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id="post-61965" class="post-61965 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-adviezen category-algemeen category-correctheid-en-betekenis category-spelling category-symbolen category-woordgebruik" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <div class="post-entry"> <h1 class="entry-title post-title responsive" itemprop="headline">Wel of geen spaties voor en na leestekens en symbolen (algemeen)</h1> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="entry-author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"> <span class="author vcard"> <a class="url fn n" href="https://taaladvies.net/author/beheerder/" aria-label="Bekijk alle berichten van beheerder" title="Bekijk alle berichten van beheerder" itemprop="url"> <i class="icon-user"></i> <span itemprop="name">beheerder</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class="entry-date"> Geplaatst op <i class="icon-calendar" aria-hidden="true"></i><span></span><span class="meta-prep meta-prep-author posted" itemprop="datePublished"><a href="https://taaladvies.net/wel-of-geen-spaties-voor-en-na-leestekens-en-symbolen-algemeen/" aria-label="Wel of geen spaties voor en na leestekens en symbolen (algemeen)" title="Wel of geen spaties voor en na leestekens en symbolen (algemeen)" rel="bookmark"><time class="timestamp updated" datetime="2021-05-12T00:00:00+01:00" itemprop="dateModified">12 mei 2021</time></a></span> </span> <span class="entry-category"> <span class='posted-in'><i class="icon-folder-open" aria-hidden="true"></i> Geplaatst in <a href="https://taaladvies.net/category/adviezen/">adviezen</a>, <a href="https://taaladvies.net/category/algemeen/">algemeen</a>, <a href="https://taaladvies.net/category/adviezen/woordgebruik/correctheid-en-betekenis/">correctheid en betekenis</a>, <a href="https://taaladvies.net/category/adviezen/spelling/">spelling</a>, <a href="https://taaladvies.net/category/adviezen/spelling/symbolen/">symbolen</a>, <a href="https://taaladvies.net/category/adviezen/woordgebruik/">woordgebruik</a> </span> </span> </span> </span> </div> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <div class="cat-list-container"><div class="cat-list"><span class="cat-list-1"><a href="/">adviezen</a></span><span class="custom-bc-sep">></span><span class="cat-list-1"><a href="/woordgebruik">woordgebruik</a></span><span class="custom-bc-sep">></span><span class="cat-list-2"><a href="/correctheid-en-betekenis">correctheid en betekenis</a></span></div><div class="cat-list"><span class="cat-list-1"><a href="/">adviezen</a></span><span class="custom-bc-sep">></span><span class="cat-list-1"><a href="/spelling">spelling</a></span><span class="custom-bc-sep">></span><span class="cat-list-2"><a href="/symbolen">symbolen</a></span></div></div><h1 class='entry-title below-breadcrumbs'>Wel of geen spaties voor en na leestekens en symbolen (algemeen)</h1><div id="taaladvies-artikel"><a href="#1">Inleiding</a><br /> <a href="#2">Punt, komma, dubbele punt, puntkomma, uitroepteken, vraagteken</a><br /> <a href="#3">Gedachtestreepje, beletselteken</a><br /> <a href="#4">Haakjes, aanhalingstekens</a><br /> <a href="#5">Schuine streep</a><br /> <a href="#6">Valutatekens</a><br /> <a href="#7">Afkortingen van eenheden</a><br /> <a href="#8">Gradenteken (°)</a><br /> <a href="#9">Ampersand (&-teken)</a><br /> <a href="#10">Procentteken en promilleteken (%, ‰)</a><br /> <a href="#11">Rekenkundige tekens</a></p> <h3><a name="1"></a>Inleiding <a class="top" href="#top">Top</a></h3> <p>Leestekens zijn:</p> <p>– de punt;</p> <p>– de komma;</p> <p>– de dubbele punt en puntkomma;</p> <p>– het uitroepteken en vraagteken;</p> <p>– het (enkele of dubbele) aanhalingsteken;</p> <p>– het ronde haakje en het vierkante haakje;</p> <p>– de gedachtestreep;</p> <p>– het beletselteken (drie bijeenhorende punten);</p> <p>– de schuine streep.</p> <p>Met symbolen worden in dit advies bedoeld:</p> <p>– valutatekens (het euroteken, het dollarteken enzovoort);</p> <p>– afkortingen van eenheden (zoals <em>mm</em> en <em>kg</em>);</p> <p>– de ampersand (het teken <em>&</em>);</p> <p>– het procentteken en het promilleteken;</p> <p>– rekenkundige tekens (het plusteken, het minteken enzovoort);</p> <p>– de tekens voor graden, minuten en seconden.</p> <p>Symbolen die in lopende tekst vrijwel nooit gebruikt worden – zoals accolades en de verticale streep – komen hier niet aan de orde.</p> <h3><a name="2"></a>Punt, komma, dubbele punt, puntkomma, uitroepteken, vraagteken <a class="top" href="#top">Top</a></h3> <p>Vóór een punt, een komma, een dubbele punt, een puntkomma, een uitroepteken en een vraagteken komt geen spatie.</p> <p>(1) Als je wilt, kan ik morgen wel langskomen.</p> <p>(2) Vanaf nu geldt: e-mails worden per ommegaande beantwoord.</p> <p>(3) De notaris gaf ons een document mee; dat bleek later vervalst te zijn.</p> <p>(4) Wat gebeurt er? We moeten ons uit de voeten maken!</p> <p>Ná elk van deze leestekens volgt gewoonlijk wel een spatie. Dat geldt niet voor punten die binnen een afkorting staan en voor komma’s in getallen.</p> <p>(5) Het advies moet z.s.m. verspreid worden.</p> <p>(6) Het werd 36,7 graden in Arcen.</p> <h3><a name="3"></a>Gedachtestreepje, beletselteken <a class="top" href="#top">Top</a></h3> <p>Voor een gedachtestreepje komt altijd een spatie, en ook erna.</p> <p>(7) In de rest van het land is het nieuws – volgens de kranten – nog niet bekend.</p> <p>(8) De ontwikkelingen verliepen gunstig – tot de crisis uitbrak.</p> <p>Voor een beletselteken (een vaste eenheid van drie punten) komt doorgaans een spatie, en erna ook.</p> <p>(9) De ontwikkelingen verliepen gunstig … tot de crisis uitbrak.</p> <p>(10) Wat is het toch warm …</p> <p>Er komt geen spatie als er een woord wordt afgekapt.</p> <p>(11) Wat is het toch w…</p> <p>Als de drie punten tussen haakjes staan om aan te geven dat een deel van een citaat is weggelaten, komen er geen spaties voor en na de punten. Er kunnen wel spaties komen voor het haakje openen en na het haakje sluiten; zie daarvoor het onderdeel ‘Haakjes, aanhalingstekens’.</p> <p><a href="/beletselteken-algemeen" type="tao_generiek/90"> Beletselteken (…) (algemeen)</a><br /> <a href="/gedachtestreepje" type="tao_adv/312">Gedachtestreepje</a></p> <h3><a name="4"></a>Haakjes, aanhalingstekens <a class="top" href="#top">Top</a></h3> <p>In het geval van twee bijeenhorende leestekens – ronde haakjes, vierkante haakjes, enkele aanhalingstekens en dubbele aanhalingstekens – komt er een spatie voor het openingsteken en een spatie na het sluitingsteken. De spatie na het sluitingsteken vervalt echter als er direct daarna een punt, komma, dubbele punt, puntkomma, uitroepteken, vraagteken of een ander sluitingsteken volgt.</p> <p>(12) Volgens de minister van Verkeer (een prominent CDA-lid) is de zaak afgedaan.</p> <p>(13) De zaak is afgedaan volgens de minister van Verkeer (een prominent CDA-lid).</p> <p>(14) Zo werd duidelijk dat de voorstellen (…) tot minder inflatie zouden leiden.</p> <p>(15) Er stond “Stop de graaicultuur” op het spandoek.</p> <p>(16) Op het spandoek stond “Stop de graaicultuur”.</p> <h3><a name="5"></a>Schuine streep <a class="top" href="#top">Top</a></h3> <p>Voor en na een schuine streep komen geen spaties als de streep losse woorden of getallen ‘verbindt’, de regeleinden in een gedicht aangeeft, deel uitmaakt van een internetadres, in een afkorting of een breukgetal staat.</p> <p>(17) Elke medewerker beslist zelf of hij/zij meegaat.</p> <p>(18) Wilt u aangeven of u gehuwd/ongehuwd/gescheiden/samenwonend bent?</p> <p>(19) Met een snelheid van 190 km/u kwam hij aanrijden.</p> <p>(20) Denkend aan de dood kan ik niet slapen/En niet slapend denk ik aan de dood/En het leven vliet gelijk het vlood/En elk zijn is tot niet-zijn geschapen.</p> <p>(21) U kunt een taalvraag stellen op http://taaladvies.net/vraag/.</p> <p>(22) Het betreft 5/8 van het totaal.</p> <p>Er kunnen wel spaties komen als het om woordgroepen gaat.</p> <p>(23) We zoeken een docent Frans / ondersteunend medewerker voor onze school.</p> <p><a href="/gebruik-van-schuine-streep-slash-duitse-komma" type="tao_adv/734"> Schuine streep (slash, Duitse komma), gebruik van –</a></p> <h3><a name="6"></a>Valutatekens <a class="top" href="#top">Top</a></h3> <p>Tussen een valutateken en het bijbehorende getal staat een spatie, tenzij het geheel deel uitmaakt van een <a href="/termen-samenstelling" target="_blank" rel="noopener" type="tao_term/74">samenstelling</a>.</p> <p>(24) De vaas kostte € 179,–.</p> <p>(25) Hij betaalde met een €200-biljet.</p> <p>Dit geldt ook voor het dollarteken, ook al wordt in het Engels na een dollarteken de spatie doorgaans achterwege gelaten.</p> <p>(26) De vaas kostte $ 179,–.</p> <p>(27) Hij betaalde met een $50-biljet.</p> <p><a href="/euro-of-eur-of-euroteken" type="tao_adv/1179">Euro / EUR / euroteken </a></p> <h3><a name="7"></a>Afkortingen van eenheden <a class="top" href="#top">Top</a></h3> <p>Bij toevallige, niet-conventionele combinaties van een getal en een afgekorte eenheid of symbool komt er een spatie tussen het getal en de eenheid: <em>15 cm</em>, <em>10 ml</em>, <em>35 km</em>, <em>58 W</em>, <em>8 V</em>, <em>3 cc</em> enzovoort.</p> <p>(28) De afstand was 15 cm.</p> <p>Als het geheel deel uitmaakt van een samenstelling, vervalt de spatie.</p> <p>(29) Ze hanteerde de 15cm-norm.</p> <p>Conventionele eenheden – dat zijn vaste combinaties waarmee naar een technische standaard wordt verwezen – worden wel aaneengeschreven, bijvoorbeeld: <em>230V</em>, 1<em>25cc</em>, <em>60W</em>, <em>2pk</em>.</p> <p>De Belgische en Nederlandse normalisatie-instituten schrijven voor alle gevallen een vaste spatie tussen getal en eenheid voor, dus ook bij conventionele eenheden en in samenstellingen, bijvoorbeeld <em>60 W</em>, <em>60 W-lamp</em>. Die normen gelden in het bijzonder voor technische, gespecialiseerde teksten. In de algemene taalpraktijk wordt er van die normen afgeweken en wordt er dus geen spatie geschreven in conventionele combinaties en samenstellingen.</p> <p><a href="/symbolen-voor-grootheden-en-eenheden-algemeen" type="tao_generiek/20">Symbolen voor grootheden en eenheden (algemeen)</a></p> <h3><a name="8"></a>Gradenteken (°) <a class="top" href="#top">Top</a></h3> <p>Het gradenteken kan op verschillende manieren gebruikt worden. Als het wordt gecombineerd met een symbool als <em>C</em> (Celsius) of <em>F</em> (Fahrenheit), wordt er meestal geen spatie geschreven tussen het gradenteken en het symbool.</p> <p>(30a) De temperatuur liep op tot 45°C.</p> <p>(31a) Volgens de Fahrenheitschaal ligt het vriespunt bij 32°F.</p> <p>Volgens de internationale ISO-normen (overgenomen in de Belgische norm NBN EN ISO 80000-1:2013 en de Nederlandse norm NEN EN ISO 80000-1:2013) staat er wel een spatie tussen het getal en het gradenteken. Die normen gelden in het bijzonder voor technische, gespecialiseerde teksten. In de algemene praktijk staat er dus vaak geen spatie.</p> <p>(30b) De temperatuur liep op tot 45 °C.</p> <p>(31b) Volgens de Fahrenheitschaal ligt het vriespunt bij 32 °F.</p> <p>In samenstellingen wordt er volgens de spellingregels geen spatie tussen het getal en het gradenteken gezet.</p> <p>(32) Let op dat de 37°C-grens niet wordt overschreden.</p> <p>Daarnaast kan het gradenteken voorkomen zonder een ander symbool erachter. Het duidt dan een (wiskundige) hoek aan, of een geografische lengte of breedte. In die gevallen komt er geen spatie tussen het bijbehorende getal en het gradenteken.</p> <p>(33) Een hoek van 90° heet een rechte hoek.</p> <p>(34) Amsterdam ligt op 52° noorderbreedte.</p> <p><a href="/gradenteken-in-temperatuuraanduidingen-spatie-ervoor-of-niet" type="tao_adv/349">Gradenteken in temperatuuraanduidingen: spatie ervoor of niet?</a></p> <h3><a name="9"></a>Ampersand (&-teken) <a class="top" href="#top">Top</a></h3> <p>Het &-teken, ook wel ampersand genoemd, betekent ‘en’. Het wordt in lopende tekst niet veel gebruikt, maar komt wel vaak voor in namen en afkortingen. In namen komt er bij voorkeur een spatie voor en na de ampersand, in afkortingen niet.</p> <p>(35) De afdeling Research & Development vraagt om uitstel.</p> <p>(36) De afdeling R&D vraagt om uitstel.</p> <p>(37) Berry is een groot liefhebber van r&b.</p> <h3><a name="10"></a>Procentteken en promilleteken (%, ‰) <a class="top" href="#top">Top</a></h3> <p>Volgens de internationale ISO-normen (overgenomen in de Belgische norm NBN EN ISO 80000-1:2013 en de Nederlandse norm NEN EN ISO 80000-1:2013) staat er een spatie voor het procentteken en het promilleteken. Die normen gelden in het bijzonder voor technische teksten. In de praktijk worden combinaties met een getal en een procentteken of promilleteken echter vaak aan elkaar geschreven. Daar is in niet-technische teksten geen bezwaar tegen.</p> <p>(38a) Hiermee was 25 % het niet eens.</p> <p>(38b) Hiermee was 25% het niet eens.</p> <p>(39a) De chauffeur bleek een alcoholpromillage van 2,5 ‰ te hebben.</p> <p>(39b) De chauffeur bleek een alcoholpromillage van 2,5‰ te hebben.</p> <h3><a name="11"></a>Rekenkundige tekens <a class="top" href="#top">Top</a></h3> <p>Voor en na rekenkundige tekens komt een spatie.</p> <p>(40) 15 – 12 = 3</p> <p>(41) Het veld was 10 × 15 meter groot.</p> <p>Als het minteken of het plusteken geen deel uitmaakt van een rekenkundige bewerking, komt er geen spatie.</p> <p>(42) Het was -6 °C toen we hier aankwamen.</p> <p>(43) Ik had een 6- voor mijn proefwerk.</p> <p>(44) Als je 65+ bent, heb je weinig te klagen.</p> <p>Voor en na het plusminus-teken komt een spatie.</p> <p>(45) De slang was ± 25 cm lang.</p> <h2>Naslagwerken</h2> <p><a href="/nbn-en-iso-80000-12013" type="tao_naslag/230">NBN EN ISO 80000-1:2013</a>; <a href="/nen-en-iso-80000-12013" type="tao_naslag/231">NEN EN ISO 80000-1:2013</a>; <a href="/schrijfwijzer-2012" type="tao_naslag/225">Schrijfwijzer (2012)</a>, p. 511; <a href="/technische-handleiding-2016" type="tao_naslag/258">Technische handleiding (2016)</a>; p.73-74</p> <div id="taaladvies-metadata"> <div id="taaladvies-tags">correctheid en betekenis,symbolen,algemeen,woordgebruik,spelling</div> </div> <div id="taaladvies-original-metadata"><br /> <br /> <span id="taaladvies-original-tabel">tao_generiek (K)</span><br /> <span id="taaladvies-original-id">114</span><br /> <span id="taaladvies-original-publiek">j</span><br /> <span id="taaladvies-original-tags">conventies,correctheid,spelling,symbolen</span><br /> <span id="taaladvies-original-facets">Hoofdrubriek,Woord of woordcombinatie,Subrubriek</span><br /> <span id="taaladvies-original-facets-and-tags">Hoofdrubriek:conventies,spelling;Subrubriek:symbolen;Woord of woordcombinatie:correctheid</span><br /> <span id="taaladvies-original-date-copy">0000</span><br /> <span id="taaladvies-original-date-changed">18 December 2020</span><br /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <nav class="navigation post-navigation" aria-label="Berichten"> <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Berichtnavigatie</h2> <div class="nav-links"><div class="nav-next"><a href="https://taaladvies.net/abn-gids-1996/" rel="next"><span class="screen-reader-text">Volgende bericht is </span>ABN-gids (1996) ›</a></div></div> </nav> </main> <aside id="secondary" class="main-sidebar widget-area grid col-300 fit" role="complementary" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/WPSideBar"> <div id="custom_html-3" class="widget_text widget-wrapper widget_custom_html"><div class="widget-title"><h4>Taal en gender</h4></div><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><ul> <li>Kijk voor adviezen over genderbewust taalgebruik op deze <a href=" https://taaladvies.net/taal-en-gender/" target="_self">pagina <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></li></ul><br/> <ul><li><em>Nieuw: adviezen genderbewust taalgebruik in brieven en e-mails.</em></li></ul></div></div><div id="custom_html-7" class="widget_text widget-wrapper widget_custom_html"><div class="widget-title"><h4>Spelling van woorden</h4></div><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><ul> <li>Kijk voor de spelling van woorden in de <a href="http://woordenlijst.org" target="_new">Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></li></ul></div></div><div id="custom_html-5" class="widget_text widget-wrapper widget_custom_html"><div class="widget-title"><h4>Buitenlandse aardrijkskundige namen</h4></div><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><ul> <li>Kijk voor de spelling van aardrijkskundige namen op <a href="http://namen.taalunie.org/" target="_new">Buitenlandse aardrijkskundige namen <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></li> </ul></div></div><div id="block-3" class="widget-wrapper widget_block"><div class="widget-title"> <h4>Taalloketten</h4> </div> <p>Kijk voor taaladvies ook eens op de websites van de taalloketten:</p> <div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"> <ul> <li><a href="https://onzetaal.nl/taalloket" target="_blank" onclick="plausible('Taalloket_NL_sidebar')">Onze Taal <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.vlaanderen.be/taaladvies" target="_blank" onclick="plausible('Taalloket_BE_sidebar')">Team Taaladvies <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></li> </ul> </div></div><div id="block-2" class="widget-wrapper widget_block"><p><div class="widget-title"><h4>Veelbekeken adviezen</h4></div><ul class="veelBekeken" style="border:none !important;list-style-type: none;padding-left:1em;"><li style="border:none !important; 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