to our increasingly digitalised, globalised and networked world.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59918147,"asset_id":39738984,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5366712,"first_name":"jean-christophe","last_name":"le coze","domain_name":"ineris","page_name":"jeanchristophelecoze","display_name":"jean-christophe le coze","profile_url":"https://ineris.academia.edu/jeanchristophelecoze?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5366712/2752682/25648411/s65_jean-christophe.le_coze.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1716,"name":"Action Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Research?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":2277,"name":"Project Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_Management?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5008,"name":"Resilience Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience_Engineering?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=5056"},{"id":21168,"name":"Strategy (Business)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Business_?f_ri=5056"},{"id":23169,"name":"Cognitive Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Engineering?f_ri=5056"},{"id":30932,"name":"Safety Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_Culture?f_ri=5056"},{"id":42166,"name":"Psychological Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Safety?f_ri=5056"},{"id":43492,"name":"Standardization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standardization?f_ri=5056"},{"id":45909,"name":"Self-regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self-regulation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=5056"},{"id":54424,"name":"science and technology studies (STS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/science_and_technology_studies_STS_?f_ri=5056"},{"id":61853,"name":"High Reliability Organisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Reliability_Organisation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":192205,"name":"HUMAN ERROR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HUMAN_ERROR?f_ri=5056"},{"id":298455,"name":"Digitalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digitalization?f_ri=5056"},{"id":603594,"name":"Safety Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_Science?f_ri=5056"},{"id":968490,"name":"Cognitive Systems Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Systems_Engineering?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1196959,"name":"Globalisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalisation?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36678157 coauthored" data-work_id="36678157" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36678157/The_Governance_of_Risks_in_Ridesharing_A_Revelatory_Case_from_Singapore">The Governance of Risks in Ridesharing: A Revelatory Case from Singapore</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recently we have witnessed the worldwide adoption of many different types of innovative technologies, such as crowdsourcing, ridesharing, open and big data, aiming at delivering public services more efficiently and effectively. Among... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36678157" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recently we have witnessed the worldwide adoption of many different types of innovative technologies, such as crowdsourcing, ridesharing, open and big data, aiming at delivering public services more efficiently and effectively. Among them, ridesharing has received substantial attention from decision-makers around the world. Because of the multitude of currently understood or potentially unknown risks associated with ridesharing (unemployment, insurance, information privacy, and environmental risk), governments in different countries apply different strategies to address such risks. Some governments prohibit the adoption of ridesharing altogether, while other governments promote it. In this article, we address the question of how risks involved in ridesharing are governed over time. We present an in-depth single case study on Singapore and examine how the Singaporean government has addressed risks in ridesharing over time. The Singaporean government has a strong ambition to become an innovation hub, and many innovative technologies have been adopted and promoted to that end. At the same time, decision-makers in Singapore are reputed for their proactive style of social governance. The example of Singapore can be regarded as a revelatory case study, helping us further to explore governance practices in other countries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36678157" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9969d6cf2ce7c19724a23de75796f381" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56615313,"asset_id":36678157,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56615313/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51433258" href="https://njnu.academia.edu/YanweiLi">Yanwei Li</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51433258" type="text/json">{"id":51433258,"first_name":"Yanwei","last_name":"Li","domain_name":"njnu","page_name":"YanweiLi","display_name":"Yanwei Li","profile_url":"https://njnu.academia.edu/YanweiLi?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51433258/13626992/19603451/s65_yanwei.li.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-36678157">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-36678157"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://nus.academia.edu/ArazTaeihagh">Araz 𝖳aeihagh</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-36678157'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-36678157').html(); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/36596754/Annex_IV_Mapping_the_practices_of_scientific_risk_assessment_evaluation_of_active_substances_used_in_plant_protection_products">Annex IV Mapping the practices of scientific (risk assessment) evaluation of active substances used in plant protection products</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The regulation of risks and hazards is highly differentiated and contested within the EU and beyond, i.e. risk assessors arrive at different scientific conclusions. This study, first, maps the practices of scientific (assessments) of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36596754" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The regulation of risks and hazards is highly differentiated and contested within the EU and beyond, i.e. risk assessors arrive at different scientific conclusions. This study, first, maps the practices of scientific (assessments) of active substances used in plant protection products: glyphosate, 2,4-D, bentazone and neonicotinoid pesticides. Second, the study aims to explain 'why scientific divergences have emerged' and whether the scientific differences between different risk assessors can be explained by differences in their institutional designs (mandates, procedures, formal working policies) and/or the technical/scientific quality standards followed in the risk assessment processes. To that end, this study draws on the analysis of primary documents, semi-structured interviews with the representatives of agencies, as well as an online stakeholders' survey. The study has shown that several factors have contributed to the explanation relating to the main research question of this research paper: 'Why do risk assessors arrive at different conclusions?' The results from desk research and semi-structured interviews suggest that the diverging scientific conclusions on the studied substances have emerged because different risk assessors have engaged in different types of scientific evaluations (hazard identification versus risk assessment), which is an important explanatory factor explaining discrepancies in scientific conclusions. Furthermore, the following factors were identified as important causes explaining scientific divergences in scientific evaluations: agencies relied on different data sources to assess risks and hazards; they applied different scientific approaches (i.e., methodologies) to assess the collected data; they engaged in the different interpretations when weighing indefinite results.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36596754" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="39049def70f54e373ae7e1adcdde5ae6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56524710,"asset_id":36596754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56524710/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33597628" href="https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/Dovil%C4%97Rimkut%C4%97">Dovilė Rimkutė</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33597628" type="text/json">{"id":33597628,"first_name":"Dovilė","last_name":"Rimkutė","domain_name":"lmu-munich","page_name":"DovilėRimkutė","display_name":"Dovilė Rimkutė","profile_url":"https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/Dovil%C4%97Rimkut%C4%97?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33597628/9918624/16958321/s65_dovil_.rimkut_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36596754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36596754"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36596754, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36596754", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36596754]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36596754").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36596754").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36596754"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27703" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Hazard">Risk and Hazard</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27703" type="text/json">{"id":27703,"name":"Risk and Hazard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Hazard?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82770" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Independent_Regulatory_Agencies">Independent Regulatory Agencies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="82770" type="text/json">{"id":82770,"name":"Independent Regulatory Agencies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Independent_Regulatory_Agencies?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="85437" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticides">Pesticides</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="85437" type="text/json">{"id":85437,"name":"Pesticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticides?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36596754]'), work: {"id":36596754,"title":"Annex IV Mapping the practices of scientific (risk assessment) evaluation of active substances used in plant protection products","created_at":"2018-05-09T09:37:48.271-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36596754/Annex_IV_Mapping_the_practices_of_scientific_risk_assessment_evaluation_of_active_substances_used_in_plant_protection_products?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_36596754","summary":"The regulation of risks and hazards is highly differentiated and contested within the EU and beyond, i.e. risk assessors arrive at different scientific conclusions. This study, first, maps the practices of scientific (assessments) of active substances used in plant protection products: glyphosate, 2,4-D, bentazone and neonicotinoid pesticides. Second, the study aims to explain 'why scientific divergences have emerged' and whether the scientific differences between different risk assessors can be explained by differences in their institutional designs (mandates, procedures, formal working policies) and/or the technical/scientific quality standards followed in the risk assessment processes. To that end, this study draws on the analysis of primary documents, semi-structured interviews with the representatives of agencies, as well as an online stakeholders' survey. The study has shown that several factors have contributed to the explanation relating to the main research question of this research paper: 'Why do risk assessors arrive at different conclusions?' The results from desk research and semi-structured interviews suggest that the diverging scientific conclusions on the studied substances have emerged because different risk assessors have engaged in different types of scientific evaluations (hazard identification versus risk assessment), which is an important explanatory factor explaining discrepancies in scientific conclusions. Furthermore, the following factors were identified as important causes explaining scientific divergences in scientific evaluations: agencies relied on different data sources to assess risks and hazards; they applied different scientific approaches (i.e., methodologies) to assess the collected data; they engaged in the different interpretations when weighing indefinite results.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56524710,"asset_id":36596754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33597628,"first_name":"Dovilė","last_name":"Rimkutė","domain_name":"lmu-munich","page_name":"DovilėRimkutė","display_name":"Dovilė Rimkutė","profile_url":"https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/Dovil%C4%97Rimkut%C4%97?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33597628/9918624/16958321/s65_dovil_.rimkut_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":27703,"name":"Risk and Hazard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Hazard?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":82770,"name":"Independent Regulatory Agencies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Independent_Regulatory_Agencies?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":85437,"name":"Pesticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticides?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":871898,"name":"Risk assessments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessments?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40796892" data-work_id="40796892" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40796892/Cyclamates_A_Tale_of_Uncertain_Knowledge_1930s_1980s_">Cyclamates. A Tale of Uncertain Knowledge (1930s–1980s)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As the carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of synthetic chemicals such as food additives, pesticides, and active agents in medicines came to be better understood, the harmlessness of many common substances, including cyclamates, came into... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40796892" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As the carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of synthetic chemicals<br />such as food additives, pesticides, and active agents in medicines came<br />to be better understood, the harmlessness of many common substances,<br />including cyclamates, came into question. While carcinogens became<br />the object of regulation in the 1950s, regulatory measures to prevent<br />mutagenic harm to consumers’ and workers’ health were developed<br />only in the 1970s and 1980s. The US Food and Drug Administration<br />banned the sale of cyclamates in 1969, while other countries, including<br />West Germany, were reluctant to follow the FDA in that decision. The<br />debate is silent today, but a conclusion on the safety of cyclamates was<br />never reached. This undetermined situation was not an exception but<br />exemplifies the problems of mutagen and carcinogen regulation and<br />reflects the characteristics of chemopolitics in the environmental age.<br />For an answer to why the regulation of cyclamates differed in several<br />countries, one must consider the national cultures of regulation: the<br />specificities in terms of regulatory institutions and their relation to<br />industry, of the regulatory body of laws and rules, as well as of health<br />politics, public discourse, and science. Knowledge together with the way<br />knowledge is produced is a key subject for the study of chemopolitics.<br />Knowledge of the detrimental effects of sweeteners was communicated,<br />debated, interpreted, criticized, taken for granted, and addressed in<br />regulatory action. Cyclamates are a good case study to highlight the<br />historic epistemology of this knowledge, that is, the rules and practices<br />of research into health risks.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40796892" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="36b69f96c4566cdbf840a1898234753d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61079417,"asset_id":40796892,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61079417/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36006116" href="https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/AlexanderSchwerin">Alexander Schwerin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36006116" type="text/json">{"id":36006116,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Schwerin","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","page_name":"AlexanderSchwerin","display_name":"Alexander Schwerin","profile_url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/AlexanderSchwerin?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36006116/10399659/14566153/s65_alexander.schwerin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40796892 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40796892"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40796892, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40796892", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40796892 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40796892; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40796892"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40796892 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40796892"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40796892; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40796892]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40796892").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40796892").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40796892"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="129" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History">American History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="129" type="text/json">{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1081" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety">Food Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1081" type="text/json">{"id":1081,"name":"Food Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1729" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_History">German History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1729" type="text/json">{"id":1729,"name":"German History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_History?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40796892]'), work: {"id":40796892,"title":"Cyclamates. A Tale of Uncertain Knowledge (1930s–1980s)","created_at":"2019-10-31T06:39:18.293-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40796892/Cyclamates_A_Tale_of_Uncertain_Knowledge_1930s_1980s_?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_40796892","summary":"As the carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of synthetic chemicals\nsuch as food additives, pesticides, and active agents in medicines came\nto be better understood, the harmlessness of many common substances,\nincluding cyclamates, came into question. While carcinogens became\nthe object of regulation in the 1950s, regulatory measures to prevent\nmutagenic harm to consumers’ and workers’ health were developed\nonly in the 1970s and 1980s. The US Food and Drug Administration\nbanned the sale of cyclamates in 1969, while other countries, including\nWest Germany, were reluctant to follow the FDA in that decision. The\ndebate is silent today, but a conclusion on the safety of cyclamates was\nnever reached. This undetermined situation was not an exception but\nexemplifies the problems of mutagen and carcinogen regulation and\nreflects the characteristics of chemopolitics in the environmental age.\nFor an answer to why the regulation of cyclamates differed in several\ncountries, one must consider the national cultures of regulation: the\nspecificities in terms of regulatory institutions and their relation to\nindustry, of the regulatory body of laws and rules, as well as of health\npolitics, public discourse, and science. Knowledge together with the way\nknowledge is produced is a key subject for the study of chemopolitics.\nKnowledge of the detrimental effects of sweeteners was communicated,\ndebated, interpreted, criticized, taken for granted, and addressed in\nregulatory action. Cyclamates are a good case study to highlight the\nhistoric epistemology of this knowledge, that is, the rules and practices\nof research into health risks.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61079417,"asset_id":40796892,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36006116,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Schwerin","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","page_name":"AlexanderSchwerin","display_name":"Alexander Schwerin","profile_url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/AlexanderSchwerin?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36006116/10399659/14566153/s65_alexander.schwerin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":1081,"name":"Food Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":1729,"name":"German History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_History?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=5056"},{"id":4553,"name":"Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicology?f_ri=5056"},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":57511,"name":"Cross-Cultural Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Cultural_Comparison?f_ri=5056"},{"id":356913,"name":"History of food and nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_food_and_nutrition?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30890503 coauthored" data-work_id="30890503" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30890503/Delivery_dilemmas_How_drug_cryptomarket_users_identify_and_seek_to_reduce_their_risk_of_detection_by_law_enforcement">Delivery dilemmas: How drug cryptomarket users identify and seek to reduce their risk of detection by law enforcement</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Cryptomarkets represent an important drug market innovation by bringing buyers and sellers of illegal drugs together in a 'hidden' yet public online marketplace. We ask: How do cryptomarket drug sellers and buyers perceive the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30890503" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Cryptomarkets represent an important drug market innovation by bringing buyers and sellers of illegal drugs together in a 'hidden' yet public online marketplace. We ask: How do cryptomarket drug sellers and buyers perceive the risks of detection and arrest, and attempt to limit them? Methods: We analyse selected texts produced by vendors operating on the first major drug cryptomarket, Silk Road (N = 600) alongside data extracted from the marketplace discussion forum that include buyer perspectives. We apply Fader's (2016) framework for understanding how drug dealers operating 'offline' attempt to reduce the risk of detection and arrest: visibility reduction, charge reduction and risk distribution. Results: We characterize drug transactions on cryptomarkets as 'stretched' across time, virtual and physical space, and handlers, changing the location and nature of risks faced by cryptomarket users. The key locations of risk of detection and arrest by law enforcement were found in 'offline' activities of cryptomarket vendors (packaging and delivery drop-offs) and buyers (receiving deliveries). Strategies in response involved either creating or disrupting routine activities in line with a non-offending identity. Use of encrypted communication was seen as 'good practice' but often not employed. 'Drop shipping' allowed some Silk Road vendors to sell illegal drugs without the necessity of handling them. Conclusion: Silk Road participants neither viewed themselves as immune to, nor passively accepting of, the risk of detection and arrest. Rational choice theorists have viewed offending decisions as constrained by limited access to relevant information. Cryptomarkets as 'illicit capital' sharing communities provide expanded and low-cost access to information enabling drug market participants to make more accurate assessments of the risk of apprehension. The abundance of drug market intelligence available to those on both sides of the law may function to speed up innovation in illegal drug markets, as well as necessitate and facilitate the development of law enforcement responses. Crown</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30890503" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fa8d81fcf0e4db495b26c75f7b0876c1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51315863,"asset_id":30890503,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51315863/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1030543" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/JudithAldridge">Judith Aldridge</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1030543" type="text/json">{"id":1030543,"first_name":"Judith","last_name":"Aldridge","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"JudithAldridge","display_name":"Judith Aldridge","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/JudithAldridge?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1030543/358598/1075655/s65_judith.aldridge.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-30890503">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-30890503"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://mmu.academia.edu/RebeccaAskew">Rebecca Askew</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-30890503'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-30890503').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30890503 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30890503"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30890503; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30890503]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30890503").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30890503").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30890503"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8208" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rational_Choice">Rational Choice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8208" type="text/json">{"id":8208,"name":"Rational Choice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rational_Choice?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13590" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Taking">Risk Taking</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13590" type="text/json">{"id":13590,"name":"Risk Taking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Taking?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30836" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illicit_Drug_markets">Illicit Drug markets</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30836" type="text/json">{"id":30836,"name":"Illicit Drug markets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illicit_Drug_markets?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30890503]'), work: {"id":30890503,"title":"Delivery dilemmas: How drug cryptomarket users identify and seek to reduce their risk of detection by law enforcement","created_at":"2017-01-12T03:37:55.266-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30890503/Delivery_dilemmas_How_drug_cryptomarket_users_identify_and_seek_to_reduce_their_risk_of_detection_by_law_enforcement?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_30890503","summary":"Background: Cryptomarkets represent an important drug market innovation by bringing buyers and sellers of illegal drugs together in a 'hidden' yet public online marketplace. We ask: How do cryptomarket drug sellers and buyers perceive the risks of detection and arrest, and attempt to limit them? Methods: We analyse selected texts produced by vendors operating on the first major drug cryptomarket, Silk Road (N = 600) alongside data extracted from the marketplace discussion forum that include buyer perspectives. We apply Fader's (2016) framework for understanding how drug dealers operating 'offline' attempt to reduce the risk of detection and arrest: visibility reduction, charge reduction and risk distribution. Results: We characterize drug transactions on cryptomarkets as 'stretched' across time, virtual and physical space, and handlers, changing the location and nature of risks faced by cryptomarket users. The key locations of risk of detection and arrest by law enforcement were found in 'offline' activities of cryptomarket vendors (packaging and delivery drop-offs) and buyers (receiving deliveries). Strategies in response involved either creating or disrupting routine activities in line with a non-offending identity. Use of encrypted communication was seen as 'good practice' but often not employed. 'Drop shipping' allowed some Silk Road vendors to sell illegal drugs without the necessity of handling them. Conclusion: Silk Road participants neither viewed themselves as immune to, nor passively accepting of, the risk of detection and arrest. Rational choice theorists have viewed offending decisions as constrained by limited access to relevant information. Cryptomarkets as 'illicit capital' sharing communities provide expanded and low-cost access to information enabling drug market participants to make more accurate assessments of the risk of apprehension. The abundance of drug market intelligence available to those on both sides of the law may function to speed up innovation in illegal drug markets, as well as necessitate and facilitate the development of law enforcement responses. Crown","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51315863,"asset_id":30890503,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1030543,"first_name":"Judith","last_name":"Aldridge","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"JudithAldridge","display_name":"Judith Aldridge","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/JudithAldridge?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1030543/358598/1075655/s65_judith.aldridge.jpg"},{"id":1203828,"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Askew","domain_name":"mmu","page_name":"RebeccaAskew","display_name":"Rebecca Askew","profile_url":"https://mmu.academia.edu/RebeccaAskew?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1203828/432619/20693934/s65_rebecca.askew.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":8208,"name":"Rational Choice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rational_Choice?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":13590,"name":"Risk Taking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Taking?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":30836,"name":"Illicit Drug markets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illicit_Drug_markets?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":37778,"name":"Law Enforcement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_Enforcement?f_ri=5056"},{"id":42070,"name":"Harm Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harm_Reduction?f_ri=5056"},{"id":364653,"name":"Drug Dealing, Law Reform, Harm Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Dealing_Law_Reform_Harm_Reduction?f_ri=5056"},{"id":624608,"name":"Darknet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Darknet?f_ri=5056"},{"id":917549,"name":"Drug Dealing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Dealing?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1008996,"name":"Drug Dealers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Dealers?f_ri=5056"},{"id":2186770,"name":"Cryptomarkets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryptomarkets?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1480965 coauthored" data-work_id="1480965" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1480965/Playing_tick_box_games_Interrelating_defences_in_professional_appraisal">Playing tick-box games: Interrelating defences in professional appraisal</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We here examine the introduction of appraisal for senior medical professionals. Our recent qualitative field research found four main experiences of appraisal (developmental, disappointed reflection, defensive assessment and cynical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1480965" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We here examine the introduction of appraisal for senior medical professionals. Our recent qualitative field research found four main experiences of appraisal (developmental, disappointed reflection, defensive assessment and cynical dismissal of appraisal as a waste of time), which we developed into a typology. We argue many professionals `play tick-box games' to give the impression of auditable practice while continuing to practise in a traditional way. We develop existing theory on the `audit society', social defences and `mock bureaucracy' to explain interrelating defences which occur in appraisal as a reaction to the risks and conflict experienced in professional regulation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1480965" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47f43949a9ad7fb166a52012bcaa4495" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31213273,"asset_id":1480965,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31213273/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="74131" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/EwanFerlie">Ewan Ferlie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="74131" type="text/json">{"id":74131,"first_name":"Ewan","last_name":"Ferlie","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"EwanFerlie","display_name":"Ewan Ferlie","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/EwanFerlie?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/74131/20477/54995/s65_ewan.ferlie.74131"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-1480965">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-1480965"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://warwick.academia.edu/GerryMcGivern">Gerry McGivern</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-1480965'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-1480965').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1480965 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1480965"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1480965, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1480965", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1480965 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1480965; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1480965"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1480965 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1480965"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1480965; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1480965]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1480965").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1480965").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1480965"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1073" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Management">Public Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1073" type="text/json">{"id":1073,"name":"Public Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Management?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13473" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bureaucratic_Politics">Bureaucratic Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13473" type="text/json">{"id":13473,"name":"Bureaucratic Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bureaucratic_Politics?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26028" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Appraisals">Performance Appraisals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26028" type="text/json">{"id":26028,"name":"Performance Appraisals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Appraisals?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1480965]'), work: {"id":1480965,"title":"Playing tick-box games: Interrelating defences in professional appraisal","created_at":"2012-03-21T18:46:31.920-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1480965/Playing_tick_box_games_Interrelating_defences_in_professional_appraisal?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_1480965","summary":"We here examine the introduction of appraisal for senior medical professionals. Our recent qualitative field research found four main experiences of appraisal (developmental, disappointed reflection, defensive assessment and cynical dismissal of appraisal as a waste of time), which we developed into a typology. We argue many professionals `play tick-box games' to give the impression of auditable practice while continuing to practise in a traditional way. We develop existing theory on the `audit society', social defences and `mock bureaucracy' to explain interrelating defences which occur in appraisal as a reaction to the risks and conflict experienced in professional regulation. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31213273,"asset_id":1480965,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":31213198,"asset_id":1480965,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":74131,"first_name":"Ewan","last_name":"Ferlie","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"EwanFerlie","display_name":"Ewan Ferlie","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/EwanFerlie?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/74131/20477/54995/s65_ewan.ferlie.74131"},{"id":1297494,"first_name":"Gerry","last_name":"McGivern","domain_name":"warwick","page_name":"GerryMcGivern","display_name":"Gerry McGivern","profile_url":"https://warwick.academia.edu/GerryMcGivern?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1297494/478325/17021932/s65_gerry.mcgivern.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1073,"name":"Public Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Management?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":13473,"name":"Bureaucratic Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bureaucratic_Politics?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":26028,"name":"Performance Appraisals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Appraisals?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":465651,"name":"Social Defences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Defences?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12363457" data-work_id="12363457" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12363457/Versicherung_und_Verbriefung_Der_Irrweg_der_Kommission_auf_der_Suche_nach_einer_Regulierung_von_derivativen_Finanzprodukten_Insurance_and_Securitization_How_the_Commission_has_been_Led_Astray_in_Its_Search_for_a_Regulation_of_Derivative_Financial_Products_">Versicherung und Verbriefung - Der Irrweg der Kommission auf der Suche nach einer Regulierung von derivativen Finanzprodukten [Insurance and Securitization – How the Commission has been Led Astray in Its Search for a Regulation of Derivative Financial Products]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Green Paper of the Commission to build a capital markets union promises to regulate, once again, derivative financial instruments. A key measure contemplated by the Commission is the establishment of a “quality seal” for worthy, i.e.,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12363457" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Green Paper of the Commission to build a capital markets union promises to regulate, once again, derivative financial instruments. A key measure contemplated by the Commission is the establishment of a “quality seal” for worthy, i.e., secure, asset-backed securities (ABS). While the financial crises of the last years have shown that new ways for regulating derivatives and ABS indeed need to be found, the proposal of a “quality seal” has led the Commission astray. It misses to give due weight to the economic functions of derivatives and ABS; it neglects behavioral economic and cognitive psychology insights about the creation of illusions of control and probability weighting by investors; and it only addresses some relevant risks while ignoring others. The article provides an economic and psychological analysis of derivatives in its first two parts to found a critique of the Commission proposal. The third part is dedicated to laying out an alternative scheme of derivative regulation which does take the above mentioned economic functions and behavioral effects into account.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12363457" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="08fb3ee027a1adf6c4222a667b26eae9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37620365,"asset_id":12363457,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37620365/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29671056" href="https://europa-uni.academia.edu/PhilippHacker">Philipp Hacker</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29671056" type="text/json">{"id":29671056,"first_name":"Philipp","last_name":"Hacker","domain_name":"europa-uni","page_name":"PhilippHacker","display_name":"Philipp Hacker","profile_url":"https://europa-uni.academia.edu/PhilippHacker?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29671056/8527428/29948049/s65_philipp.hacker.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12363457 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12363457"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12363457, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12363457", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12363457]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12363457").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12363457").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12363457"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurance_Law">Insurance Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3838" type="text/json">{"id":3838,"name":"Insurance Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurance_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6831" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Securitization">Securitization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6831" type="text/json">{"id":6831,"name":"Securitization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Securitization?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6910" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capital_Markets">Capital Markets</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6910" type="text/json">{"id":6910,"name":"Capital Markets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capital_Markets?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12363457]'), work: {"id":12363457,"title":"Versicherung und Verbriefung - Der Irrweg der Kommission auf der Suche nach einer Regulierung von derivativen Finanzprodukten [Insurance and Securitization – How the Commission has been Led Astray in Its Search for a Regulation of Derivative Financial Products]","created_at":"2015-05-13T02:37:59.338-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12363457/Versicherung_und_Verbriefung_Der_Irrweg_der_Kommission_auf_der_Suche_nach_einer_Regulierung_von_derivativen_Finanzprodukten_Insurance_and_Securitization_How_the_Commission_has_been_Led_Astray_in_Its_Search_for_a_Regulation_of_Derivative_Financial_Products_?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_12363457","summary":"The Green Paper of the Commission to build a capital markets union promises to regulate, once again, derivative financial instruments. A key measure contemplated by the Commission is the establishment of a “quality seal” for worthy, i.e., secure, asset-backed securities (ABS). While the financial crises of the last years have shown that new ways for regulating derivatives and ABS indeed need to be found, the proposal of a “quality seal” has led the Commission astray. It misses to give due weight to the economic functions of derivatives and ABS; it neglects behavioral economic and cognitive psychology insights about the creation of illusions of control and probability weighting by investors; and it only addresses some relevant risks while ignoring others. The article provides an economic and psychological analysis of derivatives in its first two parts to found a critique of the Commission proposal. The third part is dedicated to laying out an alternative scheme of derivative regulation which does take the above mentioned economic functions and behavioral effects into account.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37620365,"asset_id":12363457,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29671056,"first_name":"Philipp","last_name":"Hacker","domain_name":"europa-uni","page_name":"PhilippHacker","display_name":"Philipp Hacker","profile_url":"https://europa-uni.academia.edu/PhilippHacker?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29671056/8527428/29948049/s65_philipp.hacker.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3838,"name":"Insurance Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurance_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":6831,"name":"Securitization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Securitization?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":6910,"name":"Capital Markets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capital_Markets?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":6960,"name":"Behavioral Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Finance?f_ri=5056"},{"id":8844,"name":"Financial Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Risk_Management?f_ri=5056"},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=5056"},{"id":45591,"name":"Financial Derivatives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Derivatives?f_ri=5056"},{"id":132821,"name":"Securities Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Securities_Regulation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":605185,"name":"Behavioral Law and Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Law_and_Economics-1?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1830931,"name":"Capital Markets Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capital_Markets_Union?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26264991" data-work_id="26264991" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26264991/Regulating_Solar_Radiation_Management_in_the_EU">Regulating Solar Radiation Management in the EU</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26264991" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c353b3e35cf3cccd5938d76c7d1be4fc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46578424,"asset_id":26264991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46578424/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10563122" href="https://bristol.academia.edu/NeelPurmah">Neel Purmah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10563122" type="text/json">{"id":10563122,"first_name":"Neel","last_name":"Purmah","domain_name":"bristol","page_name":"NeelPurmah","display_name":"Neel Purmah","profile_url":"https://bristol.academia.edu/NeelPurmah?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10563122/3357691/14481325/s65_neel.purmah.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26264991 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26264991"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26264991, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26264991", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26264991]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26264991").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26264991").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26264991"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106707" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_Radiation_Management">Solar Radiation Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="106707" type="text/json">{"id":106707,"name":"Solar Radiation Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_Radiation_Management?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26264991]'), work: {"id":26264991,"title":"Regulating Solar Radiation Management in the EU","created_at":"2016-06-17T14:14:35.394-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26264991/Regulating_Solar_Radiation_Management_in_the_EU?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_26264991","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46578424,"asset_id":26264991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10563122,"first_name":"Neel","last_name":"Purmah","domain_name":"bristol","page_name":"NeelPurmah","display_name":"Neel Purmah","profile_url":"https://bristol.academia.edu/NeelPurmah?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10563122/3357691/14481325/s65_neel.purmah.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":106707,"name":"Solar Radiation Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_Radiation_Management?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8060168" data-work_id="8060168" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8060168/Regulating_Firearms_Through_Litigation">Regulating Firearms Through Litigation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As a result of relatively weak regulation, firearm use leads to massive negative externalities. Efforts to minimize these social costs via legislation have been unsuccessful, which have led individuals and government entities to seek... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8060168" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As a result of relatively weak regulation, firearm use leads to massive negative externalities. Efforts to minimize these social costs via legislation have been unsuccessful, which have led individuals and government entities to seek regulation through another avenue: litigation. This use of the courts as a regulatory gap-filler raises vital questions, among which perhaps the most vital is whether courts are effective at performing this role. This Article seeks to answer that question by comparing the courts as an institution with other institutions, such as markets, legislatures, and administrative agencies. I consider a number of factors that can be used to measure institutional effectiveness, and argue that courts are the optimal (albeit imperfect) institution for dealing with firearm-related externalities. I then consider a number of remedies that could be used to address the firearm-related externalities, concluding that damage awards are appropriate to remedy these social costs, while at the same time creating market-based incentives to reduce future externalities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8060168" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="335817ac9bd42fa8a8ab2dbf9388f401" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34516260,"asset_id":8060168,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34516260/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2096414" href="https://ou.academia.edu/PatrickLuff">Patrick Luff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2096414" type="text/json">{"id":2096414,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Luff","domain_name":"ou","page_name":"PatrickLuff","display_name":"Patrick Luff","profile_url":"https://ou.academia.edu/PatrickLuff?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2096414/683489/899584/s65_patrick.luff.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8060168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8060168"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8060168, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8060168", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8060168]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8060168").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8060168").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8060168"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41234" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Administrative_Law">Administrative Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41234" type="text/json">{"id":41234,"name":"Administrative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Administrative_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133758" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complex_Litigation">Complex Litigation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133758" type="text/json">{"id":133758,"name":"Complex Litigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complex_Litigation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="171648" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firearms">Firearms</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="171648" type="text/json">{"id":171648,"name":"Firearms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firearms?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8060168]'), work: {"id":8060168,"title":"Regulating Firearms Through Litigation","created_at":"2014-08-23T06:57:25.212-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8060168/Regulating_Firearms_Through_Litigation?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_8060168","summary":"As a result of relatively weak regulation, firearm use leads to massive negative externalities. Efforts to minimize these social costs via legislation have been unsuccessful, which have led individuals and government entities to seek regulation through another avenue: litigation. This use of the courts as a regulatory gap-filler raises vital questions, among which perhaps the most vital is whether courts are effective at performing this role. This Article seeks to answer that question by comparing the courts as an institution with other institutions, such as markets, legislatures, and administrative agencies. I consider a number of factors that can be used to measure institutional effectiveness, and argue that courts are the optimal (albeit imperfect) institution for dealing with firearm-related externalities. I then consider a number of remedies that could be used to address the firearm-related externalities, concluding that damage awards are appropriate to remedy these social costs, while at the same time creating market-based incentives to reduce future externalities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34516260,"asset_id":8060168,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2096414,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Luff","domain_name":"ou","page_name":"PatrickLuff","display_name":"Patrick Luff","profile_url":"https://ou.academia.edu/PatrickLuff?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2096414/683489/899584/s65_patrick.luff.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":41234,"name":"Administrative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Administrative_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":133758,"name":"Complex Litigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complex_Litigation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":171648,"name":"Firearms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firearms?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1886726" data-work_id="1886726" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1886726/Public_Understanding_of_Participation_in_Regulatory_Decision_Making_The_Case_of_Bottled_Water_Quality_Standards_in_India">Public Understanding of Participation in Regulatory Decision-Making: The Case of Bottled Water Quality Standards in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">“Science-based” standards are an integral part of modern regulatory systems. Studies on “public understanding of science” mostly focus on high technology areas in advanced economies. In contrast, the present study analyses the public... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1886726" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">“Science-based” standards are an integral part of modern regulatory systems. Studies on “public understanding of science” mostly focus on high technology areas in advanced economies. In contrast, the present study analyses the public understanding of regulation in the context of standard-setting for bottled water quality in India. Using primary data, the econometric models of this paper show that public understanding of participation in regulation depends on awareness of, and trust in, existing regulatory practices in a complex, non-linear manner. In this light, the paper argues that “deficit model” and “dialogue model” frameworks cannot be seen as two mutually exclusive frameworks of analyses.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1886726" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f629673ddc0356f8e1e2d26052a23c5a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44123064,"asset_id":1886726,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44123064/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="84817" href="https://uvigo.academia.edu/AviramSharma">Aviram Sharma</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="84817" type="text/json">{"id":84817,"first_name":"Aviram","last_name":"Sharma","domain_name":"uvigo","page_name":"AviramSharma","display_name":"Aviram Sharma","profile_url":"https://uvigo.academia.edu/AviramSharma?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/84817/23624/18682368/s65_aviram.sharma.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1886726 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1886726"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1886726, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1886726", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1886726]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1886726").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1886726").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1886726"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">55</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology">History of Science and Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="132" type="text/json">{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="923" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology">Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="923" type="text/json">{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1886726]'), work: {"id":1886726,"title":"Public Understanding of Participation in Regulatory Decision-Making: The Case of Bottled Water Quality Standards in India","created_at":"2012-08-25T18:25:09.287-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1886726/Public_Understanding_of_Participation_in_Regulatory_Decision_Making_The_Case_of_Bottled_Water_Quality_Standards_in_India?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_1886726","summary":"“Science-based” standards are an integral part of modern regulatory systems. Studies on “public understanding of science” mostly focus on high technology areas in advanced economies. In contrast, the present study analyses the public understanding of regulation in the context of standard-setting for bottled water quality in India. Using primary data, the econometric models of this paper show that public understanding of participation in regulation depends on awareness of, and trust in, existing regulatory practices in a complex, non-linear manner. In this light, the paper argues that “deficit model” and “dialogue model” frameworks cannot be seen as two mutually exclusive frameworks of analyses. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44123064,"asset_id":1886726,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":84817,"first_name":"Aviram","last_name":"Sharma","domain_name":"uvigo","page_name":"AviramSharma","display_name":"Aviram Sharma","profile_url":"https://uvigo.academia.edu/AviramSharma?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/84817/23624/18682368/s65_aviram.sharma.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1524,"name":"Science Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Policy?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1561,"name":"Regulatory Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulatory_Governance?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1785,"name":"Public PolicyStudies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_PolicyStudies?f_ri=5056"},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=5056"},{"id":2789,"name":"Government","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Government?f_ri=5056"},{"id":2993,"name":"Sociology of Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Knowledge?f_ri=5056"},{"id":3043,"name":"Trust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust?f_ri=5056"},{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=5056"},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=5056"},{"id":3740,"name":"Ecological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Anthropology?f_ri=5056"},{"id":4252,"name":"Computer Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Networks?f_ri=5056"},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=5056"},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=5056"},{"id":4834,"name":"Economic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Anthropology?f_ri=5056"},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=5056"},{"id":6439,"name":"Public Understanding Of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Understanding_Of_Science?f_ri=5056"},{"id":6656,"name":"Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Governmental_Organizations_NGOs_?f_ri=5056"},{"id":6748,"name":"Sociology of Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Risk?f_ri=5056"},{"id":7639,"name":"Standards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standards?f_ri=5056"},{"id":8471,"name":"Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Participation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":9468,"name":"Policy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Studies?f_ri=5056"},{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=5056"},{"id":11035,"name":"Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":11044,"name":"Trust Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust_Management?f_ri=5056"},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=5056"},{"id":12546,"name":"Science and Technology Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Technology_Policy?f_ri=5056"},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=5056"},{"id":17125,"name":"Public Participation In Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Participation_In_Governance?f_ri=5056"},{"id":17419,"name":"Drinking Water Quality Standards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water_Quality_Standards?f_ri=5056"},{"id":17712,"name":"Science and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Technology?f_ri=5056"},{"id":27360,"name":"Databases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Databases?f_ri=5056"},{"id":29840,"name":"Public Policy Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy_Development?f_ri=5056"},{"id":29841,"name":"Public Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=5056"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=5056"},{"id":47452,"name":"Public Engagement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Engagement?f_ri=5056"},{"id":49379,"name":"Water Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Policy?f_ri=5056"},{"id":50664,"name":"Cultural change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_change?f_ri=5056"},{"id":52982,"name":"Commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commerce?f_ri=5056"},{"id":53293,"name":"Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software?f_ri=5056"},{"id":77210,"name":"Public Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Participation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":138637,"name":"Water Quality Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality_Index?f_ri=5056"},{"id":294344,"name":"Political economy of regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_economy_of_regulation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":475278,"name":"Bottled Water Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bottled_Water_Industry?f_ri=5056"},{"id":532848,"name":"Water Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Mining?f_ri=5056"},{"id":614888,"name":"Quality of Bottled Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_Bottled_Water?f_ri=5056"},{"id":653488,"name":"Packaged water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Packaged_water?f_ri=5056"},{"id":972403,"name":"Clean Water Scarcity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clean_Water_Scarcity?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1744493,"name":"Science and Technology Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Technology_Studies?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44911534" data-work_id="44911534" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44911534/What_explanations_account_for_the_ban_of_thiamethoxam_in_the_risk_regulation_regime_of_neonicotinoid_pesticides_in_France">What explanations account for the ban of thiamethoxam in the risk regulation regime of neonicotinoid pesticides in France</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This research describes and analyses the processes that lead to the 2012 ban of thiamethoxam in France. Ecological systems are complex and characterized by a low understanding of their probability of risk occurrence and impact of risk... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44911534" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This research describes and analyses the processes that lead to the 2012 ban of thiamethoxam in France. Ecological systems are complex and characterized by a low understanding of their probability of risk occurrence and impact of risk outcome. In such type of risk situation, the structures and processes for collective decision-making involving governmental and non-governmental actors face the three major challenges of: complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity. Using risk regulation regime as an analytical framework, this study highlights the various mechanisms that explain the policy outcome. This mechanismic explanation permits to fully comprehend the scope of the thiamethoxam risk regulation regime and its functioning in regards to the use of knowledge in risk assessment and management. Finally, the case-study exposes some persistent trends within the French precautionary regime and the ways in which the various stakeholders have tried to influence the policy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44911534" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea41a52378da7d8d8d0c8cd661c1b86c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65433428,"asset_id":44911534,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65433428/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1058789" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/ClementTracol">Clement Tracol</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1058789" type="text/json">{"id":1058789,"first_name":"Clement","last_name":"Tracol","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"ClementTracol","display_name":"Clement Tracol","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/ClementTracol?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1058789/871778/21363744/s65_clement.tracol.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44911534 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44911534"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44911534, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44911534", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44911534]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44911534").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44911534").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44911534"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22309" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Risk_Assesment">Environmental Risk Assesment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22309" type="text/json">{"id":22309,"name":"Environmental Risk Assesment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Risk_Assesment?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29841" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy_Analysis">Public Policy Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29841" type="text/json">{"id":29841,"name":"Public Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="87108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Issues">Environmental Issues</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="87108" type="text/json">{"id":87108,"name":"Environmental Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Issues?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44911534]'), work: {"id":44911534,"title":"What explanations account for the ban of thiamethoxam in the risk regulation regime of neonicotinoid pesticides in France","created_at":"2021-01-15T09:22:15.522-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44911534/What_explanations_account_for_the_ban_of_thiamethoxam_in_the_risk_regulation_regime_of_neonicotinoid_pesticides_in_France?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_44911534","summary":"This research describes and analyses the processes that lead to the 2012 ban of thiamethoxam in France. Ecological systems are complex and characterized by a low understanding of their probability of risk occurrence and impact of risk outcome. In such type of risk situation, the structures and processes for collective decision-making involving governmental and non-governmental actors face the three major challenges of: complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity. Using risk regulation regime as an analytical framework, this study highlights the various mechanisms that explain the policy outcome. This mechanismic explanation permits to fully comprehend the scope of the thiamethoxam risk regulation regime and its functioning in regards to the use of knowledge in risk assessment and management. Finally, the case-study exposes some persistent trends within the French precautionary regime and the ways in which the various stakeholders have tried to influence the policy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65433428,"asset_id":44911534,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1058789,"first_name":"Clement","last_name":"Tracol","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"ClementTracol","display_name":"Clement Tracol","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/ClementTracol?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1058789/871778/21363744/s65_clement.tracol.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":22309,"name":"Environmental Risk Assesment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Risk_Assesment?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":29841,"name":"Public Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":87108,"name":"Environmental Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Issues?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":87422,"name":"Risk governance and regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_governance_and_regulation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":313252,"name":"Policy Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Evaluation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1629947,"name":"Thiamethoxam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thiamethoxam?f_ri=5056"},{"id":2029124,"name":"Neonicotinoid Pesticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonicotinoid_Pesticides?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39784643" data-work_id="39784643" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39784643/The_Chemical_Anthropocene_Glyphosate_as_a_Case_Study_of_Pesticide_Exposures">The Chemical Anthropocene: Glyphosate as a Case Study of Pesticide Exposures</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Part of the Pandora’s Box of unique changes humans have wreaked upon our environment with industrialization which has brought about the Anthropocene, is the unleashing of chemicals in the environment that harm humans and other organisms.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39784643" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Part of the Pandora’s Box of unique changes humans have wreaked upon our environment with industrialization which has brought about the Anthropocene, is the unleashing of chemicals in the environment that harm humans and other organisms. As an example, since World War II, US chemical production has increased by 15 times, currently producing 30,000 pounds of chemicals per resident each year. Severe regulatory gaps exist, however, between rigorously testing these chemicals, and their legal production and toxicity in our environment. This article examines the most used agricultural chemical globally and the active ingredient in Monsanto’s herbicide RoundUp®,1 glyphosate, as a case study to analyze the overly-narrow approach of current legal frameworks for chemical evaluation and permissibility. We identify two principle problems in existing legal frameworks on pesticides: anthropocentrism and compartmentalization. Anthropocentric biases fail to take into account organisms outside of the Vitruvian Man version of the imaginary standard biologically and sociologically homogenous human subject, paying limited attention to susceptible nonhuman organisms such as amphibians, or vulnerable human populations such as pregnant mothers, infants, at the tails of the sensitivity curves for these chemicals. Such biases take as their model of analysis healthy and wealthy adults, and leave little buffer room for the diverse health sensitivities of humans or other organisms more susceptible to toxicity. By compartmentalizing testing of these chemicals to single populations, regulatory frameworks often tend to look at effects of chemicals in isolation, without considering synergistic effects. Synergistic effects from multiple chemical exposures often occur in populations (female, low-socioeconomic status, immigrant, children, etc.) least provisioned to defend against these chemicals—and with the least political and legal power to voice their injuries. We inquire: how are current laws and policies surrounding glyphosate creating a politics of exclusion? In answering this question, we mainly focus on regulatory frameworks for pesticides in Europe. Given that the EU legal framework is considered one of the most stringent systems for the authorization of pesticides in the world, we study this framework as a paradigmatic case. In this context, we explain how the re-evaluation of glyphosate has unleashed changing forces for the reform of the existing regulatory frameworks. We find that existing legal frameworks determine what constitutes a risk via standard models of sameness rather than acknowledgement of biological difference, as well as fail to take into account ecological analyses of chemical interactions with other extenuating environmental factors. A critical legal framework of prevention and subaltern participation is required to anticipate the problems of chemicals, replacing the current structure with a toxic-until-proven-safe model. <br /> <br /><a href="https://plu.mx/ssrn/a/?ssrn_id=3413272" rel="nofollow">https://plu.mx/ssrn/a/?ssrn_id=3413272</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39784643" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0e9bbb5713a1ce0241444eb03c4e4827" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60668006,"asset_id":39784643,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60668006/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="160693" href="https://eur.academia.edu/YogiHendlin">Yogi H Hendlin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="160693" type="text/json">{"id":160693,"first_name":"Yogi","last_name":"Hendlin","domain_name":"eur","page_name":"YogiHendlin","display_name":"Yogi H Hendlin","profile_url":"https://eur.academia.edu/YogiHendlin?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/160693/41194/11144004/s65_yogi.hendlin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39784643 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39784643"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39784643, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39784643", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39784643 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39784643; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39784643"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39784643 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39784643"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39784643; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39784643]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39784643").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39784643").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39784643"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2575" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law">International Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2575" type="text/json">{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4497" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Ecology">Chemical Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4497" type="text/json">{"id":4497,"name":"Chemical Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Ecology?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union">European Union</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10347" type="text/json">{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39784643]'), work: {"id":39784643,"title":"The Chemical Anthropocene: Glyphosate as a Case Study of Pesticide Exposures","created_at":"2019-07-09T16:38:08.785-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39784643/The_Chemical_Anthropocene_Glyphosate_as_a_Case_Study_of_Pesticide_Exposures?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_39784643","summary":"Part of the Pandora’s Box of unique changes humans have wreaked upon our environment with industrialization which has brought about the Anthropocene, is the unleashing of chemicals in the environment that harm humans and other organisms. As an example, since World War II, US chemical production has increased by 15 times, currently producing 30,000 pounds of chemicals per resident each year. Severe regulatory gaps exist, however, between rigorously testing these chemicals, and their legal production and toxicity in our environment. This article examines the most used agricultural chemical globally and the active ingredient in Monsanto’s herbicide RoundUp®,1 glyphosate, as a case study to analyze the overly-narrow approach of current legal frameworks for chemical evaluation and permissibility. We identify two principle problems in existing legal frameworks on pesticides: anthropocentrism and compartmentalization. Anthropocentric biases fail to take into account organisms outside of the Vitruvian Man version of the imaginary standard biologically and sociologically homogenous human subject, paying limited attention to susceptible nonhuman organisms such as amphibians, or vulnerable human populations such as pregnant mothers, infants, at the tails of the sensitivity curves for these chemicals. Such biases take as their model of analysis healthy and wealthy adults, and leave little buffer room for the diverse health sensitivities of humans or other organisms more susceptible to toxicity. By compartmentalizing testing of these chemicals to single populations, regulatory frameworks often tend to look at effects of chemicals in isolation, without considering synergistic effects. Synergistic effects from multiple chemical exposures often occur in populations (female, low-socioeconomic status, immigrant, children, etc.) least provisioned to defend against these chemicals—and with the least political and legal power to voice their injuries. We inquire: how are current laws and policies surrounding glyphosate creating a politics of exclusion? In answering this question, we mainly focus on regulatory frameworks for pesticides in Europe. Given that the EU legal framework is considered one of the most stringent systems for the authorization of pesticides in the world, we study this framework as a paradigmatic case. In this context, we explain how the re-evaluation of glyphosate has unleashed changing forces for the reform of the existing regulatory frameworks. We find that existing legal frameworks determine what constitutes a risk via standard models of sameness rather than acknowledgement of biological difference, as well as fail to take into account ecological analyses of chemical interactions with other extenuating environmental factors. A critical legal framework of prevention and subaltern participation is required to anticipate the problems of chemicals, replacing the current structure with a toxic-until-proven-safe model.\r\n\r\nhttps://plu.mx/ssrn/a/?ssrn_id=3413272","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60668006,"asset_id":39784643,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":160693,"first_name":"Yogi","last_name":"Hendlin","domain_name":"eur","page_name":"YogiHendlin","display_name":"Yogi H Hendlin","profile_url":"https://eur.academia.edu/YogiHendlin?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/160693/41194/11144004/s65_yogi.hendlin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":4497,"name":"Chemical Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Ecology?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=5056"},{"id":18959,"name":"Pesticide ecotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticide_ecotoxicology?f_ri=5056"},{"id":60486,"name":"Chemicals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemicals?f_ri=5056"},{"id":85437,"name":"Pesticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticides?f_ri=5056"},{"id":223073,"name":"Herbicides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbicides?f_ri=5056"},{"id":416537,"name":"Chemical Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Industry?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1664040,"name":"Herbicidas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbicidas?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_960816" data-work_id="960816" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/960816/Non_Contractual_Liability_as_an_Instrument_for_Regulating_Nano_and_New_Technologies_A_thorough_review_using_national_and_European_Union_tort_law">Non-Contractual Liability as an Instrument for Regulating Nano and New Technologies – A thorough review using national and European Union tort law</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The novel properties yielded by nanoparticles’ physico-characteristics, and the benefits associated with them, have for some time now raised concerns over long-term health impact and potential risks. This article examines the suitability... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_960816" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The novel properties yielded by nanoparticles’ physico-characteristics, and the benefits associated with them, have for some time now raised concerns over long-term health impact and potential risks. This article examines the suitability of non-contractual liability, as a regulatory instrument to deal with potential harm/damage that may be caused by engineered non-biodegradable/insoluble free nanoparticles, nanomaterials and products incorporating them, in a European context. It does so by employing an Environment, Health and Safety framework i.e. catering for reparation in occupational health and safety, product liability, and environmental damage scenarios. Delving into the rigours of tort law and case law in the EU, aiming to elucidate ius commune stances, the article explores the application of the OHS Framework Directive, the Product Liability Directive and the Environmental Liability Directive (albeit to a lesser extent). Insights are taken from cases (and regulation) primarily dealing with asbestos and genetically modified organisms.<br /> <br />In the development of a regulatory framework for nanotechnologies, and other emerging technologies more generally, is non-contractual liability a good muscle to flex in the regulator’s stratagem? With all the unknowns that come with the ‘new’, is the law of (qausi) delict capable of meeting its aims - tempering, with caution, nanotechnologies’ use and proliferation? This article seeks to answer these questions in more than just general terms. In reviewing the detailed application of the law of torts in Europe, we offer in-depth insight into tort law’s ultimate (in)suitability for regulating new technologies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/960816" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7550aacee0195f36f0ac2aa2a591bedd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":5872858,"asset_id":960816,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5872858/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="797446" href="https://kuleuven.academia.edu/CherylMicallefBorg">Cheryl Micallef-Borg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="797446" type="text/json">{"id":797446,"first_name":"Cheryl","last_name":"Micallef-Borg","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"CherylMicallefBorg","display_name":"Cheryl Micallef-Borg","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/CherylMicallefBorg?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/797446/272975/322669/s65_cheryl.micallef-borg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_960816 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="960816"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 960816, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_960816", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_960816 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 960816; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_960816"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_960816 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="960816"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 960816; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=960816]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_960816").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_960816").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="960816"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1307" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Law">Environmental Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1307" type="text/json">{"id":1307,"name":"Environmental Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15325" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Torts">Torts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15325" type="text/json">{"id":15325,"name":"Torts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Torts?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17733" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotechnology">Nanotechnology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17733" type="text/json">{"id":17733,"name":"Nanotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotechnology?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=960816]'), work: {"id":960816,"title":"Non-Contractual Liability as an Instrument for Regulating Nano and New Technologies – A thorough review using national and European Union tort law","created_at":"2011-09-28T19:40:35.743-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/960816/Non_Contractual_Liability_as_an_Instrument_for_Regulating_Nano_and_New_Technologies_A_thorough_review_using_national_and_European_Union_tort_law?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_960816","summary":"The novel properties yielded by nanoparticles’ physico-characteristics, and the benefits associated with them, have for some time now raised concerns over long-term health impact and potential risks. This article examines the suitability of non-contractual liability, as a regulatory instrument to deal with potential harm/damage that may be caused by engineered non-biodegradable/insoluble free nanoparticles, nanomaterials and products incorporating them, in a European context. It does so by employing an Environment, Health and Safety framework i.e. catering for reparation in occupational health and safety, product liability, and environmental damage scenarios. Delving into the rigours of tort law and case law in the EU, aiming to elucidate ius commune stances, the article explores the application of the OHS Framework Directive, the Product Liability Directive and the Environmental Liability Directive (albeit to a lesser extent). Insights are taken from cases (and regulation) primarily dealing with asbestos and genetically modified organisms.\n \nIn the development of a regulatory framework for nanotechnologies, and other emerging technologies more generally, is non-contractual liability a good muscle to flex in the regulator’s stratagem? With all the unknowns that come with the ‘new’, is the law of (qausi) delict capable of meeting its aims - tempering, with caution, nanotechnologies’ use and proliferation? This article seeks to answer these questions in more than just general terms. In reviewing the detailed application of the law of torts in Europe, we offer in-depth insight into tort law’s ultimate (in)suitability for regulating new technologies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":5872858,"asset_id":960816,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":797446,"first_name":"Cheryl","last_name":"Micallef-Borg","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"CherylMicallefBorg","display_name":"Cheryl Micallef-Borg","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/CherylMicallefBorg?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/797446/272975/322669/s65_cheryl.micallef-borg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1307,"name":"Environmental Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":15325,"name":"Torts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Torts?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":17733,"name":"Nanotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotechnology?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":50284,"name":"Product liability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Product_liability?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21350570" data-work_id="21350570" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21350570/Volkswagen_le_commerce_et_les_seuils_GES_la_r%C3%A9gulation_des_produits_mise_%C3%A0_mal">Volkswagen, le commerce et les seuils GES: la régulation des produits mise à mal</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">L’auteure aborde le scandale Volkswagen à travers le prisme de la régulation des produits. L’angle d’analyse met en relief les problèmes que soulèvent l’autoréglementation et son double : le retrait de l’État de la vie économique. Ce... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21350570" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">L’auteure aborde le scandale Volkswagen à travers le prisme de la régulation des produits. L’angle d’analyse met en relief les problèmes que soulèvent l’autoréglementation et son double : le retrait de l’État de la vie économique. Ce schéma normatif qu’alimentent les accords commerciaux contemporains illustre l’impératif d’assurer la sécurité des produits par d’autres mécanismes, à l’heure même où le principe de reconnaissance mutuelle s’étend graduellement aux évaluations nationales de conformité législative.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21350570" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="628a5b00eee60c6521f454fdd5774fc4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41828252,"asset_id":21350570,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41828252/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2826749" href="https://ulaval.academia.edu/MarieEveArbour">Marie-Eve Arbour</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2826749" type="text/json">{"id":2826749,"first_name":"Marie-Eve","last_name":"Arbour","domain_name":"ulaval","page_name":"MarieEveArbour","display_name":"Marie-Eve Arbour","profile_url":"https://ulaval.academia.edu/MarieEveArbour?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2826749/10810679/33192663/s65_marie-eve.arbour.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21350570 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21350570"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21350570, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21350570", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21350570 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21350570; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21350570"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21350570 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21350570"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21350570; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21350570]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21350570").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21350570").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21350570"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="650850" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Product_safety_and_liability">Product safety and liability</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="650850" type="text/json">{"id":650850,"name":"Product safety and liability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Product_safety_and_liability?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21350570]'), work: {"id":21350570,"title":"Volkswagen, le commerce et les seuils GES: la régulation des produits mise à mal","created_at":"2016-01-31T18:54:36.621-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21350570/Volkswagen_le_commerce_et_les_seuils_GES_la_r%C3%A9gulation_des_produits_mise_%C3%A0_mal?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_21350570","summary":"L’auteure aborde le scandale Volkswagen à travers le prisme de la régulation des produits. L’angle d’analyse met en relief les problèmes que soulèvent l’autoréglementation et son double : le retrait de l’État de la vie économique. Ce schéma normatif qu’alimentent les accords commerciaux contemporains illustre l’impératif d’assurer la sécurité des produits par d’autres mécanismes, à l’heure même où le principe de reconnaissance mutuelle s’étend graduellement aux évaluations nationales de conformité législative. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41828252,"asset_id":21350570,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2826749,"first_name":"Marie-Eve","last_name":"Arbour","domain_name":"ulaval","page_name":"MarieEveArbour","display_name":"Marie-Eve Arbour","profile_url":"https://ulaval.academia.edu/MarieEveArbour?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2826749/10810679/33192663/s65_marie-eve.arbour.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":650850,"name":"Product safety and liability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Product_safety_and_liability?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1207158" data-work_id="1207158" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1207158/Embeddedness_through_Networks_A_Critical_Appraisal_of_the_Network_Concept_in_the_Oeuvre_of_Karl_Heinz_Ladeur">Embeddedness through Networks-A Critical Appraisal of the Network Concept in the Oeuvre of Karl-Heinz Ladeur</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The concept of “network” has become the most central concept within the work of Karl‐Heinz Ladeur (KHL). It is an omnibus concept which he uses to extrapolate insights at all levels: It is used to provide a general framework at the level... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1207158" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The concept of “network” has become the most central concept within the work of Karl‐Heinz Ladeur (KHL). It is an omnibus concept which he uses to extrapolate insights at all levels: It is used to provide a general framework at the level of Gesellschaftstheorie (social theory) in the sense that it provides insights into the general structure of society and thereby into the context within which legal processes unfold. At the level of organizational theory it provides a basis for understanding the transformation of organizational structures as it unfolds through the breakdown of hierarchy and the boundaries between the private and the public, just as the network concept plays an important role in its attempt to formulate a legal theory which is adequate for a society which, according to KHL, has become postmodern. <br />This article seeks to critically examine the function and “added value” of KHL’s network concept in relation to the European integration and constitutionalization process. It is argued that the concept provides a very useful overall framework, but that its usefulness might be enhanced when combined with more concrete studies of the actual function of networks in the EU context, just as the network concept should be more directly combined with an attempt to develop a conceptual framework for the juridification of networks.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1207158" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="548a88a1301513b995ce031598c6739e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37962278,"asset_id":1207158,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37962278/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1103134" href="https://cbs.academia.edu/PoulFKjaer">Poul F. Kjaer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1103134" type="text/json">{"id":1103134,"first_name":"Poul F.","last_name":"Kjaer","domain_name":"cbs","page_name":"PoulFKjaer","display_name":"Poul F. 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It is an omnibus concept which he uses to extrapolate insights at all levels: It is used to provide a general framework at the level of Gesellschaftstheorie (social theory) in the sense that it provides insights into the general structure of society and thereby into the context within which legal processes unfold. At the level of organizational theory it provides a basis for understanding the transformation of organizational structures as it unfolds through the breakdown of hierarchy and the boundaries between the private and the public, just as the network concept plays an important role in its attempt to formulate a legal theory which is adequate for a society which, according to KHL, has become postmodern.\r\nThis article seeks to critically examine the function and “added value” of KHL’s network concept in relation to the European integration and constitutionalization process. It is argued that the concept provides a very useful overall framework, but that its usefulness might be enhanced when combined with more concrete studies of the actual function of networks in the EU context, just as the network concept should be more directly combined with an attempt to develop a conceptual framework for the juridification of networks.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37962278,"asset_id":1207158,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1103134,"first_name":"Poul F.","last_name":"Kjaer","domain_name":"cbs","page_name":"PoulFKjaer","display_name":"Poul F. 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Law as a Social System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Theory._Niklas_Luhmann._Law_as_a_Social_System?f_ri=5056"},{"id":583397,"name":"Parsons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parsons?f_ri=5056"},{"id":612651,"name":"Droit Européen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Droit_Europ%C3%A9en?f_ri=5056"},{"id":636720,"name":"Droit De L'Union Européenne","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Droit_De_LUnion_Europeenne?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38634237" data-work_id="38634237" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38634237/On_giving_account_and_taking_things_into_account_The_case_of_Glyphosate">On giving account and taking things into account: The case of Glyphosate</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38634237" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="95fe108f702661ceadfc41145976db74" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58711951,"asset_id":38634237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58711951/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1677162" href="https://brunel.academia.edu/VescoPaskalev">Vesco Paskalev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1677162" type="text/json">{"id":1677162,"first_name":"Vesco","last_name":"Paskalev","domain_name":"brunel","page_name":"VescoPaskalev","display_name":"Vesco Paskalev","profile_url":"https://brunel.academia.edu/VescoPaskalev?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1677162/580584/23427356/s65_vesco.paskalev.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38634237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38634237"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38634237, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38634237", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38634237]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38634237").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38634237").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38634237"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38634237]'), work: {"id":38634237,"title":"On giving account and taking things into account: The case of Glyphosate","created_at":"2019-03-26T03:28:17.222-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38634237/On_giving_account_and_taking_things_into_account_The_case_of_Glyphosate?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_38634237","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58711951,"asset_id":38634237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1677162,"first_name":"Vesco","last_name":"Paskalev","domain_name":"brunel","page_name":"VescoPaskalev","display_name":"Vesco Paskalev","profile_url":"https://brunel.academia.edu/VescoPaskalev?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1677162/580584/23427356/s65_vesco.paskalev.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1089941" data-work_id="1089941" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1089941/Co%C5%9Fkun_Yener_2013_Financial_engineering_and_engineering_of_financial_regulation_Guidance_for_compliance_and_risk_management_departments_Journal_of_Securities_Operations_and_Custody_6_3_81_94">Coşkun, Yener. (2013). Financial engineering and engineering of financial regulation: Guidance for compliance and risk management departments. Journal of Securities Operations & Custody 6 (3): 81-94</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As observed in at least the last two decades, financial engineering has not only changed the way in which business is conducted in the finance world, but also the daily life of the average citizen in the leading economies. Structured... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1089941" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As observed in at least the last two decades, financial engineering has not only changed the way in which business is conducted in the finance world, but also the daily life of the average citizen in the leading economies. Structured products have been deemed weapons of mass destruction in some post-crisis comments, but it is fair to say that few people could understand the nature and risks of these instruments before the crisis. In this paper, the author analyses how regulators failed to understand/manage the risks of financially engineered products during/before the global financial crisis. After defining the risks/benefits, the measures to enhance good regulatory governance in general and hence engineered products also are discussed. It is concluded, first, that engineered products have important benefits for the global economy, but that the regulatory/supervisory structure should be improved for better firm/system-wide risk management. Secondly, four components are recommended to improve the prudential regulatory/supervisory framework: to employ timely, effective action to balance sheet problems, to increase the effectiveness of firm/industry-wide risk management, to improve the independence and quality of prudential regulation and to increase the accountability of supervisors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1089941" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="71fb161754f28fbbef62490ad83d206a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38312847,"asset_id":1089941,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38312847/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="237408" href="https://spk.academia.edu/YenerCoskun">Yener Coşkun</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="237408" type="text/json">{"id":237408,"first_name":"Yener","last_name":"Coşkun","domain_name":"spk","page_name":"YenerCoskun","display_name":"Yener Coşkun","profile_url":"https://spk.academia.edu/YenerCoskun?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/237408/51983/10991986/s65_yener.co_kun.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1089941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1089941"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1089941, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1089941", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1089941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1089941; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1089941"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1089941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1089941"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1089941; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1089941]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1089941").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1089941").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1089941"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="748" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Economics">Financial Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="748" type="text/json">{"id":748,"name":"Financial Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Economics?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5521" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crisis_Management">Crisis Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5521" type="text/json">{"id":5521,"name":"Crisis Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crisis_Management?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1089941]'), work: {"id":1089941,"title":"Coşkun, Yener. (2013). Financial engineering and engineering of financial regulation: Guidance for compliance and risk management departments. Journal of Securities Operations \u0026 Custody 6 (3): 81-94","created_at":"2011-11-14T15:57:16.557-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1089941/Co%C5%9Fkun_Yener_2013_Financial_engineering_and_engineering_of_financial_regulation_Guidance_for_compliance_and_risk_management_departments_Journal_of_Securities_Operations_and_Custody_6_3_81_94?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_1089941","summary":"As observed in at least the last two decades, financial engineering has not only changed the way in which business is conducted in the finance world, but also the daily life of the average citizen in the leading economies. Structured products have been deemed weapons of mass destruction in some post-crisis comments, but it is fair to say that few people could understand the nature and risks of these instruments before the crisis. In this paper, the author analyses how regulators failed to understand/manage the risks of financially engineered products during/before the global financial crisis. After defining the risks/benefits, the measures to enhance good regulatory governance in general and hence engineered products also are discussed. It is concluded, first, that engineered products have important benefits for the global economy, but that the regulatory/supervisory structure should be improved for better firm/system-wide risk management. Secondly, four components are recommended to improve the prudential regulatory/supervisory framework: to employ timely, effective action to balance sheet problems, to increase the effectiveness of firm/industry-wide risk management, to improve the independence and quality of prudential regulation and to increase the accountability of supervisors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38312847,"asset_id":1089941,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":237408,"first_name":"Yener","last_name":"Coşkun","domain_name":"spk","page_name":"YenerCoskun","display_name":"Yener Coşkun","profile_url":"https://spk.academia.edu/YenerCoskun?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/237408/51983/10991986/s65_yener.co_kun.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":748,"name":"Financial Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Economics?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5521,"name":"Crisis Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crisis_Management?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":6908,"name":"Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking?f_ri=5056"},{"id":12119,"name":"Financial Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Engineering?f_ri=5056"},{"id":25116,"name":"International Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Finance?f_ri=5056"},{"id":45591,"name":"Financial Derivatives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Derivatives?f_ri=5056"},{"id":57228,"name":"Financial Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Regulation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":454037,"name":"Asset and investment valuation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asset_and_investment_valuation?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_384633" data-work_id="384633" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/384633/Public_Inquiries_in_the_Risk_Regulatory_State">Public Inquiries in the (Risk) Regulatory State</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article historically considers major public inquiries as an institution of the British regulatory state (Moran 2003), using recent data from parliamentary committees. Major inquiries draw upon judicial independence to restore... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_384633" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article historically considers major public inquiries as an institution of the British regulatory state (Moran 2003), using recent data from parliamentary committees. Major inquiries draw upon judicial independence to restore political authority. Despite their formally ‘public’ character major inquiries were more confined to matters internal to the state prior to the 1980s, reflecting the insularity of ‘club rule’ and invisibility of the actual ‘public’. Inquiries began to assume their modern form in the 1960s, but it was in the context of the need for new institutions that arose with the collapse of ‘club rule’ that inquiries have taken on new significance. Increased resort to them reflects not simply more events necessitating such a response, but a greater need for a mechanism with both a public orientation and formal independence. The paper suggests that inquiries may have become overburdened instruments, particularly in relation to an expectation to effectively eliminate risk.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/384633" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e517c371b8982ed027a8481ca52d3a69" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":1872819,"asset_id":384633,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1872819/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67408" href="https://kent.academia.edu/AdamBurgess">Adam Burgess</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67408" type="text/json">{"id":67408,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Burgess","domain_name":"kent","page_name":"AdamBurgess","display_name":"Adam Burgess","profile_url":"https://kent.academia.edu/AdamBurgess?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67408/18930/9018291/s65_adam.burgess.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_384633 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="384633"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 384633, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_384633", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_384633 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 384633; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_384633"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_384633 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="384633"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 384633; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=384633]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_384633").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_384633").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="384633"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3287" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance">Regulation And Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3287" type="text/json">{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9448" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Better_Regulation">Better Regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9448" type="text/json">{"id":9448,"name":"Better Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Better_Regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_And_Sociology_Of_Risk">Politics And Sociology Of Risk</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14540" type="text/json">{"id":14540,"name":"Politics And Sociology Of Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_And_Sociology_Of_Risk?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=384633]'), work: {"id":384633,"title":"Public Inquiries in the (Risk) Regulatory State","created_at":"2010-12-06T19:30:12.156-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/384633/Public_Inquiries_in_the_Risk_Regulatory_State?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_384633","summary":"This article historically considers major public inquiries as an institution of the British regulatory state (Moran 2003), using recent data from parliamentary committees. Major inquiries draw upon judicial independence to restore political authority. Despite their formally ‘public’ character major inquiries were more confined to matters internal to the state prior to the 1980s, reflecting the insularity of ‘club rule’ and invisibility of the actual ‘public’. Inquiries began to assume their modern form in the 1960s, but it was in the context of the need for new institutions that arose with the collapse of ‘club rule’ that inquiries have taken on new significance. Increased resort to them reflects not simply more events necessitating such a response, but a greater need for a mechanism with both a public orientation and formal independence. The paper suggests that inquiries may have become overburdened instruments, particularly in relation to an expectation to effectively eliminate risk.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":1872819,"asset_id":384633,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67408,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Burgess","domain_name":"kent","page_name":"AdamBurgess","display_name":"Adam Burgess","profile_url":"https://kent.academia.edu/AdamBurgess?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67408/18930/9018291/s65_adam.burgess.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":9448,"name":"Better Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Better_Regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":14540,"name":"Politics And Sociology Of Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_And_Sociology_Of_Risk?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":123111,"name":"Uk Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uk_Politics?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67636252" data-work_id="67636252" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67636252/The_Fraser_Institute_Conference_On_Economic_Freedom_The_Rule_of_Law_Part_II_The_Rule_of_Law_in_Crisis_with_notes_on_International_Financial_Regulations_">The Fraser Institute Conference On Economic Freedom The Rule of Law (Part II) The Rule of Law in Crisis -with notes on International Financial "Regulations"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">At a gathering of the world's leading Economists in 2001, post-September 11th, the agenda was to reconsider the meaning of the rule of law, in light of the extraordinary measures undertaken by the United States government, and demanded by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67636252" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">At a gathering of the world's leading Economists in 2001, post-September 11th, the agenda was to reconsider the meaning of the rule of law, in light of the extraordinary measures undertaken by the United States government, and demanded by the US from states of the world. Professor Gilbert Morris was selected to make the 'philosophical case' , to an audience that included 4 Nobel Laureates. The mood of the event was uncertain, as Dr. Friedman warned of: "a cloud of Orwellianism that could unravel the West's greatest achievements and set the stage for creeping autocracy". Professor Gary Becker of University of Chicago and Randy Barnett of NYU echoed these sentiments. Here below is the transcription of the lecture by Professor Morris to that august assemblage.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67636252" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="81764b6dd8c415630047f7a74d31646c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78382395,"asset_id":67636252,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78382395/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4192305" href="https://lse.academia.edu/GilbertMorris">H. E. Ambassador Gilbert Morris</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4192305" type="text/json">{"id":4192305,"first_name":"H. E. Ambassador Gilbert","last_name":"Morris","domain_name":"lse","page_name":"GilbertMorris","display_name":"H. E. Ambassador Gilbert Morris","profile_url":"https://lse.academia.edu/GilbertMorris?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4192305/1644086/1980882/s65_gilbert.morris.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67636252 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67636252"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67636252, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67636252", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67636252 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67636252; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67636252"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67636252 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67636252"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67636252; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67636252]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67636252").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67636252").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67636252"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7199" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/George_Orwell">George Orwell</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7199" type="text/json">{"id":7199,"name":"George Orwell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/George_Orwell?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10191" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Justice">Justice</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10191" type="text/json">{"id":10191,"name":"Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Justice?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67636252]'), work: {"id":67636252,"title":"The Fraser Institute Conference On Economic Freedom The Rule of Law (Part II) The Rule of Law in Crisis -with notes on International Financial \"Regulations\"","created_at":"2022-01-08T12:40:16.377-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67636252/The_Fraser_Institute_Conference_On_Economic_Freedom_The_Rule_of_Law_Part_II_The_Rule_of_Law_in_Crisis_with_notes_on_International_Financial_Regulations_?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_67636252","summary":"At a gathering of the world's leading Economists in 2001, post-September 11th, the agenda was to reconsider the meaning of the rule of law, in light of the extraordinary measures undertaken by the United States government, and demanded by the US from states of the world. Professor Gilbert Morris was selected to make the 'philosophical case' , to an audience that included 4 Nobel Laureates. The mood of the event was uncertain, as Dr. Friedman warned of: \"a cloud of Orwellianism that could unravel the West's greatest achievements and set the stage for creeping autocracy\". Professor Gary Becker of University of Chicago and Randy Barnett of NYU echoed these sentiments. Here below is the transcription of the lecture by Professor Morris to that august assemblage.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78382395,"asset_id":67636252,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4192305,"first_name":"H. E. Ambassador Gilbert","last_name":"Morris","domain_name":"lse","page_name":"GilbertMorris","display_name":"H. E. Ambassador Gilbert Morris","profile_url":"https://lse.academia.edu/GilbertMorris?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4192305/1644086/1980882/s65_gilbert.morris.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":7199,"name":"George Orwell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/George_Orwell?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":10191,"name":"Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Justice?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":14504,"name":"Regulatory Focus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulatory_Focus?f_ri=5056"},{"id":15419,"name":"Rule of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rule_of_Law?f_ri=5056"},{"id":39628,"name":"OECD","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OECD?f_ri=5056"},{"id":57435,"name":"WORLD ORDER","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WORLD_ORDER?f_ri=5056"},{"id":72325,"name":"Milton Friedman","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Milton_Friedman?f_ri=5056"},{"id":83860,"name":"Multilateralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multilateralism?f_ri=5056"},{"id":111320,"name":"Fairness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fairness?f_ri=5056"},{"id":172696,"name":"Financial Centres","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Centres?f_ri=5056"},{"id":323047,"name":"Global Economics and Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Economics_and_Finance?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1009502,"name":"Animal Farm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Farm?f_ri=5056"},{"id":2442063,"name":"Gilbert NMO Morris","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gilbert_NMO_Morris?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45101455" data-work_id="45101455" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45101455/_Laws_of_Fear_in_the_EU_Precautionary_Principle_and_Public_Health_Restrictions_to_Free_Movement_of_Persons_in_the_Time_of_COVID_19">‘Laws of Fear’ in the EU: Precautionary Principle and Public Health Restrictions to Free Movement of Persons in the Time of COVID-19</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">COVID-19 has demonstrated the fragility of EU free movement rules when faced with an unknown virus of such magnitude and strength that it threatens our lives, health systems, economies and society. The aim of this text is to show the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45101455" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">COVID-19 has demonstrated the fragility of EU free movement rules when faced with an unknown virus of such magnitude and strength that it threatens our lives, health systems, economies and society. The aim of this text is to show the dynamics between the threat of COVID-19 and the rules imposed as a response to the pandemic, which have impacted the functioning of the EU internal market and the Schengen area. The text will concentrate on the application of precautionary principle and public health restrictions, caused by COVID-19, to free movement of persons in the EU. The analysis will lead to three conclusions. First, it will be shown that the decisions to apply free movement restrictions and the logic followed in the EU COVID-19-related documents can be viewed as a triumph of precautionary principle. Second, it will be argued that the implementation of precautionary principle has a transformative effect on the application of the principle of proportionality in EU law. Finally, it will be shown that COVID-19 has emphasized and increased the difference between the conditions for the applicability of public health restrictions, when compared to restrictions based on public policy and public security grounds.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45101455" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="af6d04c051c8ac1690bd0b0a400aa61a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65665134,"asset_id":45101455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65665134/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="244783" href="https://prvo.academia.edu/IrisGoldnerLang">Iris Goldner lang</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="244783" type="text/json">{"id":244783,"first_name":"Iris","last_name":"Goldner lang","domain_name":"prvo","page_name":"IrisGoldnerLang","display_name":"Iris Goldner lang","profile_url":"https://prvo.academia.edu/IrisGoldnerLang?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/244783/40611366/33200172/s65_iris.goldner_lang.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45101455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45101455"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45101455, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45101455", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45101455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45101455; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45101455"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45101455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45101455"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45101455; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45101455]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45101455").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45101455").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45101455"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1306" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law">European Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1306" type="text/json">{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45101455]'), work: {"id":45101455,"title":"‘Laws of Fear’ in the EU: Precautionary Principle and Public Health Restrictions to Free Movement of Persons in the Time of COVID-19","created_at":"2021-02-11T08:46:28.377-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45101455/_Laws_of_Fear_in_the_EU_Precautionary_Principle_and_Public_Health_Restrictions_to_Free_Movement_of_Persons_in_the_Time_of_COVID_19?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_45101455","summary":"COVID-19 has demonstrated the fragility of EU free movement rules when faced with an unknown virus of such magnitude and strength that it threatens our lives, health systems, economies and society. The aim of this text is to show the dynamics between the threat of COVID-19 and the rules imposed as a response to the pandemic, which have impacted the functioning of the EU internal market and the Schengen area. The text will concentrate on the application of precautionary principle and public health restrictions, caused by COVID-19, to free movement of persons in the EU. The analysis will lead to three conclusions. First, it will be shown that the decisions to apply free movement restrictions and the logic followed in the EU COVID-19-related documents can be viewed as a triumph of precautionary principle. Second, it will be argued that the implementation of precautionary principle has a transformative effect on the application of the principle of proportionality in EU law. Finally, it will be shown that COVID-19 has emphasized and increased the difference between the conditions for the applicability of public health restrictions, when compared to restrictions based on public policy and public security grounds. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65665134,"asset_id":45101455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":244783,"first_name":"Iris","last_name":"Goldner lang","domain_name":"prvo","page_name":"IrisGoldnerLang","display_name":"Iris Goldner lang","profile_url":"https://prvo.academia.edu/IrisGoldnerLang?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/244783/40611366/33200172/s65_iris.goldner_lang.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":8012,"name":"European Union Citizenship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Citizenship?f_ri=5056"},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=5056"},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=5056"},{"id":15167,"name":"European Union Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Law?f_ri=5056"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=5056"},{"id":16928,"name":"European Union (International Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_International_Studies_?f_ri=5056"},{"id":20224,"name":"EU Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EU_Law?f_ri=5056"},{"id":22182,"name":"Precautionary Principle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precautionary_Principle?f_ri=5056"},{"id":27137,"name":"European Union Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Politics?f_ri=5056"},{"id":75826,"name":"Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europe?f_ri=5056"},{"id":234974,"name":"Freedom of movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freedom_of_movement?f_ri=5056"},{"id":414077,"name":"Proportionality Principle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proportionality_Principle?f_ri=5056"},{"id":434718,"name":"Freedom of movement (EU Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freedom_of_movement_EU_Law_?f_ri=5056"},{"id":530058,"name":"European Union health law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_health_law?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_973220" data-work_id="973220" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/973220/Bounded_Practices_in_Knowledge_Production_Produce_Vulnerabilities_in_Safety_case_Regulation">Bounded Practices in Knowledge Production Produce Vulnerabilities in Safety-case Regulation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/973220" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="79fb7f6636c8539be648cb4a9cfb0383" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30999639,"asset_id":973220,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30999639/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="113874" href="https://ivl.academia.edu/JohanMSanne">Johan M. Sanne</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="113874" type="text/json">{"id":113874,"first_name":"Johan M.","last_name":"Sanne","domain_name":"ivl","page_name":"JohanMSanne","display_name":"Johan M. Sanne","profile_url":"https://ivl.academia.edu/JohanMSanne?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/113874/85551/5365852/s65_johan_m..sanne.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_973220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="973220"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 973220, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_973220", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_973220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 973220; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_973220"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_973220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="973220"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 973220; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=973220]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_973220").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_973220").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="973220"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Learning">Organizational Learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2347" type="text/json">{"id":2347,"name":"Organizational Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Learning?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2489" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_and_Decision_Making">Policy Analysis and Decision Making</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2489" type="text/json">{"id":2489,"name":"Policy Analysis and Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_and_Decision_Making?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="193355" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Power_Plants_Safety">Nuclear Power Plants Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="193355" type="text/json">{"id":193355,"name":"Nuclear Power Plants Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Power_Plants_Safety?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=973220]'), work: {"id":973220,"title":"Bounded Practices in Knowledge Production Produce Vulnerabilities in Safety-case Regulation","created_at":"2011-10-03T01:40:35.839-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/973220/Bounded_Practices_in_Knowledge_Production_Produce_Vulnerabilities_in_Safety_case_Regulation?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_973220","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30999639,"asset_id":973220,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":113874,"first_name":"Johan M.","last_name":"Sanne","domain_name":"ivl","page_name":"JohanMSanne","display_name":"Johan M. Sanne","profile_url":"https://ivl.academia.edu/JohanMSanne?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/113874/85551/5365852/s65_johan_m..sanne.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2347,"name":"Organizational Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Learning?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":2489,"name":"Policy Analysis and Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_and_Decision_Making?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":193355,"name":"Nuclear Power Plants Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Power_Plants_Safety?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39867440" data-work_id="39867440" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39867440/Michele_Graziadei_La_regolazione_del_rischio_e_il_principio_di_precauzione_Stati_Uniti_ed_Europa_a_confronto">Michele Graziadei La regolazione del rischio e il principio di precauzione: Stati Uniti ed Europa a confronto</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">One of the oldest functions of the law is the regulation of risks generated by various human activities. In the contemporary age, technological and scientific progress raises new challenges in this respect. The institutional apparatus of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39867440" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">One of the oldest functions of the law is the regulation of risks generated by various human activities. In the contemporary age, technological<br />and scientific progress raises new challenges in this respect. The institutional apparatus of the most industrialized countries that responds to them reflects different approaches to risk regulation. This brings about regulatory conflicts that originate from different political inputs, economic interests, and cultural factors. This contribution highlights which inputs and factors operate to produce<br />those variations, as well as some patterns of hybridization that render these contrasts less acute.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39867440" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="40aa64993ffa406c0b873185b619414a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60050328,"asset_id":39867440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60050328/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13805339" href="https://unito.academia.edu/michelegraziadei">michele graziadei</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13805339" type="text/json">{"id":13805339,"first_name":"michele","last_name":"graziadei","domain_name":"unito","page_name":"michelegraziadei","display_name":"michele graziadei","profile_url":"https://unito.academia.edu/michelegraziadei?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13805339/78818744/67375734/s65_michele.graziadei.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39867440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39867440"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39867440, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39867440", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39867440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39867440; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39867440"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39867440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39867440"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39867440; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39867440]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39867440").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39867440").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39867440"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="546" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law">Comparative Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="546" type="text/json">{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39867440]'), work: {"id":39867440,"title":"Michele Graziadei La regolazione del rischio e il principio di precauzione: Stati Uniti ed Europa a confronto","created_at":"2019-07-18T12:25:56.056-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39867440/Michele_Graziadei_La_regolazione_del_rischio_e_il_principio_di_precauzione_Stati_Uniti_ed_Europa_a_confronto?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_39867440","summary":"One of the oldest functions of the law is the regulation of risks generated by various human activities. In the contemporary age, technological\nand scientific progress raises new challenges in this respect. The institutional apparatus of the most industrialized countries that responds to them reflects different approaches to risk regulation. This brings about regulatory conflicts that originate from different political inputs, economic interests, and cultural factors. This contribution highlights which inputs and factors operate to produce\nthose variations, as well as some patterns of hybridization that render these contrasts less acute.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60050328,"asset_id":39867440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13805339,"first_name":"michele","last_name":"graziadei","domain_name":"unito","page_name":"michelegraziadei","display_name":"michele graziadei","profile_url":"https://unito.academia.edu/michelegraziadei?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13805339/78818744/67375734/s65_michele.graziadei.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25686618" data-work_id="25686618" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25686618/Emotions_Values_and_the_Construction_of_Risk">Emotions, Values and the Construction of Risk</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25686618" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87aa52cfd6fd3f57f6cac2d6009fe94c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46027131,"asset_id":25686618,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46027131/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49034068" href="https://depaul.academia.edu/SBandes">Susan Bandes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49034068" type="text/json">{"id":49034068,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Bandes","domain_name":"depaul","page_name":"SBandes","display_name":"Susan Bandes","profile_url":"https://depaul.academia.edu/SBandes?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49034068/12983043/14955185/s65_susan.bandes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25686618 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25686618"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25686618, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25686618", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25686618 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25686618; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25686618"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25686618 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25686618"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25686618; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25686618]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25686618").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25686618").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25686618"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29781" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion_Theory">Emotion Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29781" type="text/json">{"id":29781,"name":"Emotion Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion_Theory?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="605185" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Law_and_Economics-1">Behavioral Law and Economics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="605185" type="text/json">{"id":605185,"name":"Behavioral Law and Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Law_and_Economics-1?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25686618]'), work: {"id":25686618,"title":"Emotions, Values and the Construction of Risk","created_at":"2016-05-28T14:49:01.104-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25686618/Emotions_Values_and_the_Construction_of_Risk?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_25686618","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46027131,"asset_id":25686618,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49034068,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Bandes","domain_name":"depaul","page_name":"SBandes","display_name":"Susan Bandes","profile_url":"https://depaul.academia.edu/SBandes?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49034068/12983043/14955185/s65_susan.bandes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":29781,"name":"Emotion Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion_Theory?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":605185,"name":"Behavioral Law and Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Law_and_Economics-1?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_598610" data-work_id="598610" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/598610/When_the_Chick_Hits_the_Fan_Representativeness_and_Reproducibility_in_Technological_Tests">When the Chick Hits the Fan: Representativeness and Reproducibility in Technological Tests</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Before a new turbojet engine design is approved, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) must assure themselves that, among many other things, the engine can safely ingest birds. They do this by mandating a series of well-defined - if... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_598610" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Before a new turbojet engine design is approved, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) must assure themselves that, among many other things, the engine can safely ingest birds. They do this by mandating a series of well-defined - if somewhat Pythonesque - ‘birdstrike tests’ through which the manufacturers can demonstrate the integrity of their engines. In principle, the tests are straightforward: engineers run an engine at high speed, launch birds into it, and watch to see if it explodes. In practice, the tests rest on a complex and contentious logic. In this paper I explore the debate that surrounds these tests, using it to illustrate the now-familiar idea that technological tests - like scientific experiments - unavoidably contain irreducible ambiguities that require judgments to bridge, and to show that these judgments can have real consequences. Having established this, I then explore how the FAA reconciles the unavoidable ambiguities with its need to determine, with a high degree of certainty, that the engines will be as safe as Congress requires. I argue that this reconciliation requires a careful balance between the opposing virtues of reproducibility and representativeness - and that this balance differs significantly from that in most scientific experiments, and from the common perception of what it ought to be.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/598610" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="58f27a35961aa2a05e2a2b65cc40c3c3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":12249814,"asset_id":598610,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/12249814/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="120452" href="https://bristol.academia.edu/JohnDowner">John Downer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="120452" type="text/json">{"id":120452,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Downer","domain_name":"bristol","page_name":"JohnDowner","display_name":"John Downer","profile_url":"https://bristol.academia.edu/JohnDowner?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/120452/85740/17181553/s65_john.downer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_598610 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="598610"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 598610, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_598610", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_598610 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 598610; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_598610"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_598610 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="598610"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 598610; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=598610]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_598610").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_598610").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="598610"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerospace_Engineering">Aerospace Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="88" type="text/json">{"id":88,"name":"Aerospace Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerospace_Engineering?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2993" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Knowledge">Sociology of Knowledge</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2993" type="text/json">{"id":2993,"name":"Sociology of Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Knowledge?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7054" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Construction_of_Technology">Social Construction of Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7054" type="text/json">{"id":7054,"name":"Social Construction of Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Construction_of_Technology?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=598610]'), work: {"id":598610,"title":"When the Chick Hits the Fan: Representativeness and Reproducibility in Technological Tests","created_at":"2011-05-19T04:02:58.255-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/598610/When_the_Chick_Hits_the_Fan_Representativeness_and_Reproducibility_in_Technological_Tests?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_598610","summary":"Before a new turbojet engine design is approved, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) must assure themselves that, among many other things, the engine can safely ingest birds. They do this by mandating a series of well-defined - if somewhat Pythonesque - ‘birdstrike tests’ through which the manufacturers can demonstrate the integrity of their engines. In principle, the tests are straightforward: engineers run an engine at high speed, launch birds into it, and watch to see if it explodes. In practice, the tests rest on a complex and contentious logic. In this paper I explore the debate that surrounds these tests, using it to illustrate the now-familiar idea that technological tests - like scientific experiments - unavoidably contain irreducible ambiguities that require judgments to bridge, and to show that these judgments can have real consequences. Having established this, I then explore how the FAA reconciles the unavoidable ambiguities with its need to determine, with a high degree of certainty, that the engines will be as safe as Congress requires. I argue that this reconciliation requires a careful balance between the opposing virtues of reproducibility and representativeness - and that this balance differs significantly from that in most scientific experiments, and from the common perception of what it ought to be.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":12249814,"asset_id":598610,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":120452,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Downer","domain_name":"bristol","page_name":"JohnDowner","display_name":"John Downer","profile_url":"https://bristol.academia.edu/JohnDowner?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/120452/85740/17181553/s65_john.downer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":88,"name":"Aerospace Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerospace_Engineering?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":2993,"name":"Sociology of Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Knowledge?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":7054,"name":"Social Construction of Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Construction_of_Technology?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":12100,"name":"Aviation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aviation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":12103,"name":"Aviation Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aviation_Safety?f_ri=5056"},{"id":410931,"name":"Birdstrike","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birdstrike?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10313328" data-work_id="10313328" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10313328/Risk_Regulation_and_Precaution">Risk Regulation & Precaution</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10313328" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c02d7b0325d40e8faa2f4eb85e1b5c1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36385498,"asset_id":10313328,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36385498/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24977872" href="https://qub.academia.edu/DieterPesendorfer">Dieter Pesendorfer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24977872" type="text/json">{"id":24977872,"first_name":"Dieter","last_name":"Pesendorfer","domain_name":"qub","page_name":"DieterPesendorfer","display_name":"Dieter Pesendorfer","profile_url":"https://qub.academia.edu/DieterPesendorfer?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10313328 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10313328"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10313328, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10313328", }); 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Based on focus groups with children and their parents, the authors explore the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_352680" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Children’s access to sexual knowledge has always been considered ‘risky’ and controversial due to the fraught relationship between childhood and sexuality. Based on focus groups with children and their parents, the authors explore the relationship between risk and regulation associated with providing children with accurate knowledge about sexuality. Two main issues are examined: parents’ anxieties associated with educating their children about sexuality; and how children actively build narratives around relationships and sexual knowledge based on the fragments of information available to them. The authors argue that dominant constructions of childhood and childhood innocence negate the effective education of children around sexuality, gender and ethical relationships. Additionally, they examine the tensions that exist for many parents around the discourse of child protection and the ways in which this impacts on their education of young children about sexual matters.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/352680" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="270446" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/CristynDavies">Cristyn Davies</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="270446" type="text/json">{"id":270446,"first_name":"Cristyn","last_name":"Davies","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CristynDavies","display_name":"Cristyn Davies","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CristynDavies?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/270446/56283/15264890/s65_cristyn.davies.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_352680 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="352680"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 352680, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_352680", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=352680]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_352680").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_352680").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="352680"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="699" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Queer_Studies">Queer Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="699" type="text/json">{"id":699,"name":"Queer Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Queer_Studies?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=352680]'), work: {"id":352680,"title":"Hatching babies and stork deliveries: Risk and regulation in the construction of children’s sexual knowledge","created_at":"2010-10-22T23:25:06.687-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/352680/Hatching_babies_and_stork_deliveries_Risk_and_regulation_in_the_construction_of_children_s_sexual_knowledge?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_352680","summary":"Children’s access to sexual knowledge has always been considered ‘risky’ and controversial due to the fraught relationship between childhood and sexuality. Based on focus groups with children and their parents, the authors explore the relationship between risk and regulation associated with providing children with accurate knowledge about sexuality. Two main issues are examined: parents’ anxieties associated with educating their children about sexuality; and how children actively build narratives around relationships and sexual knowledge based on the fragments of information available to them. The authors argue that dominant constructions of childhood and childhood innocence negate the effective education of children around sexuality, gender and ethical relationships. Additionally, they examine the tensions that exist for many parents around the discourse of child protection and the ways in which this impacts on their education of young children about sexual matters.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":270446,"first_name":"Cristyn","last_name":"Davies","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CristynDavies","display_name":"Cristyn Davies","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CristynDavies?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/270446/56283/15264890/s65_cristyn.davies.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":699,"name":"Queer Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Queer_Studies?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":974,"name":"Sociology of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education?f_ri=5056"},{"id":1231,"name":"Sociology of Children and Childhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Children_and_Childhood?f_ri=5056"},{"id":3114,"name":"Queer Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Queer_Theory?f_ri=5056"},{"id":3228,"name":"Early Years","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Years?f_ri=5056"},{"id":3454,"name":"Children and Families","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Children_and_Families?f_ri=5056"},{"id":3753,"name":"Early Childhood Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Childhood_Education?f_ri=5056"},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=5056"},{"id":4714,"name":"Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexuality?f_ri=5056"},{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=5056"},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056"},{"id":6748,"name":"Sociology of Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Risk?f_ri=5056"},{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=5056"},{"id":7034,"name":"Early Childhood Education Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Childhood_Education_Ethics?f_ri=5056"},{"id":7439,"name":"Risk and Vulnerability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Vulnerability?f_ri=5056"},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=5056"},{"id":9473,"name":"Children's Perceptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_Perceptions?f_ri=5056"},{"id":21639,"name":"Children's Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_Rights?f_ri=5056"},{"id":75858,"name":"Sex Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Education?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39314132 coauthored" data-work_id="39314132" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39314132/Valbonesi_C_Amato_A_Cerase_A_2019_The_INGV_Tsunami_Alert_Centre_analysis_of_the_responsibility_profiles_procedures_and_risk_communication_issues">Valbonesi C.; Amato, A; Cerase, A. (2019) The INGV Tsunami Alert Centre - analysis of the responsibility profiles, procedures and risk communication issues</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Italian Tsunami Warning Centre (Centro Allerta Tsunami, CAT) of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) operates to issue tsunami alert messages both to the Italian Civil Protection system and to several countries of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39314132" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Italian Tsunami Warning Centre (Centro Allerta Tsunami, CAT) of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) operates to issue tsunami alert messages both to the Italian Civil Protection system and to several countries of the Mediterranean. CAT-INGV started its activities as a candidate tsunami service provider in the framework of the ICG/NEAMTWS of IOC-UNESCO in 2013, to become operational in 2016. At national level, it operates since 2017 following the “SiAM” Prime Minister Directive, under the coordination of the Italian Civil Protection Department and together with ISPRA. In this paper we discuss the responsibilities of the CAT-INGV operators in the light of the Italian legal system, describing which are the critical aspects of the surveillance and issuance of the alerting messages, and trying to delineate the tools useful to limit legal problems for the operators in case of damaging events or false alarms.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39314132" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6fff8384b66f67125ed8c00f1385e4f5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59452397,"asset_id":39314132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59452397/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2506539" href="https://uniroma1.academia.edu/AndreaCerase">Andrea Cerase</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2506539" type="text/json">{"id":2506539,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Cerase","domain_name":"uniroma1","page_name":"AndreaCerase","display_name":"Andrea Cerase","profile_url":"https://uniroma1.academia.edu/AndreaCerase?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2506539/850828/10760932/s65_andrea.cerase.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-39314132">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-39314132"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unifi.academia.edu/CeciliaValbonesi">Cecilia Valbonesi</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-39314132'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-39314132').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39314132 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39314132"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39314132; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39314132]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39314132").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39314132").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39314132"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3995" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_management">Disaster risk management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3995" type="text/json">{"id":3995,"name":"Disaster risk management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_management?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3996" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Governance">Risk Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3996" type="text/json">{"id":3996,"name":"Risk Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Governance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7095" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crisis_Communication">Crisis Communication</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7095" type="text/json">{"id":7095,"name":"Crisis Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crisis_Communication?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39314132]'), work: {"id":39314132,"title":"Valbonesi C.; Amato, A; Cerase, A. (2019) The INGV Tsunami Alert Centre - analysis of the responsibility profiles, procedures and risk communication issues","created_at":"2019-05-30T06:16:04.372-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39314132/Valbonesi_C_Amato_A_Cerase_A_2019_The_INGV_Tsunami_Alert_Centre_analysis_of_the_responsibility_profiles_procedures_and_risk_communication_issues?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_39314132","summary":"The Italian Tsunami Warning Centre (Centro Allerta Tsunami, CAT) of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) operates to issue tsunami alert messages both to the Italian Civil Protection system and to several countries of the Mediterranean. CAT-INGV started its activities as a candidate tsunami service provider in the framework of the ICG/NEAMTWS of IOC-UNESCO in 2013, to become operational in 2016. At national level, it operates since 2017 following the “SiAM” Prime Minister Directive, under the coordination of the Italian Civil Protection Department and together with ISPRA. In this paper we discuss the responsibilities of the CAT-INGV operators in the light of the Italian legal system, describing which are the critical aspects of the surveillance and issuance of the alerting messages, and trying to delineate the tools useful to limit legal problems for the operators in case of damaging events or false alarms.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59452397,"asset_id":39314132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2506539,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Cerase","domain_name":"uniroma1","page_name":"AndreaCerase","display_name":"Andrea Cerase","profile_url":"https://uniroma1.academia.edu/AndreaCerase?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2506539/850828/10760932/s65_andrea.cerase.jpg"},{"id":32765948,"first_name":"Cecilia","last_name":"Valbonesi","domain_name":"unifi","page_name":"CeciliaValbonesi","display_name":"Cecilia Valbonesi","profile_url":"https://unifi.academia.edu/CeciliaValbonesi?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3995,"name":"Disaster risk management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_management?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":3996,"name":"Risk Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Governance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":7095,"name":"Crisis Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crisis_Communication?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":8618,"name":"Natural Hazards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Hazards?f_ri=5056"},{"id":13460,"name":"Risk communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_communication?f_ri=5056"},{"id":15816,"name":"Risk and Vulnerability - Natural Hazards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_and_Vulnerability_-_Natural_Hazards?f_ri=5056"},{"id":27085,"name":"Tsunami","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tsunami?f_ri=5056"},{"id":62208,"name":"Early Warning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Warning?f_ri=5056"},{"id":66947,"name":"Geo-hazards and early warning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geo-hazards_and_early_warning?f_ri=5056"},{"id":77981,"name":"Early Warning System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Warning_System?f_ri=5056"},{"id":82557,"name":"Disaster risk reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_risk_reduction?f_ri=5056"},{"id":92655,"name":"Natural Hazards and Risks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Hazards_and_Risks?f_ri=5056"},{"id":96333,"name":"Tsunami impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tsunami_impact?f_ri=5056"},{"id":124812,"name":"Tsunami Hazard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tsunami_Hazard?f_ri=5056"},{"id":130964,"name":"Earthquake Risk and Natural Hazard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Risk_and_Natural_Hazard?f_ri=5056"},{"id":135247,"name":"Tsunami Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tsunami_Research?f_ri=5056"},{"id":157257,"name":"Natural Hazard and Disaster Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Hazard_and_Disaster_Risk_Management?f_ri=5056"},{"id":186004,"name":"Culpability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culpability?f_ri=5056"},{"id":450951,"name":"Tsunami Warning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tsunami_Warning?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35176548 coauthored" data-work_id="35176548" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35176548/Credit_Creation_Reconciling_Legal_and_Regulatory_Incentives">Credit Creation: Reconciling Legal and Regulatory Incentives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As international organizations adopt new legal standards to promote access to credit through the modernization of national secured transactions law, the lack of coordination with regulatory standards for banking institutions thwarts the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35176548" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As international organizations adopt new legal standards to promote access to credit through the modernization of national secured transactions law, the lack of coordination with regulatory standards for banking institutions thwarts the effectiveness of these efforts. In recognizing the relevance of the problem, UNCITRAL - for the first time since its establishment - is currently considering how to coordinate secured transactions law reforms with the implementation of the Basel Accord. In a similar vein, the problem is currently approached by other international organisations. Although efforts at the national level to coordinate legal and regulatory standards are commendable, coordination between secured transactions law and capital requirements should be addressed at the highest level of the lawmaking process, i.e. when international soft-laws are defined.<br /><br />To advance this argument, the key functions of secured transactions law and capital requirements are isolated and a holistic understanding of the legal and regulatory rules governing the creation of credit is presented. The Article steers away from the idea that banks are mere intermediaries and offers a fresh understanding of the role of regulatory capital in controlling credit creation, through the management of risk. Within this context, the incentives created by secured transactions law and capital requirements are examined by comparing the capital charges for different credit protections, including credit derivatives and commercial loans to small business. First, it emerges that the implementation of new secured transactions law and the limited ability of security interests in personal property to reduce regulatory capital under the Basel Accords stimulate the creation of credit outside the banking system. Second, to control this phenomenon, the Article shows that it is essential to reconcile the incentive structures created by international legal and regulatory standards.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35176548" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cb8fcf36900c828cda7f81a58cf22023" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55037651,"asset_id":35176548,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55037651/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15873046" href="https://hku-hk.academia.edu/GiulianoCastellano">Giuliano G Castellano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15873046" type="text/json">{"id":15873046,"first_name":"Giuliano","last_name":"Castellano","domain_name":"hku-hk","page_name":"GiulianoCastellano","display_name":"Giuliano G Castellano","profile_url":"https://hku-hk.academia.edu/GiulianoCastellano?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-35176548">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-35176548"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarekDubovec">Marek Dubovec</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-35176548'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-35176548').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35176548 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35176548"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35176548, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35176548", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35176548 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35176548; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35176548"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35176548 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35176548"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35176548; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35176548]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35176548").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35176548").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35176548"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">30</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1694" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulatory_Compliance">Regulatory Compliance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1694" type="text/json">{"id":1694,"name":"Regulatory Compliance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulatory_Compliance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3287" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance">Regulation And Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3287" type="text/json">{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6908" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking">Banking</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6908" type="text/json">{"id":6908,"name":"Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35176548]'), work: {"id":35176548,"title":"Credit Creation: Reconciling Legal and Regulatory Incentives","created_at":"2017-11-17T15:04:02.962-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35176548/Credit_Creation_Reconciling_Legal_and_Regulatory_Incentives?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_35176548","summary":"As international organizations adopt new legal standards to promote access to credit through the modernization of national secured transactions law, the lack of coordination with regulatory standards for banking institutions thwarts the effectiveness of these efforts. In recognizing the relevance of the problem, UNCITRAL - for the first time since its establishment - is currently considering how to coordinate secured transactions law reforms with the implementation of the Basel Accord. In a similar vein, the problem is currently approached by other international organisations. Although efforts at the national level to coordinate legal and regulatory standards are commendable, coordination between secured transactions law and capital requirements should be addressed at the highest level of the lawmaking process, i.e. when international soft-laws are defined.\n\nTo advance this argument, the key functions of secured transactions law and capital requirements are isolated and a holistic understanding of the legal and regulatory rules governing the creation of credit is presented. The Article steers away from the idea that banks are mere intermediaries and offers a fresh understanding of the role of regulatory capital in controlling credit creation, through the management of risk. Within this context, the incentives created by secured transactions law and capital requirements are examined by comparing the capital charges for different credit protections, including credit derivatives and commercial loans to small business. First, it emerges that the implementation of new secured transactions law and the limited ability of security interests in personal property to reduce regulatory capital under the Basel Accords stimulate the creation of credit outside the banking system. Second, to control this phenomenon, the Article shows that it is essential to reconcile the incentive structures created by international legal and regulatory standards.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55037651,"asset_id":35176548,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15873046,"first_name":"Giuliano","last_name":"Castellano","domain_name":"hku-hk","page_name":"GiulianoCastellano","display_name":"Giuliano G Castellano","profile_url":"https://hku-hk.academia.edu/GiulianoCastellano?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":71829631,"first_name":"Marek","last_name":"Dubovec","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarekDubovec","display_name":"Marek Dubovec","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarekDubovec?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1694,"name":"Regulatory Compliance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulatory_Compliance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":6908,"name":"Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":13762,"name":"Banking and Finance law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking_and_Finance_law?f_ri=5056"},{"id":13972,"name":"Commercial Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commercial_Law?f_ri=5056"},{"id":14863,"name":"Banking Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking_Law?f_ri=5056"},{"id":21711,"name":"Law and Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Finance?f_ri=5056"},{"id":30855,"name":"Financial 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class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34515104/Varieties_of_risk_regulation_in_Europe_coordination_complementarity_and_occupational_safety_in_capitalist_welfare_states">Varieties of risk regulation in Europe: coordination, complementarity and occupational safety in capitalist welfare states</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article tests the extent to which the organization and stringency of occupational health and safety regulation complements the dominant mode of coordination in the political economy. While the UK explicitly sanctions... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34515104" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article tests the extent to which the organization and stringency of occupational health and safety regulation complements the dominant mode of coordination in the political economy. While the UK explicitly sanctions risk-cost-benefit trade-offs, other European countries mandate ambitious safety goals. That contrast appears to reflect cleavages identified in the Varieties of Capitalism literature, which suggests worker protection regimes are stronger in coordinated market economies than in liberal market economies. Our analysis of Germany, France, UK and the Netherlands, shows that the varied organization of their regulatory regimes is explained through a three-way complementarity with their welfare systems and modes of coordination. However, despite varied headline goals, we find no systematic differences in the stringency of those countries' regulatory protections insofar as they all make trade-offs on safety. Instead, the explicitness, rationalizations and logics of trade-offs vary according to each country's legal system, state tradition and coupling between regulation and welfare system.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34515104" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f14c1c79f1b31d640752cf7121d1aeb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54380185,"asset_id":34515104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54380185/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1938899" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/HenryRothstein">Henry Rothstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1938899" type="text/json">{"id":1938899,"first_name":"Henry","last_name":"Rothstein","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"HenryRothstein","display_name":"Henry Rothstein","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/HenryRothstein?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-34515104">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-34515104"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://kcl.academia.edu/DavidDemeritt">David Demeritt</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://harvard.academia.edu/ReginePaul">Regine Paul</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uni-bielefeld.academia.edu/MichaelHuber">Michael Huber</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-34515104'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-34515104').html(); 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While the UK explicitly sanctions risk-cost-benefit trade-offs, other European countries mandate ambitious safety goals. That contrast appears to reflect cleavages identified in the Varieties of Capitalism literature, which suggests worker protection regimes are stronger in coordinated market economies than in liberal market economies. Our analysis of Germany, France, UK and the Netherlands, shows that the varied organization of their regulatory regimes is explained through a three-way complementarity with their welfare systems and modes of coordination. However, despite varied headline goals, we find no systematic differences in the stringency of those countries' regulatory protections insofar as they all make trade-offs on safety. Instead, the explicitness, rationalizations and logics of trade-offs vary according to each country's legal system, state tradition and coupling between regulation and welfare system.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54380185,"asset_id":34515104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1938899,"first_name":"Henry","last_name":"Rothstein","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"HenryRothstein","display_name":"Henry Rothstein","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/HenryRothstein?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":3999764,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Demeritt","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"DavidDemeritt","display_name":"David Demeritt","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/DavidDemeritt?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3999764/2524751/2931028/s65_david.demeritt.jpg"},{"id":1245262,"first_name":"Regine","last_name":"Paul","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"ReginePaul","display_name":"Regine Paul","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/ReginePaul?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1245262/454285/19520098/s65_regine.paul.jpg"},{"id":27044089,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Huber","domain_name":"uni-bielefeld","page_name":"MichaelHuber","display_name":"Michael Huber","profile_url":"https://uni-bielefeld.academia.edu/MichaelHuber?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3996,"name":"Risk Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Governance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":47112,"name":"Varieties of Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Varieties_of_Capitalism?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":67366,"name":"Occupational health and safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_health_and_safety-2?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8145261" data-work_id="8145261" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8145261/Governing_Ignorance_Emerging_Catastrophic_Risks_Industry_Responses_and_Policy_Frictions">Governing Ignorance: Emerging Catastrophic Risks—Industry Responses and Policy Frictions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8145261" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c2418a36f1b8f6baede49564c7764007" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35248641,"asset_id":8145261,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35248641/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15873046" href="https://hku-hk.academia.edu/GiulianoCastellano">Giuliano G Castellano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15873046" type="text/json">{"id":15873046,"first_name":"Giuliano","last_name":"Castellano","domain_name":"hku-hk","page_name":"GiulianoCastellano","display_name":"Giuliano G Castellano","profile_url":"https://hku-hk.academia.edu/GiulianoCastellano?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8145261 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8145261"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8145261, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8145261", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8145261]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8145261").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8145261").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8145261"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurance_Law">Insurance Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3838" type="text/json">{"id":3838,"name":"Insurance Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurance_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12068" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management_Law_and_Insurance">Risk Management, Law & Insurance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12068" type="text/json">{"id":12068,"name":"Risk Management, Law \u0026 Insurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management_Law_and_Insurance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="80312" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catastrophic_Insurance_Derivatives">Catastrophic Insurance Derivatives</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="80312" type="text/json">{"id":80312,"name":"Catastrophic Insurance Derivatives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catastrophic_Insurance_Derivatives?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8145261]'), work: {"id":8145261,"title":"Governing Ignorance: Emerging Catastrophic Risks—Industry Responses and Policy Frictions","created_at":"2014-08-31T09:34:40.805-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8145261/Governing_Ignorance_Emerging_Catastrophic_Risks_Industry_Responses_and_Policy_Frictions?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_8145261","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35248641,"asset_id":8145261,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15873046,"first_name":"Giuliano","last_name":"Castellano","domain_name":"hku-hk","page_name":"GiulianoCastellano","display_name":"Giuliano G Castellano","profile_url":"https://hku-hk.academia.edu/GiulianoCastellano?f_ri=5056","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3838,"name":"Insurance Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurance_Law?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":12068,"name":"Risk Management, Law \u0026 Insurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management_Law_and_Insurance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":80312,"name":"Catastrophic Insurance Derivatives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catastrophic_Insurance_Derivatives?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false},{"id":127752,"name":"EU Competition Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EU_Competition_Law?f_ri=5056"},{"id":592139,"name":"Global Catastrophic Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Catastrophic_Risk?f_ri=5056"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_975257" data-work_id="975257" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/975257/Pharmaceutical_risk_communication_sources_of_uncertainty_and_legal_tools_of_uncertainty_management">Pharmaceutical risk communication: sources of uncertainty and legal tools of uncertainty management</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Risk communication has been generally categorized as a warning act, which is performed in order to prevent or minimize risk. On the other side, risk analysis has also underscored the role played by information in reducing uncertainty... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_975257" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Risk communication has been generally categorized as a warning act, which is performed in order to prevent or minimize risk. On the other side, risk analysis has also underscored the role played by information in reducing uncertainty about risk. In both approaches the safety aspects related to the protection of the right to health are on focus. However, it seems that there are cases where a risk cannot possibly be avoided or uncertainty reduced, this is for instance valid for the declaration of side effects associated with pharmaceutical products or when a decision about drug approval or retirement must be delivered on the available evidence. In these cases, risk communication seems to accomplish other tasks than preventing risk or reducing uncertainty. <br />The present paper analyzes the legal instruments which have been developed in order to control and manage the risks related to drugs  – such as the notion of “development risk” or “residual risk” – and relates them to different kinds of uncertainty. These are conceptualized as epistemic, ecological, metric, ethical, and stochastic, depending on their nature. By referring to this taxonomy, different functions of pharmaceutical risk communication are identified and  connected with the legal tools of uncertainty management. <br />The purpose is to distinguish the different functions of risk communication and make explicit their different legal nature and implications. <br /> <br />Keywords: Risk communication, risk management, risk epistemology, precautionary principle, residual risk, development risk, well founded suspicion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/975257" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="34470cc5ae39aee9ad618179d488ac5d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31271070,"asset_id":975257,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31271070/download_file?st=MTczMjgzMzYxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="184336" href="https://univpm.academia.edu/barbaraosimani">barbara osimani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="184336" type="text/json">{"id":184336,"first_name":"barbara","last_name":"osimani","domain_name":"univpm","page_name":"barbaraosimani","display_name":"barbara osimani","profile_url":"https://univpm.academia.edu/barbaraosimani?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/184336/79255/18289990/s65_barbara.osimani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_975257 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="975257"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 975257, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_975257", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=975257]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_975257").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_975257").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="975257"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3996" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Governance">Risk Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3996" type="text/json">{"id":3996,"name":"Risk Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Governance?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation">Risk regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5056" type="text/json">{"id":5056,"name":"Risk regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_regulation?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9436" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_risk">Philosophy of risk</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9436" type="text/json">{"id":9436,"name":"Philosophy of risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_risk?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12061" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management">Risk Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12061" type="text/json">{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=5056","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=975257]'), work: {"id":975257,"title":"Pharmaceutical risk communication: sources of uncertainty and legal tools of uncertainty management","created_at":"2011-10-03T17:23:16.032-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/975257/Pharmaceutical_risk_communication_sources_of_uncertainty_and_legal_tools_of_uncertainty_management?f_ri=5056","dom_id":"work_975257","summary":"Risk communication has been generally categorized as a warning act, which is performed in order to prevent or minimize risk. On the other side, risk analysis has also underscored the role played by information in reducing uncertainty about risk. In both approaches the safety aspects related to the protection of the right to health are on focus. However, it seems that there are cases where a risk cannot possibly be avoided or uncertainty reduced, this is for instance valid for the declaration of side effects associated with pharmaceutical products or when a decision about drug approval or retirement must be delivered on the available evidence. In these cases, risk communication seems to accomplish other tasks than preventing risk or reducing uncertainty. \r\nThe present paper analyzes the legal instruments which have been developed in order to control and manage the risks related to drugs – such as the notion of “development risk” or “residual risk” – and relates them to different kinds of uncertainty. These are conceptualized as epistemic, ecological, metric, ethical, and stochastic, depending on their nature. By referring to this taxonomy, different functions of pharmaceutical risk communication are identified and connected with the legal tools of uncertainty management.\r\nThe purpose is to distinguish the different functions of risk communication and make explicit their different legal nature and implications. \r\n\r\nKeywords: Risk communication, risk management, risk epistemology, precautionary principle, residual risk, development risk, well founded suspicion. \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31271070,"asset_id":975257,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":184336,"first_name":"barbara","last_name":"osimani","domain_name":"univpm","page_name":"barbaraosimani","display_name":"barbara osimani","profile_url":"https://univpm.academia.edu/barbaraosimani?f_ri=5056","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/184336/79255/18289990/s65_barbara.osimani.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3996,"name":"Risk 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