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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="عمريت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عمريت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Амрит – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Амрит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratos" title="Maratos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maratos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amrit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amrit" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="عمریت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عمریت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrit_(Syrie)" title="Amrit (Syrie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amrit (Syrie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amrit" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amritas" title="Amritas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amritas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amr%C3%ADt" title="Amrít – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amrít" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="عمريت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عمريت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amrit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amrit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amrit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%96%D1%82" title="Амріт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Амріт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="عمریت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عمریت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Amrit" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archaeological site in Tartus District, Syria</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the ancient city of Amrit. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Amrit_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Amrit (disambiguation)">Amrit (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Amrit</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname">عمريت</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Amrit01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Amrit01.jpg/220px-Amrit01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Amrit01.jpg/330px-Amrit01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Amrit01.jpg/440px-Amrit01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1258" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Temple of Amrit</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syria_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amrit is located in Syria"><img alt="Amrit is located in Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Syria_adm_location_map.svg/240px-Syria_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Syria_adm_location_map.svg/360px-Syria_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Syria_adm_location_map.svg/480px-Syria_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="806" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.307%;left:12.912%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Amrit"><img alt="Amrit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within Syria</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Amrith, Marathus, Marathos</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">6 km (3.7 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Tartus" title="Tartus">Tartus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amrit&params=34.8388_N_35.9071_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°50′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°54′26″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.8388°N 35.9071°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.8388; 35.9071</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Human_settlement" title="Human settlement">Settlement</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">Third millennium BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abandoned</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 148 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Periods</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> (<a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Hellenistic</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Site notes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Excavation dates</th><td class="infobox-data">1954</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archaeologists</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Dunand" title="Maurice Dunand">Maurice Dunand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Condition</th><td class="infobox-data">Ruins</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Management</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_of_Antiquities_and_Museums" title="Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums">Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Public access</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Amrit</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عمريت</span>), the <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical</a> <b>Marathus</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-tiny"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a></span><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Μάραθος</span></span>, <i>Marathos</i>), was a <a href="/wiki/Phoenicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenicians">Phoenician</a> port located near present-day <a href="/wiki/Tartus" title="Tartus">Tartus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. Founded in the third millennium<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC, <b>Marat</b> (<a href="/wiki/Phoenician_language" title="Phoenician language">Phoenician</a>: <span lang="phn" dir="rtl">𐤌𐤓𐤕</span>, <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MRT</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911792_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911792-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the northernmost important city of ancient <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a>, with relations to nearby <a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Arwad</a>. During the 2nd<span class="nowrap"> </span>century<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC, Amrit was defeated and its site largely abandoned, leaving its ruins well preserved and without extensive remodeling by later generations.<sup id="cite_ref-Maqdissi_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maqdissi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monnaie_-_Bronze,_Marathos,_Ph%C3%A9nicie_-_btv1b10332238p_(2_of_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Monnaie_-_Bronze%2C_Marathos%2C_Ph%C3%A9nicie_-_btv1b10332238p_%282_of_2%29.jpg/220px-Monnaie_-_Bronze%2C_Marathos%2C_Ph%C3%A9nicie_-_btv1b10332238p_%282_of_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Monnaie_-_Bronze%2C_Marathos%2C_Ph%C3%A9nicie_-_btv1b10332238p_%282_of_2%29.jpg/330px-Monnaie_-_Bronze%2C_Marathos%2C_Ph%C3%A9nicie_-_btv1b10332238p_%282_of_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Monnaie_-_Bronze%2C_Marathos%2C_Ph%C3%A9nicie_-_btv1b10332238p_%282_of_2%29.jpg/440px-Monnaie_-_Bronze%2C_Marathos%2C_Ph%C3%A9nicie_-_btv1b10332238p_%282_of_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2408" data-file-height="2408" /></a><figcaption>A coin of Marathus with the Phoenician name of the city, <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MRT</span></span></figcaption></figure> <p>The city lies on the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> coast around 6 km (3.7 mi) south of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Tartus" title="Tartus">Tartus</a>. Two rivers cross the city: Nahr Amrit, near the main temple, and Nahr al-Kuble near the secondary temple, a fact that might be linked to the importance of water in the religious traditions in Amrit.<sup id="cite_ref-Maqdissi_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maqdissi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was probably founded by the <a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Arvadites</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Baedeker_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baedeker-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was considered one of the "daughters of Arwad" on the coastline.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marathus served as Arwad's continental base,<sup id="cite_ref-Bryce_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryce-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the port of Arwad in the mainland was <a href="/wiki/Carne,_Phoenicia" title="Carne, Phoenicia">Carne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It grew to be one of the wealthiest towns in the dominion of Arwad. The city surrendered, along with Arwad, to <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> in 333 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid</a> times the town, known as Marathus, was probably larger and more prosperous than Arwad.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 219 BC Marathus gained independence from Arwad, and was later sacked by forces from the latter city in 148 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Baedeker_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baedeker-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> described Marathus as ruins at his time.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Excavation">Excavation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Excavation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Excavations of the site principally began in 1860 by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Ernest Renan</a>. Excavations were again carried out in 1954 by French archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Dunand" title="Maurice Dunand">Maurice Dunand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryce_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryce-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ceramic ware finds at Amrit indicated the site had been inhabited as early as the third millennium BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Maqdissi_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maqdissi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Middle and Late <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> "<a href="/wiki/Corbelled_tomb" title="Corbelled tomb">silo tombs</a>" were also excavated, with contents ranging from weapons to original human remains. Excavations at the <a href="/wiki/List_of_necropoleis" title="List of necropoleis">necropolis</a> south of the town yielded several tomb structures. The funeral art found in some tombs with pyramidal-or cube-shaped towers, is considered some of "the most notable grave-monuments of the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> world."<sup id="cite_ref-Bryce_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryce-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excavations also uncovered the town's ancient harbor, and a U-shaped stadium that dates back to the 4th and 3rd centuries BC and measures around 230 m (750 ft) in length.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryce_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryce-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temples">Temples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Temples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most important excavations at Amrit was the Phoenician temple, commonly referred to the "<i>ma'abed</i>," dedicated to the god <a href="/wiki/Melqart" title="Melqart">Melqart</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eshmun" title="Eshmun">Eshmun</a>. The colonnaded temple, excavated between 1955 and 1957, consists of a large court cut out of rock measuring 47 × 49 m (154 × 161 ft) and over 3 m (9.8 ft) deep, surrounded by a covered portico. In the center of the court a well-preserved cube-shaped <i><a href="/wiki/Cella" title="Cella">cella</a></i> stands.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryce_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryce-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The open-air courtyard was filled with the waters of a local, traditionally sacred spring, a unique feature of this site. The temple—which was dated to the late 4th century BC, a period following the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian</a> expansion into Syria—shows major <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a> influence in its layout and decoration. According to <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> archaeologist, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Akkermans" title="Peter Akkermans">Peter Akkermans</a>, the temple is the "best-preserved monumental structure from the Phoenician homeland."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second temple, described by visitors to the site in 1743 and 1860 and thought to have disappeared,<sup id="cite_ref-Bryce_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryce-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was later discovered by the Syrian archaeological mission near the Nahr al-Kuble spring.<sup id="cite_ref-Maqdissi_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maqdissi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stadium">Stadium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Stadium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadio_Amrit_1-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Stadio_Amrit_1-2.jpg/220px-Stadio_Amrit_1-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Stadio_Amrit_1-2.jpg/330px-Stadio_Amrit_1-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Stadio_Amrit_1-2.jpg/440px-Stadio_Amrit_1-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><div align="center">The Pre-Olympic Phoenician Stadium north of Amrit</div></figcaption></figure> <p>About 200 m (660 ft) northeast of the main temples of ancient Marathos and 180 m (590 ft) north of the Amrit <a href="/wiki/Tell_(archaeology)" title="Tell (archaeology)">Tell</a> are the remains of a rock-carved <b>Phoenician <a href="/wiki/Stadium" title="Stadium">stadium</a></b>. It is separated from the other two archaeological sites by the <i>Nahr al-Amrit</i> and a site called by the locals<i> al-Meqla</i> '(the quarry').<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Stadium of Amrit was first described in 1745 by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pococke" title="Richard Pococke">Richard Pococke</a> in Part 2 of his book,<i> A Description of the East, and Some Other Countries</i>, as the site where an ancient <a href="/wiki/Circus" title="Circus">Circus</a> was held.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pinkerton_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinkerton-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ernest Renan examined it in 1860 and discussed it in his book <i>Mission de Phénicie</i>, making the conclusion that the complex was not <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> in its entirety and that the stadium was undoubtedly <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stadium is about 225 to 230 meters long and 30 to 40 meters wide,<sup id="cite_ref-Patrich_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patrich-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has similar dimensions to the stadium of <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> (213 × 31/32 meters). Seven rows of seats have been partially preserved.<sup id="cite_ref-ScheckOdenthal1998_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScheckOdenthal1998-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stadium was open to the west and had two entrances on the east side between seats. In addition, there was a tunnel to the interior. The stadium is located approximately at a right angle to the main temple of Amrit, the <i>Maabed</i>. The temples to the north and west have open sides or which the stadium forms a common intersection. It is believed that the Amrit stadium was the location for <a href="/wiki/Sacred" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred">sacred</a> competitions where anointing and <a href="/wiki/Funeral_games_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral games (antiquity)">funeral games</a> took place.<sup id="cite_ref-ScheckOdenthal1998_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScheckOdenthal1998-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Labib Boutros, former director of <a href="/wiki/Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports">athletics</a> at the <a href="/wiki/American_University_of_Beirut" title="American University of Beirut">American University of Beirut</a> has conducted recent studies of the stadium and suggested that its construction may date back as far as 1500 BC, saying that the Amrit stadium was <i>"devoted to sports in Phoenicia several centuries before the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Necropolis">Necropolis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Necropolis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meghazil_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Meghazil_2.jpg/220px-Meghazil_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Meghazil_2.jpg/330px-Meghazil_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Meghazil_2.jpg/440px-Meghazil_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><div align="center">Burial towers at Amrit called <i>"al Maghazil"</i> or <b>The Spindles</b></div></figcaption></figure> <p>The Necropolis in the south of Amrit consists of underground burial chambers and two distinguishing burial towers called by the locals <i>"al Maghazil"</i> or <b>The Spindles</b> that stand up to 7.5 m (25 ft) high. The larger tower is composed of a square stone base with a slightly upward tapering cylindrical block with a base diameter of 3.7 m (12 ft), rising to a pyramid as a top termination, which is badly damaged. The second is approximately 12 meters southeast and is not quite 7 m (23 ft) tall. At its base are three cylindrical parts whose diameters decrease and terminate in a dome. At the lower cylinder, to the corners of the square base plates, four <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lions</a> decorate the building, which may not have been completed.<sup id="cite_ref-ScheckOdenthal1998p228_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScheckOdenthal1998p228-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excavations of the burial chambers east of the towers has uncovered finds dated back as far as the 5th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plain <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a> <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagus</a> were found arranged in cassette-like formation within the chambers.<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez2008_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez2008-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other tombs are located south of the Nahr al-Qubli, the <i>"al-Burǧ Bazzāq"</i> or <b>Worm tower</b>, a phenomenal structure that was originally 19.50 meters high and the <a href="/wiki/Hypogeum" title="Hypogeum">Hypogeum</a> <i>"Ḥaǧar al-Ḥublā"</i> with three burial chambers, which were still used in Roman times.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation">Conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amrit was included on the <a href="/wiki/2004_World_Monuments_Watch" title="2004 World Monuments Watch">2004</a> and <a href="/wiki/2006_World_Monuments_Watch" title="2006 World Monuments Watch">2006</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Monuments_Fund" title="World Monuments Fund">World Monuments Fund</a> watch lists of endangered archaeological sites. The Fund called attention to the site's rapid deterioration due to vandalism and encroaching development. In 2006 a three-day workshop was organized with participation from the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_of_Antiquities_and_Museums" title="Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums">Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums</a> of Syria and local administrators responsible for the sites of Amrit, Tartus and Arwad.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amrit_Sepolcro_-_GAR_-_1-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Meghazil tomb, Amrit in 2006"><img alt="Meghazil tomb, Amrit in 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Amrit_Sepolcro_-_GAR_-_1-01.jpg/90px-Amrit_Sepolcro_-_GAR_-_1-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Amrit_Sepolcro_-_GAR_-_1-01.jpg/135px-Amrit_Sepolcro_-_GAR_-_1-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Amrit_Sepolcro_-_GAR_-_1-01.jpg/180px-Amrit_Sepolcro_-_GAR_-_1-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Meghazil tomb, Amrit in 2006</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amrit_Santuario_Fenicio_-_GAR_-_2-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phoenician Temple (Ma'abed), cella at the center of the court, Amrit in 2006"><img alt="Phoenician Temple (Ma'abed), cella at the center of the court, Amrit in 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Amrit_Santuario_Fenicio_-_GAR_-_2-01.jpg/120px-Amrit_Santuario_Fenicio_-_GAR_-_2-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Amrit_Santuario_Fenicio_-_GAR_-_2-01.jpg/180px-Amrit_Santuario_Fenicio_-_GAR_-_2-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Amrit_Santuario_Fenicio_-_GAR_-_2-01.jpg/240px-Amrit_Santuario_Fenicio_-_GAR_-_2-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phoenician Temple (Ma'abed), cella at the center of the court, Amrit in 2006</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amrit_Stadio_Ellenistico_-_GAR_-_2-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phoenician Stadium, Amrit in 2006"><img alt="Phoenician Stadium, Amrit in 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Amrit_Stadio_Ellenistico_-_GAR_-_2-01.jpg/120px-Amrit_Stadio_Ellenistico_-_GAR_-_2-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Amrit_Stadio_Ellenistico_-_GAR_-_2-01.jpg/180px-Amrit_Stadio_Ellenistico_-_GAR_-_2-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Amrit_Stadio_Ellenistico_-_GAR_-_2-01.jpg/240px-Amrit_Stadio_Ellenistico_-_GAR_-_2-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phoenician Stadium, Amrit in 2006</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrit&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrit&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911792-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911792_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHead_&_al.1911">Head & al. (1911)</a>, p. 792.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maqdissi-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maqdissi_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maqdissi_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maqdissi_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maqdissi_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAl_MaqdissiBenech2009" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Al Maqdissi, Michel; Benech, Christophe (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archeosciences.revues.org/1596">"The spatial organization of the Phoenician city of Amrith (Syria)"</a>. <i>ArchéoSciences</i>. 33 (suppl.): 209–211.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arch%C3%A9oSciences&rft.atitle=The+spatial+organization+of+the+Phoenician+city+of+Amrith+%28Syria%29&rft.volume=33+%28suppl.%29&rft.pages=209-211&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Al+Maqdissi&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.au=Benech%2C+Christophe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farcheosciences.revues.org%2F1596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeattiePepper2001" class="citation book cs1">Beattie, Andrew; Pepper, Timothy (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9iCfkTe8v2EC&q=amrit+Founded+in+the+third+millennium+BC&pg=PA182"><i>The Rough Guide to Syria</i></a>. Rough Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-718-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-718-8"><bdi>978-1-85828-718-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+Syria&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-85828-718-8&rft.aulast=Beattie&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Pepper%2C+Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9iCfkTe8v2EC%26q%3Damrit%2BFounded%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bthird%2Bmillennium%2BBC%26pg%3DPA182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baedeker-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baedeker_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baedeker_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaedeker1876" class="citation book cs1">Baedeker, Karl (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qoIDAAAAQAAJ"><i>Palestine and Syria, handbook for travellers</i></a>. p. 536.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+and+Syria%2C+handbook+for+travellers&rft.pages=536&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=Baedeker&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqoIDAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenan1864" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan, Ernest</a> (1864). <i><a href="/wiki/Mission_de_Ph%C3%A9nicie" title="Mission de Phénicie">Mission de Phénicie</a></i>. Paris: Imprimerie Impériale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mission+de+Ph%C3%A9nicie&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Imprimerie+Imp%C3%A9riale&rft.date=1864&rft.aulast=Renan&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span> p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5529563s/f24.item">20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Geographica" title="Geographica">Geographica</a></i>, 16.2.12 (<a class="external text" href="https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC/%CE%99%CE%A3%CE%A4">Greek source</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/16B*.html">English translation</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bryce-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bryce_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bryce_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bryce_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bryce_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bryce_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bryce_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryce2009" class="citation book cs1">Bryce, Trevor (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E1aF0hq1GR8C&q=Amrit+syria"><i>The Routledge Handbook of the People and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persians Empire</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-15908-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-15908-6"><bdi>978-1-134-15908-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Handbook+of+the+People+and+Places+of+Ancient+Western+Asia%3A+The+Near+East+from+the+Early+Bronze+Age+to+the+Fall+of+the+Persians+Empire&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-134-15908-6&rft.aulast=Bryce&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE1aF0hq1GR8C%26q%3DAmrit%2Bsyria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Francis_Hill" title="George Francis Hill">Hill, George Francis</a> (1965). <i>Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Phoenicia</i>. Arnaldo Forni - Editore. pp. xxxviii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+the+Greek+Coins+of+Phoenicia&rft.pages=xxxviii&rft.pub=Arnaldo+Forni+-+Editore&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=George+Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenan1864" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan, Ernest</a> (1864). <i><a href="/wiki/Mission_de_Ph%C3%A9nicie" title="Mission de Phénicie">Mission de Phénicie</a></i>. Paris: Imprimerie Impériale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mission+de+Ph%C3%A9nicie&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Imprimerie+Imp%C3%A9riale&rft.date=1864&rft.aulast=Renan&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span> p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5529563s/f59.item">55</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5529563s/f101.item">97</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuhrt2007" class="citation book cs1">Kuhrt, Amelie (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S6BevAUWSGAC&q=Marathus+syria"><i>The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period</i></a>. Routledge. p. 439. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-07634-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-07634-5"><bdi>978-1-134-07634-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+Empire%3A+A+Corpus+of+Sources+from+the+Achaemenid+Period&rft.pages=439&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-134-07634-5&rft.aulast=Kuhrt&rft.aufirst=Amelie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS6BevAUWSGAC%26q%3DMarathus%2Bsyria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFattahCaso2009" class="citation book cs1">Fattah, Hala Mundhir; Caso, Frank (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q_-hrXU-mWYC&q=Marathos+syria"><i>A brief history of Iraq</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5767-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5767-2"><bdi>978-0-8160-5767-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+brief+history+of+Iraq&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-5767-2&rft.aulast=Fattah&rft.aufirst=Hala+Mundhir&rft.au=Caso%2C+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ_-hrXU-mWYC%26q%3DMarathos%2Bsyria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkkermansSchwartz2003" class="citation book cs1">Akkermans, Peter; Schwartz, Glenn (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_4oqvpAHDEoC&q=Amrit+syria"><i>The archaeology of Syria: from complex hunter-gatherers to early urban societies (c. 16,000-300 BC)</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 391. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-79666-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-79666-8"><bdi>978-0-521-79666-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+archaeology+of+Syria%3A+from+complex+hunter-gatherers+to+early+urban+societies+%28c.+16%2C000-300+BC%29&rft.pages=391&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-79666-8&rft.aulast=Akkermans&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_4oqvpAHDEoC%26q%3DAmrit%2Bsyria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernst Honigmann: Marathos (2). In: Wilhelm Kroll (Publisher): Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. 14.2, Metzler, Stuttgart, S. 1434, p. 65, 1930.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smith_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=marathus-geo">"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), MARATHUS"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography+%281854%29%2C+MARATHUS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aentry%3Dmarathus-geo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pinkerton-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pinkerton_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinkerton1811" class="citation book cs1">Pinkerton, John (1 January 1811). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wY4qAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA569"><i>A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World: Many of which are Now First Translated Into English ; Digested on a New Plan</i></a>. Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme ... and Cadell and Davies – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+General+Collection+of+the+Best+and+Most+Interesting+Voyages+and+Travels+in+All+Parts+of+the+World%3A+Many+of+which+are+Now+First+Translated+Into+English+%3B+Digested+on+a+New+Plan&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Hurst%2C+Rees%2C+and+Orme+...+and+Cadell+and+Davies&rft.date=1811-01-01&rft.aulast=Pinkerton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwY4qAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5529563s"><i>Mission de Phénicie. TEXTE / dirigée par M. Ernest Renan,...</i></a> – via gallica.bnf.fr.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mission+de+Ph%C3%A9nicie.+TEXTE+%2F+dirig%C3%A9e+par+M.+Ernest+Renan%2C...&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k5529563s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patrich-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Patrich_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobsonKokkinos2009" class="citation book cs1">Jacobson, David M.; Kokkinos, Nikos (1 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ro7KDAhBC10C&q=Amrit+Stadium+230&pg=PA183"><i>Herod and Augustus: Papers Presented at the IJS Conference, 21st-23rd June 2005</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004165465" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004165465"><bdi>978-9004165465</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herod+and+Augustus%3A+Papers+Presented+at+the+IJS+Conference%2C+21st-23rd+June+2005&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.isbn=978-9004165465&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft.au=Kokkinos%2C+Nikos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRo7KDAhBC10C%26q%3DAmrit%2BStadium%2B230%26pg%3DPA183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ScheckOdenthal1998-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ScheckOdenthal1998_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ScheckOdenthal1998_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank_Rainer_ScheckJohannes_Odenthal1998" class="citation book cs1">Frank Rainer Scheck; Johannes Odenthal (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x-nZG9l2Z64C&pg=PA226"><i>Syrien: Hochkulturen zwischen Mittelmeer und Arabischer Wüste</i></a>. DuMont Reiseverlag. pp. 226–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7701-3978-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7701-3978-1"><bdi>978-3-7701-3978-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syrien%3A+Hochkulturen+zwischen+Mittelmeer+und+Arabischer+W%C3%BCste&rft.pages=226-&rft.pub=DuMont+Reiseverlag&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-3-7701-3978-1&rft.au=Frank+Rainer+Scheck&rft.au=Johannes+Odenthal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx-nZG9l2Z64C%26pg%3DPA226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1977/ore112/ore112q.pdf">Dr. Boutros Labib., "The Phoenician stadium of Amrit", The Olympic Review, No. 112, February 1977</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ScheckOdenthal1998p228-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ScheckOdenthal1998p228_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank_Rainer_ScheckJohannes_Odenthal1998" class="citation book cs1">Frank Rainer Scheck; Johannes Odenthal (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4vxoQeB-MiEC&pg=PA228"><i>Syrien: Hochkulturen zwischen Mittelmeer und Arabischer Wüste</i></a>. DuMont Reiseverlag. pp. 228–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7701-3978-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7701-3978-1"><bdi>978-3-7701-3978-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syrien%3A+Hochkulturen+zwischen+Mittelmeer+und+Arabischer+W%C3%BCste&rft.pages=228-&rft.pub=DuMont+Reiseverlag&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-3-7701-3978-1&rft.au=Frank+Rainer+Scheck&rft.au=Johannes+Odenthal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4vxoQeB-MiEC%26pg%3DPA228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Sommer: Die Phönizier. Geschichte und Kultur (= Beck’sche Reihe. Nr. 2444). C. H. Beck, München 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-406-56244-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-406-56244-0">978-3-406-56244-0</a>, II. Die Levante, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martínez2008-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Martínez2008_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernando_Prados_Martínez2008" class="citation book cs1">Fernando Prados Martínez (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O7_UGnx7XccC&pg=PA105"><i>Arquitectura Púnica: Los Monumentos Funerarios</i></a>. CSIC-Dpto. de Publicaciones. pp. 105–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-00-08619-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-00-08619-0"><bdi>978-84-00-08619-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arquitectura+P%C3%BAnica%3A+Los+Monumentos+Funerarios&rft.pages=105-&rft.pub=CSIC-Dpto.+de+Publicaciones&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-84-00-08619-0&rft.au=Fernando+Prados+Mart%C3%ADnez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO7_UGnx7XccC%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Astrid Nunn: Der figürliche Motivschatz Phöniziens, Syriens und Transjordanienes vom 6. bis zum 4. Jahrhundert v. Chr (= Orbis biblicus et orientalis: Series archaeologica; 18). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-525-53899-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-525-53899-5">3-525-53899-5</a>, Amrit und Umgebung – B4 (Gräber), p. 204, Göttingen, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wmf.org/project/amrit-archaeological-site">"AMRIT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE"</a>. World Monuments Fund<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AMRIT+ARCHAEOLOGICAL+SITE&rft.pub=World+Monuments+Fund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmf.org%2Fproject%2Famrit-archaeological-site&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrit&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHead_&_al.1911" class="citation cs2">Head, Barclay; et al. (1911), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snible.org/coins/hn/syria.html">"Phoenicia"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snible.org/coins/hn/index.html"><i>Historia Numorum</i></a> (2nd ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 788–801</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Phoenicia&rft.btitle=Historia+Numorum&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=788-801&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Head&rft.aufirst=Barclay&rft.au=G.F.+Hill&rft.au=George+MacDonald&rft.au=W.+Wroth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnible.org%2Fcoins%2Fhn%2Fsyria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmrit" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrit&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amrit" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Amrit">Amrit</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amrit-syria.com/">The ancient city of Amrit</a> (Arabic)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbase.com/dosseman_syria/amrit">Pictures of the temple and stadium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acor.digitalrelab.com/index.php?s=filter=place_name:Amrit%20(Syria)">Photos of Amrit</a> at the <a href="/wiki/American_Center_of_Research" 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Phoenician Hippos ship"><img alt="Phoenician Hippos ship" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/20px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/30px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/40px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="525" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Phoenician_cities" title="List of Phoenician cities">Phoenician cities and colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Algeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Camarata_(Mauretania)" title="Camarata (Mauretania)">Camarata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartennae" title="Cartennae">Cartennae</a> (<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9n%C3%A8s" title="Ténès">Tenes</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hippo_Regius" title="Hippo Regius">Hippo Regius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Icosium" title="Icosium">Icosium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Igilgili" title="Igilgili">Igilgili</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jijel" title="Jijel">Jijel</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Iol (Cherchell)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iomnium" title="Iomnium">Iomnium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tigzirt" title="Tigzirt">Tigzirt</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cirta" title="Cirta">Cirta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constantine,_Algeria" title="Constantine, Algeria">Constantine</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Djinet" title="Djinet">Kissi (Djinet)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Macomades" title="Macomades">Macomades</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calama_(Numidia)" title="Calama (Numidia)">Malaca</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rachgoun" title="Rachgoun">Rachgoun</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusazus" title="Rusazus">Rusazus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azeffoun" title="Azeffoun">Azeffoun</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Rusguniae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Tamentfoust</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Skikda" title="Skikda">Rusicade (Skikda)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusippisir" title="Rusippisir">Rusippisir (Taksebt)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusubbicari" title="Rusubbicari">Rusubbicari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zemmouri" title="Zemmouri">Zemmouri</a> El Bahri)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dellys" title="Dellys">Rusuccuru (Dellys)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zara%C3%AF" title="Zaraï">Sarai</a> (<a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFn_Oulmene" title="Aïn Oulmene">Aïn Oulmene</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thagora" title="Thagora">Thagora</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taoura" title="Taoura">Taoura</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Mauretania" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipasa in Mauretania">Tipasa in Mauretania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Numidia" title="Tipasa in Numidia">Tipasa in Numidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timici" title="Timici">Timici</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cyprus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dali,_Cyprus" title="Dali, Cyprus">Dhali</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kition" title="Kition">Kition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larnaca" title="Larnaca">Larnaca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lapathus_(Cyprus)" title="Lapathus (Cyprus)">Lapathus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Cyprus" title="Marion, Cyprus">Marion</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Callista (Santorini)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Paxi">Paxi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Achziv" title="Achziv">Achzib</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Akka (Acre)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Dor" title="Tel Dor">Dora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Michal" title="Tel Michal">Michal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apollonia-Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia-Arsuf">Reshef</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Shikmona" title="Tel Shikmona">Shikmona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Strato's Tower (Caesarea)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bithia,_Italy" title="Bithia, Italy">Bitan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chia_(Sardinia)" title="Chia (Sardinia)">Chia</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cefal%C3%B9" title="Cefalù">Cape Melqart (Cefalù)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Drepana" title="Drepana">Drepanum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eryx_(Sicily)" title="Eryx (Sicily)">Eryx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erice" title="Erice">Erice</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Soluntum" title="Soluntum">Kapara (Soluntum)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cagliari" title="History of Cagliari">Karaly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marsala" title="Marsala">Lilybaeum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Motya" title="Motya">Motya</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neapolis,_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolis, Sardinia">Neapolis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nora,_Italy" title="Nora, Italy">Nora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Olbia" title="Olbia">Olbia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinunte</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sulci" title="Sulci">Sulci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sant%27Antioco" title="Sant'Antioco">Sant'Antioco</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tharros" title="Tharros">Tharros</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Ṣiṣ (Palermo)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Amioun" title="Amioun">Amia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Enfeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfeh">Ampi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Athar (Tripoli)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Birut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Batroun" title="Batroun">Botrys (Teros)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Gebal (Byblos)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Burak" title="Tell el-Burak">Ornithon (Tell el-Burak)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jieh" title="Jieh"> Porphyreon (Jieh)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sarepta" title="Sarepta">Sarepta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Sur (Tyre)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ushu" title="Ushu">Ushu (Palaetyrus)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Amad,_Lebanon" title="Umm al-Amad, Lebanon">Umm al-Amad</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Magna" title="Leptis Magna">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khoms,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoms, Libya">Khoms</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oea" title="Oea">Oyat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sabratha" title="Sabratha">Tsabratan</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd>Maleth (<a href="/wiki/Cospicua" title="Cospicua">Cospicua</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melite_(ancient_city)" title="Melite (ancient city)">Ann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gaulos (Gozo)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C4%A7ajn_Qajjet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Għajn Qajjet (page does not exist)">Għajn Qajjet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mtarfa" title="Mtarfa">Mtarfa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ras_il-Wardija" title="Ras il-Wardija">Ras il-Wardija</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tas-Sil%C4%A1" title="Tas-Silġ">Tas-Silġ</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Morocco</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azama (Azemmour)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Arambys (Mogador)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caricus_Murus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caricus Murus (page does not exist)">Caricus Murus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lixus_(ancient_city)" title="Lixus (ancient city)">Likush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larache" title="Larache">Larache</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Shalat (Chellah)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamusida" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamusida">Tamusida</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tingis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingis">Tinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anfa" title="Anfa">Anfa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Volubilis" title="Volubilis">Volubilis</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mogador_Island" title="Mogador Island">Mogador</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rusadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oualidia" title="Oualidia">Oualidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iulia_Constantia_Zilil" title="Iulia Constantia Zilil">Zilil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Gadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Sala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thymiaterium" title="Thymiaterium">Thymiaterium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Rusibis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Portim%C3%A3o" title="Portimão">Portus Hannibalis</a></dd> <dd>Portus Magonis (Portimão)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Olissipona (Lisbon)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Ossonoba (Faro)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Balsa_(Roman_town)" title="Balsa (Roman town)">Balsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tavira" title="Tavira">Tavira</a>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Abdera,_Spain" title="Abdera, Spain">Abdera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adra,_Spain" title="Adra, Spain">Adra</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abyla" title="Abyla">Abyla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lucentum" title="Lucentum">Akra Leuka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Gadir (Cadiz)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guardamar_del_Segura" title="Guardamar del Segura">Herna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sa_Caleta_Phoenician_Settlement" title="Sa Caleta Phoenician Settlement">Iboshim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ibiza" title="Ibiza">Ibiza</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%B3n" title="Mahón">Mahón</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="History of Málaga">Malake</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Onoba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Carthage (Cartagena)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rushadir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saguntum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saguntum">Saguntum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sexi_(Phoenician_colony)" title="Sexi (Phoenician colony)">Sexi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Almunecar" class="mw-redirect" title="Almunecar">Almunecar</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADjola" title="Tíjola">Tagilit (Tíjola)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Los_Toscanos" title="Los Toscanos">Toscanos</a> (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lez-M%C3%A1laga" title="Vélez-Málaga">Velez</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peniscola" title="Peniscola">Tyreche</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Arwad</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marat (Amrit)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baniyas" title="Baniyas">Balanaea (Baniyas)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carne,_Phoenicia" title="Carne, Phoenicia">Carne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paltus" title="Paltus">Paltus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Safita" title="Safita">Safita</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Sukas" title="Tell Sukas">Shuksi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Kazel" title="Tell Kazel">Sumur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunisia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kelibia" title="Kelibia">Aspis (Kelibia)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bulla_Regia" title="Bulla Regia">Bulla Regia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hadrumetum" title="Hadrumetum">Hadrumetum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sousse" title="Sousse">Sousse</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kerkouane" title="Kerkouane">Kerkouane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Parva" title="Leptis Parva">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monastir,_Tunisia" title="Monastir, Tunisia">Monastir</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maqom_Hadesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqom Hadesh">Maqom Hadesh (Ounga)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Meninx_(town)" title="Meninx (town)">Meninx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Djerba" title="Djerba">Djerba</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspe" title="Ruspe">Ruspe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspina" title="Ruspina">Ruspina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Kef" title="El Kef">Sicca (El Kef)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tabarka" title="Tabarka">Tabarka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thenae" title="Thenae">Tayinat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thyna" title="Thyna">Thyna</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thapsus" title="Thapsus">Thapsus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thysdrus" title="Thysdrus">Thysdrus</a> (<a href="/wiki/El_Djem" title="El Djem">El Djem</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Utica,_Tunisia" title="Utica, Tunisia">Utica</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Myriandus" title="Myriandus">Myriandus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Finike" title="Finike">Phoenicus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tahpanhes" title="Tahpanhes">Tahpanhes</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290054#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290054#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290054#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1146821932007380281">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1897092/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4206863-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh94003159">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12047726k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12047726k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007534740405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/668306">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028693930">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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