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} @media (max-width: 600px) { #Timeline_container{ width: 100% !important; } #Timeline_table { left: 0px !important; } .desktop-hidden{ margin-top: 20px; } } </style><LINK href="/ss2.css" type=text/css rel=stylesheet><LINK href="/ss_chart.css" type=text/css rel=stylesheet><div class="main_box" id="T_container_top" style="position: static; width: 100%; background-image: none;"><div id="Timeline_container" style="top: 166px !important; position: static; background-image: none;"><table id="Timeline_table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><h1 class="article_header">Top 50 Works of Modern Art</h1></td></tr><tr><td><p class="article_text desktop-hidden">This timeline details the top 50 works in Modern Art. The Art Story has developed interactive timelines that show the progression of Modern Art. They aim to educate and introduce topics using technology and the interactive capabilities of the web. Please visit this page on your <b>desktop</b> computer to see this timeline.</p><p class="article_text mobile-hidden">Select the time period below. Then, click on painting for further information.</p></td></tr><tr class="mobile-hidden"><td style="background-color: #eae5df;"><table width="895" style="margin-left: 14px; margin-right: 14px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td width="415" height="91"><img class="period" id="period_1" src="/images20/prd_1_off.jpg" alt="Impressionism and After"></td><td width="133" height="91"><img class="period" id="period_2" src="/images20/prd_2_off.jpg" alt="Heroic Avant-garge"/></td><td width="142" height="91"><img class="period" id="period_3" src="/images20/prd_3_off.jpg" alt="Depression and War"/></td><td width="105" height="91"><img class="period" id="period_4" src="/images20/prd_4_off.jpg" alt="Post-War World"/></td><td width="100" height="91"><img class="period" id="period_5" src="/images20/prd_5_off.jpg" alt="Contemporary Art"/></td></tr><tr id="timeline" style="display: none;"><td colspan="5"><table width="895" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td width="15" id="sidebar_left" height="366" style="cursor: pointer;" background="/images20/tml_back_non.jpg"></td><td width="865" height="425" id="tml_1" style="display: none;" background="/images20/tml_top50_1.jpg"><div class="T_timeline_header" style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; position: absolute; left: 360px; top: 605px;"></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 70px; top: 575px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="the_academy_of_art">ACADEMY</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 213px; top: 550px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="realism">REALISM</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 354px; top: 575px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="aesthetic_movement">AESTHETIC MOVEMENT</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 410px; top: 550px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="impressionism">IMPRESSIONISM</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 425px; top: 525px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="modern_sculpture">MODERN SCULPTURE</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 580px; top: 525px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="symbolism">SYMBOLISM</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 580px; top: 550px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="post_impressionism">POST-IMPRESSIONISM</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 580px; top: 575px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="neo_impressionism">NEO-IMPRESSIONISM</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 638px; top: 500px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="art_nouveau">ART NOUVEAU</span></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; left: 250px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "170px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="left: 10px; top: 174px; width: 150px"> First underground <br> railway opens in London </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute;left: 290px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "80px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="left: 13px; top: 86px; width: 150px"> Laying of the <br> Transatlantic cable </div><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "40px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="left: 13px; top: 132px; width: 150px"> Alfred Noble <br> invents dynamite </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; left: 440px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "185px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="left: 13px; top: 188px; width: 150px"> Alexander Graham <br> Bell patents telephone </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; left: 464px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "145px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="left: 13px; top: 150px; width: 150px"> Thomas Edison <br> patents light bulb </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 533px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "120px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -55px; top: 125px;"> Canadian-Pacific <br> railway opens </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; left: 617px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "115px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="left: 13px; top: 120px; width: 150px"> Eiffel Tower <br> completed in Paris </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 680px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "90px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; 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"><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -60px; top: 101px;"> First part of Oxford <br> English Dictionary <br> is completed </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 545px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "135px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -63px; top: 135px;"> Last Impressionist <br> exhibition in Paris </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 675px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "93px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -78px; top: 97px;"> Stephen Crane, <i>The <br> Red Badge of Courage</i> </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 747px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "115px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -165px; top: 121px;"> Sigmund Freud, <i>Interpretation of Dreams</i> </div><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "12px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -122px; top: 142px;"> Theodore Dreiser, <i>Sister Carrie</i> </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 773px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "153px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -143px; top: 160px;"> Georges Melies, <i>A Trip to the Moon</i> </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 810px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "170px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -143px; top: 178px;"> Anton Chekov, <i>The Cherry Orchard</i> </div><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "17px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -128px; top: 197px;"> Max Weber, <i>The Protestant Ethic</i> </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 66px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "190px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 43px; top: 194px; width: 200px"> Second Republic dissolved in France. <br> Napoleon III takes power as emperor </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 93px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "168px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 43px; top: 177px; width: 200px"> Britain and France join Crimean War </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 120px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "149px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 43px; top: 158px; width: 200px"> Crimean War ends </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 190px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "100px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 45px; top: 105px; width: 200px"> American Civil War <br> begins (1861-1865) </div><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "20px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 45px; top: 130px; width: 200px"> Emancipation of <br> Russian serfs </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 220px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "75px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 45px; top: 80px; width: 200px"> Abolition of slavery <br> in United States </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 250px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "43px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 45px; top: 33px; width: 200px"> President <br> Abraham <br> Lincoln <br> assassinated </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 335px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "182px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 43px; top: 185px; width: 200px"> King of Prussia becomes Emperor <br> Wilhelm I of a united Germany </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 392px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "150px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 43px; top: 159px; width: 200px"> Britain buys Suez Canal </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 476px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "105px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #BE1E2D; left: -45px; top: 95px; width: 70px"> Germany signs <br> alliance with <br> Russia and <br> Austria </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 646px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "95px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #BE1E2D; left: -132px; top: 95px; width: 160px"> New Zealand becomes <br> first country to <br> grant women the vote </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 660px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "129px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #BE1E2D; left: -132px; top: 135px; width: 160px"> Beginning of Dreyfus <br> affair in France </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 717px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "157px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #BE1E2D; left: -152px; top: 161px; width: 180px"> Spanish-American War. America <br> gains Philippines and Puerto Rico </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 732px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "180px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #BE1E2D; left: -152px; top: 186px; width: 180px"> Boxer Rebellion in China <br> suppressed by foreign intervention </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 760px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "112px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 43px; top: 115px; width: 200px"> Death of Queen <br> Victoria <br> (1819-1901) </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 108px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "50px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #9E1F63; left: -90px; top: 43px; width: 120px"> Gustave Courbet <br> independently exhibits <br> outside the Exposition <br> Universalle, Paris </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 220px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "85px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #9E1F63; left: -110px; top: 86px; width: 140px"> Charles Baudelaire, <br> <i>The Painter of Modern Life</i> </div><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "20px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #9E1F63; left: -170px; top: 111px; width: 200px"> Edouard Manet and others <br> exhibit at the Salon des Refusés </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 278px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "138px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #9E1F63; left: -110px; top: 139px; width: 140px"> Albert Memorial completed <br> in Hyde Park, London </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 78px; left: 305px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "163px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #9E1F63; left: -110px; top: 166px; width: 140px"> Monet and Renoir paint at <br> La Grenouillere, near Paris </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 319px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "188px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #9E1F63; left: -110px; top: 191px; width: 140px"> Metropolitan Museum, <br> New York, is founded </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 335px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "188px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 191px; width: 200px"> Vendome Column destroyed <br> during Paris Commune </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 376px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "163px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 166px; width: 200px"> First Impressionist <br> exhibition, Paris </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 545px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "95px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -50px; top: 96px;"> <i>Statue of Liberty</i> <br> is unveiled <br> in New York </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 575px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "130px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -125px; top: 135px; width: 150px"> Van Gogh and Gauguin <br> paint in Arles </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 618px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "155px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -122px; top: 157px; width: 150px"> Paul Gauguin <br> departs for Tahiti </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 718px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "95px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -59px; top: 96px;"> Gustav Klimt and <br> others found <br> Vienna Secession </div></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="courbet_gustave" style="left: 30px; top: 294px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_courbet_gustave.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Burial at Ornans, 1849-50"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="courbet_gustave_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="manet_edouard" style="left: 221px; top: 294px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_manet_edouard.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Olympia, 1863"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="manet_edouard_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="monet_claude" style="left: 362px; top: 294px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_monet_claude.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Impression, Sunrise, 1873"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="monet_claude_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="rodin_auguste" style="left: 391px; top: 367px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="rodin_auguste_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_rodin_auguste.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="The Age of Bronze, 1875-6"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="renoir_auguste" style="left: 406px; top: 294px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_renoir_auguste.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Le Moulin de la Galette, 1876"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="renoir_auguste_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="cassatt_mary" style="left: 450px; top: 294px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_cassatt_mary.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="In the Loge, 1878"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="cassatt_mary_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="degas_edgar" style="left: 438px; top: 367px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="degas_edgar_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_degas_edgar.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="The Rehearsal of the Ballet Onstage, ~1874"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="seurat_georges" style="left: 533px; top: 367px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="seurat_georges_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_seurat_georges.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, 1884-6"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="cezanne_paul" style="left: 546px; top: 294px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_cezanne_paul.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Mont Sainte-Victoire, 1885-7"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="cezanne_paul_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="van_gogh_vincent" style="left: 590px; top: 367px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="van_gogh_vincent_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_van_gogh_vincent.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Starry Night, 1889"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="gaugin_paul" style="left: 633px; top: 294px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_gaugin_paul.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Manao tupapau (The Spirit of the Dead Keep Watch), 1892"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="gaugin_paul_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="munch_edvard" style="left: 647px; top: 367px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="munch_edvard_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_munch_edvard.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="The Scream, 1893"></center></div></td><td width="865" height="425" style="display: none;" id="tml_2" background="/images20/tml_ha.jpg"><div class="T_timeline_header" style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; position: absolute; left: 360px; top: 605px;"></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 150px; top: 575px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="modern_photography">MODERN PHOTOGRAPHY</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 190px; top: 550px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="cubism">CUBISM</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 230px; top: 525px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="futurism">FUTURISM</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 350px; top: 575px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="collage">COLLAGE</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 390px; top: 550px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="readymade">READYMADE</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 460px; top: 525px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="suprematism">SUPREMATISM</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 540px; top: 550px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="dada">DADA</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 540px; top: 575px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="de_stijl">DE STIJL</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 655px; top: 525px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="constructivism">CONSTRUCTIVISM</span></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 50px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "190px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 43px; top: 194px; width: 200px"> Russo-Japanese War <br> ends, Russia defeated </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 77px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "165px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 43px; top: 170px; width: 200px"> Finland is the first country <br> to give women the vote </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 120px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "135px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 43px; top: 136px; width: 200px"> Mahatma Gandhi begins <br> campaign of non-violent <br> resistance in South Africa </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 193px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "100px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #BE1E2D; left: -30px; top: 102px;"> NAACP <br> established <br> in USA </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 285px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "185px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #BE1E2D; left: -47px; top: 182px;"> U.S. Supreme <br> Court breaks <br> up Standard Oil </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 309px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "105px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 45px; top: 94px; width: 200px;"> The Titanic <br> strikes an <br> iceberg <br> and sinks </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 380px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "142px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #BE1E2D; left: -48px; top: 143px;"> Beginning of <br> First World <br> War (1914-1918) </div><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "25px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #BE1E2D; left: -52px; top: 178px;"> Mahatma Gandhi <br> returns to India </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 490px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "45px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 45px; top: 45px; width: 70px"> Revolu- <br> tion in <br> Russia </div><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "40px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 43px; top: 85px; width: 100px"> U.S. <br> enters <br> WWI </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 549px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "156px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #BE1E2D; left: -34px; top: 153px;"> Worldwide <br> influenza <br> epidemic <br> kills millions </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 620px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "157px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 45px; top: 165px; width: 200px"> Prohibition in U.S. </div><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "20px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 45px; top: 180px; width: 200px"> Gandhi begins campaign of <br> civil disobedience in India </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 700px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "100px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 45px; top: 105px; width: 200px"> Benito Mussolini <br> comes to power </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 818px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "135px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #BE1E2D; left: -94px; top: 136px; width: 120px"> Adolf Hitler <br> publishes <i>Mein Kampf</i> </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 50px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "180px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="left: 43px; top: 184px; width: 200px"> Albert Einstein publishes <br> paper on special theory of relativity </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 193px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "103px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -57px; top: 105px;"> Henry Ford begins <br> mass production <br> of the Model T car </div><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "25px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -102px; top: 140px;"> First airplane flight <br> across the English Channel </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 310px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "120px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -48px; top: 125px;"> First successful <br> parachute jump </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 345px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "145px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -170px; top: 150px; width: 200px"> Henry Ford develops first <br> moving assembly line in Detroit </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 388px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "185px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -170px; top: 190px; width: 200px"> Completion of Panama Canal </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 427px; top: 343px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "95px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="left: 43px; top: 95px; width: 200px"> First major use of poison <br> gas as weapon at <br> Second Battle of Ypres </div><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "30px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style=" left: 43px; top: 135px;width: 200px"> Hugo Junkers develops <br> first fighter plane </div><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "30px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style=" left: 43px; top: 168px;width: 200px"> Alexander Graham Bell makes <br> first transcontinental telephone <br> call from New York to San Francisco </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 465px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "60px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="left: 43px; top: 60px; width: 100px"> Invention of the <br> first armoured <br> vehicle: the tank </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 582px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "125px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="left: 43px; top: 131px; width: 100px"> First successful <br> helicopter flight </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 75px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "100px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #00A14B; left: 43px; top: 108px; ; width: 150px"> Upton Sinclair, <i>The Jungle</i> </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 270px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "133px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -120px; top: 135px;"> Birth of Indian cult <br> leader Maharishi Mahesh Yogi </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 310px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "170px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -180px; top: 173px;"> Marcel Proust, <br> <i>A la recherche du temps perdu</i> (Volume 1) </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 330px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "168px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left; color: #00A14B; left: 43px; top: 177px; width: 200px"> Thomas Mann, <i>Death in Venice</i> </div><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "28px" width = "1px" style="display: block; top: -1px;"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left; color: #00A14B; left: 43px; top: 210px; width: 120px"> Igor Stravinsky, <br> <i>The Rite of Spring</i> </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 387px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "140px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #00A14B; left: 43px; top: 148px; ; width: 180px"> Charlie Chaplin begins making films </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 427px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "103px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #00A14B; left: 43px; top: 111px; ; width: 150px"> D.W. Griffiths, <br> <i>The Birth of a Nation</i> </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 690px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "80px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #00A14B; left: 43px; top: 82px; ; width: 150px"> James Joyce <br> publishes <br> <i>Ulysses</i> in Paris </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 778px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "120px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -110px; top: 123px;"> George Gershwin completes <br> <i>Rhapsody in Blue</i> </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 817px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "150px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -151px; top: 155px;"> F. Scott Fitzgerald, <i>The Great Gatsby</i> </div><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "15px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -112px; top: 180px;"> Virginia Woolf, <i>Mrs Dalloway</i> </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 36px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "100px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left; color: #9E1F63; left: 45px; top: 103px; width: 100px"> The Fauves exhibit at the Salon d'Automne, Paris </div><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "43px" width = "1px" style="display: block; top: -1px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left; color: #9E1F63; left: 45px; top: 148px; width: 100px"> German Expressionist group Die Brucke is founded in Dresden </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 153px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "200px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -70px; top: 200px;"> Picasso and Braque <br> begin to develop <br> Synthetic Cubism </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 183px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "102px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left; color: #9E1F63; left: 42px; top: 103px; width: 100px"> Marinetti publishes <br> Futurist Manifesto </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 285px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "136px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -79px; top: 136px;"> Expressionist group <br> Der Blaue Reiter <br> founded in Munich </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 348px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "168px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -56px; top: 166px;"> Marcel Duchamp <br> creates his <br> first Readymade </div><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "40px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -60px; top: 217px;"> The Armory Show <br> in New York </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 440px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "127px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -55px; top: 120px;"> Kazimir Malevich <br> launches <br> Suprematism </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 465px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "210px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 214px; ; width: 100px"> Dada movement <br> launched in Zurich </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 505px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "180px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 186px; ; width: 120px"> Theo van Doesburg <br> launches <i>De Stijl</i> </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 543px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "155px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 157px; ; width: 120px"> Russian Imperial <br> Academy abolished </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 582px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "130px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 132px; ; width: 120px"> Walter Gropius founds <br> the Bauhaus School </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 698px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "100px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -50px; top: 97px;"> Hans Prinzhorn, <br> <i>The Artistry of <br> the Mentally Ill</i> </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 785px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "80px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -33px; top: 77px;"> Andre Breton <br> publishes <br> Surrealist <br> Manifesto </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 816px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "168px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -96px; top: 171px;"> Exposition Internationale <br> des Arts Decoratifs, Paris </div><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "40px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -84px; top: 217px;"> First Neue Sachlichkeit <br> exhibition, Mannheim </div></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="klimt_gustav" style="left: 82px; top: 294px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_klimt_gustav.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Portrait of Adele Bloch Bauer I, 1907"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="klimt_gustav_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="stieglitz_alfred" style="left: 102px; top: 367px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="stieglitz_alfred_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_stieglitz_alfred.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="The Steerage, 1907"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="picasso_pablo1" style="left: 126px; top: 294px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_picasso_pablo1.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="picasso_pablo1_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="brancusi_constantin" style="left: 150px; top: 367px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="brancusi_constantin_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_brancusi_constantin.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="The Kiss, 1907"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="matisse_henri" style="left: 218px; top: 367px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="matisse_henri_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_matisse_henri.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Dance II, 1910"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="rousseau_henri" style="left: 244px; top: 294px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_rousseau_henri.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="The Dream, 1910"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="rousseau_henri_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="kandinsky_wassily" style="left: 269px; top: 367px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="kandinsky_wassily_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_kandinsky_wassily.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Composition IV, 1911"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="balla_giacomo" style="left: 299px; top: 294px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_balla_giacomo.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, 1912"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="balla_giacomo_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="picasso_pablo2" style="left: 317px; top: 367px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="picasso_pablo2_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_picasso_pablo2.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Still Life with Chair Caning, 1912"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="malevich_kasimir" style="left: 344px; top: 294px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_malevich_kasimir.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Black Square, 1913"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="malevich_kasimir_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="kirchner_ernst_ludvig" style="left: 360px; top: 367px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="kirchner_ernst_ludvig_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_kirchner_ernst_ludvig.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Street, Berlin, 1913"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="de_chirico_giorgio" style="left: 387px; top: 294px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_de_chirico_giorgio.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Love Song, 1914"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="de_chirico_giorgio_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="mondrian_piet" style="left: 427px; top: 367px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="mondrian_piet_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_mondrian_piet.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Composition 10 (Pier and Ocean), 1915"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="duchamp_marcel" style="left: 502px; top: 294px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_duchamp_marcel.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Fountain, 1917"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="duchamp_marcel_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="hoch_hannah" style="left: 582px; top: 294px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_hoch_hannah.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany, 1919"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="hoch_hannah_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="tatlin_vladimir" style="left: 608px; top: 367px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="tatlin_vladimir_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_tatlin_vladimir.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Monument to the Third International, 1920"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="ray_man" style="left: 635px; top: 294px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_ray_man.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="The Enigma of Isidore Ducasse, 1920"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="ray_man_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target-left" id="miro_joan" style="left: 816px; top: 367px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="miro_joan_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_miro_joan.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="The Birth of the World, 1925"></center></div></td><td width="865" height="425" style="display: none;" id="tml_3" background="/images20/tml_top50_3.jpg"><div class="T_timeline_header" style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; position: absolute; left: 370px; top: 605px;"></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 70px; top: 500px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="surrealism">SURREALISM</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 70px; top: 550px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="bauhaus">BAUHAUS</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 70px; top: 525px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="art_deco">ART DECO</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 70px; top: 575px; display: none; width: 300px"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="new_objectivity">NEUE SACHLICHKEIT/ NEW OBJECTIVITY</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 420px; top: 575px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="totalitarian_art">TOTALITARIAN ART</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 420px; top: 550px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="social_realism">SOCIAL REALISM</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 460px; top: 525px; display: none; width: 300px"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="welded_metal_sculpture">WELDED METAL SCULPTURE</span></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 192px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "103px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -142px; top: 105px; width: 170px;"> Stock Market Crash <br> leads to Great Depression </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 348px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "103px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -142px; top: 105px; width: 170px;"> Adolf Hitler comes <br> to power in Germany </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 582px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "103px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -142px; top: 105px; width: 170px;"> Germany invades <br> Poland <br> Starts WWII <br> (1939-1945) </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 620px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "163px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -142px; top: 165px; width: 170px;"> France falls to <br> German invasion </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 660px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "190px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -142px; top: 193px; width: 170px;"> Japanese bombing of Pearl <br> Harbor brings USA into WWII </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 818px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "103px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -142px; top: 105px; width: 170px;"> U.S.A. drops atomic bombs <br> to end war in Pacific </div><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "25px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -142px; top: 135px; width: 170px;"> United Nations <br> is established </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 112px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "103px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -95px; top: 100px;"> Charles Lindbergh <br> makes first non-stop <br> flight across Atlantic </div><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "25px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -62px; top: 140px;"> Philo T Farnsworth <br> invents television </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 152px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "163px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -76px; top: 165px;"> Penicillin isolated <br> by Alexander Fleming </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 192px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "193px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -142px; top: 195px; width: 170px;"> Edwin Hubble announces <br> that the universe is expanding </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 309px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "97px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -78px; top: 100px;"> <i>Empire State Building</i> <br> is completed </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 427px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "60px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -55px; top: 57px;"> The Richter Scale <br> completed by <br> seismologist <br> Charles Richter </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 465px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "106px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -71px; top: 103px;"> Precursor to first <br> computer is outlined <br> by Alan Turing </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 504px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "143px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -65px; top: 146px;"> Jet engine invented <br> by Frank Whittle </div><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "25px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -50px; top: 177px;"> Nylon invented <br> by WH Caruthers </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 543px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "195px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -71px; top: 200px;"> Xerography invented <br> by Chester Carlson </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 700px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "100px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -71px; top: 103px;"> First nuclear reactor <br> built by Enrico Fermi </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 817px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "130px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -100px; top: 133px;"> Microwave oven invented <br> by Percy Spenser </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 114px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "175px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left; color: #00A14B; left: 43px; top: 182px; width: 200px"> Martin Heidegger, <i>Being and Time</i> </div><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "20px" width = "1px" style="display: block; top: -1px;"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left; color: #00A14B; left: 43px; top: 208px; width: 120px"> BBC begin radio service </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 155px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "147px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #00A14B; left: 43px; top: 153px; ; width: 150px"> D.H. Lawrence, <br> <i>Lady Chatterley's Lover</i> </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 272px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "93px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -63px; top: 94px;"> Nation of Islam <br> founded by Wallace <br> Ford Muhammad </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 310px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "128px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -53px; top: 128px;"> Aldous Huxley, <br> <i>Brave New World</i> </div></div></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 387px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "180px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #00A14B; left: 43px; top: 183px; ; width: 183px"> Henry Miller, <br> <i>Tropic of Cancer</i> </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 465px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "150px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #00A14B; left: 43px; top: 150px; ; width: 183px"> Frank Lloyd Wright <br> builds <i>Falling Water</i>, <br> Bear Run, PA </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 622px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "93px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -91px; top: 94px; width: 120px"> Earnest Hemingway, <br> <i>For Whom the Bell Tolls</i> </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 660px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "124px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -90px; top: 124px; width: 120px"> <i>Citizen Kane</i> is <br> released in cinemas </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 738px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "150px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -90px; top: 150px; width: 120px"> John Paul Sartre, <br> <i>Being and Nothingness</i> </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 818px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "180px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -90px; top: 180px; width: 120px"> George Orwell, <br> <i>Animal Farm</i> </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 114px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "120px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #9E1F63; left: -90px; top: 113px; width: 120px"> Precisionist Charles <br> Sheeler documents <br> Ford's River <br> Rouge plant, Michigan </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 192px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "155px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #9E1F63; left: -90px; top: 160px; width: 120px"> Museum of Modern Art <br> opens in New York </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 348px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "108px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -58px; top: 106px;"> Nazis close down <br> the Bauhaus School </div><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "30px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -87px; top: 150px;"> Hans Hoffman opens his <br> art school in New York </div><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "40px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -88px; top: 187px;"> Controversy over <br> Diego Rivera's mural in <br> Rockefeller Center, NY </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 425px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "195px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 194px; ; width: 160px"> Walter Benjamin writes essay <br> "The Work of Art in the Age <br> of Mechanical Reproduction" </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 465px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "160px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 164px; ; width: 180px"> Walker Evans and others document <br> America as part of New Deal </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 503px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "88px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left; color: #9E1F63; left: 45px; top: 93px; width: 100px"> Nazis stage the "Degenerate <br> Art" show in Munich </div><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "25px" width = "1px" style="display: block; top: -1px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left; color: #9E1F63; left: 45px; top: 125px; width: 160px"> Great powers confront each <br> other at the Exposition <br> Internationale, Paris </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 543px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "20px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 24px; ; width: 120px"> Laszlo Moholy-Nagy <br> begins teaching at <br> the School of Design, <br> Chicago </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 660px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "150px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 154px; ; width: 160px"> Matisse begins cut-paper <br> collage technique </div></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="dix_otto" style="left: 76px; top: 368px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="dix_otto_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_dix_otto.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Portrait of the Journalist Sylvia von Harden, 1926"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="magritte_rene" style="left: 182px; top: 368px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="magritte_rene_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_magritte_rene.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="The Treachery of Images, 1929"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="moore_henry" style="left: 202px; top: 295px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_moore_henry.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Reclining Figure, 1929"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="moore_henry_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="dali_salvador" style="left: 270px; top: 295px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_dali_salvador.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="The Persistence of Memory, 1931"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="dali_salvador_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="cartier_bresson_henri" style="left: 310px; top: 368px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="cartier_bresson_henri_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_cartier_bresson_henri.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Hyères, France, 1932"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="rivera_diego" style="left: 348px; top: 295px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_rivera_diego.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Man at the Crossroads Looking with Hope and High Vision to the Choosing of a Better Future, 1933"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="rivera_diego_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="oppenheim_meret" style="left: 456px; top: 368px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="oppenheim_meret_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_oppenheim_meret.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Object, 1936"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="lange_dorothea" style="left: 476px; top: 295px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_lange_dorothea.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Migrant Mother, 1936"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="lange_dorothea_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="picasso_pablo3" style="left: 504px; top: 368px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="picasso_pablo3_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_picasso_pablo3.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Guernica, 1937"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="kahlo_frida" style="left: 777px; top: 295px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_kahlo_frida.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="The Broken Column, 1944"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="kahlo_frida_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div></td><td width="865" height="425" style="display: none;" id="tml_4" background="/images20/tml_top50_4.jpg"><div class="T_timeline_header" style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; position: absolute; left: 380px; top: 605px;"></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 70px; top: 575px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="art_informel">ART INFORMEL</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 220px; top: 550px; display: none; width: 300px"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="abstract_expressionism">ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 590px; top: 575px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="kinetic_art">KINETIC ART</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 590px; top: 550px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="op_art">OP ART</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 590px; top: 525px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="assemblage">ASSEMBLAGE</span></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 140px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "103px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -142px; top: 105px; width: 170px;"> India gains independence <br> from Britain </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 100px; left: 178px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "130px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -130px; top: 137px; width: 170px;"> Israel becomes independent </div><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "20px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -130px; top: 162px; width: 170px;"> Mahatma Gandhi assassinated </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 100px; left: 230px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "175px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -130px; top: 182px; width: 170px;"> Mao establishes People’s <br> Republic of China </div><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "20px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -130px; top: 207px; width: 170px;"> NATO formed </div><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "20px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -130px; top: 227px; width: 170px;"> Germany divided into capitalist <br> West and communist East </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 295px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "182px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 43px; top: 190px; width: 200px"> Korean War begins </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 348px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "150px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 43px; top: 155px; width: 200px"> Dwight Eisenhower <br> becomes US president </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 100px; left: 437px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "90px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -130px; top: 97px; width: 170px;"> Korean War ends </div><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "20px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -130px; top: 122px; width: 170px;"> Death of <br> Joseph Stalin </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 100px; left: 593px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "90px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -130px; top: 97px; width: 170px;"> Suez Crisis </div><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "20px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -130px; top: 122px; width: 170px;"> Bus boycott in <br> Montgomery, Alabama </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 100px; left: 645px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "147px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -130px; top: 150px; width: 170px;"> Treaty of Rome establishes <br> European Economic Union </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 100px; left: 750px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "127px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -130px; top: 130px; width: 170px;"> Fidel Castro takes <br> power in Cuba </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; left: 172px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "145px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="left: 13px; top: 150px; width: 150px"> The transistors is invented <br> at Bell Telephone Laboratories </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 451px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "100px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -171px; top: 103px; width: 200px"> Francis Crick and James <br> Watson discover structure of DNA </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 504px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "143px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -48px; top: 146px;"> US explode first <br> hydrogen bomb </div><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "25px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -58px; top: 177px;"> Contraceptive pill <br> is invented </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 660px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "100px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -171px; top: 103px; width: 200px"> Launch of Sputnik I, <br> first artificial satellite </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 816px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "100px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -171px; top: 103px; width: 200px"> Theodore Maiman <br> produces first laser </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 140px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "128px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -79px; top: 128px;"> Anti-Communist HUAC <br> hearings in Hollywood </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 348px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "108px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -81px; top: 108px;"> JD Salinger, <br> <i>The Catcher in the Rye</i> </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 450px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "130px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -55px; top: 134px;"> Samuel Beckett, <br> <i>Waiting for Godot</i> </div><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "25px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -75px; top: 164px;"> L. Ron Hubbard forms <br> Church of Scientology </div><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "25px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -98px; top: 198px;"> Edmund Hillary and Tenzig <br> Norgay scale Mt Everest </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 504px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "190px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #00A14B; left: 43px; top: 180px; ; width: 193px"> JRR Tolkein publishes first <br> instalments of <i>Lord of the Rings</i> </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 609px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "108px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -65px; top: 106px;"> First performance <br> of John Osborne’s <br> <i>Look Back in Anger</i> </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 660px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "142px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -38px; top: 145px;"> Jack Keroac, <br> <i>On the Road</i> </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 764px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "202px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #00A14B; left: -60px; top: 205px;"> Vladimir Nabokov, <br> <i>Lolita</i> </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 88px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "220px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 224px; width: 200px"> Jean Dubuffet causes scandal with <br> exhibition at Galerie Rene Drouin </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 140px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "190px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 194px; width: 200px"> Jackson Pollock begins <br> drip paintings </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 192px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "95px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 94px; width: 200px"> Alberto Giacometti <br> holds his first <br> post-war exhibition </div><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "25px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #9E1F63; left: 41px; top: 135px; width: 200px"> Willem de Kooning’s <br> first solo exhibition </div><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "25px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 165px; width: 200px"> Barnett Newman <br> paints <i>Onement I</i> </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 295px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "190px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 194px; width: 200px"> The Abstract Expressionist <br> ‘Irascibles’ protest against <br> Metropolitan Museum </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 400px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "95px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -60px; top: 96px;"> Harold Rosenberg, <br> "The American <br> Action Painters" </div><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "40px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -60px; top: 140px;"> The Independent <br> Group begin <br> meeting in London </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 450px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "190px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 194px; width: 200px"> Robert Rauschenberg, <br> <i>Erased De Kooning Drawing</i> </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 504px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "160px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 164px; width: 200px"> Jasper Johns begins <br> work on <i>Flag</i> </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 554px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "130px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 134px; width: 200px"> Clement Greenberg, <br> "American-Type Painting" </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 608px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "100px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 104px; width: 200px"> Jackson Pollock <br> dies in car crash </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 765px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "160px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -84px; top: 164px;"> Hard-edged abstraction <br> debuts in Los Angeles </div><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "30px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right;color: #9E1F63; left: -120px; top: 197px; width: 150px"> Survey of post-war <br> figuration, "New Images <br> of Man," at MoMA, NY </div></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="pollock_jackson" style="left: 140px; top: 295px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_pollock_jackson.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Full Fathom Five, 1947"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="pollock_jackson_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="newman_barnett" style="left: 192px; top: 368px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="newman_barnett_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_newman_barnett.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Onement I, 1948"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="dubuffet_jean" style="left: 296px; top: 295px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_dubuffet_jean.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Corps de Dame-Chateau d'Etoupe, 1950"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="dubuffet_jean_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="de_kooning_willem" style="left: 348px; top: 368px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="de_kooning_willem_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_de_kooning_willem.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Woman I, 1950-2"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="bacon_francis" style="left: 452px; top: 295px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_bacon_francis.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Study after Velazquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X, 1953"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="bacon_francis_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="johns_jasper" style="left: 530px; top: 368px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="johns_jasper_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_johns_jasper.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Flag, 1954-5"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="frank_robert" style="left: 556px; top: 295px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_frank_robert.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Parade, Hoboken, New Jersey, 1955"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="frank_robert_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="rothko_mark" style="left: 712px; top: 368px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="rothko_mark_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_rothko_mark.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Four Darks in Red, 1958"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="stella_frank" style="left: 764px; top: 295px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_stella_frank.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Die Fahne Hoch!, 1959"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="stella_frank_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div></td><td width="865" height="425" style="display: none;" id="tml_5" background="/images20/tml_top50_5.jpg"><div class="T_timeline_header" style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; position: absolute; left: 370px; top: 605px;"></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 70px; top: 575px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="pop_art">POP ART</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 145px; top: 550px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="fluxus">FLUXUS</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 220px; top: 525px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="arte_povera">ARTE POVERA</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 540px; top: 575px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="minimalism">MINIMALISM</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 615px; top: 550px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="post_minimalism">POST-MINIMALISM</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 695px; top: 525px; display: none;"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="conceptual_art">CONCEPTUAL ART</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 775px; top: 575px; display: none; width: 115px"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="performance_art">PERFORMANCE ART</span></div><div class="movement" style="position: absolute; left: 800px; top: 550px; display: none; width: 90px"><span class="chart-tooltip-target-bottom" id="land_art">LAND ART</span></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 113px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "63px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -142px; top: 65px; width: 170px;"> East German <br> government builds <br> Berlin Wall </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 193px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "98px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -142px; top: 105px; width: 170px;"> Cuban missile crisis </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 270px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "120px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -142px; top: 128px; width: 170px;"> John F. Kennedy assassinated </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 348px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "145px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -142px; top: 151px; width: 170px;"> Vietnam War begins </div><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "25px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -142px; top: 182px; width: 170px;"> US begins bombing North Vietnam </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 427px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "195px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; text-align: right; left: -142px; top: 203px; width: 170px;"> Malcolm X assassinated </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 505px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "212px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 43px; top: 215px; width: 200px"> Cultural Revolution <br> begins in China </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 583px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "182px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 43px; top: 185px; width: 200px"> Six Day War. Israel defeats <br> Egypt, Syria and Jordan </div></center></div><div name="social" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 660px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "122px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 43px; top: 125px; width: 200px"> Martin Luther King, <br> Jr. assassinated </div><img src='/images20/red_line_down.png' alt="Red line" height = "20px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/red_dot.gif' alt="Red dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #BE1E2D; left: 43px; top: 157px; width: 200px"> Vietnam War protests grow </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; left: 146px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "195px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="left: 13px; top: 200px; width: 150px"> Yuri Gagarin becomes <br> first man in space </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; left: 223px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "145px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="left: 13px; top: 150px; width: 150px"> Broadcast of first transatlantic<br>television signals via satellite </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 426px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "105px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -171px; top: 103px; width: 200px"> Arno Penzias and Robert <br> Wilson discover cosmic <br> background radiation </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 582px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "125px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -171px; top: 123px; width: 200px"> Christiaan Barnard <br> completes first successful <br> heart transplant </div></center></div><div name="technological" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 738px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/blue_line_down.png' alt="Blue line" height = "120px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/blue_dot.gif' alt="Blue dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; left: -171px; top: 123px; width: 200px"> Neil Armstrong becomes <br> first man on moon </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 192px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "100px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #00A14B; left: 45px; top: 105px; ; width: 150px"> Second Vatican Council <br> liberalises Catholic Church </div><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "35px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #00A14B; left: 45px; top: 150px; ; width: 150px"> Joseph Heller, <i>Catch-22</i> </div></center></div><div name="cultural" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 582px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "100px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #00A14B; left: 45px; top: 105px; ; width: 150px"> The Beatles,<br> <i>Sergeant Pepper’s <br> Lonely Hearts Club Band</i> </div><img src='/images20/green_line_down.png' alt="Green line" height = "35px" width = "1px" style="display: block;"><img src='/images20/green_dot.gif' alt="Green dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: left ;color: #00A14B; left: 45px; top: 150px; ; width: 150px"> Jacques Derrida, <br> <i>Writing and Difference</i> </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 114px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "80px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #9E1F63; left: -70px; top: 73px; width: 100px"> Roy Lichtenstein <br> stages his first <br> Pop art exhibition </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 190px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "115px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #9E1F63; left: -110px; top: 118px; width: 140px"> Andy Warhol stages his <br> first Pop art exhibition </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 270px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "140px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #9E1F63; left: -110px; top: 143px; width: 140px"> Marcel Duchamp retrospective, <br> Pasadena, CA </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 348px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "175px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #9E1F63; left: -110px; top: 178px; width: 140px"> Clement Greenberg curates <br> "Post-Painterly Abstraction" </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 425px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "210px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #9E1F63; left: -110px; top: 213px; width: 140px"> Joseph Kosuth creates <br> <i>One and Three Chairs</i> </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px;left: 504px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "210px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="color: #9E1F63; left: 43px; top: 214px; width: 200px"> Survey of Minimalism, "Primary <br> Structures," at Jewish Museum, NY </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 660px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "110px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #9E1F63; left: -70px; top: 113px; width: 100px"> Valerie Solanas <br> shoots Andy Warhol </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 738px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "140px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #9E1F63; left: -113px; top: 143px; width: 140px"> Survey of Conceptual art, <br> "Information," at MoMA, NY </div></center></div><div name="artistic" class="timeline-event" style="cursor: arrow; position: absolute; width: 70px; left: 816px; top: 317px; display: none;"><center><img src='/images20/purple_line_down.png' alt="Purple line" height = "170px" width = "1px" style="display: block; padding-top: 10px;"><img src='/images20/purple_dot.gif' alt="Purple dot" style="display: block; "><div id="T_rop50_label" style="text-align: right; color: #9E1F63; left: -113px; top: 173px; width: 140px"> Robert Smithson creates <br> <i>Spiral Jetty</i> </div></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="warhol_andy" style="left: 193px; top: 368px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="warhol_andy_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_warhol_andy.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Gold Marilyn Monroe, 1962"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="baselitz_georg" style="left: 232px; top: 295px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_baselitz_georg.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Die Grosse Nacht im Eimer (Great Night Down the Drain), 1962-3"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="baselitz_georg_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="beuys_joseph" style="left: 349px; top: 368px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="beuys_joseph_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_beuys_joseph.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Fat Chair, 1964"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="kosuth_joseph" style="left: 426px; top: 295px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_kosuth_joseph.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="One and Three Chairs, 1965"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="kosuth_joseph_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="andre_carl" style="left: 505px; top: 368px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="andre_carl_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_andre_carl.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Equivalent (VIII), 1966"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target" id="judd_donald" style="left: 583px; top: 368px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="judd_donald_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_judd_donald.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Untitled (Stack), 1967"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target_2" id="hesse_eva" style="left: 661px; top: 295px;"><center><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_hesse_eva.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Contingent, 1968"><img src='/images20/funnel_down.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel down"><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="hesse_eva_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"></center></div><div class="tooltip-target-left" id="smithson_robert" style="left: 816px; top: 368px;"><center><img class="timeline_dot" style="position: relative; top: 0px;" id="smithson_robert_dot" src='/images20/point_off.gif' alt="Timeline dot"><img src='/images20/funnel_up.png' style="display: block;" alt="Funnel up"><img src="/images20/top50/vsmall_smithson_robert.jpg" width="42" height="42" style="display: block;" alt="Spiral Jetty, 1970"></center></div></td><td width="15" id="sidebar_right" height="366" style="cursor: pointer;" background="/images20/tml_nxt_off.jpg"></td></tr><tr><table><tr><td><div id="T_rop50_bottom_label" style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #59595c; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 15px;"> INTERACT WITH THIS TIMELINE: </div></td></tr><tr><div id="T_rop50_bottom_label"><td style="font-weight: normal; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color: #59595c; padding-left: 4px; font-size: 14px;"> See the historical events that happened as these revolutionary artworks were created. </td><td><span class="simple-tooltip-target-top" id="The historical events that are detailed on this timeline are offered only to provide context, and to explain what was happening in the world during the period. We do not mean to suggest that the artists were directly influenced by them, though a few were. Some artists respond quickly and clearly to historical events, some do not, and some respond in ways that are subtle, surprising, and almost hidden from view."><img src="/images20/timelines/infoicon.png" style="display: block; cursor: pointer; " alt="Information"></span></td></div></tr></table><table id="bottom_labels" style="padding-left: 25px; display: "><tr><td><div id="social" onclick="return showLabels(this)" class="timeline_button_text"> Political and Social </div></td><td><div id="technological" onclick="return showLabels(this)" class="timeline_button_text"> Technological </div></td><td><div id="cultural" onclick="return showLabels(this)" class="timeline_button_text"> Cultural </div></td><td><div id="artistic" onclick="return showLabels(this)" class="timeline_button_text"> Artistic </div></td><td style="padding-left: 300px;"></td></tr></table><div id="T_rop50_bottom_label" style="font-weight: normal; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color: #59595c; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 14px; font-size: 14px;" colspan ="9"><table><tr><td> Click here to find out more about the styles that shaped modern sculpture </td><td><span class="simple-tooltip-target-top" id="These styles and movements have been selected to provide some context for the artworks. But please note that not all of them relate directly to the artworks illustrated, as many styles and movements can flourish simultaneously."><img src="/images20/timelines/infoicon.png" style="display: block; cursor: pointer; " alt="Information"></span></td></tr></table></div><div id="movbtn" onclick="return showMovements()" class="timeline_button_text" style="width: 70px; margin-left: 30px; margin-top: 5px;"> Movements </div></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div></div> </div></div></div><div class="minimap-container"><div class="minimap"><div class="minimap-col"><div class="minimap-header">Movements</div><div class="minimap-items"><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/movement/art-nouveau/" class="minimap-link">Art Nouveau</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/movement/bauhaus/" class="minimap-link">Bauhaus</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/movement/dada/" class="minimap-link">Dada</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/movement/pop-art/" class="minimap-link">Pop Art</a> </div><div class="minimap-item-space"></div> <a href="/movements/" class="minimap-all-link"> <div class="minimap-item-all"> All Movements </div> </a> </div></div><div class="minimap-col"><div class="minimap-header">Artists</div><div class="minimap-items"><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/artist/duchamp-marcel/" class="minimap-link">Marcel Duchamp</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/artist/magritte-rene/" class="minimap-link">Rene Magritte</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/artist/rothko-mark/" class="minimap-link">Mark Rothko</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/artist/pollock-jackson/" class="minimap-link">Jackson Pollock</a> </div><div class="minimap-item-space"></div> <a href="/artists/" class="minimap-all-link"> <div class="minimap-item-all">All Artists</div> </a> </div></div><div class="minimap-col"><div class="minimap-header">Timelines</div><div class="minimap-items"><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/section-movements-timeline.htm" class="minimap-link">Movements Timeline</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/top50.htm" class="minimap-link">The Top 50 Timeline</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/sculpture-timeline.htm" class="minimap-link">The Modern Sculpture Timeline</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/timeline-abex.htm" class="minimap-link">AbEx Timeline</a> </div><div class="minimap-item-space"></div> <a href="/section-timelines.htm" class="minimap-all-link"> <div class="minimap-item-all">All Timelines</div> </a> </div></div><div class="minimap-col"><div class="minimap-header">Ideas</div><div class="minimap-items"><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/definition/modern-art/" class="minimap-link">Modern Art - Defined</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/definition/postmodernism/" class="minimap-link">Postmodernism - Defined</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/ideas/#nav-definitions" class="minimap-link">Art Terms</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/ideas/#nav-influencers" class="minimap-link">Art Influencers</a> </div><div class="minimap-item-space"></div> <a href="/ideas/" class="minimap-all-link"> <div class="minimap-item-all"> Full Section Overview </div> </a> </div></div><div class="minimap-col minimap-col-tas"><div class="minimap-header"><div class="minimap-logo-text">The Art Story</div><div class="minimap-logo-img"> <a href="/"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/logos/logo-220x48-white.svg" width="220" height="48" alt="TheArtStory.org - Your Guide to Modern Art"></a> </div><div class="minimap-header-addition">a 501(c)3 Nonprofit</div></div><div class="minimap-items"><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/about-us.htm" class="minimap-link">About Us</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/contact-us.htm" class="minimap-link">Contact Us</a> </div><div class="minimap-item-space"></div> <a href="/help-us.htm" class="donate-button">SUPPORT US</a> </div></div></div></div> <style>#pmLink{visibility:hidden;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;background:#fff0;border:none;padding:0;font:400 12px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:gray;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:25px;position:absolute}#pmLink:hover{visibility:visible;color:808080}</style><div class="footer-container"><div class="footer"><div class="footer-logo"> <a href="/"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/logos/logo-220x48.svg" width="220" height="48" alt="TheArtStory.org - Your Guide to Modern Art"></a> </div><div class="footer-links"><div class="footer-text">©2008-2024 The Art Story Foundation. 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