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Wayne Ross related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/16363/5544/2724515/s200_e._wayne.ross.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://ubc.academia.edu/EWayneRoss">E. Wayne Ross</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of British Columbia</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://uqo.academia.edu/PaulRCarr"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Paul R Carr related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/38268/12737/26276547/s200_paul.carr.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://uqo.academia.edu/PaulRCarr">Paul R Carr</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Université du Québec en Outaouais</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://ksu.academia.edu/DavidSeamon"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="David Seamon related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/93547/25922/29662134/s200_david.seamon.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://ksu.academia.edu/DavidSeamon">David Seamon</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Kansas State University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://cria.academia.edu/ArmandoMarquesGuedes"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Armando Marques-Guedes related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/134181/3401094/148494125/s200_armando.marques-guedes.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://cria.academia.edu/ArmandoMarquesGuedes">Armando Marques-Guedes</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">UNL - New University of Lisbon</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://siue.academia.edu/GrahamBSlater"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Graham B . Slater related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/303140/61127/118498820/s200_graham_b..slater.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://siue.academia.edu/GrahamBSlater">Graham B . Slater</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Southern Illinois University Edwardsville</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/AndrewWilkins"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Andrew W Wilkins related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/303988/61270/35413933/s200_andrew.wilkins.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/AndrewWilkins">Andrew W Wilkins</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Goldsmiths, University of London</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://upatras.academia.edu/GeorgiosStamelos"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Georgios Stamelos related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/314159/77602/2153761/s200_georgios.stamelos.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://upatras.academia.edu/GeorgiosStamelos">Georgios Stamelos</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of Patras</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://stjohns.academia.edu/PatrickBlessinger"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Patrick Blessinger related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1072109/371414/15748805/s200_patrick.blessinger.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://stjohns.academia.edu/PatrickBlessinger">Patrick Blessinger</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">St. John's University</p></div></div></ul></div><style type="text/css">.suggested-academics--header h3{font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px}</style><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2877767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari","location":"/ajabari","scheme":"https","host":"uokirkuk.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/ajabari","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Sociology of Education"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-7b32335b-f9b3-4d36-9c37-8213637ee846"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-7b32335b-f9b3-4d36-9c37-8213637ee846"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by a jabari</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279753"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279753/A_study_of_compensatory_techniques_which_address_missing_data_problems"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A study of compensatory techniques which address missing data problems" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">A study of compensatory techniques which address missing data problems</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Standard software packages by default implement methods such as listwise deletion that simply dro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Standard software packages by default implement methods such as listwise deletion that simply drops cases that have missing values. This study tested three techniques (multiple imputation, mean substitution, and listwise deletion) used to remedy problems associated with missing data. Data from the revised General Social Survey from 1993 were used in this study. Four variables were selected for inclusion in this study: age, education, socioeconomic status, and number of hours of TV viewing. A total of 30 samples (10 each with a sample size of 50, 100, and 200) were randomly selected from the 1,500 cases in this database using SPSS - Windows, ver. 12.0. From these samples, additional samples were generated with 10%, 30%, and 50% of values randomly deleted using a random number generator. These data manipulations produced 40 samples for each sample size. The compensatory techniques (listwise deletion, mean substitution, and multiple imputation) were applied to every sample, with summary statistics (e.g., means, standard deviations, medians, and minimum and maximum scores) generated for each sample. Regression analyses were completed for each of the samples, with number of TV hours used as the criterion variable, and age, education, and socioeconomic status used as predictor variables. Means and standard deviations of the R2s for each of the sample sizes and compensatory techniques were obtained to allow comparisons across the samples. ^ Mean ratios were computed for each missing value condition to determine the degree to which each technique effectively compensated for missing values. To determine the mean ratios for the mean scores, the mean of each sample was compared to the mean of its original sample. A similar method was used to compare the R2s for each of the missing value conditions with the R2 for the original sample. In addition, a 3 x 3 factorial analysis of variance was used to test for differences between the main effects of compensatory technique and percent of missing values. Mean substitution appeared to produce estimates that most nearly emulated that of the original sample. ^</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279753"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279753"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279753; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279753]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279753]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279753; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279753']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279753]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279753,"title":"A study of compensatory techniques which address missing data problems","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Standard software packages by default implement methods such as listwise deletion that simply drops cases that have missing values. This study tested three techniques (multiple imputation, mean substitution, and listwise deletion) used to remedy problems associated with missing data. Data from the revised General Social Survey from 1993 were used in this study. Four variables were selected for inclusion in this study: age, education, socioeconomic status, and number of hours of TV viewing. A total of 30 samples (10 each with a sample size of 50, 100, and 200) were randomly selected from the 1,500 cases in this database using SPSS - Windows, ver. 12.0. From these samples, additional samples were generated with 10%, 30%, and 50% of values randomly deleted using a random number generator. These data manipulations produced 40 samples for each sample size. The compensatory techniques (listwise deletion, mean substitution, and multiple imputation) were applied to every sample, with summary statistics (e.g., means, standard deviations, medians, and minimum and maximum scores) generated for each sample. Regression analyses were completed for each of the samples, with number of TV hours used as the criterion variable, and age, education, and socioeconomic status used as predictor variables. Means and standard deviations of the R2s for each of the sample sizes and compensatory techniques were obtained to allow comparisons across the samples. ^ Mean ratios were computed for each missing value condition to determine the degree to which each technique effectively compensated for missing values. To determine the mean ratios for the mean scores, the mean of each sample was compared to the mean of its original sample. A similar method was used to compare the R2s for each of the missing value conditions with the R2 for the original sample. In addition, a 3 x 3 factorial analysis of variance was used to test for differences between the main effects of compensatory technique and percent of missing values. Mean substitution appeared to produce estimates that most nearly emulated that of the original sample. ^","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2004,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Standard software packages by default implement methods such as listwise deletion that simply drops cases that have missing values. This study tested three techniques (multiple imputation, mean substitution, and listwise deletion) used to remedy problems associated with missing data. Data from the revised General Social Survey from 1993 were used in this study. Four variables were selected for inclusion in this study: age, education, socioeconomic status, and number of hours of TV viewing. A total of 30 samples (10 each with a sample size of 50, 100, and 200) were randomly selected from the 1,500 cases in this database using SPSS - Windows, ver. 12.0. From these samples, additional samples were generated with 10%, 30%, and 50% of values randomly deleted using a random number generator. These data manipulations produced 40 samples for each sample size. The compensatory techniques (listwise deletion, mean substitution, and multiple imputation) were applied to every sample, with summary statistics (e.g., means, standard deviations, medians, and minimum and maximum scores) generated for each sample. Regression analyses were completed for each of the samples, with number of TV hours used as the criterion variable, and age, education, and socioeconomic status used as predictor variables. Means and standard deviations of the R2s for each of the sample sizes and compensatory techniques were obtained to allow comparisons across the samples. ^ Mean ratios were computed for each missing value condition to determine the degree to which each technique effectively compensated for missing values. To determine the mean ratios for the mean scores, the mean of each sample was compared to the mean of its original sample. A similar method was used to compare the R2s for each of the missing value conditions with the R2 for the original sample. In addition, a 3 x 3 factorial analysis of variance was used to test for differences between the main effects of compensatory technique and percent of missing values. Mean substitution appeared to produce estimates that most nearly emulated that of the original sample. ^","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279753/A_study_of_compensatory_techniques_which_address_missing_data_problems","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:19.856-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_study_of_compensatory_techniques_which_address_missing_data_problems","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Standard software packages by default implement methods such as listwise deletion that simply drops cases that have missing values. This study tested three techniques (multiple imputation, mean substitution, and listwise deletion) used to remedy problems associated with missing data. Data from the revised General Social Survey from 1993 were used in this study. Four variables were selected for inclusion in this study: age, education, socioeconomic status, and number of hours of TV viewing. A total of 30 samples (10 each with a sample size of 50, 100, and 200) were randomly selected from the 1,500 cases in this database using SPSS - Windows, ver. 12.0. From these samples, additional samples were generated with 10%, 30%, and 50% of values randomly deleted using a random number generator. These data manipulations produced 40 samples for each sample size. The compensatory techniques (listwise deletion, mean substitution, and multiple imputation) were applied to every sample, with summary statistics (e.g., means, standard deviations, medians, and minimum and maximum scores) generated for each sample. Regression analyses were completed for each of the samples, with number of TV hours used as the criterion variable, and age, education, and socioeconomic status used as predictor variables. Means and standard deviations of the R2s for each of the sample sizes and compensatory techniques were obtained to allow comparisons across the samples. ^ Mean ratios were computed for each missing value condition to determine the degree to which each technique effectively compensated for missing values. To determine the mean ratios for the mean scores, the mean of each sample was compared to the mean of its original sample. A similar method was used to compare the R2s for each of the missing value conditions with the R2 for the original sample. In addition, a 3 x 3 factorial analysis of variance was used to test for differences between the main effects of compensatory technique and percent of missing values. Mean substitution appeared to produce estimates that most nearly emulated that of the original sample. ^","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":69841,"name":"Standard Deviation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standard_Deviation"},{"id":121607,"name":"Missing Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missing_Data"},{"id":196189,"name":"Sample Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sample_Size"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance"},{"id":492721,"name":"Multiple Imputation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_Imputation"},{"id":557802,"name":"Missing Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missing_Values"},{"id":643601,"name":"Tests and Measurements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tests_and_Measurements"},{"id":752262,"name":"General Social Survey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Social_Survey"},{"id":1123775,"name":"RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RANDOM_NUMBER_GENERATOR"},{"id":2057366,"name":"Software Package","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Package"}],"urls":[{"id":414451,"url":"http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/dissertations/AAI3130346"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279753-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279752"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279752/Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water_using_the_parallel_second_order_model_An_analytical_solution_development"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chlorine decay prediction in bulk water using the parallel second order model: An analytical solution development" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688022/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279752/Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water_using_the_parallel_second_order_model_An_analytical_solution_development">Chlorine decay prediction in bulk water using the parallel second order model: An analytical solution development</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chemical Engineering Journal</span><span>, Jan 1, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">All distributed drinking water receives some form of disinfection and a minimum disinfectant resi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">All distributed drinking water receives some form of disinfection and a minimum disinfectant residual should be maintained at the customer tap. The most popular disinfectant is chlorine. Chlorine reacts with compounds in water and hence decays. Description of chlorine decay is often difficult, due to a complex set of reactions and an initial fast reaction followed by a slower reaction. Before any attempt could be made to understand the decay characteristics in the distribution system, chlorine decay in bulk water has to be correctly described. The parallel second order reaction model was found to be one of the most suitable models for this purpose. However, widespread use of this model is hindered by its complexity, most importantly the non-existence of an analytical solution. In this paper, an analytical solution for this model was developed by initially assuming that the ratio (α) of slow and fast reaction rate coefficients is small. The estimated parameters and the chlorine residuals predicted by the numerical analysis and the proposed solution were compared for the chlorine decay data sets obtained from the literature as well as laboratory analysis. The results showed that the proposed analytical solution was very accurate for the prediction of chlorine decay behaviour in all samples.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-2279752-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-2279752-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044518/figure-1-according-to-eq-if-it-could-be-assumed-that-ksra"><img alt="According to Eq. (29), if it could be assumed that w=Ksra/kgra is small enough to be negligible (a =ksra/krra > — 0), then the role of slow reacting agents during the short initial time, in which fast reacting agents are being depleted, could be ignored. The reason is that, during the initial time of the reaction, when t > 0, x > 0, then from Eq. (29), it yields y+— 0. Figs. 1 and 2 clearly illustrate an example of the specific functional behaviour of Eqs. (29) and (30) for a set of sample parameters. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044520/figure-2-illustration-of-the-behaviour-of-and-functions"><img alt="Fig. 2. Illustration of the behaviour of x and y functions versus time for the sample parameters; b=3(mg/L), c=5 (mg/L), w=0.02. Therefore, the effect of slow reacting agents on the first reaction at the beginning of the reactions can be ignored and as a result, Eq. The important point here is that because of the significant dif- ference between the reaction rates of the fast and slow reacting agents, the rate at which y is getting far from zero is much less than that of x. In other words, during the initial period of time (when t— 0), due to the specific functional attitude of Eq. (29), y is closer to zero than x. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044522/figure-4-the-goodness-of-fitting-for-the-literature-data"><img alt="Fig. 4. The goodness of fitting for the literature data sets Nos. 2-4 with the curves generated by the new analytical solution using MATLAB. In general, the model predicted chlorine concentrations well, although much better fitting was obtained when a single curve is fitted. Figs. 4-7 show the fitting of model for single dosing cases. In multi-dosing cases, the fitting was slightly compromised as can be seen in Figs. 3, 8 and 9. As detailed earlier, for multi-dosing of single water, single parameter set was used to fit all the data sets arising from single water. That means one set of parameters is used for three or four data sets of chlorine decay tests for one water sample with different initial chlorine doses. In these data sets, it is clear that initial chlorine dose varied from 4 to 10 mg/L for the literature data No. 1 and 3 to 8mg/L for experimental data set Nos. 1 and 2. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044524/figure-3-the-goodness-of-fitting-for-the-literature-data-set"><img alt="Fig. 3. The goodness of fitting for the literature data set No. 1, with different initial doses, with the curves generated by the new analytical solution using Excel Solver. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044526/figure-5-the-goodness-of-fitting-for-the-literature-data"><img alt="Fig. 5. The goodness of fitting for the literature data sets Nos. 5-7 with the curves generated by the new analytical solution using MATLAB. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044528/figure-7-the-goodness-of-fitting-for-the-literature-data"><img alt="Fig. 7. The goodness of fitting for the literature data sets Nos. 11 and 12 with the curves generated by the new analytical solution using MATLAB. If one examines these initial chlorine dosing it is clear, in practi- cal situations chlorine dosing do not vary such widely. However, even for these wide variations we could note that PSOM predicts chlorine concentrations reasonably well; implying a single set of parameter can be used for different dosing. In the original paper proposed by Kastl et al. [15], they showed a good fit to the model for initial concentrations from 1 to 4mg/L. In addition, our studies have shown that PSOM is more accurate than FOM, SOM and even Parallel First Order Model (PFOM) when single or multiple-dosing chlorine decay data sets with single set or multiple sets of parame- ters are used for modelling [12]. Therefore, slightly poor predictions at larger ranges considered in this paper do not necessarily mean the model fails in predicting chlorine concentration for practical ranges of initial chlorine dosing. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044529/figure-6-the-goodness-of-fitting-for-the-literature-data"><img alt="Fig. 6. The goodness of fitting for the literature data sets Nos. 8-10 with the curves generated by the new analytical solution using MATLAB. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044530/figure-8-the-goodness-of-fitting-for-the-experimental-data"><img alt="Fig. 8. The goodness of fitting for the experimental data set No. 1, with different initial doses, with the curves generated using the numerical methods with AQUASIM. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044531/figure-9-the-goodness-of-fitting-for-the-experimental-data"><img alt="Fig. 9. The goodness of fitting for the experimental data set No. 2, with different initial doses, with the curves generated using the numerical methods with AQUASIM. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044532/table-1-some-of-the-reported-values-for-kpra-and-kspa-in-the"><img alt="Some of the reported values for kpra and Kspa in the literature. Table 1 For solving Eqs. (19) and (20), it is better to eliminate sections dt and (a —x —y) by dividing (19) by (20): " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044533/table-2-water-quality-characteristics-of-the-samples-its"><img alt="Water quality characteristics of the samples. Table 2 its maximum value (x > b) ina short initial time. As a result, ignor- ing the effect of x variation during this initial period, the whole part Of Cotpea(t) = a — x could be assumed to be constant after the initial period of reaction time. Therefore, according to Clark’s formula- tion [3], from Eqs. (19) and (20), the following formulas could be derived: " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044534/table-3-comparison-of-the-estimated-parameters-obtained-by"><img alt="Comparison of the estimated parameters obtained by the new analytical solution with MATLAB and Excel Solver with those obtained by AQUASIM’s numerical methods using the parallel second order model. 2 R?: R-square; SSE: sum squared error; x7: chi-square. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-2279752-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ff084c47617f3a1c0e2bb87a456529e9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688022,"asset_id":2279752,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688022/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279752"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279752"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279752; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279752]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279752]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279752; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279752']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ff084c47617f3a1c0e2bb87a456529e9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279752]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279752,"title":"Chlorine decay prediction in bulk water using the parallel second order model: An analytical solution development","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"All distributed drinking water receives some form of disinfection and a minimum disinfectant residual should be maintained at the customer tap. The most popular disinfectant is chlorine. Chlorine reacts with compounds in water and hence decays. Description of chlorine decay is often difficult, due to a complex set of reactions and an initial fast reaction followed by a slower reaction. Before any attempt could be made to understand the decay characteristics in the distribution system, chlorine decay in bulk water has to be correctly described. The parallel second order reaction model was found to be one of the most suitable models for this purpose. However, widespread use of this model is hindered by its complexity, most importantly the non-existence of an analytical solution. In this paper, an analytical solution for this model was developed by initially assuming that the ratio (α) of slow and fast reaction rate coefficients is small. The estimated parameters and the chlorine residuals predicted by the numerical analysis and the proposed solution were compared for the chlorine decay data sets obtained from the literature as well as laboratory analysis. The results showed that the proposed analytical solution was very accurate for the prediction of chlorine decay behaviour in all samples.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},"translated_abstract":"All distributed drinking water receives some form of disinfection and a minimum disinfectant residual should be maintained at the customer tap. The most popular disinfectant is chlorine. Chlorine reacts with compounds in water and hence decays. Description of chlorine decay is often difficult, due to a complex set of reactions and an initial fast reaction followed by a slower reaction. Before any attempt could be made to understand the decay characteristics in the distribution system, chlorine decay in bulk water has to be correctly described. The parallel second order reaction model was found to be one of the most suitable models for this purpose. However, widespread use of this model is hindered by its complexity, most importantly the non-existence of an analytical solution. In this paper, an analytical solution for this model was developed by initially assuming that the ratio (α) of slow and fast reaction rate coefficients is small. The estimated parameters and the chlorine residuals predicted by the numerical analysis and the proposed solution were compared for the chlorine decay data sets obtained from the literature as well as laboratory analysis. The results showed that the proposed analytical solution was very accurate for the prediction of chlorine decay behaviour in all samples.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279752/Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water_using_the_parallel_second_order_model_An_analytical_solution_development","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:19.724-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50688022,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688022/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water_20161202-29897-1tthkxb.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688022/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688022/Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water_20161202-29897-1tthkxb-libre.pdf?1480741228=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water.pdf\u0026Expires=1743652914\u0026Signature=Oq5Kx7~KoVt3ggp5dq1K0oSSwrkiDKbFqKCx7-WifQ2QEfckN6G8ocfPu05NjjPz0Fz2o8RADzNaYn3LOIuDKBymiAdBGydMsgRwYL5C34uarDT-BoASeCHuYWHAIFt4i0SGF-~iCyv-DLykPMJVkW7j2Fc-0jyK-oRfWBWlfF7OBrq-7ESgeEqY6RAvkBh4vb8cr2UscCz9AH1KQ10F5Co3yKFQxQBOIdHxdSagYT8mK7W1S0AHn~iqk98D0RqXwcEOzT~AM~E1OYM1XXUcg1m9X7HKyGDDgm73-l9RhtBkX4fzok~jDg2nW2bktKkwlKBsigInmdWZRqRXEz~Odw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water_using_the_parallel_second_order_model_An_analytical_solution_development","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"All distributed drinking water receives some form of disinfection and a minimum disinfectant residual should be maintained at the customer tap. The most popular disinfectant is chlorine. Chlorine reacts with compounds in water and hence decays. Description of chlorine decay is often difficult, due to a complex set of reactions and an initial fast reaction followed by a slower reaction. Before any attempt could be made to understand the decay characteristics in the distribution system, chlorine decay in bulk water has to be correctly described. The parallel second order reaction model was found to be one of the most suitable models for this purpose. However, widespread use of this model is hindered by its complexity, most importantly the non-existence of an analytical solution. In this paper, an analytical solution for this model was developed by initially assuming that the ratio (α) of slow and fast reaction rate coefficients is small. The estimated parameters and the chlorine residuals predicted by the numerical analysis and the proposed solution were compared for the chlorine decay data sets obtained from the literature as well as laboratory analysis. The results showed that the proposed analytical solution was very accurate for the prediction of chlorine decay behaviour in all samples.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[{"id":50688022,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688022/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water_20161202-29897-1tthkxb.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688022/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688022/Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water_20161202-29897-1tthkxb-libre.pdf?1480741228=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water.pdf\u0026Expires=1743652914\u0026Signature=Oq5Kx7~KoVt3ggp5dq1K0oSSwrkiDKbFqKCx7-WifQ2QEfckN6G8ocfPu05NjjPz0Fz2o8RADzNaYn3LOIuDKBymiAdBGydMsgRwYL5C34uarDT-BoASeCHuYWHAIFt4i0SGF-~iCyv-DLykPMJVkW7j2Fc-0jyK-oRfWBWlfF7OBrq-7ESgeEqY6RAvkBh4vb8cr2UscCz9AH1KQ10F5Co3yKFQxQBOIdHxdSagYT8mK7W1S0AHn~iqk98D0RqXwcEOzT~AM~E1OYM1XXUcg1m9X7HKyGDDgm73-l9RhtBkX4fzok~jDg2nW2bktKkwlKBsigInmdWZRqRXEz~Odw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics"},{"id":6177,"name":"Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling"},{"id":7968,"name":"Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction"},{"id":12022,"name":"Numerical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Analysis"},{"id":22686,"name":"Distributed System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_System"},{"id":60658,"name":"Numerical Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Simulation"},{"id":120641,"name":"Drinking Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water"},{"id":251652,"name":"Water Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Use"},{"id":330841,"name":"Analytical Solution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Solution"},{"id":347272,"name":"Second Order","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Order"},{"id":778709,"name":"Reaction Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Rate"}],"urls":[{"id":414450,"url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894711003214"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279752-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279751"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279751/Context_Aware_Interaction_Approach_to_Handle_Users_Local_Contexts_in_Web_2_0"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Context-Aware Interaction Approach to Handle Users Local Contexts in Web 2.0" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688021/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279751/Context_Aware_Interaction_Approach_to_Handle_Users_Local_Contexts_in_Web_2_0">Context-Aware Interaction Approach to Handle Users Local Contexts in Web 2.0</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Users sharing and authoring of Web contents via different Web sites is the main idea of the Web 2...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Users sharing and authoring of Web contents via different Web sites is the main idea of the Web 2.0. However, Web users belong to different communities and follow their own semantics (referred to as local contexts) to represent and interpret Web contents. Therefore, they encounter discrepancies when they have to interpret Web contents authored by different persons. This paper proposes a context-aware interaction approach that helps Web authors annotate Web contents with their local context information, so that it becomes possible for Web browsers to personalize these contents according to different users’ local contexts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="43b97d29f270fdcfc4a7df137669ff0f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688021,"asset_id":2279751,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688021/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279751"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279751"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279751; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279751]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279751]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279751; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279751']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "43b97d29f270fdcfc4a7df137669ff0f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279751]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279751,"title":"Context-Aware Interaction Approach to Handle Users Local Contexts in Web 2.0","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Users sharing and authoring of Web contents via different Web sites is the main idea of the Web 2.0. However, Web users belong to different communities and follow their own semantics (referred to as local contexts) to represent and interpret Web contents. Therefore, they encounter discrepancies when they have to interpret Web contents authored by different persons. This paper proposes a context-aware interaction approach that helps Web authors annotate Web contents with their local context information, so that it becomes possible for Web browsers to personalize these contents according to different users’ local contexts.","ai_title_tag":"Context-Aware Approach to Personalize Web 2.0 Content","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2010,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Users sharing and authoring of Web contents via different Web sites is the main idea of the Web 2.0. However, Web users belong to different communities and follow their own semantics (referred to as local contexts) to represent and interpret Web contents. Therefore, they encounter discrepancies when they have to interpret Web contents authored by different persons. This paper proposes a context-aware interaction approach that helps Web authors annotate Web contents with their local context information, so that it becomes possible for Web browsers to personalize these contents according to different users’ local contexts.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279751/Context_Aware_Interaction_Approach_to_Handle_Users_Local_Contexts_in_Web_2_0","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:19.614-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50688021,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688021/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"02icwe2008ws-iwwost10-mrissa.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688021/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Context_Aware_Interaction_Approach_to_Ha.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688021/02icwe2008ws-iwwost10-mrissa-libre.pdf?1480741230=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DContext_Aware_Interaction_Approach_to_Ha.pdf\u0026Expires=1743615425\u0026Signature=QvW3-AJsgCYMreEnhVIeGTR4vqvqshieZAzbZDYBuFGMt3O3RvXG-GZ6i7y9q47mABbXE6T9gipldRp4B4xyHWJNLfPyvs1HGeIH3h1ymHOWNsBW8cNz5MayyfcBdq4RJHmuLrUVEYwB5soIsds984ucjmaCwHw3WBlKfQWVrPpKrY5UBg7R8yJYFtx90F5DSw7kuEDZNLsTM16IkHmq0jVYQh~PgCWLjE64GJGRnDYx0NKQUcnEpHtF6Mln-zdqQbJ4IzR80mOF8gumoBNFMCf9W0eSEHeEffuZaI6-iANsPbvo3iK8Cq3YkozRHcGaMUU-A6froYbBhxc64AdNBA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Context_Aware_Interaction_Approach_to_Handle_Users_Local_Contexts_in_Web_2_0","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Users sharing and authoring of Web contents via different Web sites is the main idea of the Web 2.0. However, Web users belong to different communities and follow their own semantics (referred to as local contexts) to represent and interpret Web contents. Therefore, they encounter discrepancies when they have to interpret Web contents authored by different persons. This paper proposes a context-aware interaction approach that helps Web authors annotate Web contents with their local context information, so that it becomes possible for Web browsers to personalize these contents according to different users’ local contexts.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[{"id":50688021,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688021/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"02icwe2008ws-iwwost10-mrissa.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688021/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Context_Aware_Interaction_Approach_to_Ha.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688021/02icwe2008ws-iwwost10-mrissa-libre.pdf?1480741230=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DContext_Aware_Interaction_Approach_to_Ha.pdf\u0026Expires=1743615425\u0026Signature=QvW3-AJsgCYMreEnhVIeGTR4vqvqshieZAzbZDYBuFGMt3O3RvXG-GZ6i7y9q47mABbXE6T9gipldRp4B4xyHWJNLfPyvs1HGeIH3h1ymHOWNsBW8cNz5MayyfcBdq4RJHmuLrUVEYwB5soIsds984ucjmaCwHw3WBlKfQWVrPpKrY5UBg7R8yJYFtx90F5DSw7kuEDZNLsTM16IkHmq0jVYQh~PgCWLjE64GJGRnDYx0NKQUcnEpHtF6Mln-zdqQbJ4IzR80mOF8gumoBNFMCf9W0eSEHeEffuZaI6-iANsPbvo3iK8Cq3YkozRHcGaMUU-A6froYbBhxc64AdNBA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1384,"name":"Web Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_Engineering"},{"id":17711,"name":"Semantic Web","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantic_Web"},{"id":48771,"name":"Web","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web"},{"id":67104,"name":"Data Interpretation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Interpretation"},{"id":2474013,"name":"Web Documents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_Documents"}],"urls":[{"id":414449,"url":"http://www.springerlink.com/content/n1825076g6155380"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279751-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279750"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279750/Atomistic_Simulations_of_Tribological_Properties_of_Ultra_Thin_Carbon_Nanotube_Films_on_Silicon"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Atomistic Simulations of Tribological Properties of Ultra-Thin Carbon Nanotube Films on Silicon" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Atomistic Simulations of Tribological Properties of Ultra-Thin Carbon Nanotube Films on Silicon</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study relationships between material morphology, adhes...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study relationships between material morphology, adhesion, and sliding friction in carbon nanotube (CNT) coatings at the nanoscale. Two controlled quantities, CNT chirality and vacancy defects, are found to have significant effects on CNT coating adhesion to Si surfaces and sliding friction in turn. For example, using free energy calculations, a CNT of chirality (10,0) with a corresponding diameter of 7.777 Å was observed to have an adhesion energy-per-unit-length of approximately three-times that of a CNT with (5,5) chirality and corresponding diameter of 6.732 Å. Simulations of aligned carbon nanotube arrays containing various vacancy defect densities in sliding contact with Si substrates were also performed. Friction and wear were shown to increase with defect density. Similar studies are underway to investigate how other characteristics of CNTs in addition to chirality, such as CNT length distribution and defect concentration, affect adhesion and friction in CNT-Si coatings. Outcomes may shed light on fundamental principles governing, for example, sliding interfaces in micro- and nano-electro-mechanical and other tribological systems.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279750"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279750"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279750; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279750]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279750]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279750; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279750']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279750]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279750,"title":"Atomistic Simulations of Tribological Properties of Ultra-Thin Carbon Nanotube Films on Silicon","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study relationships between material morphology, adhesion, and sliding friction in carbon nanotube (CNT) coatings at the nanoscale. Two controlled quantities, CNT chirality and vacancy defects, are found to have significant effects on CNT coating adhesion to Si surfaces and sliding friction in turn. For example, using free energy calculations, a CNT of chirality (10,0) with a corresponding diameter of 7.777 Å was observed to have an adhesion energy-per-unit-length of approximately three-times that of a CNT with (5,5) chirality and corresponding diameter of 6.732 Å. Simulations of aligned carbon nanotube arrays containing various vacancy defect densities in sliding contact with Si substrates were also performed. Friction and wear were shown to increase with defect density. Similar studies are underway to investigate how other characteristics of CNTs in addition to chirality, such as CNT length distribution and defect concentration, affect adhesion and friction in CNT-Si coatings. Outcomes may shed light on fundamental principles governing, for example, sliding interfaces in micro- and nano-electro-mechanical and other tribological systems.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2010,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study relationships between material morphology, adhesion, and sliding friction in carbon nanotube (CNT) coatings at the nanoscale. Two controlled quantities, CNT chirality and vacancy defects, are found to have significant effects on CNT coating adhesion to Si surfaces and sliding friction in turn. For example, using free energy calculations, a CNT of chirality (10,0) with a corresponding diameter of 7.777 Å was observed to have an adhesion energy-per-unit-length of approximately three-times that of a CNT with (5,5) chirality and corresponding diameter of 6.732 Å. Simulations of aligned carbon nanotube arrays containing various vacancy defect densities in sliding contact with Si substrates were also performed. Friction and wear were shown to increase with defect density. Similar studies are underway to investigate how other characteristics of CNTs in addition to chirality, such as CNT length distribution and defect concentration, affect adhesion and friction in CNT-Si coatings. Outcomes may shed light on fundamental principles governing, for example, sliding interfaces in micro- and nano-electro-mechanical and other tribological systems.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279750/Atomistic_Simulations_of_Tribological_Properties_of_Ultra_Thin_Carbon_Nanotube_Films_on_Silicon","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:19.244-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Atomistic_Simulations_of_Tribological_Properties_of_Ultra_Thin_Carbon_Nanotube_Films_on_Silicon","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study relationships between material morphology, adhesion, and sliding friction in carbon nanotube (CNT) coatings at the nanoscale. Two controlled quantities, CNT chirality and vacancy defects, are found to have significant effects on CNT coating adhesion to Si surfaces and sliding friction in turn. For example, using free energy calculations, a CNT of chirality (10,0) with a corresponding diameter of 7.777 Å was observed to have an adhesion energy-per-unit-length of approximately three-times that of a CNT with (5,5) chirality and corresponding diameter of 6.732 Å. Simulations of aligned carbon nanotube arrays containing various vacancy defect densities in sliding contact with Si substrates were also performed. Friction and wear were shown to increase with defect density. Similar studies are underway to investigate how other characteristics of CNTs in addition to chirality, such as CNT length distribution and defect concentration, affect adhesion and friction in CNT-Si coatings. Outcomes may shed light on fundamental principles governing, for example, sliding interfaces in micro- and nano-electro-mechanical and other tribological systems.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":2950,"name":"Computational Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Modeling"},{"id":10909,"name":"Carbon Nanotubes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Nanotubes"},{"id":23008,"name":"Wear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wear"},{"id":28505,"name":"Adhesion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adhesion"},{"id":30488,"name":"Atomic Layer Deposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atomic_Layer_Deposition"},{"id":49427,"name":"Thin Films","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thin_Films"},{"id":59375,"name":"Chirality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chirality"},{"id":104994,"name":"Si","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Si"},{"id":578624,"name":"Crystal Defects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystal_Defects"},{"id":687524,"name":"Adhesives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adhesives"},{"id":882535,"name":"Substrates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substrates"},{"id":1188997,"name":"C","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/C"}],"urls":[{"id":414448,"url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=6018021"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279750-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279748"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279748/A_study_of_atmospheric_radon_gas_concentrations_in_water_extraction_wells_of_Hamadan_western_Iran"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A study of atmospheric radon gas concentrations in water extraction wells of Hamadan, western Iran" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">A study of atmospheric radon gas concentrations in water extraction wells of Hamadan, western Iran</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It is well known that half of the radiation received by humans is due to the presence of radon (2...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It is well known that half of the radiation received by humans is due to the presence of radon (222Rn) in the built environment. As part of a project measuring indoor radon in Hamadan, western Iran, a survey was undertaken of atmospheric radon in 28 wells in the region using a Sarad Doseman. Specific geological features of this settlement include highly permeable alluvial fan deposits which result in radon being released to the atmosphere. The observed radon concentrations in well shafts(between 1,000 Bq m3 and 36,600 Bq m3) show considerable variability both in space and time. One aspect of this study was to also assess whether there was a relationship between the depth of a well and the measured atmospheric radon concentration. The importance of such measurements in this region is highlighted by the fact that radon levels in homes in Hamadan are probably greatly influenced by the porous nature of this underlying geology and its use as a water reservoir / conduit through the application of qanat technology.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279748"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279748"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279748; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279748]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279748]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279748; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279748']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279748]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279748,"title":"A study of atmospheric radon gas concentrations in water extraction wells of Hamadan, western Iran","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"It is well known that half of the radiation received by humans is due to the presence of radon (222Rn) in the built environment. As part of a project measuring indoor radon in Hamadan, western Iran, a survey was undertaken of atmospheric radon in 28 wells in the region using a Sarad Doseman. Specific geological features of this settlement include highly permeable alluvial fan deposits which result in radon being released to the atmosphere. The observed radon concentrations in well shafts(between 1,000 Bq m3 and 36,600 Bq m3) show considerable variability both in space and time. One aspect of this study was to also assess whether there was a relationship between the depth of a well and the measured atmospheric radon concentration. The importance of such measurements in this region is highlighted by the fact that radon levels in homes in Hamadan are probably greatly influenced by the porous nature of this underlying geology and its use as a water reservoir / conduit through the application of qanat technology.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2010,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"It is well known that half of the radiation received by humans is due to the presence of radon (222Rn) in the built environment. As part of a project measuring indoor radon in Hamadan, western Iran, a survey was undertaken of atmospheric radon in 28 wells in the region using a Sarad Doseman. Specific geological features of this settlement include highly permeable alluvial fan deposits which result in radon being released to the atmosphere. The observed radon concentrations in well shafts(between 1,000 Bq m3 and 36,600 Bq m3) show considerable variability both in space and time. One aspect of this study was to also assess whether there was a relationship between the depth of a well and the measured atmospheric radon concentration. The importance of such measurements in this region is highlighted by the fact that radon levels in homes in Hamadan are probably greatly influenced by the porous nature of this underlying geology and its use as a water reservoir / conduit through the application of qanat technology.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279748/A_study_of_atmospheric_radon_gas_concentrations_in_water_extraction_wells_of_Hamadan_western_Iran","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:19.121-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_study_of_atmospheric_radon_gas_concentrations_in_water_extraction_wells_of_Hamadan_western_Iran","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"It is well known that half of the radiation received by humans is due to the presence of radon (222Rn) in the built environment. As part of a project measuring indoor radon in Hamadan, western Iran, a survey was undertaken of atmospheric radon in 28 wells in the region using a Sarad Doseman. Specific geological features of this settlement include highly permeable alluvial fan deposits which result in radon being released to the atmosphere. The observed radon concentrations in well shafts(between 1,000 Bq m3 and 36,600 Bq m3) show considerable variability both in space and time. One aspect of this study was to also assess whether there was a relationship between the depth of a well and the measured atmospheric radon concentration. The importance of such measurements in this region is highlighted by the fact that radon levels in homes in Hamadan are probably greatly influenced by the porous nature of this underlying geology and its use as a water reservoir / conduit through the application of qanat technology.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":414447,"url":"http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.1797G"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279748-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279747"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279747/38_1_Study_of_Ion_Beam_Alignment_of_Liquid_Crystals_on_Polymer_Substrates"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 38.1: Study of Ion Beam Alignment of Liquid Crystals on Polymer Substrates" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279747/38_1_Study_of_Ion_Beam_Alignment_of_Liquid_Crystals_on_Polymer_Substrates">38.1: Study of Ion Beam Alignment of Liquid Crystals on Polymer Substrates</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sid Symposium Digest of Technical Papers</span><span>, Jan 1, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Various polymer substrates, including polyimide and polystyrene were bombarded with an Ar þ ion b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Various polymer substrates, including polyimide and polystyrene were bombarded with an Ar þ ion beam in high vacuum at an oblique angle. The alignment direction of the liquid crystal 5CB on these polymer substrates is always parallel to the ion beam propagation direction regardless of the type of polymer used. The alignment mechanism is studied using surface sensitive techniques such as Polarized Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-IR), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. We propose that selective destruction of the weakest bonds (p bonds) in the polymer by the Ar þ ion beam results in a net excess of the remaining p bonds. The anisotropy in these p bonds align liquid crystals parallel to the ion beam propagation direction.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d2bbc819af565f26479948af58c61944" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688101,"asset_id":2279747,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688101/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279747"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279747"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279747; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279747]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279747]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279747; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279747']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d2bbc819af565f26479948af58c61944" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279747]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279747,"title":"38.1: Study of Ion Beam Alignment of Liquid Crystals on Polymer Substrates","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Ion Beam Alignment of Liquid Crystals","grobid_abstract":"Various polymer substrates, including polyimide and polystyrene were bombarded with an Ar þ ion beam in high vacuum at an oblique angle. 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(A California hip hop dance troupe called ... Yet, that stance also helps students to take mo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... (A California hip hop dance troupe called ... Yet, that stance also helps students to take more responsibil-ity for, and feel more ownership of, their learning. ... felt that a few of her students did not accept her attempts to bring the images, issues, and themes from hip hop culture into ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279746"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279746"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279746; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279746]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279746]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279746; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279746']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279746]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279746,"title":"Streets to Schools: African American Youth Culture and the Classroom","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"... 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Yet, that stance also helps students to take more responsibil-ity for, and feel more ownership of, their learning. ... felt that a few of her students did not accept her attempts to bring the images, issues, and themes from hip hop culture into ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279746/Streets_to_Schools_African_American_Youth_Culture_and_the_Classroom","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:18.897-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Streets_to_Schools_African_American_Youth_Culture_and_the_Classroom","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"... (A California hip hop dance troupe called ... Yet, that stance also helps students to take more responsibil-ity for, and feel more ownership of, their learning. ... felt that a few of her students did not accept her attempts to bring the images, issues, and themes from hip hop culture into ...","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":68342,"name":"African American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American"},{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279746-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279745"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279745/Prophylactic_oral_antibiotics_reduce_reinfection_rates_following_two_stage_revision_total_knee_arthroplasty"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Prophylactic oral antibiotics reduce reinfection rates following two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Prophylactic oral antibiotics reduce reinfection rates following two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Orthopaedics</span><span>, Jan 1, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of reinfection in patients who received or...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of reinfection in patients who received oral antibiotic prophylaxis with those who did not following two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. Additional purposes included: (1) comparison of these findings to the infection rate in patients who underwent revision for aseptic reasons, and (2) characterisation of the organisms responsible for reinfection following revision procedures. Twenty-eight two-stage revision knee arthroplasty procedures were followed up by a mean of 33 days of oral antibiotics (range, 28-43 days), while the remaining 38 procedures received only 24-72 hours of in-patient antibiotics. The incidence of reinfection in each group within 12 months was compared. The reinfection rates were additionally compared to those of 237 patients who underwent revision for aseptic loosening over the same time period. Patients who were treated with postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis had a considerably lower reinfection rate, with one reinfection in the prophylaxis group (4%), compared to six reinfections in the no-prophylaxis group (16%). The reinfection rates remained higher compared to those found in patients who underwent revision knee arthroplasty for aseptic loosening (1 of 237 patients; 0.4%). Both high and low virulence organisms were identified in the patients who were subsequently reinfected. A minimum of 28 days of postoperative oral antibiotics appeared to decrease reinfection rates following two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. These results suggest that the use of oral antibiotic prophylaxis following re-implantation may be appropriate in all patients undergoing two-stage revision, even in the absence of any signs of active infection.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279745"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279745"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279745; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279745]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279745]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279745; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279745']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279745]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279745,"title":"Prophylactic oral antibiotics reduce reinfection rates following two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of reinfection in patients who received oral antibiotic prophylaxis with those who did not following two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. Additional purposes included: (1) comparison of these findings to the infection rate in patients who underwent revision for aseptic reasons, and (2) characterisation of the organisms responsible for reinfection following revision procedures. Twenty-eight two-stage revision knee arthroplasty procedures were followed up by a mean of 33 days of oral antibiotics (range, 28-43 days), while the remaining 38 procedures received only 24-72 hours of in-patient antibiotics. The incidence of reinfection in each group within 12 months was compared. The reinfection rates were additionally compared to those of 237 patients who underwent revision for aseptic loosening over the same time period. Patients who were treated with postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis had a considerably lower reinfection rate, with one reinfection in the prophylaxis group (4%), compared to six reinfections in the no-prophylaxis group (16%). The reinfection rates remained higher compared to those found in patients who underwent revision knee arthroplasty for aseptic loosening (1 of 237 patients; 0.4%). Both high and low virulence organisms were identified in the patients who were subsequently reinfected. A minimum of 28 days of postoperative oral antibiotics appeared to decrease reinfection rates following two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. These results suggest that the use of oral antibiotic prophylaxis following re-implantation may be appropriate in all patients undergoing two-stage revision, even in the absence of any signs of active infection.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Orthopaedics"},"translated_abstract":"The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of reinfection in patients who received oral antibiotic prophylaxis with those who did not following two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. Additional purposes included: (1) comparison of these findings to the infection rate in patients who underwent revision for aseptic reasons, and (2) characterisation of the organisms responsible for reinfection following revision procedures. Twenty-eight two-stage revision knee arthroplasty procedures were followed up by a mean of 33 days of oral antibiotics (range, 28-43 days), while the remaining 38 procedures received only 24-72 hours of in-patient antibiotics. The incidence of reinfection in each group within 12 months was compared. The reinfection rates were additionally compared to those of 237 patients who underwent revision for aseptic loosening over the same time period. Patients who were treated with postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis had a considerably lower reinfection rate, with one reinfection in the prophylaxis group (4%), compared to six reinfections in the no-prophylaxis group (16%). The reinfection rates remained higher compared to those found in patients who underwent revision knee arthroplasty for aseptic loosening (1 of 237 patients; 0.4%). Both high and low virulence organisms were identified in the patients who were subsequently reinfected. A minimum of 28 days of postoperative oral antibiotics appeared to decrease reinfection rates following two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. These results suggest that the use of oral antibiotic prophylaxis following re-implantation may be appropriate in all patients undergoing two-stage revision, even in the absence of any signs of active infection.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279745/Prophylactic_oral_antibiotics_reduce_reinfection_rates_following_two_stage_revision_total_knee_arthroplasty","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:18.768-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Prophylactic_oral_antibiotics_reduce_reinfection_rates_following_two_stage_revision_total_knee_arthroplasty","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of reinfection in patients who received oral antibiotic prophylaxis with those who did not following two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. Additional purposes included: (1) comparison of these findings to the infection rate in patients who underwent revision for aseptic reasons, and (2) characterisation of the organisms responsible for reinfection following revision procedures. Twenty-eight two-stage revision knee arthroplasty procedures were followed up by a mean of 33 days of oral antibiotics (range, 28-43 days), while the remaining 38 procedures received only 24-72 hours of in-patient antibiotics. The incidence of reinfection in each group within 12 months was compared. The reinfection rates were additionally compared to those of 237 patients who underwent revision for aseptic loosening over the same time period. Patients who were treated with postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis had a considerably lower reinfection rate, with one reinfection in the prophylaxis group (4%), compared to six reinfections in the no-prophylaxis group (16%). The reinfection rates remained higher compared to those found in patients who underwent revision knee arthroplasty for aseptic loosening (1 of 237 patients; 0.4%). Both high and low virulence organisms were identified in the patients who were subsequently reinfected. A minimum of 28 days of postoperative oral antibiotics appeared to decrease reinfection rates following two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. These results suggest that the use of oral antibiotic prophylaxis following re-implantation may be appropriate in all patients undergoing two-stage revision, even in the absence of any signs of active infection.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":43934,"name":"Orthopaedics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthopaedics"},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies"},{"id":159639,"name":"Antibiotic Prophylaxis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Prophylaxis"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies"},{"id":521963,"name":"Staphylococcus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Staphylococcus"},{"id":782913,"name":"Ciprofloxacin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ciprofloxacin"},{"id":1531338,"name":"Oxazolidinones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxazolidinones"},{"id":1895878,"name":"Acetamides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acetamides"},{"id":2482067,"name":"Reoperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reoperation"},{"id":2560446,"name":"Total Knee Arthroplasty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Total_Knee_Arthroplasty"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279745-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279744"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279744/Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynamic_conditions_on_kinetics_of_carbon_particles_deposition_on_plastic_particles"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effect of physicochemical and hydrodynamic conditions on kinetics of carbon particles deposition on plastic particles" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688037/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279744/Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynamic_conditions_on_kinetics_of_carbon_particles_deposition_on_plastic_particles">Effect of physicochemical and hydrodynamic conditions on kinetics of carbon particles deposition on plastic particles</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chemical Engineering Journal</span><span>, Jan 1, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Deposition of carbon particles on plastic spheres was experimentally investigated. The effects of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Deposition of carbon particles on plastic spheres was experimentally investigated. The effects of CaCl2 concentration, soap concentration and the mixing speed on the deposition rate and the equilibrium particle concentration were studied. The effect of the above parameters on the Langmuir model constants was also determined.In the absence of CaCl2, almost no deposition takes place. However, when CaCl2 was added, the deposition becomes very fast. A large equilibrium constant was obtained when the concentration of CaCl2 equals the stoichiometric amount necessary to react with the sodium stearate soap. On the other hand, when the concentration of CaCl2 was above the stoichiometric amount, both coagulation of carbon particles and deposition took place simultaneously. When the soap concentration was above the stoichiometric amount the deposition rate is slow. Further increase in the soap concentration has similar effect on the deposition rate.The effect of mixing speed on the deposition rate was examined. Mixing speeds of 100, 300 and 500 rpm were used. Results showed that the deposition rate increases as the mixing speed increases until a certain point is reached where it starts to decrease.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="495fdde9a66f2d1943fcefed67f329c8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688037,"asset_id":2279744,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688037/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279744"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279744"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279744; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279744]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279744]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279744; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279744']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "495fdde9a66f2d1943fcefed67f329c8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279744]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279744,"title":"Effect of physicochemical and hydrodynamic conditions on kinetics of carbon particles deposition on plastic particles","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Deposition of carbon particles on plastic spheres was experimentally investigated. The effects of CaCl2 concentration, soap concentration and the mixing speed on the deposition rate and the equilibrium particle concentration were studied. The effect of the above parameters on the Langmuir model constants was also determined.In the absence of CaCl2, almost no deposition takes place. However, when CaCl2 was added, the deposition becomes very fast. A large equilibrium constant was obtained when the concentration of CaCl2 equals the stoichiometric amount necessary to react with the sodium stearate soap. On the other hand, when the concentration of CaCl2 was above the stoichiometric amount, both coagulation of carbon particles and deposition took place simultaneously. When the soap concentration was above the stoichiometric amount the deposition rate is slow. Further increase in the soap concentration has similar effect on the deposition rate.The effect of mixing speed on the deposition rate was examined. Mixing speeds of 100, 300 and 500 rpm were used. Results showed that the deposition rate increases as the mixing speed increases until a certain point is reached where it starts to decrease.","ai_title_tag":"Kinetics of Carbon Deposition on Plastic Spheres","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2001,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},"translated_abstract":"Deposition of carbon particles on plastic spheres was experimentally investigated. The effects of CaCl2 concentration, soap concentration and the mixing speed on the deposition rate and the equilibrium particle concentration were studied. The effect of the above parameters on the Langmuir model constants was also determined.In the absence of CaCl2, almost no deposition takes place. However, when CaCl2 was added, the deposition becomes very fast. A large equilibrium constant was obtained when the concentration of CaCl2 equals the stoichiometric amount necessary to react with the sodium stearate soap. On the other hand, when the concentration of CaCl2 was above the stoichiometric amount, both coagulation of carbon particles and deposition took place simultaneously. When the soap concentration was above the stoichiometric amount the deposition rate is slow. Further increase in the soap concentration has similar effect on the deposition rate.The effect of mixing speed on the deposition rate was examined. Mixing speeds of 100, 300 and 500 rpm were used. Results showed that the deposition rate increases as the mixing speed increases until a certain point is reached where it starts to decrease.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279744/Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynamic_conditions_on_kinetics_of_carbon_particles_deposition_on_plastic_particles","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:18.648-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50688037,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688037/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynam20161202-29901-oqovag.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688037/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynam.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688037/Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynam20161202-29901-oqovag-libre.pdf?1480741216=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEffect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynam.pdf\u0026Expires=1743652914\u0026Signature=E2lXAvzbUnPYqNPGqbAas2CnEMHwBQaByxw~zQhmhKw02MHz~TFChinkjebdBOBprDNGBRK~NiDiHBX6oczw8lTgKFRya190~D2f1ZExGJ4BcSXxe77Drm9ofXBUqcpoE9GWPxONleUF7dlEV81j0ExDqR8ktZbv9~Txv~shaTdsT4Ai0QfeRarHWIFjKFeT5nWiTqBl3TaK1W7QQEKErY7Xs47YRmawItglVjxYYIqYo7uURZZej~xN18E1MPjCNPmimlXr3iBA6TBlWQcp16Uwb4xz3no8DG26pcwr99Q-P9ZIMvpUHk-JMAUEUV-vQiwuMZcbMbVJhDKsIzmWHg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynamic_conditions_on_kinetics_of_carbon_particles_deposition_on_plastic_particles","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Deposition of carbon particles on plastic spheres was experimentally investigated. The effects of CaCl2 concentration, soap concentration and the mixing speed on the deposition rate and the equilibrium particle concentration were studied. The effect of the above parameters on the Langmuir model constants was also determined.In the absence of CaCl2, almost no deposition takes place. However, when CaCl2 was added, the deposition becomes very fast. A large equilibrium constant was obtained when the concentration of CaCl2 equals the stoichiometric amount necessary to react with the sodium stearate soap. On the other hand, when the concentration of CaCl2 was above the stoichiometric amount, both coagulation of carbon particles and deposition took place simultaneously. When the soap concentration was above the stoichiometric amount the deposition rate is slow. Further increase in the soap concentration has similar effect on the deposition rate.The effect of mixing speed on the deposition rate was examined. Mixing speeds of 100, 300 and 500 rpm were used. Results showed that the deposition rate increases as the mixing speed increases until a certain point is reached where it starts to decrease.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[{"id":50688037,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688037/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynam20161202-29901-oqovag.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688037/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynam.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688037/Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynam20161202-29901-oqovag-libre.pdf?1480741216=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEffect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynam.pdf\u0026Expires=1743652914\u0026Signature=E2lXAvzbUnPYqNPGqbAas2CnEMHwBQaByxw~zQhmhKw02MHz~TFChinkjebdBOBprDNGBRK~NiDiHBX6oczw8lTgKFRya190~D2f1ZExGJ4BcSXxe77Drm9ofXBUqcpoE9GWPxONleUF7dlEV81j0ExDqR8ktZbv9~Txv~shaTdsT4Ai0QfeRarHWIFjKFeT5nWiTqBl3TaK1W7QQEKErY7Xs47YRmawItglVjxYYIqYo7uURZZej~xN18E1MPjCNPmimlXr3iBA6TBlWQcp16Uwb4xz3no8DG26pcwr99Q-P9ZIMvpUHk-JMAUEUV-vQiwuMZcbMbVJhDKsIzmWHg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics"},{"id":1458665,"name":"Equilibrium Constant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equilibrium_Constant"},{"id":1698479,"name":"Particle Deposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Deposition"}],"urls":[{"id":414445,"url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894700002424"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279744-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279743"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279743/Spectrophotometric_determination_of_formaldehyde"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spectrophotometric determination of formaldehyde" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Spectrophotometric determination of formaldehyde</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Talanta</span><span>, Jan 1, 1988</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of micro amounts of formaldehyde in aqueous...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of micro amounts of formaldehyde in aqueous and methanol solutions is based on the oxidation of formaldehyde by hydrous silver oxide at pH 11–12.5 and oxidation of the metallic silver produced, with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine. The absorbance of the resulting iron(II)—Ferrozine complex at 562 nm is proportional to the amount of formaldehyde and corresponds to an apparent molar absorptivity of 5.58 × 104 1.mole−1.cm−1.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279743"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279743"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279743; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279743]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279743]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279743; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279743']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279743]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279743,"title":"Spectrophotometric determination of formaldehyde","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of micro amounts of formaldehyde in aqueous and methanol solutions is based on the oxidation of formaldehyde by hydrous silver oxide at pH 11–12.5 and oxidation of the metallic silver produced, with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine. The absorbance of the resulting iron(II)—Ferrozine complex at 562 nm is proportional to the amount of formaldehyde and corresponds to an apparent molar absorptivity of 5.58 × 104 1.mole−1.cm−1.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":1988,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Talanta"},"translated_abstract":"A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of micro amounts of formaldehyde in aqueous and methanol solutions is based on the oxidation of formaldehyde by hydrous silver oxide at pH 11–12.5 and oxidation of the metallic silver produced, with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine. The absorbance of the resulting iron(II)—Ferrozine complex at 562 nm is proportional to the amount of formaldehyde and corresponds to an apparent molar absorptivity of 5.58 × 104 1.mole−1.cm−1.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279743/Spectrophotometric_determination_of_formaldehyde","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:18.544-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Spectrophotometric_determination_of_formaldehyde","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of micro amounts of formaldehyde in aqueous and methanol solutions is based on the oxidation of formaldehyde by hydrous silver oxide at pH 11–12.5 and oxidation of the metallic silver produced, with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine. The absorbance of the resulting iron(II)—Ferrozine complex at 562 nm is proportional to the amount of formaldehyde and corresponds to an apparent molar absorptivity of 5.58 × 104 1.mole−1.cm−1.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry"},{"id":168891,"name":"Chemical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Analysis"},{"id":563382,"name":"Oxidation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidation"}],"urls":[{"id":414444,"url":"http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0039914088801504"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279743-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279742"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279742/Effectiveness_of_parallel_second_order_model_over_second_and_first_order_models"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effectiveness of parallel second order model over second and first order models" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Effectiveness of parallel second order model over second and first order models</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Desalination and Water Treatment</span><span>, Jan 1, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The chlorine decay is usually described by the first order model (FOM) due to its easiness, altho...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The chlorine decay is usually described by the first order model (FOM) due to its easiness, although its weaknesses are well known. In this work, two better models, second order model (SOM) and parallel second order model (PSOM), are compared for their accuracy to predict chlorine residuals for a single dosing scenario. Results showed that SOM model provided a better prediction compared to FOM. However, SOM had two important shortcomings. Firstly, it overly predicted residuals in the lower end of chlorine decay curve, implying false sense of security in achieving secondary disinfection goals. Secondly, when higher initial dose was practiced, chlorine residual prediction was poorer. PSOM on the other hand provided the best fit for the experimental data in the initial as well as the later part of the decay curve for any doses. Compared to SOM which had two parameters, PSOM is more complex as it uses four parameters. Comparing to the advantages, complexity of PSOM is not an issue as EPANET-MSX can be used for full scale system simulation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279742"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279742"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279742; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279742]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279742]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279742; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279742']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279742]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279742,"title":"Effectiveness of parallel second order model over second and first order models","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The chlorine decay is usually described by the first order model (FOM) due to its easiness, although its weaknesses are well known. In this work, two better models, second order model (SOM) and parallel second order model (PSOM), are compared for their accuracy to predict chlorine residuals for a single dosing scenario. Results showed that SOM model provided a better prediction compared to FOM. However, SOM had two important shortcomings. Firstly, it overly predicted residuals in the lower end of chlorine decay curve, implying false sense of security in achieving secondary disinfection goals. Secondly, when higher initial dose was practiced, chlorine residual prediction was poorer. PSOM on the other hand provided the best fit for the experimental data in the initial as well as the later part of the decay curve for any doses. Compared to SOM which had two parameters, PSOM is more complex as it uses four parameters. Comparing to the advantages, complexity of PSOM is not an issue as EPANET-MSX can be used for full scale system simulation.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Desalination and Water Treatment"},"translated_abstract":"The chlorine decay is usually described by the first order model (FOM) due to its easiness, although its weaknesses are well known. In this work, two better models, second order model (SOM) and parallel second order model (PSOM), are compared for their accuracy to predict chlorine residuals for a single dosing scenario. Results showed that SOM model provided a better prediction compared to FOM. However, SOM had two important shortcomings. Firstly, it overly predicted residuals in the lower end of chlorine decay curve, implying false sense of security in achieving secondary disinfection goals. Secondly, when higher initial dose was practiced, chlorine residual prediction was poorer. PSOM on the other hand provided the best fit for the experimental data in the initial as well as the later part of the decay curve for any doses. Compared to SOM which had two parameters, PSOM is more complex as it uses four parameters. Comparing to the advantages, complexity of PSOM is not an issue as EPANET-MSX can be used for full scale system simulation.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279742/Effectiveness_of_parallel_second_order_model_over_second_and_first_order_models","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:18.419-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Effectiveness_of_parallel_second_order_model_over_second_and_first_order_models","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The chlorine decay is usually described by the first order model (FOM) due to its easiness, although its weaknesses are well known. In this work, two better models, second order model (SOM) and parallel second order model (PSOM), are compared for their accuracy to predict chlorine residuals for a single dosing scenario. Results showed that SOM model provided a better prediction compared to FOM. However, SOM had two important shortcomings. Firstly, it overly predicted residuals in the lower end of chlorine decay curve, implying false sense of security in achieving secondary disinfection goals. Secondly, when higher initial dose was practiced, chlorine residual prediction was poorer. PSOM on the other hand provided the best fit for the experimental data in the initial as well as the later part of the decay curve for any doses. Compared to SOM which had two parameters, PSOM is more complex as it uses four parameters. Comparing to the advantages, complexity of PSOM is not an issue as EPANET-MSX can be used for full scale system simulation.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering"},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering"},{"id":39920,"name":"Parameter estimation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parameter_estimation"},{"id":181847,"name":"First-Order Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First-Order_Logic"},{"id":206145,"name":"System Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/System_Simulation"},{"id":347272,"name":"Second Order","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Order"},{"id":1120502,"name":"Experimental Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Data"}],"urls":[{"id":414443,"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2011.2685"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279742-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279741"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279741/Dynamics_of_chelation_supercritical_fluid_extraction_from_wood_fibers"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dynamics of chelation-supercritical fluid extraction from wood fibers" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279741/Dynamics_of_chelation_supercritical_fluid_extraction_from_wood_fibers">Dynamics of chelation-supercritical fluid extraction from wood fibers</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Separation Science</span><span>, Jan 1, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The dynamics of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the metal content of wood fibers chelated...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The dynamics of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the metal content of wood fibers chelated with lithium bis(trifluoroethyl) dithiocarbamate (FDDC) by supercritical (SF) CO2 was investigated experimentally by monitoring the spectra of the eluted metal complex as a function of time. The characteristic shape of the dynamic SFE curve was determined mainly by the flow conditions in the extraction vessel, the mass transfer resistance in the SF phase, and the solubility. High extraction yields of metal content were obtained in two-stage extraction including static (batch) and dynamic (semi-batch) stages. Increasing the length of the static stage increased the rate of dynamic elution of metal complex until it approached the dynamics of fluid displacement for a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). In such cases, increasing the flow rate had no effect on the dynamic extraction curve when it was plotted using dimensionless time. Efficient chelation-SFE from wood fibers was obtained at a pressure of 20.3 MPa and with a static time of 30 min.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-2279741-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-2279741-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3166166/figure-1-increase-in-absorbance-of-the-spectra-measured-in"><img alt="Figure 1. Increase in absorbance of the spectra measured in the collection vessel during the dynamic stage of chelation- SFE from wood fibers at 20.3 MPa and 40°C after a 30-min static stage followed by a dynamic stage at a flow rate of 0.16 mL/min. Time is indicated in the figure for the first 4 curves. The time interval between each curve was 10 min for the subsequent 3 curves, and 30 min for the remaining 4 curves. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688030/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3166172/figure-2-comparison-of-the-final-cumulative-spectra-for-che"><img alt="Figure 2. Comparison of the final cumulative spectra for che- lation-SFE, SFE of organic content, and SFE with LIFDDC only. All SFE experiments were run at 20.3 MPa, 40°C, 30- min static stage and 0.16mL/min flow rate during the dynamic stage. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688030/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3166179/figure-4-effect-of-flow-rate-on-the-dynamic-extraction"><img alt="Figure 4. Effect of flow rate on the dynamic extraction curves for chelation-SFE experiment at 20.3 MPa and 40°C with a static stage of 30 min. Also shown is the dimensionless plot using same symbols (open circles for data with a flow rate of 0.16 mL/min and closed squares for data with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688030/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3166186/figure-5-comparison-of-dynamic-extraction-curve-for-chela"><img alt="Figure 5. Comparison of dynamic extraction curve for chela- tion-SFE (wavelength = 400 nm) with that for SFE of organic content (wavelength = 350 nm) for experiments under the same conditions of 20.3 MPa and 40°C with a static stage lasting 30 min. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688030/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3166194/figure-3-effect-of-length-of-static-stage-on-the-dynamic"><img alt="Figure 3. Effect of length of static stage on the dynamic extraction curves for chelation-SFE experiments at 20.3 MPa and 40°C with a flow rate of 0.16 mL/min for the dynamic stage. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688030/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-2279741-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fd7ea0eeed151bf0792000e64f790cfb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688030,"asset_id":2279741,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688030/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279741"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279741"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279741; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279741]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279741]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279741; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279741']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fd7ea0eeed151bf0792000e64f790cfb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279741]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279741,"title":"Dynamics of chelation-supercritical fluid extraction from wood fibers","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The dynamics of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the metal content of wood fibers chelated with lithium bis(trifluoroethyl) dithiocarbamate (FDDC) by supercritical (SF) CO2 was investigated experimentally by monitoring the spectra of the eluted metal complex as a function of time. The characteristic shape of the dynamic SFE curve was determined mainly by the flow conditions in the extraction vessel, the mass transfer resistance in the SF phase, and the solubility. High extraction yields of metal content were obtained in two-stage extraction including static (batch) and dynamic (semi-batch) stages. Increasing the length of the static stage increased the rate of dynamic elution of metal complex until it approached the dynamics of fluid displacement for a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). In such cases, increasing the flow rate had no effect on the dynamic extraction curve when it was plotted using dimensionless time. Efficient chelation-SFE from wood fibers was obtained at a pressure of 20.3 MPa and with a static time of 30 min.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2004,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Separation Science"},"translated_abstract":"The dynamics of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the metal content of wood fibers chelated with lithium bis(trifluoroethyl) dithiocarbamate (FDDC) by supercritical (SF) CO2 was investigated experimentally by monitoring the spectra of the eluted metal complex as a function of time. The characteristic shape of the dynamic SFE curve was determined mainly by the flow conditions in the extraction vessel, the mass transfer resistance in the SF phase, and the solubility. High extraction yields of metal content were obtained in two-stage extraction including static (batch) and dynamic (semi-batch) stages. Increasing the length of the static stage increased the rate of dynamic elution of metal complex until it approached the dynamics of fluid displacement for a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). In such cases, increasing the flow rate had no effect on the dynamic extraction curve when it was plotted using dimensionless time. Efficient chelation-SFE from wood fibers was obtained at a pressure of 20.3 MPa and with a static time of 30 min.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279741/Dynamics_of_chelation_supercritical_fluid_extraction_from_wood_fibers","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:18.270-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50688030,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"Dynamics_of_chelation-supercritical_flui20161202-29891-1v2y0vt.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688030/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Dynamics_of_chelation_supercritical_flui.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688030/Dynamics_of_chelation-supercritical_flui20161202-29891-1v2y0vt-libre.pdf?1480741221=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDynamics_of_chelation_supercritical_flui.pdf\u0026Expires=1743615425\u0026Signature=a8Q8WnqbaoL69ov0FGjP41nAr2bngga-8k4c~QtPczW9lFqhSZwupypzgsfW~GEn4X4effbp~9V~O6pOdCC-xROKheqjUiNu69j9oZ5W7mdqclbrUiLyCsMI9vnYAINxp7xpHjO7p23tfdgdW-FStdiMw0kAIqQdBwX3GzSbPmLP~uoibjk3bQyxOmulL-j0zJ9fAhIBcW4Xan6a53kz7FktN2PrhZzxa7RCKweCAI5LtOFzbxChY-QPW5O4gLuynBnaPz2BT1UC2bOJnsg9RUvcxGV5vd4Q9icDrjc~DsSRA2mjy6gXHFRAkbaM8rgiJLbd~0IXrBSl5Bajq-GOEw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Dynamics_of_chelation_supercritical_fluid_extraction_from_wood_fibers","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The dynamics of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the metal content of wood fibers chelated with lithium bis(trifluoroethyl) dithiocarbamate (FDDC) by supercritical (SF) CO2 was investigated experimentally by monitoring the spectra of the eluted metal complex as a function of time. The characteristic shape of the dynamic SFE curve was determined mainly by the flow conditions in the extraction vessel, the mass transfer resistance in the SF phase, and the solubility. High extraction yields of metal content were obtained in two-stage extraction including static (batch) and dynamic (semi-batch) stages. Increasing the length of the static stage increased the rate of dynamic elution of metal complex until it approached the dynamics of fluid displacement for a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). In such cases, increasing the flow rate had no effect on the dynamic extraction curve when it was plotted using dimensionless time. Efficient chelation-SFE from wood fibers was obtained at a pressure of 20.3 MPa and with a static time of 30 min.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[{"id":50688030,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"Dynamics_of_chelation-supercritical_flui20161202-29891-1v2y0vt.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688030/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Dynamics_of_chelation_supercritical_flui.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688030/Dynamics_of_chelation-supercritical_flui20161202-29891-1v2y0vt-libre.pdf?1480741221=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDynamics_of_chelation_supercritical_flui.pdf\u0026Expires=1743615425\u0026Signature=a8Q8WnqbaoL69ov0FGjP41nAr2bngga-8k4c~QtPczW9lFqhSZwupypzgsfW~GEn4X4effbp~9V~O6pOdCC-xROKheqjUiNu69j9oZ5W7mdqclbrUiLyCsMI9vnYAINxp7xpHjO7p23tfdgdW-FStdiMw0kAIqQdBwX3GzSbPmLP~uoibjk3bQyxOmulL-j0zJ9fAhIBcW4Xan6a53kz7FktN2PrhZzxa7RCKweCAI5LtOFzbxChY-QPW5O4gLuynBnaPz2BT1UC2bOJnsg9RUvcxGV5vd4Q9icDrjc~DsSRA2mjy6gXHFRAkbaM8rgiJLbd~0IXrBSl5Bajq-GOEw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry"},{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide"},{"id":32910,"name":"Sample Preparation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sample_Preparation"},{"id":67215,"name":"Separation Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Separation_Science"},{"id":71578,"name":"Wood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wood"},{"id":80025,"name":"EDTA Chelation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EDTA_Chelation"},{"id":255058,"name":"Metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metals"},{"id":510153,"name":"Supercritical Fluid Extraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supercritical_Fluid_Extraction"},{"id":773459,"name":"Supercritical Fluid Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supercritical_Fluid_Chromatography"}],"urls":[{"id":414442,"url":"http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jssc.200401751"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279741-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279740"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279740/Enzymuria_determination_in_children_treated_with_aminoglycosides_drugs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Enzymuria determination in children treated with aminoglycosides drugs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Enzymuria determination in children treated with aminoglycosides drugs</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Human & Experimental Toxicology</span><span>, Jan 1, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Although aminoglycosides antibiotics are used in children and adult commonly, they have serious s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Although aminoglycosides antibiotics are used in children and adult commonly, they have serious side effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. In clinical practice, for renal function, the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen routinely are measured. Since these parameters have limitations such as unreliability, insensitivity, and nonspecificity, the rapid assessment of renal function based on these patients is very important. Increase in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), a hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme, suggests proximal tubular cell damage. In this study, 32 children aged 2 months through 2 years, treated with gentamicin and amikacin for suspected infections at the pediatric ward of Alborz hospital from September 2006 to February 2007, were enrolled. Serum and fresh urine before and after drug infusion were obtained on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days of antibiotic treatment. Serum urea and creatinine with urinary creatinine, albumin, NAG, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity were then determined. A statistically significant increase in urinary NAG, LDH, and AP on 5th day was found compared with before gentamicin administration (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05, respectively). The urinary NAG activity may be a useful indicator of renal injury in children treated with aminoglycosides drugs compared with other routine clinical indicators.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279740"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279740"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279740; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279740]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279740]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279740; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279740']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279740]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279740,"title":"Enzymuria determination in children treated with aminoglycosides drugs","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Although aminoglycosides antibiotics are used in children and adult commonly, they have serious side effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. In clinical practice, for renal function, the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen routinely are measured. Since these parameters have limitations such as unreliability, insensitivity, and nonspecificity, the rapid assessment of renal function based on these patients is very important. Increase in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), a hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme, suggests proximal tubular cell damage. In this study, 32 children aged 2 months through 2 years, treated with gentamicin and amikacin for suspected infections at the pediatric ward of Alborz hospital from September 2006 to February 2007, were enrolled. Serum and fresh urine before and after drug infusion were obtained on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days of antibiotic treatment. Serum urea and creatinine with urinary creatinine, albumin, NAG, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity were then determined. A statistically significant increase in urinary NAG, LDH, and AP on 5th day was found compared with before gentamicin administration (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001, P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01, P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05, respectively). The urinary NAG activity may be a useful indicator of renal injury in children treated with aminoglycosides drugs compared with other routine clinical indicators.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Human \u0026 Experimental Toxicology"},"translated_abstract":"Although aminoglycosides antibiotics are used in children and adult commonly, they have serious side effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. In clinical practice, for renal function, the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen routinely are measured. Since these parameters have limitations such as unreliability, insensitivity, and nonspecificity, the rapid assessment of renal function based on these patients is very important. Increase in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), a hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme, suggests proximal tubular cell damage. In this study, 32 children aged 2 months through 2 years, treated with gentamicin and amikacin for suspected infections at the pediatric ward of Alborz hospital from September 2006 to February 2007, were enrolled. Serum and fresh urine before and after drug infusion were obtained on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days of antibiotic treatment. Serum urea and creatinine with urinary creatinine, albumin, NAG, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity were then determined. A statistically significant increase in urinary NAG, LDH, and AP on 5th day was found compared with before gentamicin administration (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001, P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01, P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05, respectively). The urinary NAG activity may be a useful indicator of renal injury in children treated with aminoglycosides drugs compared with other routine clinical indicators.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279740/Enzymuria_determination_in_children_treated_with_aminoglycosides_drugs","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:18.146-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Enzymuria_determination_in_children_treated_with_aminoglycosides_drugs","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Although aminoglycosides antibiotics are used in children and adult commonly, they have serious side effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. In clinical practice, for renal function, the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen routinely are measured. Since these parameters have limitations such as unreliability, insensitivity, and nonspecificity, the rapid assessment of renal function based on these patients is very important. Increase in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), a hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme, suggests proximal tubular cell damage. In this study, 32 children aged 2 months through 2 years, treated with gentamicin and amikacin for suspected infections at the pediatric ward of Alborz hospital from September 2006 to February 2007, were enrolled. Serum and fresh urine before and after drug infusion were obtained on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days of antibiotic treatment. Serum urea and creatinine with urinary creatinine, albumin, NAG, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity were then determined. A statistically significant increase in urinary NAG, LDH, and AP on 5th day was found compared with before gentamicin administration (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001, P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01, P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05, respectively). The urinary NAG activity may be a useful indicator of renal injury in children treated with aminoglycosides drugs compared with other routine clinical indicators.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":8999,"name":"Kidney diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney_diseases"},{"id":41720,"name":"Human","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human"},{"id":52836,"name":"Clinical Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Practice"},{"id":125564,"name":"Statistical Significance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Significance"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":146242,"name":"Urea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urea"},{"id":204435,"name":"Alkaline phosphatase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alkaline_phosphatase"},{"id":227310,"name":"Blood Urea Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Urea_Nitrogen"},{"id":227311,"name":"Serum Creatinine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serum_Creatinine"},{"id":227354,"name":"Renal Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renal_Function"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors"},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers"},{"id":698785,"name":"Side Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Side_Effect"},{"id":752559,"name":"Albuminuria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Albuminuria"},{"id":836013,"name":"Lactate dehydrogenase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactate_dehydrogenase"},{"id":1178762,"name":"Rapid Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rapid_Assessment"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests"},{"id":1438730,"name":"Creatinine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creatinine"},{"id":2467505,"name":"Gentamicins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gentamicins"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool"}],"urls":[{"id":414441,"url":"http://het.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0960327108100417"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279740-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279739"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279739/Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_wood_pulp_fibers_using_supercritical_carbon_dioxide"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Extraction of transition metals from wood pulp fibers using supercritical carbon dioxide" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688027/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279739/Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_wood_pulp_fibers_using_supercritical_carbon_dioxide">Extraction of transition metals from wood pulp fibers using supercritical carbon dioxide</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chemical Engineering Communications</span><span>, Jan 1, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7e1b39a4a4134642b4e49b67a8bff9d0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688027,"asset_id":2279739,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688027/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279739"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279739"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279739; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7e1b39a4a4134642b4e49b67a8bff9d0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279739]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279739,"title":"Extraction of transition metals from wood pulp fibers using supercritical carbon dioxide","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_abstract":"Supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) extraction was studied for its efficacy in removing transition metals from wood pulp fibers, specifically focusing on manganese and iron. A lipophilic chelating agent, lithium bis(trifluoroethyl) dithiocarbamate (FDDC), was employed to facilitate the extraction process. Results indicated that while manganese could be effectively removed (up to 91% recovery), iron remained firmly bound to the pulp structure. The study demonstrates the potential of complexation-supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as a method for enhancing the bleaching process in the pulp and paper industry, while also mitigating the environmental impact of hazardous waste.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2002,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Chemical Engineering Communications"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279739/Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_wood_pulp_fibers_using_supercritical_carbon_dioxide","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:18.027-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50688027,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688027/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_woo20161202-29891-jl2taw.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688027/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_woo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688027/Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_woo20161202-29891-jl2taw-libre.pdf?1480741222=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExtraction_of_transition_metals_from_woo.pdf\u0026Expires=1743615425\u0026Signature=AW4Z80xEszUShakZ3ecKz-kt37UeliaaaCf5p7RI12gB2ftIbVL6oOWKwaWXDbidFnZwo0X0uS6d9zCwhYFBPzDakKx6oxbZWVkHwSWmEzgiP~UbOZmMsnziZI892KVeAU2waXsq1xzcgh4hDiRVuKO9~AqScwquRl1BamPlqVhxGjvtkYIqgkeKtvWii4j1kSvX7CSyrJXgMcaZANtug75dboSQeMHzr5LDFMCy2MoofQLWqCQaCUalvVWxNPKbuwXACwHCoj1XFh~SLyFZaxcClJnbdN1JECaVvnhLodXBhcb9EHEVOE11IFMOsDmyt1NK-JGdLAs7SX3-Oy9WUw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_wood_pulp_fibers_using_supercritical_carbon_dioxide","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[{"id":50688027,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688027/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_woo20161202-29891-jl2taw.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688027/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_woo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688027/Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_woo20161202-29891-jl2taw-libre.pdf?1480741222=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExtraction_of_transition_metals_from_woo.pdf\u0026Expires=1743615425\u0026Signature=AW4Z80xEszUShakZ3ecKz-kt37UeliaaaCf5p7RI12gB2ftIbVL6oOWKwaWXDbidFnZwo0X0uS6d9zCwhYFBPzDakKx6oxbZWVkHwSWmEzgiP~UbOZmMsnziZI892KVeAU2waXsq1xzcgh4hDiRVuKO9~AqScwquRl1BamPlqVhxGjvtkYIqgkeKtvWii4j1kSvX7CSyrJXgMcaZANtug75dboSQeMHzr5LDFMCy2MoofQLWqCQaCUalvVWxNPKbuwXACwHCoj1XFh~SLyFZaxcClJnbdN1JECaVvnhLodXBhcb9EHEVOE11IFMOsDmyt1NK-JGdLAs7SX3-Oy9WUw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":1294768,"name":"Chemical Engineering Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering_Communications"}],"urls":[{"id":414440,"url":"http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article\u0026doi=10.1080/00986440211741\u0026magic=crossref%7C%7CD404A21C5BB053405B1A640AFFD44AE3"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279739-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279738"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279738/Kinetics_of_deposition_of_carbon_particles_on_plastic_spheres"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Kinetics of deposition of carbon particles on plastic spheres" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688032/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279738/Kinetics_of_deposition_of_carbon_particles_on_plastic_spheres">Kinetics of deposition of carbon particles on plastic spheres</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Separation Science and Technology</span><span>, Jan 1, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="95f14baf08c46fb6e76d8a9add897088" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688032,"asset_id":2279738,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688032/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279738"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279738"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279738; 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It builds on previous work that primarily focused on equilibrium surface coverage by emphasizing the full deposition period and presenting a parametric study of Langmuir kinetics effects on deposition curves. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279738-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279737"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279737/Applying_the_Multiple_Linear_Regressions_and_Taguchi_Design_Method_for_Controlled_Fabrication_of_Carbon_Nanotubes_in_Solution"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Applying the Multiple Linear Regressions and Taguchi Design Method for Controlled Fabrication of Carbon Nanotubes in Solution" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Applying the Multiple Linear Regressions and Taguchi Design Method for Controlled Fabrication of Carbon Nanotubes in Solution</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures</span><span>, Jan 1, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... View all references) determination of optimal run; and (77. Jahanshahi, M., Raoof, J., Hajiza...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... View all references) determination of optimal run; and (77. Jahanshahi, M., Raoof, J., Hajizadeh, S. and Jabari Seresht, R. Synthesis of ... ideal product will only respond to the operator&amp;amp;#x27;s signals and will be unaffected by random noise factors (eg, weather, temperature, humidity). ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279737"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279737"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279737; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279737]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279737]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279737; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279737']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279737]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279737,"title":"Applying the Multiple Linear Regressions and Taguchi Design Method for Controlled Fabrication of Carbon Nanotubes in Solution","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"... View all references) determination of optimal run; and (77. Jahanshahi, M., Raoof, J., Hajizadeh, S. and Jabari Seresht, R. Synthesis of ... ideal product will only respond to the operator\u0026amp;amp;#x27;s signals and will be unaffected by random noise factors (eg, weather, temperature, humidity). ...","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures"},"translated_abstract":"... View all references) determination of optimal run; and (77. Jahanshahi, M., Raoof, J., Hajizadeh, S. and Jabari Seresht, R. Synthesis of ... ideal product will only respond to the operator\u0026amp;amp;#x27;s signals and will be unaffected by random noise factors (eg, weather, temperature, humidity). ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279737/Applying_the_Multiple_Linear_Regressions_and_Taguchi_Design_Method_for_Controlled_Fabrication_of_Carbon_Nanotubes_in_Solution","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:17.817-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Applying_the_Multiple_Linear_Regressions_and_Taguchi_Design_Method_for_Controlled_Fabrication_of_Carbon_Nanotubes_in_Solution","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"... View all references) determination of optimal run; and (77. Jahanshahi, M., Raoof, J., Hajizadeh, S. and Jabari Seresht, R. Synthesis of ... ideal product will only respond to the operator\u0026amp;amp;#x27;s signals and will be unaffected by random noise factors (eg, weather, temperature, humidity). ...","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy"},{"id":10909,"name":"Carbon Nanotubes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Nanotubes"},{"id":12842,"name":"Carbon Nanotube","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Nanotube"},{"id":14076,"name":"Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy"},{"id":17733,"name":"Nanotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotechnology"},{"id":56503,"name":"Linear Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_Model"},{"id":80596,"name":"Design method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_method"},{"id":189984,"name":"Electronic properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_properties"},{"id":199316,"name":"Multiple Linear Regression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_Linear_Regression"},{"id":209305,"name":"Design of experiment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_of_experiment"},{"id":231362,"name":"Taguchi method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taguchi_method"},{"id":344905,"name":"Taguchi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taguchi"}],"urls":[{"id":414438,"url":"http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article\u0026doi=10.1080/15363830903586492\u0026magic=crossref%7C%7CD404A21C5BB053405B1A640AFFD44AE3"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279737-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279736"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279736/Chemical_reduction_and_spectrophotometric_determination_of_silver_copper_and_nickel"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chemical reduction and spectrophotometric determination of silver, copper and nickel" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688029/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279736/Chemical_reduction_and_spectrophotometric_determination_of_silver_copper_and_nickel">Chemical reduction and spectrophotometric determination of silver, copper and nickel</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Talanta</span><span>, Jan 1, 1987</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Silver(I), copper(II) and nickel(II) can be reduced to the metallic state by formaldehyde at pH 1...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Silver(I), copper(II) and nickel(II) can be reduced to the metallic state by formaldehyde at pH 11, chromium(II) in 2.5M sulphuric acid, and borohydride at pH 5.5–6.0, respectively. Reoxidation of these metals with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine enables their determination at concentration below 1 μg/ml by measurement of the absorbance of the iron(II)—Ferrozine complex at 562 nm, with a precision better than 3%. The apparent molar absorptivities for silver, copper and nickel are 2.78 × 104, 5.56 × 104 and 5.58 × 104 l.mole−1.cm−1, respectively. The average thickness of silver films on glass surfaces can be determined in the way.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-2279736-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-2279736-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/4611935/figure-1-copper-and-silver-can-both-be-reduced-at-concen"><img alt="Copper and silver can both be reduced at concen- trations as low as 4 x 107° M, but control of the pH is then fairly critical, and the reaction time has to be extended to 20 min, so preconcentration of such dilute solutions is preferable. The individual elements in pure solution can be determined with a relative precision of 3% or better. The precision and accuracy depend to a great extent on the absence of inter- ferences. Nitrate and nitrite are to some extent re- duced to a lower oxidation state by chromous ion and yield high absorbance values and halides stabilize the copper(I) state and yield low values for copper. Reduction of silver by formaldehyde is specific, and nitrate or sulphate do not interfere. However, when the copper to silver ratio is greater than 5, the results for silver are consistently higher by approximately 5% and the deviation increases with increase in the reduction time used. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688029/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/4611938/table-3-analysis-of-mg-samples-of-silver-copper-and-german"><img alt="Table 3. Analysis of mg samples of silver-copper and German silver alloys Nickel in German-silver is separated from copper by passing the sample through a cation-exchange resin followed by elution with 9M hydrochloric acid onto an anion-exchange resin.*! For the reduction it is essential to evaporate the acid and adjust the pH to 5—6. At pH > 6 the reduction of nickel is slow and at pH <5 the decomposition of borohydride is fast, and consequently some of the nickel escapes reduc- tion, giving values that are low. It has been reported that borohydride produces nickel boride**** but our tests, after heating the solutions, indicate that this side-reaction has a minimal effect on the deter- mination of nickel. Borohydride decomposition at " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688029/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/4611943/table-1-average-and-standard-deviation-of-four"><img alt="*Average and standard deviation of four determinations. Table 1. Determination of silver, copper and nickel individually for the reaction. The rate of reoxidation of metals with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine depends on the particle size of the metals formed and on the pH, and the reaction is " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688029/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/4611949/table-2-analysis-of-simulated-samples-of-silver-copper-and"><img alt="Table 2. Analysis of simulated samples of silver-copper and German silver alloys " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688029/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/4611953/table-4-thickness-of-silver-mirrors-area-cm-used-for"><img alt="Table 4. Thickness of silver mirrors (area 15.30 cm?) used for formaldehyde determination.” Form- aldehyde at pH 11 is quite specific for silver reduc- tion and does not reduce copper(II), nickel(II) or iron(II). However, copper(II) can be reduced at pH above 12 on heating for 20 min at about 90°. Also, noble metals such as gold and platinum are partially reduced by formaldehyde and interfere. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688029/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/4611959/table-5-type-of-reducing-agents-used"><img alt="Table 5. Type of reducing agents used " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688029/table_005.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-2279736-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e690a38de25598ec629c76487df7e4a0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688029,"asset_id":2279736,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688029/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279736"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279736"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279736; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279736]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279736]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279736; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279736']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e690a38de25598ec629c76487df7e4a0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279736]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279736,"title":"Chemical reduction and spectrophotometric determination of silver, copper and nickel","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Silver(I), copper(II) and nickel(II) can be reduced to the metallic state by formaldehyde at pH 11, chromium(II) in 2.5M sulphuric acid, and borohydride at pH 5.5–6.0, respectively. Reoxidation of these metals with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine enables their determination at concentration below 1 μg/ml by measurement of the absorbance of the iron(II)—Ferrozine complex at 562 nm, with a precision better than 3%. The apparent molar absorptivities for silver, copper and nickel are 2.78 × 104, 5.56 × 104 and 5.58 × 104 l.mole−1.cm−1, respectively. The average thickness of silver films on glass surfaces can be determined in the way.","ai_title_tag":"Determining Silver, Copper, and Nickel via Spectrophotometry","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":1987,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Talanta"},"translated_abstract":"Silver(I), copper(II) and nickel(II) can be reduced to the metallic state by formaldehyde at pH 11, chromium(II) in 2.5M sulphuric acid, and borohydride at pH 5.5–6.0, respectively. Reoxidation of these metals with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine enables their determination at concentration below 1 μg/ml by measurement of the absorbance of the iron(II)—Ferrozine complex at 562 nm, with a precision better than 3%. The apparent molar absorptivities for silver, copper and nickel are 2.78 × 104, 5.56 × 104 and 5.58 × 104 l.mole−1.cm−1, respectively. The average thickness of silver films on glass surfaces can be determined in the way.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279736/Chemical_reduction_and_spectrophotometric_determination_of_silver_copper_and_nickel","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:17.700-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50688029,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688029/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"0039-9140_2887_2980165-020161202-29901-1c4i6uv.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688029/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Chemical_reduction_and_spectrophotometri.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688029/0039-9140_2887_2980165-020161202-29901-1c4i6uv-libre.pdf?1480741223=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChemical_reduction_and_spectrophotometri.pdf\u0026Expires=1743652915\u0026Signature=N3jxbI2Ha1oS9vORjBWBIAFTk2SP3t5t-BYtuc9nXflOTXpHr2kKjLsojRpLjomaI7muA8Np~axHoC9z5XTbHjmZnw5Nrcb7ECFnFX~g1RpjH4zcXioMVAr8qyXuULoqHRaZ1~Uq7g4qkR7GoyndjI8roTphj~9UCJAzPmQ5MUrHY4I4x4LM5A~-suejXOSWH7wJlSAmEOLPmg2AzZNPCpP~eDJEL0YyDDSh8Wb8BlPuba7cL2U2Qjnk8g8wR76sZSmA8iNl0HrQxoEJMBrPq40GN3jhUXxN0rNSxVydiShZQFCLQOZipe4JHfkWwnKrHLtlNIJ5B9DqG9ft~P-Tow__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Chemical_reduction_and_spectrophotometric_determination_of_silver_copper_and_nickel","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Silver(I), copper(II) and nickel(II) can be reduced to the metallic state by formaldehyde at pH 11, chromium(II) in 2.5M sulphuric acid, and borohydride at pH 5.5–6.0, respectively. Reoxidation of these metals with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine enables their determination at concentration below 1 μg/ml by measurement of the absorbance of the iron(II)—Ferrozine complex at 562 nm, with a precision better than 3%. The apparent molar absorptivities for silver, copper and nickel are 2.78 × 104, 5.56 × 104 and 5.58 × 104 l.mole−1.cm−1, respectively. The average thickness of silver films on glass surfaces can be determined in the way.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[{"id":50688029,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688029/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"0039-9140_2887_2980165-020161202-29901-1c4i6uv.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688029/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Chemical_reduction_and_spectrophotometri.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688029/0039-9140_2887_2980165-020161202-29901-1c4i6uv-libre.pdf?1480741223=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChemical_reduction_and_spectrophotometri.pdf\u0026Expires=1743652915\u0026Signature=N3jxbI2Ha1oS9vORjBWBIAFTk2SP3t5t-BYtuc9nXflOTXpHr2kKjLsojRpLjomaI7muA8Np~axHoC9z5XTbHjmZnw5Nrcb7ECFnFX~g1RpjH4zcXioMVAr8qyXuULoqHRaZ1~Uq7g4qkR7GoyndjI8roTphj~9UCJAzPmQ5MUrHY4I4x4LM5A~-suejXOSWH7wJlSAmEOLPmg2AzZNPCpP~eDJEL0YyDDSh8Wb8BlPuba7cL2U2Qjnk8g8wR76sZSmA8iNl0HrQxoEJMBrPq40GN3jhUXxN0rNSxVydiShZQFCLQOZipe4JHfkWwnKrHLtlNIJ5B9DqG9ft~P-Tow__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry"}],"urls":[{"id":414437,"url":"http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0039914087801650"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279736-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279735"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279735/Kinetic_models_of_supercritical_fluid_extraction"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Kinetic models of supercritical fluid extraction" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688035/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279735/Kinetic_models_of_supercritical_fluid_extraction">Kinetic models of supercritical fluid extraction</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Separation Science</span><span>, Jan 1, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-2279735-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-2279735-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/36612350/figure-1-sfe-curves-for-static-stage-with-mass-transfer"><img alt="Figure 1. SFE curves for a static stage with mass transfer control and linear equilibrium isotherm with K, = 0.5. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688035/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/36612365/figure-2-dynamic-sfe-curves-for-analytical-tests-with-mass"><img alt="Figure 2. Dynamic SFE curves for analytical tests with mass transfer control and linear equilibrium isotherm and with K, = 1.0. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688035/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/36612377/figure-3-dynamic-sfe-curves-obtained-from-equilibrium-model"><img alt="Figure 3. Dynamic SFE curves obtained from equilibrium model, mass transfer model, and Langmuir kinetics without an initial static stage and all at the same K.=0.5. Also shown is the SFE curve from the fluid displacement model. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688035/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/36612391/table-1-types-of-sfe-models-with-sample-references"><img alt="Table 1. Types of SFE models with sample references. centration in the SF is considered to be constant or zero in some cases [34]. In such a case, the mass fraction of solute in the solid phase is considered to be dependent on time and internal position in the solid phase and the non- steady state diffusion equation (example: Eq. (5)) is solved for the transfer of the solute across the solid phase. Models of this type usually express results as percentage extraction (or average percentage remaining in solid) asa function of time. with reversible adsorption or particle deposition models. The following section provides some examples. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279735-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279734"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279734/Voltage_effects_on_the_production_of_nanocarbons_by_a_unique_arc_discharge_set_up_in_solution"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Voltage effects on the production of nanocarbons by a unique arc-discharge set-up in solution" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Voltage effects on the production of nanocarbons by a unique arc-discharge set-up in solution</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Experimental Nanoscience</span><span>, Jan 1, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Well graphitised nanocarbons including onion-like fullerenes and single- and multi-walled carbon ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Well graphitised nanocarbons including onion-like fullerenes and single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesised in high yield by automatic arc-discharge method in solution. This technique is considered a low-cost method since it does not require any expensive equipment. Herein, an arc discharge full automatic set-up was used for fabrication of CNTs which enables controlling of the gap between the</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279734"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279734"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279734; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279734]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279734]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279734; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279734']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279734]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279734,"title":"Voltage effects on the production of nanocarbons by a unique arc-discharge set-up in solution","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Well graphitised nanocarbons including onion-like fullerenes and single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesised in high yield by automatic arc-discharge method in solution. 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Public reporting burden for this colle...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. carbon nanotubes, polyaniline nanofibers or Si nanowires were irradiated using a photographic flash. [1-3]. In these studies, the high surface to volume ratio of the nanomaterials being flashed, coupled with the inability of the small structures to efficiently dissipate the absorbed energy, led to a rapid increase in temperature and subsequent ignition/welding of the materials. Although heating materials through the use of light energy is not a new phenomenon, achieving such a rapid and dramatic temperature change using only millisecond pulses of light demonstrates a tangible and technologically significant capability, unique to nanoscale materials.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7cad41a225dc2c2ce4c381805b037641" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688031,"asset_id":2279733,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688031/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279733"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279733"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279733; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279733]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279733]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279733; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279733']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7cad41a225dc2c2ce4c381805b037641" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279733]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279733,"title":"Photothermal Deoxygenation of Graphene Oxide for Patterning and Distributed Ignition Applications","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. carbon nanotubes, polyaniline nanofibers or Si nanowires were irradiated using a photographic flash. [1-3]. In these studies, the high surface to volume ratio of the nanomaterials being flashed, coupled with the inability of the small structures to efficiently dissipate the absorbed energy, led to a rapid increase in temperature and subsequent ignition/welding of the materials. Although heating materials through the use of light energy is not a new phenomenon, achieving such a rapid and dramatic temperature change using only millisecond pulses of light demonstrates a tangible and technologically significant capability, unique to nanoscale materials.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Advanced Materials","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":50688031},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279733/Photothermal_Deoxygenation_of_Graphene_Oxide_for_Patterning_and_Distributed_Ignition_Applications","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:16.827-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50688031,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688031/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Photothermal_Deoxygenation_of_Graphene_O20161202-29891-xvf8ci.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688031/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Photothermal_Deoxygenation_of_Graphene_O.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688031/Photothermal_Deoxygenation_of_Graphene_O20161202-29891-xvf8ci-libre.pdf?1480741224=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPhotothermal_Deoxygenation_of_Graphene_O.pdf\u0026Expires=1743652915\u0026Signature=Pb6CcueATkhCl4wXYz905TLufbwY3ZCAlK56XqE1UWZ-qxNYWMt-ZJ068V3Hq0ZX41najLr74SYXkpP-t9Rdqqy5foaDMF8X01GvhraTsG26LgzpCgIUJZPKcBMPr0djC9M8wGEBxidQGKTXPKOuSsCg0zSUGXGxuD7reRYzMsrSeUzvI9xkqgFpB416wDsweungcw8pHcw94TzQ7ljh7dQon~tZ9ckv54AUkSC~Q3tlpfjZy9x-10P2JbPHScI9SnRe9GNTxaPJo1RhLQGLBtaF~QruiAyMT7Du1wVVj0btLXWJXwCaehkShBidUEV18CtoO5rq45wRdPO3b7sHSQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Photothermal_Deoxygenation_of_Graphene_Oxide_for_Patterning_and_Distributed_Ignition_Applications","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. 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PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. carbon nanotubes, polyaniline nanofibers or Si nanowires were irradiated using a photographic flash. [1-3]. In these studies, the high surface to volume ratio of the nanomaterials being flashed, coupled with the inability of the small structures to efficiently dissipate the absorbed energy, led to a rapid increase in temperature and subsequent ignition/welding of the materials. Although heating materials through the use of light energy is not a new phenomenon, achieving such a rapid and dramatic temperature change using only millisecond pulses of light demonstrates a tangible and technologically significant capability, unique to nanoscale materials.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[{"id":50688031,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688031/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Photothermal_Deoxygenation_of_Graphene_O20161202-29891-xvf8ci.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688031/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Photothermal_Deoxygenation_of_Graphene_O.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688031/Photothermal_Deoxygenation_of_Graphene_O20161202-29891-xvf8ci-libre.pdf?1480741224=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPhotothermal_Deoxygenation_of_Graphene_O.pdf\u0026Expires=1743652915\u0026Signature=Pb6CcueATkhCl4wXYz905TLufbwY3ZCAlK56XqE1UWZ-qxNYWMt-ZJ068V3Hq0ZX41najLr74SYXkpP-t9Rdqqy5foaDMF8X01GvhraTsG26LgzpCgIUJZPKcBMPr0djC9M8wGEBxidQGKTXPKOuSsCg0zSUGXGxuD7reRYzMsrSeUzvI9xkqgFpB416wDsweungcw8pHcw94TzQ7ljh7dQon~tZ9ckv54AUkSC~Q3tlpfjZy9x-10P2JbPHScI9SnRe9GNTxaPJo1RhLQGLBtaF~QruiAyMT7Du1wVVj0btLXWJXwCaehkShBidUEV18CtoO5rq45wRdPO3b7sHSQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering"},{"id":5104,"name":"Photochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photochemistry"},{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon"},{"id":21927,"name":"Advanced Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advanced_Materials"},{"id":72820,"name":"Graphite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graphite"},{"id":118582,"name":"Physical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_sciences"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES"},{"id":555965,"name":"Advanced","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advanced"},{"id":802500,"name":"Oxides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxides"},{"id":1256747,"name":"Oxidation-Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidation-Reduction"}],"urls":[{"id":414434,"url":"http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/adma.200901902"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279733-figures'); } }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="332164" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279753"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279753/A_study_of_compensatory_techniques_which_address_missing_data_problems"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A study of compensatory techniques which address missing data problems" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">A study of compensatory techniques which address missing data problems</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Standard software packages by default implement methods such as listwise deletion that simply dro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Standard software packages by default implement methods such as listwise deletion that simply drops cases that have missing values. This study tested three techniques (multiple imputation, mean substitution, and listwise deletion) used to remedy problems associated with missing data. Data from the revised General Social Survey from 1993 were used in this study. Four variables were selected for inclusion in this study: age, education, socioeconomic status, and number of hours of TV viewing. A total of 30 samples (10 each with a sample size of 50, 100, and 200) were randomly selected from the 1,500 cases in this database using SPSS - Windows, ver. 12.0. From these samples, additional samples were generated with 10%, 30%, and 50% of values randomly deleted using a random number generator. These data manipulations produced 40 samples for each sample size. The compensatory techniques (listwise deletion, mean substitution, and multiple imputation) were applied to every sample, with summary statistics (e.g., means, standard deviations, medians, and minimum and maximum scores) generated for each sample. Regression analyses were completed for each of the samples, with number of TV hours used as the criterion variable, and age, education, and socioeconomic status used as predictor variables. Means and standard deviations of the R2s for each of the sample sizes and compensatory techniques were obtained to allow comparisons across the samples. ^ Mean ratios were computed for each missing value condition to determine the degree to which each technique effectively compensated for missing values. To determine the mean ratios for the mean scores, the mean of each sample was compared to the mean of its original sample. A similar method was used to compare the R2s for each of the missing value conditions with the R2 for the original sample. In addition, a 3 x 3 factorial analysis of variance was used to test for differences between the main effects of compensatory technique and percent of missing values. Mean substitution appeared to produce estimates that most nearly emulated that of the original sample. ^</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279753"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279753"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279753; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279753]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279753]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279753; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279753']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279753]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279753,"title":"A study of compensatory techniques which address missing data problems","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Standard software packages by default implement methods such as listwise deletion that simply drops cases that have missing values. This study tested three techniques (multiple imputation, mean substitution, and listwise deletion) used to remedy problems associated with missing data. Data from the revised General Social Survey from 1993 were used in this study. Four variables were selected for inclusion in this study: age, education, socioeconomic status, and number of hours of TV viewing. A total of 30 samples (10 each with a sample size of 50, 100, and 200) were randomly selected from the 1,500 cases in this database using SPSS - Windows, ver. 12.0. From these samples, additional samples were generated with 10%, 30%, and 50% of values randomly deleted using a random number generator. These data manipulations produced 40 samples for each sample size. The compensatory techniques (listwise deletion, mean substitution, and multiple imputation) were applied to every sample, with summary statistics (e.g., means, standard deviations, medians, and minimum and maximum scores) generated for each sample. Regression analyses were completed for each of the samples, with number of TV hours used as the criterion variable, and age, education, and socioeconomic status used as predictor variables. Means and standard deviations of the R2s for each of the sample sizes and compensatory techniques were obtained to allow comparisons across the samples. ^ Mean ratios were computed for each missing value condition to determine the degree to which each technique effectively compensated for missing values. To determine the mean ratios for the mean scores, the mean of each sample was compared to the mean of its original sample. A similar method was used to compare the R2s for each of the missing value conditions with the R2 for the original sample. In addition, a 3 x 3 factorial analysis of variance was used to test for differences between the main effects of compensatory technique and percent of missing values. Mean substitution appeared to produce estimates that most nearly emulated that of the original sample. ^","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2004,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Standard software packages by default implement methods such as listwise deletion that simply drops cases that have missing values. This study tested three techniques (multiple imputation, mean substitution, and listwise deletion) used to remedy problems associated with missing data. Data from the revised General Social Survey from 1993 were used in this study. Four variables were selected for inclusion in this study: age, education, socioeconomic status, and number of hours of TV viewing. A total of 30 samples (10 each with a sample size of 50, 100, and 200) were randomly selected from the 1,500 cases in this database using SPSS - Windows, ver. 12.0. From these samples, additional samples were generated with 10%, 30%, and 50% of values randomly deleted using a random number generator. These data manipulations produced 40 samples for each sample size. The compensatory techniques (listwise deletion, mean substitution, and multiple imputation) were applied to every sample, with summary statistics (e.g., means, standard deviations, medians, and minimum and maximum scores) generated for each sample. Regression analyses were completed for each of the samples, with number of TV hours used as the criterion variable, and age, education, and socioeconomic status used as predictor variables. Means and standard deviations of the R2s for each of the sample sizes and compensatory techniques were obtained to allow comparisons across the samples. ^ Mean ratios were computed for each missing value condition to determine the degree to which each technique effectively compensated for missing values. To determine the mean ratios for the mean scores, the mean of each sample was compared to the mean of its original sample. A similar method was used to compare the R2s for each of the missing value conditions with the R2 for the original sample. In addition, a 3 x 3 factorial analysis of variance was used to test for differences between the main effects of compensatory technique and percent of missing values. Mean substitution appeared to produce estimates that most nearly emulated that of the original sample. ^","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279753/A_study_of_compensatory_techniques_which_address_missing_data_problems","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:19.856-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_study_of_compensatory_techniques_which_address_missing_data_problems","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Standard software packages by default implement methods such as listwise deletion that simply drops cases that have missing values. This study tested three techniques (multiple imputation, mean substitution, and listwise deletion) used to remedy problems associated with missing data. Data from the revised General Social Survey from 1993 were used in this study. Four variables were selected for inclusion in this study: age, education, socioeconomic status, and number of hours of TV viewing. A total of 30 samples (10 each with a sample size of 50, 100, and 200) were randomly selected from the 1,500 cases in this database using SPSS - Windows, ver. 12.0. From these samples, additional samples were generated with 10%, 30%, and 50% of values randomly deleted using a random number generator. These data manipulations produced 40 samples for each sample size. The compensatory techniques (listwise deletion, mean substitution, and multiple imputation) were applied to every sample, with summary statistics (e.g., means, standard deviations, medians, and minimum and maximum scores) generated for each sample. Regression analyses were completed for each of the samples, with number of TV hours used as the criterion variable, and age, education, and socioeconomic status used as predictor variables. Means and standard deviations of the R2s for each of the sample sizes and compensatory techniques were obtained to allow comparisons across the samples. ^ Mean ratios were computed for each missing value condition to determine the degree to which each technique effectively compensated for missing values. To determine the mean ratios for the mean scores, the mean of each sample was compared to the mean of its original sample. A similar method was used to compare the R2s for each of the missing value conditions with the R2 for the original sample. In addition, a 3 x 3 factorial analysis of variance was used to test for differences between the main effects of compensatory technique and percent of missing values. Mean substitution appeared to produce estimates that most nearly emulated that of the original sample. ^","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":69841,"name":"Standard Deviation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standard_Deviation"},{"id":121607,"name":"Missing Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missing_Data"},{"id":196189,"name":"Sample Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sample_Size"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance"},{"id":492721,"name":"Multiple Imputation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_Imputation"},{"id":557802,"name":"Missing Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missing_Values"},{"id":643601,"name":"Tests and Measurements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tests_and_Measurements"},{"id":752262,"name":"General Social Survey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Social_Survey"},{"id":1123775,"name":"RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RANDOM_NUMBER_GENERATOR"},{"id":2057366,"name":"Software Package","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Package"}],"urls":[{"id":414451,"url":"http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/dissertations/AAI3130346"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279753-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279752"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279752/Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water_using_the_parallel_second_order_model_An_analytical_solution_development"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chlorine decay prediction in bulk water using the parallel second order model: An analytical solution development" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688022/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279752/Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water_using_the_parallel_second_order_model_An_analytical_solution_development">Chlorine decay prediction in bulk water using the parallel second order model: An analytical solution development</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chemical Engineering Journal</span><span>, Jan 1, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">All distributed drinking water receives some form of disinfection and a minimum disinfectant resi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">All distributed drinking water receives some form of disinfection and a minimum disinfectant residual should be maintained at the customer tap. The most popular disinfectant is chlorine. Chlorine reacts with compounds in water and hence decays. Description of chlorine decay is often difficult, due to a complex set of reactions and an initial fast reaction followed by a slower reaction. Before any attempt could be made to understand the decay characteristics in the distribution system, chlorine decay in bulk water has to be correctly described. The parallel second order reaction model was found to be one of the most suitable models for this purpose. However, widespread use of this model is hindered by its complexity, most importantly the non-existence of an analytical solution. In this paper, an analytical solution for this model was developed by initially assuming that the ratio (α) of slow and fast reaction rate coefficients is small. The estimated parameters and the chlorine residuals predicted by the numerical analysis and the proposed solution were compared for the chlorine decay data sets obtained from the literature as well as laboratory analysis. The results showed that the proposed analytical solution was very accurate for the prediction of chlorine decay behaviour in all samples.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-2279752-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-2279752-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044518/figure-1-according-to-eq-if-it-could-be-assumed-that-ksra"><img alt="According to Eq. (29), if it could be assumed that w=Ksra/kgra is small enough to be negligible (a =ksra/krra > — 0), then the role of slow reacting agents during the short initial time, in which fast reacting agents are being depleted, could be ignored. The reason is that, during the initial time of the reaction, when t > 0, x > 0, then from Eq. (29), it yields y+— 0. Figs. 1 and 2 clearly illustrate an example of the specific functional behaviour of Eqs. (29) and (30) for a set of sample parameters. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044520/figure-2-illustration-of-the-behaviour-of-and-functions"><img alt="Fig. 2. Illustration of the behaviour of x and y functions versus time for the sample parameters; b=3(mg/L), c=5 (mg/L), w=0.02. Therefore, the effect of slow reacting agents on the first reaction at the beginning of the reactions can be ignored and as a result, Eq. The important point here is that because of the significant dif- ference between the reaction rates of the fast and slow reacting agents, the rate at which y is getting far from zero is much less than that of x. In other words, during the initial period of time (when t— 0), due to the specific functional attitude of Eq. (29), y is closer to zero than x. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044522/figure-4-the-goodness-of-fitting-for-the-literature-data"><img alt="Fig. 4. The goodness of fitting for the literature data sets Nos. 2-4 with the curves generated by the new analytical solution using MATLAB. In general, the model predicted chlorine concentrations well, although much better fitting was obtained when a single curve is fitted. Figs. 4-7 show the fitting of model for single dosing cases. In multi-dosing cases, the fitting was slightly compromised as can be seen in Figs. 3, 8 and 9. As detailed earlier, for multi-dosing of single water, single parameter set was used to fit all the data sets arising from single water. That means one set of parameters is used for three or four data sets of chlorine decay tests for one water sample with different initial chlorine doses. In these data sets, it is clear that initial chlorine dose varied from 4 to 10 mg/L for the literature data No. 1 and 3 to 8mg/L for experimental data set Nos. 1 and 2. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044524/figure-3-the-goodness-of-fitting-for-the-literature-data-set"><img alt="Fig. 3. The goodness of fitting for the literature data set No. 1, with different initial doses, with the curves generated by the new analytical solution using Excel Solver. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044526/figure-5-the-goodness-of-fitting-for-the-literature-data"><img alt="Fig. 5. The goodness of fitting for the literature data sets Nos. 5-7 with the curves generated by the new analytical solution using MATLAB. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044528/figure-7-the-goodness-of-fitting-for-the-literature-data"><img alt="Fig. 7. The goodness of fitting for the literature data sets Nos. 11 and 12 with the curves generated by the new analytical solution using MATLAB. If one examines these initial chlorine dosing it is clear, in practi- cal situations chlorine dosing do not vary such widely. However, even for these wide variations we could note that PSOM predicts chlorine concentrations reasonably well; implying a single set of parameter can be used for different dosing. In the original paper proposed by Kastl et al. [15], they showed a good fit to the model for initial concentrations from 1 to 4mg/L. In addition, our studies have shown that PSOM is more accurate than FOM, SOM and even Parallel First Order Model (PFOM) when single or multiple-dosing chlorine decay data sets with single set or multiple sets of parame- ters are used for modelling [12]. Therefore, slightly poor predictions at larger ranges considered in this paper do not necessarily mean the model fails in predicting chlorine concentration for practical ranges of initial chlorine dosing. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044529/figure-6-the-goodness-of-fitting-for-the-literature-data"><img alt="Fig. 6. The goodness of fitting for the literature data sets Nos. 8-10 with the curves generated by the new analytical solution using MATLAB. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044530/figure-8-the-goodness-of-fitting-for-the-experimental-data"><img alt="Fig. 8. The goodness of fitting for the experimental data set No. 1, with different initial doses, with the curves generated using the numerical methods with AQUASIM. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044531/figure-9-the-goodness-of-fitting-for-the-experimental-data"><img alt="Fig. 9. The goodness of fitting for the experimental data set No. 2, with different initial doses, with the curves generated using the numerical methods with AQUASIM. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044532/table-1-some-of-the-reported-values-for-kpra-and-kspa-in-the"><img alt="Some of the reported values for kpra and Kspa in the literature. Table 1 For solving Eqs. (19) and (20), it is better to eliminate sections dt and (a —x —y) by dividing (19) by (20): " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044533/table-2-water-quality-characteristics-of-the-samples-its"><img alt="Water quality characteristics of the samples. Table 2 its maximum value (x > b) ina short initial time. As a result, ignor- ing the effect of x variation during this initial period, the whole part Of Cotpea(t) = a — x could be assumed to be constant after the initial period of reaction time. Therefore, according to Clark’s formula- tion [3], from Eqs. (19) and (20), the following formulas could be derived: " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/51044534/table-3-comparison-of-the-estimated-parameters-obtained-by"><img alt="Comparison of the estimated parameters obtained by the new analytical solution with MATLAB and Excel Solver with those obtained by AQUASIM’s numerical methods using the parallel second order model. 2 R?: R-square; SSE: sum squared error; x7: chi-square. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688022/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-2279752-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ff084c47617f3a1c0e2bb87a456529e9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688022,"asset_id":2279752,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688022/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279752"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279752"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279752; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279752]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279752]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279752; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279752']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ff084c47617f3a1c0e2bb87a456529e9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279752]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279752,"title":"Chlorine decay prediction in bulk water using the parallel second order model: An analytical solution development","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"All distributed drinking water receives some form of disinfection and a minimum disinfectant residual should be maintained at the customer tap. The most popular disinfectant is chlorine. Chlorine reacts with compounds in water and hence decays. Description of chlorine decay is often difficult, due to a complex set of reactions and an initial fast reaction followed by a slower reaction. Before any attempt could be made to understand the decay characteristics in the distribution system, chlorine decay in bulk water has to be correctly described. The parallel second order reaction model was found to be one of the most suitable models for this purpose. However, widespread use of this model is hindered by its complexity, most importantly the non-existence of an analytical solution. In this paper, an analytical solution for this model was developed by initially assuming that the ratio (α) of slow and fast reaction rate coefficients is small. The estimated parameters and the chlorine residuals predicted by the numerical analysis and the proposed solution were compared for the chlorine decay data sets obtained from the literature as well as laboratory analysis. The results showed that the proposed analytical solution was very accurate for the prediction of chlorine decay behaviour in all samples.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},"translated_abstract":"All distributed drinking water receives some form of disinfection and a minimum disinfectant residual should be maintained at the customer tap. The most popular disinfectant is chlorine. Chlorine reacts with compounds in water and hence decays. Description of chlorine decay is often difficult, due to a complex set of reactions and an initial fast reaction followed by a slower reaction. Before any attempt could be made to understand the decay characteristics in the distribution system, chlorine decay in bulk water has to be correctly described. The parallel second order reaction model was found to be one of the most suitable models for this purpose. However, widespread use of this model is hindered by its complexity, most importantly the non-existence of an analytical solution. In this paper, an analytical solution for this model was developed by initially assuming that the ratio (α) of slow and fast reaction rate coefficients is small. The estimated parameters and the chlorine residuals predicted by the numerical analysis and the proposed solution were compared for the chlorine decay data sets obtained from the literature as well as laboratory analysis. The results showed that the proposed analytical solution was very accurate for the prediction of chlorine decay behaviour in all samples.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279752/Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water_using_the_parallel_second_order_model_An_analytical_solution_development","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:19.724-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50688022,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688022/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water_20161202-29897-1tthkxb.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688022/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688022/Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water_20161202-29897-1tthkxb-libre.pdf?1480741228=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water.pdf\u0026Expires=1743652914\u0026Signature=Oq5Kx7~KoVt3ggp5dq1K0oSSwrkiDKbFqKCx7-WifQ2QEfckN6G8ocfPu05NjjPz0Fz2o8RADzNaYn3LOIuDKBymiAdBGydMsgRwYL5C34uarDT-BoASeCHuYWHAIFt4i0SGF-~iCyv-DLykPMJVkW7j2Fc-0jyK-oRfWBWlfF7OBrq-7ESgeEqY6RAvkBh4vb8cr2UscCz9AH1KQ10F5Co3yKFQxQBOIdHxdSagYT8mK7W1S0AHn~iqk98D0RqXwcEOzT~AM~E1OYM1XXUcg1m9X7HKyGDDgm73-l9RhtBkX4fzok~jDg2nW2bktKkwlKBsigInmdWZRqRXEz~Odw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water_using_the_parallel_second_order_model_An_analytical_solution_development","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"All distributed drinking water receives some form of disinfection and a minimum disinfectant residual should be maintained at the customer tap. The most popular disinfectant is chlorine. Chlorine reacts with compounds in water and hence decays. Description of chlorine decay is often difficult, due to a complex set of reactions and an initial fast reaction followed by a slower reaction. Before any attempt could be made to understand the decay characteristics in the distribution system, chlorine decay in bulk water has to be correctly described. The parallel second order reaction model was found to be one of the most suitable models for this purpose. However, widespread use of this model is hindered by its complexity, most importantly the non-existence of an analytical solution. In this paper, an analytical solution for this model was developed by initially assuming that the ratio (α) of slow and fast reaction rate coefficients is small. The estimated parameters and the chlorine residuals predicted by the numerical analysis and the proposed solution were compared for the chlorine decay data sets obtained from the literature as well as laboratory analysis. The results showed that the proposed analytical solution was very accurate for the prediction of chlorine decay behaviour in all samples.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[{"id":50688022,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688022/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water_20161202-29897-1tthkxb.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688022/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688022/Chlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water_20161202-29897-1tthkxb-libre.pdf?1480741228=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChlorine_decay_prediction_in_bulk_water.pdf\u0026Expires=1743652914\u0026Signature=Oq5Kx7~KoVt3ggp5dq1K0oSSwrkiDKbFqKCx7-WifQ2QEfckN6G8ocfPu05NjjPz0Fz2o8RADzNaYn3LOIuDKBymiAdBGydMsgRwYL5C34uarDT-BoASeCHuYWHAIFt4i0SGF-~iCyv-DLykPMJVkW7j2Fc-0jyK-oRfWBWlfF7OBrq-7ESgeEqY6RAvkBh4vb8cr2UscCz9AH1KQ10F5Co3yKFQxQBOIdHxdSagYT8mK7W1S0AHn~iqk98D0RqXwcEOzT~AM~E1OYM1XXUcg1m9X7HKyGDDgm73-l9RhtBkX4fzok~jDg2nW2bktKkwlKBsigInmdWZRqRXEz~Odw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics"},{"id":6177,"name":"Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling"},{"id":7968,"name":"Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction"},{"id":12022,"name":"Numerical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Analysis"},{"id":22686,"name":"Distributed System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_System"},{"id":60658,"name":"Numerical Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Simulation"},{"id":120641,"name":"Drinking Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water"},{"id":251652,"name":"Water Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Use"},{"id":330841,"name":"Analytical Solution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Solution"},{"id":347272,"name":"Second Order","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Order"},{"id":778709,"name":"Reaction Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Rate"}],"urls":[{"id":414450,"url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894711003214"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279752-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279751"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279751/Context_Aware_Interaction_Approach_to_Handle_Users_Local_Contexts_in_Web_2_0"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Context-Aware Interaction Approach to Handle Users Local Contexts in Web 2.0" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688021/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279751/Context_Aware_Interaction_Approach_to_Handle_Users_Local_Contexts_in_Web_2_0">Context-Aware Interaction Approach to Handle Users Local Contexts in Web 2.0</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Users sharing and authoring of Web contents via different Web sites is the main idea of the Web 2...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Users sharing and authoring of Web contents via different Web sites is the main idea of the Web 2.0. However, Web users belong to different communities and follow their own semantics (referred to as local contexts) to represent and interpret Web contents. Therefore, they encounter discrepancies when they have to interpret Web contents authored by different persons. This paper proposes a context-aware interaction approach that helps Web authors annotate Web contents with their local context information, so that it becomes possible for Web browsers to personalize these contents according to different users’ local contexts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="43b97d29f270fdcfc4a7df137669ff0f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688021,"asset_id":2279751,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688021/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279751"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279751"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279751; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279751]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279751]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279751; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279751']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "43b97d29f270fdcfc4a7df137669ff0f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279751]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279751,"title":"Context-Aware Interaction Approach to Handle Users Local Contexts in Web 2.0","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Users sharing and authoring of Web contents via different Web sites is the main idea of the Web 2.0. However, Web users belong to different communities and follow their own semantics (referred to as local contexts) to represent and interpret Web contents. Therefore, they encounter discrepancies when they have to interpret Web contents authored by different persons. This paper proposes a context-aware interaction approach that helps Web authors annotate Web contents with their local context information, so that it becomes possible for Web browsers to personalize these contents according to different users’ local contexts.","ai_title_tag":"Context-Aware Approach to Personalize Web 2.0 Content","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2010,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Users sharing and authoring of Web contents via different Web sites is the main idea of the Web 2.0. However, Web users belong to different communities and follow their own semantics (referred to as local contexts) to represent and interpret Web contents. Therefore, they encounter discrepancies when they have to interpret Web contents authored by different persons. This paper proposes a context-aware interaction approach that helps Web authors annotate Web contents with their local context information, so that it becomes possible for Web browsers to personalize these contents according to different users’ local contexts.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279751/Context_Aware_Interaction_Approach_to_Handle_Users_Local_Contexts_in_Web_2_0","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:19.614-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50688021,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688021/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"02icwe2008ws-iwwost10-mrissa.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688021/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Context_Aware_Interaction_Approach_to_Ha.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688021/02icwe2008ws-iwwost10-mrissa-libre.pdf?1480741230=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DContext_Aware_Interaction_Approach_to_Ha.pdf\u0026Expires=1743615425\u0026Signature=QvW3-AJsgCYMreEnhVIeGTR4vqvqshieZAzbZDYBuFGMt3O3RvXG-GZ6i7y9q47mABbXE6T9gipldRp4B4xyHWJNLfPyvs1HGeIH3h1ymHOWNsBW8cNz5MayyfcBdq4RJHmuLrUVEYwB5soIsds984ucjmaCwHw3WBlKfQWVrPpKrY5UBg7R8yJYFtx90F5DSw7kuEDZNLsTM16IkHmq0jVYQh~PgCWLjE64GJGRnDYx0NKQUcnEpHtF6Mln-zdqQbJ4IzR80mOF8gumoBNFMCf9W0eSEHeEffuZaI6-iANsPbvo3iK8Cq3YkozRHcGaMUU-A6froYbBhxc64AdNBA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Context_Aware_Interaction_Approach_to_Handle_Users_Local_Contexts_in_Web_2_0","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Users sharing and authoring of Web contents via different Web sites is the main idea of the Web 2.0. However, Web users belong to different communities and follow their own semantics (referred to as local contexts) to represent and interpret Web contents. Therefore, they encounter discrepancies when they have to interpret Web contents authored by different persons. This paper proposes a context-aware interaction approach that helps Web authors annotate Web contents with their local context information, so that it becomes possible for Web browsers to personalize these contents according to different users’ local contexts.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[{"id":50688021,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688021/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"02icwe2008ws-iwwost10-mrissa.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688021/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Context_Aware_Interaction_Approach_to_Ha.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688021/02icwe2008ws-iwwost10-mrissa-libre.pdf?1480741230=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DContext_Aware_Interaction_Approach_to_Ha.pdf\u0026Expires=1743615425\u0026Signature=QvW3-AJsgCYMreEnhVIeGTR4vqvqshieZAzbZDYBuFGMt3O3RvXG-GZ6i7y9q47mABbXE6T9gipldRp4B4xyHWJNLfPyvs1HGeIH3h1ymHOWNsBW8cNz5MayyfcBdq4RJHmuLrUVEYwB5soIsds984ucjmaCwHw3WBlKfQWVrPpKrY5UBg7R8yJYFtx90F5DSw7kuEDZNLsTM16IkHmq0jVYQh~PgCWLjE64GJGRnDYx0NKQUcnEpHtF6Mln-zdqQbJ4IzR80mOF8gumoBNFMCf9W0eSEHeEffuZaI6-iANsPbvo3iK8Cq3YkozRHcGaMUU-A6froYbBhxc64AdNBA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1384,"name":"Web Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_Engineering"},{"id":17711,"name":"Semantic Web","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantic_Web"},{"id":48771,"name":"Web","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web"},{"id":67104,"name":"Data Interpretation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Interpretation"},{"id":2474013,"name":"Web Documents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_Documents"}],"urls":[{"id":414449,"url":"http://www.springerlink.com/content/n1825076g6155380"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279751-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279750"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279750/Atomistic_Simulations_of_Tribological_Properties_of_Ultra_Thin_Carbon_Nanotube_Films_on_Silicon"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Atomistic Simulations of Tribological Properties of Ultra-Thin Carbon Nanotube Films on Silicon" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Atomistic Simulations of Tribological Properties of Ultra-Thin Carbon Nanotube Films on Silicon</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study relationships between material morphology, adhes...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study relationships between material morphology, adhesion, and sliding friction in carbon nanotube (CNT) coatings at the nanoscale. Two controlled quantities, CNT chirality and vacancy defects, are found to have significant effects on CNT coating adhesion to Si surfaces and sliding friction in turn. For example, using free energy calculations, a CNT of chirality (10,0) with a corresponding diameter of 7.777 Å was observed to have an adhesion energy-per-unit-length of approximately three-times that of a CNT with (5,5) chirality and corresponding diameter of 6.732 Å. Simulations of aligned carbon nanotube arrays containing various vacancy defect densities in sliding contact with Si substrates were also performed. Friction and wear were shown to increase with defect density. Similar studies are underway to investigate how other characteristics of CNTs in addition to chirality, such as CNT length distribution and defect concentration, affect adhesion and friction in CNT-Si coatings. Outcomes may shed light on fundamental principles governing, for example, sliding interfaces in micro- and nano-electro-mechanical and other tribological systems.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279750"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279750"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279750; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279750]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279750]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279750; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279750']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279750]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279750,"title":"Atomistic Simulations of Tribological Properties of Ultra-Thin Carbon Nanotube Films on Silicon","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study relationships between material morphology, adhesion, and sliding friction in carbon nanotube (CNT) coatings at the nanoscale. Two controlled quantities, CNT chirality and vacancy defects, are found to have significant effects on CNT coating adhesion to Si surfaces and sliding friction in turn. For example, using free energy calculations, a CNT of chirality (10,0) with a corresponding diameter of 7.777 Å was observed to have an adhesion energy-per-unit-length of approximately three-times that of a CNT with (5,5) chirality and corresponding diameter of 6.732 Å. Simulations of aligned carbon nanotube arrays containing various vacancy defect densities in sliding contact with Si substrates were also performed. Friction and wear were shown to increase with defect density. Similar studies are underway to investigate how other characteristics of CNTs in addition to chirality, such as CNT length distribution and defect concentration, affect adhesion and friction in CNT-Si coatings. Outcomes may shed light on fundamental principles governing, for example, sliding interfaces in micro- and nano-electro-mechanical and other tribological systems.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2010,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study relationships between material morphology, adhesion, and sliding friction in carbon nanotube (CNT) coatings at the nanoscale. Two controlled quantities, CNT chirality and vacancy defects, are found to have significant effects on CNT coating adhesion to Si surfaces and sliding friction in turn. For example, using free energy calculations, a CNT of chirality (10,0) with a corresponding diameter of 7.777 Å was observed to have an adhesion energy-per-unit-length of approximately three-times that of a CNT with (5,5) chirality and corresponding diameter of 6.732 Å. Simulations of aligned carbon nanotube arrays containing various vacancy defect densities in sliding contact with Si substrates were also performed. Friction and wear were shown to increase with defect density. Similar studies are underway to investigate how other characteristics of CNTs in addition to chirality, such as CNT length distribution and defect concentration, affect adhesion and friction in CNT-Si coatings. Outcomes may shed light on fundamental principles governing, for example, sliding interfaces in micro- and nano-electro-mechanical and other tribological systems.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279750/Atomistic_Simulations_of_Tribological_Properties_of_Ultra_Thin_Carbon_Nanotube_Films_on_Silicon","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:19.244-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Atomistic_Simulations_of_Tribological_Properties_of_Ultra_Thin_Carbon_Nanotube_Films_on_Silicon","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study relationships between material morphology, adhesion, and sliding friction in carbon nanotube (CNT) coatings at the nanoscale. Two controlled quantities, CNT chirality and vacancy defects, are found to have significant effects on CNT coating adhesion to Si surfaces and sliding friction in turn. For example, using free energy calculations, a CNT of chirality (10,0) with a corresponding diameter of 7.777 Å was observed to have an adhesion energy-per-unit-length of approximately three-times that of a CNT with (5,5) chirality and corresponding diameter of 6.732 Å. Simulations of aligned carbon nanotube arrays containing various vacancy defect densities in sliding contact with Si substrates were also performed. Friction and wear were shown to increase with defect density. Similar studies are underway to investigate how other characteristics of CNTs in addition to chirality, such as CNT length distribution and defect concentration, affect adhesion and friction in CNT-Si coatings. Outcomes may shed light on fundamental principles governing, for example, sliding interfaces in micro- and nano-electro-mechanical and other tribological systems.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":2950,"name":"Computational Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Modeling"},{"id":10909,"name":"Carbon Nanotubes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Nanotubes"},{"id":23008,"name":"Wear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wear"},{"id":28505,"name":"Adhesion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adhesion"},{"id":30488,"name":"Atomic Layer Deposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atomic_Layer_Deposition"},{"id":49427,"name":"Thin Films","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thin_Films"},{"id":59375,"name":"Chirality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chirality"},{"id":104994,"name":"Si","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Si"},{"id":578624,"name":"Crystal Defects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystal_Defects"},{"id":687524,"name":"Adhesives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adhesives"},{"id":882535,"name":"Substrates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substrates"},{"id":1188997,"name":"C","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/C"}],"urls":[{"id":414448,"url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=6018021"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279750-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279748"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279748/A_study_of_atmospheric_radon_gas_concentrations_in_water_extraction_wells_of_Hamadan_western_Iran"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A study of atmospheric radon gas concentrations in water extraction wells of Hamadan, western Iran" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">A study of atmospheric radon gas concentrations in water extraction wells of Hamadan, western Iran</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It is well known that half of the radiation received by humans is due to the presence of radon (2...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It is well known that half of the radiation received by humans is due to the presence of radon (222Rn) in the built environment. As part of a project measuring indoor radon in Hamadan, western Iran, a survey was undertaken of atmospheric radon in 28 wells in the region using a Sarad Doseman. Specific geological features of this settlement include highly permeable alluvial fan deposits which result in radon being released to the atmosphere. The observed radon concentrations in well shafts(between 1,000 Bq m3 and 36,600 Bq m3) show considerable variability both in space and time. One aspect of this study was to also assess whether there was a relationship between the depth of a well and the measured atmospheric radon concentration. The importance of such measurements in this region is highlighted by the fact that radon levels in homes in Hamadan are probably greatly influenced by the porous nature of this underlying geology and its use as a water reservoir / conduit through the application of qanat technology.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279748"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279748"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279748; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279748]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279748]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279748; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279748']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279748]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279748,"title":"A study of atmospheric radon gas concentrations in water extraction wells of Hamadan, western Iran","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"It is well known that half of the radiation received by humans is due to the presence of radon (222Rn) in the built environment. As part of a project measuring indoor radon in Hamadan, western Iran, a survey was undertaken of atmospheric radon in 28 wells in the region using a Sarad Doseman. Specific geological features of this settlement include highly permeable alluvial fan deposits which result in radon being released to the atmosphere. The observed radon concentrations in well shafts(between 1,000 Bq m3 and 36,600 Bq m3) show considerable variability both in space and time. One aspect of this study was to also assess whether there was a relationship between the depth of a well and the measured atmospheric radon concentration. The importance of such measurements in this region is highlighted by the fact that radon levels in homes in Hamadan are probably greatly influenced by the porous nature of this underlying geology and its use as a water reservoir / conduit through the application of qanat technology.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2010,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"It is well known that half of the radiation received by humans is due to the presence of radon (222Rn) in the built environment. As part of a project measuring indoor radon in Hamadan, western Iran, a survey was undertaken of atmospheric radon in 28 wells in the region using a Sarad Doseman. Specific geological features of this settlement include highly permeable alluvial fan deposits which result in radon being released to the atmosphere. The observed radon concentrations in well shafts(between 1,000 Bq m3 and 36,600 Bq m3) show considerable variability both in space and time. One aspect of this study was to also assess whether there was a relationship between the depth of a well and the measured atmospheric radon concentration. The importance of such measurements in this region is highlighted by the fact that radon levels in homes in Hamadan are probably greatly influenced by the porous nature of this underlying geology and its use as a water reservoir / conduit through the application of qanat technology.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279748/A_study_of_atmospheric_radon_gas_concentrations_in_water_extraction_wells_of_Hamadan_western_Iran","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:19.121-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_study_of_atmospheric_radon_gas_concentrations_in_water_extraction_wells_of_Hamadan_western_Iran","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"It is well known that half of the radiation received by humans is due to the presence of radon (222Rn) in the built environment. As part of a project measuring indoor radon in Hamadan, western Iran, a survey was undertaken of atmospheric radon in 28 wells in the region using a Sarad Doseman. Specific geological features of this settlement include highly permeable alluvial fan deposits which result in radon being released to the atmosphere. The observed radon concentrations in well shafts(between 1,000 Bq m3 and 36,600 Bq m3) show considerable variability both in space and time. One aspect of this study was to also assess whether there was a relationship between the depth of a well and the measured atmospheric radon concentration. The importance of such measurements in this region is highlighted by the fact that radon levels in homes in Hamadan are probably greatly influenced by the porous nature of this underlying geology and its use as a water reservoir / conduit through the application of qanat technology.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":414447,"url":"http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.1797G"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279748-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279747"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279747/38_1_Study_of_Ion_Beam_Alignment_of_Liquid_Crystals_on_Polymer_Substrates"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 38.1: Study of Ion Beam Alignment of Liquid Crystals on Polymer Substrates" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279747/38_1_Study_of_Ion_Beam_Alignment_of_Liquid_Crystals_on_Polymer_Substrates">38.1: Study of Ion Beam Alignment of Liquid Crystals on Polymer Substrates</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sid Symposium Digest of Technical Papers</span><span>, Jan 1, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Various polymer substrates, including polyimide and polystyrene were bombarded with an Ar þ ion b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Various polymer substrates, including polyimide and polystyrene were bombarded with an Ar þ ion beam in high vacuum at an oblique angle. The alignment direction of the liquid crystal 5CB on these polymer substrates is always parallel to the ion beam propagation direction regardless of the type of polymer used. The alignment mechanism is studied using surface sensitive techniques such as Polarized Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-IR), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. We propose that selective destruction of the weakest bonds (p bonds) in the polymer by the Ar þ ion beam results in a net excess of the remaining p bonds. The anisotropy in these p bonds align liquid crystals parallel to the ion beam propagation direction.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d2bbc819af565f26479948af58c61944" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688101,"asset_id":2279747,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688101/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279747"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279747"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279747; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279747]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279747]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279747; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279747']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d2bbc819af565f26479948af58c61944" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279747]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279747,"title":"38.1: Study of Ion Beam Alignment of Liquid Crystals on Polymer Substrates","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Ion Beam Alignment of Liquid Crystals","grobid_abstract":"Various polymer substrates, including polyimide and polystyrene were bombarded with an Ar þ ion beam in high vacuum at an oblique angle. 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(A California hip hop dance troupe called ... Yet, that stance also helps students to take mo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... (A California hip hop dance troupe called ... Yet, that stance also helps students to take more responsibil-ity for, and feel more ownership of, their learning. ... felt that a few of her students did not accept her attempts to bring the images, issues, and themes from hip hop culture into ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279746"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279746"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279746; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279746]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279746]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279746; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279746']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279746]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279746,"title":"Streets to Schools: African American Youth Culture and the Classroom","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"... 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Yet, that stance also helps students to take more responsibil-ity for, and feel more ownership of, their learning. ... felt that a few of her students did not accept her attempts to bring the images, issues, and themes from hip hop culture into ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279746/Streets_to_Schools_African_American_Youth_Culture_and_the_Classroom","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:18.897-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Streets_to_Schools_African_American_Youth_Culture_and_the_Classroom","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"... (A California hip hop dance troupe called ... Yet, that stance also helps students to take more responsibil-ity for, and feel more ownership of, their learning. ... felt that a few of her students did not accept her attempts to bring the images, issues, and themes from hip hop culture into ...","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":68342,"name":"African American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American"},{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279746-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279745"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279745/Prophylactic_oral_antibiotics_reduce_reinfection_rates_following_two_stage_revision_total_knee_arthroplasty"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Prophylactic oral antibiotics reduce reinfection rates following two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Prophylactic oral antibiotics reduce reinfection rates following two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Orthopaedics</span><span>, Jan 1, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of reinfection in patients who received or...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of reinfection in patients who received oral antibiotic prophylaxis with those who did not following two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. Additional purposes included: (1) comparison of these findings to the infection rate in patients who underwent revision for aseptic reasons, and (2) characterisation of the organisms responsible for reinfection following revision procedures. Twenty-eight two-stage revision knee arthroplasty procedures were followed up by a mean of 33 days of oral antibiotics (range, 28-43 days), while the remaining 38 procedures received only 24-72 hours of in-patient antibiotics. The incidence of reinfection in each group within 12 months was compared. The reinfection rates were additionally compared to those of 237 patients who underwent revision for aseptic loosening over the same time period. Patients who were treated with postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis had a considerably lower reinfection rate, with one reinfection in the prophylaxis group (4%), compared to six reinfections in the no-prophylaxis group (16%). The reinfection rates remained higher compared to those found in patients who underwent revision knee arthroplasty for aseptic loosening (1 of 237 patients; 0.4%). Both high and low virulence organisms were identified in the patients who were subsequently reinfected. A minimum of 28 days of postoperative oral antibiotics appeared to decrease reinfection rates following two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. These results suggest that the use of oral antibiotic prophylaxis following re-implantation may be appropriate in all patients undergoing two-stage revision, even in the absence of any signs of active infection.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279745"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279745"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279745; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279745]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279745]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279745; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279745']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279745]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279745,"title":"Prophylactic oral antibiotics reduce reinfection rates following two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of reinfection in patients who received oral antibiotic prophylaxis with those who did not following two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. Additional purposes included: (1) comparison of these findings to the infection rate in patients who underwent revision for aseptic reasons, and (2) characterisation of the organisms responsible for reinfection following revision procedures. Twenty-eight two-stage revision knee arthroplasty procedures were followed up by a mean of 33 days of oral antibiotics (range, 28-43 days), while the remaining 38 procedures received only 24-72 hours of in-patient antibiotics. The incidence of reinfection in each group within 12 months was compared. The reinfection rates were additionally compared to those of 237 patients who underwent revision for aseptic loosening over the same time period. Patients who were treated with postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis had a considerably lower reinfection rate, with one reinfection in the prophylaxis group (4%), compared to six reinfections in the no-prophylaxis group (16%). The reinfection rates remained higher compared to those found in patients who underwent revision knee arthroplasty for aseptic loosening (1 of 237 patients; 0.4%). Both high and low virulence organisms were identified in the patients who were subsequently reinfected. A minimum of 28 days of postoperative oral antibiotics appeared to decrease reinfection rates following two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. These results suggest that the use of oral antibiotic prophylaxis following re-implantation may be appropriate in all patients undergoing two-stage revision, even in the absence of any signs of active infection.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Orthopaedics"},"translated_abstract":"The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of reinfection in patients who received oral antibiotic prophylaxis with those who did not following two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. Additional purposes included: (1) comparison of these findings to the infection rate in patients who underwent revision for aseptic reasons, and (2) characterisation of the organisms responsible for reinfection following revision procedures. Twenty-eight two-stage revision knee arthroplasty procedures were followed up by a mean of 33 days of oral antibiotics (range, 28-43 days), while the remaining 38 procedures received only 24-72 hours of in-patient antibiotics. The incidence of reinfection in each group within 12 months was compared. The reinfection rates were additionally compared to those of 237 patients who underwent revision for aseptic loosening over the same time period. Patients who were treated with postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis had a considerably lower reinfection rate, with one reinfection in the prophylaxis group (4%), compared to six reinfections in the no-prophylaxis group (16%). The reinfection rates remained higher compared to those found in patients who underwent revision knee arthroplasty for aseptic loosening (1 of 237 patients; 0.4%). Both high and low virulence organisms were identified in the patients who were subsequently reinfected. A minimum of 28 days of postoperative oral antibiotics appeared to decrease reinfection rates following two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. These results suggest that the use of oral antibiotic prophylaxis following re-implantation may be appropriate in all patients undergoing two-stage revision, even in the absence of any signs of active infection.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279745/Prophylactic_oral_antibiotics_reduce_reinfection_rates_following_two_stage_revision_total_knee_arthroplasty","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:18.768-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Prophylactic_oral_antibiotics_reduce_reinfection_rates_following_two_stage_revision_total_knee_arthroplasty","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of reinfection in patients who received oral antibiotic prophylaxis with those who did not following two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. Additional purposes included: (1) comparison of these findings to the infection rate in patients who underwent revision for aseptic reasons, and (2) characterisation of the organisms responsible for reinfection following revision procedures. Twenty-eight two-stage revision knee arthroplasty procedures were followed up by a mean of 33 days of oral antibiotics (range, 28-43 days), while the remaining 38 procedures received only 24-72 hours of in-patient antibiotics. The incidence of reinfection in each group within 12 months was compared. The reinfection rates were additionally compared to those of 237 patients who underwent revision for aseptic loosening over the same time period. Patients who were treated with postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis had a considerably lower reinfection rate, with one reinfection in the prophylaxis group (4%), compared to six reinfections in the no-prophylaxis group (16%). The reinfection rates remained higher compared to those found in patients who underwent revision knee arthroplasty for aseptic loosening (1 of 237 patients; 0.4%). Both high and low virulence organisms were identified in the patients who were subsequently reinfected. A minimum of 28 days of postoperative oral antibiotics appeared to decrease reinfection rates following two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. These results suggest that the use of oral antibiotic prophylaxis following re-implantation may be appropriate in all patients undergoing two-stage revision, even in the absence of any signs of active infection.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":43934,"name":"Orthopaedics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthopaedics"},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies"},{"id":159639,"name":"Antibiotic Prophylaxis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Prophylaxis"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies"},{"id":521963,"name":"Staphylococcus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Staphylococcus"},{"id":782913,"name":"Ciprofloxacin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ciprofloxacin"},{"id":1531338,"name":"Oxazolidinones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxazolidinones"},{"id":1895878,"name":"Acetamides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acetamides"},{"id":2482067,"name":"Reoperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reoperation"},{"id":2560446,"name":"Total Knee Arthroplasty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Total_Knee_Arthroplasty"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279745-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279744"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279744/Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynamic_conditions_on_kinetics_of_carbon_particles_deposition_on_plastic_particles"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effect of physicochemical and hydrodynamic conditions on kinetics of carbon particles deposition on plastic particles" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688037/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279744/Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynamic_conditions_on_kinetics_of_carbon_particles_deposition_on_plastic_particles">Effect of physicochemical and hydrodynamic conditions on kinetics of carbon particles deposition on plastic particles</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chemical Engineering Journal</span><span>, Jan 1, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Deposition of carbon particles on plastic spheres was experimentally investigated. The effects of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Deposition of carbon particles on plastic spheres was experimentally investigated. The effects of CaCl2 concentration, soap concentration and the mixing speed on the deposition rate and the equilibrium particle concentration were studied. The effect of the above parameters on the Langmuir model constants was also determined.In the absence of CaCl2, almost no deposition takes place. However, when CaCl2 was added, the deposition becomes very fast. A large equilibrium constant was obtained when the concentration of CaCl2 equals the stoichiometric amount necessary to react with the sodium stearate soap. On the other hand, when the concentration of CaCl2 was above the stoichiometric amount, both coagulation of carbon particles and deposition took place simultaneously. When the soap concentration was above the stoichiometric amount the deposition rate is slow. Further increase in the soap concentration has similar effect on the deposition rate.The effect of mixing speed on the deposition rate was examined. Mixing speeds of 100, 300 and 500 rpm were used. Results showed that the deposition rate increases as the mixing speed increases until a certain point is reached where it starts to decrease.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="495fdde9a66f2d1943fcefed67f329c8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688037,"asset_id":2279744,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688037/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279744"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279744"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279744; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279744]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279744]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279744; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279744']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "495fdde9a66f2d1943fcefed67f329c8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279744]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279744,"title":"Effect of physicochemical and hydrodynamic conditions on kinetics of carbon particles deposition on plastic particles","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Deposition of carbon particles on plastic spheres was experimentally investigated. The effects of CaCl2 concentration, soap concentration and the mixing speed on the deposition rate and the equilibrium particle concentration were studied. The effect of the above parameters on the Langmuir model constants was also determined.In the absence of CaCl2, almost no deposition takes place. However, when CaCl2 was added, the deposition becomes very fast. A large equilibrium constant was obtained when the concentration of CaCl2 equals the stoichiometric amount necessary to react with the sodium stearate soap. On the other hand, when the concentration of CaCl2 was above the stoichiometric amount, both coagulation of carbon particles and deposition took place simultaneously. When the soap concentration was above the stoichiometric amount the deposition rate is slow. Further increase in the soap concentration has similar effect on the deposition rate.The effect of mixing speed on the deposition rate was examined. Mixing speeds of 100, 300 and 500 rpm were used. Results showed that the deposition rate increases as the mixing speed increases until a certain point is reached where it starts to decrease.","ai_title_tag":"Kinetics of Carbon Deposition on Plastic Spheres","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2001,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},"translated_abstract":"Deposition of carbon particles on plastic spheres was experimentally investigated. The effects of CaCl2 concentration, soap concentration and the mixing speed on the deposition rate and the equilibrium particle concentration were studied. The effect of the above parameters on the Langmuir model constants was also determined.In the absence of CaCl2, almost no deposition takes place. However, when CaCl2 was added, the deposition becomes very fast. A large equilibrium constant was obtained when the concentration of CaCl2 equals the stoichiometric amount necessary to react with the sodium stearate soap. On the other hand, when the concentration of CaCl2 was above the stoichiometric amount, both coagulation of carbon particles and deposition took place simultaneously. When the soap concentration was above the stoichiometric amount the deposition rate is slow. Further increase in the soap concentration has similar effect on the deposition rate.The effect of mixing speed on the deposition rate was examined. Mixing speeds of 100, 300 and 500 rpm were used. Results showed that the deposition rate increases as the mixing speed increases until a certain point is reached where it starts to decrease.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279744/Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynamic_conditions_on_kinetics_of_carbon_particles_deposition_on_plastic_particles","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:18.648-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50688037,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688037/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynam20161202-29901-oqovag.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688037/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynam.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688037/Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynam20161202-29901-oqovag-libre.pdf?1480741216=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEffect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynam.pdf\u0026Expires=1743652914\u0026Signature=E2lXAvzbUnPYqNPGqbAas2CnEMHwBQaByxw~zQhmhKw02MHz~TFChinkjebdBOBprDNGBRK~NiDiHBX6oczw8lTgKFRya190~D2f1ZExGJ4BcSXxe77Drm9ofXBUqcpoE9GWPxONleUF7dlEV81j0ExDqR8ktZbv9~Txv~shaTdsT4Ai0QfeRarHWIFjKFeT5nWiTqBl3TaK1W7QQEKErY7Xs47YRmawItglVjxYYIqYo7uURZZej~xN18E1MPjCNPmimlXr3iBA6TBlWQcp16Uwb4xz3no8DG26pcwr99Q-P9ZIMvpUHk-JMAUEUV-vQiwuMZcbMbVJhDKsIzmWHg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynamic_conditions_on_kinetics_of_carbon_particles_deposition_on_plastic_particles","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Deposition of carbon particles on plastic spheres was experimentally investigated. The effects of CaCl2 concentration, soap concentration and the mixing speed on the deposition rate and the equilibrium particle concentration were studied. The effect of the above parameters on the Langmuir model constants was also determined.In the absence of CaCl2, almost no deposition takes place. However, when CaCl2 was added, the deposition becomes very fast. A large equilibrium constant was obtained when the concentration of CaCl2 equals the stoichiometric amount necessary to react with the sodium stearate soap. On the other hand, when the concentration of CaCl2 was above the stoichiometric amount, both coagulation of carbon particles and deposition took place simultaneously. When the soap concentration was above the stoichiometric amount the deposition rate is slow. Further increase in the soap concentration has similar effect on the deposition rate.The effect of mixing speed on the deposition rate was examined. Mixing speeds of 100, 300 and 500 rpm were used. Results showed that the deposition rate increases as the mixing speed increases until a certain point is reached where it starts to decrease.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[{"id":50688037,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688037/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynam20161202-29901-oqovag.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688037/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynam.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688037/Effect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynam20161202-29901-oqovag-libre.pdf?1480741216=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEffect_of_physicochemical_and_hydrodynam.pdf\u0026Expires=1743652914\u0026Signature=E2lXAvzbUnPYqNPGqbAas2CnEMHwBQaByxw~zQhmhKw02MHz~TFChinkjebdBOBprDNGBRK~NiDiHBX6oczw8lTgKFRya190~D2f1ZExGJ4BcSXxe77Drm9ofXBUqcpoE9GWPxONleUF7dlEV81j0ExDqR8ktZbv9~Txv~shaTdsT4Ai0QfeRarHWIFjKFeT5nWiTqBl3TaK1W7QQEKErY7Xs47YRmawItglVjxYYIqYo7uURZZej~xN18E1MPjCNPmimlXr3iBA6TBlWQcp16Uwb4xz3no8DG26pcwr99Q-P9ZIMvpUHk-JMAUEUV-vQiwuMZcbMbVJhDKsIzmWHg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics"},{"id":1458665,"name":"Equilibrium Constant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equilibrium_Constant"},{"id":1698479,"name":"Particle Deposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Deposition"}],"urls":[{"id":414445,"url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894700002424"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279744-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279743"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279743/Spectrophotometric_determination_of_formaldehyde"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spectrophotometric determination of formaldehyde" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Spectrophotometric determination of formaldehyde</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Talanta</span><span>, Jan 1, 1988</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of micro amounts of formaldehyde in aqueous...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of micro amounts of formaldehyde in aqueous and methanol solutions is based on the oxidation of formaldehyde by hydrous silver oxide at pH 11–12.5 and oxidation of the metallic silver produced, with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine. The absorbance of the resulting iron(II)—Ferrozine complex at 562 nm is proportional to the amount of formaldehyde and corresponds to an apparent molar absorptivity of 5.58 × 104 1.mole−1.cm−1.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279743"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279743"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279743; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279743]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279743]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279743; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279743']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279743]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279743,"title":"Spectrophotometric determination of formaldehyde","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of micro amounts of formaldehyde in aqueous and methanol solutions is based on the oxidation of formaldehyde by hydrous silver oxide at pH 11–12.5 and oxidation of the metallic silver produced, with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine. The absorbance of the resulting iron(II)—Ferrozine complex at 562 nm is proportional to the amount of formaldehyde and corresponds to an apparent molar absorptivity of 5.58 × 104 1.mole−1.cm−1.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":1988,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Talanta"},"translated_abstract":"A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of micro amounts of formaldehyde in aqueous and methanol solutions is based on the oxidation of formaldehyde by hydrous silver oxide at pH 11–12.5 and oxidation of the metallic silver produced, with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine. The absorbance of the resulting iron(II)—Ferrozine complex at 562 nm is proportional to the amount of formaldehyde and corresponds to an apparent molar absorptivity of 5.58 × 104 1.mole−1.cm−1.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279743/Spectrophotometric_determination_of_formaldehyde","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:18.544-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Spectrophotometric_determination_of_formaldehyde","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of micro amounts of formaldehyde in aqueous and methanol solutions is based on the oxidation of formaldehyde by hydrous silver oxide at pH 11–12.5 and oxidation of the metallic silver produced, with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine. The absorbance of the resulting iron(II)—Ferrozine complex at 562 nm is proportional to the amount of formaldehyde and corresponds to an apparent molar absorptivity of 5.58 × 104 1.mole−1.cm−1.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry"},{"id":168891,"name":"Chemical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Analysis"},{"id":563382,"name":"Oxidation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidation"}],"urls":[{"id":414444,"url":"http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0039914088801504"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279743-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279742"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279742/Effectiveness_of_parallel_second_order_model_over_second_and_first_order_models"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effectiveness of parallel second order model over second and first order models" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Effectiveness of parallel second order model over second and first order models</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Desalination and Water Treatment</span><span>, Jan 1, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The chlorine decay is usually described by the first order model (FOM) due to its easiness, altho...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The chlorine decay is usually described by the first order model (FOM) due to its easiness, although its weaknesses are well known. In this work, two better models, second order model (SOM) and parallel second order model (PSOM), are compared for their accuracy to predict chlorine residuals for a single dosing scenario. Results showed that SOM model provided a better prediction compared to FOM. However, SOM had two important shortcomings. Firstly, it overly predicted residuals in the lower end of chlorine decay curve, implying false sense of security in achieving secondary disinfection goals. Secondly, when higher initial dose was practiced, chlorine residual prediction was poorer. PSOM on the other hand provided the best fit for the experimental data in the initial as well as the later part of the decay curve for any doses. Compared to SOM which had two parameters, PSOM is more complex as it uses four parameters. Comparing to the advantages, complexity of PSOM is not an issue as EPANET-MSX can be used for full scale system simulation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279742"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279742"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279742; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279742]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279742]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279742; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279742']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279742]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279742,"title":"Effectiveness of parallel second order model over second and first order models","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The chlorine decay is usually described by the first order model (FOM) due to its easiness, although its weaknesses are well known. In this work, two better models, second order model (SOM) and parallel second order model (PSOM), are compared for their accuracy to predict chlorine residuals for a single dosing scenario. Results showed that SOM model provided a better prediction compared to FOM. However, SOM had two important shortcomings. Firstly, it overly predicted residuals in the lower end of chlorine decay curve, implying false sense of security in achieving secondary disinfection goals. Secondly, when higher initial dose was practiced, chlorine residual prediction was poorer. PSOM on the other hand provided the best fit for the experimental data in the initial as well as the later part of the decay curve for any doses. Compared to SOM which had two parameters, PSOM is more complex as it uses four parameters. Comparing to the advantages, complexity of PSOM is not an issue as EPANET-MSX can be used for full scale system simulation.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Desalination and Water Treatment"},"translated_abstract":"The chlorine decay is usually described by the first order model (FOM) due to its easiness, although its weaknesses are well known. In this work, two better models, second order model (SOM) and parallel second order model (PSOM), are compared for their accuracy to predict chlorine residuals for a single dosing scenario. Results showed that SOM model provided a better prediction compared to FOM. However, SOM had two important shortcomings. Firstly, it overly predicted residuals in the lower end of chlorine decay curve, implying false sense of security in achieving secondary disinfection goals. Secondly, when higher initial dose was practiced, chlorine residual prediction was poorer. PSOM on the other hand provided the best fit for the experimental data in the initial as well as the later part of the decay curve for any doses. Compared to SOM which had two parameters, PSOM is more complex as it uses four parameters. Comparing to the advantages, complexity of PSOM is not an issue as EPANET-MSX can be used for full scale system simulation.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279742/Effectiveness_of_parallel_second_order_model_over_second_and_first_order_models","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:18.419-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Effectiveness_of_parallel_second_order_model_over_second_and_first_order_models","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The chlorine decay is usually described by the first order model (FOM) due to its easiness, although its weaknesses are well known. In this work, two better models, second order model (SOM) and parallel second order model (PSOM), are compared for their accuracy to predict chlorine residuals for a single dosing scenario. Results showed that SOM model provided a better prediction compared to FOM. However, SOM had two important shortcomings. Firstly, it overly predicted residuals in the lower end of chlorine decay curve, implying false sense of security in achieving secondary disinfection goals. Secondly, when higher initial dose was practiced, chlorine residual prediction was poorer. PSOM on the other hand provided the best fit for the experimental data in the initial as well as the later part of the decay curve for any doses. Compared to SOM which had two parameters, PSOM is more complex as it uses four parameters. Comparing to the advantages, complexity of PSOM is not an issue as EPANET-MSX can be used for full scale system simulation.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering"},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering"},{"id":39920,"name":"Parameter estimation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parameter_estimation"},{"id":181847,"name":"First-Order Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First-Order_Logic"},{"id":206145,"name":"System Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/System_Simulation"},{"id":347272,"name":"Second Order","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Order"},{"id":1120502,"name":"Experimental Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Data"}],"urls":[{"id":414443,"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2011.2685"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279742-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279741"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279741/Dynamics_of_chelation_supercritical_fluid_extraction_from_wood_fibers"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dynamics of chelation-supercritical fluid extraction from wood fibers" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279741/Dynamics_of_chelation_supercritical_fluid_extraction_from_wood_fibers">Dynamics of chelation-supercritical fluid extraction from wood fibers</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Separation Science</span><span>, Jan 1, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The dynamics of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the metal content of wood fibers chelated...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The dynamics of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the metal content of wood fibers chelated with lithium bis(trifluoroethyl) dithiocarbamate (FDDC) by supercritical (SF) CO2 was investigated experimentally by monitoring the spectra of the eluted metal complex as a function of time. The characteristic shape of the dynamic SFE curve was determined mainly by the flow conditions in the extraction vessel, the mass transfer resistance in the SF phase, and the solubility. High extraction yields of metal content were obtained in two-stage extraction including static (batch) and dynamic (semi-batch) stages. Increasing the length of the static stage increased the rate of dynamic elution of metal complex until it approached the dynamics of fluid displacement for a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). In such cases, increasing the flow rate had no effect on the dynamic extraction curve when it was plotted using dimensionless time. Efficient chelation-SFE from wood fibers was obtained at a pressure of 20.3 MPa and with a static time of 30 min.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-2279741-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-2279741-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3166166/figure-1-increase-in-absorbance-of-the-spectra-measured-in"><img alt="Figure 1. Increase in absorbance of the spectra measured in the collection vessel during the dynamic stage of chelation- SFE from wood fibers at 20.3 MPa and 40°C after a 30-min static stage followed by a dynamic stage at a flow rate of 0.16 mL/min. Time is indicated in the figure for the first 4 curves. The time interval between each curve was 10 min for the subsequent 3 curves, and 30 min for the remaining 4 curves. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688030/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3166172/figure-2-comparison-of-the-final-cumulative-spectra-for-che"><img alt="Figure 2. Comparison of the final cumulative spectra for che- lation-SFE, SFE of organic content, and SFE with LIFDDC only. All SFE experiments were run at 20.3 MPa, 40°C, 30- min static stage and 0.16mL/min flow rate during the dynamic stage. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688030/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3166179/figure-4-effect-of-flow-rate-on-the-dynamic-extraction"><img alt="Figure 4. Effect of flow rate on the dynamic extraction curves for chelation-SFE experiment at 20.3 MPa and 40°C with a static stage of 30 min. Also shown is the dimensionless plot using same symbols (open circles for data with a flow rate of 0.16 mL/min and closed squares for data with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688030/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3166186/figure-5-comparison-of-dynamic-extraction-curve-for-chela"><img alt="Figure 5. Comparison of dynamic extraction curve for chela- tion-SFE (wavelength = 400 nm) with that for SFE of organic content (wavelength = 350 nm) for experiments under the same conditions of 20.3 MPa and 40°C with a static stage lasting 30 min. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688030/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3166194/figure-3-effect-of-length-of-static-stage-on-the-dynamic"><img alt="Figure 3. Effect of length of static stage on the dynamic extraction curves for chelation-SFE experiments at 20.3 MPa and 40°C with a flow rate of 0.16 mL/min for the dynamic stage. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688030/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-2279741-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fd7ea0eeed151bf0792000e64f790cfb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688030,"asset_id":2279741,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688030/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279741"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279741"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279741; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279741]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279741]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279741; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279741']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fd7ea0eeed151bf0792000e64f790cfb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279741]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279741,"title":"Dynamics of chelation-supercritical fluid extraction from wood fibers","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The dynamics of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the metal content of wood fibers chelated with lithium bis(trifluoroethyl) dithiocarbamate (FDDC) by supercritical (SF) CO2 was investigated experimentally by monitoring the spectra of the eluted metal complex as a function of time. The characteristic shape of the dynamic SFE curve was determined mainly by the flow conditions in the extraction vessel, the mass transfer resistance in the SF phase, and the solubility. High extraction yields of metal content were obtained in two-stage extraction including static (batch) and dynamic (semi-batch) stages. Increasing the length of the static stage increased the rate of dynamic elution of metal complex until it approached the dynamics of fluid displacement for a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). In such cases, increasing the flow rate had no effect on the dynamic extraction curve when it was plotted using dimensionless time. Efficient chelation-SFE from wood fibers was obtained at a pressure of 20.3 MPa and with a static time of 30 min.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2004,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Separation Science"},"translated_abstract":"The dynamics of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the metal content of wood fibers chelated with lithium bis(trifluoroethyl) dithiocarbamate (FDDC) by supercritical (SF) CO2 was investigated experimentally by monitoring the spectra of the eluted metal complex as a function of time. The characteristic shape of the dynamic SFE curve was determined mainly by the flow conditions in the extraction vessel, the mass transfer resistance in the SF phase, and the solubility. High extraction yields of metal content were obtained in two-stage extraction including static (batch) and dynamic (semi-batch) stages. Increasing the length of the static stage increased the rate of dynamic elution of metal complex until it approached the dynamics of fluid displacement for a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). In such cases, increasing the flow rate had no effect on the dynamic extraction curve when it was plotted using dimensionless time. Efficient chelation-SFE from wood fibers was obtained at a pressure of 20.3 MPa and with a static time of 30 min.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279741/Dynamics_of_chelation_supercritical_fluid_extraction_from_wood_fibers","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:18.270-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50688030,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"Dynamics_of_chelation-supercritical_flui20161202-29891-1v2y0vt.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688030/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Dynamics_of_chelation_supercritical_flui.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688030/Dynamics_of_chelation-supercritical_flui20161202-29891-1v2y0vt-libre.pdf?1480741221=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDynamics_of_chelation_supercritical_flui.pdf\u0026Expires=1743615425\u0026Signature=a8Q8WnqbaoL69ov0FGjP41nAr2bngga-8k4c~QtPczW9lFqhSZwupypzgsfW~GEn4X4effbp~9V~O6pOdCC-xROKheqjUiNu69j9oZ5W7mdqclbrUiLyCsMI9vnYAINxp7xpHjO7p23tfdgdW-FStdiMw0kAIqQdBwX3GzSbPmLP~uoibjk3bQyxOmulL-j0zJ9fAhIBcW4Xan6a53kz7FktN2PrhZzxa7RCKweCAI5LtOFzbxChY-QPW5O4gLuynBnaPz2BT1UC2bOJnsg9RUvcxGV5vd4Q9icDrjc~DsSRA2mjy6gXHFRAkbaM8rgiJLbd~0IXrBSl5Bajq-GOEw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Dynamics_of_chelation_supercritical_fluid_extraction_from_wood_fibers","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The dynamics of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the metal content of wood fibers chelated with lithium bis(trifluoroethyl) dithiocarbamate (FDDC) by supercritical (SF) CO2 was investigated experimentally by monitoring the spectra of the eluted metal complex as a function of time. The characteristic shape of the dynamic SFE curve was determined mainly by the flow conditions in the extraction vessel, the mass transfer resistance in the SF phase, and the solubility. High extraction yields of metal content were obtained in two-stage extraction including static (batch) and dynamic (semi-batch) stages. Increasing the length of the static stage increased the rate of dynamic elution of metal complex until it approached the dynamics of fluid displacement for a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). In such cases, increasing the flow rate had no effect on the dynamic extraction curve when it was plotted using dimensionless time. Efficient chelation-SFE from wood fibers was obtained at a pressure of 20.3 MPa and with a static time of 30 min.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[{"id":50688030,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"Dynamics_of_chelation-supercritical_flui20161202-29891-1v2y0vt.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688030/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Dynamics_of_chelation_supercritical_flui.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688030/Dynamics_of_chelation-supercritical_flui20161202-29891-1v2y0vt-libre.pdf?1480741221=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDynamics_of_chelation_supercritical_flui.pdf\u0026Expires=1743615425\u0026Signature=a8Q8WnqbaoL69ov0FGjP41nAr2bngga-8k4c~QtPczW9lFqhSZwupypzgsfW~GEn4X4effbp~9V~O6pOdCC-xROKheqjUiNu69j9oZ5W7mdqclbrUiLyCsMI9vnYAINxp7xpHjO7p23tfdgdW-FStdiMw0kAIqQdBwX3GzSbPmLP~uoibjk3bQyxOmulL-j0zJ9fAhIBcW4Xan6a53kz7FktN2PrhZzxa7RCKweCAI5LtOFzbxChY-QPW5O4gLuynBnaPz2BT1UC2bOJnsg9RUvcxGV5vd4Q9icDrjc~DsSRA2mjy6gXHFRAkbaM8rgiJLbd~0IXrBSl5Bajq-GOEw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry"},{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide"},{"id":32910,"name":"Sample Preparation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sample_Preparation"},{"id":67215,"name":"Separation Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Separation_Science"},{"id":71578,"name":"Wood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wood"},{"id":80025,"name":"EDTA Chelation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EDTA_Chelation"},{"id":255058,"name":"Metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metals"},{"id":510153,"name":"Supercritical Fluid Extraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supercritical_Fluid_Extraction"},{"id":773459,"name":"Supercritical Fluid Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supercritical_Fluid_Chromatography"}],"urls":[{"id":414442,"url":"http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jssc.200401751"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279741-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279740"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279740/Enzymuria_determination_in_children_treated_with_aminoglycosides_drugs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Enzymuria determination in children treated with aminoglycosides drugs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Enzymuria determination in children treated with aminoglycosides drugs</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Human & Experimental Toxicology</span><span>, Jan 1, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Although aminoglycosides antibiotics are used in children and adult commonly, they have serious s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Although aminoglycosides antibiotics are used in children and adult commonly, they have serious side effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. In clinical practice, for renal function, the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen routinely are measured. Since these parameters have limitations such as unreliability, insensitivity, and nonspecificity, the rapid assessment of renal function based on these patients is very important. Increase in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), a hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme, suggests proximal tubular cell damage. In this study, 32 children aged 2 months through 2 years, treated with gentamicin and amikacin for suspected infections at the pediatric ward of Alborz hospital from September 2006 to February 2007, were enrolled. Serum and fresh urine before and after drug infusion were obtained on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days of antibiotic treatment. Serum urea and creatinine with urinary creatinine, albumin, NAG, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity were then determined. A statistically significant increase in urinary NAG, LDH, and AP on 5th day was found compared with before gentamicin administration (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05, respectively). The urinary NAG activity may be a useful indicator of renal injury in children treated with aminoglycosides drugs compared with other routine clinical indicators.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279740"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279740"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279740; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279740]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279740]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279740; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279740']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279740]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279740,"title":"Enzymuria determination in children treated with aminoglycosides drugs","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Although aminoglycosides antibiotics are used in children and adult commonly, they have serious side effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. In clinical practice, for renal function, the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen routinely are measured. Since these parameters have limitations such as unreliability, insensitivity, and nonspecificity, the rapid assessment of renal function based on these patients is very important. Increase in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), a hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme, suggests proximal tubular cell damage. In this study, 32 children aged 2 months through 2 years, treated with gentamicin and amikacin for suspected infections at the pediatric ward of Alborz hospital from September 2006 to February 2007, were enrolled. Serum and fresh urine before and after drug infusion were obtained on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days of antibiotic treatment. Serum urea and creatinine with urinary creatinine, albumin, NAG, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity were then determined. A statistically significant increase in urinary NAG, LDH, and AP on 5th day was found compared with before gentamicin administration (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001, P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01, P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05, respectively). The urinary NAG activity may be a useful indicator of renal injury in children treated with aminoglycosides drugs compared with other routine clinical indicators.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Human \u0026 Experimental Toxicology"},"translated_abstract":"Although aminoglycosides antibiotics are used in children and adult commonly, they have serious side effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. In clinical practice, for renal function, the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen routinely are measured. Since these parameters have limitations such as unreliability, insensitivity, and nonspecificity, the rapid assessment of renal function based on these patients is very important. Increase in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), a hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme, suggests proximal tubular cell damage. In this study, 32 children aged 2 months through 2 years, treated with gentamicin and amikacin for suspected infections at the pediatric ward of Alborz hospital from September 2006 to February 2007, were enrolled. Serum and fresh urine before and after drug infusion were obtained on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days of antibiotic treatment. Serum urea and creatinine with urinary creatinine, albumin, NAG, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity were then determined. A statistically significant increase in urinary NAG, LDH, and AP on 5th day was found compared with before gentamicin administration (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001, P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01, P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05, respectively). The urinary NAG activity may be a useful indicator of renal injury in children treated with aminoglycosides drugs compared with other routine clinical indicators.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279740/Enzymuria_determination_in_children_treated_with_aminoglycosides_drugs","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:18.146-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Enzymuria_determination_in_children_treated_with_aminoglycosides_drugs","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Although aminoglycosides antibiotics are used in children and adult commonly, they have serious side effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. In clinical practice, for renal function, the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen routinely are measured. Since these parameters have limitations such as unreliability, insensitivity, and nonspecificity, the rapid assessment of renal function based on these patients is very important. Increase in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), a hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme, suggests proximal tubular cell damage. In this study, 32 children aged 2 months through 2 years, treated with gentamicin and amikacin for suspected infections at the pediatric ward of Alborz hospital from September 2006 to February 2007, were enrolled. Serum and fresh urine before and after drug infusion were obtained on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days of antibiotic treatment. Serum urea and creatinine with urinary creatinine, albumin, NAG, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity were then determined. A statistically significant increase in urinary NAG, LDH, and AP on 5th day was found compared with before gentamicin administration (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001, P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01, P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05, respectively). The urinary NAG activity may be a useful indicator of renal injury in children treated with aminoglycosides drugs compared with other routine clinical indicators.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":8999,"name":"Kidney diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney_diseases"},{"id":41720,"name":"Human","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human"},{"id":52836,"name":"Clinical Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Practice"},{"id":125564,"name":"Statistical Significance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Significance"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":146242,"name":"Urea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urea"},{"id":204435,"name":"Alkaline phosphatase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alkaline_phosphatase"},{"id":227310,"name":"Blood Urea Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Urea_Nitrogen"},{"id":227311,"name":"Serum Creatinine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serum_Creatinine"},{"id":227354,"name":"Renal Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renal_Function"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors"},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers"},{"id":698785,"name":"Side Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Side_Effect"},{"id":752559,"name":"Albuminuria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Albuminuria"},{"id":836013,"name":"Lactate dehydrogenase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactate_dehydrogenase"},{"id":1178762,"name":"Rapid Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rapid_Assessment"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests"},{"id":1438730,"name":"Creatinine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creatinine"},{"id":2467505,"name":"Gentamicins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gentamicins"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool"}],"urls":[{"id":414441,"url":"http://het.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0960327108100417"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279740-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279739"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279739/Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_wood_pulp_fibers_using_supercritical_carbon_dioxide"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Extraction of transition metals from wood pulp fibers using supercritical carbon dioxide" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688027/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279739/Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_wood_pulp_fibers_using_supercritical_carbon_dioxide">Extraction of transition metals from wood pulp fibers using supercritical carbon dioxide</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chemical Engineering Communications</span><span>, Jan 1, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7e1b39a4a4134642b4e49b67a8bff9d0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688027,"asset_id":2279739,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688027/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279739"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279739"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279739; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7e1b39a4a4134642b4e49b67a8bff9d0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279739]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279739,"title":"Extraction of transition metals from wood pulp fibers using supercritical carbon dioxide","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_abstract":"Supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) extraction was studied for its efficacy in removing transition metals from wood pulp fibers, specifically focusing on manganese and iron. A lipophilic chelating agent, lithium bis(trifluoroethyl) dithiocarbamate (FDDC), was employed to facilitate the extraction process. Results indicated that while manganese could be effectively removed (up to 91% recovery), iron remained firmly bound to the pulp structure. The study demonstrates the potential of complexation-supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as a method for enhancing the bleaching process in the pulp and paper industry, while also mitigating the environmental impact of hazardous waste.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2002,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Chemical Engineering Communications"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279739/Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_wood_pulp_fibers_using_supercritical_carbon_dioxide","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:18.027-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50688027,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688027/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_woo20161202-29891-jl2taw.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688027/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_woo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688027/Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_woo20161202-29891-jl2taw-libre.pdf?1480741222=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExtraction_of_transition_metals_from_woo.pdf\u0026Expires=1743615425\u0026Signature=AW4Z80xEszUShakZ3ecKz-kt37UeliaaaCf5p7RI12gB2ftIbVL6oOWKwaWXDbidFnZwo0X0uS6d9zCwhYFBPzDakKx6oxbZWVkHwSWmEzgiP~UbOZmMsnziZI892KVeAU2waXsq1xzcgh4hDiRVuKO9~AqScwquRl1BamPlqVhxGjvtkYIqgkeKtvWii4j1kSvX7CSyrJXgMcaZANtug75dboSQeMHzr5LDFMCy2MoofQLWqCQaCUalvVWxNPKbuwXACwHCoj1XFh~SLyFZaxcClJnbdN1JECaVvnhLodXBhcb9EHEVOE11IFMOsDmyt1NK-JGdLAs7SX3-Oy9WUw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_wood_pulp_fibers_using_supercritical_carbon_dioxide","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[{"id":50688027,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688027/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_woo20161202-29891-jl2taw.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688027/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_woo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688027/Extraction_of_transition_metals_from_woo20161202-29891-jl2taw-libre.pdf?1480741222=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExtraction_of_transition_metals_from_woo.pdf\u0026Expires=1743615425\u0026Signature=AW4Z80xEszUShakZ3ecKz-kt37UeliaaaCf5p7RI12gB2ftIbVL6oOWKwaWXDbidFnZwo0X0uS6d9zCwhYFBPzDakKx6oxbZWVkHwSWmEzgiP~UbOZmMsnziZI892KVeAU2waXsq1xzcgh4hDiRVuKO9~AqScwquRl1BamPlqVhxGjvtkYIqgkeKtvWii4j1kSvX7CSyrJXgMcaZANtug75dboSQeMHzr5LDFMCy2MoofQLWqCQaCUalvVWxNPKbuwXACwHCoj1XFh~SLyFZaxcClJnbdN1JECaVvnhLodXBhcb9EHEVOE11IFMOsDmyt1NK-JGdLAs7SX3-Oy9WUw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":1294768,"name":"Chemical Engineering Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering_Communications"}],"urls":[{"id":414440,"url":"http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article\u0026doi=10.1080/00986440211741\u0026magic=crossref%7C%7CD404A21C5BB053405B1A640AFFD44AE3"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279739-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279738"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279738/Kinetics_of_deposition_of_carbon_particles_on_plastic_spheres"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Kinetics of deposition of carbon particles on plastic spheres" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688032/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279738/Kinetics_of_deposition_of_carbon_particles_on_plastic_spheres">Kinetics of deposition of carbon particles on plastic spheres</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Separation Science and Technology</span><span>, Jan 1, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="95f14baf08c46fb6e76d8a9add897088" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688032,"asset_id":2279738,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688032/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279738"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279738"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279738; 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It builds on previous work that primarily focused on equilibrium surface coverage by emphasizing the full deposition period and presenting a parametric study of Langmuir kinetics effects on deposition curves. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279738-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279737"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279737/Applying_the_Multiple_Linear_Regressions_and_Taguchi_Design_Method_for_Controlled_Fabrication_of_Carbon_Nanotubes_in_Solution"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Applying the Multiple Linear Regressions and Taguchi Design Method for Controlled Fabrication of Carbon Nanotubes in Solution" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Applying the Multiple Linear Regressions and Taguchi Design Method for Controlled Fabrication of Carbon Nanotubes in Solution</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures</span><span>, Jan 1, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... View all references) determination of optimal run; and (77. Jahanshahi, M., Raoof, J., Hajiza...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... View all references) determination of optimal run; and (77. Jahanshahi, M., Raoof, J., Hajizadeh, S. and Jabari Seresht, R. Synthesis of ... ideal product will only respond to the operator&amp;amp;#x27;s signals and will be unaffected by random noise factors (eg, weather, temperature, humidity). ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279737"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279737"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279737; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279737]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279737]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279737; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279737']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279737]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279737,"title":"Applying the Multiple Linear Regressions and Taguchi Design Method for Controlled Fabrication of Carbon Nanotubes in Solution","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"... View all references) determination of optimal run; and (77. Jahanshahi, M., Raoof, J., Hajizadeh, S. and Jabari Seresht, R. Synthesis of ... ideal product will only respond to the operator\u0026amp;amp;#x27;s signals and will be unaffected by random noise factors (eg, weather, temperature, humidity). ...","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures"},"translated_abstract":"... View all references) determination of optimal run; and (77. Jahanshahi, M., Raoof, J., Hajizadeh, S. and Jabari Seresht, R. Synthesis of ... ideal product will only respond to the operator\u0026amp;amp;#x27;s signals and will be unaffected by random noise factors (eg, weather, temperature, humidity). ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279737/Applying_the_Multiple_Linear_Regressions_and_Taguchi_Design_Method_for_Controlled_Fabrication_of_Carbon_Nanotubes_in_Solution","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:17.817-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Applying_the_Multiple_Linear_Regressions_and_Taguchi_Design_Method_for_Controlled_Fabrication_of_Carbon_Nanotubes_in_Solution","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"... View all references) determination of optimal run; and (77. Jahanshahi, M., Raoof, J., Hajizadeh, S. and Jabari Seresht, R. Synthesis of ... ideal product will only respond to the operator\u0026amp;amp;#x27;s signals and will be unaffected by random noise factors (eg, weather, temperature, humidity). ...","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy"},{"id":10909,"name":"Carbon Nanotubes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Nanotubes"},{"id":12842,"name":"Carbon Nanotube","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Nanotube"},{"id":14076,"name":"Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy"},{"id":17733,"name":"Nanotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotechnology"},{"id":56503,"name":"Linear Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_Model"},{"id":80596,"name":"Design method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_method"},{"id":189984,"name":"Electronic properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_properties"},{"id":199316,"name":"Multiple Linear Regression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_Linear_Regression"},{"id":209305,"name":"Design of experiment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_of_experiment"},{"id":231362,"name":"Taguchi method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taguchi_method"},{"id":344905,"name":"Taguchi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taguchi"}],"urls":[{"id":414438,"url":"http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article\u0026doi=10.1080/15363830903586492\u0026magic=crossref%7C%7CD404A21C5BB053405B1A640AFFD44AE3"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279737-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279736"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279736/Chemical_reduction_and_spectrophotometric_determination_of_silver_copper_and_nickel"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chemical reduction and spectrophotometric determination of silver, copper and nickel" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688029/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279736/Chemical_reduction_and_spectrophotometric_determination_of_silver_copper_and_nickel">Chemical reduction and spectrophotometric determination of silver, copper and nickel</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Talanta</span><span>, Jan 1, 1987</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Silver(I), copper(II) and nickel(II) can be reduced to the metallic state by formaldehyde at pH 1...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Silver(I), copper(II) and nickel(II) can be reduced to the metallic state by formaldehyde at pH 11, chromium(II) in 2.5M sulphuric acid, and borohydride at pH 5.5–6.0, respectively. Reoxidation of these metals with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine enables their determination at concentration below 1 μg/ml by measurement of the absorbance of the iron(II)—Ferrozine complex at 562 nm, with a precision better than 3%. The apparent molar absorptivities for silver, copper and nickel are 2.78 × 104, 5.56 × 104 and 5.58 × 104 l.mole−1.cm−1, respectively. The average thickness of silver films on glass surfaces can be determined in the way.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-2279736-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-2279736-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/4611935/figure-1-copper-and-silver-can-both-be-reduced-at-concen"><img alt="Copper and silver can both be reduced at concen- trations as low as 4 x 107° M, but control of the pH is then fairly critical, and the reaction time has to be extended to 20 min, so preconcentration of such dilute solutions is preferable. The individual elements in pure solution can be determined with a relative precision of 3% or better. The precision and accuracy depend to a great extent on the absence of inter- ferences. Nitrate and nitrite are to some extent re- duced to a lower oxidation state by chromous ion and yield high absorbance values and halides stabilize the copper(I) state and yield low values for copper. Reduction of silver by formaldehyde is specific, and nitrate or sulphate do not interfere. However, when the copper to silver ratio is greater than 5, the results for silver are consistently higher by approximately 5% and the deviation increases with increase in the reduction time used. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688029/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/4611938/table-3-analysis-of-mg-samples-of-silver-copper-and-german"><img alt="Table 3. Analysis of mg samples of silver-copper and German silver alloys Nickel in German-silver is separated from copper by passing the sample through a cation-exchange resin followed by elution with 9M hydrochloric acid onto an anion-exchange resin.*! For the reduction it is essential to evaporate the acid and adjust the pH to 5—6. At pH > 6 the reduction of nickel is slow and at pH <5 the decomposition of borohydride is fast, and consequently some of the nickel escapes reduc- tion, giving values that are low. It has been reported that borohydride produces nickel boride**** but our tests, after heating the solutions, indicate that this side-reaction has a minimal effect on the deter- mination of nickel. Borohydride decomposition at " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688029/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/4611943/table-1-average-and-standard-deviation-of-four"><img alt="*Average and standard deviation of four determinations. Table 1. Determination of silver, copper and nickel individually for the reaction. The rate of reoxidation of metals with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine depends on the particle size of the metals formed and on the pH, and the reaction is " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688029/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/4611949/table-2-analysis-of-simulated-samples-of-silver-copper-and"><img alt="Table 2. Analysis of simulated samples of silver-copper and German silver alloys " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688029/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/4611953/table-4-thickness-of-silver-mirrors-area-cm-used-for"><img alt="Table 4. Thickness of silver mirrors (area 15.30 cm?) used for formaldehyde determination.” Form- aldehyde at pH 11 is quite specific for silver reduc- tion and does not reduce copper(II), nickel(II) or iron(II). However, copper(II) can be reduced at pH above 12 on heating for 20 min at about 90°. Also, noble metals such as gold and platinum are partially reduced by formaldehyde and interfere. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688029/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/4611959/table-5-type-of-reducing-agents-used"><img alt="Table 5. Type of reducing agents used " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688029/table_005.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-2279736-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e690a38de25598ec629c76487df7e4a0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688029,"asset_id":2279736,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688029/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279736"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279736"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279736; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279736]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279736]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279736; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279736']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e690a38de25598ec629c76487df7e4a0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279736]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279736,"title":"Chemical reduction and spectrophotometric determination of silver, copper and nickel","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Silver(I), copper(II) and nickel(II) can be reduced to the metallic state by formaldehyde at pH 11, chromium(II) in 2.5M sulphuric acid, and borohydride at pH 5.5–6.0, respectively. Reoxidation of these metals with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine enables their determination at concentration below 1 μg/ml by measurement of the absorbance of the iron(II)—Ferrozine complex at 562 nm, with a precision better than 3%. The apparent molar absorptivities for silver, copper and nickel are 2.78 × 104, 5.56 × 104 and 5.58 × 104 l.mole−1.cm−1, respectively. The average thickness of silver films on glass surfaces can be determined in the way.","ai_title_tag":"Determining Silver, Copper, and Nickel via Spectrophotometry","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":1,"year":1987,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Talanta"},"translated_abstract":"Silver(I), copper(II) and nickel(II) can be reduced to the metallic state by formaldehyde at pH 11, chromium(II) in 2.5M sulphuric acid, and borohydride at pH 5.5–6.0, respectively. Reoxidation of these metals with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine enables their determination at concentration below 1 μg/ml by measurement of the absorbance of the iron(II)—Ferrozine complex at 562 nm, with a precision better than 3%. The apparent molar absorptivities for silver, copper and nickel are 2.78 × 104, 5.56 × 104 and 5.58 × 104 l.mole−1.cm−1, respectively. The average thickness of silver films on glass surfaces can be determined in the way.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2279736/Chemical_reduction_and_spectrophotometric_determination_of_silver_copper_and_nickel","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-11T19:02:17.700-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2877767,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50688029,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688029/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"0039-9140_2887_2980165-020161202-29901-1c4i6uv.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688029/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Chemical_reduction_and_spectrophotometri.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688029/0039-9140_2887_2980165-020161202-29901-1c4i6uv-libre.pdf?1480741223=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChemical_reduction_and_spectrophotometri.pdf\u0026Expires=1743652915\u0026Signature=N3jxbI2Ha1oS9vORjBWBIAFTk2SP3t5t-BYtuc9nXflOTXpHr2kKjLsojRpLjomaI7muA8Np~axHoC9z5XTbHjmZnw5Nrcb7ECFnFX~g1RpjH4zcXioMVAr8qyXuULoqHRaZ1~Uq7g4qkR7GoyndjI8roTphj~9UCJAzPmQ5MUrHY4I4x4LM5A~-suejXOSWH7wJlSAmEOLPmg2AzZNPCpP~eDJEL0YyDDSh8Wb8BlPuba7cL2U2Qjnk8g8wR76sZSmA8iNl0HrQxoEJMBrPq40GN3jhUXxN0rNSxVydiShZQFCLQOZipe4JHfkWwnKrHLtlNIJ5B9DqG9ft~P-Tow__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Chemical_reduction_and_spectrophotometric_determination_of_silver_copper_and_nickel","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Silver(I), copper(II) and nickel(II) can be reduced to the metallic state by formaldehyde at pH 11, chromium(II) in 2.5M sulphuric acid, and borohydride at pH 5.5–6.0, respectively. Reoxidation of these metals with iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine enables their determination at concentration below 1 μg/ml by measurement of the absorbance of the iron(II)—Ferrozine complex at 562 nm, with a precision better than 3%. The apparent molar absorptivities for silver, copper and nickel are 2.78 × 104, 5.56 × 104 and 5.58 × 104 l.mole−1.cm−1, respectively. The average thickness of silver films on glass surfaces can be determined in the way.","owner":{"id":2877767,"first_name":"a","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"jabari","page_name":"ajabari","domain_name":"uokirkuk","created_at":"2012-12-11T18:02:49.206-08:00","display_name":"a jabari","url":"https://uokirkuk.academia.edu/ajabari"},"attachments":[{"id":50688029,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688029/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"0039-9140_2887_2980165-020161202-29901-1c4i6uv.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688029/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Chemical_reduction_and_spectrophotometri.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50688029/0039-9140_2887_2980165-020161202-29901-1c4i6uv-libre.pdf?1480741223=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChemical_reduction_and_spectrophotometri.pdf\u0026Expires=1743652915\u0026Signature=N3jxbI2Ha1oS9vORjBWBIAFTk2SP3t5t-BYtuc9nXflOTXpHr2kKjLsojRpLjomaI7muA8Np~axHoC9z5XTbHjmZnw5Nrcb7ECFnFX~g1RpjH4zcXioMVAr8qyXuULoqHRaZ1~Uq7g4qkR7GoyndjI8roTphj~9UCJAzPmQ5MUrHY4I4x4LM5A~-suejXOSWH7wJlSAmEOLPmg2AzZNPCpP~eDJEL0YyDDSh8Wb8BlPuba7cL2U2Qjnk8g8wR76sZSmA8iNl0HrQxoEJMBrPq40GN3jhUXxN0rNSxVydiShZQFCLQOZipe4JHfkWwnKrHLtlNIJ5B9DqG9ft~P-Tow__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry"}],"urls":[{"id":414437,"url":"http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0039914087801650"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279736-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279735"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279735/Kinetic_models_of_supercritical_fluid_extraction"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Kinetic models of supercritical fluid extraction" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50688035/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279735/Kinetic_models_of_supercritical_fluid_extraction">Kinetic models of supercritical fluid extraction</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Separation Science</span><span>, Jan 1, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-2279735-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-2279735-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/36612350/figure-1-sfe-curves-for-static-stage-with-mass-transfer"><img alt="Figure 1. SFE curves for a static stage with mass transfer control and linear equilibrium isotherm with K, = 0.5. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688035/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/36612365/figure-2-dynamic-sfe-curves-for-analytical-tests-with-mass"><img alt="Figure 2. Dynamic SFE curves for analytical tests with mass transfer control and linear equilibrium isotherm and with K, = 1.0. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688035/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/36612377/figure-3-dynamic-sfe-curves-obtained-from-equilibrium-model"><img alt="Figure 3. Dynamic SFE curves obtained from equilibrium model, mass transfer model, and Langmuir kinetics without an initial static stage and all at the same K.=0.5. Also shown is the SFE curve from the fluid displacement model. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50688035/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/36612391/table-1-types-of-sfe-models-with-sample-references"><img alt="Table 1. Types of SFE models with sample references. centration in the SF is considered to be constant or zero in some cases [34]. In such a case, the mass fraction of solute in the solid phase is considered to be dependent on time and internal position in the solid phase and the non- steady state diffusion equation (example: Eq. (5)) is solved for the transfer of the solute across the solid phase. Models of this type usually express results as percentage extraction (or average percentage remaining in solid) asa function of time. with reversible adsorption or particle deposition models. The following section provides some examples. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2279735-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2279734"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2279734/Voltage_effects_on_the_production_of_nanocarbons_by_a_unique_arc_discharge_set_up_in_solution"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Voltage effects on the production of nanocarbons by a unique arc-discharge set-up in solution" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Voltage effects on the production of nanocarbons by a unique arc-discharge set-up in solution</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Experimental Nanoscience</span><span>, Jan 1, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Well graphitised nanocarbons including onion-like fullerenes and single- and multi-walled carbon ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Well graphitised nanocarbons including onion-like fullerenes and single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesised in high yield by automatic arc-discharge method in solution. This technique is considered a low-cost method since it does not require any expensive equipment. Herein, an arc discharge full automatic set-up was used for fabrication of CNTs which enables controlling of the gap between the</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279734"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279734"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279734; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279734]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279734]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279734; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279734']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279734]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279734,"title":"Voltage effects on the production of nanocarbons by a unique arc-discharge set-up in solution","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Well graphitised nanocarbons including onion-like fullerenes and single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesised in high yield by automatic arc-discharge method in solution. 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Public reporting burden for this colle...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. carbon nanotubes, polyaniline nanofibers or Si nanowires were irradiated using a photographic flash. [1-3]. In these studies, the high surface to volume ratio of the nanomaterials being flashed, coupled with the inability of the small structures to efficiently dissipate the absorbed energy, led to a rapid increase in temperature and subsequent ignition/welding of the materials. Although heating materials through the use of light energy is not a new phenomenon, achieving such a rapid and dramatic temperature change using only millisecond pulses of light demonstrates a tangible and technologically significant capability, unique to nanoscale materials.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7cad41a225dc2c2ce4c381805b037641" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50688031,"asset_id":2279733,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50688031/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2279733"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2279733"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279733; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279733]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2279733]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2279733; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2279733']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7cad41a225dc2c2ce4c381805b037641" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2279733]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2279733,"title":"Photothermal Deoxygenation of Graphene Oxide for Patterning and Distributed Ignition Applications","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 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PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. carbon nanotubes, polyaniline nanofibers or Si nanowires were irradiated using a photographic flash. [1-3]. In these studies, the high surface to volume ratio of the nanomaterials being flashed, coupled with the inability of the small structures to efficiently dissipate the absorbed energy, led to a rapid increase in temperature and subsequent ignition/welding of the materials. 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