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.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Army_and_Navy_YMCA_edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Army_and_Navy_YMCA_edit1.jpg/330px-Army_and_Navy_YMCA_edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Army_and_Navy_YMCA_edit1.jpg/495px-Army_and_Navy_YMCA_edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Army_and_Navy_YMCA_edit1.jpg/660px-Army_and_Navy_YMCA_edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2159" data-file-height="1439" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Army_and_Navy_YMCA" title="Army and Navy YMCA">Army and Navy YMCA</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>, where the investigation primarily occurred.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Newport sex scandal</b> arose from a 1919 investigation by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> into <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexual</a> acts by Navy personnel and civilians in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>. The investigation was noted for its controversial methods of intelligence gathering, specifically its use of <a href="/wiki/Enlisted_rank" title="Enlisted rank">enlisted personnel</a> to investigate alleged homosexuals by engaging them sexually. A subsequent trial attracted national news coverage and provoked a congressional investigation, which concluded with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Josephus_Daniels" title="Josephus Daniels">Josephus Daniels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy">Assistant Secretary of the Navy</a> (and future United States president) <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> being formally rebuked by a Congressional committee. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newport_sex_scandal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background_and_investigation">Background and investigation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newport_sex_scandal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background and investigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 1919, sailor Thomas Brunelle and chief machinist's mate Ervin Arnold were patients at the naval hospital at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Station_Newport" title="Naval Station Newport">Naval Station Newport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>. Brunelle disclosed to Arnold that both naval and civilian <a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">men who have sex with men</a> regularly met at the <a href="/wiki/Army_and_Navy_YMCA" title="Army and Navy YMCA">Army and Navy YMCA</a> and the Newport Art Club for companionship and sex. Arnold independently investigated Brunelle's claims, discovering parties involving <a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">cross-dressing</a>, same-sex sexual activity, and liquor and <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a> use at the locations. </p><p>Arnold presented his Navy superiors with a detailed report of his findings. Admiral <a href="/wiki/Spencer_S._Wood" title="Spencer S. Wood">Spencer S. Wood</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_naval_districts#2nd_Naval_District" title="United States naval districts">2nd Naval District</a>, ordered an investigation and created a court of inquiry to review Arnold’s claims. On March 19, 1919, the court concluded that a thorough investigation was warranted. Then-Assistant Secretary of the Navy <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> approved the court's recommendation, and asked Attorney General <a href="/wiki/A._Mitchell_Palmer" title="A. Mitchell Palmer">A. Mitchell Palmer</a> to undertake the investigation. </p><p>Palmer assigned Arnold, a former Connecticut state detective, to lead the investigation. With an infiltration approach in mind, he chose his investigators on the basis of their youth and looks. Over a period of several weeks, 13 such agents submitted daily reports to Arnold that included candid descriptions of homosexual acts and their participation in them. They rarely reported any hesitancy or qualms about their direct participation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrests_and_trial">Arrests and trial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newport_sex_scandal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Arrests and trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Newport_sex_scandal" title="Special:EditPage/Newport sex scandal">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Arrests began on April 4, and by April 22, fifteen sailors had been arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each was brought before a <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">court-martial</a> and heard men whom they recognized as former sexual partners provide graphic testimony of their encounters. Older naval officers were confounded by the terms used by the investigators. Once the operatives had presented their evidence before the court, the accused were encouraged to incriminate others and many did so, in hopes of leniency. Brunelle incriminated some but withheld the names of his closest friends. </p><p>The three-week military trial ended with the <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">court-martial</a> of 17 sailors charged with <a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">sodomy</a> and "scandalous conduct." Most were sent to the naval prison at the <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Naval_Shipyard" title="Portsmouth Naval Shipyard">Portsmouth Naval Shipyard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>. Two more were <a href="/wiki/Military_discharge" title="Military discharge">dishonorably discharged</a> and two others were found innocent with no further action. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Press_coverage_and_political_fallout">Press coverage and political fallout</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newport_sex_scandal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Press coverage and political fallout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Providence_Journal" title="The Providence Journal">The Providence Journal</a></i>, under editor <a href="/wiki/John_R._Rathom" title="John R. Rathom">John R. Rathom</a>, covered the trial proceedings daily, often with a critical eye toward the prosecution's case. On January 8, 1920, Rev. Samuel Neal Kent, an <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal</a> clergyman, was found <a href="/wiki/Acquittal" title="Acquittal">not guilty</a> on all charges. In his charge to the jury in that case, the judge was at pains to discredit the witnesses who described their participation in illicit sexual acts. He reasoned that since no military or governmental authority could legitimately order them to participate in such acts against their will, either they were willing participants, whose complaints were groundless, or they were acting under the compulsion of unlawful commands, on the part of their superiors. His analysis fueled opposition in Newport's religious community. </p><p>Within days, a committee of Newport clergymen drafted a lengthy letter to President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> denouncing the Navy's activities in Newport, specifically the "deleterious and vicious methods" used, including keeping those charged confined for months without trial. Among the signatories were Rev. William Safford Jones of Channing Church, Rev. J. Howard Deming, Rev. Everett P. Smith of St. Mary's Church, <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_Rhode_Island" title="Portsmouth, Rhode Island">Portsmouth</a>, and Rev. Richard Arnold Greene of Newport. </p><p><i>The Providence Journal</i> published the letter, which put the Navy on the defensive and named Secretary of the Navy <a href="/wiki/Josephus_Daniels" title="Josephus Daniels">Josephus Daniels</a> and Roosevelt. Assistant Secretary Roosevelt angrily charged that press coverage like Rathom's would damage the Navy's reputation to the point that parents would not allow their sons to enlist. Also at issue, however, were the methods employed in the investigation. Rathom and Roosevelt had a "tart exchange of telegrams" disputing whether anyone in the naval hierarchy in Washington had supervised the investigation closely or authorized the actual participation of investigators in illicit acts.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While investigations dragged, Roosevelt resigned from his position as Assistant Secretary of the Navy in July 1920 when he accepted the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>'s nomination for vice president. He and presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">James M. Cox</a> were on the losing end of <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a>'s <a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">landslide victory that year</a>. </p><p>On July 19, 1921, a subcommittee of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Committee on Naval Affairs</a> denounced both Daniels and Roosevelt for the methods used in the Newport investigations. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> reported that most of the details of the affair were "of an unprintable nature" but explained that the committee believed that Daniels and Roosevelt knew that "enlisted men of the navy were used as participants in immoral practices for the purpose of obtaining evidence." </p><p>The committee report declared that using enlisted men in this way "violated the code of the American citizen and ignored the rights of every American boy who enlisted in the navy to fight for his country." The committee report also made public the earlier determination of a naval <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">court-martial</a>. To the court-martial's assessment that Roosevelt's behavior was "unfortunate and ill-advised," the committee added "reprehensible." Daniels's rejection of the court's judgment, the committee declared, "is to be severely condemned."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Given how difficult all concerned found to discuss the details of the crimes at issue, their language characterizes the questionable activities repeatedly without ever specifying the actions themselves. They refer to a "lack of moral perspective" and invoked the youth of the navy personnel: "Conduct of a character at which seasoned veterans of the service would have shuddered was practically forced upon boys." Their most explicit description said that the navy personnel allowed "to be performed upon them immoral acts." Also, the committee wrote that for Daniels and Roosevelt to allow personnel to be placed in a position in which the acts were even liable to occur, was "a deplorable, disgraceful, and most <i>unnatural</i> proceeding." Finally, the committee acknowledged that naval officials were facing a serious problem in Newport, and it denounced "immoral conditions" that were "a menace to both the health and the morale of the men in the naval training station." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newport_sex_scandal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roosevelt rejected the report, noting that the subcommittee's two Republican members had condemned him while the one Democrat issued a minority report. He contested many details and interpretations in the committee's report, and then went on the attack: "This business of using the navy as a football of politics has got to stop." He had nothing to say about the court-martial's assessment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newport_sex_scandal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In his 2014 book, <i>Certainty</i>, author Victor Bevine gives a fictional account of the scandal from the courtroom perspective of a young lawyer, William Bartlett, who defends a local clergyman, Samuel Kent, accused of sexual impropriety with the Newport sailors.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_film">In film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newport_sex_scandal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><b>Roosevelt's Operative</b></i> A Navy recruiter (Nathaniel Grant) recalls the enlistment of sailors during the Navy Sex Scandal in Newport, RI, during 1919. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newport_sex_scandal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLoughery1998" class="citation web cs1">Loughery, John (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/l/loughery-silence.html">"The Other Side of Silence"</a>. <i>archive.nytimes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.nytimes.com&rft.atitle=The+Other+Side+of+Silence&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Loughery&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2Ffirst%2Fl%2Floughery-silence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewport+sex+scandal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1920/01/23/archives/roosevelt-denies-rathom-charges-assistant-secretary-calls-the-story.html">"Roosevelt Denies Rathom's Charges"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, January 23, 1920<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Roosevelt+Denies+Rathom%27s+Charges&rft.date=1920-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1920%2F01%2F23%2Farchives%2Froosevelt-denies-rathom-charges-assistant-secretary-calls-the-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewport+sex+scandal" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1920/01/27/archives/rathom-attacks-roosevelt-replies-sharp-messages-pass-between-editor.html">"Rathom Attacks, Roosevelt Replies"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, January 27, 1920<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rathom+Attacks%2C+Roosevelt+Replies&rft.date=1920-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1920%2F01%2F27%2Farchives%2Frathom-attacks-roosevelt-replies-sharp-messages-pass-between-editor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewport+sex+scandal" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1921/07/20/archives/lay-navy-scandal-to-fd-roosevelt-senate-naval-subcommittee-accuses.html">"Lay Navy Scandal to FD Roosevelt"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, July 20, 1921</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lay+Navy+Scandal+to+FD+Roosevelt&rft.date=1921-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1921%2F07%2F20%2Farchives%2Flay-navy-scandal-to-fd-roosevelt-senate-naval-subcommittee-accuses.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewport+sex+scandal" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.projo.com/extra/2008/gay_history/popups/journal_frontpage.html">"Gay history"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Providence_Journal" title="The Providence Journal">The Providence Journal</a></i>, Projo, Front page, July 20, 1921</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Providence+Journal&rft.atitle=Gay+history&rft.pages=Front+page&rft.date=1921-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.projo.com%2Fextra%2F2008%2Fgay_history%2Fpopups%2Fjournal_frontpage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewport+sex+scandal" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBevine,_Victor2014" class="citation book cs1">Bevine, Victor (2014). <i>Certainty</i>. Lake Union Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1477825457" title="Special:BookSources/978-1477825457"><bdi>978-1477825457</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Certainty&rft.pub=Lake+Union+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1477825457&rft.au=Bevine%2C+Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewport+sex+scandal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4156556">http://www.imdb.com/title/tt4156556</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newport_sex_scandal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Garrett D. Byrnes and Charles H. Spilman, <i>The Providence Journal 150 Years</i> (Providence, RI: The Providence Journal Company, 1980)</li> <li>George Chauncey, "Christian Brotherhood or Sexual Perversion? Homosexual Identities and the Construction of Sexual Boundaries in the World War One Era." <i>Journal of Social History</i> Vol. 19, No. 2 (Winter, 1985), pp. 189-211</li> <li>Carroll Kilpatrick, ed., <i>Roosevelt and Daniels: A Friendship in Politics</i> (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1952) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/466453">466453</a></li> <li>Lawrence R. Murphy, <i>Perverts by Official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy</i> (Haworth Press, 1988) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0866567089" title="Special:BookSources/0866567089">0866567089</a></li> <li>David O'Toole, <i>Sex, Spies, and Videotape: Outing the Senator</i> (Worcester, MA: James Street Publishing, 2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/097719700X" title="Special:BookSources/097719700X">097719700X</a></li> <li><i>The Providence Journal</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080122100424/http://www.projo.com/news/content/gay_history_newport_sidebar_01-20-08_HH7RMQV_v42.1676c8f.html">Mark Arsenault, "1919 Newport sting targeted gay sailors, ended in scandal"</a> April 13, 2009, accessed Dec 6, 2009</li> <li><i>Time</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081222154029/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,727675,00.html">John R. Rathom, Dec. 24, 1923</a>. accessed Dec 6, 2009</li> <li>William Wright, <i>Harvard's Secret Court: The Savage 1920 Purge of Campus Homosexuals</i> (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0312322712" title="Special:BookSources/0312322712">0312322712</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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U.S. gay rights movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Early_U.S._gay_rights_movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Early U.S. gay rights movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Early_LGBT_rights_advocacy_in_the_United_States_(pre-Stonewall_riots)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_actions_in_the_United_States_prior_to_the_Stonewall_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT actions in the United States prior to the Stonewall riots">Early LGBT rights advocacy in the United States</a> (pre-<a href="/wiki/Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall riots</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Queer_Alliance" title="Columbia Queer Alliance">Columbia Queer Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Religion_and_the_Homosexual" title="Council on Religion and the Homosexual">Council on Religion and the Homosexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Bilitis" title="Daughters of Bilitis">Daughters of Bilitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Regional_Conference_of_Homophile_Organizations" title="Eastern Regional Conference of Homophile Organizations">ECHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophile_Action_League" title="Homophile Action League">Homophile Action League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janus_Society" title="Janus Society">Janus Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Clock" title="Knights of the Clock">Knights of the Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattachine_Society" title="Mattachine Society">Mattachine Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Community_Church" title="Metropolitan Community Church">Metropolitan Community Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Conference_of_Homophile_Organizations" title="North American Conference of Homophile Organizations">NACHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ONE,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="ONE, Inc.">ONE, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Rights_in_Defense_and_Education" title="Personal Rights in Defense and Education">PRIDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Human_Rights" title="Society for Human Rights">Society for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Queer_Alliance" title="Columbia Queer Alliance">Student Homophile League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Benevolent_Association" title="Veterans Benevolent Association">Veterans Benevolent Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mattachine_Society" title="Mattachine Society">Mattachine Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Call" title="Hal Call">Hal Call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudi_Gernreich" title="Rudi Gernreich">Rudi Gernreich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gruber" title="James Gruber">James Gruber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hay" title="Harry Hay">Harry Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Jennings_(activist)" title="Dale Jennings (activist)">Dale Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Kameny" title="Frank Kameny">Frank Kameny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nichols_(activist)" title="Jack Nichols (activist)">Jack Nichols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Bilitis" title="Daughters of Bilitis">Daughters of Bilitis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Ben" title="Lisa Ben">Lisa Ben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gittings" title="Barbara Gittings">Barbara Gittings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Grier" title="Barbara Grier">Barbara Grier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Lahusen" title="Kay Lahusen">Kay Lahusen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Martin_and_Phyllis_Lyon" title="Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon">Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Simpson_(activist)" title="Ruth Simpson (activist)">Ruth Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Bello" title="Ada Bello">Ada Bello</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merton_Bird" class="mw-redirect" title="Merton Bird">Merton Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Erickson" title="Reed Erickson">Reed Erickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Evans_(author)" title="Arthur Evans (author)">Arthur Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henri_Ford" title="Charles Henri Ford">Charles Henri Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gerber" title="Henry Gerber">Henry Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Kight" title="Morris Kight">Morris Kight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Laurent" title="Aristide Laurent">Aristide Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Dorr_Legg" title="W. Dorr Legg">W. Dorr Legg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Mizer" title="Bob Mizer">Bob Mizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_Perry" title="Troy Perry">Troy Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Polak" title="Clark Polak">Clark Polak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Rodwell" title="Craig Rodwell">Craig Rodwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Sarria" title="José Sarria">José Sarria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Schlegel" title="Richard L. Schlegel">Richard L. Schlegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Shafer" title="Drew Shafer">Drew Shafer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Tyler" title="Parker Tyler">Parker Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Wicker" title="Randy Wicker">Randy Wicker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Lynn_Womack" title="H. Lynn Womack">H. Lynn Womack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(magazine)" title="The Advocate (magazine)">The Advocate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drum_(American_magazine)" title="Drum (American magazine)">Drum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Focus:_A_Journal_for_Lesbians" title="Focus: A Journal for Lesbians">Focus: A Journal for Lesbians</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ladder_(magazine)" title="The Ladder (magazine)">The Ladder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Phoenix:_Midwest_Homophile_Voice" title="The Phoenix: Midwest Homophile Voice">The Phoenix: Midwest Homophile Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vice_Versa_(magazine)" title="Vice Versa (magazine)">Vice Versa</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Newport sex scandal</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Court_of_1920" title="Secret Court of 1920">Harvard Secret Court</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullman_porter_affair" title="Pullman porter affair">Pullman porter affair</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazel%27s_Inn_raid" title="Hazel's Inn raid">Hazel's Inn raid</a> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One,_Inc._v._Olesen" title="One, Inc. v. Olesen">One, Inc. v. Olesen</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Do-nuts_Riot" title="Cooper Do-nuts Riot">Cooper Do-nuts Riot</a> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MANual_Enterprises_v._Day" class="mw-redirect" title="MANual Enterprises v. Day">MANual Enterprises v. Day</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fun_Lounge_police_raid" title="Fun Lounge police raid">Fun Lounge police raid</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annual_Reminder" title="Annual Reminder">Annual Reminder</a> (1965–1969)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_sip-in&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius sip-in (page does not exist)">Julius sip-in</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton%27s_Cafeteria_riot" title="Compton's Cafeteria riot">Compton's Cafeteria riot</a> (1966)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film/TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rejected" title="The Rejected">The Rejected</a></i> (1961)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Homosexuals_(CBS_Reports)" title="The Homosexuals (CBS Reports)">The Homosexuals</a>" (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletic_Model_Guild" title="Athletic Model Guild">Athletic Model Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Cat_Bar" title="Black Cat Bar">Black Cat Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Cat_Tavern" title="Black Cat Tavern">Black Cat Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Bilitis_(Australia)" title="Daughters of Bilitis (Australia)">DOB Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophile_movement" title="Homophile movement">Homophile movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Allah_(cabaret)" title="Garden of Allah (cabaret)">Garden of Allah (cabaret)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_(restaurant)" title="Julius (restaurant)">Julius (NYC bar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gerber_House" title="Henry Gerber House">Henry Gerber House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_movements" title="LGBTQ movements">LGBTQ movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_Research_Group" title="Minorities Research Group">Minorities Research Group</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ONE_National_Gay_%26_Lesbian_Archives" title="ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives">ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde_Bookshop" title="Oscar Wilde Bookshop">Oscar Wilde Bookshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Patch_(bar)" title="The Patch (bar)">The Patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavern_Guild" title="Tavern Guild">Tavern Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_United_States" title="LGBTQ rights in the United States">LGBTQ rights in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="LGBT+_people_and_the_United_States_military" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Queer_people_and_military_service_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Queer people and military service in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Queer_people_and_military_service_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Queer people and military service in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Queer_people_and_military_service_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Queer people and military service in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="LGBT+_people_and_the_United_States_military" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the United States military">LGBT+ people and the United States military</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_works_on_the_United_States_military_and_LGBT%2B_topics" title="Bibliography of works on the United States military and LGBT+ topics">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overall</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_healthcare_in_the_United_States_Veterans_Health_Administration" title="LGBT healthcare in the United States Veterans Health Administration">LGBT veterans healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_8_(military)" title="Section 8 (military)">Section 8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sexual orientation in the United States military">Sexual orientation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Section_839(a)_of_title_10_United_States_Code_%C2%A7_925_-_Article_125." title="Section 839(a) of title 10 United States Code § 925 - Article 125.">Ban on sodomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2014" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014">repeal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Newport sex scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_discharge" title="Blue discharge">Blue discharge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_10450" title="Executive Order 10450">Executive Order 10450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crittenden_Report" title="Crittenden Report">Crittenden Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_ask,_don%27t_tell" title="Don't ask, don't tell">Don't ask, don't tell</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Marcum" title="United States v. Marcum">United States v. Marcum</a></i> (C.A.A.F. 2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_personnel_in_the_United_States_military" title="Transgender personnel in the United States military">Transgender</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_Instruction_1300.28" title="Department of Defense Instruction 1300.28">Ban on service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Memorandum_on_Military_Service_by_Transgender_Individuals_(2017)" title="Presidential Memorandum on Military Service by Transgender Individuals (2017)">2017 Memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Memorandum_on_Military_Service_by_Transgender_Individuals_(2018)" title="Presidential Memorandum on Military Service by Transgender Individuals (2018)">2018 Memo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doe_v._Trump_(2017)" title="Doe v. Trump (2017)">Doe v. Trump</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stone_v._Trump" title="Stone v. Trump">Stone v. Trump</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karnoski_v._Trump" title="Karnoski v. Trump">Karnoski v. Trump</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stockman_v._Trump" title="Stockman v. Trump">Stockman v. Trump</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_in_the_United_States_military" title="Intersex people in the United States military">Intersex people</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_partial_military_ban_on_intersex_people" title="United States partial military ban on intersex people">Ban on "hermaphroditism"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Out" title="Knights Out">Knights Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Benevolent_Association" title="Veterans Benevolent Association">Veterans Benevolent Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Military_Partner_Association" title="American Military Partner Association">American Military Partner Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Alliance" title="Blue Alliance">Blue Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servicemembers_United" title="Servicemembers United">Servicemembers United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USNA_Out" title="USNA Out">USNA Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Veterans_for_Equal_Rights" title="American Veterans for Equal Rights">American Veterans for Equal Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_American_Veterans_Association" title="Transgender American Veterans Association">Transgender American Veterans Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works on subject</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Conduct_Unbecoming:_Gays_and_Lesbians_in_the_U.S._Military" title="Conduct Unbecoming: Gays and Lesbians in the U.S. Military">Conduct Unbecoming: Gays and Lesbians in the U.S. Military</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unfriendly_Fire" title="Unfriendly Fire">Unfriendly Fire: How the Gay Ban Undermines the Military and Weakens America</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coming_Out_Under_Fire" title="Coming Out Under Fire">Coming Out Under Fire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OutServe_Magazine" title="OutServe Magazine">OutServe Magazine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_people_and_military_service" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT people and military service">LGBT people and military service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_people_and_military_service_in_the_United_States" title="Category:LGBTQ people and military service in the United States">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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