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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lower nobility classes</div> <p>The <b>minor</b> or <b>petty nobility</b> is the lower <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a> classes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finland">Finland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petty_nobility&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Finnish_nobility" title="Finnish nobility">Finnish nobility</a></div> <p>Petty nobility in Finland is dated at least back to the 13th century and was formed by <a href="/wiki/Nobles" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobles">nobles</a> around their strategic interests. The idea was more capable <a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant">peasants</a> with leader roles in the local community that were given <a href="/wiki/Tax_exemption" title="Tax exemption">tax exemption</a> for taking care of services like guard duties of local strongholds. Cavalry service was not required from these petty noble families. Later on, many of these petty noble families gained full nobility ranking. </p><p>Finnish <i><a href="/wiki/Vehkalahti" title="Vehkalahti">Vehkalahti</a></i> is particularly noted in literature for having been an example of such petty nobility (Finnish: <i>knaappiaateli</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Germany">Germany</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petty_nobility&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/German_nobility" title="German nobility">German nobility</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/German_nobility" title="German nobility">Niederer Adel</a> that held legal privileges until 1918 greater than those enjoyed by commoners, but less than those enjoyed by the <i>Hochadel,</i> were considered part of the lower nobility or <i>Niederer Adel</i>. Most were untitled, only making use of the particle <i><a href="/wiki/Von" title="Von">von</a></i> in their surnames. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hungary">Hungary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petty_nobility&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nobility" title="Hungarian nobility">Hungarian nobility</a></div> <p>Common nobility (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: Köznemesség, <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Latin</a>: Nobiles) is defined as any noble, with a lower title than a <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">baron</a>, while those of higher rank are called Arch-nobles (főúr or főnemes). Along with <a href="/wiki/High_priest" title="High priest">High priests</a>, these were the three estates of the medieval estate societies. They evolved from <a href="/wiki/Royal_servant" title="Royal servant">Royal servants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castle_warrior" title="Castle warrior">Castle serfs</a>, and Armal nobles (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: Armális nemes, means a noble possessing an <i>armális</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ten-lanced_nobles" title="Ten-lanced nobles">Ten-lanced nobles</a> were technically also part of this group. Later, in the 14th–15th centuries many have become Affleunt Landed nobles (Latin: nobiles benepossessionati) who usually had 4–10 villages. Thanks to the large number of people obtaining land and/or noble title if they have achieved military success, in the 18th century, the country was also known as the Country of the Many Nobles, since the proportion of nobility among Hungarians could reach 8% (compare to 0.5% in France). </p><p>Although the privileges of the nobles and agilis (a serf married to a noblewoman) were taken away in the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Revolution of 1848</a>, they played an important role in the country's history afterwards. The fact that politics and the intelligentsia were largely made up of common and arch- nobility until the first half of the 20th century, allowed the country to undergo a stable <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>. The Latin names are available because Latin was the language of legislation from the <a href="/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Hungary" title="Stephen I of Hungary">reign of Stephen I</a> until the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reform_era_of_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reform era of Hungary (page does not exist)">Era of Civil Reforms</a> of Hungary. The gentry (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: Kisnemes) were part of this group but had small feudal manors (Jobbágytelek) later developed into the gentries of capitalist society. They usually only had 3 feudal manors. Their subcategories are: </p> <ul><li>Ecclesiastical nobles (Hungarian: Egyházi nemes, Latin: preadium)</li> <li>Landed nobles(Hungarian: Birtokos nemes): nobles with at least one feudal manor</li> <li>Egytelkes nobility: also called <i>kurialists</i> with "kúria" meaning manor. They have only one feudal manor, on which they work by themselves.</li> <li>Armal nobles: a nobilified serf, who had land in someone elses feudal manor and had to pay taxes. This is the lowest level of nobility. They were mostly served by one or two zsellér (<i>inquilinus</i>).</li></ul> <p>They name <i>hétszilvafás</i> "having only seven plum trees" referred to impoverished nobles or armal nobles, signifying the size of their land and were considered to be below the gentry. They were also called bocskoros nemes, since the symbolic difference is that wealthy people wore boots, while poorer people wore a footwear called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bocskor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bocskor (page does not exist)">bocskor</a>. </p><p>While the word <i>közbírtok</i> (<a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Latin</a>: compossessoratus) means the territory shared by the serfs, <i>közbirtokos nemes</i> refers to nobles who cultivate a territory together, without hierarchy. This type usually developed in the frontiers. </p><p>Due to the civic changes of the 19th century, they were either absorbed into the peasantry or the intellectual class. In the Habsburg era, their number was 125 000. </p><p>Someone above Petty nobility is called a Középnemes (Middle-noble). In Hungary, the civic transformation was led mainly by the liberal middle-nobility. The middle-nobles are defined as someone with 100–1000 holds (1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_hold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungarian hold (page does not exist)">Hungarian hold</a> equals 3586,25 m²) of land. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poland">Poland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petty_nobility&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The nobility (<i><a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">szlachta</a></i>) of Poland included petty nobility known as <i>drobna szlachta</i>. These were owners of a part of a village or owning no land at all, often referred to by a variety of colourful Polish terms such as: </p> <ul><li><i>szaraczkowa</i> – <i>grey nobility</i>, from their grey, <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">woollen</a>, uncoloured <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBupan" title="Żupan">żupans</a></li> <li><i>okoliczna</i> – <i>local nobility</i>, similar to <i>zaściankowa</i></li> <li><i>zagrodowa</i> – from <i>zagroda</i>, a farm, often little different from a peasant's dwelling</li> <li><i>zagonowa</i> – from <i>zagon</i>, a small unit of land measure, <i>hide nobility</i></li> <li><i>cząstkowa</i> – <i>partial</i>, owners of only part of a single village</li> <li><i>panek</i> – little <i>pan</i> (i.e., lordling), term used in <a href="/wiki/Kashubia" title="Kashubia">Kaszuby</a>, the Kashubian region, also one of the legal terms for legally separated lower nobility in late medieval and early modern Poland</li> <li><i>hreczkosiej</i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat" title="Buckwheat">buckwheat</a> sowers</i> – those who had to work their fields themselves.</li> <li><i>zaściankowa</i> – from <i>zaścianek</i>, a name for plural nobility settlement, <i>neighbourhood nobility</i>. Just like <i>hreczkosiej</i>, <i>zaściankowa</i> nobility would have no peasants.</li> <li><i>brukowa</i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Cobblestone" title="Cobblestone">cobble</a> nobility</i>, for those living in towns like townsfolk</li> <li><i>gołota</i> – <i>naked nobility</i>, i.e., the landless. <i>Gołota</i> szlachta would be considered the 'lowest of the high'.</li> <li><i>półpanek</i> ("half-lord"); also podpanek/pidpanek ("sub-lord") in <a href="/wiki/Podolia" title="Podolia">Podolia</a> and Ukrainian accent<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – a petty <i>szlachcic</i> pretending to be wealthy.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Serbia">Serbia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petty_nobility&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Serbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Serbian_nobility_in_the_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian nobility in the Middle Ages">Serbian nobility in the Middle Ages</a></div> <p>The nobility (<i>vlastela</i>) of Serbia in the Middle Ages is roughly divided into magnates (<i><a href="/wiki/Velika%C5%A1i" class="mw-redirect" title="Velikaši">velikaši</a></i>), nobility (<i>vlastela</i>) and petty noblemen (<i>vlasteličići</i>). Sometimes, the division is made between <i>vlastela</i> (including "great" and "small" ones) and <i>vlasteličići</i>. </p><p>The <i>vlasteličići</i> (властеличићи) were the lower nobility class of Serbia.<sup id="cite_ref-Leksikon-vlastelicici_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leksikon-vlastelicici-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was a relatively numerous class of the small, warrior nobility, originating from the <i>vojnici</i> (warriors) from sources from the end of the 12th- and beginning of the 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They held villages, with full rights,<sup id="cite_ref-Leksikon-vlastelicici_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leksikon-vlastelicici-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Socioeconomic">socioeconomic</a> and legal terms stood below the <i>vlastela</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had military obligations, such as joining the army individually or with a group of men (soldiers), dependent on their wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petty_nobility&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landed_gentry" title="Landed gentry">Landed gentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_landed_gentry" title="Polish landed gentry">Polish landed gentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeoman" title="Yeoman">Yeoman</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petty_nobility&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Lexikonok-a-magyar-nyelv-ertelmezo-szotara-1BE8B/f-28F2F/fonemes-2C56A/,%20https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Lexikonok-a-magyar-nyelv-ertelmezo-szotara-1BE8B/f-28F2F/fonemes-2C56A/,%20http://www.arcanum.hu/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Lexikonok-a-magyar-nyelv-ertelmezo-szotara-1BE8B/f-28F2F/fonemes-2C56A/,%20https://www.arcanum.hu/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Lexikonok-a-magyar-nyelv-ertelmezo-szotara-1BE8B/f-28F2F/fonemes-2C56A/">"főnemes | A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára | Kézikönyvtár"</a>. <i>www.arcanum.com</i> (in Hungarian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.arcanum.com&rft.atitle=f%C5%91nemes+%7C+A+magyar+nyelv+%C3%A9rtelmez%C5%91+sz%C3%B3t%C3%A1ra+%7C+K%C3%A9zik%C3%B6nyvt%C3%A1r&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcanum.com%2Fhu%2Fonline-kiadvanyok%2FLexikonok-a-magyar-nyelv-ertelmezo-szotara-1BE8B%2Ff-28F2F%2Ffonemes-2C56A%2F%2C%2520https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcanum.com%2Fhu%2Fonline-kiadvanyok%2FLexikonok-a-magyar-nyelv-ertelmezo-szotara-1BE8B%2Ff-28F2F%2Ffonemes-2C56A%2F%2C%2520http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcanum.hu%2Fhu%2Fonline-kiadvanyok%2FLexikonok-a-magyar-nyelv-ertelmezo-szotara-1BE8B%2Ff-28F2F%2Ffonemes-2C56A%2F%2C%2520https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcanum.hu%2Fhu%2Fonline-kiadvanyok%2FLexikonok-a-magyar-nyelv-ertelmezo-szotara-1BE8B%2Ff-28F2F%2Ffonemes-2C56A%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetty+nobility" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lexikon.katolikus.hu/K/k%C3%B6znemess%C3%A9g.html">"köznemesség – Magyar Katolikus Lexikon"</a>. <i>lexikon.katolikus.hu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lexikon.katolikus.hu&rft.atitle=k%C3%B6znemess%C3%A9g+%E2%80%93+Magyar+Katolikus+Lexikon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flexikon.katolikus.hu%2FK%2Fk%25C3%25B6znemess%25C3%25A9g.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetty+nobility" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ebuw.uw.edu.pl/dlibra/plain-content?id=7352">Lwów i Wilno / [publ. by J. Godlewski]. (1948) nr 98</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leksikon-vlastelicici-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leksikon-vlastelicici_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leksikon-vlastelicici_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĆirkovićMihaljčić1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a href="/wiki/Sima_%C4%86irkovi%C4%87" title="Sima Ćirković">Ćirković, Sima</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rade_Mihalj%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Rade Mihaljčić">Mihaljčić, Rade</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AypYAAAAMAAJ"><bdi lang="sr">Лексикон српског средњег века</bdi></a>. Knowledge. pp. 91–92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788683233014" title="Special:BookSources/9788683233014"><bdi>9788683233014</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%B3+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.pages=91-92&rft.pub=Knowledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9788683233014&rft.aulast=%C4%86irkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Sima&rft.au=Mihalj%C4%8Di%C4%87%2C+Rade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAypYAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetty+nobility" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠarkić1996" class="citation book cs1">Šarkić, Srđan (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BxQlAQAAIAAJ"><i>Srednjovekovno srpsko pravo</i></a>. Matica srpska. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788636303696" title="Special:BookSources/9788636303696"><bdi>9788636303696</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Srednjovekovno+srpsko+pravo&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Matica+srpska&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9788636303696&rft.aulast=%C5%A0arki%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Sr%C4%91an&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBxQlAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetty+nobility" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanković1961" class="citation book cs1">Janković, Dragoslav (1961). <i>Istorija države i prava feudalne Srbije, XII-XV vek</i>. Naućna knjiga. p. 46.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Istorija+dr%C5%BEave+i+prava+feudalne+Srbije%2C+XII-XV+vek&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Nau%C4%87na+knjiga&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Jankovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Dragoslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetty+nobility" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNikola_Stijepović1954" class="citation book cs1">Nikola Stijepović (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wEw9AAAAMAAJ"><i>Srpska feudalna vojska</i></a>. p. 50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Srpska+feudalna+vojska&rft.pages=50&rft.date=1954&rft.au=Nikola+Stijepovi%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwEw9AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetty+nobility" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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