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href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τρόπαιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τρόπαιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropai%C3%B3n" title="Tropaión – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tropaión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropaion" title="Tropaion – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tropaion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropaion" title="Tropaion – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tropaion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="טרופאיון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טרופאיון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropajon" title="Tropajon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tropajon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Greco-Roman monument celebrating victory</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tropaion" title="Special:EditPage/Tropaion">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Tropaion%22">"Tropaion"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Tropaion%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Tropaion%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Tropaion%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Tropaion%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Tropaion%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Booty_from_the_Dacian_wars.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Booty_from_the_Dacian_wars.JPG/200px-Booty_from_the_Dacian_wars.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Booty_from_the_Dacian_wars.JPG/300px-Booty_from_the_Dacian_wars.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Booty_from_the_Dacian_wars.JPG/400px-Booty_from_the_Dacian_wars.JPG 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>A Roman <i>tropaeum</i> from the <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Dacian_Wars" title="Trajan's Dacian Wars">Dacian Wars</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Column" title="Trajan's Column">Trajan's Column</a> 113 AD), note the tree trunk with arm-like branches and the heaped armor and weapons at its base</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gemma_Augustea_KHM_2010_(cropped)_lower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gemma_Augustea_KHM_2010_%28cropped%29_lower.jpg/350px-Gemma_Augustea_KHM_2010_%28cropped%29_lower.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gemma_Augustea_KHM_2010_%28cropped%29_lower.jpg/525px-Gemma_Augustea_KHM_2010_%28cropped%29_lower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gemma_Augustea_KHM_2010_%28cropped%29_lower.jpg/700px-Gemma_Augustea_KHM_2010_%28cropped%29_lower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2394" data-file-height="973" /></a><figcaption>A Roman <i>tropaeum</i> in process of erection in the presence of male and female captives, detail from the <i><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Augustea" title="Gemma Augustea">Gemma Augustea</a></i>, circa 20-30 AD</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MarcusAureliusDupondiusReverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/MarcusAureliusDupondiusReverse.png/200px-MarcusAureliusDupondiusReverse.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/MarcusAureliusDupondiusReverse.png/300px-MarcusAureliusDupondiusReverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/MarcusAureliusDupondiusReverse.png 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="342" /></a><figcaption>A fully erected Roman <i>tropaeum</i> with shackled and addorsed seated man and woman <a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatian</a> captives (the woman on the right with head resting on hand, perhaps representing the defeated "Sarmatia") tied to base, <a href="/wiki/Dupondius" title="Dupondius">Dupondius</a> from reign of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a>, AD 161-180</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>tropaion</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">τρόπαιον</span>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">tropaeum</i>), from which the English word "<a href="/wiki/Trophy" title="Trophy">trophy</a>" is derived, was a monument erected to commemorate a victory over one's foes by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">ancient Greeks</a> and later, by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Armour" title="Armour">armour</a> of the defeated foe would be hung upon the monument. Originally, the location of the monument was the battlefield where the commemorated victory took place. Initially, the typical monument was constructed out of a living tree with lateral branches, or it was constructed in the shape of one. After construction, the <i>tropaion</i> was dedicated to a <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">deity</a> in thanksgiving for the victory. Some images of tropaion show many weapons and shields heaped below the armor hoisted upon the monument. In later times, pairs of lances, banners, or stakes set crosswise might be used instead of the tree format. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Greece">Greece</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Greek <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">city-states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_period_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic period in Greece">Archaic</a> period, a <i>tropaion</i> would be set up on the battlefield itself, usually at the site of the "turning point" (Gk. <i>tropê</i>) at which the routed enemy's <a href="/wiki/Phalanx_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Phalanx formation">phalanx</a> broke, turned, and ran. The monument would be dressed in the typical <a href="/wiki/Hoplite" title="Hoplite">hoplite</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/panoply" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:panoply">panoply</a> of the period, including (at different times), a <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_helmet" title="Corinthian helmet">helmet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuirass" title="Cuirass">cuirass</a> (either of <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> or <a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">linen</a>), and a number of <a href="/wiki/Aspis" title="Aspis">shields</a>, etc., would be piled about the base. It remained on the battlefield until the campaigns of the following seasons (since battles often were fought in the same, relatively few plains amid Greece's numerous mountains), whereupon it might be replaced with a new trophy. </p><p>During later eras in the Greek world, intention to build a <i>tropaia</i> might be declared at the battlefield, but in fact, erected at pan-Hellenic sanctuaries such as <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>, further increasing the prestige of the victorious state. </p><p>The significance of the monument was a ritualistic notification of "victory" to the defeated enemies. Since warfare in the Greek world was largely a ritualistic affair in the archaic hoplite-age (see <a href="/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson" title="Victor Davis Hanson">Hanson</a>, <i>The Western Way of War</i> for further elaboration of this idea), the monument was used to reinforce the <a href="/wiki/Symbolic_capital" title="Symbolic capital">symbolic capital</a> of the victory in the Greek community. </p><p>Another interpretation of the tropaion is that it was a monument dedicated to the slaughter of the enemy. Key passages describe that the tropaion was the last stage of battle, following the critical rout and chase of the enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A critical passage of Thucydides suggests that the tropaion was set up to celebrate the enemy killed in battle.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ancient sources attest to the great deal of significance that early Greek cities placed upon symbols and ritual as linked to warfare – for example, the story in <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> 1, involving the bones of <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> that greatly exceeds the ritualistic properties to even magically 'guaranteeing' the <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartan</a> victory, displays the same sort of interest in objects and symbols of power as they relate to military success or failure.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rome">Rome</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Ancient Rome, on the other hand, their <i><b>tropaeum</b></i> probably would <i>not</i> be set up on the battlefield, but rather, it would be displayed prominently in the city of Rome. During the later years of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a>, Romans were less concerned about impressing foreign powers or military rivals than they were in using military success to further their own <a href="/wiki/Cursus_honorum" title="Cursus honorum">political careers</a>. A <i>tropaeum</i> displayed on the battlefield likely could not win votes, but one displayed in the city as part of a <a href="/wiki/Roman_triumph" title="Roman triumph">triumph</a> could impress the citizens during later elections. Neither did a battlefield display gain desired prestige among competitive nobles. </p><p>The symbolic effectiveness of the <i>tropaeum</i> became so well recognized that, in later eras, Romans chose to display sculpted reliefs of them for an enduring record of their victories rather than the fleeting presence of one constructed in the traditional fashion (see image and <a href="/wiki/Tropaeum_Traiani" title="Tropaeum Traiani">Tropaeum Traiani</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trofeo_delle_Alpi_22.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tropaeum scene on the Tropaeum Alpium with male on the left and female on the right"><img alt="Tropaeum scene on the Tropaeum Alpium with male on the left and female on the right" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Trofeo_delle_Alpi_22.JPG/90px-Trofeo_delle_Alpi_22.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Trofeo_delle_Alpi_22.JPG/135px-Trofeo_delle_Alpi_22.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Trofeo_delle_Alpi_22.JPG/180px-Trofeo_delle_Alpi_22.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tropaeum scene on the Tropaeum Alpium with male on the left and female on the right</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brutus_by_casca.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A tropaeum upon a tree on this 42 BC Roman coin dedicated to Brutus combines naval imagery"><img alt="A tropaeum upon a tree on this 42 BC Roman coin dedicated to Brutus combines naval imagery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Brutus_by_casca.jpg/120px-Brutus_by_casca.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Brutus_by_casca.jpg/180px-Brutus_by_casca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Brutus_by_casca.jpg/240px-Brutus_by_casca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A tropaeum upon a tree on this 42 BC Roman coin dedicated to Brutus combines naval imagery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caesar_venustrophy3b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tropaeum on Roman coin 46-45 BC with male on the left and female on the right"><img alt="Tropaeum on Roman coin 46-45 BC with male on the left and female on the right" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Caesar_venustrophy3b.jpg/120px-Caesar_venustrophy3b.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Caesar_venustrophy3b.jpg/180px-Caesar_venustrophy3b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Caesar_venustrophy3b.jpg/240px-Caesar_venustrophy3b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="306" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tropaeum on Roman coin 46-45 BC with male on the left and female on the right</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Trophy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Roman tropaeum displayed on crossed stakes inside the Musei Capitolini courtyard"><img alt="A Roman tropaeum displayed on crossed stakes inside the Musei Capitolini courtyard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Roman_Trophy.jpg/120px-Roman_Trophy.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Roman_Trophy.jpg/180px-Roman_Trophy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Roman_Trophy.jpg/240px-Roman_Trophy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4174" data-file-height="2693" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Roman tropaeum displayed on crossed stakes inside the <a href="/wiki/Musei_Capitolini" class="mw-redirect" title="Musei Capitolini">Musei Capitolini</a> courtyard</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Trophy" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Trophy">Trophy</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_(architectural)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trophy (architectural)">Trophy (architectural)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropaeum_Traiani" title="Tropaeum Traiani">Tropaeum Traiani</a> (built for Emperor Trajan 109 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropaeum_Alpium" title="Tropaeum Alpium">Tropaeum Alpium</a> (built for Emperor Caesar Augustus c. 6 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spolia_opima" title="Spolia opima">Spolia opima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Augustea" title="Gemma Augustea">Gemma Augustea</a> raising a tropaeum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_memorial" title="War memorial">War memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_trophy" title="War trophy">War trophy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thuc. 5.10.12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thuc. 6.70.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thuc. 7.54.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herodotus, 1.67</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hanson, Victor Davis. <i>The Western Way of War: Infantry Battle in Classical Greece.</i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-21911-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-21911-2">0-520-21911-2</a>.</li> <li>Hofstätter, Ulrich (2023). "Tropaea. Griechische Siegesmonumente im republikanischen Rom. Die archäologischen, literarischen und numismatischen Zeugnisse" [Tropaea. Greek victory monuments in Republican Rome. The archaeological, literary and numismatic evidence]. <i>Jahrbuch für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte</i> <b>73</b>, pp. 47-71.</li> <li>Janssen, Andreas Jozef (1957). <i>Het antieke tropaion</i> [The ancient tropaion]. Lederberg/Gent: Erasmus.</li> <li>Kinnee, Lauren (2018). <i>The Greek and Roman Trophy: From Battlefield Marker to Icon of Power.</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415788380" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415788380">978-0415788380</a>.</li> <li>Rabe, Britta (2008). <i>Tropaia: tropē und skyla. Entstehung, Funktion und Bedeutung des griechischen Tropaions</i> [Tropaia: tropē and skyla. Origin, function and meaning of the Greek tropaion]. Rahden: Marie Leidorf, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89646-985-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89646-985-4">978-3-89646-985-4</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ancient_Roman_trophies">Ancient Roman trophies</a> on <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikimedia">Wikimedia</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&oldid=1256006709">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&oldid=1256006709</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_warfare" title="Category:Ancient warfare">Ancient warfare</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Victory_monuments" title="Category:Victory monuments">Victory monuments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:War_trophies" title="Category:War trophies">War trophies</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_April_2016" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from April 2016">Articles needing additional references from April 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 November 2024, at 19:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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