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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Branding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Branding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Branding</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Branding-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Branding subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Branding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Company_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Company_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Company name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Company_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Logo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slogan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slogan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Slogan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slogan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Marks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Corporate affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorcycles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorcycles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Motorcycles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorcycles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Automobiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automobiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Automobiles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Automobiles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Automobiles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Automobiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Current models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-i_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#i_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>i models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-i_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-M_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#M_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>M models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naming_convention_for_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming_convention_for_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Naming convention for models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming_convention_for_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorsport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorsport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Motorsport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorsport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Involvement_in_the_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Involvement_in_the_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Involvement in the arts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Involvement_in_the_arts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Involvement in the arts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Involvement_in_the_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_Cars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_Cars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Art Cars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_Cars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Visual arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production_and_sales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_and_sales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Production and sales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_and_sales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recalls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recalls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Recalls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recalls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry_collaboration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry_collaboration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Industry collaboration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry_collaboration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sponsorships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sponsorships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sponsorships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sponsorships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Car-sharing_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Car-sharing_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Car-sharing services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Car-sharing_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overseas_subsidiaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overseas_subsidiaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Overseas subsidiaries</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Overseas_subsidiaries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Overseas subsidiaries subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Overseas_subsidiaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Production_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Production facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1.2</span> <span>Hungary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1.3</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1.4</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1.5</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1.6</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Complete_knock-down_assembly_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complete_knock-down_assembly_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Complete knock-down assembly facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complete_knock-down_assembly_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2.1</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2.2</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2.3</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2.4</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2.5</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2.6</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uruguay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uruguay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2.7</span> <span>Uruguay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uruguay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vehicle_importers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vehicle_importers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Vehicle importers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vehicle_importers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3.2</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3.3</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3.4</span> <span>Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">BMW</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 107 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-107" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">107 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88" title="بي إم دبليو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بي إم دبليو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88" title="بی ام و – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بی ام و" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89" title="বিএমডব্লিউ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিএমডব্লিউ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%9C%D0%92" title="БМВ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="БМВ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%9C%D0%92" title="БМВ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="БМВ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%A4%D9%8A" title="بي إم دوبلڤي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بي إم دوبلڤي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%88" title="ب‌ام‌و – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ب‌ام‌و" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_BMW" title="Groupe BMW – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Groupe BMW" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82_(BMW)" title="बीएमडब्लू (BMW) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बीएमडब्लू (BMW)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82" title="ಬಿಎಂಡಬ್ಲ್ಯೂ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಿಎಂಡಬ್ಲ್ಯೂ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%9C%D0%92" title="БМВ – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="БМВ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82.%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81." title="ബി.എം.ഡബ്ല്യു. – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബി.എം.ഡബ്ല്യു." data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="बीएमडब्ल्यू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बीएमडब्ल्यू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88" title="بى ام دبليو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بى ام دبليو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%97%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0" title="ဘီအမ်ဒဗလျူ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘီအမ်ဒဗလျူ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%88%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88" title="بی ایم ڈبلیو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بی ایم ڈبلیو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88" title="ب ام و – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ب ام و" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="बि एम् डब्ल्यू – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="बि एम् डब्ल्यू" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A" title="බී එම් ඩබ්ලිව් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බී එම් ඩබ්ලිව්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%85_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88" title="بی ئێم دەبلیوو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بی ئێم دەبلیوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF.%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82" title="பி.எம்.டபிள்யூ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பி.எம்.டபிள்யூ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9" title="บีเอ็มดับเบิลยู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บีเอ็มดับเบิลยู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%88%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88" title="بی ایم ڈبلیو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بی ایم ڈبلیو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8_%D9%85_%DB%8B" title="ب م ۋ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ب م ۋ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E9%A9%AC" title="宝马 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="宝马" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%B6%E9%A6%AC_(%E8%BB%8A)" title="寶馬 (車) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="寶馬 (車)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="BMW" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q26678#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/BMW" 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German luxury automotive manufacturer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the German motor vehicle manufacturer. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/BMW_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="BMW (disambiguation)">BMW (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;"><i>Bayerische Motoren Werke AG</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg/220px-Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg/330px-Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg/440px-Logo_BMW_Group_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="267" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:4_cilindros_de_BMW,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/4_cilindros_de_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania1.jpg/250px-4_cilindros_de_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/4_cilindros_de_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania1.jpg/330px-4_cilindros_de_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/4_cilindros_de_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania1.jpg/500px-4_cilindros_de_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2286" data-file-height="3540" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Headquarters" title="BMW Headquarters">BMW Headquarters</a> in Munich, Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Rapp_Motorenwerke" title="Rapp Motorenwerke">Rapp Motorenwerke</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft" title="Aktiengesellschaft">Aktiengesellschaft</a></i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">FWB</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boerse-frankfurt.de/global-search/BMW">BMW</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessors</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Flugmaschinenfabrik" title="Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik">Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapp_Motorenwerke" title="Rapp Motorenwerke">Rapp Motorenwerke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach" title="Automobilwerk Eisenach">Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">27 October 1913<span class="noprint">; 111 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1913-10-27</span>)</span> (as <i><a href="/wiki/Rapp_Motorenwerke" title="Rapp Motorenwerke">Rapp Motorenwerke</a></i>)<br />March 7, 1916<span class="noprint">; 109 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1916-03-07</span>)</span> (as BMW)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rapp" title="Karl Rapp">Karl Rapp</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Zipse" title="Oliver Zipse">Oliver Zipse</a> (Chairman of management board)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Reithofer" title="Norbert Reithofer">Norbert Reithofer</a> (Chairman of supervisory board)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Cars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycles</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production output</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2,661,922 cars (2023)</li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 221,988 motorcycles (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-AR2023_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Brands</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b>Automobiles</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alpina" title="Alpina">Alpina</a></li><li><a href="#Automobiles">BMW</a> (<a href="/wiki/BMW_i" title="BMW i">i</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_M" title="BMW M">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X" title="BMW X">X</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_Z" title="BMW Z">Z</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mini_(marque)" title="Mini (marque)">Mini</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce</a></li><li><b>Motorcycles</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Motorrad" title="BMW Motorrad">BMW Motorrad</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category">Car-sharing services, financing, leasing, insurance and other financial services</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>155.50</span> <a href="/wiki/Billion_(short_scale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Billion (short scale)">billion</a> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-AR2023_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span class="nowrap">€17.096</span> billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-AR2023_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span class="nowrap">€12.165</span> billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-AR2023_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span class="nowrap">€250.89</span> billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-AR2023_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span class="nowrap">€92.923</span> billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-AR2023_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owners</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Quandt" title="Stefan Quandt">Stefan Quandt</a> (25.8%)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Susanne_Klatten" title="Susanne Klatten">Susanne Klatten</a> (20.9%)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">154,950 (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-AR2023_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bmwgroup.com">bmwgroup<wbr />.com</a></span> (corporate)</li><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bmw.com">bmw<wbr />.com</a></span> (brand)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Bayerische Motoren Werke AG</b></i>, trading as <b>BMW Group</b> (commonly abbreviated to <b>BMW</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˌbeːʔɛmˈveː]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/86\/De-BMW.ogg\/De-BMW.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-BMW.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/De-BMW.ogg/De-BMW.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-BMW.ogg" title="File:De-BMW.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>), sometimes anglicised as <b>Bavarian Motor Works</b>), is a German multinational manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Luxury_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxury vehicle">luxury vehicles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycles</a> headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, Germany. The company was founded in 1916 as a manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_engine" title="Aircraft engine">aircraft engines</a>, which it produced from 1917 to 1918 and again from 1933 to 1945, creating engines for aircraft that were used in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. </p><p>The company's automobiles are marketed under the BMW, <a href="/wiki/Mini_(marque)" title="Mini (marque)">Mini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce</a> brands, and motorcycles are marketed under the <a href="/wiki/BMW_Motorrad" title="BMW Motorrad">BMW Motorrad</a> brand. In 2023, BMW was the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_manufacturers_by_motor_vehicle_production" class="mw-redirect" title="List of manufacturers by motor vehicle production">ninth-largest producer of motor vehicles</a>, and the 6th largest by revenue,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 2,555,341 vehicles produced in that year alone.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, the company was ranked 46th in the <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000" title="Forbes Global 2000">Forbes Global 2000</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company has significant motor-sport history, especially in <a href="/wiki/Touring_car_racing" title="Touring car racing">touring cars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sports_car_racing" title="Sports car racing">sports cars</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT" title="Isle of Man TT">Isle of Man TT</a>. </p><p>BMW is <a href="/wiki/BMW_Headquarters" title="BMW Headquarters">headquartered in Munich</a> and produces motor vehicles in Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, India, China, and previously also in the Netherlands (ceased in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quandt_(family)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quandt (family) (page does not exist)">Quandt family</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quandt_(Familie)" class="extiw" title="de:Quandt (Familie)">de</a>]</span> is a long-term shareholder of the company, following investments by the brothers <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Quandt" title="Herbert Quandt">Herbert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harald_Quandt" title="Harald Quandt">Harald Quandt</a> in 1959 that saved BMW from <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a>, with the remaining shares owned by <a href="/wiki/Public_float" title="Public float">the public</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_BMW" title="History of BMW">History of BMW</a></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Otto_Flugmaschinenfabrik" title="Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik">Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik</a></i> was founded in 1910 by <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Otto" title="Gustav Otto">Gustav Otto</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a>, which was a state of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>. The firm was reorganized on 7 March 1916 into <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG</i></span>. This company was then renamed to <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bayerische Motoren Werke</i></span> (BMW) in 1922. However, the name BMW dates back to 1913, when a company to use the name was founded by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Rapp" title="Karl Rapp">Karl Rapp</a> initially as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Rapp_Motorenwerke" title="Rapp Motorenwerke">Rapp Motorenwerke</a></i></span>. The name and <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Rapp Motorenwerke</span></span>'s engine-production assets were transferred to <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bayerische Flugzeugwerke</i></span> in 1922, who adopted the name the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BMW's first product was produced for fighter aircraft of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Luftstreitkr%C3%A4fte" title="Luftstreitkräfte">Luftstreitkräfte</a></i></span>. It was a straight-six aircraft engine called the <a href="/wiki/BMW_IIIa" title="BMW IIIa">BMW IIIa</a>, designed in the spring of 1917 by engineer <a href="/wiki/Max_Friz" title="Max Friz">Max Friz</a>. Following the end of World War I, BMW remained in business by producing motorcycle engines, agricultural equipment, household items, and railway brakes. The company produced its first motorcycle, the <i><a href="/wiki/BMW_R32" title="BMW R32">BMW R 32</a></i>, in 1923. </p><p>BMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1928 when it purchased Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach, which, at the time, built the <a href="/wiki/Austin_7" title="Austin 7">Austin 7</a> under licence from <a href="/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach" title="Automobilwerk Eisenach">Dixi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Odin_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Odin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first car sold as a BMW was a rebadged <a href="/wiki/BMW_Dixi" title="BMW Dixi">BMW Dixi</a> called the <a href="/wiki/BMW_3/15" title="BMW 3/15">BMW 3/15</a>, following BMW's acquisition of the car manufacturer Automobilwerk Eisenach. Throughout the 1930s, BMW expanded its range into sports cars and larger luxury cars.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aircraft engines, motorcycles, and automobiles would be BMW's main products until World War II. During the war, BMW concentrated on the <a href="/wiki/BMW_801" title="BMW 801">BMW 801</a> aircraft engine using as many as 40,000 slave laborers.<sup id="cite_ref-dw.com_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These consisted primarily of prisoners from <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a>, most prominently <a href="/wiki/Dachau" class="mw-redirect" title="Dachau">Dachau</a>. Motorcycles remained as a side-line and automobile manufacture ceased altogether. </p><p>BMW's factories were heavily bombed during the war and its remaining West German facilities were banned from producing motor vehicles or aircraft after the war. Again, the company survived by making pots, pans, and bicycles. In 1948, BMW restarted motorcycle production. BMW resumed car production in Bavaria in 1952 with the <a href="/wiki/BMW_501" title="BMW 501">BMW 501</a> luxury saloon. The range of cars was expanded in 1955, through the production of the cheaper <a href="/wiki/Isetta" title="Isetta">Isetta</a> microcar under licence. Slow sales of luxury cars and small profit margins from microcars, meant BMW was in serious financial trouble and in 1959 the company was nearly taken over by rival Daimler-Benz.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A large investment in BMW by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Quandt" title="Herbert Quandt">Herbert Quandt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harald_Quandt" title="Harald Quandt">Harald Quandt</a> resulted in the company surviving as a separate entity. <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Quandt" title="Günther Quandt">Günther Quandt</a> was a well-known German industrialist and joined the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi party">Nazi party</a> in 1933; he made a fortune arming the German Wehrmacht, manufacturing weapons and batteries.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of his enterprises were appropriated from Jewish owners under duress with minimal compensation. At least three of his enterprises made extensive use of slave laborers, as many as 50,000 in all.<sup id="cite_ref-VartaJVL_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VartaJVL-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of his battery factories had its own on-site concentration camp, complete with gallows. Life expectancy for laborers was six months.<sup id="cite_ref-VartaJVL_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VartaJVL-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Quandt and BMW were not directly connected during the war, funds amassed in the Nazi era by his father allowed Herbert Quandt to buy BMW.<sup id="cite_ref-dw.com_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The relative success of the small <a href="/wiki/BMW_700" title="BMW 700">BMW 700</a> assisted in the company's recovery, allowing them to develop the New Class sedans. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg/250px-Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg/330px-Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg/500px-Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg 2x" data-file-width="954" data-file-height="582" /></a><figcaption>1972 <a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(E12)" title="BMW 5 Series (E12)">BMW 5 Series</a> (1st generation)</figcaption></figure> <p>The 1962 introduction of the <a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Class" title="BMW New Class">BMW New Class</a> compact sedans was the beginning of BMW's reputation as a leading manufacturer of sport-oriented cars. Throughout the 1960s, BMW expanded its range by adding coupé and luxury sedan models. The <a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series" title="BMW 5 Series">BMW 5 Series</a> mid-size sedan range was introduced in 1972, followed by the <a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series" title="BMW 3 Series">BMW 3 Series</a> compact sedans in 1975, the <a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series" title="BMW 6 Series">BMW 6 Series</a> luxury coupés in 1976 and the <a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series" title="BMW 7 Series">BMW 7 Series</a> large luxury sedans in 1978. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/BMW_M" title="BMW M">BMW M</a> division released its first road car, the <a href="/wiki/BMW_M1" title="BMW M1">M1</a>, a mid-engine supercar, in 1978. This was followed by the <a href="/wiki/BMW_M5" title="BMW M5">BMW M5</a> in 1984 and the <a href="/wiki/BMW_M3" title="BMW M3">BMW M3</a> in 1986. Also in 1986, BMW introduced its first V12 engine in the 750i luxury sedan. The 1989 <a href="/wiki/BMW_Z1" title="BMW Z1">BMW Z1</a> marked BMW's return to making a two-seat roadster, the 1995 <a href="/wiki/BMW_Z3" title="BMW Z3">BMW Z3</a> was their first mass-production two-seat roadster, and the 1999 <a href="/wiki/BMW_X5_(E53)" title="BMW X5 (E53)">BMW X5</a> was the company's first entry into the SUV market. </p><p>The company purchased the <a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a> in 1994, but the takeover was not successful and caused BMW large financial losses. In 2000, BMW sold off most of the Rover brands, retaining only the Mini brand. In 1998, BMW also acquired the rights to the Rolls-Royce brand from <a href="/wiki/Vickers" title="Vickers">Vickers</a>. </p><p>The first modern mass-produced turbocharged petrol engine was introduced in 2006 (from 1973 to 1975, BMW built 1,672 units of a turbocharged <a href="/wiki/BMW_M10" title="BMW M10">BMW M10</a> engine for the <a href="/wiki/BMW_02_Series" title="BMW 02 Series">BMW 02 Series</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with most engines switching over to turbocharging over the 2010s. The first hybrid BMW was the 2010 <a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(F01)" title="BMW 7 Series (F01)">BMW ActiveHybrid 7</a>, and BMW's first mass-production electric car was the <a href="/wiki/BMW_i3" title="BMW i3">BMW i3</a> city car, which was released in 2013, (from 1968 to 1972, BMW built two battery-electric <a href="/wiki/BMW_02_Series" title="BMW 02 Series">BMW 1602 Elektro</a> saloons for the 1972 Olympic Games).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After many years of establishing a reputation for sporting rear-wheel drive cars, BMW's first <a href="/wiki/Front-wheel_drive" title="Front-wheel drive">front-wheel drive</a> car was the 2014 <a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer" title="BMW 2 Series Active Tourer">BMW 2 Series Active Tourer</a> <a href="/wiki/Minivan" title="Minivan">multi-purpose vehicle (MPV)</a>. </p><p>In March 2018, Daimler and BMW merged their mobility services.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2019, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Zipse" title="Oliver Zipse">Oliver Zipse</a> replaced <a href="/wiki/Harald_Kr%C3%BCger" title="Harald Krüger">Harald Krüger</a> as the head of the BMW Group.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2021, BMW announced that its sales in 2020 fell by 8.4 percent due to the impact of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> restrictions. However, in the fourth quarter of 2020, BMW witnessed a rise of 3.2% in its customers' demands.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This recovery was supported by the company's adoption of widely accepted technologies and integration of third-party services such as Apple Pay and on-demand music as well as key partnerships such as its collaboration with Daimler on autonomous driving.<sup id="cite_ref-Haider_119–135_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haider_119–135-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, BMW's strategic investment decisions which include localizing production of its SUVs to the Spartanburg plant in the U.S., placed the group in a position to easily navigate trade challenges and shifting consumer patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-Haider_119–135_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haider_119–135-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 January 2022 BMW announced a BMW 7 Series (G11) special edition simply called "The Final V12",<sup id="cite_ref-Road_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Road-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the last BMW series production vehicle to be fitted with a V-12 engine.<sup id="cite_ref-Road_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Road-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 October 2023 it was announced that BMW UK CEO Chris Brownridge would succeed Torsten Müller-Ötvös as the CEO of Rolls-Royce starting 1 December 2023, as a result of Müller-Ötvös retiring.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Branding">Branding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Branding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_Dixi_badge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/BMW_Dixi_badge.jpg/250px-BMW_Dixi_badge.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/BMW_Dixi_badge.jpg/330px-BMW_Dixi_badge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/BMW_Dixi_badge.jpg/500px-BMW_Dixi_badge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="878" data-file-height="1220" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">BMW badge on a 1931 <a href="/wiki/BMW_Dixi" title="BMW Dixi">Dixi</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bavaria_(lozengy).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/500px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bavaria" title="Flag of Bavaria">Flag of Bavaria</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26.jpg/200px-2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26.jpg/300px-2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26.jpg/400px-2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4003" data-file-height="3356" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1970 <a href="/wiki/BMW_02_Series#2002" title="BMW 02 Series">BMW 2002ti</a> Garmisch concept</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Company_name">Company name</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Company name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BMW is an abbreviation for <i>Bayerische Motoren Werke</i>. This name is grammatically incorrect (in German, compound words must not contain spaces), which is why the grammatically correct form of the name, <i>Bayerische Motorenwerke</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈbaɪʁɪʃə<span class="wrap"> </span>moˈtoːʁənˌvɛʁkə]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e1\/GT_BMW-AG.ogg\/GT_BMW-AG.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"GT BMW-AG.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/GT_BMW-AG.ogg/GT_BMW-AG.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:GT_BMW-AG.ogg" title="File:GT BMW-AG.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) has been used in several publications and advertisements in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Bayerische Motorenwerke</i> translates into English as <i>Bavarian Motor Works</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suffix AG, short for <i><a href="/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft" title="Aktiengesellschaft">Aktiengesellschaft</a></i>, signifies an incorporated entity owned by shareholders, thus akin to "Inc." (US) or PLC, "Public Limited Company" (UK). </p><p>The terms Beemer, Bimmer and Bee-em are sometimes used as <a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slang</a> for BMW in the English language<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are sometimes used interchangeably for cars and motorcycles.<sup id="cite_ref-Lighter1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lighter1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lighter2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lighter2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logo">Logo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Logo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The circular blue and white BMW logo or <a href="/wiki/Roundel#Corporate_use" title="Roundel">roundel</a> evolved from the circular <i><a href="/wiki/Rapp_Motorenwerke" title="Rapp Motorenwerke">Rapp Motorenwerke</a></i> company logo, which featured a black ring bearing the company name surrounding the company logo,<sup id="cite_ref-bmw.com_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmw.com-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an image of a horse head on a plinth. BMW retained Rapp's black ring inscribed with the company name, but the interior of the ring is quartered blue and white, reminiscent of the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bavaria" title="Coat of arms of Bavaria">coat of arms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bavaria" title="Flag of Bavaria">flag of Bavaria</a> (which in turn are based on the arms of the historic <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">House of Wittelsbach</a>, which <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bavaria" title="List of rulers of Bavaria">ruled Bavaria</a> for many centuries).<sup id="cite_ref-bmw.com_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmw.com-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The logo does not bear the distinctive lozenge shape found on the coat of arms, however, as local laws at the time it was introduced forbade the use of state coats of arms on commercial logos.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A persistent myth claims that the logo is based on the image of an airplane propeller spinning in a blue sky. This myth likely stems from a 1929 BMW advertisement that depicted the logo superimposed on a rotating propeller. However, the logo predates that advertisement by 12 years.<sup id="cite_ref-bmw.com_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmw.com-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current iteration of the logo was introduced in 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> removing 3D effects that had been used in previous renderings of the logo while removing the black outline encircling the rondel. The logo is used for BMW's branding communications but it is not used on vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left 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img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo used in vehicles since 1997"><img alt="Logo used in vehicles since 1997" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/BMW.svg/150px-BMW.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/BMW.svg/225px-BMW.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/BMW.svg/300px-BMW.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="1015" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Logo used in vehicles since 1997</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Squircle_(120290377).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The logo on a BMW car"><img alt="The logo on a BMW car" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Squircle_%28120290377%29.jpg/250px-Squircle_%28120290377%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Squircle_%28120290377%29.jpg/330px-Squircle_%28120290377%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1642" data-file-height="1614" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The logo on a BMW car</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_logo_(gray).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020"><img alt="Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/BMW_logo_%28gray%29.svg/250px-BMW_logo_%28gray%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/BMW_logo_%28gray%29.svg/330px-BMW_logo_%28gray%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slogan">Slogan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Slogan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The slogan 'The Ultimate Driving Machine' was first used in North America in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, this long-lived campaign was mostly supplanted by a campaign intended to make the brand more approachable and to better appeal to women, 'Joy'. By 2012 BMW had returned to 'The Ultimate Driving Machine'.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marks">Marks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2023, the <a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)</a>’s Madrid Yearly Review ranked BMW's number of marks applications filled under the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Protocol" title="Madrid Protocol">Madrid System</a> as 2nd in the world, with 124 <a href="/wiki/Trademarks" class="mw-redirect" title="Trademarks">trademarks</a> applications submitted during 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Corporate affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Sales by region (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Region </th> <th>share </th></tr> <tr> <td>China </td> <td>25.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rest of Europe </td> <td>25.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States </td> <td>20.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany </td> <td>11.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rest of Asia </td> <td>9.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rest of Americas </td> <td>3.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rest of the World </td> <td>1.9% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Sales by business unit (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Region </th> <th>share </th></tr> <tr> <td>Automotive </td> <td>77.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Financial services </td> <td>21.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Motorcycles </td> <td>1.9% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The key trends of the BMW Group are (as at the financial year ending December 31):<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Revenue<br />(€ bn) </th> <th>Net income<br />(€ bn) </th> <th>Total assets<br />(€ bn) </th> <th>Number of<br />sold cars<br />(m)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Employees<br />(k) </th></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td>56.0 </td> <td>3.1 </td> <td>88.9 </td> <td>1.5 </td> <td>107 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td>53.1 </td> <td>0.32 </td> <td>101 </td> <td>1.4 </td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td>50.6 </td> <td>0.20 </td> <td>101 </td> <td>1.2 </td> <td>96.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>60.4 </td> <td>3.2 </td> <td>108 </td> <td>1.4 </td> <td>95.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>68.8 </td> <td>4.8 </td> <td>123 </td> <td>1.6 </td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>76.8 </td> <td>5.0 </td> <td>131 </td> <td>1.8 </td> <td>105 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>76.0 </td> <td>5.3 </td> <td>138 </td> <td>1.9 </td> <td>110 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>80.4 </td> <td>5.7 </td> <td>154 </td> <td>2.1 </td> <td>116 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>92.1 </td> <td>6.3 </td> <td>172 </td> <td>2.2 </td> <td>122 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>94.1 </td> <td>6.8 </td> <td>188 </td> <td>2.3 </td> <td>124 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>98.6 </td> <td>8.6 </td> <td>193 </td> <td>2.4 </td> <td>129 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>97.4 </td> <td>7.1 </td> <td>208 </td> <td>2.4 </td> <td>134 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>104 </td> <td>4.9 </td> <td>241 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td>133 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>98.9 </td> <td>3.7 </td> <td>216 </td> <td>2.3 </td> <td>120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>111 </td> <td>12.3 </td> <td>229 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td>118 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>142 </td> <td>17.9 </td> <td>246 </td> <td>2.3 </td> <td>146 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>155 </td> <td>11.2 </td> <td>250 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td>152 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motorcycles">Motorcycles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Motorcycles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/BMW_Motorrad" title="BMW Motorrad">BMW Motorrad</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_BMW_motorcycles" title="History of BMW motorcycles">History of BMW motorcycles</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R32-pn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/R32-pn.jpg/250px-R32-pn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/R32-pn.jpg/330px-R32-pn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/R32-pn.jpg/500px-R32-pn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/BMW_R32" title="BMW R32">R32</a> <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycle</a>, the first BMW <a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle" title="Motor vehicle">motor vehicle</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/BMW_Museum" title="BMW Museum">BMW Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_R1200RT_right.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/2015_R1200RT_right.jpg/250px-2015_R1200RT_right.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/2015_R1200RT_right.jpg/330px-2015_R1200RT_right.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/2015_R1200RT_right.jpg/500px-2015_R1200RT_right.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>The 2015 <a href="/wiki/BMW_R1200RT" title="BMW R1200RT">BMW R1200RT</a></figcaption></figure> <p>BMW began production of motorcycle engines and then motorcycles after World War I.<sup id="cite_ref-artof_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artof-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its motorcycle brand is now known as <a href="/wiki/BMW_Motorrad" title="BMW Motorrad">BMW Motorrad</a>. Their first successful motorcycle after the failed Helios and Flink, was the "<a href="/wiki/BMW_R32" title="BMW R32">R32</a>" in 1923, though production originally began in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This had a "<a href="/wiki/Flat-twin_engine" title="Flat-twin engine">boxer</a>" twin engine, in which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each side of the machine. Apart from their single-cylinder models (basically to the same pattern), all their motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early 1980s. Many BMW's are still produced in this layout, which is designated the <a href="/wiki/History_of_BMW_motorcycles#R_series" title="History of BMW motorcycles">R Series</a>. </p><p>The entire BMW Motorcycle production has, since 1969, been located at the company's Berlin-Spandau factory. </p><p>During the Second World War, BMW produced the <a href="/wiki/BMW_R75" title="BMW R75">BMW R75</a> motorcycle with a motor-driven <a href="/wiki/Sidecar" title="Sidecar">sidecar</a> attached, combined with a lockable <a href="/wiki/Differential_(mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Differential (mechanics)">differential</a>, this made the vehicle very capable off-road.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1982, came the <a href="/wiki/BMW_K1200S" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW K1200S">K Series</a>, shaft drive but water-cooled and with either three or four cylinders mounted in a straight line from front to back. Shortly after, BMW also started making the chain-driven <a href="/wiki/History_of_BMW_motorcycles#F_series" title="History of BMW motorcycles">F</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_BMW_motorcycles#G_series" title="History of BMW motorcycles">G</a> series with single and parallel twin <a href="/wiki/Rotax" title="Rotax">Rotax</a> engines. </p><p>In the early 1990s, BMW updated the <a href="/wiki/Airhead_(motorcycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Airhead (motorcycle)">airhead</a> Boxer engine which became known as the <a href="/wiki/Oilhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Oilhead">oilhead</a>. In 2002, the oilhead engine had two spark plugs per cylinder. In 2004 it added a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to 1,170 cc (71 cu in) and enhanced performance to 75 kW (101 hp) for the <a href="/wiki/BMW_R1200GS" title="BMW R1200GS">R1200GS</a>, compared to 63 kW (84 hp) of the previous <a href="/wiki/BMW_R1150GS" title="BMW R1150GS">R1150GS</a>. More powerful variants of the oilhead engines are available in the R1100S and R1200S, producing 73 and 91 kW (98 and 122 hp), respectively. </p><p>In 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a departure for BMW. It had an engine producing 125 kW (168 hp), derived from the company's work with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than previous K models. Innovations include electronically adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork that BMW calls Duolever. </p><p>BMW introduced <a href="/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system" title="Anti-lock braking system">anti-lock brakes</a> on production motorcycles starting in the late 1980s. The generation of anti-lock brakes available on the 2006 and later BMW motorcycles paved the way for the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_stability_control" title="Electronic stability control">electronic stability control</a>, or anti-skid technology later in the 2007 model year. </p><p>BMW has been an innovator in motorcycle suspension design, taking up telescopic front suspension long before most other manufacturers. Then they switched to an <a href="/wiki/Earles_fork" class="mw-redirect" title="Earles fork">Earles fork</a>, front suspension by swinging fork (1955 to 1969). Most modern BMWs are truly rear swingarm, single sided at the back (compare with the regular swinging fork usually, and wrongly, called <a href="/wiki/Swinging_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Swinging arm">swinging arm</a>). Some BMWs started using yet another trademark front suspension design, the Telelever, in the early 1990s. Like the Earles fork, the Telelever significantly reduces dive under braking.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BMW Group, on 31 January 2013, announced that Pierer Industrie AG has bought <a href="/wiki/Husqvarna_Motorcycles" title="Husqvarna Motorcycles">Husqvarna Motorcycles</a> for an undisclosed amount, which will not be revealed by either party in the future. The company is headed by Stephan Pierer (CEO of KTM). Pierer Industrie AG is 51% owner of KTM and 100% owner of Husqvarna. </p><p>In September 2018, BMW unveiled a new self-driving motorcycle with BMW Motorrad with a goal of using the technology to help improve road safety.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design of the <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">bike</a> was inspired by the company's <a href="/wiki/BMW_R1200GS" title="BMW R1200GS">BMW R1200 GS</a> model.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Automobiles">Automobiles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Automobiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_models">Current models</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Current models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_BMW_vehicles" title="List of BMW vehicles">List of BMW vehicles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mini_(marque)" title="Mini (marque)">Mini (marque)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce Motor Cars</a></div> <p>The current model lines of BMW cars are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_1_Series" title="BMW 1 Series">1 Series</a> five-door hatchbacks (model code <a href="/wiki/BMW_1_Series_(F70)" title="BMW 1 Series (F70)">F70</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series" title="BMW 2 Series">2 Series</a> two-door coupes (model code <a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_(G42)" title="BMW 2 Series (G42)">G42</a>), "Active Tourer" five-seat MPVs (<a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer" title="BMW 2 Series Active Tourer">U06</a>), four-door "Gran Coupe" fastback sedans (model code <a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9" title="BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé">F74</a>) and long wheelbase model exclusive to China (<a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9" title="BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé">F78</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series" title="BMW 3 Series">3 Series</a> four-door sedans (model code <a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(G20)" title="BMW 3 Series (G20)">G20</a>), five-door station wagons (<a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(G20)" title="BMW 3 Series (G20)">G21</a>) and long wheelbase model exclusive to China (<a href="/wiki/BMW_G20" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW G20">G28</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_4_Series" title="BMW 4 Series">4 Series</a> two-door coupes (model code <a href="/wiki/BMW_4_Series_(G22)" title="BMW 4 Series (G22)">G22</a>), two-door convertibles (model code <a href="/wiki/BMW_4_Series_(G22)" title="BMW 4 Series (G22)">G23</a>) and five-door "Gran Coupe" fastbacks (model code <a href="/wiki/BMW_4_Series_(G22)" title="BMW 4 Series (G22)">G26</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series" title="BMW 5 Series">5 Series</a> four-door sedans (model code <a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(G60)" title="BMW 5 Series (G60)">G60</a>), five-door station wagons (<a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(G60)" title="BMW 5 Series (G60)">G61</a>) and long wheelbase model exclusive to China (<a href="/wiki/BMW_G60" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW G60">G68</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series" title="BMW 7 Series">7 Series</a> four-door sedans (model code <a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(G70)" title="BMW 7 Series (G70)">G70</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_8_Series" title="BMW 8 Series">8 Series</a> two-door coupes (model code <a href="/wiki/BMW_8_Series_(G14)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW 8 Series (G14)">G14</a>), two-door convertibles (<a href="/wiki/BMW_8_Series_(G15)" title="BMW 8 Series (G15)">G15</a>) and "Gran Coupe" four-door fastback sedans (<a href="/wiki/BMW_8_Series_(G14)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW 8 Series (G14)">G16</a>).</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_120_(F70)_IMG_0362.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1 Series (F70)"><img alt="1 Series (F70)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BMW_120_%28F70%29_IMG_0362.jpg/500px-BMW_120_%28F70%29_IMG_0362.jpg" decoding="async" width="221" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BMW_120_%28F70%29_IMG_0362.jpg/960px-BMW_120_%28F70%29_IMG_0362.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4420" data-file-height="2404" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1 Series (<a href="/wiki/BMW_1_Series_(F70)" title="BMW 1 Series (F70)">F70</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_220d_(F74)_DSC_7359.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2 Series Gran Coupé (F74)"><img alt="2 Series Gran Coupé (F74)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/BMW_220d_%28F74%29_DSC_7359.jpg/330px-BMW_220d_%28F74%29_DSC_7359.jpg" decoding="async" width="211" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/BMW_220d_%28F74%29_DSC_7359.jpg/500px-BMW_220d_%28F74%29_DSC_7359.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/BMW_220d_%28F74%29_DSC_7359.jpg/960px-BMW_220d_%28F74%29_DSC_7359.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4647" data-file-height="2650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2 Series Gran Coupé (<a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9" title="BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé">F74</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2 Series (G42)"><img alt="2 Series (G42)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg/500px-BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg/960px-BMW_G42_1X7A0370.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5686" data-file-height="3032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2 Series (<a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_(G42)" title="BMW 2 Series (G42)">G42</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="3 Series (G20)"><img alt="3 Series (G20)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg/500px-2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="243" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg/960px-2019_BMW_318d_SE_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4681" data-file-height="2318" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">3 Series (<a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(G20)" title="BMW 3 Series (G20)">G20</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 256.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 254.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="4 Series (G22)"><img alt="4 Series (G22)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg/500px-2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg" decoding="async" width="255" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg/960px-2020_BMW_420i_Sport_Automatic_2.0.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4738" data-file-height="2238" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">4 Series (<a href="/wiki/BMW_4_Series_(G22)" title="BMW 4 Series (G22)">G22</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 243.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 241.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="5 Series (G60)"><img alt="5 Series (G60)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg/362px-BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg/543px-BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg/724px-BMW_G60_520d_1X7A1681.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3822" data-file-height="1901" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">5 Series (<a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(G60)" title="BMW 5 Series (G60)">G60</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 237.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 235.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="7 Series (G70)"><img alt="7 Series (G70)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg/500px-BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg" decoding="async" width="236" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg/960px-BMW_G70_740d_1X7A7230.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5625" data-file-height="2872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">7 Series (<a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(G70)" title="BMW 7 Series (G70)">G70</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 243.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 241.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="8 Series (G15)"><img alt="8 Series (G15)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg/500px-BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg/960px-BMW_G14_IMG_6039.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4851" data-file-height="2418" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">8 Series (<a href="/wiki/BMW_8_Series_(G15)" title="BMW 8 Series (G15)">G15</a>)</div> </li> </ul> <p>The current model lines of the <a href="/wiki/BMW_X" title="BMW X">X Series</a> SUVs and crossovers are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_X1" title="BMW X1">X1</a> (<a href="/wiki/BMW_X1_(U11)" title="BMW X1 (U11)">U11</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_X2" title="BMW X2">X2</a> (<a href="/wiki/BMW_X2" title="BMW X2">U10</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_X3" title="BMW X3">X3</a> (<a href="/wiki/BMW_X3" title="BMW X3">G45</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_X4" title="BMW X4">X4</a> (<a href="/wiki/BMW_X4_(G02)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW X4 (G02)">G02</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_X5" title="BMW X5">X5</a> (<a href="/wiki/BMW_X5_(G05)" title="BMW X5 (G05)">G05</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_X6" title="BMW X6">X6</a> (<a href="/wiki/BMW_X6_(G06)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW X6 (G06)">G06</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_X7" title="BMW X7">X7</a> (<a href="/wiki/BMW_X7_(G07)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW X7 (G07)">G07</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_XM" title="BMW XM">XM</a> (<a href="/wiki/BMW_XM_(G09)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW XM (G09)">G09</a>)</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="X1 (U11)"><img alt="X1 (U11)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg/320px-BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg/480px-BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg/640px-BMW_U11_1X7A6826.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5021" data-file-height="2827" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">X1 (<a href="/wiki/BMW_X1_(U11)" title="BMW X1 (U11)">U11</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 230px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 228px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="X2 (U10)"><img alt="X2 (U10)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg/342px-BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg" decoding="async" width="228" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg/512px-BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg/683px-BMW_U10_1X7A2456.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5375" data-file-height="2835" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">X2 (<a href="/wiki/BMW_X2" title="BMW X2">U10</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_G45_20_IMG_2276.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="X3 (G45)"><img alt="X3 (G45)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/BMW_G45_20_IMG_2276.jpg/330px-BMW_G45_20_IMG_2276.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/BMW_G45_20_IMG_2276.jpg/500px-BMW_G45_20_IMG_2276.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/BMW_G45_20_IMG_2276.jpg/960px-BMW_G45_20_IMG_2276.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5441" data-file-height="3621" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">X3 (<a href="/wiki/BMW_X3" title="BMW X3">G45</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 218px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 216px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_BMW_X4_xDrive20d_M_Sport_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="X4 (G02)"><img alt="X4 (G02)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2018_BMW_X4_xDrive20d_M_Sport_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg/330px-2018_BMW_X4_xDrive20d_M_Sport_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="216" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2018_BMW_X4_xDrive20d_M_Sport_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg/500px-2018_BMW_X4_xDrive20d_M_Sport_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2018_BMW_X4_xDrive20d_M_Sport_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg/960px-2018_BMW_X4_xDrive20d_M_Sport_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4553" data-file-height="2530" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">X4 (<a href="/wiki/BMW_X4_(G02)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW X4 (G02)">G02</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 193.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="X5 (G05)"><img alt="X5 (G05)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg/330px-2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg/500px-2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg/960px-2019_BMW_X5_M50d_Automatic_3.0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5131" data-file-height="3189" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">X5 (<a href="/wiki/BMW_X5_(G05)" title="BMW X5 (G05)">G05</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 218px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 216px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="X6 (G06)"><img alt="X6 (G06)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg/330px-BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg" decoding="async" width="216" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg/500px-BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg/960px-BMW_G06_IMG_3715.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4816" data-file-height="2678" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">X6 (<a href="/wiki/BMW_X6_(G06)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW X6 (G06)">G06</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 198.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_G07_(2022)_1X7A6450.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="X7 (G07)"><img alt="X7 (G07)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/BMW_G07_%282022%29_1X7A6450.jpg/298px-BMW_G07_%282022%29_1X7A6450.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/BMW_G07_%282022%29_1X7A6450.jpg/446px-BMW_G07_%282022%29_1X7A6450.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/BMW_G07_%282022%29_1X7A6450.jpg/595px-BMW_G07_%282022%29_1X7A6450.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4806" data-file-height="2910" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">X7 (<a href="/wiki/BMW_X7_(G07)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW X7 (G07)">G07</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_XM_(G09)_IMG_7778.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="XM (G09)"><img alt="XM (G09)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BMW_XM_%28G09%29_IMG_7778.jpg/330px-BMW_XM_%28G09%29_IMG_7778.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BMW_XM_%28G09%29_IMG_7778.jpg/500px-BMW_XM_%28G09%29_IMG_7778.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BMW_XM_%28G09%29_IMG_7778.jpg/960px-BMW_XM_%28G09%29_IMG_7778.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4933" data-file-height="2778" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">XM (<a href="/wiki/BMW_XM" title="BMW XM">G09</a>)</div> </li> </ul> <p>The current model line of the <a href="/wiki/BMW_Z" title="BMW Z">Z Series</a> two-door roadsters is the <b>Z4</b> (model code <a href="/wiki/BMW_Z4_(G29)" title="BMW Z4 (G29)">G29</a>). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Z4 (G29)"><img alt="Z4 (G29)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg/330px-2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg/500px-2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg/960px-2019_BMW_Z4_M40i_Automatic_3.0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4306" data-file-height="2433" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Z4 (<a href="/wiki/BMW_Z4_(G29)" title="BMW Z4 (G29)">G29</a>)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="i_models">i models</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: i models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BMW_i" title="BMW i">BMW i</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/All-electric_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="All-electric vehicle">All-electric vehicles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Plug-in hybrid vehicle">plug-in hybrid vehicles</a> are sold under the <i><a href="/wiki/BMW_i" title="BMW i">BMW i</a></i> sub-brand. The current model range consists of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(G20)#BMW_i3_(G28_BEV)" title="BMW 3 Series (G20)">i3</a> <a href="/wiki/D-segment" title="D-segment">D-segment</a> (compact) sedan, exclusive to China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_i4" title="BMW i4">i4</a> <a href="/wiki/D-segment" title="D-segment">D-segment</a> (compact) liftback</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_i5" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW i5">i5</a> <a href="/wiki/E-segment" title="E-segment">E-segment</a> (executive) sedan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_i7" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW i7">i7</a> <a href="/wiki/F-segment" title="F-segment">F-segment</a> (full-size) sedan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_iX1" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW iX1">iX1</a> <a href="/wiki/C-segment" title="C-segment">C-segment</a> (subcompact) SUV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_iX2" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW iX2">iX2</a> <a href="/wiki/C-segment" title="C-segment">C-segment</a> (subcompact) SUV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_iX3" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW iX3">iX3</a> <a href="/wiki/D-segment" title="D-segment">D-segment</a> (compact) SUV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_iX" title="BMW iX">iX</a> <a href="/wiki/E-segment" title="E-segment">E-segment</a> (mid-size) SUV</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 256px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 254px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_i3_(G28)_China_(2)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="i3"><img alt="i3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/BMW_i3_%28G28%29_China_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-BMW_i3_%28G28%29_China_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="254" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/BMW_i3_%28G28%29_China_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/960px-BMW_i3_%28G28%29_China_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5943" data-file-height="2809" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(G20)#BMW_i3_(G28_BEV)" title="BMW 3 Series (G20)">i3</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 252.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="i4"><img alt="i4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg/500px-BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg" decoding="async" width="251" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg/960px-BMW_i4_IMG_6695.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4383" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_i4" title="BMW i4">i4</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 241.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 239.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="i5"><img alt="i5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg/359px-BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg/538px-BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg/717px-BMW_i5_1X7A1826.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4846" data-file-height="2436" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_i5" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW i5">i5</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 191.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 189.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="i7"><img alt="i7" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg/330px-BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg/500px-BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg/960px-BMW_i7_xDrive60_1X7A6822.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3937" data-file-height="2498" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_i7" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW i7">i7</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="iX1"><img alt="iX1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg/338px-BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg/506px-BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg/675px-BMW_iX1_1X7A6829.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4871" data-file-height="2600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_iX1" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW iX1">iX1</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="iX2"><img alt="iX2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg/330px-BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg/500px-BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg/960px-BMW_iX2_xDrive30_IMG_1811.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4789" data-file-height="3188" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_iX2" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW iX2">iX2</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 236px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 234px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_iX3_G08_FL_IMG_6225.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="iX3"><img alt="iX3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BMW_iX3_G08_FL_IMG_6225.jpg/500px-BMW_iX3_G08_FL_IMG_6225.jpg" decoding="async" width="234" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BMW_iX3_G08_FL_IMG_6225.jpg/960px-BMW_iX3_G08_FL_IMG_6225.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3871" data-file-height="1989" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_iX3" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW iX3">iX3</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 231.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 229.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="iX"><img alt="iX" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg/344px-BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg/516px-BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg/688px-BMW_iX_1X7A0305.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5172" data-file-height="2708" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_iX" title="BMW iX">iX</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>In addition, several plug-in hybrid models built on existing platforms have been marketed as <i>iPerformance</i> models. Examples include the <a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer" title="BMW 2 Series Active Tourer">225xe</a> using a 1.5 L three-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine with an electric motor, the <a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(F30)#330e_iPerformance" title="BMW 3 Series (F30)">330e</a>/<a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(G60)#Powertrain" title="BMW 5 Series (G60)">530e</a> using a 2.0 L four-cylinder engine with an electric motor,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(G60)#Specifications" title="BMW 5 Series (G60)">550e</a>/<a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(G70)#Specifications" title="BMW 7 Series (G70)">750e</a> using a 3.0 L six-cylinder engine with an electric motor.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, <a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)" title="Crossover (automobile)">crossover</a> and <a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUV</a> plug-in hybrid models have been released using i technology: <a href="/wiki/BMW_X1_xDrive25e" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW X1 xDrive25e">X1 xDrive25e</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X2_xDrive25e" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW X2 xDrive25e">X2 xDrive25e</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X3_xDrive30e" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW X3 xDrive30e">X3 xDrive30e</a>, and <a href="/wiki/BMW_X5_xDrive40e" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW X5 xDrive40e">X5 xDrive40e</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="M_models">M models</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: M models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BMW_M" title="BMW M">BMW M</a></div> <p>The <i>BMW M GmbH</i> subsidiary (called BMW Motorsport GmbH until 1993) started making high-performance versions of various BMW models in 1978. </p><p>As of November 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the M lineup is:<sup id="cite_ref-BMW_M_lineup_2022_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMW_M_lineup_2022-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (July 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_M2" title="BMW M2">M2</a> two-door coupe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_M3" title="BMW M3">M3</a> four-door sedan and five-door station wagon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_M4" title="BMW M4">M4</a> two-door coupe/convertible</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_M5" title="BMW M5">M5</a> four-door sedan and five-door station wagon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_M8" title="BMW M8">M8</a> two-door coupe/convertible and four-door sedan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_X4_(G02)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW X4 (G02)">X4 M</a> compact coupe SUV<sup id="cite_ref-X3/X4_M_Press_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-X3/X4_M_Press-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_X5_(G05)" title="BMW X5 (G05)">X5 M</a> mid-size SUV<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_X6_(G06)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW X6 (G06)">X6 M</a> mid-size coupe SUV<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_XM" title="BMW XM">XM</a> Large SUV<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M2"><img alt="M2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg/330px-BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg/500px-BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg/960px-BMW_G87_M2_1X7A6663.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4838" data-file-height="2810" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_M2" title="BMW M2">M2</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 238.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 236.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M3"><img alt="M3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg/500px-2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="237" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg/960px-2021_BMW_M3_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4441" data-file-height="2255" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_M3" title="BMW M3">M3</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 224px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 222px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_M4_(G82)_IMG_4183.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M4"><img alt="M4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/BMW_M4_%28G82%29_IMG_4183.jpg/333px-BMW_M4_%28G82%29_IMG_4183.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/BMW_M4_%28G82%29_IMG_4183.jpg/499px-BMW_M4_%28G82%29_IMG_4183.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/BMW_M4_%28G82%29_IMG_4183.jpg/665px-BMW_M4_%28G82%29_IMG_4183.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4657" data-file-height="2522" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_M4" title="BMW M4">M4</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 218.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 216.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M5"><img alt="M5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg/330px-2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg" decoding="async" width="217" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg/500px-2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg/960px-2024_BMW_M5_G99_BS_O24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4532" data-file-height="2515" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_M5" title="BMW M5">M5</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M8"><img alt="M8" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg/363px-BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg/544px-BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg/725px-BMW_M8_Competition_IMG_3364.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5615" data-file-height="2791" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_M8" title="BMW M8">M8</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 254px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 252px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_BMW_X4_M_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="X4 M"><img alt="X4 M" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/2019_BMW_X4_M_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg/500px-2019_BMW_X4_M_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="252" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/2019_BMW_X4_M_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg/960px-2019_BMW_X4_M_Competition_Automatic_3.0_Front.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3899" data-file-height="1858" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_X4_(G02)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW X4 (G02)">X4 M</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_X5_M_(G05)_IMG_3370.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="X5 M"><img alt="X5 M" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/BMW_X5_M_%28G05%29_IMG_3370.jpg/330px-BMW_X5_M_%28G05%29_IMG_3370.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/BMW_X5_M_%28G05%29_IMG_3370.jpg/500px-BMW_X5_M_%28G05%29_IMG_3370.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/BMW_X5_M_%28G05%29_IMG_3370.jpg/960px-BMW_X5_M_%28G05%29_IMG_3370.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4744" data-file-height="3153" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_X5_(G05)" title="BMW X5 (G05)">X5 M</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_X6_M_Competition_(G06)_IMG_3572.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="X6 M"><img alt="X6 M" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/BMW_X6_M_Competition_%28G06%29_IMG_3572.jpg/271px-BMW_X6_M_Competition_%28G06%29_IMG_3572.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/BMW_X6_M_Competition_%28G06%29_IMG_3572.jpg/407px-BMW_X6_M_Competition_%28G06%29_IMG_3572.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/BMW_X6_M_Competition_%28G06%29_IMG_3572.jpg/542px-BMW_X6_M_Competition_%28G06%29_IMG_3572.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4326" data-file-height="2875" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_X6_(G06)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW X6 (G06)">X6 M</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>The letter "M" is also often used in the marketing of BMW's regular models, for example the <a href="/wiki/BMW_1_Series_(F20)" title="BMW 1 Series (F20)">F20</a> M140i model, the <a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(G11)" title="BMW 7 Series (G11)">G11</a> M760Li model and various optional extras called "M Sport", "M Performance" or similar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naming_convention_for_models">Naming convention for models</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Naming convention for models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_BMW_vehicles#Nomenclature" title="List of BMW vehicles">List of BMW vehicles § Nomenclature</a></div> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motorsport">Motorsport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Motorsport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/BMW_in_motorsport" title="BMW in motorsport">BMW in motorsport</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/BMW_M_Motorsport" title="BMW M Motorsport">BMW M Motorsport</a></div> <p>BMW has a long history of motorsport activities, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Touring_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Touring cars">Touring cars</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Tourenwagen_Meisterschaft" title="Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft">DTM</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Touring_Car_Championship" title="World Touring Car Championship">WTCC</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Touring_Car_Championship" title="European Touring Car Championship">ETCC</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Touring_Car_Championship" title="British Touring Car Championship">BTCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One" title="BMW in Formula One">Formula One</a></li> <li>Endurance racing, such as <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_N%C3%BCrburgring" class="mw-redirect" title="24 Hours Nürburgring">24 Hours Nürburgring</a>, <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="24 Hours of Le Mans">24 Hours of Le Mans</a>, <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_of_Daytona" title="24 Hours of Daytona">24 Hours of Daytona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spa_24_Hours" title="Spa 24 Hours">Spa 24 Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT" title="Isle of Man TT">Isle of Man TT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakar_Rally" title="Dakar Rally">Dakar Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Le_Mans_Series" title="American Le Mans Series">American Le Mans Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMSA_SportsCar_Championship" title="IMSA SportsCar Championship">IMSA SportsCar Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_BMW" title="Formula BMW">Formula BMW</a>, a junior racing <a href="/wiki/Formula_racing" title="Formula racing">Formula</a> category</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_Two" title="Formula Two">Formula Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_E" title="Formula E">Formula E</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:16_Timo_Glock_(27860673816).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2016 BMW M4 DTM"><img alt="2016 BMW M4 DTM" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/16_Timo_Glock_%2827860673816%29.jpg/270px-16_Timo_Glock_%2827860673816%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/16_Timo_Glock_%2827860673816%29.jpg/405px-16_Timo_Glock_%2827860673816%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/16_Timo_Glock_%2827860673816%29.jpg/540px-16_Timo_Glock_%2827860673816%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2016 <a href="/wiki/BMW_M4_DTM" title="BMW M4 DTM">BMW M4 DTM</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2016 BMW M6 GT3"><img alt="2016 BMW M6 GT3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg/330px-BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg/500px-BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg/960px-BMW_M6_GT3_of_Richards_%26_Twigg_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2873" data-file-height="1926" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2016 <a href="/wiki/BMW_M6_GT3" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW M6 GT3">BMW M6 GT3</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2016 BMW S1000RR"><img alt="2016 BMW S1000RR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg/330px-Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg/500px-Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg/960px-Christian_Iddon_BSB_Knockhill_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4680" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2016 <a href="/wiki/BMW_S1000RR" title="BMW S1000RR">BMW S1000RR</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 254px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 252px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2007 BMW Sauber F1.07"><img alt="2007 BMW Sauber F1.07" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg/500px-Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="252" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg/960px-Nick_Heidfeld_2007_Britain_2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1349" data-file-height="643" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2007 <a href="/wiki/BMW_Sauber_F1.07" title="BMW Sauber F1.07">BMW Sauber F1.07</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Involvement_in_the_arts">Involvement in the arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Involvement in the arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania_2012-04-28,_DD_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania_2012-04-28%2C_DD_02.JPG/170px-4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania_2012-04-28%2C_DD_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania_2012-04-28%2C_DD_02.JPG/255px-4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania_2012-04-28%2C_DD_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania_2012-04-28%2C_DD_02.JPG/340px-4_cilindros_y_museo_BMW%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania_2012-04-28%2C_DD_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2839" data-file-height="4617" /></a><figcaption>BMW Headquarters</figcaption></figure> <p>The global <a href="/wiki/BMW_Headquarters" title="BMW Headquarters">BMW Headquarters</a> in Munich represents the cylinder head of a <a href="/wiki/Straight-four_engine" title="Straight-four engine">four-cylinder engine</a>. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Schwanzer" title="Karl Schwanzer">Karl Schwanzer</a> and was completed in 1972. The building has become a European icon<sup id="cite_ref-Patton2009_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patton2009-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was declared a protected historic building in 1999. The main tower consists of four vertical cylinders standing next to and across from each other. Each cylinder is divided horizontally in its center by a mold in the facade. Notably, these cylinders do not stand on the ground; they are suspended on a central support tower. </p><p><a href="/wiki/BMW_Museum" title="BMW Museum">BMW Museum</a> is a futuristic cauldron-shaped building, which was also designed by Karl Schwanzer and opened in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The interior has a spiral theme and the roof is a 40-metre diameter BMW logo. </p><p><a href="/wiki/BMW_Welt" title="BMW Welt">BMW Welt</a>, the company's exhibition space in Munich, was designed by <a href="/wiki/Coop_Himmelb(l)au" title="Coop Himmelb(l)au">Coop Himmelb(l)au</a> and opened in 2007. It includes a showroom and lifting platforms where a customer's new car is theatrically unveiled to the customer.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BMW Museum"><img alt="BMW Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg/250px-BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg/500px-BMW_Museum_Old_Wing_Interior_200905.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BMW Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_Welt,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania,_2013-04-22,_DD_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BMW Welt"><img alt="BMW Welt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BMW_Welt%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-04-22%2C_DD_03.jpg/330px-BMW_Welt%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-04-22%2C_DD_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BMW_Welt%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-04-22%2C_DD_03.jpg/500px-BMW_Welt%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-04-22%2C_DD_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BMW_Welt%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-04-22%2C_DD_03.jpg/960px-BMW_Welt%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-04-22%2C_DD_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5213" data-file-height="3605" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BMW Welt</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_Cars">Art Cars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Art Cars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BMW_Art_Car" title="BMW Art Car">BMW Art Car</a></div> <p>In 1975, sculptor <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Alexander Calder</a> was commissioned to paint the BMW 3.0 CSL racing car driven by <a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Poulain" title="Hervé Poulain">Hervé Poulain</a> at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which became the first in the series of BMW Art Cars. Since Calder's work of art, many other renowned artists throughout the world have created BMW Art Cars, including <a href="/wiki/David_Hockney" title="David Hockney">David Hockney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Holzer" title="Jenny Holzer">Jenny Holzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Lichtenstein" title="Roy Lichtenstein">Roy Lichtenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rauschenberg" title="Robert Rauschenberg">Robert Rauschenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Stella" title="Frank Stella">Frank Stella</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Patton2009_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patton2009-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To date, a total of 19 BMW Art Cars, based on both racing and regular production vehicles, have been created. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calder_CSL.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1975 3.0 CSL Art Car by Alexander Calder"><img alt="1975 3.0 CSL Art Car by Alexander Calder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Calder_CSL.jpg/330px-Calder_CSL.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Calder_CSL.jpg/500px-Calder_CSL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Calder_CSL.jpg/960px-Calder_CSL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1975 <a href="/wiki/BMW_3.0_CSL" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW 3.0 CSL">3.0 CSL</a> Art Car by Alexander Calder</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_M1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1979 M1 Art Car by Andy Warhol"><img alt="1979 M1 Art Car by Andy Warhol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/BMW_M1.jpg/240px-BMW_M1.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/BMW_M1.jpg/360px-BMW_M1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/BMW_M1.jpg/480px-BMW_M1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1979 <a href="/wiki/BMW_M1" title="BMW M1">M1</a> Art Car by Andy Warhol</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Visual arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BMW sponsors a number of awards in the visual arts. These include the BMW Art Journey award, which honors a young or mid-career artist in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Art_Basel" title="Art Basel">Art Basel</a>, and the BMW Painting Award, which was created to promote painting in Spain by finding new talent and showcasing their work.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BMW was the principal sponsor of the 1998 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_the_Motorcycle" title="The Art of the Motorcycle">The Art of the Motorcycle</a></i> exhibition at various <a href="/wiki/List_of_Guggenheim_Museums" title="List of Guggenheim Museums">Guggenheim museums</a>, though the financial relationship between BMW and the Guggenheim Foundation was criticised in many quarters.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, BMW began sponsoring <a href="/wiki/Independent_Collectors" title="Independent Collectors">Independent Collectors</a> production of the <i>BMW Art Guide</i>, which is the first global guide to private and publicly accessible collections of contemporary art worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fourth edition, released in 2016, features 256 collections from 43 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Borowik_Collection_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borowik_Collection-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_and_sales">Production and sales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Production and sales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg/250px-BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg/330px-BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg/500px-BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1228" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Spot_welding" title="Spot welding">Spot welding</a> 3 Series bodies in Leipzig, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>BMW produces complete automobiles in the following countries: </p> <ul><li>Germany: Munich, <a href="/wiki/BMW_Group_Plant_Dingolfing" title="BMW Group Plant Dingolfing">Dingolfing</a>, Regensburg and Leipzig</li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/BMW_in_the_United_States#Spartanburg_manufacturing_plant" title="BMW in the United States">Spartanburg</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mexico: San Luis Potosí<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>China: <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></li> <li>South Africa: Rosslyn</li></ul> <p>BMW also has local assembly operation using <a href="/wiki/Knock-down_kit" title="Knock-down kit">complete knock-down</a> (CKD) components in Brazil, Thailand, Russia, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia and India.<sup id="cite_ref-bmwgroup1_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmwgroup1-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the UK, BMW has a Mini factory near Oxford, plants in Swindon and Hams Hall, and Rolls-Royce vehicle assembly at Goodwood. In 2020, these facilities were shut down for the period from 23 March to 17 April due to the coronavirus outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The BMW group (including Mini and Rolls-Royce) produced 1,366,838 automobiles in 2006 and then 1,481,253 automobiles in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AR2010_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2010-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BMW Motorcycles are being produced at the company's Berlin factory, which earlier had produced aircraft engines for Siemens. </p><p>By 2011, about 56% of BMW-brand vehicles produced are powered by petrol engines and the remaining 44% are powered by diesel engines. Of those petrol vehicles, about 27% are four-cylinder models and about nine percent are eight-cylinder models.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On average, 9,000 vehicles per day exit BMW plants, and 63% are transported by rail.<sup id="cite_ref-alcl1_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alcl1-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Annual production since 2005, according to BMW's annual reports:<sup id="cite_ref-AR2010_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2010-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>BMW</th> <th>MINI</th> <th>Rolls-Royce</th> <th>Motorcycle* </th></tr> <tr> <td>2005</td> <td>1,122,308</td> <td>200,119</td> <td>692</td> <td>92,013 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006</td> <td>1,179,317</td> <td>186,674</td> <td>847</td> <td>103,759 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007</td> <td>1,302,774</td> <td>237,700</td> <td>1,029</td> <td>104,396 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td>1,203,482</td> <td>235,019</td> <td>1,417</td> <td>118,452 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009</td> <td>1,043,829</td> <td>213,670</td> <td>918</td> <td>93,243 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>1,236,989</td> <td>241,043</td> <td>3,221</td> <td>112,271 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>1,440,315</td> <td>294,120</td> <td>3,725</td> <td>110,360 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td>1,547,057</td> <td>311,490</td> <td>3,279</td> <td>113,811 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td>1,699,835</td> <td>303,177</td> <td>3,354</td> <td>110,127 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td>1,838,268</td> <td>322,803</td> <td>4,495</td> <td>133,615 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015</td> <td>1,933,647</td> <td>342,008</td> <td>3,848</td> <td>151,004 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td>2,002,997</td> <td>352,580</td> <td>4,179</td> <td>145,555 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td>2,123,947</td> <td>378,486</td> <td>3,308</td> <td>185,682 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td>2,168,496</td> <td>368,685</td> <td>4,353</td> <td>162,687 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019</td> <td>2,205,841</td> <td>352,729</td> <td>5,455</td> <td>187,116 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020</td> <td>1,980,740</td> <td>271,121</td> <td>3,776</td> <td>168,104 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td>2,166,644</td> <td>288,713</td> <td>5,912</td> <td>187,500 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Annual sales and deliveries since 1972, according to BMW's annual reports: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>BMW</th> <th>MINI</th> <th>Rolls-Royce</th> <th>Motorcycle* </th></tr> <tr> <td>1972 </td> <td>182,858 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973 </td> <td>197,446 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974 </td> <td>184,330 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td>226,688 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976 </td> <td>275,596 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977 </td> <td>288,260 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td>321,196 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979 </td> <td>335,132 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td>339,232 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td>348,946 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982 </td> <td>377,684 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983 </td> <td>422,500 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td>434,300 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td>440,700 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td>446,100 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td>459,500 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988 </td> <td>495,800 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td>523,000 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td>525,900 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td>552,700 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td>582,493 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td>534,397 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td>573,000 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td>595,000 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td>644,107 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td>675,076 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td>699,378 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td>751,272 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>822,181 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td>880,677 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td>913,225 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td>928,000 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td>1,023,583 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005</td> <td>1,126,798</td> <td>200,428</td> <td>797</td> <td>97,474 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006</td> <td>1,185,088</td> <td>188,077</td> <td>805</td> <td>100,064 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007</td> <td>1,276,793</td> <td>222,875</td> <td>1,010</td> <td>102,467 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td>1,202,239</td> <td>232,425</td> <td>1,212</td> <td>115,196 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009</td> <td>1,068,770</td> <td>216,538</td> <td>1,002</td> <td>100,358 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>1,224,280</td> <td>234,175</td> <td>2,711</td> <td>110,113 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>1,380,384</td> <td>285,060</td> <td>3,538</td> <td>113,572 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td>1,540,085</td> <td>301,525</td> <td>3,575</td> <td>117,109 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td>1,655,138</td> <td>305,030</td> <td>3,630</td> <td>115,215** </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td>1,811,719</td> <td>302,183</td> <td>4,063</td> <td>123,495 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015</td> <td>1,905,234</td> <td>338,466</td> <td>3,785</td> <td>136,963 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td>2,003,359</td> <td>360,233</td> <td>4,011</td> <td>145,032 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td>2,088,283</td> <td>371,881</td> <td>3,362</td> <td>164,153 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>2,114,963 </td> <td>364,135 </td> <td>4,194 </td> <td>165,566 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>2,185,793 </td> <td>347,474 </td> <td>5,100 </td> <td>175,162 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>2,028,841 </td> <td>292,582 </td> <td>3,756 </td> <td>169,272 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>2,213,379 </td> <td>302,138 </td> <td>5,586 </td> <td>194,261 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>2,100,689 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>2,225,793 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>* In 2008–2012, motorcycle productions figures include <a href="/wiki/Husqvarna_Motorcycles" title="Husqvarna Motorcycles">Husqvarna</a> models.<br /> ** Excluding Husqvarna, sales volume up to 2013: 59,776 units. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recalls">Recalls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Recalls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2016, BMW recalled 136,000 2007–2012 model year U.S. cars for fuel pump wiring problems possibly resulting in fuel leak and engine stalling or restarting issues.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, BMW recalled 106,000 diesel vehicles in South Korea with a defective exhaust gas recirculation module, which caused 39 engine fires. The recall was then expanded to 324,000 more cars in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the recall in South Korea, the government banned cars which had not yet been inspected from driving on public roads.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This affected up to 25% of the recalled cars, where the owners had been notified but the cars had not yet been inspected. BMW is reported to have been aware since 2016 that more than 4% of the affected cars in South Korea had experienced failures in the EGR coolers,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to approximately 20 owners suing the company.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industry_collaboration">Industry collaboration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Industry collaboration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BMW has collaborated with other car manufacturers on the following occasions: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McLaren_Automotive" title="McLaren Automotive">McLaren Automotive</a>: BMW designed and produced the V12 engine that powered the <a href="/wiki/McLaren_F1" title="McLaren F1">McLaren F1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupe_PSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupe PSA">Groupe PSA</a> (predecessor to <a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a>): Joint production of four-cylinder petrol engines, beginning in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Benz" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler Benz">Daimler Benz</a>: Joint venture to produce the hybrid drivetrain components used in the <a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(F01)#ActiveHybrid_7_(F04)" title="BMW 7 Series (F01)">ActiveHybrid 7</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Development of automated driving technology.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a>: Three-part agreement in 2013 to jointly develop <a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">fuel cell</a> technology, develop a joint platform for a sports car (for the 2018 <a href="/wiki/BMW_Z4_(G29)" title="BMW Z4 (G29)">BMW Z4 (G29)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Supra" title="Toyota Supra">Toyota Supra</a>) and research <a href="/wiki/Lithium%E2%80%93air_battery" title="Lithium–air battery">lithium-air batteries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes</a>: Joint purchase of Nokia's <a href="/wiki/Here_WeGo" title="Here WeGo">Here WeGo</a> (formerly Here Maps) in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2018, Horizn Studios collaborated with BMW to launch special luggage editions.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sponsorships">Sponsorships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sponsorships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg/220px-London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg/330px-London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg/440px-London_2012_Olympic_BMW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3192" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption>BMW sponsor car at the London 2012 Olympics</figcaption></figure> <p>BMW made a six-year sponsorship deal with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Olympic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Olympic Committee">United States Olympic Committee</a> in July 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In golf, BMW has sponsored various events,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the <a href="/wiki/BMW_PGA_Championship" title="BMW PGA Championship">PGA Championship</a> since 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Open_(golf)" title="Italian Open (golf)">Italian Open</a> from 2009 to 2012, the <a href="/wiki/BMW_Masters" title="BMW Masters">BMW Masters</a> in China from 2012 to 2015<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/BMW_International_Open" title="BMW International Open">BMW International Open</a> in Munich since 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a>, BMW sponsored the <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_national_rugby_union_team" title="South Africa national rugby union team">South Africa national rugby union team</a> from 2011 to 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Car-sharing_services">Car-sharing services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Car-sharing services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/DriveNow" title="DriveNow">DriveNow</a> was a joint-venture between BMW and Sixt that operated in Europe from 2011 until 2019. By December 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DriveNow operated over 1,000 vehicles, in five cities and with approximately 60,000 customers.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, the BMW-owned subsidiary Alphabet began a corporate car-sharing service in Europe called AlphaCity.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/ReachNow" title="ReachNow">ReachNow</a> car-sharing service was launched in Seattle in April 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ReachNow currently operates in <a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn, New York">Brooklyn</a>. </p><p>In 2018, BMW announced the launching of a pilot car <a href="/wiki/Subscription_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Subscription service">subscription service</a> for the United States called Access by BMW (its first one for the country), in <a href="/wiki/Nashville" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville">Nashville</a>, Tennessee. In January 2021, the company said that Access by BMW was "suspended".<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overseas_subsidiaries">Overseas subsidiaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Overseas subsidiaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production_facilities">Production facilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Production facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China">China</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BMW_Brilliance" title="BMW Brilliance">BMW Brilliance</a></div> <p>The first BMW production facility in China was opened in 2004, as a result of a joint venture between BMW and <a href="/wiki/Brilliance_Auto" class="mw-redirect" title="Brilliance Auto">Brilliance Auto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plant was opened in the <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a> industrial area and produces 3 Series and 5 Series models for the Chinese market.<sup id="cite_ref-bmw_sub_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmw_sub-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-english.people.com.cn_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-english.people.com.cn-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, a second factory was opened in Shenyang.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between January and November 2014, BMW sold 415,200 vehicles in China, through a network of over 440 BMW stores and 100 Mini stores.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 October 2021, BMW announced it would begin additional production of the X5 in China.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2022, BMW invested an additional $4.2 billion into the Chinese joint venture, increasing its stake from 50% to 75%, becoming one of the first foreign automakers holding majority stake in China.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2022, BMW announced a new plant project in Lydia, Shenyang designed for electric vehicles. It will become BMW Group's largest single project in China, costing 15 billion yuan (2.13 billion euros).<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The investment amount was raised by a further 10 billion yuan (US$1.4 billion) in November 2022, following German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a>'s visit to China.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hungary">Hungary</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 31 July 2018, BMW announced to build a 1 billion euro car factory in Hungary. The plant, to be built near <a href="/wiki/Debrecen" title="Debrecen">Debrecen</a>, will have a production capacity of 150,000 cars a year.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mexico">Mexico</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2014, BMW announced it was establishing a plant in Mexico, in the city and state of <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD" title="San Luis Potosí">San Luis Potosí</a> involving an investment of $1 billion. The plant will employ 1,500 people, and produce 150,000 cars annually.<sup id="cite_ref-MexicoBMW_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MexicoBMW-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Mini Convertible, <a href="/wiki/Mini_Countryman" title="Mini Countryman">Mini Countryman</a> and BMW X1 are currently produced in the Netherlands at the <a href="/wiki/VDL_Nedcar" title="VDL Nedcar">VDL Nedcar</a> factory in <a href="/wiki/Born,_Netherlands" title="Born, Netherlands">Born</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Long-term orders for the Mini Countryman ended in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BMW_South_Africa" title="BMW South Africa">BMW South Africa</a></div> <p>BMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968,<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when Praetor Monteerders' plant was opened in <a href="/wiki/Rosslyn,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosslyn, Gauteng">Rosslyn</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>. BMW initially bought shares in the company, before fully acquiring it in 1975; in so doing, the company became <i>BMW South Africa</i>, the first wholly owned subsidiary of BMW to be established outside Germany. Unlike United States manufacturers, such as <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">GM</a>, which divested from the country in the 1980s, BMW retained full ownership of its operations in South Africa. </p><p>Following the end of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> in 1994, and the lowering of import tariffs, BMW South Africa ended local production of the 5 Series and 7 Series, in order to concentrate on production of the 3 Series for the export market. South African–built BMWs are now exported to <a href="/wiki/Right_hand_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Right hand drive">right hand drive</a> markets including Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>. Since 1997, BMW South Africa has produced vehicles in <a href="/wiki/Left-hand_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-hand drive">left-hand drive</a> for export to Taiwan, the United States and Iran, as well as South America. </p><p>Three unique models that <a href="/wiki/BMW_Motorsport" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW Motorsport">BMW Motorsport</a> created for the South African market were the <a href="/wiki/BMW_E23" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW E23">E23</a> M745i (1983), which used the <a href="/wiki/BMW_M88" title="BMW M88">M88</a> engine from the <a href="/wiki/BMW_M1" title="BMW M1">BMW M1</a>, the BMW 333i (1986), which added a six-cylinder 3.2-litre <a href="/wiki/BMW_M30" title="BMW M30">M30</a> engine to the <a href="/wiki/BMW_E30" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW E30">E30</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(E30)" title="BMW 3 Series (E30)">E30</a> BMW 325is (1989) which was powered by an <a href="/wiki/Alpina" title="Alpina">Alpina</a>-derived 2.7-litre engine. </p><p>The plant code (position 11 in the VIN) for South African built models is "N".<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BMW_in_the_United_States" title="BMW in the United States">BMW in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg/250px-BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg/330px-BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg/500px-BMW_Zentrum_Spartanburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>BMW Zentrum museum in <a href="/wiki/Spartanburg_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartanburg County">Spartanburg</a>, South Carolina</figcaption></figure> <p>BMW cars have been officially sold in the United States since 1956<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and manufactured in the United States since 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first BMW dealership in the United States opened in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, BMW was the twelfth highest selling brand in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The manufacturing plant in <a href="/wiki/Greer,_South_Carolina" title="Greer, South Carolina">Greer, South Carolina</a> has the highest production of the BMW plants worldwide,<sup id="cite_ref-roundel201504_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roundel201504-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> currently producing approximately 1,500 vehicles per day.<sup id="cite_ref-BMWfactory_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMWfactory-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The models produced at the Spartanburg plant are the <a href="/wiki/BMW_X3" title="BMW X3">X3</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X4" title="BMW X4">X4</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X5" title="BMW X5">X5</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X6" title="BMW X6">X6</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X7" title="BMW X7">X7</a> and <a href="/wiki/BMW_XM" title="BMW XM">XM</a> SUV models. </p><p>In addition to the South Carolina manufacturing facility, BMW's North American companies include sales, marketing, design, and financial services operations in the United States, Mexico, Canada and Latin America. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complete_knock-down_assembly_facilities">Complete knock-down assembly facilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Complete knock-down assembly facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brazil">Brazil</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 9 October 2014, BMW's new <a href="/wiki/Knock-down_kit" title="Knock-down kit">complete knock-down</a> (CKD) assembly plant in <a href="/wiki/Araquari" title="Araquari">Araquari</a>, assembled its first car— an <a href="/wiki/BMW_F30" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW F30">F30</a> 3 Series.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cars assembled at Araquari are the <a href="/wiki/BMW_F20" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW F20">F20</a> 1 Series, <a href="/wiki/BMW_F30" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW F30">F30</a> 3 Series, <a href="/wiki/BMW_F48" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW F48">F48</a> X1, <a href="/wiki/BMW_F25" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW F25">F25</a> X3 and Mini Countryman.<sup id="cite_ref-automotivemanufacturingsolutions_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-automotivemanufacturingsolutions-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egypt">Egypt</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Auto_Group" title="Bavarian Auto Group">Bavarian Auto Group</a> became the importer of the BMW and Mini brands in 2003. </p><p>Since 2005, the 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1 and X3 models sold in Egypt are assembled from <a href="/wiki/Knock-down_kit" title="Knock-down kit">complete knock-down</a> components at the BMW plant in Cairo.<sup id="cite_ref-automotivemanufacturingsolutions_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-automotivemanufacturingsolutions-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BMW_India" title="BMW India">BMW India</a></div> <p>BMW India was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary with a head office located in <a href="/wiki/Gurugram" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurugram">Gurugram</a>. </p><p>A BMW complete knock-down assembly plant was opened in <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> in 2007, assembling Indian-market 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3, X5, Mini Countryman and motorcycle models.<sup id="cite_ref-automotivemanufacturingsolutions_142-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-automotivemanufacturingsolutions-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 20 Million <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> plant aims to produce 1,700 cars per year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PT. BMW Indonesia was established in 2001 as a subsidiary with a head office located in <a href="/wiki/Central_Jakarta" title="Central Jakarta">Central Jakarta</a>. It was managed by <a href="/wiki/Astra_International" title="Astra International">PT. Astra International</a>. </p><p>10 years later in 2011, BMW Group invested more than 100 Billion <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Indonesian rupiah</a> to expand its production, by establish the <a href="/wiki/Knock-down_kit" title="Knock-down kit">complete knock-down</a> (CKD) assembly plant in <a href="/wiki/Astra_International" title="Astra International">Gaya Motor</a>'s production facility in <a href="/wiki/Sunter,_Jakarta" title="Sunter, Jakarta">Sunter, Jakarta</a>. the plant is currently assembling Indonesian-market <a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9" title="BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé">2 Series (gran coupé)</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(G20)" title="BMW 3 Series (G20)">3 Series (sedan)</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(G30)" title="BMW 5 Series (G30)">5 Series (sedan)</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(G70)" title="BMW 7 Series (G70)">7 Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X1_(U11)" title="BMW X1 (U11)">X1</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X3_(G01)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW X3 (G01)">X3</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X5_(G05)" title="BMW X5 (G05)">X5</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X7" title="BMW X7">X7</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mini_Countryman" title="Mini Countryman">Mini Countryman</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BMW's <a href="/wiki/Knock-down_kit" title="Knock-down kit">complete knock-down</a> (CKD) assembly plant in <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a>. Assembled Malaysia-market <a href="/wiki/BMW_1_Series_(F20)" title="BMW 1 Series (F20)">1 Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(F30)" title="BMW 3 Series (F30)">3 Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series" title="BMW 5 Series">5 Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(G11)" title="BMW 7 Series (G11)">7 Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X1_(F48)" title="BMW X1 (F48)">X1</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X3" title="BMW X3">X3</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X4_(F26)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW X4 (F26)">X4</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X5_(F15)" title="BMW X5 (F15)">X5</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X6" title="BMW X6">X6</a> and Mini Countryman since 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russia">Russia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russian-market 3 Series and 5 Series cars are assembled from complete knock-down components in <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a> beginning in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2022, BMW withdrew from the Russian market and ceased production within Russia in response to the <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Uruguay">Uruguay</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Uruguay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Uruguay, Spanish-born businessman José Arijón founded Convex (later Camur), which assembled BMW cars from 1965 to 1992. Four models were produced: the <a href="/wiki/BMW_1600" title="BMW 1600">1600</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_2002" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW 2002">2002</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series" title="BMW 3 Series">3 Series</a> and <a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series" title="BMW 5 Series">5 Series</a>, totalling 12,000 units.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vehicle_importers">Vehicle importers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Vehicle importers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BMW's first dealership in Canada, located in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, was opened in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1986, BMW established a head office in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BMW sold 28,149 vehicles in Canada in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japan">Japan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BMW Japan Corp, a wholly owned subsidiary, imports and distributes BMW vehicles in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philippines">Philippines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BMW Philippines, an owned subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Corporation" title="San Miguel Corporation">San Miguel Corporation</a>, is the official importer and distributor of BMW in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BMW sold 920 vehicles in the Philippines in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Korea">Korea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BMW Korea imports BMW vehicles in South Korea with more than fifty service centers to fully cater to South Korean customers. Also, BMW Korea has its own driving center in near <a href="/wiki/Incheon_International_Airport" title="Incheon International Airport">Incheon International Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BMW has received criticism for attempting to lock vehicle hardware features behind subscription fees. In 2018, BMW stated at the Detroit Auto Show that they will start charging users a subscription fee for <a href="/wiki/Apple_Car_Play" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Car Play">Apple Car Play</a>. After receiving widespread criticism, BMW removed the subscription.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, BMW announced that they will start charging owners $18 a month to use heated seats.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They removed the feature in 2023 after it was criticised.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/report/2023/downloads/BMW-Group-Report-2023-en.pdf">"BMW Group Report 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. BMW AG. pp. <span class="nowrap">328–</span>329<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BMW+Group+Report+2023&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E328-%3C%2Fspan%3E329&rft.pub=BMW+AG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmwgroup.com%2Fen%2Freport%2F2023%2Fdownloads%2FBMW-Group-Report-2023-en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/investor-relations/bmw-shares.html">"BMW shares. Mikaeel Collier (100%) Shareholder structure"</a>. <i>www.bmwgroup.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bmwgroup.com&rft.atitle=BMW+shares.+Mikaeel+Collier+%28100%25%29+Shareholder+structure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmwgroup.com%2Fen%2Finvestor-relations%2Fbmw-shares.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/30723/umfrage/umsatz-der-weltweit-fuehrenden-automobilhersteller/">"Umsatz der weltweit führenden Automobilhersteller"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Umsatz+der+weltweit+f%C3%BChrenden+Automobilhersteller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fde.statista.com%2Fstatistik%2Fdaten%2Fstudie%2F30723%2Fumfrage%2Fumsatz-der-weltweit-fuehrenden-automobilhersteller%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.factorywarrantylist.com/car-sales-by-manufacturer.html">"2023 Worldwide Car Sales by Manufacturer"</a>. F&I Tools USA. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2023+Worldwide+Car+Sales+by+Manufacturer&rft.pub=F%26I+Tools+USA&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.factorywarrantylist.com%2Fcar-sales-by-manufacturer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240129031905/https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/?sh=4f5ab07e5ac0">"The Global 2000 2023"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=motor1&rft.atitle=Rolls-Royce+CEO+Retires%2C+Chris+Brownridge+Named+New+Boss&rft.date=2023-10-05&rft.aulast=Sergeev&rft.aufirst=Angel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motor1.com%2Fnews%2F690049%2Frolls-royce-new-ceo-announcement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hans List: <i>Vorwort und Einführung zum Gesamtwerk. Band 1 von Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine</i>, Springer, Wien, 1949. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783662294888" title="Special:BookSources/9783662294888">9783662294888</a>. <i>Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roland Löwisch: <i>BMW - Die schönsten Modelle: 100 Jahre Design und Technik' by azar</i>. HEEL, 2016, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783958434066" title="Special:BookSources/9783958434066">9783958434066</a>. p 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180114021349/https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/media/9cc857a2-7fa5-4080-ba54-fd5494794417/web">"BMW 1970s brochure for the United States"</a>. <i>www.bmw-grouparchiv.de</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bmw-grouparchiv.de&rft.atitle=BMW+1970s+brochure+for+the+United+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbmw-grouparchiv.de%2Fresearch%2Fmedia%2F9cc857a2-7fa5-4080-ba54-fd5494794417%2Fweb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/3913069"><i>Bee em / BMW Motorcycle Club of Victoria Inc</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728125152/http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/3913069">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bee+em+%2F+BMW+Motorcycle+Club+of+Victoria+Inc&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalogue.nla.gov.au%2FRecord%2F3913069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bangkokpost.com/auto/autoreview/24915/no-toupees-allowed">"No Toupees allowed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Post" title="Bangkok Post">Bangkok Post</a></i>. 2 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=No+Toupees+allowed&rft.date=2009-10-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fauto%2Fautoreview%2F24915%2Fno-toupees-allowed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2012">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lighter1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lighter1_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLighter1994" class="citation book cs1">Lighter, Jonathan E. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/randomhousehisto01ligh/page/126"><i>Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: A-G</i></a>. Vol. 1. Random House. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/randomhousehisto01ligh/page/126">126–27</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-54427-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-54427-4"><bdi>978-0-394-54427-4</bdi></a>. <q><b>Beemer</b> <i>n.</i> [BMW + ''er''] a BMW automobile. Also <b>Beamer.</b></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Random+House+Historical+Dictionary+of+American+Slang%3A+A-G&rft.pages=126-27&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-394-54427-4&rft.aulast=Lighter&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frandomhousehisto01ligh%2Fpage%2F126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lighter2-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lighter2_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLighter1994" class="citation book cs1">Lighter, Jonathan E. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/randomhousehisto01ligh/page/159"><i>Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: A-G</i></a>. Vol. 1. Random House. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/randomhousehisto01ligh/page/159">159</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-54427-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-54427-4"><bdi>978-0-394-54427-4</bdi></a>. <q><b>Bimmer</b> <i>n.</i> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Beemer.</span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Random+House+Historical+Dictionary+of+American+Slang%3A+A-G&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-394-54427-4&rft.aulast=Lighter&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frandomhousehisto01ligh%2Fpage%2F159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>1982</b> S. Black <i>Totally Awesome</i> 83 BMW ("Beemer").<br /><b>1985</b> <i>L.A. Times</i> (13 April) V 4: Id much rather drive my Beemer than a truck.<br /><b>1989</b> L. Roberts <i>Full Cleveland</i> 39: Baby boomers... in... late-model Beemers.<br /><b>1990</b> <i>Hull High</i> (NBC-TV): You should ee my dad's new Beemer.<br /> <b>1991</b> <i>Cathy</i> (synd. cartoon strip) (21 April): Sheila... [ground] multi-grain snack chips crumbs into the back seat of my brand-new Beamer!<br /><b>1992</b> <i>Time</i> (18 May) 84: Its residents tend to drive pickups or subcompacts, not Beemers or Rolles.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bmw.com-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bmw.com_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bmw.com_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bmw.com_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmw.com/en/automotive-life/bmw-logo-meaning-history1.html">"The BMW Logo – meaning and history"</a>. BMW<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=BMW+Unveils+The+First+Driverless+Motorcycle&rft.date=2018-09-14&rft.aulast=Su&rft.aufirst=Jean+Baptiste&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fjeanbaptiste%2F2018%2F09%2F14%2Fbmw-unveils-the-first-driverless-motorcycle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBMW_Group2016" class="citation web cs1">BMW Group (November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161031184826/http://www.bmw.com/com/en/insights/corporation/iperformance/index.html">"Electrified by BMW i - BMW iPerformance: Plug-in hybrids with BMW i know-how"</a>. BMW.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmw.com/com/en/insights/corporation/iperformance/index.html">the original</a> on 31 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electrified+by+BMW+i+-+BMW+iPerformance%3A+Plug-in+hybrids+with+BMW+i+know-how&rft.pub=BMW.com&rft.date=2016-11&rft.au=BMW+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmw.com%2Fcom%2Fen%2Finsights%2Fcorporation%2Fiperformance%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0437229EN/electrification-completed:-new-bmw-5-series-sedan-now-also-available-with-plug-in-hybrid-drive?language=en">"Electrification completed: New BMW 5 Series Sedan now also available with plug-in hybrid drive"</a>. <i>www.press.bmwgroup.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.press.bmwgroup.com&rft.atitle=Electrification+completed%3A+New+BMW+5+Series+Sedan+now+also+available+with+plug-in+hybrid+drive.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.bmwgroup.com%2Fglobal%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2FT0437229EN%2Felectrification-completed%3A-new-bmw-5-series-sedan-now-also-available-with-plug-in-hybrid-drive%3Flanguage%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0404080EN/progress-and-efficiency-with-added-variety:-additional-drive-system-variants-and-innovations-for-the-new-bmw-7-series?language=en">"Progress and efficiency with added variety: additional drive system variants and innovations for the new BMW 7 Series"</a>. <i>www.press.bmwgroup.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.press.bmwgroup.com&rft.atitle=Progress+and+efficiency+with+added+variety%3A+additional+drive+system+variants+and+innovations+for+the+new+BMW+7+Series.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.bmwgroup.com%2Fglobal%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2FT0404080EN%2Fprogress-and-efficiency-with-added-variety%3A-additional-drive-system-variants-and-innovations-for-the-new-bmw-7-series%3Flanguage%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmw.co.uk/en/topics/discover/electric-and-phev/plug-in-hybrids.html">"BMW Plug-in Hybrid Models"</a>. BMW UK. 19 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BMW+Plug-in+Hybrid+Models&rft.pub=BMW+UK&rft.date=2020-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmw.co.uk%2Fen%2Ftopics%2Fdiscover%2Felectric-and-phev%2Fplug-in-hybrids.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span> The 330e and 530e are available as <a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">sedan or saloon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estate_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Estate car">wagon or touring</a> trims.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMW_M_lineup_2022-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BMW_M_lineup_2022_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmwusa.com/vehicles/bmw-m/models.html#electrified-performance-m-models%20">"BMW M models"</a>. BMW USA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BMW+M+models&rft.pub=BMW+USA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmwusa.com%2Fvehicles%2Fbmw-m%2Fmodels.html%23electrified-performance-m-models%2520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-X3/X4_M_Press-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-X3/X4_M_Press_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0291184EN/the-all-new-bmw-x3-m-and-the-all-new-bmw-x4-m?language=en">"The all-new BMW X3 M and the all-new BMW X4 M."</a> <i>www.press.bmwgroup.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190214174305/https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0291184EN/the-all-new-bmw-x3-m-and-the-all-new-bmw-x4-m?language=en">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.press.bmwgroup.com&rft.atitle=The+all-new+BMW+X3+M+and+the+all-new+BMW+X4+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.bmwgroup.com%2Fglobal%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2FT0291184EN%2Fthe-all-new-bmw-x3-m-and-the-all-new-bmw-x4-m%3Flanguage%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carbuzz.com/news/the-next-generation-bmw-x5-m-could-debut-early-in-2020">"The Next-Generation BMW X5 M Could Debut Early In 2020"</a>. <i>www.carbuzz.com</i>. 30 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.carbuzz.com&rft.atitle=The+Next-Generation+BMW+X5+M+Could+Debut+Early+In+2020&rft.date=2017-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarbuzz.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-next-generation-bmw-x5-m-could-debut-early-in-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.autoevolution.com/news/2020-bmw-x6-g06-spied-in-spartanburg-126617.html">"2020 BMW X6 (G06) Spied In Spartanburg"</a>. <i>www.autoevolution.com</i>. 25 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190729103150/https://www.autoevolution.com/news/2020-bmw-x6-g06-spied-in-spartanburg-126617.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.autoevolution.com&rft.atitle=2020+BMW+X6+%28G06%29+Spied+In+Spartanburg&rft.date=2018-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.autoevolution.com%2Fnews%2F2020-bmw-x6-g06-spied-in-spartanburg-126617.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">bmwusa.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patton2009-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Patton2009_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Patton2009_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatton2009" class="citation news cs1">Patton, Phil (12 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/automobiles/collectibles/15artcars.html">"These Canvases Need Oil and a Good Driver"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. AU1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329032117/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/automobiles/collectibles/15artcars.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=These+Canvases+Need+Oil+and+a+Good+Driver&rft.pages=AU1&rft.date=2009-03-12&rft.aulast=Patton&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F03%2F15%2Fautomobiles%2Fcollectibles%2F15artcars.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2009" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Stephen (31 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/03/automobiles/03museums.html">"Touring the Temples of German Automaking"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171022085155/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/03/automobiles/03museums.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Touring+the+Temples+of+German+Automaking&rft.date=2009-12-31&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F01%2F03%2Fautomobiles%2F03museums.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchmittVan_Zutphen2012" class="citation cs2">Schmitt, Bernd; Van Zutphen, Glenn (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UPi7nca0jukC&pg=PA64"><i>Happy Customers Everywhere: How Your Business Can Profit from the Insights of Positive Psychology</i></a>, Macmillan, p. 64, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137000460" title="Special:BookSources/9781137000460"><bdi>9781137000460</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180319230302/https://books.google.com/books?id=UPi7nca0jukC&pg=PA64">archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Happy+Customers+Everywhere%3A+How+Your+Business+Can+Profit+from+the+Insights+of+Positive+Psychology&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781137000460&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=Bernd&rft.au=Van+Zutphen%2C+Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUPi7nca0jukC%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.artnet.com/art-world/bmw-art-journey-2021-short-list-1970462">"The Short List Is in for the 2021 Edition of the BMW Art Journey Initiative. And the Nominees Are..."</a> <i>Artnet News</i>. 21 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Artnet+News&rft.atitle=The+Short+List+Is+in+for+the+2021+Edition+of+the+BMW+Art+Journey+Initiative.+And+the+Nominees+Are...&rft.date=2021-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.artnet.com%2Fart-world%2Fbmw-art-journey-2021-short-list-1970462&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cultura.acciona.com/projects/the-bmw-painting-award">"The BMW Painting Award"</a>. <i>Acciona Cultura</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Acciona+Cultura&rft.atitle=The+BMW+Painting+Award&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcultura.acciona.com%2Fprojects%2Fthe-bmw-painting-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527132415/http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/irvinem/visualarts/museums/Economist-MuseumMarketing-Guggenheim-04-19-01.html">"When merchants enter the temple; Marketing museums"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 21 April 2001. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=BMW+recalls+324%2C000+cars+in+Europe+after+Korean+engine+fires%3A+FAZ&rft.date=2018-08-07&rft.aulast=Randewich&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft.au=Duguid%2C+Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-bmw-recall%2Fbmw-recalls-324000-cars-in-europe-after-korean-engine-fires-faz-idUSKBN1KS1ST&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMullen2018" class="citation news cs1">Mullen, Jethro (14 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2018/08/14/news/companies/bmw-korea-fire-recall/index.html">"BMW Recall: South Korea announces ban after engine fires"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181016165313/https://money.cnn.com/2018/08/14/news/companies/bmw-korea-fire-recall/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BMW+Recall%3A+South+Korea+announces+ban+after+engine+fires&rft.date=2018-08-14&rft.aulast=Mullen&rft.aufirst=Jethro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2018%2F08%2F14%2Fnews%2Fcompanies%2Fbmw-korea-fire-recall%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=001&oid=437&aid=0000188659">"BMW코리아 '시정계획서'엔…2년 전 결함 인지→본사 보고까지 : 네이버 뉴스"</a>. <i>www.naver.com</i> (in Korean). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190824234932/https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=001&oid=437&aid=0000188659">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.naver.com&rft.atitle=BMW%EC%BD%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+%27%EC%8B%9C%EC%A0%95%EA%B3%84%ED%9A%8D%EC%84%9C%27%EC%97%94%E2%80%A62%EB%85%84+%EC%A0%84+%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A8+%EC%9D%B8%EC%A7%80%E2%86%92%EB%B3%B8%EC%82%AC+%EB%B3%B4%EA%B3%A0%EA%B9%8C%EC%A7%80+%3A+%EB%84%A4%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%84+%EB%89%B4%EC%8A%A4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.naver.com%2Fmain%2Fread.nhn%3Fmode%3DLSD%26mid%3Dsec%26sid1%3D001%26oid%3D437%26aid%3D0000188659&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.naver.com/main/ranking/read.nhn?mid=etc&sid1=111&rankingType=popular_day&oid=032&aid=0002886392&date=20180808&type=0&rankingSeq=2&rankingSectionId=103">"BMW코리아·본사가 결함 은폐해온 의혹" 차주들, 고소 나선다 : 네이버 뉴스"</a>. <i>www.naver.com</i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.naver.com&rft.atitle=BMW%EC%BD%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%C2%B7%EB%B3%B8%EC%82%AC%EA%B0%80+%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A8+%EC%9D%80%ED%8F%90%ED%95%B4%EC%98%A8+%EC%9D%98%ED%98%B9%22+%EC%B0%A8%EC%A3%BC%EB%93%A4%2C+%EA%B3%A0%EC%86%8C+%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EB%8B%A4+%3A+%EB%84%A4%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%84+%EB%89%B4%EC%8A%A4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.naver.com%2Fmain%2Franking%2Fread.nhn%3Fmid%3Detc%26sid1%3D111%26rankingType%3Dpopular_day%26oid%3D032%26aid%3D0002886392%26date%3D20180808%26type%3D0%26rankingSeq%3D2%26rankingSectionId%3D103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/mclaren-f1-supercar-road-test-review">"McLaren F1 Supercar"</a>. <i>www.caranddriver.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171005202323/https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/mclaren-f1-supercar-road-test-review">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.caranddriver.com&rft.atitle=McLaren+F1+Supercar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caranddriver.com%2Freviews%2Fmclaren-f1-supercar-road-test-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211055512/http://www.carscoops.com/2013/07/jay-leno-pulls-out-mclaren-f1-v12.html">"Jay Leno Pulls Out McLaren F1's V12 Engine for All to See"</a>. <i>www.carscoops.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carscoops.com/2013/07/jay-leno-pulls-out-mclaren-f1-v12.html">the original</a> on 11 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.carscoops.com&rft.atitle=Jay+Leno+Pulls+Out+McLaren+F1%27s+V12+Engine+for+All+to+See&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carscoops.com%2F2013%2F07%2Fjay-leno-pulls-out-mclaren-f1-v12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wardsauto.com/news-analysis/psa-bmw-collaboration-grows">"PSA, BMW Collaboration Grows"</a>. <i>www.wardsauto.com</i>. 19 January 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171006014858/http://wardsauto.com/news-analysis/psa-bmw-collaboration-grows">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wardsauto.com&rft.atitle=PSA%2C+BMW+Collaboration+Grows&rft.date=2007-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwardsauto.com%2Fnews-analysis%2Fpsa-bmw-collaboration-grows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topspeed.com/cars/bmw/2010-bmw-activehybrid-7-ar77932.html">"2010 BMW ActiveHybrid 7 Review"</a>. <i>www.topspeed.com</i>. 13 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.topspeed.com&rft.atitle=2010+BMW+ActiveHybrid+7+Review&rft.date=2009-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topspeed.com%2Fcars%2Fbmw%2F2010-bmw-activehybrid-7-ar77932.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171006111849/http://www.bmwblog.com/2009/08/12/2010-bmw-activehybrid-7-official-information/">"2010 BMW ActiveHybrid 7 – Official Information"</a>. <i>www.bmwblog.com</i>. 12 August 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmwblog.com/2009/08/12/2010-bmw-activehybrid-7-official-information/">the original</a> on 6 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bmwblog.com&rft.atitle=2010+BMW+ActiveHybrid+7+%E2%80%93+Official+Information&rft.date=2009-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmwblog.com%2F2009%2F08%2F12%2F2010-bmw-activehybrid-7-official-information%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turnto23.com/news/national/bmw-and-daimler-partner-together-to-develop-automated-driving-technology">"BMW and Daimler to develop automated driving tech"</a>. <i>KERO</i>. 5 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190705235425/https://www.turnto23.com/news/national/bmw-and-daimler-partner-together-to-develop-automated-driving-technology">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KERO&rft.atitle=BMW+and+Daimler+to+develop+automated+driving+tech&rft.date=2019-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turnto23.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fbmw-and-daimler-partner-together-to-develop-automated-driving-technology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0136503EN/bmw-group-and-toyota-motor-corporation-deepen-collaboration-by-signing-binding-agreements?language=en">"BMW Group and Toyota Motor Corporation Deepen Collaboration by Signing Binding Agreements"</a>. <i>www.bmwgroup.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171006012024/https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0136503EN/bmw-group-and-toyota-motor-corporation-deepen-collaboration-by-signing-binding-agreements?language=en">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bmwgroup.com&rft.atitle=BMW+Group+and+Toyota+Motor+Corporation+Deepen+Collaboration+by+Signing+Binding+Agreements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.bmwgroup.com%2Fglobal%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2FT0136503EN%2Fbmw-group-and-toyota-motor-corporation-deepen-collaboration-by-signing-binding-agreements%3Flanguage%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1081864_bmw-to-build-hydrogen-fuel-cell-cars-with-toyota-technology">"BMW, Toyota Confirm Hydrogen Fuel Cell, Technology Deals"</a>. 24 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160628173239/http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1081864_bmw-to-build-hydrogen-fuel-cell-cars-with-toyota-technology">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BMW%2C+Toyota+Confirm+Hydrogen+Fuel+Cell%2C+Technology+Deals&rft.date=2013-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greencarreports.com%2Fnews%2F1081864_bmw-to-build-hydrogen-fuel-cell-cars-with-toyota-technology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmwblog.com/2013/01/24/bmw-and-toyota-sign-agreement-for-fuel-cell-system-sports-vehicle-lightweight-technology-and-lithium-air-battery/">"BMW and Toyota sign Agreement for Fuel Cell System, Sports Vehicle, Lightweight Technology and Lithium-air Battery"</a>. <i>www.bmwblog.com</i>. 24 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bmwblog.com&rft.atitle=BMW+and+Toyota+sign+Agreement+for+Fuel+Cell+System%2C+Sports+Vehicle%2C+Lightweight+Technology+and+Lithium-air+Battery&rft.date=2013-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmwblog.com%2F2013%2F01%2F24%2Fbmw-and-toyota-sign-agreement-for-fuel-cell-system-sports-vehicle-lightweight-technology-and-lithium-air-battery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2015/8/3/9088727/nokia-sells-here-maps">"Nokia sells Here maps unit to Audi, BMW, and Mercedes for $3 billion"</a>. <i>www.theverge.com</i>. 3 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171006011721/https://www.theverge.com/2015/8/3/9088727/nokia-sells-here-maps">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Horizn+Studios+Introduces+New+Product+Line&rft.date=2018-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvegconomist.com%2Fproducts-and-launches%2Fhorizn-studios-introduces-new-product-line%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171007120657/https://www.teamusa.org/News/2010/July/26/BMW-USOC-make-6-year-sponsorship-deal-official">"BMW, USOC make 6-year sponsorship deal official"</a>. <i>www.teamusa.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teamusa.org/News/2010/July/26/BMW-USOC-make-6-year-sponsorship-deal-official">the original</a> on 7 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.teamusa.org&rft.atitle=BMW%2C+USOC+make+6-year+sponsorship+deal+official&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teamusa.org%2FNews%2F2010%2FJuly%2F26%2FBMW-USOC-make-6-year-sponsorship-deal-official&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.autonews.com/article/20100726/OEM/100729924/bmw-to-sponsor-americas-olympic-committee">"BMW to sponsor America's Olympic committee"</a>. <i>www.autonews.com</i>. 23 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.autonews.com&rft.atitle=BMW+to+sponsor+America%27s+Olympic+committee&rft.date=2010-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.autonews.com%2Farticle%2F20100726%2FOEM%2F100729924%2Fbmw-to-sponsor-americas-olympic-committee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171358/http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Global/Issues/2013/04/10/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/BMW-QA-Eckhard-Wannieck.aspx">"BMW Int'l Sponsorship Head Eckhard Wannieck Talks About Company's Sports Sponsorships"</a>. <i>www.sportsbusinessdaily.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Global/Issues/2013/04/10/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/BMW-QA-Eckhard-Wannieck.aspx">the original</a> on 7 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sportsbusinessdaily.com&rft.atitle=BMW+Int%27l+Sponsorship+Head+Eckhard+Wannieck+Talks+About+Company%27s+Sports+Sponsorships&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportsbusinessdaily.com%2FGlobal%2FIssues%2F2013%2F04%2F10%2FMarketing-and-Sponsorship%2FBMW-QA-Eckhard-Wannieck.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pgatour.com/news/2014/05/27/bmw-extends-title-sponsorship-bmw-championship.html">"BMW extends sponsorship of BMW Championship"</a>. <i>www.pgatour.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171007170058/https://www.pgatour.com/news/2014/05/27/bmw-extends-title-sponsorship-bmw-championship.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pgatour.com&rft.atitle=BMW+extends+sponsorship+of+BMW+Championship&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pgatour.com%2Fnews%2F2014%2F05%2F27%2Fbmw-extends-title-sponsorship-bmw-championship.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pgatour.com/tournaments/bmw-championship/sponsors.html">"Sponsors"</a>. <i>www.pgatour.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171007120237/https://www.pgatour.com/tournaments/bmw-championship/sponsors.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pgatour.com&rft.atitle=Sponsors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pgatour.com%2Ftournaments%2Fbmw-championship%2Fsponsors.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sponsorship.com/iegsr/2014/05/12/Who-Does-What--Automobile-Manufacturers.aspx">"Who Does What: Automobile Manufacturers"</a>. <i>www.sponsorship.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170916212040/http://www.sponsorship.com/iegsr/2014/05/12/Who-Does-What--Automobile-Manufacturers.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sponsorship.com&rft.atitle=Who+Does+What%3A+Automobile+Manufacturers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sponsorship.com%2Fiegsr%2F2014%2F05%2F12%2FWho-Does-What--Automobile-Manufacturers.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sponsorship.com/IEGSR/2012/11/19/A-Slow-And-Steady-Course--Inside-BMW-s-Sponsorship.aspx">"A Slow And Steady Course: Inside BMW's Sponsorship Strategy"</a>. <i>www.sponsorship.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170610083234/http://www.sponsorship.com/iegsr/2012/11/19/A-Slow-And-Steady-Course--Inside-BMW-s-Sponsorship.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sponsorship.com&rft.atitle=A+Slow+And+Steady+Course%3A+Inside+BMW%27s+Sponsorship+Strategy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sponsorship.com%2FIEGSR%2F2012%2F11%2F19%2FA-Slow-And-Steady-Course--Inside-BMW-s-Sponsorship.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612010703/http://www.sportbusiness.com/news/176850/bmw-extends-sponsorship-of-wentworth-pga-event">"BMW extends sponsorship of Wentworth PGA event"</a>. Sportbusiness.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sportbusiness.com/news/176850/bmw-extends-sponsorship-of-wentworth-pga-event">the original</a> on 12 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BMW+extends+sponsorship+of+Wentworth+PGA+event&rft.pub=Sportbusiness.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportbusiness.com%2Fnews%2F176850%2Fbmw-extends-sponsorship-of-wentworth-pga-event&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.supersport.com/rugby/article.aspx?Id=418826">"BMW named new Springbok sponsor"</a>. <i>www.supersport.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171007120234/https://www.supersport.com/rugby/article.aspx?Id=418826">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.supersport.com&rft.atitle=BMW+named+new+Springbok+sponsor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.supersport.com%2Frugby%2Farticle.aspx%3FId%3D418826&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wheels24.co.za/News/bmw-sa-drops-the-springboks-20151123">"BMW SA drops the Springboks"</a>. <i>www.wheels24.co.za</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161222025454/http://www.wheels24.co.za/News/bmw-sa-drops-the-springboks-20151123">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wheels24.co.za&rft.atitle=BMW+SA+drops+the+Springboks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wheels24.co.za%2FNews%2Fbmw-sa-drops-the-springboks-20151123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627144227/https://www.drive-now.com/de/en/about">"About DriveNow Car Sharing from BMW & Sixt"</a>. <i>www.drive-now.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drive-now.com/de/en/about">the original</a> on 27 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.drive-now.com&rft.atitle=About+DriveNow+Car+Sharing+from+BMW+%26+Sixt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drive-now.com%2Fde%2Fen%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002050715/http://electricdrive.org/index.php?ht=d%2FReleaseDetails%2Fid%2F33626">"BMW Group takes top prize at the 2012 Corporate Entrepreneur Awards for premium car-sharing joint venture DriveNow. Jury impressed by willingness to trial new models of mobility"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BMW+Group+takes+top+prize+at+the+2012+Corporate+Entrepreneur+Awards+for+premium+car-sharing+joint+venture+DriveNow.+Jury+impressed+by+willingness+to+trial+new+models+of+mobility&rft.pub=Electricdrive.org&rft.date=2012-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felectricdrive.org%2Findex.php%3Fht%3Dd%2FReleaseDetails%2Fid%2F33626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190517174913/https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/brands-and-services/alphabet.html">"Alphabet Business Mobility solutions"</a>. <i>www.bmwgroup.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/brands-and-services/alphabet.html">the original</a> on 17 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bmwgroup.com&rft.atitle=Alphabet+Business+Mobility+solutions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmwgroup.com%2Fen%2Fbrands-and-services%2Falphabet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190702113228/https://www.fleetnews.co.uk/news/2012/4/2/corporate-car-sharing-scheme-claims-to-be-a-first/43077/">"Corporate car sharing scheme claims to be a first"</a>. <i>www.fleetnews.co.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fleetnews.co.uk/news/2012/4/2/corporate-car-sharing-scheme-claims-to-be-a-first/43077/">the original</a> on 2 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fleetnews.co.uk&rft.atitle=Corporate+car+sharing+scheme+claims+to+be+a+first&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fleetnews.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2012%2F4%2F2%2Fcorporate-car-sharing-scheme-claims-to-be-a-first%2F43077%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ReachNow official website. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmwcarsharing.com/">ReachNow | CarSharing by BMW, BMW i, MINI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160413121434/http://www.bmwcarsharing.com/">Archived</a> 13 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." 8 May 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHawkins2021" class="citation web cs1">Hawkins, Andrew J (14 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/14/22231451/bmw-access-subscription-shut-down-nashville-cancel">"BMW becomes the latest automaker to shut down its subscription service"</a>. <i>The Verge</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=BMW+becomes+the+latest+automaker+to+shut+down+its+subscription+service&rft.date=2021-01-14&rft.aulast=Hawkins&rft.aufirst=Andrew+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2021%2F1%2F14%2F22231451%2Fbmw-access-subscription-shut-down-nashville-cancel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brillianceauto.com/company/overview.html">General Overview</a>", Brilliance Auto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160119193005/http://www.brillianceauto.com/company/overview.html">Archived</a> 19 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.testdriven.co.uk/news.cfm/bmw-opens-china-factory">"BMW opens China factory"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=BMW+to+build+1+billion+euro+car+factory+in+Hungary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-bmw-production-factory%2Fbmw-to-build-1-billion-euro-car-factory-in-hungary-idUSKBN1KL12X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MexicoBMW-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MexicoBMW_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809120810/http://www.mexicostar.com/index.php/sid/223478259/scat/4b980140662cfc90/ht/Joining-rivals-BMW-to-set-up-1bn-plant-in-Mexico">"Joining rivals, BMW to set up $1bn plant in Mexico"</a>. <i>Mexico Star</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realoem.com/bmw/en/select?product=P&archive=1&series=ISE&body=Ise1&model=Isetta+300&market=USA">the original</a> on 26 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bmwgroup.com&rft.atitle=Company+-+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmwgroup.com%2Fen%2Fcompany%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortune.com/2015/05/12/bmw-luxury-sales/">"This is how BMW became the top selling luxury car company in the U.S."</a> <i>www.fortune.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171028150210/http://fortune.com/2015/05/12/bmw-luxury-sales/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fortune.com&rft.atitle=This+is+how+BMW+became+the+top+selling+luxury+car+company+in+the+U.S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2015%2F05%2F12%2Fbmw-luxury-sales%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edmunds.com/industry-center/data/sales-by-manufacturer.html">"Sales by Manufacturer"</a>. <i>www.edmunds.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171026163829/https://www.edmunds.com/industry-center/data/sales-by-manufacturer.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.edmunds.com&rft.atitle=Sales+by+Manufacturer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.edmunds.com%2Findustry-center%2Fdata%2Fsales-by-manufacturer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roundel201504-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-roundel201504_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1">"BMW Plant Spartanburg leads U.S. auto exports". <i><a href="/wiki/Roundel_(magazine)" title="Roundel (magazine)">Roundel</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/BMW_Car_Club_of_America" title="BMW Car Club of America">BMW Car Club of America</a>: 30. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BMW+Group+assembles+first+car+in+Brazil&rft.pub=press.bmwgroup.com&rft.date=2014-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.bmwgroup.com%2Fglobal%2FpressDetail.html%3Ftitle%3Dbmw-group-assembles-first-car-in-brazil%26outputChannelId%3D6%26id%3DT0194443EN%26left_menu_item%3Dnode__4088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171028144957/https://www.just-auto.com/news/bmw-brazil-to-export-x1-suvs-to-us_id169279.aspx">"BMW Brazil to export X1 SUVs to US"</a>. <i>www.just-auto.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theglobeandmail.com&rft.atitle=In+photos%3A+The+evolution+and+history+of+BMW+as+it+turns+100&rft.date=2016-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fglobe-drive%2Fin-photos-100-years-of-bmw%2Farticle29032892%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171028094453/https://www.bmwlondon.ca/history-bmw-canada/">"History of BMW Canada"</a>. <i>www.bmwlondon.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmwlondon.ca/history-bmw-canada/">the original</a> on 28 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bmwlondon.ca&rft.atitle=History+of+BMW+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmwlondon.ca%2Fhistory-bmw-canada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171028093401/http://bmwcareer.jp/en/bmwjapan/">"About BMW Japan Corp"</a>. <i>www.bmwcareer.jp</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bmwcareer.jp/en/bmwjapan/">the original</a> on 28 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bmwcareer.jp&rft.atitle=About+BMW+Japan+Corp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbmwcareer.jp%2Fen%2Fbmwjapan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200304103746/https://www.bmw.com.ph/en/index.html">"BMW Philippines"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmw.com.ph/en/index.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BMW+Philippines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmw.com.ph%2Fen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.autoindustriya.com/auto-industry-news/philippine-auto-industry-sold-416-637-units-in-2019.html">"Philippine auto industry reports 416,637 unit sales in 2019"</a>. autoindustriya.com. 3 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Philippine+auto+industry+reports+416%2C637+unit+sales+in+2019&rft.pub=autoindustriya.com&rft.date=2020-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.autoindustriya.com%2Fauto-industry-news%2Fphilippine-auto-industry-sold-416-637-units-in-2019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190811181456/https://www.bmw.co.kr/ko/discover/corporation/BMW-korea-introduction.html">"Introduction to BMW Korea"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmw.co.kr/ko/discover/corporation/BMW-korea-introduction.html">the original</a> on 11 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+BMW+Korea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmw.co.kr%2Fko%2Fdiscover%2Fcorporation%2FBMW-korea-introduction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2019-12-04-bmw-apple-carplay-waives-subscription-fee.html">"BMW will drop its Apple CarPlay fees (updated)"</a>. <i>Engadget</i>. 4 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Engadget&rft.atitle=BMW+will+drop+its+Apple+CarPlay+fees+%28updated%29&rft.date=2019-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2019-12-04-bmw-apple-carplay-waives-subscription-fee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEstrada2018" class="citation web cs1">Estrada, Zac (16 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/16/16897326/bmw-apple-carplay-subscription-google-alexa-detroit-auto-show-2018">"Is BMW going to make you pay for Apple CarPlay every year?"</a>. <i>The Verge</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Is+BMW+going+to+make+you+pay+for+Apple+CarPlay+every+year%3F&rft.date=2018-01-16&rft.aulast=Estrada&rft.aufirst=Zac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2018%2F1%2F16%2F16897326%2Fbmw-apple-carplay-subscription-google-alexa-detroit-auto-show-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVincent2022" class="citation web cs1">Vincent, James (12 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2022/7/12/23204950/bmw-subscriptions-microtransactions-heated-seats-feature">"BMW starts selling heated seat subscriptions for $18 a month"</a>. <i>The Verge</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=BMW+starts+selling+heated+seat+subscriptions+for+%2418+a+month&rft.date=2022-07-12&rft.aulast=Vincent&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2022%2F7%2F12%2F23204950%2Fbmw-subscriptions-microtransactions-heated-seats-feature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHawkins2023" class="citation web cs1">Hawkins, Andrew J. (7 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2023/9/7/23863258/bmw-cancel-heated-seat-subscription-microtransaction">"BMW drops plan to charge a monthly fee for heated seats"</a>. <i>The Verge</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=BMW+drops+plan+to+charge+a+monthly+fee+for+heated+seats&rft.date=2023-09-07&rft.aulast=Hawkins&rft.aufirst=Andrew+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2023%2F9%2F7%2F23863258%2Fbmw-cancel-heated-seat-subscription-microtransaction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrunertTriebe2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Grunert, Manfred; Triebe, Florian (2006). <i>Das Unternehmen BMW seit 1916</i> [<i>The BMW Company since 1916</i>] (in German). Königswinter, Germany: Heel Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3932169468" title="Special:BookSources/3932169468"><bdi>3932169468</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Unternehmen+BMW+seit+1916&rft.place=K%C3%B6nigswinter%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Heel+Verlag&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=3932169468&rft.aulast=Grunert&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rft.au=Triebe%2C+Florian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHodges2000" class="citation book cs1">Hodges, David (2000). <i>BMW</i>. Suttons Photographic History of Transport series. Stroud, Gloucestershire, England: Sutton Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921447" title="Special:BookSources/0750921447"><bdi>0750921447</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BMW&rft.place=Stroud%2C+Gloucestershire%2C+England&rft.series=Suttons+Photographic+History+of+Transport+series&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0750921447&rft.aulast=Hodges&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKiley2004" class="citation book cs1">Kiley, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/driveninsidebmwm00kile_0/mode/2up"><i>Driven: Inside BMW, the Most Admired Car Company in the World</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-26920-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-26920-5"><bdi>978-0-471-26920-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Driven%3A+Inside+BMW%2C+the+Most+Admired+Car+Company+in+the+World&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-471-26920-5&rft.aulast=Kiley&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdriveninsidebmwm00kile_0%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewandowski2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lewandowski, Jürgen (2006). <i>BMW: Typen und Geschichte</i> [<i>BMW: Types and History</i>] (in German) (3rd ed.). Bielefeld: Delius Klasing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3768814203" title="Special:BookSources/3768814203"><bdi>3768814203</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BMW%3A+Typen+und+Geschichte&rft.place=Bielefeld&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Delius+Klasing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=3768814203&rft.aulast=Lewandowski&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewin2022" class="citation book cs1">Lewin, Tony (2022). <i>BMW Century</i> (2nd ed.). Beverly, MA, USA: Motorbooks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780760373774" title="Special:BookSources/9780760373774"><bdi>9780760373774</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BMW+Century&rft.place=Beverly%2C+MA%2C+USA&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Motorbooks&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9780760373774&rft.aulast=Lewin&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNoakes2010" class="citation book cs1">Noakes, Andrew (2010). <i>The Ultimate History of BMW: From the innovative 328 sports car and the Isetta bubble car to the 5 Series Gran Turismo</i>. Bath: Parragon Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781407549781" title="Special:BookSources/9781407549781"><bdi>9781407549781</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ultimate+History+of+BMW%3A+From+the+innovative+328+sports+car+and+the+Isetta+bubble+car+to+the+5+Series+Gran+Turismo&rft.place=Bath&rft.pub=Parragon+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781407549781&rft.aulast=Noakes&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchrader2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halwart_Schrader" class="extiw" title="de:Halwart Schrader">Schrader, Halwart</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span> (2011). <i>BMW: Passion · Power · Perfektion</i> [<i>BMW: Passion · Power · Perfection</i>] (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783613033788" title="Special:BookSources/9783613033788"><bdi>9783613033788</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BMW%3A+Passion+%C2%B7+Power+%C2%B7+Perfektion&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pub=Motorbuch+Verlag&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9783613033788&rft.aulast=Schrader&rft.aufirst=Halwart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchrader2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">———————— (2016). <i>BMW: Von 1981 bis heute</i> [<i>BMW: From 1981 to today</i>]. Typenkompass series (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783613038721" title="Special:BookSources/9783613038721"><bdi>9783613038721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BMW%3A+Von+1981+bis+heute&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.series=Typenkompass+series&rft.pub=Motorbuch+Verlag&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9783613038721&rft.aulast=Schrader&rft.aufirst=Halwart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWerner2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Werner, Constanze (2006). <i>Kriegswirtschaft und Zwangsarbeit bei BMW</i> [<i>War Economy and Forced Labour at BMW</i>] (in German). München: Oldenbourg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3486577921" title="Special:BookSources/3486577921"><bdi>3486577921</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kriegswirtschaft+und+Zwangsarbeit+bei+BMW&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.pub=Oldenbourg&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=3486577921&rft.aulast=Werner&rft.aufirst=Constanze&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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(marque)">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinoro" title="Zinoro">Zinoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riley_Motor" title="Riley Motor">Riley</a> (inactive)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> (inactive)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Previous brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapp_Motorenwerke" title="Rapp Motorenwerke">Rapp Motorenwerke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach" title="Automobilwerk Eisenach">Automobilwerk Eisenach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Marine" title="BMW Marine">BMW Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Dixi" title="BMW Dixi">Dixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glas_(company)" title="Glas (company)">Glas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Flugmaschinenfabrik" title="Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik">Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husqvarna_Motorcycles" title="Husqvarna Motorcycles">Husqvarna Motorcycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company#BMW" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions and subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Bank" title="BMW Bank">BMW Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_M_Motorsport" title="BMW M Motorsport">BMW M Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_in_the_United_States" title="BMW in the United States">BMW in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Mexico" title="BMW Mexico">BMW Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_South_Africa" title="BMW South Africa">BMW South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Manufacturing_(Thailand)" title="BMW Manufacturing (Thailand)">BMW Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_India" title="BMW India">BMW India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designworks" title="Designworks">Designworks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint ventures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Brilliance" title="BMW Brilliance">BMW Brilliance</a> (75%) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zinoro" title="Zinoro">Zinoro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotlight_Automotive" title="Spotlight Automotive">Spotlight Automotive</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Here_Technologies" title="Here Technologies">Here</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_Now" title="Share Now">Share Now</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BMW_vehicles" title="List of BMW vehicles">List of BMW vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rolls-Royce_motor_cars" title="List of Rolls-Royce motor cars">List of Rolls-Royce motor cars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Assist" title="BMW Assist">BMW Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConnectedDrive" title="ConnectedDrive">ConnectedDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDrive" class="mw-redirect" title="IDrive">iDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valvetronic" title="Valvetronic">Valvetronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VANOS" title="VANOS">VANOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_xDrive" title="BMW xDrive">xDrive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorsport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpina" title="Alpina">Alpina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_in_motorsport" title="BMW in motorsport">BMW in motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One" title="BMW in Formula One">BMW in Formula One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_M1_Procar_Championship" title="BMW M1 Procar Championship">BMW M1 Procar Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumho_BMW_Championship" title="Kumho BMW Championship">Kumho BMW Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_RMG" title="Team RMG">Team RMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnitzer_Motorsport" title="Schnitzer Motorsport">Team Schnitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_Bart_Mampaey" title="Racing Bart Mampaey">Team RBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_MTEK" title="Team MTEK">Team MTEK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahal_Letterman_Lanigan_Racing" title="Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing">Team RLL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schubert_Motorsport" title="Schubert Motorsport">Team Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turner_Motorsport" title="Turner Motorsport">Turner Motorsport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Headquarters" title="BMW Headquarters">BMW Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Museum" title="BMW Museum">BMW Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Welt" title="BMW Welt">BMW Welt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Group_Plant_Dingolfing" title="BMW Group Plant Dingolfing">BMW Group Plant Dingolfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Central_Building" title="BMW Central Building">BMW Central Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_BMW" title="History of BMW">History of BMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_BMW_motorcycles" title="History of BMW motorcycles">History of BMW motorcycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Art_Car" title="BMW Art Car">BMW Art Car</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BMW_automobile_series_and_sub_brands70" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BMW_series" title="Template:BMW series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BMW_series" title="Template talk:BMW series"><abbr title="Discuss this 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series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series" title="BMW 7 Series">7 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_8_Series" title="BMW 8 Series">8 series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Model families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_X" title="BMW X">X models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Z" title="BMW Z">Z models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_GT" title="BMW GT">GT models</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sub brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_M" title="BMW M">BMW M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_i" title="BMW i">BMW i</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BMW_motorcycles117" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BMW_motorcycles" title="Template:BMW motorcycles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BMW_motorcycles" title="Template talk:BMW motorcycles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BMW_motorcycles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BMW motorcycles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BMW_motorcycles117" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Motorrad" title="BMW Motorrad">BMW motorcycles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Petrol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_C1" title="BMW C1">C1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_C600_Sport_and_C650GT" title="BMW C600 Sport and C650GT">C600 Sport & C650GT</a></li> <li>BMW C400X & C400GT</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Electric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_C_evolution" title="BMW C evolution">C evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_CE_02" title="BMW CE 02">CE 02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_CE_04" title="BMW CE 04">CE 04</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">F series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Single cylinder</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_F_series_single-cylinder" title="BMW F series single-cylinder">F650 Funduro, F650ST Strada, F650GS (single) & F650GS Dakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_F650CS" title="BMW F650CS">F650CS Scarver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Twin cylinder</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_F_series_parallel-twin" title="BMW F series parallel-twin">F650GS (twin), F700GS, F800GS & F800GSA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_F750GS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW F750GS (page does not exist)">F750GS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_F850GS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW F850GS (page does not exist)">F850GS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_F800GT" title="BMW F800GT">F800GT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_F800R" title="BMW F800R">F800R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_F800S" title="BMW F800S">F800S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_F800ST" title="BMW F800ST">F800ST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_F900R" title="BMW F900R">F900R</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_F900XR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW F900XR (page does not exist)">F900XR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_G310GS" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW G310GS">G310GS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_G310R" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW G310R">G310R</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_G310RR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW G310RR (page does not exist)">G310RR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_G450X" title="BMW G450X">G450X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_G650X_series" title="BMW G650X series">BMW G650X series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_G650GS" title="BMW G650GS">G650GS & G650 Sertão</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">HP series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_HP2_Enduro" title="BMW HP2 Enduro">HP2 Enduro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_HP2_Megamoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW HP2 Megamoto (page does not exist)">HP2 Megamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_HP2_Sport" title="BMW HP2 Sport">HP2 Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_HP4" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW HP4">HP4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_K1" title="BMW K1">K1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_K75" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW K75">K75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_K100" title="BMW K100">K100</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_K1100RT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW K1100RT (page does not exist)">K1100RT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_K1100LT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW K1100LT (page does not exist)">K1100LT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_K1100RS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW K1100RS (page does not exist)">K1100RS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_K1200GT" title="BMW K1200GT">K1200GT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_K1200LT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW K1200LT (page does not exist)">K1200LT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_K1200R" title="BMW K1200R">K1200R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_K1200RS" title="BMW K1200RS">K1200RS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_K1200S" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW K1200S">K1200S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_K1300R" title="BMW K1300R">K1300R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_K1300S" title="BMW K1300S">K1300S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_K1300GT" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW K1300GT">K1300GT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_K1600" title="BMW K1600">K1600 series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R2" title="BMW R2">R2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R12_and_R17" title="BMW R12 and R17">R12 (1935)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R12_(2024)" title="BMW R12 (2024)">R12 (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R18" title="BMW R18">R18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R27" title="BMW R27">R27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R32" title="BMW R32">R32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R45" title="BMW R45">R45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R51/3" title="BMW R51/3">R51/3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R60/2" title="BMW R60/2">R60/2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R65" title="BMW R65">R65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R68" title="BMW R68">R68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R69S" title="BMW R69S">R69S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_R71&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW R71 (page does not exist)">R71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R75" title="BMW R75">R75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_/5_motorcycles" title="BMW /5 motorcycles">/5 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_/6_motorcycles" title="BMW /6 motorcycles">/6 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R100" title="BMW R100">/7 series</a></li> <li>R80</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R80G/S" title="BMW R80G/S">R80G/S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R90S" title="BMW R90S">R90S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R100" title="BMW R100">R100RT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R100" title="BMW R100">R100S</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R850RT" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW R850RT">R850RT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1200RT#Authorities_models" title="BMW R1200RT">R900RT</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1100GS" title="BMW R1100GS">R1100GS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1100R" title="BMW R1100R">R1100R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1100RS" title="BMW R1100RS">R1100RS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1100RT" title="BMW R1100RT">R1100RT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1100S" title="BMW R1100S">R1100S</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1150GS" title="BMW R1150GS">R1150GS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1150R" title="BMW R1150R">R1150R</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_R1150RS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW R1150RS (page does not exist)">R1150RS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_R1150RT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW R1150RT (page does not exist)">R1150RT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_R1150S&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW R1150S (page does not exist)">R1150S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_R1150ST&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW R1150ST (page does not exist)">R1150ST</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1200GS" title="BMW R1200GS">R1200GS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1200R" title="BMW R1200R">R1200R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1200RS" title="BMW R1200RS">R1200RS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1200RT" title="BMW R1200RT">R1200RT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1200S" title="BMW R1200S">R1200S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1200ST" title="BMW R1200ST">R1200ST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1200C" title="BMW R1200C">R1200C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1200C" title="BMW R1200C">R1200CL</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1250GS" title="BMW R1250GS">R1250GS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_R1250R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW R1250R (page does not exist)">R1250R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1250RS" title="BMW R1250RS">R1250RS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_R1250RT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW R1250RT (page does not exist)">R1250RT</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1300GS" title="BMW R1300GS">R1300GS</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_R_nineT" title="BMW R nineT">R nineT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other motorcycles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_GS" title="BMW GS">GS series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_S1000RR" title="BMW S1000RR">S1000RR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_S1000R" title="BMW S1000R">S1000R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_S1000XR" title="BMW S1000XR">S1000XR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Friz" title="Max Friz">Max Friz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Jakob_Henne" title="Ernst Jakob Henne">Ernst Jakob Henne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Loof" title="Ernst Loof">Ernst Loof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Robb_(motorcycling)" title="David Robb (motorcycling)">David Robb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_247_engine" title="BMW 247 engine">247 engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Motorcycle_Owners_of_America" title="BMW Motorcycle Owners of America">BMW Motorcycle Owners of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_BMW_motorcycles" title="History of BMW motorcycles">History of BMW motorcycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BMW_vehicles#Motorcycles" title="List of BMW vehicles">List of BMW motorcycles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BMW_cars:_1920s_to_1940s_—_next_»163" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1920s_to_1940s" title="Template:BMW cars: 1920s to 1940s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BMW_cars:_1920s_to_1940s" title="Template talk:BMW cars: 1920s to 1940s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BMW_cars:_1920s_to_1940s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BMW cars: 1920s to 1940s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BMW_cars:_1920s_to_1940s_—_next_»163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">BMW cars: 1920s to 1940s — <a href="/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s" title="Template:BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s"><small>next</small> »</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td rowspan="2" width="10%"><b>Type</b> </td> <td colspan="2">1920s </td> <td colspan="10">1930s </td> <td colspan="10">1940s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td width="5%">8</td> <td width="5%">9 </td> <td width="3%">0</td> <td width="3%">1</td> <td width="3%">2</td> <td width="3%">3</td> <td width="3%">4</td> <td width="3%">5</td> <td width="3%">6</td> <td width="3%">7</td> <td width="3%">8</td> <td width="3%">9 </td> <td width="3%">0</td> <td width="3%">1</td> <td width="3%">2</td> <td width="3%">3</td> <td width="3%">4</td> <td width="3%">5</td> <td width="3%">6</td> <td width="3%">7</td> <td width="3%">8</td> <td width="3%">9 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Straight-four_engine" title="Straight-four engine">straight-4</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Dixi" title="BMW Dixi">Dixi 3/15/Dixi 3/15 DA/Dixi 3/15 DA1/</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3/15" title="BMW 3/15">3/15 DA2/ 3/15 DA4</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3/20" title="BMW 3/20">3/20</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_303#309" title="BMW 303">309</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="5" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Straight-six_engine" title="Straight-six engine">straight-6</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_303" title="BMW 303">303</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_303#Six-cylinder_successors:_315,_319,_and_329" title="BMW 303">315, 319</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_303#Six-cylinder_successors:_315,_319,_and_329" title="BMW 303">329</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_320" title="BMW 320">320</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_321" title="BMW 321">321</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#D0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_321" title="BMW 321">321</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_326" title="BMW 326">326</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#D0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_326" title="BMW 326">326</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_327" title="BMW 327">327</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#D0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_327" title="BMW 327">327</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_335" title="BMW 335">335</a> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">sports car</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3/15#3.2F15_DA-3_Wartburg" title="BMW 3/15">DA-3 Wartburg</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_303#315/1_and_319/1_roadsters" title="BMW 303">315/1, 319/1</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_328" title="BMW 328">328</a> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">Legend </td> <td colspan="32" style="text-align:center"><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#D0C0C0; color:#D0C0C0;">    </span> made in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany and East Germany by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Military_Administration_in_Germany" title="Soviet Military Administration in Germany">Soviet Military Administration in Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach#After_the_War:_EMW/BMW" title="Automobilwerk Eisenach">Avtovelo</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="«_previous_—_BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s_—_next_»232" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s" title="Template:BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s" title="Template talk:BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="«_previous_—_BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s_—_next_»232" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1920s_to_1940s" title="Template:BMW cars: 1920s to 1940s">« <small>previous</small></a> — BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s — <a href="/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1960s_to_1980s" title="Template:BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s"><small>next</small> »</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" width="12%"><b>Type</b> </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">1940s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">1950s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">1960s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Microcar" title="Microcar">Microcar</a> </td> <td colspan="10"></td> <td colspan="5"></td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#7FFFD4"><a href="/wiki/Isetta" title="Isetta">Isetta 250, 300</a></td> <td colspan="7"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="10"></td> <td colspan="7"></td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_600" title="BMW 600">600</a></td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Supermini" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermini">Supermini</a> </td> <td colspan="10"></td> <td colspan="10"></td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_700" title="BMW 700">LS, 700</a></td> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Compact_executive_car" title="Compact executive car">Compact executive car</a> <span style="font-size:85%">(pre-<a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series" title="BMW 3 Series">3</a>/<a href="/wiki/BMW_4_Series" title="BMW 4 Series">4</a>-series)</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0" width="3%"><a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">Sedan</a> </td> <td colspan="10"></td> <td colspan="10"></td> <td colspan="6"></td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_02_Series" title="BMW 02 Series">02 Series</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">Coupé</a> </td> <td colspan="10"></td> <td colspan="10"></td> <td colspan="7"></td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFFACD"><a href="/wiki/Glas_GT" title="Glas GT">1600GT</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Executive_car" title="Executive car">Executive car</a> <span style="font-size:85%">(pre-<a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series" title="BMW 5 Series">5</a>/<a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series" title="BMW 6 Series">6</a>-series)</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">Sedan</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_321" title="BMW 321">321</a></td> <td colspan="3"></td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#D0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_321" title="BMW 321">321</a></td> <td colspan="9"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Class#New_Class_Sedans" title="BMW New Class">New Class sedans</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">Coupé</a> </td> <td colspan="10"></td> <td colspan="10"></td> <td colspan="5"></td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Class#New_Class_Coupés" title="BMW New Class">2000 C, 2000 CS</a></td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_E9" title="BMW E9">E9</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Luxury_car" title="Luxury car">Luxury car</a> <span style="font-size:85%">(pre-<a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series" title="BMW 7 Series">7</a>/<a href="/wiki/BMW_8_Series" title="BMW 8 Series">8</a>-series)</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">Sedan</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_326" title="BMW 326">326</a></td> <td colspan="3"></td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#D0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_326" title="BMW 326">326</a></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#D0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_340" title="BMW 340">340</a><span style="font-size:115%">*</span></td> <td colspan="4"></td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="10"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_501" title="BMW 501">501 - 2.6 - 2600</a></td> <td colspan="4"></td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Six" title="BMW New Six">E3</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_335_(1939_-_1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW 335 (1939 - 1941)">335</a></td> <td colspan="8"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_501" title="BMW 501">502 - 2.6Luxus, 3.2(S) - 2600L, 3200L/S</a></td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">Coupé</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_327" title="BMW 327">327</a></td> <td colspan="4"></td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#D0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_327" title="BMW 327">327</a><span style="font-size:115%">*</span></td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_503" title="BMW 503">503</a></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3200_CS" title="BMW 3200 CS">3200 CS</a></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFFACD"><a href="/wiki/Glas_V8" title="Glas V8">3000 V8</a></td> <td colspan="1"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">Roadster</a> <span style="font-size:85%">(<a href="/wiki/BMW_Z" title="BMW Z">pre-Z-series</a>)</span> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_328" title="BMW 328">328</a></td> <td colspan="8"></td> <td colspan="6"></td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_507" title="BMW 507">507</a></td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">Legend </td> <td colspan="38" style="text-align:center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#D0C0C0; color:#D0C0C0;">    </span> made in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany and East Germany by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Military_Administration_in_Germany" title="Soviet Military Administration in Germany">Soviet Military Administration in Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach#After_the_War:_EMW/BMW" title="Automobilwerk Eisenach">Avtovelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eisenacher_Motorenwerk" title="Eisenacher Motorenwerk">EMW</a> and <a href="/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach#VEB_Automobilwerk_Eisenach" title="Automobilwerk Eisenach">AWE</a></span> | * <span style="font-size:90%">changed to EMW in 1952</span></li> <li><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#7FFFD4; color:#7FFFD4;">    </span> developed by <a href="/wiki/Iso_(automobile)" title="Iso (automobile)">Iso SpA</a></span></li> <li><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#FFFACD; color:#FFFACD;">    </span> developed by <a href="/wiki/Glas_(company)" title="Glas (company)">Hans Glas GmbH</a></span></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="«_previous_—_BMW_cars:_1960s_to_1980s_—_next_»232" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1960s_to_1980s" title="Template:BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BMW_cars:_1960s_to_1980s" title="Template talk:BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BMW_cars:_1960s_to_1980s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="«_previous_—_BMW_cars:_1960s_to_1980s_—_next_»232" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1940s_to_1960s" title="Template:BMW cars: 1940s to 1960s">« <small>previous</small></a> — BMW cars: 1960s to 1980s — <a href="/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1980s_to_2000s" title="Template:BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s"><small>next</small> »</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" width="12%"><b>Type</b> </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">1960s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">1970s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">1980s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Microcar" title="Microcar">Microcar</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#7FFFD4"><a href="/wiki/Isetta" title="Isetta">Isetta 250, 300</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Supermini" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermini">Supermini</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_700" title="BMW 700">LS, 700</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Compact_executive_car" title="Compact executive car">Compact executive car</a> <span style="font-size:85%">(pre-<a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series" title="BMW 3 Series">3</a>/<a href="/wiki/BMW_4_Series" title="BMW 4 Series">4</a>-series)</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0" width="3%"><a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">Sedan</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="11" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_02_Series" title="BMW 02 Series">02 Series</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(E21)" title="BMW 3 Series (E21)">E21</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(E30)" title="BMW 3 Series (E30)">E30</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">Coupé</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFFACD"><a href="/wiki/Glas_GT" title="Glas GT">1600GT</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Executive_car" title="Executive car">Executive car</a> <span style="font-size:85%">(pre-<a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series" title="BMW 5 Series">5</a>/<a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series" title="BMW 6 Series">6</a>-series)</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">Sedan</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="11" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Class" title="BMW New Class">New Class sedans</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(E12)" title="BMW 5 Series (E12)">E12</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(E28)" title="BMW 5 Series (E28)">E28</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(E34)" title="BMW 5 Series (E34)">E34</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">Coupé</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Class#New_Class_Coupés" title="BMW New Class">2000 C, 2000 CS</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_E9" title="BMW E9">E9</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series_(E24)" title="BMW 6 Series (E24)">E24</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Luxury_car" title="Luxury car">Luxury car</a> <span style="font-size:85%">(pre-<a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series" title="BMW 7 Series">7</a>/<a href="/wiki/BMW_8_Series" title="BMW 8 Series">8</a>-series)</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">Sedan</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_501" title="BMW 501">501, 502</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Six" title="BMW New Six">E3</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(E23)" title="BMW 7 Series (E23)">E23</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(E32)" title="BMW 7 Series (E32)">E32</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">Coupé</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3200_CS" title="BMW 3200 CS">3200 CS</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFFACD"><a href="/wiki/Glas_V8" title="Glas V8">3000 V8</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">Roadster</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Z1" title="BMW Z1">Z1</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">Sports car</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#AFEEEE"><a href="/wiki/BMW_M1" title="BMW M1">E26</a> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">Legend </td> <td colspan="32" style="text-align:center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#7FFFD4; color:#7FFFD4;">    </span> developed by <a href="/wiki/Iso_(automobile)" title="Iso (automobile)">Iso SpA</a></span></li> <li><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#FFFACD; color:#FFFACD;">    </span> developed by <a href="/wiki/Glas_(company)" title="Glas (company)">Hans Glas GmbH</a></span></li> <li><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#AFEEEE; color:#AFEEEE;">    </span> developed by <a href="/wiki/BMW_M" title="BMW M">BMW Motorsport</a></span></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="«_previous_—_BMW_cars:_1980s_to_2000s_—_next_»232" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1980s_to_2000s" title="Template:BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BMW_cars:_1980s_to_2000s" title="Template talk:BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BMW_cars:_1980s_to_2000s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s"><abbr title="Edit this 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<td width="3%">7</td> <td width="3%">8</td> <td width="3%">9 </td> <td width="3%">0</td> <td width="3%">1</td> <td width="3%">2</td> <td width="3%">3</td> <td width="3%">4</td> <td width="3%">5</td> <td width="3%">6</td> <td width="3%">7</td> <td width="3%">8</td> <td width="3%">9 </td> <td width="3%">0</td> <td width="3%">1</td> <td width="3%">2</td> <td width="3%">3</td> <td width="3%">4</td> <td width="3%">5</td> <td width="3%">6</td> <td width="3%">7</td> <td width="3%">8</td> <td width="3%">9 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_1_Series" title="BMW 1 Series">1 Series</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_1_Series_(E87)" title="BMW 1 Series (E87)">E87</a>>> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series" title="BMW 3 Series">3 Series</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(E21)" title="BMW 3 Series (E21)">E21</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(E30)" title="BMW 3 Series (E30)">E30</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(E36)" title="BMW 3 Series (E36)">E36</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(E46)" title="BMW 3 Series (E46)">E46</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(E90)" title="BMW 3 Series (E90)">E90</a>>> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series" title="BMW 5 Series">5 Series</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(E12)" title="BMW 5 Series (E12)">E12</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(E28)" title="BMW 5 Series (E28)">E28</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(E34)" title="BMW 5 Series (E34)">E34</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(E39)" title="BMW 5 Series (E39)">E39</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(E60)" title="BMW 5 Series (E60)">E60</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series" title="BMW 6 Series">6 Series</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series_(E24)" title="BMW 6 Series (E24)">E24</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series_(E63)" title="BMW 6 Series (E63)">E63</a>>> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series" title="BMW 7 Series">7 Series</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(E23)" title="BMW 7 Series (E23)">E23</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(E32)" title="BMW 7 Series (E32)">E32</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(E38)" title="BMW 7 Series (E38)">E38</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(E65)" title="BMW 7 Series (E65)">E65</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(F01)" title="BMW 7 Series (F01)">F01</a>>> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/BMW_8_Series" title="BMW 8 Series">8 Series</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_8_Series_(E31)" title="BMW 8 Series (E31)">E31</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Z" title="BMW Z">Z Series</a> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Z1" title="BMW Z1">Z1</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Z3" title="BMW Z3">Z3</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Z4_(E85)" title="BMW Z4 (E85)">Z4 (E85)</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Z4_(E89)" title="BMW Z4 (E89)">Z4 (E89)</a>>> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Z8_(E52)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW Z8 (E52)">Z8 (E52)</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="«_previous_—_BMW_cars:_2000s_to_2020s176" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_2000s_to_2020s" title="Template:BMW cars: 2000s to 2020s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BMW_cars:_2000s_to_2020s" title="Template talk:BMW cars: 2000s to 2020s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BMW_cars:_2000s_to_2020s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BMW cars: 2000s to 2020s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="«_previous_—_BMW_cars:_2000s_to_2020s176" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Template:BMW_cars:_1980s_to_2000s" title="Template:BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s">« <small>previous</small></a> — BMW cars: 2000s to 2020s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td rowspan="2" width="5%"><b>Series</b> </td> <td colspan="10">2000s </td> <td colspan="10">2010s </td> <td colspan="6">2020s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td width="3%">0</td> <td width="3%">1</td> <td width="3%">2</td> <td width="3%">3</td> <td width="3%">4</td> <td width="3%">5</td> <td width="3%">6</td> <td width="3%">7</td> <td width="3%">8</td> <td width="3%">9 </td> <td width="3%">0</td> <td width="3%">1</td> <td width="3%">2</td> <td width="3%">3</td> <td width="3%">4</td> <td width="3%">5</td> <td width="3%">6</td> <td width="3%">7</td> <td width="3%">8</td> <td width="3%">9 </td> <td width="3%">0</td> <td width="3%">1</td> <td width="3%">2</td> <td width="3%">3</td> <td width="3%">4</td> <td width="3%">5 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_1_Series" title="BMW 1 Series">1 Series</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_1_Series_(E87)" title="BMW 1 Series (E87)">E87</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_1_Series_(F20)" title="BMW 1 Series (F20)">F20</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_1_Series_(F40)" title="BMW 1 Series (F40)">F40</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_1_Series_(F70)" title="BMW 1 Series (F70)">F70</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_1_Series_(F52)" title="BMW 1 Series (F52)">F52</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E1E0;"> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series" title="BMW 2 Series">2 Series</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_(F22)" title="BMW 2 Series (F22)">F22</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_(G42)" title="BMW 2 Series (G42)">G42</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_(F44)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW 2 Series (F44)">F44</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_(F74)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW 2 Series (F74)">F74</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E1E0;"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer" title="BMW 2 Series Active Tourer">F45</a> / <a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer#BMW_2_Series_Gran_Tourer_(F46)" title="BMW 2 Series Active Tourer">F46</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Active_Tourer#Second_generation_(U06;_2021)" title="BMW 2 Series Active Tourer">U06</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series" title="BMW 3 Series">3 Series</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(E46)" title="BMW 3 Series (E46)">E46</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(E90)" title="BMW 3 Series (E90)">E90</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(F30)" title="BMW 3 Series (F30)">F30</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(G20)" title="BMW 3 Series (G20)">G20</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_4_Series" title="BMW 4 Series">4 Series</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_4_Series_(F32)" title="BMW 4 Series (F32)">F32</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_4_Series_(G22)" title="BMW 4 Series (G22)">G22</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series" title="BMW 5 Series">5 Series</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(E39)" title="BMW 5 Series (E39)">E39</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(E60)" title="BMW 5 Series (E60)">E60</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(F10)" title="BMW 5 Series (F10)">F10</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(G30)" title="BMW 5 Series (G30)">G30</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(G60)" title="BMW 5 Series (G60)">G60</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series" title="BMW 6 Series">6 Series</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series_(E63)" title="BMW 6 Series (E63)">E63</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series_(F06/F12/F13)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW 6 Series (F06/F12/F13)">F12</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series_(G32)" title="BMW 6 Series (G32)">G32</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series" title="BMW 7 Series">7 Series</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(E38)" title="BMW 7 Series (E38)">E38</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(E65)" title="BMW 7 Series (E65)">E65</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(F01)" title="BMW 7 Series (F01)">F01</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(G11)" title="BMW 7 Series (G11)">G11</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(G70)" title="BMW 7 Series (G70)">G70</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/BMW_8_Series" title="BMW 8 Series">8 Series</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_8_Series_(G15)" title="BMW 8 Series (G15)">G15</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Z" title="BMW Z">Z Series</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Z3" title="BMW Z3">Z3</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Z4_(E85)" title="BMW Z4 (E85)">E85</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Z4_(E89)" title="BMW Z4 (E89)">E89</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Z4_(G29)" title="BMW Z4 (G29)">G29</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Z8" title="BMW Z8">Z8</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/BMW_i3" title="BMW i3">i3</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_i3" title="BMW i3">I01</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(G20)#BMW_i3_(G28_BEV)" title="BMW 3 Series (G20)">(G28)</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/BMW_i4" title="BMW i4">i4</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_i4" title="BMW i4">G26</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(G60)#BMW_i5" title="BMW 5 Series (G60)">i5</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(G60)#BMW_i5" title="BMW 5 Series (G60)">G60</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(G70)#BMW_i7" title="BMW 7 Series (G70)">i7</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(G70)#BMW_i7" title="BMW 7 Series (G70)">G70</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/BMW_i8" title="BMW i8">i8</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_i8" title="BMW i8">I12</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BMW_aircraft_engines179" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BMW_aeroengines" title="Template:BMW aeroengines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turboshaft" title="Turboshaft">Turboshafts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_6012" title="BMW 6012">6012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAN_Turbo_6022" title="MAN Turbo 6022">6022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">Rockets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_109-718" title="BMW 109-718">BMW 109-718</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aeroderivative_gas_turbine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeroderivative gas turbine">Aeroderivatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_GT_101" title="BMW GT 101">BMW GT 101</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_EURO_STOXX_50_companies_of_the_Euro_Area201" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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title="Munich Re">Munich Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordea" title="Nordea">Nordea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pernod_Ricard" title="Pernod Ricard">Pernod Ricard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosus" title="Prosus">Prosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safran" title="Safran">Safran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gobain" title="Saint-Gobain">Saint-Gobain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi" title="Sanofi">Sanofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Santander" title="Banco Santander">Santander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAP" title="SAP">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schneider_Electric" title="Schneider Electric">Schneider Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TotalEnergies" title="TotalEnergies">TotalEnergies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinci_SA" title="Vinci SA">Vinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UniCredit" title="UniCredit">UniCredit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_DAX_companies_of_Germany118" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a> companies of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allianz" title="Allianz">Allianz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiersdorf" title="Beiersdorf">Beiersdorf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenntag" title="Brenntag">Brenntag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerzbank" title="Commerzbank">Commerzbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_AG" title="Continental AG">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covestro" title="Covestro">Covestro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Truck" title="Daimler Truck">Daimler Truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse" title="Deutsche Börse">Deutsche Börse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHL_Group" title="DHL Group">DHL Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.ON" title="E.ON">E.ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresenius_(company)" title="Fresenius (company)">Fresenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannover_Re" title="Hannover Re">Hannover Rück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_Materials" title="Heidelberg Materials">Heidelberg Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henkel" title="Henkel">Henkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infineon_Technologies" title="Infineon Technologies">Infineon Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merck_Group" title="Merck Group">Merck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTU_Aero_Engines" title="MTU Aero Engines">MTU Aero Engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Re" title="Munich Re">Munich Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_SE" title="Porsche SE">Porsche SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiagen" title="Qiagen">Qiagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RWE" title="RWE">RWE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall" title="Rheinmetall">Rheinmetall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAP" title="SAP">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartorius_AG" title="Sartorius AG">Sartorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_Energy" title="Siemens Energy">Siemens Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_Healthineers" title="Siemens Healthineers">Siemens Healthineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symrise" title="Symrise">Symrise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vonovia" title="Vonovia">Vonovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalando" title="Zalando">Zalando</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Automotive_industry_in_Germany180" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Template:Automotive industry in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Automotive industry in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Automotive_industry_in_Germany180" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Automotive industry in Germany">Automotive industry in Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Germany" title="Economy of Germany">Economy of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Germany" title="Transport in Germany">Transport in Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_companies_of_Germany" title="Category:Automotive companies of Germany">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Germany" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Germany">Active <br />vehicle <br />producers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Automobil" title="Apollo Automobil">Apollo Automobil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiways#Gumpert_Aiways_Automobile" title="Aiways">Gumpert Aiways Automobile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artega_Automobile" title="Artega Automobile">Artega Automobile</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BMW</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_i" title="BMW i">BMW i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Motorrad" title="BMW Motorrad">BMW Motorrad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Truck" title="Daimler Truck">Daimler Truck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Buses" title="Daimler Buses">Daimler Buses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setra" title="Setra">Setra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaris" title="Elaris">Elaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krauss-Maffei_Wegmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Krauss-Maffei Wegmann">Krauss-Maffei Wegmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isdera" title="Isdera">Isdera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotec" title="Lotec">Lotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_(marque)" title="Smart (marque)">Smart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maybach" title="Maybach">Maybach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall" title="Rheinmetall">Rheinmetall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall_MAN_Military_Vehicles" title="Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles">RMMV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruf_Automobile" title="Ruf Automobile">Ruf Automobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horch" title="Horch">Horch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAN_Truck_%26_Bus" title="MAN Truck & Bus">MAN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoplan" title="Neoplan">Neoplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall_MAN_Military_Vehicles" title="Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles">RMMV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles">Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiesmann">Wiesmann</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Foreign_owned13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign owned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Automobil" title="Apollo Automobil">Apollo Automobil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiways#Gumpert_Aiways_Automobile" title="Aiways">Gumpert Aiways Automobile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Europe" title="Ford of Europe">Ford of Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Germany" title="Ford Germany">Ford-Werke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magirus" title="Magirus">Magirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Europe" title="Hyundai Motor Europe">Hyundai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Germany#Former_manufacturers" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Germany">Defunct <br />vehicle <br />producers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adler_(cars_and_motorcycle)" title="Adler (cars and motorcycle)">Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach" title="Automobilwerk Eisenach">Automobilwerk Eisenach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Union" title="Auto Union">Auto Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijah_Automotive" title="Baijah Automotive">Baijah Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_(automobiles)" title="Beaufort (automobiles)">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgward" title="Borgward">Borgward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgward_Group" title="Borgward Group">Borgward Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennabor" title="Brennabor">Brennabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BCtsch" title="Brütsch">Brütsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCssing" title="Büssing">Büssing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKW" title="DKW">DKW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edelsbrunner_Automobile_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Edelsbrunner Automobile München">Edelsbrunner Automobile München</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehrhardt-Szawe" title="Ehrhardt-Szawe">Ehrhardt-Szawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenacher_Motorenwerk" title="Eisenacher Motorenwerk">Eisenacher Motorenwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuldamobil" title="Fuldamobil">Fuldamobil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glas_(company)" title="Glas (company)">Glas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goggomobil" title="Goggomobil">Goggomobil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath_(company)" title="Goliath (company)">Goliath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutbrod" title="Gutbrod">Gutbrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartge" title="Hartge">Hartge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanomag#Cars" title="Hanomag">Hanomag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansa_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hansa (car)">Hansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horch" title="Horch">Horch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kersting-Modellbauwerkst%C3%A4tten" title="Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten">Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleinschnittger" title="Kleinschnittger">Kleinschnittger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BChlstein" title="Kühlstein">Kühlstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loremo" title="Loremo">Loremo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markranst%C3%A4dter_Automobilfabrik" title="Markranstädter Automobilfabrik">Markranstädter Automobilfabrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkus" title="Melkus">Melkus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurer-Union" title="Maurer-Union">Maurer-Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Automobil_Gesellschaft" title="Neue Automobil Gesellschaft">Neue Automobil Gesellschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_German_Automobile_and_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="North German Automobile and Engine">North German Automobile and Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke" title="NSU Motorenwerke">NSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protos_of_Nonnendamm" title="Protos of Nonnendamm">Protos of Nonnendamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selve" title="Selve">Selve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simson_(company)" title="Simson (company)">Simson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steiger_(automobile_company)" title="Steiger (automobile company)">Steiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoewer" title="Stoewer">Stoewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(automobile)" title="Tempo (automobile)">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_(automobile)" title="Veritas (automobile)">Veritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderer_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanderer (car)">Wanderer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCndapp" title="Zündapp">Zündapp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATR_(company)" title="ATR (company)">ATR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosch_(company)" title="Bosch (company)">Bosch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ETAS_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="ETAS Group">ETAS Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_AG" title="Continental AG">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A4xlmaier_Group" title="Dräxlmaier Group">Dräxlmaier Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrr_Group" title="Dürr Group">Dürr Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eibach_(company)" title="Eibach (company)">Eibach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getrag" title="Getrag">Getrag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%26R_(company)" title="H&R (company)">H&R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hella_(company)" title="Hella (company)">Hella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Peters" title="Hermann Peters">Hermann Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HQM_Sachsenring_GmbH" title="HQM Sachsenring GmbH">HQM Sachsenring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KW_Automotive" title="KW Automotive">KW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6we_Automobil" title="Löwe Automobil">Löwe Automobil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahle_GmbH" title="Mahle GmbH">Mahle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahle_Behr" title="Mahle Behr">Mahle Behr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mann%2BHummel" title="Mann+Hummel">Mann+Hummel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petri_AG" title="Petri AG">Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renk" title="Renk">Renk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall_Automotive" title="Rheinmetall Automotive">Rheinmetall Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaeffler_Group" title="Schaeffler Group">Schaeffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voith" title="Voith">Voith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZF_Friedrichshafen" title="ZF Friedrichshafen">ZF Friedrichshafen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZF_Sachs" title="ZF Sachs">ZF Sachs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorsport <br />and<br />tuners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9ff" title="9ff">9ff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abt_Sportsline" title="Abt Sportsline">Abt Sportsline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AC_Schnitzer" title="AC Schnitzer">AC Schnitzer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schnitzer_Motorsport" title="Schnitzer Motorsport">Schnitzer Motorsport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpina" title="Alpina">Alpina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audi_Performance_and_Racing" title="Audi Performance and Racing">APR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audi_Sport_GmbH" title="Audi Sport GmbH">Audi Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-AMG" title="Mercedes-AMG">AMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBS_Autotechnik" title="BBS Autotechnik">BBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitter_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitter Cars">Bitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabus" title="Brabus">Brabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_M" title="BMW M">BMW M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsson_(car_company)" title="Carlsson (car company)">Carlsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinan_Cars" title="Dinan Cars">Dinan Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Power" title="G-Power">G-Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemballa" title="Gemballa">Gemballa</a></li> <li>Kleemann</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorinser" title="Lorinser">Lorinser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotec" title="Lotec">Lotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamann_Motorsport" title="Hamann Motorsport">Hamann Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartge" title="Hartge">Hartge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hofele-Design" title="Hofele-Design">Hofele-Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HWA_Team" title="HWA Team">HWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmscher" title="Irmscher">Irmscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joest_Racing" title="Joest Racing">Joest Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karosserie_Baur" title="Karosserie Baur">Karosserie Baur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koenig_Specials" title="Koenig Specials">Koenig Specials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansory" title="Mansory">Mansory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkus" title="Melkus">Melkus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK-Motorsport" title="MK-Motorsport">MK-Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motoren_Technik_Mayer" title="Motoren Technik Mayer">Motoren Technik Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitec_Group" title="Novitec Group">Novitec Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opel_Performance_Center" title="Opel Performance Center">Opel Performance Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renntech" title="Renntech">Renntech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rieger_Tuning" title="Rieger Tuning">Rieger Tuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowe_Racing" title="Rowe Racing">Rowe Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruf_Automobile" title="Ruf Automobile">Ruf Automobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schubert_Motorsport" title="Schubert Motorsport">Schubert Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singer_Vehicle_Design" title="Singer Vehicle Design">Singer Vehicle Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabus" title="Brabus">Startech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brabus" title="Brabus">CRD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinmetz_Opel_Tuning" title="Steinmetz Opel Tuning">Steinmetz Opel Tuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styling_Garage" title="Styling Garage">Styling Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Rosberg" title="Team Rosberg">Team Rosberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TechArt" title="TechArt">TechArt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakspeed" title="Zakspeed">Zakspeed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Mobility" title="Mercedes-Benz Mobility">Mercedes-Benz Mobility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Bank" title="Mercedes-Benz Bank">Mercedes-Benz Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixt" title="Sixt">Sixt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verband_der_Automobilindustrie" title="Verband der Automobilindustrie">German Association of the Automotive Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Mobil_International" title="Auto Mobil International">AMI Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Motor_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Motor Show">Frankfurt Motor Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automechanika" title="Automechanika">Automechanika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internationale_Zuliefererb%C3%B6rse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internationale Zuliefererbörse (page does not exist)">IZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_NCAP" title="Euro NCAP">Euro NCAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAC" title="ADAC">ADAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Standardisation_of_Automation_and_Measuring_Systems" title="Association for Standardisation of Automation and Measuring Systems">ASAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%9CV" title="TÜV">TÜV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Tourenwagen_Masters" title="Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters">DTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrburgring" title="Nürburgring">Nürburgring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26678#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1706" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26678#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1706" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26678#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2005475-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81052383">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12001551z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12001551z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bayerische Motoren Werke"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=osa2011641868&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="BMW Group"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20100810003&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007451667505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02811681X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/27be0ff9-0320-4748-8d2d-fb9ba7e41700">MusicBrainz label</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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