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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Reference works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Book_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Book_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Book series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Book_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span 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Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AC_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1)" title="روتليدج (دار نشر) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روتليدج (دار نشر)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge_(Verlag)" title="Routledge (Verlag) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Routledge (Verlag)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%AC" title="روتلج – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روتلج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%ED%8B%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80" title="라우틀리지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라우틀리지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%92%27" title="ראוטלג' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראוטלג'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge_(uitgeverij)" title="Routledge (uitgeverij) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Routledge (uitgeverij)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8" title="ラウトレッジ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラウトレッジ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9C" title="ਰੌਟਲੈੱਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੌਟਲੈੱਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="روٹلیج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روٹلیج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%87" title="勞特利奇 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="勞特利奇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1508259#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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Publications</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British multinational academic publisher</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For people named Routledge, see <a href="/wiki/Routledge_(surname)" title="Routledge (surname)">Routledge (surname)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Routledge</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Routledge_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Routledge_logo.svg/150px-Routledge_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Routledge_logo.svg/225px-Routledge_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Routledge_logo.svg/300px-Routledge_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="176" data-file-height="171" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent company</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1851<span class="noprint">; 173 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1851</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Routledge" title="George Routledge">George Routledge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Park" title="Milton Park">Milton Park</a>, Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, England, UK</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Distribution</th><td class="infobox-data">World wide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key people</th><td class="infobox-data">Jeremy North<br />(MD Books)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication types</th><td class="infobox-data">Books and <a href="/wiki/Academic_journals" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic journals">academic journals</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nonfiction topics</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">Humanities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioral science">behavioral science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://routledge.com">routledge<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Routledge</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/aʊ/: 'ou' in 'mouth'">aʊ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">ROWT</span>-lij</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a British <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> publisher. It was founded in 1836 by <a href="/wiki/George_Routledge" title="George Routledge">George Routledge</a>, and specialises in providing <a href="/wiki/Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic">academic</a> books, <a href="/wiki/Academic_journals" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic journals">journals</a> and online resources in the fields of the <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioral science">behavioural science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social science</a>. The company publishes approximately 1,800 journals and 5,000 new books each year and their backlist encompasses over 140,000 titles.<sup id="cite_ref-aboutus_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutus-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Routledge is claimed to be the largest global academic publisher within humanities and social sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, Routledge became a subdivision and <a href="/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">imprint</a> of its former rival, <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis Group</a> (T&F), as a result of a £90-million acquisition deal from <a href="/wiki/Cinven" title="Cinven">Cinven</a>, a venture capital group which had purchased it two years previously for £25 million.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECope1998_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECope1998-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the merger of <a href="/wiki/Informa" title="Informa">Informa</a> and T&F in 2004, Routledge became a publishing unit and major imprint within the Informa "academic publishing" division.<sup id="cite_ref-Informa_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Informa-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Routledge is headquartered in the main T&F office in <a href="/wiki/Milton_Park" title="Milton Park">Milton Park</a>, Abingdon, Oxfordshire and also operates from T&F offices globally including in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The firm originated in 1836, when the London bookseller <a href="/wiki/George_Routledge" title="George Routledge">George Routledge</a> published an unsuccessful guidebook, <i>The Beauties of Gilsland</i>, with his brother-in-law W. H. (William Henry) Warne as assistant. In 1848, the pair entered the booming market for selling inexpensive imprints of works of fiction to rail travellers, in the style of the German <a href="/wiki/Tauchnitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauchnitz">Tauchnitz</a> family, which became known as the "Railway Library".<sup id="cite_ref-railwaylibrary_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railwaylibrary-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Railway_Library_history_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Railway_Library_history-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The venture was a success as railway usage grew, and it eventually led to Routledge, along with W H Warne's brother <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Warne" title="Frederick Warne">Frederick Warne</a>, to found the company, <b>George Routledge & Co.</b> in 1851.<sup id="cite_ref-UCL_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCL-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year in 1852, the company gained lucrative business through selling reprints of <i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i>, (in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the UK) which in turn enabled it to pay author <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bulwer-Lytton" title="Edward Bulwer-Lytton">Edward Bulwer-Lytton</a> £20,000 for a 10-year <a href="/wiki/Lease" title="Lease">lease</a> allowing sole rights to print all 35 of his works<sup id="cite_ref-railwaylibrary_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railwaylibrary-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutherland2009527,_553_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESutherland2009527,_553-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including 19 of his novels to be sold cheaply as part of their "Railway Library" series.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Routledge_stand_at_Senate_House_History_Day_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Routledge_stand_at_Senate_House_History_Day_2018.jpg/220px-Routledge_stand_at_Senate_House_History_Day_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Routledge_stand_at_Senate_House_History_Day_2018.jpg/330px-Routledge_stand_at_Senate_House_History_Day_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Routledge_stand_at_Senate_House_History_Day_2018.jpg/440px-Routledge_stand_at_Senate_House_History_Day_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3145" data-file-height="2966" /></a><figcaption>Routledge stand at Senate House History Day 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>The company was restyled in 1858 as <b>Routledge, Warne & Routledge</b> when George Routledge's son, Robert Warne Routledge, entered the partnership. Frederick Warne eventually left the company after the death of his brother W. H. Warne in May 1859 (died aged 37).<sup id="cite_ref-censusrecord_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusrecord-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gaining rights to some titles, he founded <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Warne_%26_Co." title="Frederick Warne & Co.">Frederick Warne & Co.</a> in 1865, which became known for its <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_Potter" title="Beatrix Potter">Beatrix Potter</a> books.<sup id="cite_ref-ketupa_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ketupa-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1865, George Routledge's son <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Routledge" title="Edmund Routledge">Edmund Routledge</a> became a partner, and the firm became <b>George Routledge & Sons</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1899, the company was running close to <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a>. Following a successful restructuring in 1902 by scientist <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Crookes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Crookes">Sir William Crookes</a>, banker <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ellis_Franklin" title="Arthur Ellis Franklin">Arthur Ellis Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Swan_Sonnenschein" title="William Swan Sonnenschein">William Swan Sonnenschein</a> as managing director, and others, however, it was able to recover and began to acquire and merge with other publishing companies including J. C. Nimmo Ltd. in 1903. In 1912, the company took over the management of <b>Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.</b>, the descendant of companies founded by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kegan_Paul" title="Charles Kegan Paul">Charles Kegan Paul</a>, Alexander Chenevix Trench, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Tr%C3%BCbner" title="Nicholas Trübner">Nicholas Trübner</a>, and George Redway.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These early 20th-century acquisitions brought with them lists of notable scholarly titles, and from 1912 onward, the company became increasingly concentrated in the academic and scholarly publishing business under the imprint "Kegan Paul Trench Trubner", as well as reference, fiction and mysticism. In 1947, George Routledge and Sons finally merged with Kegan Paul Trench Trubner (the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_umlaut" title="Germanic umlaut">umlaut</a> had been quietly dropped in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>) under the name of <b>Routledge & Kegan Paul</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranklin1986_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranklin1986-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using <a href="/wiki/C._K._Ogden" class="mw-redirect" title="C. K. Ogden">C. K. Ogden</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Karl_Mannheim" title="Karl Mannheim">Karl Mannheim</a> as advisers the company was soon particularly known for its titles in <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Social_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social sciences">social sciences</a>. </p><p>In 1985, Routledge & Kegan Paul joined with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Associated_Book_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Associated Book Publishers (page does not exist)">Associated Book Publishers</a> (ABP),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhipp199247_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhipp199247-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was later acquired by <a href="/wiki/International_Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="International Thomson">International Thomson</a> in 1987. Under Thomson's ownership, Routledge's name and operations were retained, with the additions of backlists from <a href="/wiki/Methuen_Publishing" title="Methuen Publishing">Methuen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tavistock_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Tavistock Publications">Tavistock Publications</a>, Croom Helm and <a href="/wiki/Unwin_Hyman" class="mw-redirect" title="Unwin Hyman">Unwin Hyman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1996, a <a href="/wiki/Management_buyout" title="Management buyout">management buyout</a> financed by the European <a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">private equity</a> firm <a href="/wiki/Cinven" title="Cinven">Cinven</a> saw Routledge operating as an independent company once again. In 1997, Cinven acquired journals publisher Carfax and book publisher Spon.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, Cinven and Routledge's directors accepted a deal for Routledge's acquisition by <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis Group</a> (T&F), with the Routledge name being retained as an imprint and subdivision.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarkPhillips2008xvi_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarkPhillips2008xvi-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECope1998_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECope1998-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, T&F became a division within <a href="/wiki/Informa_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Informa plc">Informa plc</a> after a merger. Routledge continues as a primary publishing unit and imprint within Informa's 'academic publishing' division, publishing academic <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social science</a> books, journals, reference works and digital products. Routledge has grown considerably as a result of <a href="/wiki/Organic_growth" title="Organic growth">organic growth</a> and acquisitions of other publishing companies and other publishers' titles by its parent company.<sup id="cite_ref-T&F_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T&F-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_&_Francis_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor_&_Francis-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-informa2015_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-informa2015-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humanities and social sciences titles acquired by T&F from other publishers are <a href="/wiki/Rebranding" title="Rebranding">rebranded</a> under the Routledge <a href="/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">imprint</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_&_Francis_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor_&_Francis-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Routledge is a signatory of the <a href="/wiki/SDG_Publishers_Compact" title="SDG Publishers Compact">SDG Publishers Compact</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-members_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-members-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has taken steps to support the achievement of the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a> (SDGs). These include achieving CarbonNeutral publication certification for their print books and journals, under the Natural Capital Partners' CarbonNeutral Protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English publisher <a href="/wiki/Fredric_Warburg" title="Fredric Warburg">Fredric Warburg</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Commissioning_editor" title="Commissioning editor">commissioning editor</a> at Routledge during the early 20th century. Novelist Nina Stibbe, author of <i><a href="/wiki/Love,_Nina" title="Love, Nina">Love, Nina</a></i>, worked at the company as a commissioning editor in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cultural_studies" title="Cultural studies">Cultural studies</a> editor <a href="/wiki/William_Germano" title="William Germano">William Germano</a> served as vice-president and publishing director for two decades before becoming dean of the humanities at <a href="/wiki/Cooper_Union" title="Cooper Union">Cooper Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Authors">Authors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Authors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Routledge has published works from <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Adorno</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm">Bohm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Derrida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Freud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Jung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Levi-Strauss" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Levi-Strauss">Levi-Strauss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_McLuhan" title="Marshall McLuhan">McLuhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski">Malinowski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johan_Rockstr%C3%B6m" title="Johan Rockström">Johan Rockström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Wittgenstein</a>. The republished works of some of these authors have appeared as part of the Routledge Classics<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Routledge Great Minds series. Competitors to the series are <a href="/wiki/Verso_Books" title="Verso Books">Verso Books</a>' <a href="/wiki/List_of_Radical_Thinkers_releases" title="List of Radical Thinkers releases">Radical Thinkers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Classics" title="Penguin Classics">Penguin Classics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oxford_World%27s_Classics" title="Oxford World's Classics">Oxford World's Classics</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also the categories <a href="/wiki/Category:Routledge_books" title="Category:Routledge books">Routledge books</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Routledge_academic_journals" title="Category:Routledge academic journals">Routledge academic journals</a></div> <p>Routledge has been criticised for a pricing structure which "will limit readership to the privileged few", as opposed to options for <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> offered by <a href="/wiki/DOAJ" class="mw-redirect" title="DOAJ">DOAJ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unpaywall" class="mw-redirect" title="Unpaywall">Unpaywall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/DOAB" class="mw-redirect" title="DOAB">DOAB</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference_works">Reference works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reference works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taylor and Francis closed down the Routledge print encyclopaedia division in 2006. Some of its publications were: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Routledge_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Craig_(philosopher)" title="Edward Craig (philosopher)">Edward Craig</a> (1998), in 10 volumes, but now online.<sup id="cite_ref-rep.routledge.com_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rep.routledge.com-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Ethics" title="Encyclopedia of Ethics">Encyclopedia of Ethics</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_C._Becker" title="Lawrence C. Becker">Lawrence C. Becker</a> and Charlotte B. Becker (2002), in three volumes.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Reference_work" title="Reference work">Reference works</a> by Europa Publications, published by Routledge: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_World_Year_Book" title="Europa World Year Book">Europa World Year Book</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/International_Who%27s_Who" class="mw-redirect" title="International Who's Who">International Who's Who</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Europa World of Learning</i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Many of Routledge's <a href="/wiki/Reference_work" title="Reference work">reference works</a> are published in print and electronic formats as Routledge Handbooks and have their own dedicated website: Routledge Handbooks Online.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company also publishes several online encyclopedias and collections of digital content such as <i>Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-rep.routledge.com_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rep.routledge.com-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Routledge Performance Archive,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and South Asia Archive.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Routledge Worlds</i> series consisted of 66 books as of July 2023, which the publisher described as "magisterial surveys of key historical epochs".<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_Worlds_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge_Worlds-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Included in the series are <i>The Sikh World</i>, <i>The Pentecostal World</i>, published in 2023, <i>The Quaker World</i>, <i>The Ancient Israelite World</i>, and <i>The Sámi World</i> published in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_Worlds_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge_Worlds-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Book_series">Book series</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Book series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Broadway Travellers</i> (1926–37)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> edited by <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Power" title="Eileen Power">Eileen Power</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Denison_Ross" title="Edward Denison Ross">Edward Denison Ross</a>.</li> <li><i>Colloquial Series of Multimedia Language Courses</i><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Essential Grammars</i> (since 1999)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Morley's Universal Library</i> (also known as: <i>Routledge's Universal Library</i>) (1883–88)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Muses' Library</i> (1904–1940; 1950–1980) <dl><dd>established in 1891 by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_%26_Bullen" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence & Bullen">Lawrence & Bullen</a> as a series of fine editions of poetry until L&B folded in 1900, Routledge revived the series in 1904 with reprints and new titles. Over the years parallel editions were published in the US by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Charles Scribner's Sons</a>, <a href="/wiki/E.P._Dutton" class="mw-redirect" title="E.P. Dutton">E.P. Dutton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Republic_of_Letters" title="The Republic of Letters">The Republic of Letters</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Routledge's Railway Library</i> (1848–99) <dl><dd>were sold through <a href="/wiki/W._H._Smith%27s_bookstalls" class="mw-redirect" title="W. H. Smith's bookstalls">W. H. Smith's bookstalls</a> on railway platforms; in 50 years 1,277 books were published, most as pictorial hardbacks, with some bestsellers re-released as cheaper paperbacks. Authors included <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bulwer_Lytton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Bulwer Lytton">Edward Bulwer Lytton</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">James Fenimore Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fielding" title="Henry Fielding">Henry Fielding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frances_Trollope" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Trollope">Frances Trollope</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Harrison_Ainsworth" title="William Harrison Ainsworth">William Harrison Ainsworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a><sup id="cite_ref-Railway_Library_history_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Railway_Library_history-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160214051023/http://informa.com/divisions/academic-publishing/management-team/jeremy-north/">"Managing Director, Humanities & Social Science Books, Taylor & Francis Group"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Informa" title="Informa">Informa</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informa.com/divisions/academic-publishing/management-team/jeremy-north/">the original</a> on 14 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Managing+Director%2C+Humanities+%26+Social+Science+Books%2C+Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.pub=Informa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informa.com%2Fdivisions%2Facademic-publishing%2Fmanagement-team%2Fjeremy-north%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUptonKretzschmar2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clive_Upton" title="Clive Upton">Upton, Clive</a>; Kretzschmar, William A. Jr. (2017). <i>The Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English</i> (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 1164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-12566-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-12566-7"><bdi>978-1-138-12566-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Dictionary+of+Pronunciation+for+Current+English&rft.pages=1164&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-138-12566-7&rft.aulast=Upton&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft.au=Kretzschmar%2C+William+A.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aboutus-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aboutus_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.routledge.com/info/about_us/">"About Us – Routledge"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606184013/https://www.routledge.com/corporate/about-us">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us+%E2%80%93+Routledge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2Finfo%2Fabout_us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/resources/authors/publishing">"Publishing With Us – Routledge"</a>. Taylor & Francis Group. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190721084337/https://www.routledge.com/resources/authors/publishing">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Outsell+HSS+Market+Size+Share+Forecast&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigest.sagepub.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F01%2FOutsell_Market_Performance_16jan2015_HSS_Market_Size_Share_Forecast.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECope1998-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECope1998_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECope1998_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCope1998">Cope 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Informa-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Informa_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910164259/https://informa.com/divisions/academic-publishing/">"Academic Publishing"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://informa.com/divisions/academic-publishing/">the original</a> on 10 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academic+Publishing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finforma.com%2Fdivisions%2Facademic-publishing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taylorandfrancis.com/contact/global-offices/">"T&F Group Global Offices"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928122833/https://taylorandfrancis.com/contact/global-offices/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yellowbacks%3A+III+%E2%80%93+Routledge%27s+Railway+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollections%2Fearly%2Fvictorian%2Fyellow%2Fyellow3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Railway_Library_history-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Railway_Library_history_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Railway_Library_history_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner" class="citation web cs1">Wagner, David Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publishinghistory.com/routledges-railway-library.html">"Routledge's Railway Library (George Routledge)"</a>. <i>Book Series List</i>. Publishing History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319203915/https://www.publishinghistory.com/routledges-railway-library.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Book+Series+List&rft.atitle=Routledge%27s+Railway+Library+%28George+Routledge%29&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=David+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishinghistory.com%2Froutledges-railway-library.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UCL-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UCL_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.ucl.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqSearch=RefNo==%27ROUTLEDGE%27&dsqDb=Catalog">"UCL Library Services: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd Archives – 1850–1984"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216063752/http://archives.ucl.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqSearch=RefNo==%27ROUTLEDGE%27&dsqDb=Catalog">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2015</span> – via Wikisource.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography%2C+1885-1900%2C+Volume+49&rft.atitle=Routledge%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FRoutledge%2C_George_%2528DNB00%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/lucile/publishers/kegan/kegan.htm">"PUBLISHER: Kegan Paul, Trench & Company; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Company, London"</a>. <i>The Lucile Project</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161106104908/http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/lucile/publishers/kegan/kegan.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=routledgeperformancearchive.com&rft.atitle=Routledge+Performance+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledgeperformancearchive.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southasiaarchive.com/unauthenticated">"South Asia Archive"</a>. <i>southasiaarchive.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220524131700/http://www.southasiaarchive.com/unauthenticated">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=southasiaarchive.com&rft.atitle=South+Asia+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southasiaarchive.com%2Funauthenticated&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Routledge_Worlds-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_Worlds_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_Worlds_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Worlds/book-series/WORLDS">"Routledge Worlds - Book Series - Routledge & CRC Press"</a>. <i>Routledge</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230715010334/https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Worlds/book-series/WORLDS">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Routledge&rft.atitle=Routledge+Worlds+-+Book+Series+-+Routledge+%26+CRC+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FRoutledge-Worlds%2Fbook-series%2FWORLDS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone" class="citation web cs1">Stone, Thomas E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebooksinmylife.com/p/broadway-travellers.html">"Collecting The Broadway Travellers Series"</a>. <i>The Books In My Life blog</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190419224847/http://www.thebooksinmylife.com/p/broadway-travellers.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Books+In+My+Life+blog&rft.atitle=Collecting+The+Broadway+Travellers+Series&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Thomas+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebooksinmylife.com%2Fp%2Fbroadway-travellers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306180834/https://www.routledge.com/Colloquial-Series/book-series/SE0069">"Colloquial Series"</a>. <i>Routledge</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/Colloquial-Series/book-series/SE0069">the original</a> on 6 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Routledge&rft.atitle=Colloquial+Series&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FColloquial-Series%2Fbook-series%2FSE0069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Essential-Grammars/book-series/SE0549?pd=published,forthcoming&pg=3&pp=12&so=pub&view=list">"Routledge Essential Grammars – Book Series"</a>. <i>Routledge & CRC Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221130050355/https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Essential-Grammars/book-series/SE0549?pd=published,forthcoming&pg=3&pp=12&so=pub&view=list">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Routledge+%26+CRC+Press&rft.atitle=Routledge+Essential+Grammars+%E2%80%93+Book+Series&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FRoutledge-Essential-Grammars%2Fbook-series%2FSE0549%3Fpd%3Dpublished%2Cforthcoming%26pg%3D3%26pp%3D12%26so%3Dpub%26view%3Dlist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180624063936/http://www.publishinghistory.com/morleys-universal-library-routledge.html">"Morley's Universal Library (George Routledge) - Book Series List"</a>. <i>Publishing History</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publishinghistory.com/morleys-universal-library-routledge.html">the original</a> on 24 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Publishing+History&rft.atitle=Morley%27s+Universal+Library+%28George+Routledge%29+-+Book+Series+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishinghistory.com%2Fmorleys-universal-library-routledge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrygier2016" class="citation web cs1">Krygier, John (28 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seriesofseries.owu.edu/the-muses-library/">"Muses' Library"</a>. A Series of Series. <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Wesleyan_University" title="Ohio Wesleyan University">Ohio Wesleyan University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413055719/https://seriesofseries.owu.edu/the-muses-library/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muses%27+Library&rft.series=A+Series+of+Series&rft.pub=Ohio+Wesleyan+University&rft.date=2016-03-28&rft.aulast=Krygier&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fseriesofseries.owu.edu%2Fthe-muses-library%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrygier2017" class="citation web cs1">Krygier, John (December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seriesofseries.owu.edu/republic-of-letters/">"Republic of Letters"</a>. A Series of Series. Ohio Wesleyan University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413060826/https://seriesofseries.owu.edu/republic-of-letters/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Republic+of+Letters&rft.series=A+Series+of+Series&rft.pub=Ohio+Wesleyan+University&rft.date=2017-12&rft.aulast=Krygier&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fseriesofseries.owu.edu%2Frepublic-of-letters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoynton1995" class="citation magazine cs1">Boynton, Robert (March–April 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160601080604/http://www.robertboynton.com/articleDisplay.php?article_id=24">"The Routledge Revolution: Has Academic Publishing Gone Tabloid?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lingua_Franca_(magazine)" title="Lingua Franca (magazine)">Lingua Franca: the review of academic life</a></i>. Vol. 5, no. 3. <a href="/wiki/Mamaroneck,_New_York" title="Mamaroneck, New York">Mamaroneck, NY</a>: Lingua Franca, Inc. pp. 24–32. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61311445">61311445</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robertboynton.com/articleDisplay.php?article_id=24">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(online reproduction, by author [n.pag.])</span> on 1 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lingua+Franca%3A+the+review+of+academic+life&rft.atitle=The+Routledge+Revolution%3A+Has+Academic+Publishing+Gone+Tabloid%3F&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=24-32&rft.date=1995-03%2F1995-04&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F61311445&rft.aulast=Boynton&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robertboynton.com%2FarticleDisplay.php%3Farticle_id%3D24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkPhillips2008" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Giles N.; Phillips, Angus (2008). <i>Inside Book Publishing</i>. Taylor & Francis-Library collection (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Abingdon-on-Thames" title="Abingdon-on-Thames">Abingdon-on-Thames</a>, England; New York, NY: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-34154-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-34154-4"><bdi>978-0-203-34154-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/182573667">182573667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Book+Publishing&rft.place=Abingdon-on-Thames%2C+England%3B+New+York%2C+NY&rft.series=Taylor+%26+Francis-Library+collection&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F182573667&rft.isbn=978-0-203-34154-4&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Giles+N.&rft.au=Phillips%2C+Angus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCope1998" class="citation news cs1">Cope, Nigel (5 November 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/books-merger-yields-windfall-of-pounds-6m-1182898.html">"Books merger yields windfall of £6m"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(online edition)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Independent_News_%26_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent News & Media">Independent News & Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415152255/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/books-merger-yields-windfall-of-pounds-6m-1182898.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Books+merger+yields+windfall+of+%C2%A36m&rft.date=1998-11-05&rft.aulast=Cope&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fbooks-merger-yields-windfall-of-pounds-6m-1182898.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranklin1986" class="citation book cs1">Franklin, Norman (1986). <i>Routledge & Kegan Paul: 150 years of great publishing</i>. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/24489168">24489168</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul%3A+150+years+of+great+publishing&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F24489168&rft.aulast=Franklin&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutherland2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Sutherland_(author)" title="John Sutherland (author)">Sutherland, John</a> (2009). <i>The Longman Companion to Victorian Fiction</i> (2nd ed.). Abingdon, England; New York, NY: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1408203903" title="Special:BookSources/978-1408203903"><bdi>978-1408203903</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Longman+Companion+to+Victorian+Fiction&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+England%3B+New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1408203903&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarburg1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fredric_Warburg" title="Fredric Warburg">Warburg, Fredric</a> (1960). <i>An Occupation for Gentlemen</i> (1st American ed.). Boston, MA: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1201220">1201220</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Occupation+for+Gentlemen&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.edition=1st+American&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1201220&rft.aulast=Warburg&rft.aufirst=Fredric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhipp1992" class="citation book cs1">Whipp, Richard (1992). "Human Resource Management, Competition and Strategy: Some Productive Tensions". In Paul Blyton; Peter Turnbull (eds.). <i>Reassessing Human Resource Management</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. pp. 33–55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8039-8697-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8039-8697-1"><bdi>0-8039-8697-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28325927">28325927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Human+Resource+Management%2C+Competition+and+Strategy%3A+Some+Productive+Tensions&rft.btitle=Reassessing+Human+Resource+Management&rft.place=London&rft.pages=33-55&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28325927&rft.isbn=0-8039-8697-1&rft.aulast=Whipp&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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