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<div class="user-welcome"></div> <div class="login-form-wrapper-mobile"> <div class="login-form"> <div class="btn btn-sm btn-primary keep-label-space-top"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-user"></i> Mon Compte </div> </div> </div> <div id="ad_topslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div class="d-lg-none text-center mb-3"> <a href="/abonnement" title="Je m'abonne" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Top (mobile)"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/1/6/csm_banner-cta_4de68c3a6b.webp" width="728" height="90" alt="Abonnez-vous 脿 Universalis pour 1 euro" class="img-max shadow-sm"/> </a> </div> <div class="row"> <div id="main-content" class="col-lg-8 col-xl-9 pb-4"> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>MIRABEAU </strong><span class="pc">HONOR脡 GABRIEL </span><span class="rm">RIQUETTI comte de (1749-1791)</span> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="content whole type-biographie" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT312708_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT312708_0"></i><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="media-container float-md-start me-2 col-md-3 text-center"><figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"><a data-ucode="PH122024" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="M茅dia : Honor茅 Gabriel de Mirabeau" href="/media/honore-gabriel-de-mirabeau-ph122024/"><img id="PH122024" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/6/c/csm_ph122024_6065016f14.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Honor茅 Gabriel de Mirabeau - cr茅dits : G. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images" data-description="Le comte de Mirabeau est l'une des grandes figures de l'Assembl茅e constituante. Joseph Boze, Honor茅 Gabriel de Mirabeau Riqueti, 1846. Huile sur toile. Mus茅e Granet, Aix-en-Provence (France)." data-copyright="G. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images" width="625" height="1024" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption"><p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Honor茅 Gabriel de Mirabeau </p><p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> G. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images </p></figcaption></figure></div><p> 芦聽Ne vous effrayez pas聽禄 dit-on 脿 son p猫re le marquis, avant de lui montrer l'h茅ritier de son nom, fort vigoureux mais affreux de visage. Sans illusions, le marquis 茅crivait 脿 son fr猫re le bailli聽: 芦聽Ton neveu est celui de Satan.聽禄 Une petite v茅role mal soign茅e acheva de donner 脿 Mirabeau un physique effrayant聽; il dira lui-m锚me聽: 芦聽Quand je secoue ma terrible hure, il n'y a personne qui os芒t m'interrompre.聽禄脌 quinze ans, il est 芦聽gauche dans ses mani猫res, disgracieux dans sa tournure, sale dans ses v锚tements聽禄聽; il aime parler, mais agace par son ton tranchant et sa suffisance. Il a 芦聽l'air d'un paysan聽禄. Dans un si猫cle o霉 les apparences sont tout, le comte de Mirabeau est d茅j脿 un d茅class茅聽: on ne reconna卯t pas en lui le gentilhomme. Entr茅 au service, en 1767, dans un r茅giment cantonn茅脿 Saintes, il fait scandale聽: dettes de jeu, promesse de mariage 脿 une fille du peuple s茅duite, brouille avec son colonel, d茅sertion enfin. On l'enferme six mois dans la citadelle de l'卯le de R茅. Mais Mirabeau ne perdra plus jamais ses go没ts de jeune d茅bauch茅聽: inconduite sans gr芒ce, ni choix, ni d茅licatesse, exc猫s de table et de boisson, d茅penses effr茅n茅es malgr茅 ses dettes criardes. Capitaine de dragons en 1771, il quitte l'arm茅e, 茅pouse apr猫s une vilaine intrigue une h茅riti猫re proven莽ale et s'茅tablit au ch芒teau de Mirabeau聽: quinze mois apr猫s, menac茅 de contrainte par corps, une lettre de cachet l'en met 脿 couvert. Tout au long de sa vie, l'arbitraire royal 茅vitera 脿 Mirabeau les condamnations r茅guli猫res. Assign茅脿 r茅sidence 脿 Mirabeau m锚me, il est cependant interdit comme prodigue et le restera jusqu'脿 sa mort. Mais il prolonge ses frasques聽: en 1774, 脿 Vence, o霉 il est all茅 voir une de ses s艙urs avec laquelle ses relations sont au moins 茅quivoques, il se bat aux poings contre un gentilhomme du lieu. Condamn茅脿 un bl芒me, peine symbolique mais infamante, il est derechef enferm茅 par lettre de cachet au ch芒teau d'If puis au fort de Joux, en Franche-Comt茅. Il profite d'un r茅gime adouci pour s茅duire Sophie de Ruffey, jeune femme de vingt et un ans mari茅e au sexag茅naire marquis de Monnier. C'est un roman d'amour et une odyss茅e聽: les deux amants fuient 脿 Amsterdam en 1775. Rattrap茅 en 1777, Mirabeau, condamn茅脿 mort par contumace, est emprisonn茅脿 Vincennes par lettre de cachet tandis que Sophie est mise au couvent. Suivent trois ann茅es de d茅tention. Mirabeau lit et 茅crit. En 1775, au ch芒teau d'If, il avait compos茅 un <em>Essai sur le despotisme</em> inspir茅 de Rousseau聽; 脿 Vincennes, il est 茅clectique, s'essaye 脿 tous les genres, depuis un pamphlet contre les lettres de cachet jusqu'脿 l'<em>Erotika Biblion</em>. Sa m茅thode de travail se fixe alors et ne variera plus. Il n'a pas grande imagination 脿 partir de rien聽; il exprime difficilement sa propre pens茅e surtout par 茅crit. Mais son esprit agile tire ais茅ment parti du travail d'autrui, le modifie, y met sa marque, se l'approprie. C'est son talent. D'o霉 la n茅cessit茅 de plagier ou d'avoir des collaborateurs聽: apr猫s 1789, Mirabeau disposera d'un v茅ritable atelier d'auteurs 脿 son service. Il ne sera jamais un v茅ritable 茅crivain ni un vrai orateur聽; ce sera toujours un litt茅rateur, un parleur. Son p猫re le d茅peignait tr猫s t么t comme 芦聽la pie des beaux esprits et le geai des carrefours聽禄. Sorti de Vincennes, Mirabeau participe aux scandaleuses disputes familiales puis, prestement r茅habilit茅 par les juges franc-comtois, il va plaider lui-m锚me, 脿 Aix-en-Provence, contre sa femme qui obtient, malgr茅 lui, un jugement de s茅paration. L'茅loquence de l'avocat improvis茅 est remarqu茅e, mais Mirabeau est tout 脿 fait discr茅dit茅. Pour vivre, il se fait journaliste financier avec un succ猫s m茅diocre聽: il est 芦聽脿 la solde de l'agio聽禄, selon son p猫re聽; pour Grimm, qui d茅nonce sa v茅nalit茅, c'est 芦聽l'Ar茅tin moderne聽禄.<a href="javascript:" title="Lire la suite" class="read-more ms-1">[...]</a></p></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonn茅s</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus vari茅s, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les 茅crans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicit茅</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">D茅couvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> D茅j脿 abonn茅 ? 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Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images" data-description="Le comte de Mirabeau est l'une des grandes figures de l'Assembl茅e constituante. Joseph Boze, Honor茅 Gabriel de Mirabeau Riqueti, 1846. Huile sur toile. Mus茅e Granet, Aix-en-Provence (France)." data-copyright="G. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images" width="625" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Honor茅 Gabriel de Mirabeau </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> G. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT312708_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres r茅f茅rences</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/chamfort/#c5986"> <span class="rg">CHAMFORT </span><span class="rm">(1741-1794)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">脡crit par <span rel="author">Jeannine ETIEMBLE</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 806 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...despotisme, l'aristocratie, leurs partisans. Moi, c'est un autre聽; un autre, c'est moi聽: voil脿 le r茅gime populaire et ses partisans. Apr猫s cela, d茅cidez.聽禄 Entre autres choses, il avait d茅cid茅, lui, d'茅crire pour Mirabeau le <em>Discours contre les acad茅mies</em>聽; c'est dire l'homme et le citoyen qu'il 茅tait.... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/france-histoire-et-institutions-le-temps-des-revolutions/#c5986"> <span class="rg">FRANCE </span><span class="rm">(Histoire et institutions) - Le temps des révolutions</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">脡crit par <span rel="author">Sylvain VENAYRE</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">6 926 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">8 m茅dias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : FRANCE (Histoire et institutions) - Le temps des r&eacute;volutions" href="/encyclopedie/france-histoire-et-institutions-le-temps-des-revolutions/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Le Front populaire - cr茅dits : Keystone/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/4/d/csm_ph997845_244c5ac91f.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...Constitutions de la France, celle de 1791, qui distinguait entre les citoyens 芦聽actifs聽禄 et 芦聽passifs聽禄, les premiers, seuls, disposant du droit de vote. Parmi les visages qui incarn猫rent ce premier moment de la R茅volution, retenons celui, gr锚l茅, de Mirabeau, dont les r茅volutionnaires firent entrer les cendres,... </div> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous 脿 Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_f303c484f7.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous 脿 Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous 脿 notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous 脿 Universalis pour 1 euro">Acc茅dez 脿 l'int茅gralit茅 d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicit茅</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclop忙dia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclop忙dia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions l茅gales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions l茅gales et politique de confidentialit茅</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions g茅n茅rales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item d-none d-md-inline-block"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclop忙dia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire de l'Encyclop忙dia Universalis </a> </p> <p class="mb-3">漏 2024 Encyclop忙dia Universalis France. 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