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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Cas+instrumental" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Cas+instrumental" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" 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[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Instrumental_en_hongarès" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instrumental_en_hongarès"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Instrumental en hongarès</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instrumental_en_hongarès-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instrumental_en_Txec" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instrumental_en_Txec"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Instrumental en Txec</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instrumental_en_Txec-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instrumental_en_Armeni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instrumental_en_Armeni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Instrumental en Armeni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instrumental_en_Armeni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instrumental_en_Sànscrit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instrumental_en_Sànscrit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Instrumental en Sànscrit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instrumental_en_Sànscrit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fonts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cas instrumental</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 55 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حالة أداتية - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حالة أداتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental" title="Instrumental - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Instrumental" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Творны склон - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Творны склон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Творны склон - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Творны склон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Творителен падеж - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Творителен падеж" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95" title="করণ কারক - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="করণ কারক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troad_instrumentel" title="Troad instrumentel - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Troad instrumentel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental" title="Instrumental - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Instrumental" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument%C3%A1l" title="Instrumentál - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Instrumentál" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B4rz%C3%A3dz%C3%B4cz" title="Nôrzãdzôcz - caixubi" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Nôrzãdzôcz" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="caixubi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentalis" title="Instrumentalis - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Instrumentalis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentalis" title="Instrumentalis - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Instrumentalis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CF%84%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Οργανική πτώση - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οργανική πτώση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_case" title="Instrumental case - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Instrumental case" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentalo" title="Instrumentalo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Instrumentalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caso_instrumental" title="Caso instrumental - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caso instrumental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_(gramatika)" title="Instrumental (gramatika) - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Instrumental (gramatika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="حالت ابزاری - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حالت ابزاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentaali" title="Instrumentaali - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Instrumentaali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_(cas)" title="Instrumental (cas) - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Instrumental (cas)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental" title="Instrumental - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Instrumental" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eszk%C3%B6zhat%C3%A1roz%C3%B3_eset" title="Eszközhatározó eset - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Eszközhatározó eset" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Գործիական հոլով - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գործիական հոլով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Գործիական հոլով - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գործիական հոլով" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentalis" title="Instrumentalis - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Instrumentalis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A6kisfall" title="Tækisfall - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tækisfall" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumentale" title="Strumentale - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Strumentale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B7%E6%A0%BC" title="具格 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="具格" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasus_instrum%C3%A8ntalis" title="Kasus instrumèntalis - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kasus instrumèntalis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="მოქმედებითი ბრუნვა - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოქმედებითი ბრუნვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Септік жалғау - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Септік жалғау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EA%B5%AC%EA%B2%A9" title="도구격 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도구격" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentalis" title="Instrumentalis - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Instrumentalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentalis" title="Instrumentalis - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Instrumentalis" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AEnagininkas" title="Įnagininkas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Įnagininkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument%C4%81lis" title="Instrumentālis - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Instrumentālis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Инструментал - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Инструментал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentalis" title="Instrumentalis - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Instrumentalis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentalis" title="Instrumentalis - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Instrumentalis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentalis" title="Instrumentalis - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Instrumentalis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narz%C4%99dnik" title="Narzędnik - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Narzędnik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caso_instrumental" title="Caso instrumental - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caso instrumental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazul_instrumental" title="Cazul instrumental - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cazul instrumental" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Творительный падеж - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Творительный падеж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental" title="Instrumental - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Instrumental" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%A1trument%C3%A1l" title="Inštrumentál - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Inštrumentál" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Инструментал - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Инструментал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentalis" title="Instrumentalis - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Instrumentalis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vas%C4%B1ta_eki" title="Vasıta eki - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vasıta eki" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Орудний відмінок - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Орудний відмінок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vosita_kelishigi" title="Vosita kelishigi - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vosita kelishigi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table cellpadding="1" align="right" style="border: 1px solid #88a; color: #202122; background-color: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 1em; margin: 0 15px; white-space: nowrap"> <tbody><tr> <th style="color: #202122; background-color: #ccf">Casos gramaticals </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Llista de casos gramaticals</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_abessiu" title="Cas abessiu">Cas abessiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_ablatiu" title="Cas ablatiu">Cas ablatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_absolutiu" title="Cas absolutiu">Cas absolutiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_adessiu" title="Cas adessiu">Cas adessiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_adverbial" title="Cas adverbial">Cas adverbial</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_al%C2%B7latiu" title="Cas al·latiu">Cas al·latiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_benefactiu" title="Cas benefactiu">Cas benefactiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_causal" title="Cas causal">Cas causal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Cas_causal_final" title="Cas causal final">Cas causal final</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_comitatiu" title="Cas comitatiu">Cas comitatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_datiu" title="Cas datiu">Cas datiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_dedatiu" title="Cas dedatiu">Cas dedatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_delatiu" title="Cas delatiu">Cas delatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_disjuntiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cas disjuntiu (encara no existeix)">Cas disjuntiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_distributiu" title="Cas distributiu">Cas distributiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Cas_distributiu_temporal" title="Cas distributiu temporal">Cas distributiu temporal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_elatiu" title="Cas elatiu">Cas elatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_essiu" title="Cas essiu">Cas essiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Cas_essiu_formal" title="Cas essiu formal">Cas essiu formal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Cas_essiu_modal" title="Cas essiu modal">Cas essiu modal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_exessiu" title="Cas exessiu">Cas exessiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_final" title="Cas final">Cas final</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_formal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cas formal (encara no existeix)">Cas formal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_genitiu" title="Cas genitiu">Cas genitiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_il%C2%B7latiu" title="Cas il·latiu">Cas il·latiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_inessiu" title="Cas inessiu">Cas inessiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_instructiu" title="Cas instructiu">Cas instructiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cas instrumental</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_latiu" title="Cas latiu">Cas latiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_locatiu" title="Cas locatiu">Cas locatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_modal" title="Cas modal">Cas modal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_multiplicatiu" title="Cas multiplicatiu">Cas multiplicatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_objectiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cas objectiu (encara no existeix)">Cas objectiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_oblic" title="Cas oblic">Cas oblic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_partitiu" title="Cas partitiu">Cas partitiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_possessiu" title="Cas possessiu">Cas possessiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_postposicional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cas postposicional (encara no existeix)">Cas postposicional</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_preposicional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cas preposicional (encara no existeix)">Cas preposicional</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_prolatiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cas prolatiu (encara no existeix)">Cas prolatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_prosecutiu" title="Cas prosecutiu">Cas prosecutiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_separatiu" title="Cas separatiu">Cas separatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_sociatiu" title="Cas sociatiu">Cas sociatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_sublatiu" title="Cas sublatiu">Cas sublatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_superessiu" title="Cas superessiu">Cas superessiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_temporal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cas temporal (encara no existeix)">Cas temporal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_terminatiu" title="Cas terminatiu">Cas terminatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_translatiu" title="Cas translatiu">Cas translatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_vial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cas vial (encara no existeix)">Cas vial</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_vocatiu" title="Cas vocatiu">Cas vocatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ccf"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Arranjament_morfosint%C3%A0ctic" title="Arranjament morfosintàctic">Arranjament morfosintàctic</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_absolutiu" title="Cas absolutiu">Cas absolutiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_acusatiu" title="Cas acusatiu">Cas acusatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_ergatiu" title="Cas ergatiu">Cas ergatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cas instrumental</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Cas_instrumental_comitatiu" title="Cas instrumental comitatiu">Cas instrumental comitatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_intransitiu" title="Cas intransitiu">Cas intransitiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cas_nominatiu" title="Cas nominatiu">Cas nominatiu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ccf"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Declinaci%C3%B3_gramatical" title="Declinació gramatical">Declinació</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Declinaci%C3%B3_alemanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declinació alemanya (encara no existeix)">Declinació alemanya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gram%C3%A0tica_basca#Declinació" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramàtica basca">Declinació basca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Declinaci%C3%B3_eslovaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declinació eslovaca (encara no existeix)">Declinació eslovaca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Declinaci%C3%B3_eslovena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declinació eslovena (encara no existeix)">Declinació eslovena</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Declinaci%C3%B3_irlandesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declinació irlandesa (encara no existeix)">Declinació irlandesa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Declinaci%C3%B3_islandesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declinació islandesa (encara no existeix)">Declinació islandesa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Declinaci%C3%B3_llatina" class="mw-redirect" title="Declinació llatina">Declinació llatina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Declinaci%C3%B3_polonesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declinació polonesa (encara no existeix)">Declinació polonesa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Declinaci%C3%B3_russa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declinació russa (encara no existeix)">Declinació russa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Declinaci%C3%B3_s%C3%A8rbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declinació sèrbia (encara no existeix)">Declinació sèrbia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Declinaci%C3%B3_txeca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declinació txeca (encara no existeix)">Declinació txeca</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>El <b>cas instrumental</b> (també anomenat <i>el vuitè cas</i>) és un <a href="/wiki/Cas_gramatical" title="Cas gramatical">cas gramatical</a> emprat per indicar que un nom és l'instrument amb el qual el <a href="/wiki/Subjecte_(sintaxi)" title="Subjecte (sintaxi)">subjecte</a> duu a terme l'acció. El nom pot ser tant un objecte físic com un concepte abstracte. </p><p>Per exemple, en aquesta frase en <a href="/wiki/Rus" title="Rus">rus</a>: </p> <dl><dd><i>Я написал письмо пером. (translit.: ya napisal pis'mo perom)</i></dd></dl> <p>la flexió del nom indica el seu paper instrumental. El <a href="/wiki/Cas_nominatiu" title="Cas nominatiu">nominatiu</a> <i>перо</i> canvia la seva terminació esdevenint <i>пером</i>. En <a href="/wiki/Llengua_catalana" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengua catalana">català</a>, idioma en el qual no existeix un cas instrumental, s'expressa el mateix significat utilitzant sintagmes adverbials com <i>amb</i>, <i>mitjançant</i> o <i>fent servir</i>, entre d'altres, que venen seguits per l'instrument en si.: </p> <dl><dd><i>Vaig escriure la carta amb un bolígraf.</i></dd> <dd><i>Vaig escriure la carta mitjançant un bolígraf.</i></dd> <dd><i>Vaig escriure la carta fent servir un bolígraf.</i></dd></dl> <p>El cas instrumental apareix en <a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s_antic" title="Anglès antic">anglès antic</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antic_Sax%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antic Saxó (encara no existeix)">antic Saxó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%A0" title="Georgià">georgià</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%88uscar" class="mw-redirect" title="Èuscar">èuscar</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A0nscrit" title="Sànscrit">sànscrit</a>, i les <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_balto-eslaves" title="Llengües balto-eslaves">llengües balto-eslaves</a>. Un cas instrumental/<a href="/wiki/Cas_comitatiu" title="Cas comitatiu">comitatiu</a>, present en el <a href="/wiki/Turc" title="Turc">turc</a> i en altres <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_altaiques" title="Llengües altaiques">llengües altaiques</a>, així com en <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A0mil" title="Tàmil">tàmil</a>. En algunes llengües es fan servir altres casos per expressar el mateix, com el <a href="/wiki/Cas_adessiu" title="Cas adessiu">cas adessiu</a> o <a href="/wiki/Cas_locatiu" title="Cas locatiu">locatiu</a> en les <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_ur%C3%A0liques" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengües uràliques">llengües uràliques</a> o el <a href="/wiki/Cas_comitatiu" title="Cas comitatiu">cas comitatiu</a> en <a href="/wiki/Estoni%C3%A0" title="Estonià">estonià</a>. Per exemple, en <a href="/wiki/Fin%C3%A8s" title="Finès">finès</a> <i>kirjoitan kynällä</i> no vol dir "Escric en un bolígraf", sinó <i>Escric amb un boli</i>, encara que s'estigui emprant l'adessiu <i>-llä</i>. En les llengües Ob-úgriques, el cas instrumental també pot indicar agents amb verbs de naturalesa ergativa. </p><p>Aquest cas es fa servir molt en rus, llengua en la qual se l'anomena <i>творительный падеж (tvoritelni padezh)</i>. Encara que hi ha algunes excepcions, l'instrumental en rus s'indica amb -ом ("-om"), sufix emprat per la majoria de noms masculins i neutres, -oй ("-oy") sufix emprat per la majoria de noms femenins i -ами ("-ami") emprada pel plural en tots els gèneres. </p><p>Tanmateix, en rus, igual que en moltes <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_eslaves" title="Llengües eslaves">llengües eslaves</a> el cas instrumental també es pot fer servir per denotar: </p> <ul><li>el temps en el qual ocorre una acció ("durant"). Per exemple, en la frase "я работаю утром" (ia rabotaiu utrom), que significa "treballo durant el dia," la paraula утро (transl. utro, "dia, matí") en el seu cas instrumental denota el temps en el qual l'acció (en aquest cas "treballar") succeeix ("durant el dia").</li></ul> <ul><li>un canvi d'estat. Per exemple a "сегодня я стал американским гражданином" (sevodnya ia stal amerikanskim grazhdaninom), que vol dir "Avui he esdevingut ciutadà americà" la paraula гражданин (grazhdanin, "ciutadà") és usada per denotar probablement el pas d'immigrant a ciutadà. també s'utilitza en altres casos, per exemple, quan hom emmalalteix (pas de sa a malalt)....</li></ul> <ul><li>per emfasitzar un atribut o professió, equivalent al català <i>com a</i>, a l'anglès <i>as</i> o a l'alemany <i>als</i>.</li></ul> <p>Per exemple, "Я работаю переводчиком" (Ia rabotaiu perevodtxikom) vol dir "Treballo com a traductor". </p><p><br /> Encara que el cas instrumental no existeix en moltes llengües, s'empren altres casos pel mateix ús. En <a href="/wiki/Grec_cl%C3%A0ssic" class="mw-redirect" title="Grec clàssic">grec clàssic</a>, s'empra el <a href="/wiki/Cas_datiu" title="Cas datiu">cas datiu</a>, com podem observar en la frase "με κτείνει δόλῳ","o" "me ktenei dolôi" (extret de <a href="/wiki/L%27Odissea" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Odissea">L'Odissea</a>), que vol dir "Ell em mata amb un esquer". Aquí,"δόλῳ" el datiu de "δόλος" ("dolos" - un esquer) és utilitzat com a cas instrumental. En <a href="/wiki/Llat%C3%AD" title="Llatí">llatí</a> s'empra el <a href="/wiki/Cas_ablatiu" title="Cas ablatiu">cas ablatiu</a>, com a <i>oculīs vidēre</i>, "veure amb els ulls". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instrumental_en_hongarès"><span id="Instrumental_en_hongar.C3.A8s"></span>Instrumental en hongarès</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_instrumental&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Instrumental en hongarès"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'instrumental en <a href="/wiki/Hongar%C3%A8s" title="Hongarès">hongarès</a> serveix principalment per l'anteriorment explicat (què s'empra per fer quelcom) Té un paper important en la forma <i>-(t)at-</i> dels verbs, això és, la forma d'un verb que indica que el subjecte va causar a algú altre l'acció del verb. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instrumental_en_Txec">Instrumental en Txec</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_instrumental&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Instrumental en Txec"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Txec" title="Txec">txec</a> té el mateix ús que hem estat repetint durant tot l'article. Per exemple: 1. Píšu perem (Verb Psát = Escriure, Píšu = escric. Pero = Boli, Perem = <i>amb</i> un boli) 2. Jedu do Školy autobusem (Jet = Anar, Jedu = Vaig. Škola = Escola, do Školy = a l'escola (<a href="/wiki/Cas_genitiu" title="Cas genitiu">cas genitiu</a>), Autobus = Autbus, Autobusem = mitjançant l'autobús) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instrumental_en_Armeni">Instrumental en Armeni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_instrumental&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Instrumental en Armeni"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'instrumental en <a href="/wiki/Armeni" title="Armeni">armeni</a> es denota per -ով (-ov) sufix que indica que una acció és feta per o amb un agent. </p> <ul><li>մատիտ (<i>matit</i>, llapis) → մատիտ<b>ով</b> (<i>matit<b>ov</b></i>, amb un llapis) <ul><li>մատիտով գրի (<i>matitov gri</i>) Escriure amb un llapis.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>En veu passiva aquest cas és reemplaçat pel <a href="/wiki/Cas_ablatiu" title="Cas ablatiu">cas ablatiu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instrumental_en_Sànscrit"><span id="Instrumental_en_S.C3.A0nscrit"></span>Instrumental en Sànscrit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_instrumental&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Instrumental en Sànscrit"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'instrumental en <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A0nscrit" title="Sànscrit">sànscrit</a> pot tenir diversos significats: </p> <ul><li>Pot indicar l'instrument:</li></ul> <dl><dd>रामो लेखन्या लिखति</dd> <dd><b>lekhanyā</b> likhati.</dd> <dd>"En Rāma escriu <b>amb un boli</b>".</dd></dl> <ul><li>Pot indicar que algú o alguna cosa acompanya l'acció. En aquest cas, el sentit d'"acompanyament" és indicat per postposicions com सह <i>saha</i> ("amb") :</li></ul> <dl><dd>दासेन सह देवदत्तोऽगच्छत्</dd> <dd><b>Dāsena saha</b> devadatto'gacchat.</dd> <dd>"En Devadatta anava <b>acompanyat pel servent</b>".</dd></dl> <ul><li>Pot indicar l'agent del verb passiu:</li></ul> <dl><dd>देवदत्तेन यवं खाद्यते</dd> <dd><b>Devadattena</b> yavaṁ khādyate.</dd> <dd>"<a href="/wiki/Ordi" title="Ordi">Ordi</a> és menjat <b>pel Devadatta</b>".</dd></dl> <ul><li>Pot indicarla causa, raó o circumstància d'una acció:</li></ul> <dl><dd>दुःखेन ग्रामम् अत्यजत्</dd> <dd><b>duḥkhena</b> grāmam atyajat.</dd> <dd>"ell va abandonar el poble <b>per la misèria</b>".</dd></dl> <ul><li>És emprat amb la preposició विना <i>vinā</i> ("sense"):</li></ul> <dl><dd>जलेन विना पद्मं नश्यति</dd> <dd><b>jalena vinā</b> padmaṁ naśyati.</dd> <dd>"Un lotus,<b>sense aigua</b>, mor".</dd></dl> <ul><li>Pot ésser utilitzat també amb les partícules अलम् <i>alam</i> i कृतम् <i>kṛtam</i>, que volen dir "prou", "suficient"..</li></ul> <dl><dd>कृतं कोलाहलेन</dd></dl> <p>kṛtaṁ <b>kolāhalena</b>. </p> <dl><dd>"Ja n'hi ha prou d'aquest <b>soroll</b>!".</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonts">Fonts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_instrumental&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Fonts"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/plc/tamilweb/book/chapter2/node24.html"><i>Instrumental Case</i> in Tamil language</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.du.edu/langlit/russian/instr.htm"><i>The Instrumental Case</i> in Russian language</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsInstrumentalCase.htm">What is instrumental case?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/language/prepins.html">Prepositions Governing the Instrumental Case in Russian</a></li></ul> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_instrumental&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hungarianreference.com/Nouns/val-vel-instrumental.aspx">Instrumental case in Hungarian</a> from HungarianReference.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/nouns_instrumental.php">Instrumental Case In Russian</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russianresources.info/links.aspx/grammar/nouns/inst">Resources to learn Instrumental Case in Russian</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213193215/http://www.russianresources.info/links.aspx/grammar/nouns/inst">Arxivat</a> 2012-02-13 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4237166-1">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Txeca" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la República Txeca">NKC</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph979134&CON_LNG=ENG">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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