FINMA’s supervisory practice

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width="412" height="94" /> </a> </div> </div> <nav class="g-row l-nav js-l-nav"> <div class="mod mod-nav-main" data-page="home"> <ul class="nav-main-list js-nav-main-list" role="navigation"> <a href="#navigation" name="navigation" accesskey="1" title="Menu 1"></a> <li class="main-list-item js-main-list-item" role="presentation" aria-haspopup="true"> <h2 class="main-list-link js-main-list-link">Authorisation</h2> <ul class="main-flyout js-main-flyout" role="menu" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="g-row" role="presentation"> <div class="g-cell s-1of3 flyout-column-left"> <div class="flyout-column-left-wrap e-text"> <div class="flyout-column-left-title">Authorised or registered institutions, persons and products</div> <div class="flyout-column-text-box"> <div class="text-image pull-left"> <img src="/~/media/finma/images/menuicons/finma_icon_bewilligung.png?h=64&iar=0&w=64&hash=C59AF4AB210953925B44A1CBEDE5FD8F" alt="Authorisation icon" width="64" height="64" /> </div> <div class="flyout-column-text">These companies, persons and products have a licence and are permitted to operate on the financial market.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="g-cell s-1of3 flyout-column-center"> <div class="flyout-column-center-wrap"> <span class="flyout-column-title">Getting authorised</span> <ul class="flyout-column-list" role="menu"> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/authorisation/authorisation-overview/" title="Authorisation" role="menuitem">Authorisation</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/authorisation/types-of-licensing/" title="Types of authorisation" role="menuitem">Types of authorisation</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/authorisation/banks-and-securities-firms/" title="Banks and securities firms" role="menuitem">Banks and securities firms</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/authorisation/insurers/" title="Insurers" role="menuitem">Insurers</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/authorisation/insurance-intermediaries/" title="Insurance intermediaries" role="menuitem">Insurance intermediaries</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/authorisation/asset-management/" title="Asset management" role="menuitem">Asset management</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/authorisation/portfolio-managers-and-trustees/" title="Portfolio managers and trustees" role="menuitem">Portfolio managers and trustees</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/authorisation/supervisory-organisations/" title="Supervisory organisations" role="menuitem">Supervisory organisations</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/authorisation/vertretungen-auslaendischer-finanzinstitute-gemaess-finig/" title="Representative offices of financial institutions based outside Switzerland under FinIA" role="menuitem">Representative offices of financial institutions based outside Switzerland under FinIA</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/authorisation/self-regulatory-organisations-sros/" title="Self-regulatory organisations (SROs)" role="menuitem">Self-regulatory organisations (SROs)</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/authorisation/financial-market-infrastructures-and-foreign-market-participants/" title="Financial market infrastructures and foreign market participants" role="menuitem">Financial market infrastructures and foreign market participants</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/authorisation/rating-agencies/" title="Rating agencies" role="menuitem">Rating agencies</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/authorisation/registrierungsstelle/" title="Registration body" role="menuitem">Registration body</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/authorisation/ombudsmen-for-financial-service-providers/" title="Ombudsmen for financial service providers" role="menuitem">Ombudsmen for financial service providers</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/authorisation/pruefstelle-fuer-prospekte/" title="Reviewing body for prospectuses" role="menuitem">Reviewing body for prospectuses</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/authorisation/fintech/" title="FinTech" role="menuitem">FinTech</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="g-cell s-1of3 flyout-column-right"> <div class="flyout-column-right-wrap"> <a class="flyout-column-link" href="/en/finma-public/authorised-institutions-individuals-and-products/">Authorised or registered institutions, persons and products</a> <div class="flyout-column-text">These companies, persons and products have a licence and are permitted to operate on the financial market.</div> <a class="flyout-column-link" href="/en/finma-public/warnungen/">Warning list</a> <div class="flyout-column-text">These companies are not authorised and may be engaging in financial market activity without the requisite licence.</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-list-item js-main-list-item" role="presentation" aria-haspopup="true"> <h2 class="main-list-link js-main-list-link">Supervision</h2> <ul class="main-flyout js-main-flyout" role="menu" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="g-row" role="presentation"> <div class="g-cell s-1of3 flyout-column-left"> <div class="flyout-column-left-wrap e-text"> <a class="flyout-column-link" href="/en/supervision/our-approach-to-supervision/">Our approach to supervision</a> <div class="flyout-column-text-box"> <div class="text-image pull-left"> <img src="/~/media/finma/images/menuicons/finma_icon_ueberwachung.png?h=64&iar=0&w=64&hash=EBB252A54B6BD7EA0CDB0475CA196855" alt="Supervision icon" width="64" height="64" /> </div> <div class="flyout-column-text">FINMA’s core task is prudential supervision of the financial market. It also uses private audit companies to extend its reach.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="g-cell s-1of3 flyout-column-center"> <div class="flyout-column-center-wrap"> <span class="flyout-column-title">Information about supervision of…</span> <ul class="flyout-column-list" role="menu"> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/supervision/our-approach-to-supervision/" title="Our approach to supervision" role="menuitem">Our approach to supervision</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/supervision/cross-sector-issues/" title="Cross-sector issues" role="menuitem">Cross-sector issues</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/supervision/banks-and-securities-firms/" title="Banks and securities firms" role="menuitem">Banks and securities firms</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/supervision/insurers/" title="Insurers" role="menuitem">Insurers</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/supervision/versicherungsvermittler/" title="Insurance intermediaries" role="menuitem">Insurance intermediaries</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/supervision/asset-management/" title="Asset Management" role="menuitem">Asset Management</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/supervision/portfolio-managers-and-trustees/" title="Portfolio managers and trustees" role="menuitem">Portfolio managers and trustees</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/supervision/supervisory-organisations/" title="Supervisory organisations" role="menuitem">Supervisory organisations</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/supervision/self-regulatory-organisations-sros/" title="Self-regulatory organisations (SROs)" role="menuitem">Self-regulatory organisations (SROs)</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/supervision/financial-market-infrastructures/" title="Financial market infrastructures" role="menuitem">Financial market infrastructures</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/supervision/central-mortgage-bond-institutions/" title="Central mortgage bond institutions" role="menuitem">Central mortgage bond institutions</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/supervision/fintech/" title="FinTech" role="menuitem">FinTech</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="g-cell s-1of3 flyout-column-right"> <div class="flyout-column-right-wrap"> <a class="flyout-column-link" href="/en/supervision/banks-and-securities-firms/categorisation/">Risk categories in the banking sector</a> <div class="flyout-column-text">FINMA assigns banks to different risk categories.</div> <a class="flyout-column-link" href="/en/supervision/insurers/categorisation/">Risk categories in the insurance sector</a> <div class="flyout-column-text">FINMA assigns insurers to different risk categories.</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-list-item js-main-list-item" role="presentation" aria-haspopup="true"> <h2 class="main-list-link js-main-list-link">Enforcement</h2> <ul class="main-flyout js-main-flyout" role="menu" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="g-row" role="presentation"> <div class="g-cell s-1of3 flyout-column-left"> <div class="flyout-column-left-wrap e-text"> <a class="flyout-column-link" href="/en/enforcement/all-about-enforcement/">Enforcing supervisory law</a> <div class="flyout-column-text-box"> <div class="text-image pull-left"> <img src="/~/media/finma/images/menuicons/finma_icon_durchsetzung.png?h=64&iar=0&w=64&hash=DD5B067C17728DE511F0D115D366BC67" alt="Enforcement icon" width="64" height="64" /> </div> <div class="flyout-column-text"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">Where necessary, FINMA enforces supervisory law using coercive measures under administrative law. Find out about its powers, approach and measures for dealing with violations of the law here.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="g-cell s-1of3 flyout-column-center"> <div class="flyout-column-center-wrap"> <span class="flyout-column-title">Enforcement topics</span> <ul class="flyout-column-list" role="menu"> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/enforcement/all-about-enforcement/" title="All about Enforcement" role="menuitem">All about Enforcement</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/enforcement/licence-holders/" title="Licence holders" role="menuitem">Licence holders</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/enforcement/unauthorised-activities/" title="Unauthorised activities" role="menuitem">Unauthorised activities</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/enforcement/market-supervision/" title="Market supervision" role="menuitem">Market supervision</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/enforcement/enforcement-tools/" title="Enforcement tools" role="menuitem">Enforcement tools</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/enforcement/database-for-assessing-fitness-and-propriety-requirements/" title="Database for assessing fitness and propriety requirements" role="menuitem">Database for assessing fitness and propriety requirements</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/enforcement/recovery-and-resolution/" title="Recovery and resolution" role="menuitem">Recovery and resolution</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/enforcement/national-and-international-cooperation/" title="National and international cooperation" role="menuitem">National and international cooperation</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/enforcement/parties-rights-and-obligations/" title="Rights and obligations" role="menuitem">Rights and obligations</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/enforcement/case-reports-and-court-decisions/" title="Case reports and court decisions" role="menuitem">Case reports and court decisions</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="g-cell s-1of3 flyout-column-right"> <div class="flyout-column-right-wrap"> <a class="flyout-column-link" href="/en/documentation/finma-publications/kennzahlen-und-statistiken/statistiken/enforcement/">Enforcement report</a> <div class="flyout-column-text">The enforcement report contains anonymised case studies that offer a more in-depth insight into FINMA’s enforcement activities.</div> <a class="flyout-column-link" href="/en/finma-public/warnungen/">Warning list</a> <div class="flyout-column-text">This is a list of companies and individuals that may be operating without the requisite FINMA authorisation.</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-list-item js-main-list-item" role="presentation" aria-haspopup="true"> <h2 class="main-list-link js-main-list-link state-active">Documentation</h2> <ul class="main-flyout js-main-flyout" role="menu" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="g-row" role="presentation"> <div class="g-cell s-1of3 flyout-column-left"> <div class="flyout-column-left-wrap e-text"> <a class="flyout-column-link" href="/en/documentation/finma-s-legal-basis/">FINMA’s legal basis</a> <div class="flyout-column-text-box"> <div class="text-image pull-left"> <img src="/~/media/finma/images/menuicons/finma_icon_dokumentation.png?h=64&iar=0&w=64&hash=42C3971FE452D2643DEB60C25197EEC0" alt="Documentation icon" width="64" height="64" /> </div> <div class="flyout-column-text">The financial market laws and the Financial Market Supervision Act provide the basis for FINMA’s activities. FINMA reports in detail on the fulfilment of its aims.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="g-cell s-1of3 flyout-column-center"> <div class="flyout-column-center-wrap"> <span class="flyout-column-title">Information on…</span> <ul class="flyout-column-list" role="menu"> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/documentation/finma-s-legal-basis/" title="Legal basis for FINMA’s activities" role="menuitem">Legal basis for FINMA’s activities</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/documentation/legal-basis/" title="Legal basis" role="menuitem">Legal basis</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/documentation/circulars/" title="Circulars" role="menuitem">Circulars</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/documentation/consultations/" title="Consultations and evaluations" role="menuitem">Consultations and evaluations</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/documentation/finma-s-position/" title="FINMA position statements" role="menuitem">FINMA position statements</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/documentation/finma-guidance/" title="FINMA Guidance" role="menuitem">FINMA Guidance</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/documentation/finma-publications/" title="FINMA publications" role="menuitem">FINMA publications</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/documentation/finma-videos/" title="FINMA videos" role="menuitem">FINMA videos</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/documentation/dossier/" title="Dossiers" role="menuitem">Dossiers</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/documentation/enforcement-reporting/" title="Enforcement reporting" role="menuitem">Enforcement reporting</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/documentation/insurance-law-rulings/" title="Insurance law rulings" role="menuitem">Insurance law rulings</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/documentation/self-regulation/" title="Self-regulation" role="menuitem">Self-regulation</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/documentation/international-sanctions-and-combating-terrorism/" title="Sanctions and FATF statements" role="menuitem">Sanctions and FATF statements</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/documentation/archiv/" title="Archive" role="menuitem">Archive</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="g-cell s-1of3 flyout-column-right"> <div class="flyout-column-right-wrap"> <a class="flyout-column-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/20052624/index.html">Financial Market Supervision Act</a> <div class="flyout-column-text">The legal basis for FINMA as an authority, setting out its tasks and powers.</div> <a class="flyout-column-link" href="/en/documentation/finma-publications/annual-reports--and-financial-statements/">Annual report and financial statements</a> <div class="flyout-column-text">FINMA gives a full account of its activities in its annual report.</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-list-item js-main-list-item" role="presentation" aria-haspopup="true"> <h2 class="main-list-link js-main-list-link">FINMA</h2> <ul class="main-flyout js-main-flyout" role="menu" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="g-row" role="presentation"> <div class="g-cell s-1of3 flyout-column-left"> <div class="flyout-column-left-wrap e-text"> <a class="flyout-column-link" href="/en/finma/finma-an-overview/">FINMA – an overview</a> <div class="flyout-column-text-box"> <div class="text-image pull-left"> <img src="/~/media/finma/images/menuicons/finma_icon_behoerde.png?h=64&iar=0&w=64&hash=ED57AB81A75632D24584A132CD7D6DE6" alt="FINMA icon" width="64" height="64" /> </div> <div class="flyout-column-text">As an independent supervisor of the Swiss financial market, FINMA is institutionally, functionally and financially independent.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="g-cell s-1of3 flyout-column-center"> <div class="flyout-column-center-wrap"> <span class="flyout-column-title"></span> <ul class="flyout-column-list" role="menu"> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/finma/finma-an-overview/" title="FINMA – an overview " role="menuitem">FINMA – an overview </a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/finma/supervisory-objectives/" title="Supervisory objectives" role="menuitem">Supervisory objectives</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/finma/organisation/" title="Organisation" role="menuitem">Organisation</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/finma/working-at-finma/" title="Working at FINMA" role="menuitem">Working at FINMA</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/finma/activities/" title="Activities" role="menuitem">Activities</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/finma/auditing/" title="Auditing" role="menuitem">Auditing</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/finma/finma-mandataries/" title="FINMA mandataries" role="menuitem">FINMA mandataries</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/finma/national-cooperation/" title="National cooperation" role="menuitem">National cooperation</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/finma/international-activities/" title="International activities" role="menuitem">International activities</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/finma/digital-exchange/" title="Digital exchange" role="menuitem">Digital exchange</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="/en/finma/making-a-report/" title="Making a report" role="menuitem">Making a report</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="g-cell s-1of3 flyout-column-right"> <div class="flyout-column-right-wrap"> <a class="flyout-column-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/~/media/finma/dokumente/dokumentencenter/myfinma/6finmapublic/finma-ein-portraet.pdf?sc_lang=en&hash=0CADEB898C65A2CEAF6A410126A5190A">FINMA: A Portrait</a> <div class="flyout-column-text"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span>Supervision of the financial sector calls for a strong, competent, independent regulator. 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