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oljepalme – Store norske leksikon

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</div> </div> </div> <div class="l-article__breadcrumb"> <nav class="breadcrumbs" aria-label="Brødsmulesti"> <ol class="breadcrumbs__list" itemprop="breadcrumb" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"> <li class="breadcrumbs__item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"> <a href="https://snl.no/" itemprop="item" class="breadcrumbs__link"> <span itemprop="name">Store norske leksikon</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs__item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"> <a href="https://snl.no/.taxonomy/75" itemprop="item" class="breadcrumbs__link"> <span itemprop="name">Biologi</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs__item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"> <a href="https://snl.no/.taxonomy/5015" itemprop="item" class="breadcrumbs__link"> <span itemprop="name">Planteriket</span> </a> 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itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"> <a href="https://snl.no/.taxonomy/6629" itemprop="item" class="breadcrumbs__link"> <span itemprop="name">Palmefamilien</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="7"> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> <div class="l-article__menu"> <div class="l-article__toc"> <nav class="toc" aria-label="Innhold"> <ul class="toc__list"> <li class="toc__item"> <a href="/oljepalme#-Beskrivelse" class="toc__link">Beskrivelse</a> </li> <li class="toc__item"> <a href="/oljepalme#-Afrikansk_oljepalme" class="toc__link">Afrikansk oljepalme</a> </li> <li class="toc__item"> <a href="/oljepalme#-Produksjon" class="toc__link">Produksjon</a> </li> <li class="toc__item"> <a href="/oljepalme#-Amerikansk_oljepalme" class="toc__link">Amerikansk oljepalme</a> </li> <li class="toc__item"> <a href="/oljepalme#-Bruk_av_palmeolje_i_Norge" class="toc__link">Bruk av palmeolje i Norge</a> </li> <li class="toc__item"> <a href="/oljepalme#-Les_mer_i_Store_norske_leksikon" class="toc__link">Les mer i Store norske leksikon</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <aside class="highlighted-authors highlighted-authors--single"> <h2 class="highlighted-authors__heading"> Skrevet av </h2> <ul class="highlighted-authors__list"> <li class="highlighted-authors__item"> <a href="https://brukere.snl.no/27529" class="highlighted-authors__author-link"> <div class="highlighted-authors__image"> <figure class="profile-image"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/users/27529/thumb_finn-ervik.jpg" alt="" class="profile-image__image"> </figure> </div> <div class="highlighted-authors__author-academic-title"> </div> <span class="highlighted-authors__author-name"> Finn Ervik </span> </a> <div class="highlighted-authors__institution"> <a href="https://meta.snl.no/https://meta.snl.no/Universitetet_i_Oslo_i_Store_norske_leksikon" class="highlighted-authors__institution-link"> Universitetet i Oslo </a> </div> </li> </ul> </aside> </div> <div class="l-article__section"> <div class="l-article__figure l-article__figure--normal l-article__figure--picture" id="media-135022"> <figure class="picture picture--zoomable" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="picture__image-wrapper"> <button type="button" data-zoomable="media-135022" data-zoomable-class="l-article__figure--zoomed" class="picture__zoom-trigger"> <img src="/packs/static/images/zoom_in-a83729d6dfabb3524fa0.svg" alt="Zoom inn" class="picture__zoom-icon"> </button> <img src="https://media.snl.no/media/135022/standard_compressed_oljepalme.jpg" alt="Oljepalme" width="1200" height="800" data-alt-url="https://media.snl.no/media/135022/standard_oljepalme.jpg" class="picture__image" itemprop="contentUrl"> </div> <figcaption class="picture__caption"> <div itemprop="caption"> <div></div> </div> <div class="picture__attribution"> <div class="media-attribution-block"> <div class="media-attribution-block__attribute"> <a itemprop="name" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elaeis_guineensis_MS_3467.jpg">Oljepalme</a> </div> <div class="media-attribution-block__attribute"> <span class="media-attribution-block__attribution"> Av </span> <a itemprop="author" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Marco_Schmidt">Marco Schmidt </a>. </div> <div class="media-attribution-block__attribute"> Lisens: <a itemprop="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.no">CC BY SA 2.0</a> </div> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="l-article__figure l-article__figure--normal l-article__figure--picture" id="media-136076"> <figure class="picture picture--zoomable" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="picture__image-wrapper"> <button type="button" data-zoomable="media-136076" data-zoomable-class="l-article__figure--zoomed" class="picture__zoom-trigger"> <img src="/packs/static/images/zoom_in-a83729d6dfabb3524fa0.svg" alt="Zoom inn" class="picture__zoom-icon"> </button> <img src="https://media.snl.no/media/136076/standard_compressed_P2050353.JPG" alt="Oljepalmeplantasje i Costa Rica, fruktstand i forgrunnen" width="1200" height="900" data-alt-url="https://media.snl.no/media/136076/standard_P2050353.JPG" class="picture__image" itemprop="contentUrl"> </div> <figcaption class="picture__caption"> <div itemprop="caption"> <div>Oljepalmeplantasje i Costa Rica, fruktstand i forgrunnen</div> </div> <div class="picture__attribution"> <div class="media-attribution-block"> <div class="media-attribution-block__attribute"> <span itemprop="name">Oljepalmeplantasje i Costa Rica, fruktstand i forgrunnen</span> </div> <div class="media-attribution-block__attribute"> <span class="media-attribution-block__attribution"> Av </span> <a itemprop="author" href="https://brukere.snl.no/27529">Finn Ervik</a>. </div> <div class="media-attribution-block__attribute"> Lisens: <a itemprop="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/no/">CC BY NC SA 3.0</a> </div> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="l-article__figure l-article__figure--normal"> <figure class="chart js-chart" data-chart-type="linechart"> <h2 class="chart__heading">Global produksjon av oljepalmefrukt, 1961-2021</h2> <table id="media-271861-table"> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1961">1961</th> <td>13636250</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1962">1962</th> <td>13245466</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1963">1963</th> <td>13579681</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1964">1964</th> <td>13589323</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1965">1965</th> <td>13791506</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1966">1966</th> <td>13691499</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1967">1967</th> <td>13145568</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1968">1968</th> <td>14074539</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1969">1969</th> <td>14770861</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1970">1970</th> <td>15127942</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1971">1971</th> <td>16318727</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1972">1972</th> <td>16674448</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1973">1973</th> <td>17320637</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1974">1974</th> <td>19498488</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1975">1975</th> <td>20971418</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1976">1976</th> <td>21252831</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1977">1977</th> <td>22281025</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1978">1978</th> <td>24798566</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1979">1979</th> <td>27316222</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1980">1980</th> <td>29858675</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1981">1981</th> <td>31000047</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1982">1982</th> <td>35756699</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1983">1983</th> <td>33295322</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1984">1984</th> <td>40399328</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1985">1985</th> <td>43223956</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1986">1986</th> <td>46917489</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1987">1987</th> <td>48090189</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1988">1988</th> <td>52956114</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1989">1989</th> <td>58856609</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1990">1990</th> <td>60902077</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1991">1991</th> <td>63309789</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1992">1992</th> <td>67369074</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1993">1993</th> <td>79168254</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1994">1994</th> <td>81729104</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1995">1995</th> <td>88598733</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1996">1996</th> <td>93570473.7</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1997">1997</th> <td>99471849.88</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1998">1998</th> <td>99224819.59</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1999">1999</th> <td>114763592.25</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2000">2000</th> <td>120870856.6</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2001">2001</th> <td>129356730.67</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2002">2002</th> <td>136066489.52</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2003">2003</th> <td>150887869.19</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2004">2004</th> <td>164052066.6</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2005">2005</th> <td>182598049.63</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2006">2006</th> <td>196617239.81</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2007">2007</th> <td>193805431.12</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2008">2008</th> <td>213625253.64</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2009">2009</th> <td>216650372.05</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2010">2010</th> <td>271147815.65</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2011">2011</th> <td>296436243.62</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2012">2012</th> <td>308999146.17</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2013">2013</th> <td>325638963.73</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2014">2014</th> <td>327489109.06</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2015">2015</th> <td>336102132.43</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2016">2016</th> <td>334126097.77</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2017">2017</th> <td>407828838.4</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2018">2018</th> <td>410853536.98</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2019">2019</th> <td>414111730.03</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2020">2020</th> <td>413445132.13</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2021">2021</th> <td>416396560.39</td> </tr> </table> <figcaption class="chart__caption"> Kilde: <a href="https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home">FAOSTAT</a> <button data-target="media-271861-table" type="button" class="button js-chart-toggle button--standalone"> <span class="button__text">Vis data</span> </button> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="l-article__figure l-article__figure--normal"> <figure class="chart js-chart" data-chart-type="linechart"> <h2 class="chart__heading">Global produksjon av palmeolje, 1961-2020</h2> <table id="media-271862-table"> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1961">1961</th> <td>1478901</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1962">1962</th> <td>1475941</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1963">1963</th> <td>1535070</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1964">1964</th> <td>1570032</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1965">1965</th> <td>1576213</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1966">1966</th> <td>1666205</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1967">1967</th> <td>1669217</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1968">1968</th> <td>1823724</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1969">1969</th> <td>1942471</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1970">1970</th> <td>1937339</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1971">1971</th> <td>2159330</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1972">1972</th> <td>2308616</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1973">1973</th> <td>2412388</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1974">1974</th> <td>2810191</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1975">1975</th> <td>3130953</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1976">1976</th> <td>3321918</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1977">1977</th> <td>3561794</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1978">1978</th> <td>3840547</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1979">1979</th> <td>4528449</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1980">1980</th> <td>5082953</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1981">1981</th> <td>5295847</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1982">1982</th> <td>6173947</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1983">1983</th> <td>5806853</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1984">1984</th> <td>6822507</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1985">1985</th> <td>7585207</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1986">1986</th> <td>8275833</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1987">1987</th> <td>8536727</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1988">1988</th> <td>9293011</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1989">1989</th> <td>10787059</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1990">1990</th> <td>11449105</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1991">1991</th> <td>11879204</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1992">1992</th> <td>12857624</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1993">1993</th> <td>14155115</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1994">1994</th> <td>14719162</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1995">1995</th> <td>15935864</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1996">1996</th> <td>17009521</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1997">1997</th> <td>18284798</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1998">1998</th> <td>18216018</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1999">1999</th> <td>20736371</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2000">2000</th> <td>22227769</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2001">2001</th> <td>24835758</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2002">2002</th> <td>26136149</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2003">2003</th> <td>28677264</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2004">2004</th> <td>30062437</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2005">2005</th> <td>32268253</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2006">2006</th> <td>39421909</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2007">2007</th> <td>39762987</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2008">2008</th> <td>42352908.92</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2009">2009</th> <td>43871700.23</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2010">2010</th> <td>45843029.19</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2011">2011</th> <td>49642886.22</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2012">2012</th> <td>52905473.64</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2013">2013</th> <td>55542479.7</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2014">2014</th> <td>58065979.87</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2015">2015</th> <td>60810875.42</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2016">2016</th> <td>58618560.58</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2017">2017</th> <td>69478376.75</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2018">2018</th> <td>72174258.73</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2019">2019</th> <td>79067790.67</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2020">2020</th> <td>75875549.05</td> </tr> </table> <figcaption class="chart__caption"> Kilde: <a href="https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home">FAOSTAT</a> <button data-target="media-271862-table" type="button" class="button js-chart-toggle button--standalone"> <span class="button__text">Vis data</span> </button> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="l-article__figure l-article__figure--normal"> <figure class="chart js-chart" data-chart-type="linechart"> <h2 class="chart__heading">Global produksjon av palmekjerneolje, 1961-2020</h2> <table id="media-271863-table"> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1961">1961</th> <td>487161.89</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1962">1962</th> <td>487891.07</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1963">1963</th> <td>450478.08</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1964">1964</th> <td>489645.8</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1965">1965</th> <td>510971.31</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1966">1966</th> <td>510051.48</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1967">1967</th> <td>430505.84</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1968">1968</th> <td>448699.32</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1969">1969</th> <td>496728.96</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1970">1970</th> <td>498531.48</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1971">1971</th> <td>520526.42</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1972">1972</th> <td>501535.03</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1973">1973</th> <td>483329.25</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1974">1974</th> <td>585182.3</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1975">1975</th> <td>569496.03</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1976">1976</th> <td>582040.87</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1977">1977</th> <td>638922.78</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1978">1978</th> <td>621780.11</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1979">1979</th> <td>687383.39</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1980">1980</th> <td>719673.59</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1981">1981</th> <td>753717.18</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1982">1982</th> <td>860126.7</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1983">1983</th> <td>889097.14</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1984">1984</th> <td>1004410.03</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1985">1985</th> <td>1174257.34</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1986">1986</th> <td>1235665.46</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1987">1987</th> <td>1217839.2</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1988">1988</th> <td>1333816.11</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1989">1989</th> <td>1558005.21</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1990">1990</th> <td>1674660.08</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1991">1991</th> <td>1588417.23</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1992">1992</th> <td>1664850.3</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1993">1993</th> <td>1923997.94</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1994">1994</th> <td>2000245.18</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1995">1995</th> <td>2075819.01</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1996">1996</th> <td>2254233.03</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1997">1997</th> <td>2367125.19</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1998">1998</th> <td>2311613.33</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="1999">1999</th> <td>2675000.2</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2000">2000</th> <td>2755143.07</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2001">2001</th> <td>3025266.6</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2002">2002</th> <td>3135267.98</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2003">2003</th> <td>3427552.35</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2004">2004</th> <td>3656747.49</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2005">2005</th> <td>4048223.72</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2006">2006</th> <td>4451928.24</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2007">2007</th> <td>4574537.72</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2008">2008</th> <td>4980852.98</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2009">2009</th> <td>5165021.54</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2010">2010</th> <td>5167612.58</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2011">2011</th> <td>5553442.25</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2012">2012</th> <td>5978686.94</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2013">2013</th> <td>6315095.08</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2014">2014</th> <td>6564425.97</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2015">2015</th> <td>6837528.87</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2016">2016</th> <td>6377712.63</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2017">2017</th> <td>7312528.01</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2018">2018</th> <td>7918770.85</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2019">2019</th> <td>8252654.25</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-iso="2020">2020</th> <td>7997547.91</td> </tr> </table> <figcaption class="chart__caption"> Kilde: <a href="https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home">FAOSTAT</a> <button data-target="media-271863-table" type="button" class="button js-chart-toggle button--standalone"> <span class="button__text">Vis data</span> </button> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <section class="l-article__body-text" id="_article-top"> <div class="article-text"> <p>Oljepalme er en <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/slekt_-_biologi">planteslekt</a> i <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/palme">palmefamilien</a> med to <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/art_-_biologi">arter</a>. Den er uvanlig ved at den ene arten hører hjemme i <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/Afrika">Afrika</a>, den andre i <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/Amerika">Amerika</a>. Den afrikanske arten dyrkes i <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/plantasje">plantasjer</a> i tropiske regnskogområder i <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/Asia">Asia</a>, Amerika og Afrika og er den viktigste tropiske kilden til <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/vegetabilsk">vegetabilsk</a> olje (<a class="crossref" href="https://sml.snl.no/palmeolje">palmeolje</a>). I <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/Indonesia">Indonesia</a> er palmeoljeproduksjon den viktigste årsaken til ødeleggelsen av leveområdene til <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/neshorn">sumatraneshorn</a> og <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/orangutang">orangutangen</a>. Palmeolje brukes dessuten til produksjon av <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/biodiesel">biodiesel</a>, og etterspørselen etter dette har lagt ytterligere press på <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/regnskog">regnskogområder</a>.</p> </div> <div class="l-article__factbox"> <section class="factbox"> <div class="factbox__main-content"> <h2 class="factbox__heading">Faktaboks</h2> <dl class="factbox__facts"> <div class="factbox__fact-item"> <dt class="factbox__fact-term"> <a href="https://snl.no/latinske_navn_-_biologi">Vitenskapelig navn</a> </dt> <dd class="factbox__fact-description"> <i>Elaeis</i> </dd> </div> <div class="factbox__fact-item"> <dt class="factbox__fact-term"> Beskrevet av </dt> <dd class="factbox__fact-description"> Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin </dd> </div> <div class="factbox__fact-item"> <dt class="factbox__fact-term"> Årlig global produksjon </dt> <dd class="factbox__fact-description"> 416,4 millioner tonn (2021) </dd> </div> </dl> </div> </section> </div> <div class="article-text"> <p>Betegnelsen «oljepalme» brukes også mindre spesifikt om andre palmer med oljerike frukter.</p> </div> </section> </div> <section class="l-article__section" id="-Beskrivelse"> <h2 class="l-article__subheading"> Beskrivelse </h2> <div class="l-article__figure l-article__figure--normal l-article__figure--picture" id="media-197801"> <figure class="picture picture--zoomable" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="picture__image-wrapper"> <button type="button" data-zoomable="media-197801" data-zoomable-class="l-article__figure--zoomed" class="picture__zoom-trigger"> <img src="/packs/static/images/zoom_in-a83729d6dfabb3524fa0.svg" alt="Zoom inn" class="picture__zoom-icon"> </button> <img src="https://media.snl.no/media/197801/standard_compressed_31250663594_e61f8731f7_4k.jpg" alt="Krabi" width="1200" height="900" data-alt-url="https://media.snl.no/media/197801/standard_31250663594_e61f8731f7_4k.jpg" class="picture__image" itemprop="contentUrl"> </div> <figcaption class="picture__caption"> <div itemprop="caption"> <div>Gummi- og oljepalmeplantasje i Thailand.</div> </div> <div class="picture__attribution"> <div class="media-attribution-block"> <div class="media-attribution-block__attribute"> <a itemprop="name" href="http://www.grida.no/resources/3058">Krabi</a> </div> <div class="media-attribution-block__attribute"> <span class="media-attribution-block__attribution"> Av </span> <span itemprop="author">Peter Prokosch</span>/UNEP/GRID Arendal. </div> <div class="media-attribution-block__attribute"> Lisens: <a itemprop="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.no">CC BY NC SA 2.0</a> </div> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="l-article__body-text"> <div class="article-text"> <p><a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/blad">Bladet</a> er finnete med skarpe torner på bladstilken. Oljepalmen er <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/sambu">sambu</a>. De <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/enkj%C3%B8nnet">enkjønnete</a> blomstene sitter i tette, enkjønnete <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/blomsterstand">blomsterstander</a> på samme individ, men er normalt atskilt i tid, slik at treet på et gitt tidspunkt er enten hannlig eller hunnlig. <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/frukt">Fruktene</a> er rødlige, oransje eller nesten svarte, eggformete, har ett <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/fr%C3%B8">frø</a> og danner en tett <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/fruktstand">fruktstand</a>.</p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-article__section" id="-Afrikansk_oljepalme"> <h2 class="l-article__subheading"> Afrikansk oljepalme </h2> <div class="l-article__figure l-article__figure--normal l-article__figure--picture" id="media-135805"> <figure class="picture picture--medium-portrait picture--zoomable" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="picture__image-wrapper"> <button type="button" data-zoomable="media-135805" data-zoomable-class="l-article__figure--zoomed" class="picture__zoom-trigger"> <img src="/packs/static/images/zoom_in-a83729d6dfabb3524fa0.svg" alt="Zoom inn" class="picture__zoom-icon"> </button> <img src="https://media.snl.no/media/135805/standard_compressed_Elaeis_guineensis__Delta_du_Saloum__Senegal__12.1997.jpg" alt="Elaeis guineensis i Delta du Saloum, Senegal" width="819" height="1200" data-alt-url="https://media.snl.no/media/135805/standard_Elaeis_guineensis__Delta_du_Saloum__Senegal__12.1997.jpg" class="picture__image" itemprop="contentUrl"> </div> <figcaption class="picture__caption"> <div itemprop="caption"> <div> <em>Elaeis guineensis</em> i Delta du Saloum, Senegal. Høsting av palmevin</div> </div> <div class="picture__attribution"> <div class="media-attribution-block"> <div class="media-attribution-block__attribute"> <span itemprop="name">Elaeis guineensis i Delta du Saloum, Senegal</span> </div> <div class="media-attribution-block__attribute"> <span class="media-attribution-block__attribution"> Av </span> <a itemprop="author" href="https://brukere.snl.no/27529">Finn Ervik</a>. </div> <div class="media-attribution-block__attribute"> Lisens: <a itemprop="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/no/">CC BY NC SA 3.0</a> </div> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="l-article__body-text"> <div class="article-text"> <p>Afrikansk oljepalme,<em> Elaeis guineensis</em>, hører hjemme i fuktige, tropiske deler av Afrika. Stammen er omkring 60 centimeter tykk og blir i naturen mer enn 18 meter lang, men i <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/plantasje">plantasjer</a> sjelden mer enn 12 meter. Bladene blir 4,5 meter lange og 1,8 meter brede. Frukten blir 5 centimeter lang, og fruktstanden kan veie over 10 kilogram.</p> <p>Av fruktkjøttet utvinnes <a class="crossref" href="https://sml.snl.no/palmeolje">palmeolje</a> og av frøet palmekjerneolje. Begge disse produktene har stor kommersiell betydning innen matvare- og kosmetikkindustri. Palmeolje brukes dessuten til produksjon av <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/biodiesel">biodiesel</a>, og etterspørselen etter dette har lagt ytterligere press på <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/regnskog">regnskogområder</a>. I sitt hjemmeområde har palmen mange andre nytteverdier som <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/palmevin">palmevin</a> (fra stammen), bygningsmateriale og blad til taktekking.</p> <p>Blomsten <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/pollinering_-_botanikk">pollineres</a> av <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/snutebiller">snutebillen</a> <em>Elaeidobius kamerunicus</em>. Introduksjon av denne i plantasjer i Amerika og Asia på 1980-tallet medførte en kraftig økning i produksjon.</p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-article__section" id="-Produksjon"> <h2 class="l-article__subheading"> Produksjon </h2> <div class="l-article__body-text"> <div class="article-text"> <p>I løpet av perioden fra 1990 til 2021 ble den globale produksjonen syvdoblet. Den største bidragsyteren til denne økningen er <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/Indonesia">Indonesia</a> som i samme periode 20-doblet sin produksjon, med massiv avskoging som følge.</p> <p>Produksjon av palmeolje i 2021, fordelt på de viktigste produsentland:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Land</th> <th>1000 000 tonn</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Indonesia </td> <td>49,7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Malaysia</td> <td>18,1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Thailand<sub> 1</sub> </td> <td>2,9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Colombia </td> <td>1,7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nigeria<sub> 1</sub> </td> <td>1,4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Guatemala<sub> 1</sub> </td> <td>0,8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Papua Ny-Guinea<sub> 1</sub> </td> <td>0,8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Honduras<sub> 1</sub> </td> <td>0,7</td> </tr> <tr> <td><em>Verden</em></td> <td><em>80,7</em></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>1) Estimerte tall. Kilde: <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/FAO">FAO</a></p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-article__section" id="-Amerikansk_oljepalme"> <h2 class="l-article__subheading"> Amerikansk oljepalme </h2> <div class="l-article__body-text"> <div class="article-text"> <p>Amerikansk oljepalme,<em> Elaeis oleifera</em>, hører hjemme i <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/Mellom-Amerika">Mellom-Amerika</a> og i nordlige <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/S%C3%B8r-Amerika">Sør-Amerika</a>. Stammen er omkring 30 centimeter tykk og bøyd nederst, slik at palmen ser halvveis krypende ut. Den blir omkring 6 meter lang. Bladene er 3,6 meter lange og 1,2 meter brede. Frukten er mindre enn 1,5 centimeter lang. Den høstes fra ville palmer, og i mindre grad palmer dyrket i plantasjer, til utvinning av palmeolje og palmekjerneolje.</p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-article__section" id="-Bruk_av_palmeolje_i_Norge"> <h2 class="l-article__subheading"> Bruk av palmeolje i Norge </h2> <div class="l-article__body-text"> <div class="article-text"> <p>Salg av palmeolje og produkter med palmeolje i dagligvarebutikker i <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/Norge">Norge</a> har gått kraftig til bake siden 2011. Sammenhengen mellom palmeoljeproduksjon og fjerning av regnskog i Indonesia fikk økt oppmerksomhet særlig gjennom arbeid til organisasjonene <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/Regnskogfondet">Regnskogfondet</a> og <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/Gr%C3%B8nn_hverdag">Grønn hverdag</a>. <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/matmerking">Matinformasjonsforskriften</a> fra 2014 stilte krav til at det må angis hvilke planter oljen eller fettet stammer fra (for eksempel <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/kokosfett">kokosolje</a> eller <a class="crossref" href="https://sml.snl.no/palmeolje">palmeolje</a>). Det er ikke lenger tilstrekkelig å benytte de uspesifiserte betegnelsene «vegetabilsk» olje eller fett.</p> <p>I Norge har bruken av <a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/biodrivstoff">biodrivstoff</a> produsert av palmeolje gått tilbake siden 2017, men forekommer fortsatt.</p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-article__section" id="-Les_mer_i_Store_norske_leksikon"> <h2 class="l-article__subheading"> Les mer i Store norske leksikon </h2> <div class="l-article__body-text"> <div class="article-text"> <ul> <li><a class="crossref" href="https://sml.snl.no/palmeolje">palmeolje</a></li> <li><a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/neshorn">neshorn</a></li> <li><a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/orangutang">orangutang</a></li> <li><a class="crossref" href="https://snl.no/Dyreliv_i_Indonesia">dyreliv i Indonesia</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <div class="l-article__gallery"> <ul class="gallery"> <li class="gallery__item"> <figure class="picture picture--in-gallery picture--zoomable" id="article-gallery-global-0" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="picture__image-wrapper"> <button type="button" data-zoomable="article-gallery-global-0" data-zoomable-class="picture--zoomed" class="picture__zoom-trigger"> <img src="/packs/static/images/zoom_in-a83729d6dfabb3524fa0.svg" alt="Zoom inn" class="picture__zoom-icon"> </button> <img src="https://media.snl.no/media/144276/standard_compressed_800px-Elaeis_guineensis_fruits_on_tree.jpg" alt="Elaeis guineensis" width="800" height="600" data-alt-url="https://media.snl.no/media/144276/standard_800px-Elaeis_guineensis_fruits_on_tree.jpg" class="picture__image" itemprop="contentUrl"> </div> <figcaption class="picture__caption"> <div itemprop="caption"> <div> <em>Elaeis guineensis</em> med frukt, Ajumaku, Ghana.</div> </div> <div class="picture__attribution"> <div class="media-attribution-block"> <div class="media-attribution-block__attribute"> <a itemprop="name" href="https://no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil:Elaeis_guineensis_fruits_on_tree.jpg">Elaeis guineensis</a> </div> <div class="media-attribution-block__attribute"> <span class="media-attribution-block__attribution"> Av </span> <span itemprop="author">Bongoman</span>. </div> <div class="media-attribution-block__attribute"> Lisens: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/no/" itemprop="license" class="media-attribution-block__license-link"> <img src="/packs/static/images/license-cc-by-b4d78d072ebec568455b.svg" alt="CC BY 3.0" class="media-attribution-block__image"> </a> </div> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="l-article__factbox l-article__factbox--large"> <section class="factbox factbox--large"> <div class="factbox__main-content"> <h2 class="factbox__heading">Faktaboks</h2> <dl class="factbox__facts"> <div class="factbox__fact-item"> <dt class="factbox__fact-term"> <a href="https://snl.no/latinske_navn_-_biologi">Vitenskapelig navn</a> </dt> <dd class="factbox__fact-description"> <i>Elaeis</i> </dd> </div> <div class="factbox__fact-item"> <dt class="factbox__fact-term"> Encyclopedia of Life-ID </dt> <dd class="factbox__fact-description"> <a href="https://eol.org/pages/52881">52881</a> </dd> </div> <div class="factbox__fact-item"> <dt class="factbox__fact-term"> GBIF-ID </dt> <dd class="factbox__fact-description"> <a href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2731881">2731881</a> </dd> </div> </dl> </div> </section> </div> <div class="l-article__meta"> <div class="l-article__info"> <aside class="article-info"> <dl class="article-info__items"> <dt class="article-info__item-name"> Skrevet av: </dt> <dd class="article-info__item-value"> <ul class="author-list"> <li class="author-list__author" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" data-conjunction=" og "> <a href="https://brukere.snl.no/27529"> <span itemprop="name">Finn Ervik</span> (Universitetet i Oslo)</a></li> </ul> </dd> <dt class="article-info__item-name"> Sist oppdatert: </dt> <dd class="article-info__item-value"> <time datetime="2024-11-25T06:33:35+01:00"> 25. november 2024</time>, <a href="https://snl.no/.versions/list/141373">se alle endringer</a> </dd> </dl> <strong class="article-info__license-type"> <a class="" href="/.licenses/restricted">begrenset gjenbruk.</a> </strong> <button class="link-button js-citation" type="button" data-target="article-info-citation" hidden> Sitere eller gjenbruke? </button> <div id="article-info-citation"> Vil du sitere denne artikkelen? 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