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terminivõistlus\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E!\u003C/small\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sait"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sisukord" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ajalugu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ajalugu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ajalugu</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ajalugu-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Ajalugu"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ajalugu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-0._põlvkond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#0._põlvkond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>0. põlvkond</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-0._põlvkond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1._põlvkond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1._põlvkond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1. põlvkond</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1._põlvkond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2._põlvkond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2._põlvkond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>2. põlvkond</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2._põlvkond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3_põlvkond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3_põlvkond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>3 põlvkond</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3_põlvkond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-4._põlvkond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4._põlvkond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>4. põlvkond</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4._põlvkond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Auto-gating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auto-gating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span><i>Auto-gating</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auto-gating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hüvetegur_(FOM)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hüvetegur_(FOM)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Hüvetegur (FOM)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hüvetegur_(FOM)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teised_tehnoloogiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teised_tehnoloogiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Teised tehnoloogiad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teised_tehnoloogiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Öönägemisseade</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 30 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جهاز الرؤية الليلية – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جهاز الرؤية الليلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gec%C9%99g%C3%B6rm%C9%99_cihaz%C4%B1" title="Gecəgörmə cihazı – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gecəgörmə cihazı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="রাতের অন্ধকারে দেখার যন্ত্র – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাতের অন্ধকারে দেখার যন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noktovizor" title="Noktovizor – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Noktovizor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachtsichtger%C3%A4t" title="Nachtsichtgerät – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nachtsichtgerät" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night-vision_device" title="Night-vision device – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Night-vision device" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumento_de_visi%C3%B3n_nocturna" title="Instrumento de visión nocturna – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Instrumento de visión nocturna" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noktovidilo" title="Noktovidilo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Noktovidilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A8" title="دوربین دید در شب – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوربین دید در شب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumelles_de_vision_nocturne" title="Jumelles de vision nocturne – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jumelles de vision nocturne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EA%B0%84_%ED%88%AC%EC%8B%9C%EA%B2%BD" title="야간 투시경 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="야간 투시경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94" title="אמצעי ראיית לילה – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמצעי ראיית לילה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naktinis_taikiklis" title="Naktinis taikiklis – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Naktinis taikiklis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachtzichtapparatuur" title="Nachtzichtapparatuur – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nachtzichtapparatuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E8%A6%96%E8%A3%85%E7%BD%AE" title="暗視装置 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="暗視装置" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nattoptikk" title="Nattoptikk – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nattoptikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9" title="شب بصری عینک – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شب بصری عینک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%BE%DB%90_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8D" title="شپې ليد سترگۍ – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شپې ليد سترگۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noktowizor" title="Noktowizor – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Noktowizor" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Прибор ночного видения – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Прибор ночного видения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B4_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajisja_p%C3%ABr_shikim_nat%C3%ABn" title="Pajisja për shikim natën – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pajisja për shikim natën" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naprava_za_no%C4%8Dno_gledanje" title="Naprava za nočno gledanje – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Naprava za nočno gledanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optiset_pime%C3%A4n%C3%A4k%C3%B6kiikarit" title="Optiset pimeänäkökiikarit – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Optiset pimeänäkökiikarit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bildf%C3%B6rst%C3%A4rkare" title="Bildförstärkare – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bildförstärkare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%E1%BA%BFt_b%E1%BB%8B_nh%C3%ACn_%C4%91%C3%AAm" title="Thiết bị nhìn đêm – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiết bị nhìn đêm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gece_g%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F_arac%C4%B1" title="Gece görüş aracı – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gece görüş aracı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739384">.mw-parser-output th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output td.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox~table.ambox:not(.mbox-small-left){margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-text{padding:0.25em 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox 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class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/35px-Emblem-important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/53px-Emblem-important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/70px-Emblem-important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>See artikkel</b> <b>ootab <a href="/wiki/Keeletoimetamine" title="Keeletoimetamine">keeletoimetamist</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Kui oskad, siis palun aita <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&action=edit">artiklit keeleliselt parandada</a>.</small> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Night_airdrop_(10477866893).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Night_airdrop_%2810477866893%29.jpg/220px-Night_airdrop_%2810477866893%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Night_airdrop_%2810477866893%29.jpg/330px-Night_airdrop_%2810477866893%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Night_airdrop_%2810477866893%29.jpg/440px-Night_airdrop_%2810477866893%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2397" /></a><figcaption>Öönägemisseadet kandev <a href="/wiki/Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_%C3%B5huv%C3%A4gi" title="Ameerika Ühendriikide õhuvägi">Ameerika Ühendriikide õhuväe</a> sõdur.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Öönägemisseade</b> (inglise keeles <i>night-vision device</i>; NVD) on <a href="/wiki/Optoelektroonika" title="Optoelektroonika">optoelektrooniline</a> seade, mis võimaldab näha objekte täielikule <a href="/wiki/Pimedus" title="Pimedus">pimedusele</a> lähedastes tingimustes. Öönägemisseadmed võimendavad objektilt peegeldunud valgust (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4htav_valgus" class="mw-redirect" title="Nähtav valgus">nähtav valgus</a> lainepikkusega 380 nm – 700 nm ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4hiinfrapunakiirgus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lähiinfrapunakiirgus (pole veel kirjutatud)">lähiinfrapunakiirgus</a> lainepikkusega 700 nm – 1300 nm). Seadmed, mis registreerivad objekti kiiratud <a href="/wiki/Soojuskiirgus" title="Soojuskiirgus">soojuskiirgust</a> (<a href="/wiki/Infrapunakiirgus" title="Infrapunakiirgus">infrapunakiirgus</a> lainepikkusega 3000 nm – 30 000 nm), nimetatakse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Termon%C3%A4gemisseadmed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termonägemisseadmed (pole veel kirjutatud)">termonägemisseadmeteks</a>. </p><p>Öönägemisseadmega saadud pilt on <a href="/wiki/Monokromaatsus" title="Monokromaatsus">monokromaatiline</a>, tavaliselt rohelistes toonides, sest inimese silm eristab rohelise värvi toone kõige paremini. NVD-d on enamasti militaarkasutuses, kuid neid võib leida ka tsiviilkasutuses. Termin 'öönägemisseade' hõlmab tavaliselt kogu süsteemi, kaasa arvatud <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pildiv%C3%B5imendustoru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pildivõimendustoru (pole veel kirjutatud)">pildivõimendustoru</a> (<i>IIT, I² tube, image intensifier tube</i>), kaitsev ja üldjuhul veekindel korpus ning mingit tüüpi kinnitussüsteem. Paljud NVD-d sisaldavad ka optilisi komponente, nagu näiteks <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ts" title="Lääts">läätsed</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Peeglid" class="mw-redirect" title="Peeglid">peeglid</a>. Kui NVD sisaldab infrapunavalgustit, on tegemist aktiivse seadmega, vastasel juhul passiivse seadmega. </p><p>Öönägemisseadmeid kasutati esimest korda <a href="/wiki/Teine_maailmas%C3%B5da" title="Teine maailmasõda">teises maailmasõjas</a>. Laialdaselt hakati neid kasutama <a href="/wiki/Vietnami_s%C3%B5da" title="Vietnami sõda">Vietnami sõja</a> ajal<sup id="cite_ref-yL8iP_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yL8iP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. NVD tehnoloogia on läbi aastate väga palju arenenud, seadmeid on eri hinnaklassi ja tööefektiivususega. Öönägemisseadmeid kasutatakse mitmes valdkonnas, nagu näiteks relvandus, autojuhtimine, lennundus. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ajalugu">Ajalugu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Ajalugu"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Ajalugu" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="0._põlvkond"><span id="0._p.C3.B5lvkond"></span>0. põlvkond</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "0. põlvkond"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "0. põlvkond" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:M3_Sniperscope.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/M3_Sniperscope.jpg/220px-M3_Sniperscope.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/M3_Sniperscope.jpg/330px-M3_Sniperscope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/M3_Sniperscope.jpg/440px-M3_Sniperscope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Korea_s%C3%B5da" title="Korea sõda">Korea sõja</a> ajal USA vägede relvastuses olnud öönägemisseadmega varustatud M3 optiline sihik.</figcaption></figure> <p>0. põlvkond on esimesed öönägemiseadmed. Tegemist on aktiivsete seadmetega: nad sisaldavad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrapunavalgusti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infrapunavalgusti (pole veel kirjutatud)">infrapunavalgustit</a>. See tegi need ka hästi märgatavaks vastase öönägemisseadmetele. </p><p>Esimese turule tulnud öönägemisseadme leiutas Dr. Vladimir K. Zworykin 1936. aastal ja see oli mõeldud ainult tsiviilkasutuseks. Oma kalli hinna ja suuruse tõttu polnud selle müük edukas.<sup id="cite_ref-GQN4B_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GQN4B-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-puNv2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-puNv2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Esimese militaarkasutuses oleva öönägemisseadme prototüübi konstrueeris Saksa sõjavägi 1939. aastal. Öönägemisseadmete arendus sai alguse 1936. aastal, kui <a href="/wiki/AEG" title="AEG">AEG</a> sai käsu arendada välja infrapunaöönägemisseadmed. 1943. aastal algasid esimesed <a href="/wiki/PzKpfw_V_Panther" title="PzKpfw V Panther">Pantheri</a> tankidele kinnitatud infrapunaöönägemisseadmete (<i>Nacht Jager</i>) ja teleskoopiliste kaugusmõõtjate katsetused. Pantheri tankidel kasutati kahte erinevat lahendust. </p><p>Lahendus A, Sperber FG 1250 (<i>Sparrow Hawk</i>), koosnes ühest 30 cm infrapunavalgustist (ulatusega 600 m) ja pilditeisendajast FG 1250. 1944. aasta lõpust kuni märtsini 1945 läbisid mõned Panzerkampfwagen V Panther Ausf G kinnitatud FG 1250 seadmed edukalt katsetused ning märtsist 1945 osales umbes 50 FG 1250-ga varustatud Panther Ausf G tanki sõjategevuses Ida- ja Läänerindel. </p><p>Lahendus B, keerulisem lahendus, oli "Biwa" (<i>Bildwandler</i>). Katsetused olid edukad, kuid puudub info, et need oleksid sõjas osalenud.<sup id="cite_ref-EBpw1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBpw1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paralleelselt toimus öönägemisseadmete arendus USA-s. Snaiperscope T120 oli välja arendatud 1943. aasta lõpuks. Infrapunafiltriga 6 V lambid suutsid valgustada kuni 120 m kaugusele. 1944. aastal tuli välja veidi parandatud versioon Sniperscope M1 ja 1945. aastal Sniperscope M2. Teise maailmasõja ajal valmistati umbes 1700 Sniperscope’i (T120, M1, M2) ja pärast sõda umbes 3000. </p><p>Tunduvalt parandatud infrapunaöönägemisseadmete versiooni "20000 volt Set No.1" masstootmine algas 1950. aastal. Seda võis kinnitada M1 ja M2 karabiinile ning sai nimetuse "M3 karabiin". 1950–1951 toodeti neid umbes 20 000 ja kasutati Korea sõjas. Nende nägemisulatus oli 120 m ja suurimateks puudusteks olid raskus ja patarei lühike eluiga.<sup id="cite_ref-US_NVD_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_NVD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Esimene Venemaal valmistatud öönägemisseade PAU-2 läbis katsetused 1942. aastal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1._põlvkond"><span id="1._p.C3.B5lvkond"></span>1. põlvkond</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "1. põlvkond"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "1. põlvkond" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:M16A1_PVS-2.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/M16A1_PVS-2.JPEG/220px-M16A1_PVS-2.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/M16A1_PVS-2.JPEG/330px-M16A1_PVS-2.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/M16A1_PVS-2.JPEG/440px-M16A1_PVS-2.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2010" /></a><figcaption>M16A1 vintpüss ja AN-PVS-2 Starlight Scope</figcaption></figure> <p>1. põlvkonna öönägemisseadmed on esimesed passiivsed seadmed ehk neil puudub infrapunavalgusallikas ja nad võimendavad juba olemasolevat valgust. Need kasutavad üldjoontes sama tehnoloogiat, mis 0. põlvkonna seadmed. 1. põlvkonna NVD-d võimendavad valgust kuni 1000 korda<sup id="cite_ref-NVD_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NVD-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kuid on suured, rasked ja vajavad kuuvalgust, et korralikult töötada. </p><p>USA-s hakati passiivseid süsteeme arendama 1961. aastal. 1964.aastal võeti esimesed öönägemisseadmed AN/PVS1 "Starlight Scope" kasutusele Vietnami sõjas. Seda oli võimalik kiiresti kinnitada standardsele M14 <a href="/wiki/Vintp%C3%BCss" title="Vintpüss">vintpüssile</a>, nõudmata eelnevaid modifikatsioone. 1964–1967 arendati välja pikema patarei elueaga AN-PVS-2 ning 1969. aastaks kasutati neid laialdaselt Vietnami sõjas. Neid võis kinnitada M14 ja M16 vintpüssile.<sup id="cite_ref-US_NVD_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_NVD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2._põlvkond"><span id="2._p.C3.B5lvkond"></span>2. põlvkond</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "2. põlvkond"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "2. põlvkond" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:AN-PVS-5C-Cut_image.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/AN-PVS-5C-Cut_image.jpg/220px-AN-PVS-5C-Cut_image.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/AN-PVS-5C-Cut_image.jpg/330px-AN-PVS-5C-Cut_image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/AN-PVS-5C-Cut_image.jpg/440px-AN-PVS-5C-Cut_image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="1047" /></a><figcaption>lõige AN/PVS-5, mis näitab öönägemisseadme komponente. Seadet valmistati 2. põlvkonnas (5A kuni 5C) ja 3. põlvkonnas (5D)</figcaption></figure> <p>2. põlvkonna seadmetes hakati kasutama <a href="/wiki/Fotokordisti" title="Fotokordisti">fotokordistit</a> (MCP, <i>micro-channel plate</i>), mis andis tulemuseks palju erksama pildi. See võimaldas hakata NVD-d kasutama ka väga vähese valgustusega keskkonnas, näiteks pilvisel ööl. Seade võimendab valgust umbes 20 000 korda. Samuti paranes pildi <a href="/wiki/Resolutsioon" class="mw-disambig" title="Resolutsioon">resolutsioon</a> ja seadme töökindlus.<sup id="cite_ref-NVD_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NVD-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3_põlvkond"><span id="3_p.C3.B5lvkond"></span>3 põlvkond</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "3 põlvkond"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "3 põlvkond" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>3. põlvkond kasutas sama tehnoloogiat nagu 2. põlvkond (<a href="/wiki/Fotokordisti" title="Fotokordisti">fotokordisti</a>), kuid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotokatood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotokatood (pole veel kirjutatud)">fotokatood</a> oli nüüd tehtud <a href="/wiki/Galliumarseniid" title="Galliumarseniid">galliumarseniidist</a> (GaAs), mis andis veelgi selgema pildi. Lisaks sellele oli fotokordisti kaetud õhukese <a href="/wiki/Dielektrik" title="Dielektrik">dielektriku</a> kihiga (<i>ion barrier</i>), pikendades <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pildiv%C3%B5imendustoru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pildivõimendustoru (pole veel kirjutatud)">pildivõimendustoru</a> eluiga, kuid kahjuks takistades ka <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektronide</a> läbiminekut, vähendades nii galliumarseniidist fotokatoodi saavutatud täiustust. Selle tõttu on ka <a href="/wiki/Halo" title="Halo">halo</a> nähtused heledate laikude ümber suuremad. Seade võimendab valgust 30 000 – 500 000 korda. 3. põlvkonna seade nõuab tööks rohkem energiat kui 2. põlvkonna seade.<sup id="cite_ref-NVD_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NVD-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4._põlvkond"><span id="4._p.C3.B5lvkond"></span>4. põlvkond</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "4. põlvkond"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "4. põlvkond" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Image_intensifier_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Image_intensifier_diagram.png/220px-Image_intensifier_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Image_intensifier_diagram.png/330px-Image_intensifier_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Image_intensifier_diagram.png/440px-Image_intensifier_diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="847" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption>2., 3. ja 4. põlvkonna seadmed kasutavad fotokordistit. Footonid nõrgalt valgustatud allikast sisenevad objektiivi läätse (vasakul) ja põrkuvad fotokatoodiga (hall plaat). Fotokatoodist vabanevad elektronid, mis kiirendatakse kõrgema pingega fotokordistile (punane). Iga elektron sunnib fotokordistist väljuma mitu elektroni, mis tõmmatakse fosforekraanile (roheline). Elektronide tõttu, mis tabavad fosforekraani, tekivad footonid, mida on võimalik näha läbi okulaari</figcaption></figure> <p>USA armee NVESD (<i>Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate</i>) on juhtorgan, mis dikteerib öönägemisseadmete tehnoloogia generatsiooni nime. Kuigi 3. põlvkonna OMNI-VI-VII töövõime on märkimisväärselt paranenud, pole USA armee volitanud nime 4. põlvkond kasutamise. Kuigi see on ikkagi laialdaselt tuntud 4. põlvkonna nime all. </p><p>4. põlvkonna seadmed erinevad standardsest 3. põlvkonnast mitmel moel. Esiteks pinge fotokatoodil on automaatselt reguleeritav, mistõttu NVD reageerib silmapilkselt valgustingimuste muutustele. Teiseks, dielektrikust iooni barjäär puudub või on tunduvalt õhenenud, mille tõttu on vähem müra. Selle puuduseks on pildivõimendustoru tunduvalt lühenenud eluiga. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auto-gating"><i>Auto-gating</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Auto-gating"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Auto-gating" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ATG funktsioon seisneb selles, et öönägemisseadmete valgusvõimendus sõltub keskkonna valgustingimustest. Seega on seadet kõige sobivam kasutada muutliku valgustusega tingimustes. ATG muudab väga kiiresti fotokatoodil olevat pinget, mis tagab seadme optimaalse toimimise, vähendades võimalikke kahjustusi pildivõimendustorule (<i>I² tube</i>) ja kaitstes kasutajat nägemishäirete eest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hüvetegur_(FOM)"><span id="H.C3.BCvetegur_.28FOM.29"></span>Hüvetegur (FOM)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Hüvetegur (FOM)"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Hüvetegur (FOM)" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2001. aastal otsustas USA valitsus, et termin 'põlvkond' (<i>Generation</i>) ei kirjelda öönägemisseadme terviklikku töövõimet piisavalt hästi, välistades termini ekspordi regulatsioonidest ja tuginedes hoopis välja arvutatud hüvetegurile (FOM,<i>figure of merit</i>). USA-s tehtud öönägemisseadmeid, mille hüvetegur on kõrgem kui 1400, ei tohi eksportida väljapoole USA-d.<sup id="cite_ref-Q3WRi_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Q3WRi-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teised_tehnoloogiad">Teised tehnoloogiad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Teised tehnoloogiad"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Teised tehnoloogiad" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Night_vision_goggles_experimental.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Night_vision_goggles_experimental.jpg/220px-Night_vision_goggles_experimental.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Night_vision_goggles_experimental.jpg/330px-Night_vision_goggles_experimental.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Night_vision_goggles_experimental.jpg/440px-Night_vision_goggles_experimental.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1993" /></a><figcaption>panoraamilise öönägemisseadme katsetused 2006. aastal</figcaption></figure> <p>USA õhujõud on katsetanud panoraamilisi öönägemisseadmeid (PNVG, <i>panoramic night vision goggle</i>), mis kahekordistavad kasutaja vaatevälja 95 kraadini. Need koosnevad standardse kahe 18mm toru asemel neljast 16mm torust.<sup id="cite_ref-z73Jy_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z73Jy-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AN/PSQ-20 (tuntud ka kui ENVG, <i>Enhanced Night Vision Goggle</i>) on hübriidseade, mis ühendab termonägemisseadme valguse võimendusega. Nagu ka Northrop Grumman Fused Multispectral Weapon Sight.<sup id="cite_ref-DVVrz_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DVVrz-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2012. aastal tutvustati uut tehnoloogiat nimetusega Ceramic Optical Ruggedized Engine (CORE), mis on kõrgema töövõimekusega 1. põlvkonna öönägemisseade. Suurim erinevus 1. põlvkonna ja CORE vahel on see, et klaasi asemel kasutatakse keraamikat, mis on valmistatud erilise keraamilise ühendi ja metallisulami segust. Servamoonutus on paranenud, valgustundlikkus suurenenud ning <a href="/wiki/Lahutusv%C3%B5ime" title="Lahutusvõime">lahutusvõime</a> võib olla kuni 60 lp/mm. CORE on siiski 1. põlvkonna seade, sest ei kasuta fotokordistit.<sup id="cite_ref-wdG4U_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdG4U-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Michigani_%C3%BClikool" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigani ülikool">Michigani ülikooli</a> teadlased on välja arendanud <a href="/wiki/Kontaktl%C3%A4%C3%A4tsed" title="Kontaktläätsed">kontaktläätsed</a>, mida võib kasutada öönägemisseadmena. Läätses on kahe klaasikihi vahel õhuke <a href="/wiki/Grafeen" title="Grafeen">grafeeniriba</a>, mis reageerib footonitele ja muudab tumedad kujutised heledamaks. Praegused prototüübid neelavad ainult 2,3% valgusest. See protsent peab suurenema, et läätsed oleksid rakendatavad. Grafeeni tehnoloogiat võidakse kasutada ka mujal, näiteks auto esiklaasides.<sup id="cite_ref-f2BgE_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f2BgE-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade&action=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6724296">.mw-parser-output table.side-box{margin:4px 0;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output th.side-box-text,.mw-parser-output td.side-box-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.side-box a>img{max-width:none!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-left{margin-right:1em;border-collapse:collapse}}</style><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Pildid, videod ja helifailid Commonsis: <b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Night_vision_devices?uselang=et">Öönägemisseade</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-yL8iP-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-yL8iP_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeff Tyson. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/high-tech-gadgets/nightvision4.htm">How Night Vision Works</a>". <a href="/w/index.php?title=HowStuffWorks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HowStuffWorks (pole veel kirjutatud)">HowStuffWorks</a>. Retrieved 2011-03-01</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GQN4B-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GQN4B_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160318212610/http://pabook2.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Zworykin__Vladimir.html">"Pennsylvania State University Zworykin, Vladimir biographical sketch"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pabook2.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Zworykin__Vladimir.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 18. märts 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 29. mail 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pennsylvania+State+University+Zworykin%2C+Vladimir+biographical+sketch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpabook2.libraries.psu.edu%2Fpalitmap%2Fbios%2FZworykin__Vladimir.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-puNv2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-puNv2_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ee/books?id=fCYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA33&dq=Popular+Science+1933+plane+%22Popular+Science%22&hl=en&ei=pppoTZqaIoet8AaMw4y7Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=true">"Black-Light Telescope Sees In The Dark"</a> Popular Science Monthly March 1936</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EBpw1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EBpw1_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140218121146/http://www.achtungpanzer.com/german-infrared-night-vision-devices-infrarot-scheinwerfer.htm">"Achtung Panzer! – German Infrared Night-Vision Devices!"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.achtungpanzer.com/german-infrared-night-vision-devices-infrarot-scheinwerfer.htm">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 18. veebruar 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 29. mail 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Achtung+Panzer%21+%E2%80%93+German+Infrared+Night-Vision+Devices%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.achtungpanzer.com%2Fgerman-infrared-night-vision-devices-infrarot-scheinwerfer.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_NVD-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-US_NVD_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-US_NVD_5-1">5,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ugca.org/07jan/night.htm">"Fight at Night" US Army Night Vision 1945–1980</a>, Utah Gun Collectors Association</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NVD-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NVD_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NVD_6-1">6,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NVD_6-2">6,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/nvg.htm">Night Vision Goggles (NVG)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Q3WRi-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Q3WRi_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">. Jeffrey P. Bialos; Stuart L. Koehl (September 2005). "The NATO Response Force" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121201194154/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA450219">PDF</a>). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Defense_University">National Defense University</a>. Retrieved 2011-03-01.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-z73Jy-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-z73Jy_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.military.com/soldiertech/0,14632,Soldiertech_PNVG,,00.html">FOUR-EYES: Air Force Spec Ops Get Panoramic Night Vision</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DVVrz-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DVVrz_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defensetech.org/archives/003732.html">Defense Tech: Army Optic Combines Heat, Light for Better Sight</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wdG4U-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wdG4U_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604014656/http://www.armasight.com/night-vision/night-vision-monoculars/armasight-spark-core">"ARMASAIGHT Spark CORE"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armasight.com/night-vision/night-vision-monoculars/armasight-spark-core">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 4. juuni 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 29. mail 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ARMASAIGHT+Spark+CORE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armasight.com%2Fnight-vision%2Fnight-vision-monoculars%2Farmasight-spark-core&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%96%C3%B6n%C3%A4gemisseade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f2BgE-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-f2BgE_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://defensetech.org/2014/03/28/">Scientists Develop Night Vision Contact Lens</a> – Defensetech.org, 28 March 2014</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Öönägemisseade&oldid=6399264">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Öönägemisseade&oldid=6399264</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooriad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Optilised_instrumendid" title="Kategooria:Optilised instrumendid">Optilised instrumendid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Tarbeelektroonika" title="Kategooria:Tarbeelektroonika">Tarbeelektroonika</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist_ootavad" title="Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist ootavad">Keeletoimetamist ootavad</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 11:02, 11. mai 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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