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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Working languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Working_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Voting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Membership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seats_by_party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seats_by_party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Seats by party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seats_by_party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population_per_seat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_per_seat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Population per seat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_per_seat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes and references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Council of States (Switzerland)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A4nderat" title="Ständerat – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ständerat" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_(%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7)" title="مجلس الولايات (سويسرا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجلس الولايات (سويسرا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cons%C3%A8ly_des_%C3%88tats" title="Consèly des Ètats – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Consèly des Ètats" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseyu_de_los_Estaos" title="Conseyu de los Estaos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Conseyu de los Estaos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consell_dels_Estats" title="Consell dels Estats – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Consell dels Estats" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantonr%C3%A5det" title="Kantonrådet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kantonrådet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A4nderat" title="Ständerat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ständerat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Ελβετικό Συμβούλιο των Κρατών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελβετικό Συμβούλιο των Κρατών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consejo_de_los_Estados" title="Consejo de los Estados – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Consejo de los Estados" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsilio_de_la_Kantonoj" title="Konsilio de la Kantonoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konsilio de la Kantonoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_des_%C3%89tats_(Suisse)" title="Conseil des États (Suisse) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Conseil des États (Suisse)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consello_dos_Estados" title="Consello dos Estados – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Consello dos Estados" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C" title="전주의회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전주의회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A4_(%D5%87%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%B5%D6%81%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Կանտոնների խորհուրդ (Շվեյցարիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կանտոնների խորհուրդ (Շվեյցարիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vije%C4%87e_dr%C5%BEava_%C5%A0vicarske" title="Vijeće država Švicarske – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vijeće država Švicarske" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Negara_Swiss" title="Dewan Negara Swiss – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dewan Negara Swiss" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consiglio_degli_Stati" title="Consiglio degli Stati – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Consiglio degli Stati" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consilium_Civitatum" title="Consilium Civitatum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Consilium Civitatum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantonsraad" title="Kantonsraad – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kantonsraad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%B7%9E%E8%AD%B0%E4%BC%9A" title="全州議会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="全州議会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rada_Kanton%C3%B3w" title="Rada Kantonów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rada Kantonów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conselho_dos_Estados_(Su%C3%AD%C3%A7a)" title="Conselho dos Estados (Suíça) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Conselho dos Estados (Suíça)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cussegl_dals_chantuns" title="Cussegl dals chantuns – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Cussegl dals chantuns" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Совет кантонов Швейцарии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Совет кантонов Швейцарии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Council of States (Switzerland)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Савет кантона Швајцарске – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Савет кантона Швајцарске" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveitsin_valtioneuvosto" title="Sveitsin valtioneuvosto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sveitsin valtioneuvosto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyaletler_Konseyi_(%C4%B0svi%C3%A7re)" title="Eyaletler Konseyi (İsviçre) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eyaletler Konseyi (İsviçre)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E9%99%A2_(%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB)" title="聯邦院 (瑞士) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聯邦院 (瑞士)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q609037#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Upper house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; border-top: 2px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Council of States</div> <br /><div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><div> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; font-size:88%; text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: 0px;"> </th></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: </th> <td><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Conseil des États</i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: </th> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ständerat</i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: </th> <td><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Consiglio degli Stati</i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: </th> <td><span title="Romansh-language text"><i lang="rm">Cussegl dals Stadis</i></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States_(2023%E2%80%932027)" title="List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2023–2027)">52nd Council of States</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swiss_Council_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Swiss_Council_Logo.svg/100px-Swiss_Council_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Swiss_Council_Logo.svg/150px-Swiss_Council_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Swiss_Council_Logo.svg/200px-Swiss_Council_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States" title="List of presidents of the Swiss Council of States">President</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Eva_Herzog" title="Eva Herzog">Eva Herzog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">SP/PS</a> <br />since 4 December 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">First Vice President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Caroni" title="Andrea Caroni">Andrea Caroni</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Liberals_(Switzerland)" title="The Liberals (Switzerland)">FDP/PLR</a> <br />since 4 December 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Second Vice President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Engler" title="Stefan Engler">Stefan Engler</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Centre_(political_party)" title="The Centre (political party)">The Centre</a> <br />since 4 December 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data">46</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Swiss_Council_of_State_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Swiss_Council_of_State_2023.svg/250px-Swiss_Council_of_State_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Swiss_Council_of_State_2023.svg/375px-Swiss_Council_of_State_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Swiss_Council_of_State_2023.svg/500px-Swiss_Council_of_State_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF9B00; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/The_Centre_(political_party)" title="The Centre (political party)">The Centre</a> (15)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0E52A0; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/The_Liberals_(Switzerland)" title="The Liberals (Switzerland)">FDP/PLR</a> (11)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E4002B; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">SP/PS</a> (9)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#009F4F; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">SVP/UDC</a> (6)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#84B414; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">GPS/PES</a> (3)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b4dc00; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">GLP/PVL</a> (1)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CE9D24; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Citizens%27_Movement" title="Geneva Citizens' Movement">MCG</a> (1)</dd></dl> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">Two-round system</a> (42 seats)<br /><a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">Proportional representation</a> (4 seats: <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">First election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1848_Swiss_federal_election" title="1848 Swiss federal election">1–27 October 1848</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2023_Swiss_federal_election" title="2023 Swiss federal election">22 October 2023 (first round)<br />11, 19 and 26 November 2023 (second round)</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundeshaus_-_St%C3%A4nderatssaal_-_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bundeshaus_-_St%C3%A4nderatssaal_-_001.jpg/220px-Bundeshaus_-_St%C3%A4nderatssaal_-_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bundeshaus_-_St%C3%A4nderatssaal_-_001.jpg/330px-Bundeshaus_-_St%C3%A4nderatssaal_-_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bundeshaus_-_St%C3%A4nderatssaal_-_001.jpg/440px-Bundeshaus_-_St%C3%A4nderatssaal_-_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="521" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Politics of Switzerland">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Politics of Switzerland">Politics of Switzerland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Human rights in Switzerland">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Federal Council</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Federal_Council" title="List of members of the Swiss Federal Council">Members</a> (by seniority) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Beat_Jans" title="Beat Jans">Beat Jans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guy_Parmelin" title="Guy Parmelin">Guy Parmelin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis" title="Ignazio Cassis">Ignazio Cassis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Viola_Amherd" title="Viola Amherd">Viola Amherd</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter" title="Karin Keller-Sutter">Karin Keller-Sutter</a> (Vice President)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_R%C3%B6sti" title="Albert Rösti">Albert Rösti</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Baume-Schneider" title="Élisabeth Baume-Schneider">Élisabeth Baume-Schneider</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Switzerland" title="Chancellor of Switzerland">Federal Chancellor</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Rossi" title="Viktor Rossi">Viktor Rossi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_administration_of_Switzerland" title="Federal administration of Switzerland">Federal administration</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Federal Assembly</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Council of States</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States_(2019%E2%80%9323)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2019–23)">members</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">National Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_National_Council_of_Switzerland,_2019%E2%80%9323" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the National Council of Switzerland, 2019–23">members</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Switzerland" title="List of political parties in Switzerland">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Switzerland" title="Elections in Switzerland">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_Switzerland" title="Voting in Switzerland">Voting</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Elections</div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1848_Swiss_federal_election" title="1848 Swiss federal election">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1851_Swiss_federal_election" title="1851 Swiss federal election">1851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_Swiss_federal_election" title="1854 Swiss federal election">1854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1857_Swiss_federal_election" title="1857 Swiss federal election">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Swiss_federal_election" title="1860 Swiss federal election">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_Swiss_federal_election" title="1863 Swiss federal election">1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Swiss_federal_election" title="1866 Swiss federal election">1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_Swiss_federal_election" title="1869 Swiss federal election">1869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Swiss_federal_election" title="1872 Swiss federal election">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Swiss_federal_election" title="1875 Swiss federal election">1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_Swiss_federal_election" title="1878 Swiss federal election">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1881_Swiss_federal_election" title="1881 Swiss federal election">1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Swiss_federal_election" title="1884 Swiss federal election">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_Swiss_federal_election" title="1887 Swiss federal election">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890_Swiss_federal_election" title="1890 Swiss federal election">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_Swiss_federal_election" title="1893 Swiss federal election">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Swiss_federal_election" title="1896 Swiss federal election">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_Swiss_federal_election" title="1899 Swiss federal election">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_Swiss_federal_election" title="1902 Swiss federal election">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_Swiss_federal_election" title="1905 Swiss federal election">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Swiss_federal_election" title="1908 Swiss federal election">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Swiss_federal_election" title="1911 Swiss federal election">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Swiss_federal_election" title="1914 Swiss federal election">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Swiss_federal_election" title="1917 Swiss federal election">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Swiss_federal_election" title="1919 Swiss federal election">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Swiss_federal_election" title="1922 Swiss federal election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Swiss_federal_election" title="1925 Swiss federal election">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Swiss_federal_election" title="1928 Swiss federal election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Swiss_federal_election" title="1931 Swiss federal election">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Swiss_federal_election" title="1935 Swiss federal election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Swiss_federal_election" title="1939 Swiss federal election">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Swiss_federal_election" title="1943 Swiss federal election">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Swiss_federal_election" title="1947 Swiss federal election">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Swiss_federal_election" title="1951 Swiss federal election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Swiss_federal_election" title="1955 Swiss federal election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Swiss_federal_election" title="1959 Swiss federal election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Swiss_federal_election" title="1963 Swiss federal election">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Swiss_federal_election" title="1967 Swiss federal election">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Swiss_federal_election" title="1971 Swiss federal election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Swiss_federal_election" title="1975 Swiss federal election">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Swiss_federal_election" title="1979 Swiss federal election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Swiss_federal_election" title="1983 Swiss federal election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Swiss_federal_election" title="1987 Swiss federal election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Swiss_federal_election" title="1991 Swiss federal election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Swiss_federal_election" title="1995 Swiss federal election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Swiss_federal_election" title="1999 Swiss federal election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Swiss_federal_election" title="2003 Swiss federal election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Swiss_federal_election" title="2007 Swiss federal election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Swiss_federal_election" title="2011 Swiss federal election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Swiss_federal_election" title="2015 Swiss federal election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Swiss_federal_election" title="2019 Swiss federal election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Swiss_federal_election" title="2023 Swiss federal election">2023</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_federal_referendums" title="List of Swiss federal referendums">Referendums</a></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1798_Helvetic_Republic_constitutional_referendum" title="1798 Helvetic Republic constitutional referendum">1798</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1802_Helvetic_Republic_constitutional_referendum" title="1802 Helvetic Republic constitutional referendum">1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Swiss_constitutional_referendum" title="1848 Swiss constitutional referendum">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Swiss_referendum" title="1866 Swiss referendum">1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Swiss_constitutional_referendum" title="1872 Swiss constitutional referendum">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_Swiss_constitutional_referendum" title="1874 Swiss constitutional referendum">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Swiss_referendum" title="1875 Swiss referendum">1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Swiss_referendums" title="1876 Swiss referendums">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1877_Swiss_referendum" title="1877 Swiss referendum">1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_Swiss_referendums" title="1879 Swiss referendums">1879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Swiss_constitutional_referendum" title="1880 Swiss constitutional referendum">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1882_Swiss_referendums" title="1882 Swiss referendums">1882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Swiss_referendum" title="1884 Swiss referendum">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_Swiss_constitutional_referendum" title="1885 Swiss constitutional referendum">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_Swiss_referendums" title="1887 Swiss referendums">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1889_Swiss_insolvency_referendum" title="1889 Swiss insolvency referendum">1889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890_Swiss_insurance_referendum" title="1890 Swiss insurance referendum">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_Swiss_referendums" title="1891 Swiss referendums">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_Swiss_animal_protection_referendum" title="1893 Swiss animal protection referendum">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Swiss_referendums" title="1894 Swiss referendums">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_Swiss_referendums" title="1895 Swiss referendums">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Swiss_referendum" title="1896 Swiss referendum">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897_Swiss_referendums" title="1897 Swiss referendums">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_Swiss_referendums" title="1898 Swiss referendums">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Swiss_referendums" title="1900 Swiss referendums">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_Swiss_schools_referendum" title="1902 Swiss schools referendum">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_Swiss_referendums" title="1903 Swiss referendums">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_Swiss_copyright_referendum" title="1905 Swiss copyright referendum">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Swiss_foodstuffs_referendum" title="1906 Swiss foodstuffs referendum">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_Swiss_armed_forces_referendum" title="1907 Swiss armed forces referendum">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Swiss_referendums" title="1908 Swiss referendums">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_Swiss_electoral_system_referendum" title="1910 Swiss electoral system referendum">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Swiss_insurance_referendum" title="1912 Swiss insurance referendum">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Swiss_disease_control_referendum" title="1913 Swiss disease control referendum">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Swiss_constitutional_referendum" title="1914 Swiss constitutional referendum">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Swiss_war_tax_referendum" title="1915 Swiss war tax referendum">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Swiss_stamp_duty_referendum" title="1917 Swiss stamp duty referendum">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Swiss_referendums" title="1918 Swiss referendums">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Swiss_referendums" title="1919 Swiss referendums">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Swiss_referendums" title="1920 Swiss referendums">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_Swiss_referendums" title="1921 Swiss referendums">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Swiss_referendums" title="1922 Swiss referendums">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Swiss_referendums" title="1923 Swiss referendums">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Swiss_employment_protection_referendum" title="1924 Swiss employment protection referendum">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Swiss_referendums" title="1925 Swiss referendums">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Swiss_grain_supply_referendum" title="1926 Swiss grain supply referendum">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_Swiss_referendum" title="1927 Swiss referendum">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Swiss_referendums" title="1928 Swiss referendums">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Swiss_referendums" title="1929 Swiss referendums">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Swiss_alcohol_referendum" title="1930 Swiss alcohol referendum">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Swiss_referendums" title="1931 Swiss referendums">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Swiss_federal_salaries_referendum" title="1933 Swiss federal salaries referendum">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Swiss_public_order_referendum" title="1934 Swiss public order referendum">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Swiss_referendums" title="1935 Swiss referendums">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Swiss_freemasonry_referendum" title="1937 Swiss freemasonry referendum">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Swiss_referendums" title="1938 Swiss referendums">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Swiss_referendums" title="1939 Swiss referendums">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Swiss_military_referendum" title="1940 Swiss military referendum">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Swiss_alcohol_referendum" title="1941 Swiss alcohol referendum">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Swiss_referendums" title="1942 Swiss referendums">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Swiss_unfair_competition_referendum" title="1944 Swiss unfair competition referendum">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Swiss_referendums" title="1945 Swiss referendums">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Swiss_referendums" title="1946 Swiss referendums">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Swiss_referendums" title="1947 Swiss referendums">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Swiss_sugar_industry_referendum" title="1948 Swiss sugar industry referendum">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Swiss_referendums" title="1949 Swiss referendums">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Swiss_referendums" title="1950 Swiss referendums">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Swiss_referendums" title="1951 Swiss referendums">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Swiss_referendums" title="1952 Swiss referendums">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Swiss_referendums" title="1953 Swiss referendums">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Swiss_referendums" title="1954 Swiss referendums">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Swiss_tenant_and_consumer_protection_referendum" title="1955 Swiss tenant and consumer protection referendum">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Swiss_referendums" title="1956 Swiss referendums">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Swiss_referendums" title="1957 Swiss referendums">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Swiss_referendums" title="1958 Swiss referendums">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Swiss_referendums" title="1959 Swiss referendums">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Swiss_referendums" title="1960 Swiss referendums">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Swiss_referendums" title="1961 Swiss referendums">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Swiss_referendums" title="1962 Swiss referendums">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Swiss_referendums" title="1963 Swiss referendums">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Swiss_referendums" title="1964 Swiss referendums">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Swiss_referendums" title="1965 Swiss referendums">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Swiss_referendum" title="1966 Swiss referendum">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Swiss_real_estate_referendum" title="1967 Swiss real estate referendum">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Swiss_referendums" title="1968 Swiss referendums">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Swiss_referendums" title="1969 Swiss referendums">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Swiss_referendums" title="1970 Swiss referendums">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Swiss_referendums" title="1971 Swiss referendums">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Swiss_referendums" title="1972 Swiss referendums">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Swiss_referendums" title="1973 Swiss referendums">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Swiss_referendums" title="1974 Swiss referendums">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Swiss_referendums" title="1975 Swiss referendums">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Swiss_referendums" title="1976 Swiss referendums">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Swiss_referendums" title="1977 Swiss referendums">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Swiss_referendums" title="1978 Swiss referendums">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Swiss_referendums" title="1979 Swiss referendums">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Swiss_referendums" title="1980 Swiss referendums">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Swiss_referendums" title="1981 Swiss referendums">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Swiss_referendums" title="1982 Swiss referendums">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Swiss_referendums" title="1983 Swiss referendums">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Swiss_referendums" title="1984 Swiss referendums">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Swiss_referendums" title="1985 Swiss referendums">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Swiss_referendums" title="1986 Swiss referendums">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Swiss_referendums" title="1987 Swiss referendums">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Swiss_referendums" title="1988 Swiss referendums">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Swiss_referendums" title="1989 Swiss referendums">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Swiss_referendums" title="1990 Swiss referendums">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Swiss_referendums" title="1991 Swiss referendums">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Swiss_referendums" title="1992 Swiss referendums">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Swiss_referendums" title="1993 Swiss referendums">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Swiss_referendums" title="1994 Swiss referendums">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Swiss_referendums" title="1995 Swiss referendums">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Swiss_referendums" title="1996 Swiss referendums">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Swiss_referendums" title="1997 Swiss referendums">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Swiss_referendums" title="1998 Swiss referendums">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Swiss_referendums" title="1999 Swiss referendums">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Swiss_referendums" title="2000 Swiss referendums">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Swiss_referendums" title="2001 Swiss referendums">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Swiss_referendums" title="2002 Swiss referendums">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Swiss_referendums" title="2003 Swiss referendums">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Swiss_referendums" title="2004 Swiss referendums">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Swiss_referendums" title="2005 Swiss referendums">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Swiss_referendums" title="2006 Swiss referendums">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Swiss_referendums" title="2007 Swiss referendums">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Swiss_referendums" title="2008 Swiss referendums">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Swiss_referendums" title="2009 Swiss referendums">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Swiss_referendums" title="2010 Swiss referendums">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Swiss_gun_control_initiative" title="2011 Swiss gun control initiative">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Swiss_referendums" title="2012 Swiss referendums">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Swiss_referendums" title="2013 Swiss referendums">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Swiss_referendums" title="2014 Swiss referendums">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Swiss_referendums" title="2015 Swiss referendums">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Swiss_referendums" title="2016 Swiss referendums">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Swiss_referendums" title="2017 Swiss referendums">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Swiss_referendums" title="2018 Swiss referendums">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Swiss_referendums" title="2019 Swiss referendums">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Swiss_referendums" title="2020 Swiss referendums">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Swiss_referendums" title="2021 Swiss referendums">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Swiss_referendums" title="2022 Swiss referendums">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Swiss_referendums" title="2023 Swiss referendums">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Swiss_referendums" title="2024 Swiss referendums">2024</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_referendum" title="Mandatory referendum">Mandatory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Optional_referendum" title="Optional referendum">Optional</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_popular_initiative" title="Federal popular initiative">Popular initiative</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_courts_of_Switzerland" title="Federal courts of Switzerland">Federal courts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland">Federal Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Criminal_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Criminal Court of Switzerland">Federal Criminal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Administrative_Court_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Administrative Court (Switzerland)">Federal Administrative Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Patent_Court_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Patent Court (Switzerland)">Federal Patent Court</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" title="Foreign relations of Switzerland">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Switzerland–European Union relations">European Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Cantons</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">Obwalden (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">Zurich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Cantonal legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">Cantonal executives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsgemeinde" title="Landsgemeinde">Landsgemeinde</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">Municipalities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="List of municipalities of Switzerland">(Full list of Municipalities)</a> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Aargau" title="Municipalities of the canton of Aargau">Aargau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell_Innerrhoden#Political_subdivisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell_Ausserrhoden#Municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Basel-Landschaft" title="Municipalities of the canton of Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Basel-Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the canton of Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Bern" title="Municipalities of the canton of Bern">Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Fribourg" title="Municipalities of the canton of Fribourg">Fribourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Geneva" title="Municipalities of the canton of Geneva">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Glarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the canton of Glarus">Glarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Municipalities of the canton of Graubünden">Graubünden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Jura" title="Municipalities of the canton of Jura">Jura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Lucerne" title="Municipalities of the canton of Lucerne">Lucerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Municipalities of the canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Nidwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the canton of Nidwalden">Nidwalden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Obwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the canton of Obwalden">Obwalden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Schaffhausen" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Schwyz" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the canton of Schwyz">Schwyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Solothurn" title="Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn">Solothurn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Municipalities of the canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Thurgau" title="Municipalities of the canton of Thurgau">Thurgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Ticino" title="Municipalities of the canton of Ticino">Ticino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Uri" title="Municipalities of the canton of Uri">Uri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Valais" title="Municipalities of the canton of Valais">Valais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Vaud" title="Municipalities of the canton of Vaud">Vaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Zug" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the canton of Zug">Zug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Zurich" title="Municipalities of the canton of Zurich">Zurich</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Template:Politics of Switzerland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Template talk:Politics of Switzerland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Switzerland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Council of States</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Federal Assembly</a> of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a> being the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">National Council</a>. It comprises 46 members.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Twenty of the country's <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">cantons</a> are represented by two Councillors each. Six cantons, traditionally called "<a href="/wiki/Half_canton" class="mw-redirect" title="Half canton">half cantons</a>", are represented by one Councillor each for historical reasons. These are <a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">Obwalden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MofCS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MofCS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Councillors serve for four years, and are not bound in their vote to instructions from the cantonal authorities. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_system">Electoral system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_States_(Switzerland)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Electoral system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">Swiss Federal Constitution</a>, the mode of election to the Council of States is left to the cantons, the provision being that it must be a democratic method. All cantons now provide for the councilors to be chosen by popular election, although historically it was typically the cantons' legislatures that elected representatives to Bern. </p><p>Despite this freedom that the Constitution provides, all cantons except <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></span></span> and <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura</a></span></span> (which use <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> to elect their councilors) elect councilors through an up to <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">two-round system</a> of voting. In the first round of voting, candidates must obtain an <a href="/wiki/Supermajority#Majority_of_the_entire_membership" title="Supermajority">absolute majority of the vote</a> in order to be elected. If no candidate receives an absolute majority in the first round of voting then a second round is held in which a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">simple plurality</a> is sufficient to be elected. The two candidates with the most votes in the second round are elected.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, eligibility to vote varies according to the applicable cantonal law. Two notable variations are that qualified foreigners may vote in Neuchâtel and Jura,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the minimum voting age is 16 in <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">compared to what age in the other cantons?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In all the cantons except <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell_Innerrhoden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a></span></span> the councillors are elected concurrently with the members of the National Council. In <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Appenzell Innerrhoden</span></span> the representative is elected by the popular assembly (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Landsgemeinde" title="Landsgemeinde">Landsgemeinde</a></i></span>) during the April before the national vote. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Working_languages">Working languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_States_(Switzerland)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Working languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In debates, councilors can choose any of the federal languages, usually the one they are most proficient in: German, French, Italian, or Romansh.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German (<a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">High German</a>) and French are the most frequently used. While the National Council offers <a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_interpretation" title="Simultaneous interpretation">simultaneous interpretation</a> for German and French (since 1960) and Italian (since about 2000), the Council of States offers none. Councilors are expected to understand at least two languages, German and French.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voting">Voting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_States_(Switzerland)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Voting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Issues before the council pass with a majority of the votes cast. The president of the council typically does not vote, unless there is a tie. In three<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> cases, votes require a majority in both councils in order to pass: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emergency_legislation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emergency legislation (page does not exist)">emergency legislation</a>, votes on subsidies, guarantees, or any expenditure of more than 20 million <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a> on a non-recurring basis, or 2 million CHF on a recurring basis. In any case where a majority of the council is required, the president of the council will vote.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until 2014, votes in the chamber were conducted with members raising their hands to be counted. After Politnetz, a Swiss political information platform, recorded a 2012 vote regarding an import ban on reptile skins, it found that the official vote count differed from what was shown in the video.<sup id="cite_ref-Jenny_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jenny-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In what was called "Stöckligate", Politnetz showed that several votes on the matter all resulted in miscounts.<sup id="cite_ref-Stöckligate_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stöckligate-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The name Stöckligate refers to a colloquial name for the Council of States. A <i>Stöckli</i> is a second home built on a farm for the elder farmer after the property has been deeded<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> to the heirs. The name is applied to the chamber as it is viewed as having older members than the National Council.).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the affair, council member <a href="/w/index.php?title=This_Jenny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="This Jenny (page does not exist)">This Jenny</a> introduced a bill to require electronic voting.<sup id="cite_ref-Jenny_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jenny-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1 March 2014, votes in the Council of States have been conducted electronically, with a tally shown on electronic display boards. The rule changes also allowed for disclosure of how members voted. The recorded votes are made public for votes on overall bills, final votes, and votes that require a qualified majority. Names and votes will be published if 10 members request this.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_States_(Switzerland)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States_(2023%E2%80%932027)" title="List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2023–2027)">List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2023–2027)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States_(2011%E2%80%932015)" title="List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2011–2015)">List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2011–2015)</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2007–2011)">List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2007–2011)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States_(2019%E2%80%932023)" title="List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2019–2023)">List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2019–2023)</a></div> <p>Council members earn a base salary of 26,000 CHF per year plus a 440 CHF per diem for attending sessions of the council or the committees. Members also receive 33,000 CHF per year for staff and material expenses. Members also receive food, travel and hotel allowances and a pension contribution. The Swiss government estimates that a member typically receives 130,000 to 150,000 CHF per year.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seats_by_party">Seats by party</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_States_(Switzerland)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Seats by party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption>Seats by party at the Council of States of Switzerland (2003–2023) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Ideology </th> <th><a href="/wiki/2003_Swiss_federal_election" title="2003 Swiss federal election">2003</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/2007_Swiss_federal_election" title="2007 Swiss federal election">2007</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/2011_Swiss_federal_election" title="2011 Swiss federal election">2011</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/2015_Swiss_federal_election" title="2015 Swiss federal election">2015</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Swiss_federal_election" title="2019 Swiss federal election">2019</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/2023_Swiss_federal_election" title="2023 Swiss federal election">2023</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td width="5px" style="background-color: #FF9B00"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/The_Centre_(political_party)" title="The Centre (political party)">The Centre</a> (DM/LC) </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centrism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #007AD2"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP.The Liberals</a> (FDP/PRD) </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #E4002B"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">Social Democratic Party</a> (SPS/PSS) </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Socialism">Democratic Socialism</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #009F4F"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">Swiss People's Party</a> (SVP/UDC) </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">right-wing populism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #84B414"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">Green Party</a> (GPS/PES) </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #b4dc00"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">Green Liberal Party</a> (GLP/PVL) </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_liberalism" title="Green liberalism">Green liberalism</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FBD918"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland">Conservative Democratic Party</a> (BDP/PBD) </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #DCDCDC"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Others and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;" colspan="3">Total </th> <th width="30" style="text-align:right;">46 </th> <th width="30" style="text-align:right;">46 </th> <th width="30" style="text-align:right;">46 </th> <th width="30" style="text-align:right;">46 </th> <th width="30" style="text-align:right;">46 </th> <th width="30" style="text-align:right;">46 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population_per_seat">Population per seat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_States_(Switzerland)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Population per seat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Council of States reflects the <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federal</a> nature of Switzerland: seats are distributed by state (<a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">canton</a>), not by population. Most cantons send two representatives, but the historic half-cantons (Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Obwalden, Nidwalden, Basel-Stadt and Basel-Landshaft) each send one.<sup id="cite_ref-MofCS_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MofCS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the number of people represented by a single seat in the Council of State varies by a factor of 45.8, from 16,000 for the half-canton of <a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a> to 733,050 for each of the two seats for the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">canton of Zurich</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Abbr </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Canton</a> </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Population<sup>1</sup> </th> <th>Per seat </th> <th>Ratio<sup>2</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>ZH </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">Zurich</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1,466,100 </td> <td>733,050 </td> <td>1.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>BE </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Berne</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1,017,200 </td> <td>508,600 </td> <td>1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>VD </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>773,200 </td> <td>386,600 </td> <td>1.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>AG </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>653,500 </td> <td>326,750 </td> <td>2.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>BL </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>283,200 </td> <td>283,200 </td> <td>2.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>SG </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gall</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>499,000 </td> <td>249,500 </td> <td>2.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>GE </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>484,400 </td> <td>242,200 </td> <td>3.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>LU </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>398,700 </td> <td>199,350 </td> <td>3.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>BS </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>191,800 </td> <td>191,800 </td> <td>3.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>TI </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>351,900 </td> <td>175,950 </td> <td>4.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>VS </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>335,600 </td> <td>167,800 </td> <td>4.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>FR </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>307,400 </td> <td>153,700 </td> <td>4.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>TG </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>267,400 </td> <td>133,700 </td> <td>5.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>SO </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>266,400 </td> <td>133,200 </td> <td>5.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>GR </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>196,600 </td> <td>98,300 </td> <td>7.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>NE </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>178,100 </td> <td>89,050 </td> <td>8.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>SZ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>154,100 </td> <td>77,050 </td> <td>9.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>ZG </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>122,100 </td> <td>61,050 </td> <td>12.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>AR </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>54,500 </td> <td>54,500 </td> <td>13.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>NW </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>42,400 </td> <td>42,400 </td> <td>17.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>SH </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>79,800 </td> <td>39,900 </td> <td>18.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>OW </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">Obwalden</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>37,100 </td> <td>37,100 </td> <td>19.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>JU </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>72,800 </td> <td>36,400 </td> <td>20.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>GL </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>40,000 </td> <td>20,000 </td> <td>36.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>UR </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>36,000 </td> <td>18,000 </td> <td>40.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>AI </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>16,000 </td> <td>16,000 </td> <td>45.8 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#efefef"> <th colspan="2">Overall </th> <td>46 </td> <td>8,325,200 </td> <td>180,983 </td> <td>4.1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Notes: </p><p><sup>1</sup> Population data from 2015 (<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p><sup>2</sup> Relative representation compared to Zürich. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_States_(Switzerland)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_States_(Switzerland)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_States_(Switzerland)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Act_(Switzerland)" title="Parliament Act (Switzerland)">Parliament Act (Switzerland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States_(2019%E2%80%932023)" title="List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2019–2023)">List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2019–2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States" title="List of presidents of the Swiss Council of States">List of presidents of the Swiss Council of States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonal Council">Cantonal Council</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_States_(Switzerland)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Ständerat</i>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Conseil des États</i>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Consiglio degli Stati</i>, <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: <i lang="rm">Cussegl dals Stadis</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlament.ch/en/organe/council-of-states">"The Council of States"</a> (official site). 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Swiss Parliament<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+Kabinen+der+Simultan%C3%BCbersetzer&rft.pub=Swiss+Parliament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlament.ch%2Fde%2Fservices%2Fsommerserien%2Fsommerserie-2017%2Fdie-kabinen-der-simultanuebersetzer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+States+%28Switzerland%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlament.ch/en/%C3%BCber-das-parlament/parlamentsw%C3%B6rterbuch/parlamentsw%C3%B6rterbuch-detail?WordId=139">"Lexikon of Parliamentary Terms"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lexikon+of+Parliamentary+Terms&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Switzerland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlament.ch%2Fen%2F%25C3%25BCber-das-parlament%2Fparlamentsw%25C3%25B6rterbuch%2Fparlamentsw%25C3%25B6rterbuch-detail%3FWordId%3D139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+States+%28Switzerland%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jenny-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jenny_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jenny_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/schweiz/standard/jenny-fordert-neue-abstimmung-ueber-elektronische-stimmabgabe/story/12484032">"Jenny fordert neue Abstimmung über elektronische Stimmabgabe"</a>. <i>Tages Anzeiger</i> (in German). 12 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tages+Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Jenny+fordert+neue+Abstimmung+%C3%BCber+elektronische+Stimmabgabe&rft.date=2012-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesanzeiger.ch%2Fschweiz%2Fstandard%2Fjenny-fordert-neue-abstimmung-ueber-elektronische-stimmabgabe%2Fstory%2F12484032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+States+%28Switzerland%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stöckligate-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stöckligate_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blick.ch/politik/stoeckligate-politnetz-darf-weiter-im-staenderat-filmen-vorerst-id2135576.html">"Politnetz darf weiter im Ständerat filmen – vorerst"</a>. <i>Blick</i> (in German). 10 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blick&rft.atitle=Politnetz+darf+weiter+im+St%C3%A4nderat+filmen+%E2%80%93+vorerst&rft.date=2012-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blick.ch%2Fpolitik%2Fstoeckligate-politnetz-darf-weiter-im-staenderat-filmen-vorerst-id2135576.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+States+%28Switzerland%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrian_Vatter2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Adrian Vatter (29 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zk7sDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA342"><i>Das politische System der Schweiz</i></a> (in German). Nomos Verlag. p. 342. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783845289540" title="Special:BookSources/9783845289540"><bdi>9783845289540</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+politische+System+der+Schweiz&rft.pages=342&rft.pub=Nomos+Verlag&rft.date=2018-06-29&rft.isbn=9783845289540&rft.au=Adrian+Vatter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzk7sDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+States+%28Switzerland%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20030743/index.html#a44a">"Standing Orders of the Council of States"</a>. Government of Switzerland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standing+Orders+of+the+Council+of+States&rft.pub=Government+of+Switzerland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.admin.ch%2Fopc%2Fde%2Fclassified-compilation%2F20030743%2Findex.html%23a44a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+States+%28Switzerland%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ch.ch/en/demokratie/swiss-parliament/salary-of-the-members-of-parliament/">"Salary of the members of parliament"</a>. Swiss Confederation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salary+of+the+members+of+parliament&rft.pub=Swiss+Confederation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ch.ch%2Fen%2Fdemokratie%2Fswiss-parliament%2Fsalary-of-the-members-of-parliament%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+States+%28Switzerland%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/kantone__gemeinden.html">Population data 2015</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110305144322/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/kantone__gemeinden.html">Archived</a> 5 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> accessed 28 July 2016</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_States_(Switzerland)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514013106/http://www.bk.admin.ch/dokumentation/02070/index.html?lang=en"><i>The Swiss Confederation – A Brief Guide 2015</i></a>, Berne, Switzerland: Swiss Confederation, 28 April 2015, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bk.admin.ch/dokumentation/02070/index.html?lang=en">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2016</span> – via Swiss Federal Chancellery FCh of the Federal Chancellor Corina Casanova</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Swiss+Confederation+%E2%80%93+A+Brief+Guide+2015&rft.place=Berne%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Swiss+Confederation&rft.date=2015-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bk.admin.ch%2Fdokumentation%2F02070%2Findex.html%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+States+%28Switzerland%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_States_(Switzerland)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States" title="Template talk:Members of the Swiss Council of States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the Swiss Council of States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Swiss_Council_of_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swiss Council of States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Bauer" title="Philippe Bauer">Philippe Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirmin_Bischof" title="Pirmin Bischof">Pirmin Bischof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Burkart" title="Thierry Burkart">Thierry Burkart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Carobbio_Guscetti" title="Marina Carobbio Guscetti">Marina Carobbio Guscetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Caroni" title="Andrea Caroni">Andrea Caroni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Chiesa" title="Marco Chiesa">Marco Chiesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Dittli" title="Josef Dittli">Josef Dittli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Engler" title="Stefan Engler">Stefan Engler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Ettlin" title="Erich Ettlin">Erich Ettlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_F%C3%A4ssler" title="Daniel Fässler">Daniel Fässler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Olivier Français">Olivier Français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanna_Gapany" title="Johanna Gapany">Johanna Gapany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Germann" title="Hannes Germann">Hannes Germann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Gm%C3%BCr-Sch%C3%B6nenberger" title="Andrea Gmür-Schönenberger">Andrea Gmür-Schönenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Graf" title="Maya Graf">Maya Graf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_H%C3%A4berli-Koller" title="Brigitte Häberli-Koller">Brigitte Häberli-Koller</a><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States" title="List of presidents of the Swiss Council of States">President</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hefti" title="Thomas Hefti">Thomas Hefti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hegglin" title="Peter Hegglin">Peter Hegglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Herzog" title="Eva Herzog">Eva Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jositsch" title="Daniel Jositsch">Daniel Jositsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Juillard" title="Charles Juillard">Charles Juillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansj%C3%B6rg_Knecht" title="Hansjörg Knecht">Hansjörg Knecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kuprecht" title="Alex Kuprecht">Alex Kuprecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Levrat" title="Christian Levrat">Christian Levrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Maret" title="Marianne Maret">Marianne Maret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Mazzone" title="Lisa Mazzone">Lisa Mazzone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Matthias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Matthias (page does not exist)">Michel Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Minder" title="Thomas Minder">Thomas Minder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damian_M%C3%BCller" title="Damian Müller">Damian Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruedi_Noser" title="Ruedi Noser">Ruedi Noser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Rechsteiner" title="Paul Rechsteiner">Paul Rechsteiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othmar_Reichmuth" title="Othmar Reichmuth">Othmar Reichmuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_Rieder" title="Beat Rieder">Beat Rieder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Salzmann" title="Werner Salzmann">Werner Salzmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schmid_(politician)" title="Martin Schmid (politician)">Martin Schmid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Sommaruga" title="Carlo Sommaruga">Carlo Sommaruga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Stark" title="Jakob Stark">Jakob Stark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_St%C3%B6ckli" title="Hans Stöckli">Hans Stöckli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A8le_Thorens_Goumaz" title="Adèle Thorens Goumaz">Adèle Thorens Goumaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9line_Vara" title="Céline Vara">Céline Vara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wicki" title="Hans Wicki">Hans Wicki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedikt_W%C3%BCrth" title="Benedikt Würth">Benedikt Würth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Zanetti_(politician)" title="Roberto Zanetti (politician)">Roberto Zanetti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heidi_Z%27Graggen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heidi Z'Graggen (page does not exist)">Heidi Z'Graggen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathias_Zopfi" title="Mathias Zopfi">Mathias Zopfi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Switzerland"><img alt="Coat of arms of Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">About</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Population_per_seat">Demographics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists of members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States_(2003%E2%80%932007)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2003–2007)">2003–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2007–2011)">2007–2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States_(2011%E2%80%932015)" title="List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2011–2015)">2011–2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States_(2015%E2%80%932019)" title="List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2015–2019)">2015–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States_(2019-2023)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2019-2023)">2019–2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States_(2023%E2%80%932027)" title="List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2023–2027)">2023–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Legislatures_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swiss_legislatures" title="Template:Swiss legislatures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swiss_legislatures" title="Template talk:Swiss legislatures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swiss_legislatures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swiss legislatures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Legislatures_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislatures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss Confederation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Federal Assembly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">National Council</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Council of States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Cantonal legislatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Aargau" title="Grand Council of Aargau">Aargau AG</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantonal_Council_of_Appenzell_Ausserrhoden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantonal Council of Appenzell Ausserrhoden (page does not exist)">Appenzell Ausserrhoden AR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Council_of_Appenzell_Innerrhoden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Council of Appenzell Innerrhoden (page does not exist)">Appenzell Innerrhoden AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Basel-Stadt" title="Grand Council of Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt BS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landrat_of_Basel-Landschaft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landrat of Basel-Landschaft (page does not exist)">Basel-Landschaft BL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Bern" title="Grand Council of Bern">Bern BE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Fribourg" title="Grand Council of Fribourg">Fribourg FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Geneva" title="Grand Council of Geneva">Geneva GE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landrat_of_Glarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landrat of Glarus (page does not exist)">Glarus GL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Grisons" title="Grand Council of Grisons">Grisons GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jura" title="Parliament of Jura">Jura JU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_Council_of_Lucerne" title="Cantonal Council of Lucerne">Lucerne LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Grand Council of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel NE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landrat_of_Nidwalden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landrat of Nidwalden (page does not exist)">Nidwalden NW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_Council_of_Obwalden" title="Cantonal Council of Obwalden">Obwalden OW</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantonal_Council_of_Schaffhausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantonal Council of Schaffhausen (page does not exist)">Schaffhausen SH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_Council_of_Schwyz" title="Cantonal Council of Schwyz">Schwyz SZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_Council_of_Solothurn" title="Cantonal Council of Solothurn">Solothurn SO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_Council_of_St._Gallen" title="Cantonal Council of St. Gallen">St. Gallen SG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Thurgau" title="Grand Council of Thurgau">Thurgau TG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Ticino" title="Grand Council of Ticino">Ticino TI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landrat_of_Uri" title="Landrat of Uri">Uri UR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Valais" title="Grand Council of Valais">Valais VS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Vaud" title="Grand Council of Vaud">Vaud VD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantonal_Council_of_Zug&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantonal Council of Zug (page does not exist)">Zug ZG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_Council_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonal Council of Zürich">Zürich ZH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland#History" title="Switzerland">Historical Legislatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tagsatzung" title="Tagsatzung">Federal Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Legislative Body of the Helvetic Republic (1798–1803)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Upper_houses_of_national_legislatures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_upper_houses" title="Template:National upper houses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_upper_houses" title="Template talk:National upper houses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_upper_houses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National upper houses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Upper_houses_of_national_legislatures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper houses</a> of national <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Senate" title="Argentine Senate">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Austria)" title="Federal Council (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Belgium)" title="Senate (Belgium)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peoples_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="House of Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Senate_(Brazil)" title="Federal Senate (Brazil)">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Federation" title="House of Federation">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Bundesrat" title="German Bundesrat">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Mexico)" title="Senate of the Republic (Mexico)">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nepal)" title="National Assembly (Nepal)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Nigeria" title="Senate of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_Council_(Russia)" title="Federation Council (Russia)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Somalia" title="Senate of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(South_Sudan)" title="Council of States (South Sudan)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Sudan)" title="Council of States (Sudan)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Nation" title="Council of the Nation">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Antigua_and_Barbuda)" title="Senate (Antigua and Barbuda)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas#Senate" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultative_Council_(Bahrain)" title="Consultative Council (Bahrain)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Barbados" title="Senate of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Republic_(Belarus)" title="Council of the Republic (Belarus)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Belize)" title="Senate (Belize)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Bhutan)" title="National Council (Bhutan)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Senators_(Bolivia)" title="Chamber of Senators (Bolivia)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Burundi)" title="Senate (Burundi)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Cambodia)" title="Senate (Cambodia)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Cameroon)" title="Senate (Cameroon)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Chad)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate (Chad) (page does not exist)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Chile" title="Senate of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Colombia" title="Senate of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Senate (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Senate (Republic of the Congo)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Senate of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Senate of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Egypt)" title="Senate (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Equatorial_Guinea)" title="Senate (Equatorial Guinea)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Eswatini" title="Senate of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Gabon" title="Senate of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Grenada)" title="Senate (Grenada)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Haiti)" title="Senate (Haiti)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Representative_Council" title="Regional Representative Council">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Ivory_Coast)" title="Senate (Ivory Coast)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jamaica#Senate" title="Parliament of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors" title="House of Councillors">Japan (post-1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Jordan)" title="Senate (Jordan)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Kazakhstan" title="Senate of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Kenya" title="Senate of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Lesotho" title="Senate of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Liberia" title="Senate of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Madagascar)" title="Senate (Madagascar)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors_(Morocco)" title="House of Councillors (Morocco)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyotha_Hluttaw" title="Amyotha Hluttaw">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Namibia)" title="National Council (Namibia)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nepal)" title="National Assembly (Nepal)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Oman)" title="Council of State (Oman)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Palau" title="Senate of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Paraguay" title="Senate of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Poland" title="Senate of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Rwanda)" title="Senate (Rwanda)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Senate of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Slovenia)" title="National Council (Slovenia)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Provinces" title="National Council of Provinces">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Spain" title="Senate of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Tajikistan" title="National Assembly of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Thailand" title="Senate of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Trinidad_and_Tobago)" title="Senate (Trinidad and Tobago)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Regions_and_Districts" title="National Council of Regions and Districts">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Uruguay" title="Senate of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Uzbekistan" title="Senate of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_(Yemen)" title="Shura Council (Yemen)">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Zimbabwe" title="Senate of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent and<br />other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Senate" title="American Samoa Senate">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Bermuda" title="Senate of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Legislative Council of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Senate" title="Northern Mariana Islands Senate">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Senate of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Non-UN states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Elders_(Somaliland)" title="House of Elders (Somaliland)">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_abolished_upper_houses" title="List of abolished upper houses">Defunct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Elders_(Afghanistan)" title="House of Elders (Afghanistan)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_(Austria)" title="House of Lords (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(British_Guiana)" title="Senate (British Guiana)">British Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Princes" title="Chamber of Princes">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Chamber of Representatives of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Nationalities" title="Chamber of Nationalities">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Ceylon" title="Senate of Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_Yuan" title="Control Yuan">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Costa_Rican_legislature#Senate_of_Costa_Rica" title="History of the Costa Rican legislature">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament#Chamber_of_Counties" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Cuba" title="Congress of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landstinget" class="mw-redirect" title="Landstinget">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Council" title="Conservative Council">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_States" title="Chamber of States">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_of_Ecuador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate of Ecuador (page does not exist)">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Egypt)" title="Senate (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_of_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate of El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Parliament_of_Ethiopia" title="Imperial Parliament of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Fiji" title="Senate of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Senate" title="Greek Senate">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Magnates" title="House of Magnates">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Iran" title="Senate of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Iraq" title="Senate of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Lords" title="Irish House of Lords">Kingdom of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Seanad Éireann (Irish Free State)">Irish Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peers_(Japan)" title="House of Peers (Japan)">Japan (pre-1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Kingdom_of_Libya#Senate" title="Parliament of the Kingdom of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Maldives" title="Senate of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Malta" title="Senate of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Mauritania" title="Senate of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legislative_Council" title="New Zealand Legislative Council">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Nicaragua" title="National Congress of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Senate of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Peru#Senate" title="Congress of the Republic of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Portugal)" title="Senate (Portugal)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_House_of_Lords" title="Prussian House of Lords">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Rhodesia#Senate" title="Parliament of Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_(Russian_Empire)" title="State Council (Russian Empire)">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Senegal)" title="Senate (Senegal)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_of_the_Kingdom_of_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate of the Kingdom of Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_South_Africa" title="Senate of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors_(South_Korea)" title="House of Councillors (South Korea)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_of_Nationalities" title="Soviet of Nationalities">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rsta_kammaren" title="Första kammaren">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Turkey)" title="Senate of the Republic (Turkey)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Venezuela" title="Senate of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsrat_(Germany)" title="Reichsrat (Germany)">Weimar Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">Bicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" title="Tricameralism">Tricameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicameralism" title="Multicameralism">Multicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abolished_upper_houses" title="List of abolished upper houses">List of abolished upper houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" title="List of legislatures by country">List of legislatures by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National bicameral legislatures">National bicameral legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_unicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National unicameral legislatures">National unicameral legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_lower_houses" title="Template:National lower houses">National lower houses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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