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id="toc-Federal_Policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Federal Policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cross-sectoral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross-sectoral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Cross-sectoral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cross-sectoral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_consumption,_residential_and_commercial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_consumption,_residential_and_commercial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Energy consumption, residential and commercial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_consumption,_residential_and_commercial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_consumption,_industrial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_consumption,_industrial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Energy consumption, industrial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_consumption,_industrial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Energy supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.7</span> <span>Forestry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waste_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waste_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.8</span> <span>Waste management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waste_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Regional initiatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_Policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_Policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>State Policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_Policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-California" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#California"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>California</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-California-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colorado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colorado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Colorado</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colorado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maryland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maryland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Maryland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maryland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GHG_reduction_targets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GHG_reduction_targets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>GHG reduction targets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GHG_reduction_targets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renewable_portfolio_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewable_portfolio_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.5</span> <span>Renewable portfolio standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewable_portfolio_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lead_by_example_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lead_by_example_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.6</span> <span>Lead by example programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lead_by_example_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Local programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-governmental_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-governmental_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Non-governmental responses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Non-governmental_responses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Non-governmental responses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Non-governmental_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individual_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individual_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Individual action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individual_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Business community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technologies_in_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technologies_in_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Technologies in development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technologies_in_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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غازات الدفيئة من الولايات المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emisiones_de_gases_de_efecto_invernadero_de_Estados_Unidos" title="Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای توسط آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about gases from the United States which contribute to climate change, and their mitigation. For all the other aspects of climate change in this country, see <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change in the United States">Climate change in the United States</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlanta_75.85.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Atlanta_75.85.jpg/301px-Atlanta_75.85.jpg" decoding="async" width="301" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Atlanta_75.85.jpg/452px-Atlanta_75.85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Atlanta_75.85.jpg/602px-Atlanta_75.85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2492" data-file-height="1803" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation in the United States</a> is the largest source of greenhouse gas<sup id="cite_ref-ff_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ff-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:612px;max-width:612px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1990-_Annual_greenhouse_gas_emissions_-_U.S._-_line_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1990-_Annual_greenhouse_gas_emissions_-_U.S._-_line_chart.svg/200px-1990-_Annual_greenhouse_gas_emissions_-_U.S._-_line_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1990-_Annual_greenhouse_gas_emissions_-_U.S._-_line_chart.svg/300px-1990-_Annual_greenhouse_gas_emissions_-_U.S._-_line_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1990-_Annual_greenhouse_gas_emissions_-_U.S._-_line_chart.svg/400px-1990-_Annual_greenhouse_gas_emissions_-_U.S._-_line_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Though the U.S.'s <i>per capita</i> and per <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> emissions have declined significantly, the raw numerical decline in emissions is much less substantial.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_GHGemissions_1990_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA_GHGemissions_1990_-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20210703_Variwide_chart_of_greenhouse_gas_emissions_per_capita_by_country_(includes_OTHER).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/20210703_Variwide_chart_of_greenhouse_gas_emissions_per_capita_by_country_%28includes_OTHER%29.svg/200px-20210703_Variwide_chart_of_greenhouse_gas_emissions_per_capita_by_country_%28includes_OTHER%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/20210703_Variwide_chart_of_greenhouse_gas_emissions_per_capita_by_country_%28includes_OTHER%29.svg/300px-20210703_Variwide_chart_of_greenhouse_gas_emissions_per_capita_by_country_%28includes_OTHER%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/20210703_Variwide_chart_of_greenhouse_gas_emissions_per_capita_by_country_%28includes_OTHER%29.svg/400px-20210703_Variwide_chart_of_greenhouse_gas_emissions_per_capita_by_country_%28includes_OTHER%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The U.S. has among the highest <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_carbon_dioxide_emissions_per_capita" title="List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita">per person emissions</a>, of the countries that emit the most greenhouse gases.<sup id="cite_ref-GHGemissionsByCountry_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GHGemissionsByCountry-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1980-_Natural_gas_production,_by_country.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/1980-_Natural_gas_production%2C_by_country.svg/200px-1980-_Natural_gas_production%2C_by_country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/1980-_Natural_gas_production%2C_by_country.svg/300px-1980-_Natural_gas_production%2C_by_country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/1980-_Natural_gas_production%2C_by_country.svg/400px-1980-_Natural_gas_production%2C_by_country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The U.S. has been the predominant producer of natural gas, which includes the greenhouse gas methane.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_naturalGas_thru2022_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_naturalGas_thru2022-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1277954990">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend li span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend li .l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style="width: min-content;flex-direction: column-reverse;"> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">US greenhouse gas emissions by economic sector, 2022<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:black;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Transportation 28.4 (28.4%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:red;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Electricity generation 24.9 (24.9%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:blue;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Industry 22.9 (22.9%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:green;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Agriculture 10 (9.99%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#af8dc3;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Commercial 7.3 (7.29%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#e7d4e8;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Residential 6.2 (6.19%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#fc8d59;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">U.S. territories 0.4 (0.40%)</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:#fc8d59;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="U.S. territories 0.4 (0.40%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie25" style="background:black;color:#000" title="Transportation 28.4 (28.4%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:black;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.034turn)" title="Transportation 28.4 (28.4%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:red;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.284turn)" title="Electricity generation 24.9 (24.9%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:red;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.407turn)" title="Electricity generation 24.9 (24.9%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:blue;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.532turn)" title="Industry 22.9 (22.9%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:blue;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.636turn)" title="Industry 22.9 (22.9%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:green;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.761turn)" title="Agriculture 10 (9.99%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:green;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.791turn)" title="Agriculture 10 (9.99%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#af8dc3;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.861turn)" title="Commercial 7.3 (7.29%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#af8dc3;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.864turn)" title="Commercial 7.3 (7.29%)"></div> <div class="pie5" style="background:#e7d4e8;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.934turn)" title="Residential 6.2 (6.19%)"></div> <div class="pie5" style="background:#e7d4e8;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.946turn)" title="Residential 6.2 (6.19%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> produced 5.2 billion <a href="/wiki/Metric_tons" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric tons">metric tons</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_equivalent" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dioxide equivalent">carbon dioxide equivalent</a> <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions</a> in 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the second largest in the world after <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_China" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by China">greenhouse gas emissions by China</a> and among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_greenhouse_gas_emissions_per_capita" title="List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita">countries with the highest greenhouse gas emissions per person</a>. In 2019 China is estimated to have emitted 27% of world <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">GHG</a>, followed by the United States with 11%, then India with 6.6%.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total the United States has emitted a quarter of world GHG, more than any other country.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annual emissions are over 15 tons per person and, amongst the top eight emitters, is the highest <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_greenhouse_gas_emissions_per_capita" title="List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita">country by greenhouse gas emissions per person</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Energy_Agency" title="International Energy Agency">IEA</a> estimates that the richest decile in the US emits over 55 tonnes of CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> per capita each year.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because <a href="/wiki/Coal_power_in_the_United_States#Trends,_comparisons,_and_forecasts" title="Coal power in the United States">coal-fired power stations are gradually shutting down</a>, in the 2010s emissions from <a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_of_the_United_States#Electricity_generation" title="Electricity sector of the United States">electricity generation</a> fell to second place behind <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">transportation</a> which is now the largest single source.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA,_OA_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA,_OA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, 27% of the GHG emissions of the United States were from transportation, 25% from electricity, 24% from industry, 13% from commercial and residential buildings and 11% from agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA,_OA_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA,_OA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U.S. energy-related CO2 emissions decreased by 3% in 2023, amounting to a reduction of approximately 134 million metric tons (MMmt). This reduction primarily occurred in the electric power sector, with a significant shift from coal-fired power to more sustainable energy sources like solar and natural gas.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, the electric power sector was the second largest source of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for 25% of the U.S. total.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These greenhouse gas emissions are contributing to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change in the United States">climate change in the United States</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">worldwide</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_greenhouse_gases">Types of greenhouse gases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types of greenhouse gases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-gas_(2).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-gas_%282%29.png/300px-Greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-gas_%282%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-gas_%282%29.png/450px-Greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-gas_%282%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-gas_%282%29.png/600px-Greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-gas_%282%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>United States Greenhouse emission of gas from 1990 - 2016</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Co2%2Bmethane-US.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Co2%2Bmethane-US.png/300px-Co2%2Bmethane-US.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Co2%2Bmethane-US.png/450px-Co2%2Bmethane-US.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Co2%2Bmethane-US.png/600px-Co2%2Bmethane-US.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption>US emissions of CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> and methane, 2018</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20211228_Cumulative_greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_country_and_region_-_bar_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/20211228_Cumulative_greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_country_and_region_-_bar_chart.svg/330px-20211228_Cumulative_greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_country_and_region_-_bar_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/20211228_Cumulative_greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_country_and_region_-_bar_chart.svg/495px-20211228_Cumulative_greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_country_and_region_-_bar_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/20211228_Cumulative_greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_country_and_region_-_bar_chart.svg/660px-20211228_Cumulative_greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_country_and_region_-_bar_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption> Since 1850, the United States has cumulatively contributed the greatest amount of greenhouse gases of any nation or region.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20211026_Cumulative_carbon_dioxide_CO2_emissions_by_country_-_bar_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/20211026_Cumulative_carbon_dioxide_CO2_emissions_by_country_-_bar_chart.svg/300px-20211026_Cumulative_carbon_dioxide_CO2_emissions_by_country_-_bar_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/20211026_Cumulative_carbon_dioxide_CO2_emissions_by_country_-_bar_chart.svg/450px-20211026_Cumulative_carbon_dioxide_CO2_emissions_by_country_-_bar_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/20211026_Cumulative_carbon_dioxide_CO2_emissions_by_country_-_bar_chart.svg/600px-20211026_Cumulative_carbon_dioxide_CO2_emissions_by_country_-_bar_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption> Since 1850, the United States has cumulatively contributed the greatest amount of CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> of any nation.<sup id="cite_ref-CarbonBrief_20211005_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CarbonBrief_20211005-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">Greenhouse gas</a></div> <p>Greenhouse gases are gases; including <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">nitrous oxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone">ozone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluorinated_gases" title="Fluorinated gases">fluorinated gases</a> and others; that absorb and emit <a href="/wiki/Radiant_energy" title="Radiant energy">radiant energy</a> in the atmosphere. Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased significantly since the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, due to <a href="/wiki/Anthropogenic_climate_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropogenic climate change">human activities</a>. The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases. Human powered force and activity is known as <a href="/wiki/Anthropogenic_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropogenic hazard">anthropogenic</a> activity, which is causing a lot of detrimental effects on the planet. Such effects include erratic <a href="/wiki/Weather" title="Weather">weather patterns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">droughts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heat_wave" title="Heat wave">heat waves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">wildfires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocean_acidification" title="Ocean acidification">ocean acidification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">sea level rise</a>, glacial melting, increased <a href="/wiki/Global_temperature_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Global temperature record">average global temperatures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a>, and many more.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">Greenhouse gases</a> have a range in how long they remain in the atmosphere. Regardless of where it was emitted from, emissions are roughly spread across the world and become mixed into a heterogeneous mixture. They are calculated in <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_million" class="mw-redirect" title="Parts per million">parts per million</a> (ppm), parts per billion (ppb), and parts per trillion (ppt). In 2019, data states that there was 409.8 parts per million of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This strongly impacts the atmosphere in that it causes <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>, creating a thick blanket over the Earth's atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources_of_greenhouse_gases">Sources of greenhouse gases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources of greenhouse gases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere through the mass burning of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil along with trees, <a href="/wiki/Municipal_solid_waste" title="Municipal solid waste">solid waste</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biological materials</a>. In 2018, carbon dioxide was estimated to approximately be 81% of all USA greenhouse gases emitted in 2018. Natural <a href="/wiki/Carbon_cycle" title="Carbon cycle">sinks</a> and reservoirs absorb carbon dioxide emissions through a process called the <a href="/wiki/Carbon_cycle" title="Carbon cycle">carbon cycle</a>. Sinks and reservoirs can include the <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vegetation" title="Vegetation">vegetation</a>, and the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Methane is mainly produced by <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_practices" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural practices">agricultural practices</a>. <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">Methane</a> was estimated to make up 10% of emitted greenhouse gases.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the decrease in non-agricultural GHG emissions during COVID-19, the percent of the USA's GHG emissions from livestock increased from 2.6%<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to about 5%,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is a smaller percentage than many other countries likely because the USA has more greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles, machines, and factories. Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas produced mainly by agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fluorinated_gases" title="Fluorinated gases">Fluorinated gases</a> are synthetically produced and used as substitutes for stratospheric <a href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">ozone-depleting</a> substances.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="old - is this still true now USA is ratifying Kigali Amendment? (December 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">Greenhouse gases</a> are produced from a wide variety of human activities, though some of the greatest impacts come from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, agriculture and industrial manufacturing. In the United States, power generation was the largest source of emissions for many years, but in 2017, the transportation sector overtook it as the leading emissions source. As of that year, the breakdown was transportation at 29%, followed by electricity generation at 28% and industry at 22%.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After carbon dioxide, the next most abundant compound is methane, though there have been methodological differences in how to measure its effects. According to a 2016 study, US <a href="/wiki/Methane_emissions" title="Methane emissions">methane emissions</a> were underestimated by the EPA for at least a decade, by some 30 to 50 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, the US government is working to reduce methane emissions in the agriculture, mining, landfill, and petroleum industries.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another area of concern is that of <a href="/wiki/Ozone_Depleting_Substance" class="mw-redirect" title="Ozone Depleting Substance">ozone-depleting substances</a> such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are often potent greenhouse gases with serious <a href="/wiki/Global_warming_potential" title="Global warming potential">global warming potential</a> (GWP). However, significant progress has been made in reducing the usage of these gases as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Protocol" title="Montreal Protocol">Montreal Protocol</a>, the international treaty that took effect in 1989. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_emissions-creating_events">Major emissions-creating events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Major emissions-creating events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2018, an explosion and <a href="/wiki/Blowout_(well_drilling)" title="Blowout (well drilling)">blowout</a> in a natural gas well in <a href="/wiki/Belmont_County,_Ohio" title="Belmont County, Ohio">Belmont County, Ohio</a> was detected by the Copernicus <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-5_Precursor" title="Sentinel-5 Precursor">Sentinel-5P</a> satellite's Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument. The well was owned by <a href="/wiki/XTO_Energy" title="XTO Energy">XTO Energy</a>. About 30 homes were evacuated, and <a href="/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">brine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Produced_water" title="Produced water">produced water</a> were discharged into streams flowing into the Ohio River. The blowout lasted 20 days, releasing more than 50,000 tons of methane into the atmosphere. The blowout leaked more methane than is discharged by most European nations in a year from their oil and gas industries.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg/300px-Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg/450px-Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg/600px-Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Per person, the United States generates carbon dioxide at a far faster rate than other primary regions.<sup id="cite_ref-Friedlingstein_2019_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedlingstein_2019-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Total_CO2_by_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Total_CO2_by_Region.svg/300px-Total_CO2_by_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Total_CO2_by_Region.svg/450px-Total_CO2_by_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Total_CO2_by_Region.svg/600px-Total_CO2_by_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Since 2000, rising CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> emissions in China and the rest of world have eclipsed the output of the United States and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Friedlingstein_2019_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedlingstein_2019-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reporting_requirement">Reporting requirement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reporting requirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reporting of greenhouse gases was first implemented on a voluntary basis with the creation of a <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_register_of_greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="United States federal register of greenhouse gas emissions">federal register of greenhouse gas emissions</a> authorized under Section 1605(b) of the <a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_Act_of_1992" title="Energy Policy Act of 1992">Energy Policy Act of 1992</a>. This program provides a means for utilities, industries, and other entities to establish a public record of their emissions and the results of voluntary measures to reduce, avoid, or sequester GHG emission </p><p>In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> established a similar program mandating reporting for facilities that produce 25,000 or more metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. This has resulted in thousands of US companies <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_monitoring" title="Greenhouse gas monitoring">monitoring</a> and reporting their greenhouse gas emissions, covering about half of all GHG emissions in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A separate <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_inventory" title="Greenhouse gas inventory">inventory</a> of fossil fuel CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> emissions is provided by <a href="/wiki/Project_Vulcan" title="Project Vulcan">Project Vulcan</a>, a <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">DOE</a> funded effort to quantify North American fossil fuel emissions over time.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mitigation">Mitigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mitigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Energy_conservation_in_the_United_States" title="Energy conservation in the United States">Energy conservation in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Climate change policy of the United States">Climate change policy of the United States</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1277954990" /> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style="width: min-content;flex-direction: column-reverse;"> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">Global <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_carbon_dioxide_emissions" title="List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions">carbon dioxide emissions</a> by country in 2023:</div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#E33;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">China (31.8%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#1A9;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">United States (14.4%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#36A;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">European Union (4.9%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#CC5;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">India (9.5%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#E72;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Russia (5.8%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#928;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Japan (3.5%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#FEFDFD;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Other (30.1%)</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:#FEFDFD;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="Other (30.1%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie25" style="background:#E33;color:#000" title="China (31.8%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:#E33;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.068turn)" title="China (31.8%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:#1A9;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.318turn)" title="United States (14.4%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:#1A9;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.337turn)" title="United States (14.4%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.462turn); background:#36A;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 31.79872390% 0%, 0 100%)" title="European Union (4.9%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#CC5;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.511turn)" title="India (9.5%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#CC5;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.536turn)" title="India (9.5%)"></div> <div class="pie5" style="background:#E72;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.606turn)" title="Russia (5.8%)"></div> <div class="pie5" style="background:#E72;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.614turn)" title="Russia (5.8%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.664turn); background:#928;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 22.35264829% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Japan (3.5%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Policies">Federal Policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Federal Policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United States government has held shifting attitudes toward addressing greenhouse gas emissions. The <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">George W. Bush administration</a> opted not to sign the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dessai_2001_5_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dessai_2001_5-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a> entered the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> withdrew from the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a> while increasing the export of <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gas</a>, making the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> the largest producer.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden administration</a> committed to reducing emissions to half of 2005 levels by 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">President Biden</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act_of_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflation Reduction Act of 2022">Inflation Reduction Act</a> into law, which is estimated to provide around $375 billion over 10 years to fight climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Social_cost_of_carbon" title="Social cost of carbon">social cost of carbon</a> is 51 dollars a tonne whereas academics say it should be more than three times higher.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cross-sectoral">Cross-sectoral</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cross-sectoral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epa.gov/statelocalclimate">State and Local Climate and Energy Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Energy_Management_Program" title="Federal Energy Management Program">Federal Energy Management Program</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transportation">Transportation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The transportation sector accounted for nearly 29% of GHG emissions in the United States in 2019, with 58% of emissions coming from light-duty vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-ff_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ff-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, states lack legislation for <a href="/wiki/Low-emission_zone" title="Low-emission zone">low emission zones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector include: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Corporate_Average_Fuel_Economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate Average Fuel Economy">Corporate Average Fuel Economy</a> (CAFE) Program: Requires automobile manufacturers to meet average fuel economy standards for the light-duty vehicles, large passenger vans and <a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUVs</a> sold in the United States. Fuel economy standards vary according to the size of the vehicle.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmartWay" class="mw-redirect" title="SmartWay">SmartWay</a>: Helps improve environmental outcomes for companies in the freight industry.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_Fuel_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable Fuel Standard">Renewable Fuel Standard</a>: Under the <a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_Act_of_2005" title="Energy Policy Act of 2005">Energy Policy Act of 2005</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> is responsible for promulgating regulations to ensure that gasoline sold in the United States contains a specific volume of <a href="/wiki/Renewable_fuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable fuel">renewable fuel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eia.gov_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eia.gov-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreedomCAR" class="mw-redirect" title="FreedomCAR">FreedomCAR</a> and Fuel Partnership and <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Technologies_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicle Technologies Program">Vehicle Technologies Program</a>: The program<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> works jointly with DOE's hydrogen, fuel cell, and infrastructure R&D efforts and the efforts to develop improved technology for <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle" title="Hybrid electric vehicle">hybrid electric vehicles</a>, which include components (such as <a href="/wiki/Rechargeable_battery" title="Rechargeable battery">batteries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">electric motors</a>). The U.S. government uses six "<a href="/wiki/Criteria_pollutant" class="mw-redirect" title="Criteria pollutant">criteria pollutants</a>" as indicators of <a href="/wiki/Air_quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Air quality">air quality</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone">ozone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">sulfur dioxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_oxide" title="Nitrogen oxide">nitrogen oxides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_particulate_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric particulate matter">particulate matter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> and does not include <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gases</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Cities_Coalition_Network" title="Clean Cities Coalition Network">Clean Cities</a>: A network of local coalitions created by DOE in 1993 that works to support energy efficiency and clean fuel efforts in local transportation contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) Program: Provides funds to states to improve air quality and congestion through the implementation of surface transportation projects (e.g., traffic flow and public transit improvements).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Aviation industry regulation: Emissions from commercial and business jets make up 10% of U.S. transportation sector emissions and 3% of total national GHG emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, the EPA issued an "endangerment finding" that allowed the agency to regulate aircraft emissions, and the first proposed standards under that legal determination were issued in July 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Developing alternative energy sources: The Department of Energy's Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) supports research into <a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">biofuels</a> as part of that agency's efforts to reduce transportation-related GHG emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) Program: Provides grants for diesel emissions reduction projects and technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Energy_consumption,_residential_and_commercial"><span id="Energy_consumption.2C_residential_and_commercial"></span>Energy consumption, residential and commercial</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Energy consumption, residential and commercial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2020, buildings in the United States consume roughly 40% of the country's total electricity and contribute a similar percentage of GHG emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>EPA and DOE Clean Energy Programs – <a href="/wiki/Energy_Star" title="Energy Star">Energy Star</a></li> <li>Commercial Building Integration<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Residential Building Integration<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weatherization_Assistance_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Weatherization Assistance Program">Weatherization Assistance Program</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Energy_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="State Energy Program">State Energy Program</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Energy_consumption,_industrial"><span id="Energy_consumption.2C_industrial"></span>Energy consumption, industrial</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Energy consumption, industrial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Star" title="Energy Star">Energy Star</a> for industry</li> <li>Industrial Technologies Program (ITP)<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Energy_supply">Energy supply</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Energy supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20221231_Energy_generation_in_the_United_States_-_Rhodium_Group.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/20221231_Energy_generation_in_the_United_States_-_Rhodium_Group.svg/300px-20221231_Energy_generation_in_the_United_States_-_Rhodium_Group.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/20221231_Energy_generation_in_the_United_States_-_Rhodium_Group.svg/450px-20221231_Energy_generation_in_the_United_States_-_Rhodium_Group.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/20221231_Energy_generation_in_the_United_States_-_Rhodium_Group.svg/600px-20221231_Energy_generation_in_the_United_States_-_Rhodium_Group.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption> Renewable energy exceeded coal-based energy for the first time in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-RhodiumGroup_20230110_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RhodiumGroup_20230110-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CO2_emissions_by_the_elctricity_sector.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/CO2_emissions_by_the_elctricity_sector.jpeg/300px-CO2_emissions_by_the_elctricity_sector.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/CO2_emissions_by_the_elctricity_sector.jpeg/450px-CO2_emissions_by_the_elctricity_sector.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/CO2_emissions_by_the_elctricity_sector.jpeg/600px-CO2_emissions_by_the_elctricity_sector.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption>CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the US electric power sector</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The Coalbed Methane Outreach Program (CMOP) works to reduce methane released into the atmosphere as a result of coal mining by supporting recovery of naturally occurring coal mine gases and encouraging the production of <a href="/wiki/Coalbed_methane" title="Coalbed methane">coalbed methane</a> energy, among other uses.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Natural Gas STAR Program<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The government also supports alternative energy sources that do not rely on fossil fuels, including <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_States" title="Wind power in the United States">wind power</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_States" title="Solar power in the United States">solar power</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Geothermal power in the United States">geothermal power</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Biofuel_in_the_United_States" title="Biofuel in the United States">biofuel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>These clean energy sources can often be integrated into the electric grid in what are known as <a href="/wiki/Distributed_generation" title="Distributed generation">distributed generation</a> systems.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>EPA Clean Energy Programs - <a href="/wiki/Green_Power_Partnership" title="Green Power Partnership">Green Power Partnership</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>EPA Clean Energy Programs - <a href="/wiki/Combined_Heat_and_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined Heat and Power">Combined Heat and Power</a> Partnership<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage" title="Carbon capture and storage">Carbon capture and storage</a> Research Program<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Advanced Energy Systems Program<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>CO<sub>2</sub> Capture<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>CO<sub>2</sub> Storage<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Quality_Incentives_Program" title="Environmental Quality Incentives Program">Environmental Quality Incentives Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_Reserve_Program" title="Conservation Reserve Program">Conservation Reserve Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_Security_Program" title="Conservation Security Program">Conservation Security Program</a></li> <li>AgSTAR Program<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Forestry">Forestry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Forestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthy_Forests_Initiative" title="Healthy Forests Initiative">Healthy Forests Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Land_Enhancement_Program" title="Forest Land Enhancement Program">Forest Land Enhancement Program</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Waste_management">Waste management</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Waste management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP) promotes the use of <a href="/wiki/Landfill_gas" title="Landfill gas">landfill gas</a>, a naturally occurring byproduct of decaying landfill waste, as a sustainable energy source.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides reducing emissions, <a href="/wiki/Landfill_gas_utilization" title="Landfill gas utilization">landfill gas utilization</a> has also been credited for reductions in air pollution, improvements to health and safety conditions, and economic benefits for local communities.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In addition to reducing emissions from waste already in landfills, the EPA's WasteWise program works with businesses to encourage recycling and source reduction to keep waste out of landfills in the first place.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_initiatives">Regional initiatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Regional initiatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Climate_Initiative" title="Western Climate Initiative">Western Climate Initiative</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Regional_Greenhouse_Gas_Initiative" title="Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative">Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative</a> (RGGI), founded in 2007, is a state-level emissions capping and trading program by nine northeastern U.S. states: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Virginia. It is a cap and trade program in which states "sell nearly all emission allowances through auctions and invest proceeds in energy efficiency, renewable energy and other consumer benefit programs."<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Governors_Association" title="Western Governors Association">Western Governors Association</a> Clean and Diversified Energy Initiative</li> <li>Powering the Plains<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Carbon Sequestration Regional Partnerships<sup id="cite_ref-netl.doe.gov_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netl.doe.gov-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayors_Climate_Protection_Center" title="Mayors Climate Protection Center">U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Governors_Association" title="National Governors Association">National Governors Association's</a> (NGA) <i>Securing a Clean Energy Future</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_Policies">State Policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: State Policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="California">California</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: California"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Vehicle Air Pollution (Senate Resolution 27): States and implies that California does not have to adhere to cutbacks in federal emissions standards, thereby allowing stricter California emissions standards than the federal government.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Senate Resolution stems from the previous administration's efforts to reverse environmental policies, and in this case, vehicle emissions standards.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> California's authority to set its own emissions standards is allowed through California's Clean Air Act <a href="/wiki/Federal_preemption" title="Federal preemption">preemption</a> waiver granted to the state by the EPA in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  California's waiver applies to vehicles made in 2009 and later.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The previous state standard included a goal for certain vehicles to reach an average 35 miles per gallon.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_84-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> California saw a large decline in vehicle emissions from 2007 to 2013 but a rise in emissions following 2013, which can be attributed to different circumstances, some of which include population and employment growth, and increases in overall state GDP indicating more economic activity in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emissions_trading" title="Emissions trading">Cap-and-Trade Program</a>: Market-based <a href="/wiki/Carbon_price" title="Carbon price">carbon pricing</a> program that sets a statewide cap on emissions. This cap declines annually and applies to large emitters that account for over 80 percent of California's GHG emissions. The <a href="/wiki/California_Air_Resources_Board" title="California Air Resources Board">California Air Resources Board</a> (CARB) creates an allowance for each ton of carbon dioxide emissions. The number of allowances decreases over time and incentivizes a flexible approach to emissions reduction through trading.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Advanced Clean Cars: Addresses GHG emissions and criteria air pollutants in California through the Low-Emission Vehicle (LEV) regulation and the <a href="/wiki/Zero-emissions_vehicle" title="Zero-emissions vehicle">Zero-Emission Vehicle</a> (ZEV) regulation. The LEV regulation establishes increasing emissions standards for passenger vehicles through model year 2025. The ZEV regulation requires vehicle manufacturers to sell a certain percentage of ZEVs and plug-in hybrids annually through 2025. The next iteration of this program for future model years is under development.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 15 states have adopted the regulations under this program.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Advanced Clean Cars II: Mandates a ban on the sale of internal combustion engine passenger vehicles, trucks, and SUVs starting in 2035, and mandates annual increases in ZEV sales targets from model year 2026 to 2035.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> California has adopted the regulation and New York announced that it would follow.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Advanced Clean Trucks: Requires manufacturers of medium-and heavy-duty trucks to sell an increasing percentage of zero-emission trucks each year starting with model year 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to California, Oregon, Washington, New Jersey, New York, and Massachusetts have also adopted this regulation.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 10 other states and the District of Columbia intend to adopt in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_fuel_standard" title="Low-carbon fuel standard">Low Carbon Fuel Standard</a> (LCFS): Establishes annual targets through 2030 to ensure transportation-related fuels become cleaner and less carbon intensive.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oregon has a similar program entitled, Clean Fuels Program, which runs until 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2006, the state of California passed AB-32 (<a href="/wiki/Global_Warming_Solutions_Act_of_2006" title="Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006">Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006</a>), which requires California to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To implement AB-32, the California Air Resources Board proposed a <a href="/wiki/Carbon_tax" title="Carbon tax">carbon tax</a> but this was not enacted.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In May 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Air_Quality_Management_District" title="Bay Area Air Quality Management District">Bay Area Air Quality Management District</a>, which covers nine counties in the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>, passed a carbon tax on businesses of 4.4 cents per ton of CO<sub>2</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Colorado">Colorado</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Colorado"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2006, voters in <a href="/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado">Boulder, Colorado</a>, passed what is said to be the first municipal carbon tax. It covers electricity consumption with deductions for using electricity from renewable sources (primarily Xcel's WindSource program). The goal is to reduce their emissions by 7% below 1990 levels by 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-bouldercolorado.gov_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bouldercolorado.gov-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tax revenues are collected by <a href="/wiki/Xcel_Energy" title="Xcel Energy">Xcel Energy</a> and are directed to the city's Office of Environmental Affairs to fund programs to reduce emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boulder's Climate Action Plan (CAP) tax was expected to raise $1.6 million in 2010. The tax was increased to a maximum allowable rate by voters in 2009 to meet CAP goals. As of 2017 the tax was set at <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6991136111111111111♠"></span>$0.0049 /<a href="/wiki/Kilowatt-hour" title="Kilowatt-hour">kWh</a></span> for residential users (avg. $21 per year), <span class="nowrap">$0.0009/kWh</span> for commercial (avg. $94 per year), and <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6989833333333333333♠"></span>$0.0003 /kWh</span> for industrial (avg. $9,600 per year). Tax revenues were expected to decrease over time as conservation and renewable energy expand. The tax was renewed by voters on 6 November 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-bouldercolorado.gov_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bouldercolorado.gov-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2015, the Boulder carbon tax was estimated to reduce carbon output by over 100,000 tons per year and provided <span style="white-space: nowrap">$1.8 million</span> in revenue. This revenue is invested in bike lanes, energy-efficient solutions, rebates, and community programs.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surcharge has been generally well received.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maryland">Maryland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Maryland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2010, <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery County, Maryland</a>, passed the nation's first county-level carbon tax.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislation required payments of $5 per ton of CO<sub>2</sub> emitted from any stationary source emitting more than a million tons of carbon dioxide per year.<sup id="cite_ref-solveclimate.com_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solveclimate.com-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only source of emissions fitting the criteria is an 850 megawatt coal-fired power plant then owned by <a href="/wiki/Mirant_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirant Corporation">Mirant Corporation</a>. The tax was expected to raise between <span style="white-space: nowrap">$10 million</span> and <span style="white-space: nowrap">$15 million</span> for the county, which faced a nearly <span style="white-space: nowrap">$1 billion</span> budget gap.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The law directed half of tax revenues toward low interest loans for county residents to invest in residential energy efficiency.<sup id="cite_ref-solveclimate.com_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solveclimate.com-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The county's energy supplier buys its energy at auction, requiring the plant owner to sell its energy at market value, preventing any increase in energy costs. In June 2010, Mirant sued the county to stop the tax.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2011 the Federal Court of Appeals ruled that the tax was a fee imposed "for regulatory or punitive purposes" rather than a tax, and therefore could be challenged in court.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The County Council repealed the fee in July 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="GHG_reduction_targets">GHG reduction targets</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: GHG reduction targets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>States with statutory GHG reduction targets: California, Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, Maryland, Maine, Minnesota, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Nevada, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>States that don't have statutory targets, but have statutory GHG reporting requirements: Iowa and Pennsylvania.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Renewable_portfolio_standards">Renewable portfolio standards</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Renewable portfolio standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>38 states have established renewable portfolio standards or voluntary targets, which increase the share of renewable electricity generation over time.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lead_by_example_programs">Lead by example programs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Lead by example programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>New Hampshire's Better Buildings Neighborhood Program<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>New Jersey's Clean Energy Program<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Atlanta's Virginia Highland - 1st Carbon Neutral Zone in the United States<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_programs">Local programs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Local programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Municipal, county, and regional governments have substantial influence on greenhouse gas emissions, and many have reduction goals and programs. Local governments are often one of the largest employers in their jurisdictions, and can achieve substantial reductions in their own operations, such as by using zero-emissions vehicles, making government buildings energy-efficient, making or buying renewable energy, and providing incentives for employees to walk, bike, or take transit to work. Local governments have control over several policy areas which influence emissions for the population as a whole. These include land use regulations such as <a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">zoning</a>; transportation infrastructure like public transit, parking, and bike lanes; and building codes and efficiency regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some municipalities act as <a href="/wiki/Utility_cooperative" title="Utility cooperative">utility cooperatives</a> and set a minimum standard for renewable generation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-governmental_responses">Non-governmental responses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Non-governmental responses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individual_action">Individual action</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Individual action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Individual_action_on_climate_change" title="Individual action on climate change">Individual action on climate change</a></div> <p>Actions taken by individuals on climate change include diet, travel alternatives, household energy use, reduced consumption<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and family size.<sup id="cite_ref-Perkins2017_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perkins2017-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individuals can also engage in local and political advocacy around issues of climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individuals have a variety of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_offset" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon offset">carbon offsetting</a> options available to mitigate their environmental impact through non-profit organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_community">Business community</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Business community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Business_action_on_climate_change" title="Business action on climate change">Business action on climate change</a></div> <p>Numerous large businesses have started cutting emissions and committed to eliminate net emissions by various dates in the future, resulting in higher demand for renewable energy and lower demand for fossil fuel energy.<sup id="cite_ref-re100_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-re100-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Businesses may also go carbon neutral by enrolling in Carbon<i>free</i>® Programs<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or certifying their products as Carbon<i>free</i>®<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through carbon offset organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technologies_in_development">Technologies in development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Technologies in development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Carbon Sequestration Regional Partnerships<sup id="cite_ref-netl.doe.gov_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netl.doe.gov-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nuclear: <ul><li>Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative</li> <li>Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative</li> <li>Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative</li> <li>Global Nuclear Energy Partnership</li></ul></li> <li>Clean Automotive Technology</li> <li>Hydrogen Technology<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-temperature_superconductivity" title="High-temperature superconductivity">High-temperature superconductivity</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug-in_electric_vehicles_in_the_United_States" title="Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States">Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of global warming">Politics of global warming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act" title="Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act">Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Select_Committee_on_Energy_Independence_and_Global_Warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming">Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Climate_Change_Science_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Climate Change Science Program">U.S. Climate Change Science Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coal-fired_power_stations_in_the_United_States" title="List of coal-fired power stations in the United States">List of coal-fired power stations in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_gas-fired_power_stations_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of natural gas-fired power stations in the United States">List of natural gas-fired power stations in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ff-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ff_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ff_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUS_EPA2015" class="citation web cs1">US EPA, OAR (2015-08-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/fast-facts-transportation-greenhouse-gas-emissions">"Fast Facts on Transportation Greenhouse Gas Emissions"</a>. <i>www.epa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.epa.gov&rft.atitle=Fast+Facts+on+Transportation+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions&rft.date=2015-08-25&rft.aulast=US+EPA&rft.aufirst=OAR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fgreenvehicles%2Ffast-facts-transportation-greenhouse-gas-emissions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenhouse+gas+emissions+by+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPA_GHGemissions_1990_-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EPA_GHGemissions_1990_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions">"Climate Change Indicators: U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions / Figure 3. U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Capita and per Dollar of GDP, 1990–2020"</a>. <i>EPA.gov</i>. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405092424/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EPA.gov&rft.atitle=Climate+Change+Indicators%3A+U.S.+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions+%2F+Figure+3.+U.S.+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions+per+Capita+and+per+Dollar+of+GDP%2C+1990%E2%80%932020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fclimate-indicators%2Fclimate-change-indicators-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenhouse+gas+emissions+by+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GHGemissionsByCountry-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GHGemissionsByCountry_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">● Emissions data source: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalcarbonatlas.org/emissions/carbon-emissions/">"Territorial (MtCO₂) / 1) Emissions / Carbon emissions / Chart View"</a>. Global Carbon Atlas. 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Territorial+%28MtCO%E2%82%82%29+%2F+1%29+Emissions+%2F+Carbon+emissions+%2F+Chart+View&rft.pub=Global+Carbon+Atlas&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalcarbonatlas.org%2Femissions%2Fcarbon-emissions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenhouse+gas+emissions+by+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>)</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250113130608/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-emissions-per-country">archive on Our World in Data</a>)<br />● Country population data source: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2023&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=1960&view=chart">"Population, total / All Countries and Economies / Most Recent Value (Thousands)"</a>. World Bank. 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20250122171803/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2023&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=1960&view=chart">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population%2C+total+%2F+All+Countries+and+Economies+%2F+Most+Recent+Value+%28Thousands%29&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.POP.TOTL%3Fend%3D2023%26most_recent_value_desc%3Dtrue%26start%3D1960%26view%3Dchart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenhouse+gas+emissions+by+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EIA_naturalGas_thru2022-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EIA_naturalGas_thru2022_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/natural-gas/dry-natural-gas-production?pd=3002&p=00g&u=0&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&&t=C&g=00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001&l=249-ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvnvvvs0008&s=315532800000&e=1640995200000">"International / DATA / Natural Gas / Download options / Export CSV (table)"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Our+World+in+Data&rft.atitle=Who+has+contributed+most+to+global+CO%3Csub+style%3D%22font-size%3A+80%25%3Bvertical-align%3A+-0.35em%22%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E+emissions%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourworldindata.org%2Fcontributed-most-global-co2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenhouse+gas+emissions+by+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeFriedrichVigna2020" class="citation journal cs1">Ge, Mengpin; Friedrich, Johannes; Vigna, Leandro (2020-02-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wri.org/blog/2020/02/greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-country-sector">"4 Charts Explain Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Countries and Sectors"</a>. <i>World Resources Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resources+Institute&rft.atitle=4+Charts+Explain+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions+by+Countries+and+Sectors&rft.date=2020-02-06&rft.aulast=Ge&rft.aufirst=Mengpin&rft.au=Friedrich%2C+Johannes&rft.au=Vigna%2C+Leandro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wri.org%2Fblog%2F2020%2F02%2Fgreenhouse-gas-emissions-by-country-sector&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenhouse+gas+emissions+by+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IEA (2023), The world’s top 1% of emitters produce over 1000 times more CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> than the bottom 1%, IEA, Paris <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iea.org/commentaries/the-world-s-top-1-of-emitters-produce-over-1000-times-more-co2-than-the-bottom-1">https://www.iea.org/commentaries/the-world-s-top-1-of-emitters-produce-over-1000-times-more-co2-than-the-bottom-1</a>, License: CC BY 4.0</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPA,_OA-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EPA,_OA_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA,_OA_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEPA,_OA2015" class="citation web cs1">EPA, OA, US (2015-12-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions">"Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions - US EPA"</a>. <i>US EPA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+EPA&rft.atitle=Sources+of+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions+-+US+EPA&rft.date=2015-12-29&rft.aulast=EPA%2C+OA&rft.aufirst=US&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fghgemissions%2Fsources-greenhouse-gas-emissions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenhouse+gas+emissions+by+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=61928">"U.S. energy-related CO2 emissions decreased by 3% in 2023 - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)"</a>. <i>www.eia.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eia.gov&rft.atitle=U.S.+energy-related+CO2+emissions+decreased+by+3%25+in+2023+-+U.S.+Energy+Information+Administration+%28EIA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Ftodayinenergy%2Fdetail.php%3Fid%3D61928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenhouse+gas+emissions+by+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions">"Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions"</a>. <i>EPA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EPA&rft.atitle=Sources+of+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fghgemissions%2Fsources-greenhouse-gas-emissions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenhouse+gas+emissions+by+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">● <i>Cover article:</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://epthinktank.eu/2015/11/28/cop21-and-agenda-2030-the-challenges-of-complementarity/total-cumulative-greenhouse-gas-emissions/">"Total cumulative greenhouse gas emissions"</a>. <i>epthinktank.eu</i>. European Parliamentary Research Service. 26 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211228045517/https://epthinktank.eu/2015/11/28/cop21-and-agenda-2030-the-challenges-of-complementarity/capture-25/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=epthinktank.eu&rft.atitle=Total+cumulative+greenhouse+gas+emissions&rft.date=2015-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fepthinktank.eu%2F2015%2F11%2F28%2Fcop21-and-agenda-2030-the-challenges-of-complementarity%2Ftotal-cumulative-greenhouse-gas-emissions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenhouse+gas+emissions+by+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span><br />● <i>Direct link to graphic:</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i0.wp.com/epthinktank.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/total-cumulative-greenhouse-gas-emissions.png">"Total cumulative greenhouse gas emissions (graphic)"</a>. <i>EPthinktank.eu</i>. European Parliamentary Research Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211228044515/https://i0.wp.com/epthinktank.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/total-cumulative-greenhouse-gas-emissions.png">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2021. <q>Source: den Elzen et al. 2013. 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Energy in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Energy in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Energy in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Energy_in_the_United_States181" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Energy in the United States">Energy in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics and law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_energy_independence" title="United States energy independence">Energy independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_energy_law" title="United States energy law">Energy law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_energy_law" title="New York energy law">New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_Act_of_1992" title="Energy Policy Act of 1992">Energy Policy Act (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_Act_of_2005" title="Energy Policy Act of 2005">Energy Policy Act (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_subsidy#Allocation_of_subsidies_in_the_United_States" title="Energy subsidy">Energy subsidies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Power_Act" title="Federal Power Act">Federal Power Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels_lobby" title="Fossil fuels lobby">Fossil fuels lobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydropower_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Hydropower policy of the United States">Hydropower policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Nuclear energy policy of the United States">Nuclear energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_wind_energy_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="United States wind energy policy">Wind energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_offshore_drilling_debate" title="United States offshore drilling debate">Offshore drilling debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Utility_Regulatory_Policies_Act" title="Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act">Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_portfolio_standard" title="Renewable portfolio standard">Renewable portfolio standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_grid_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Smart grid policy of the United States">Smart grid policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy by state<br /> or territory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Arkansas" title="Energy in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_California" title="Energy in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Guam" title="Energy in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Hawaii" title="Energy in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Iowa" title="Energy in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Ohio" title="Energy in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Oregon" title="Energy in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Puerto Rico (page does not exist)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Texas" title="Energy in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Vermont" title="Energy in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Wyoming" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Material</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel_in_the_United_States" title="Biofuel in the United States">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_power_in_the_United_States" title="Coal power in the United States">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Geothermal energy in the United States">Geothermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric_power_in_the_United_States" title="Hydroelectric power in the United States">Hydroelectric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_United_States" title="Nuclear power in the United States">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_in_the_United_States" title="Petroleum in the United States">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Renewable energy in the United States">Renewable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_States" title="Solar power in the United States">Solar by<br /> state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Alabama" title="Solar power in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Alaska" title="Solar power in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Arizona" title="Solar power in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Arkansas" title="Solar power in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_California" title="Solar power in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Colorado" title="Solar power in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Connecticut" title="Solar power in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Delaware" title="Solar power in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Florida" title="Solar power in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Solar power in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Hawaii" title="Solar power in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Idaho" title="Solar power in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Illinois" title="Solar power in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Indiana" title="Solar power in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Iowa" title="Solar power in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Kansas" title="Solar power in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Kentucky" title="Solar power in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Louisiana" title="Solar power in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Maine" title="Solar power in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Maryland" title="Solar power in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Massachusetts" title="Solar power in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Michigan" title="Solar power in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Minnesota" title="Solar power in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Mississippi" title="Solar power in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Missouri" title="Solar power in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Montana" title="Solar power in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Nebraska" title="Solar power in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Nevada" title="Solar power in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_New_Hampshire" title="Solar power in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_New_Jersey" title="Solar power in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_New_Mexico" title="Solar power in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_New_York" title="Solar power in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_North_Carolina" title="Solar power in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_North_Dakota" title="Solar power in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Ohio" title="Solar power in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Oklahoma" title="Solar power in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Oregon" title="Solar power in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Pennsylvania" title="Solar power in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Rhode_Island" title="Solar power in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_South_Carolina" title="Solar power in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_South_Dakota" title="Solar power in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Tennessee" title="Solar power in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Texas" title="Solar power in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Utah" title="Solar power in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Vermont" title="Solar power in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Virginia" title="Solar power in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Washington_(state)" title="Solar power in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Solar power in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_West_Virginia" title="Solar power in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Wisconsin" title="Solar power in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Wyoming" title="Solar power in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_States" title="Wind power in the United States">Wind by<br /> state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Alaska" title="Wind power in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Arizona" title="Wind power in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Arkansas" title="Wind power in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_California" title="Wind power in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Colorado" title="Wind power in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Connecticut" title="Wind power in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Delaware" title="Wind power in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Hawaii" title="Wind power in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Idaho" title="Wind power in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Illinois" title="Wind power in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Indiana" title="Wind power in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Iowa" title="Wind power in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Kansas" title="Wind power in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Kentucky" title="Wind power in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Maine" title="Wind power in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Maryland" title="Wind power in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Massachusetts" title="Wind power in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Michigan" title="Wind power in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Minnesota" title="Wind power in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Missouri" title="Wind power in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Montana" title="Wind power in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Nebraska" title="Wind power in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Nevada" title="Wind power in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_New_Hampshire" title="Wind power in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_New_Jersey" title="Wind power in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_New_Mexico" title="Wind power in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_New_York" title="Wind power in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_North_Carolina" title="Wind power in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_North_Dakota" title="Wind power in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Ohio" title="Wind power in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Oklahoma" title="Wind power in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Oregon" title="Wind power in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Pennsylvania" title="Wind power in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Rhode_Island" title="Wind power in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_South_Dakota" title="Wind power in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Tennessee" title="Wind power in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Texas" title="Wind power in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Utah" title="Wind power in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Vermont" title="Wind power in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Virginia" title="Wind power in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Washington" title="Wind power in Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_West_Virginia" title="Wind power in West Virginia"> West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Wisconsin" title="Wind power in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Wyoming" title="Wind power in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environmental issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_average_fuel_economy" title="Corporate average fuel economy">CAFE standards</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greenhouse gas emissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_carbon_dioxide_emissions" title="List of U.S. states and territories by carbon dioxide emissions">State and territory CO<sub>2</sub> emissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_vehicle_emission_standards" title="United States vehicle emission standards">Vehicle emission standards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governmental agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Air_Resources_Board" title="California Air Resources Board">CARB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">DOE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Energy_Efficiency_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy">EERE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Information_Administration" title="Energy Information Administration">EIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory" title="National Renewable Energy Laboratory">NREL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Electricity" title="Office of Electricity">OE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Energy_Regulatory_Commission" title="Federal Energy Regulatory Commission">FERC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission" title="Nuclear Regulatory Commission">NRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Marketing_Administration" title="Power Marketing Administration">PMAs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonneville_Power_Administration" title="Bonneville Power Administration">BPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Power_Administration" title="Southeastern Power Administration">SEPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Power_Administration" title="Southwestern Power Administration">SWPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Area_Power_Administration" title="Western Area Power Administration">WAPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">TVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Council_on_Renewable_Energy" title="American Council on Renewable Energy">ACORE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Petroleum_Institute" title="American Petroleum Institute">API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Power_Association" title="American Public Power Association">APPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Solar_Energy_Society" title="American Solar Energy Society">ASES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Wind_Energy_Association" title="American Wind Energy Association">AWEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomass_Thermal_Energy_Council" title="Biomass Thermal Energy Council">BTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Biosciences_Institute" title="Energy Biosciences Institute">EBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Electric_Institute" title="Edison Electric Institute">EEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_and_Energy_Study_Institute" title="Environmental and Energy Study Institute">EESI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_Power_Research_Institute" title="Electric Power Research Institute">EPRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Energy_Institute" title="Nuclear Energy Institute">NEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rural_Electric_Cooperative_Association" title="National Rural Electric Cooperative Association">NRECA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellet_Fuels_Institute" title="Pellet Fuels Institute">PFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_In_America" title="Plug In America">PIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMI_(energy_organization)" title="RMI (energy organization)">RMI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_North_America176" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_North_America176" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Greenhouse gas emissions by North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the Bahamas (page does not exist)">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Barbados&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Barbados (page does not exist)">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Belize (page does not exist)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Costa Rica (page does not exist)">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Cuba (page does not exist)">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the Dominican Republic (page does not exist)">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Guatemala (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Haiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Haiti (page does not exist)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Honduras (page does not exist)">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Jamaica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Jamaica (page does not exist)">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Nicaragua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Nicaragua (page does not exist)">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Panama (page does not exist)">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Trinidad_and_Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Trinidad and Tobago (page does not exist)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Anguilla (page does not exist)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Aruba (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Bermuda (page does not exist)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Cura%C3%A7ao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Curaçao (page does not exist)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Greenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Greenland (page does not exist)">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Puerto Rico (page does not exist)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_Americas443" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Americas_topic" title="Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Americas_topic" title="Template talk:Americas topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Americas_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_Americas443" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Greenhouse gas emissions by the Americas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in the Americas">Sovereign<br />states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Argentina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Argentina (page does not exist)">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the Bahamas (page does not exist)">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Barbados&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Barbados (page does not exist)">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Belize (page does not exist)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Bolivia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Bolivia (page does not exist)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Brazil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Brazil (page does not exist)">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Chile (page does not exist)">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Colombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Colombia (page does not exist)">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Costa Rica (page does not exist)">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Cuba (page does not exist)">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the Dominican Republic (page does not exist)">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Ecuador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Ecuador (page does not exist)">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Guatemala (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Guyana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Guyana (page does not exist)">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Haiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Haiti (page does not exist)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Honduras (page does not exist)">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Jamaica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Jamaica (page does not exist)">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Nicaragua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Nicaragua (page does not exist)">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Panama (page does not exist)">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Paraguay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Paraguay (page does not exist)">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Peru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Peru (page does not exist)">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Trinidad_and_Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Trinidad and Tobago (page does not exist)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Uruguay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Uruguay (page does not exist)">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Venezuela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Venezuela (page does not exist)">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Anguilla (page does not exist)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Aruba (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Bermuda (page does not exist)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> 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exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Puerto Rico (page does not exist)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Saint Barthélemy (page does not 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