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Coherència (física) - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&amp;returnto=Coher%C3%A8ncia+%28f%C3%ADsica%29" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l&#039;edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d&#039;aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Coherència_temporal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coherència_temporal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Coherència temporal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coherència_temporal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coherència_espacial[2]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coherència_espacial[2]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Coherència espacial<sup><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coherència_espacial[2]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Coherència (física)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 44 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%82_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="اتساق (فيزياء) - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اتساق (فيزياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Кагерэнтнасць (фізіка) - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кагерэнтнасць (фізіка)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Кохерентност - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кохерентност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koherence_(vln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD)" title="Koherence (vlnění) - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Koherence (vlnění)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Когерентлĕх (физика) - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Когерентлĕх (физика)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koh%C3%A4renz_(Physik)" title="Kohärenz (Physik) - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kohärenz (Physik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence_(physics)" title="Coherence (physics) - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Coherence (physics)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luz_coherente" title="Luz coherente - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Luz coherente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koherentsed_lained" title="Koherentsed lained - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Koherentsed lained" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="همدوسی - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="همدوسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koherenssi_(fysiikka)" title="Koherenssi (fysiikka) - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Koherenssi (fysiikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coh%C3%A9rence_(physique)" title="Cohérence (physique) - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cohérence (physique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhlean%C3%BAnachas" title="Comhleanúnachas - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhleanúnachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_(%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="קוהרנטיות (פיזיקה) - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוהרנטיות (פיזיקה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80)" title="संबद्धता (भौतिकी) - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संबद्धता (भौतिकी)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limy%C3%A8_koyeran" title="Limyè koyeran - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Limyè koyeran" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koherencia_(fizika)" title="Koherencia (fizika) - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Koherencia (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կոհերենտություն - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոհերենտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coerenza_(fisica)" title="Coerenza (fisica) - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Coerenza (fisica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%92%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="コヒーレンス - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コヒーレンス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Когеренттік - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Когеренттік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%B0%EB%A7%9E%EC%9D%8C" title="결맞음 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="결맞음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koherenti%C5%A1kumas" title="Koherentiškumas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Koherentiškumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koherence" title="Koherence - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Koherence" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Кохерентност (физика) - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кохерентност (физика)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherentie_(natuurkunde)" title="Coherentie (natuurkunde) - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Coherentie (natuurkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koherens" title="Koherens - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Koherens" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koherens" title="Koherens - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Koherens" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koherencja_fal" title="Koherencja fal - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Koherencja fal" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luz_coerente" title="Luz coerente - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Luz coerente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coeren%C8%9B%C4%83_(optic%C4%83)" title="Coerență (optică) - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coerență (optică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Когерентность (физика) - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Когерентность (физика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuirenza_(fisica)" title="Cuirenza (fisica) - sicilià" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cuirenza (fisica)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence_(physics)" title="Coherence (physics) - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Coherence (physics)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koherentn%C3%A9_vlnenie" title="Koherentné vlnenie - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Koherentné vlnenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koherentno_valovanje" title="Koherentno valovanje - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Koherentno valovanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koherens_(fysik)" title="Koherens (fysik) - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koherens (fysik)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%8C" title="อาพันธ์ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาพันธ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyumluluk_(fizik)" title="Uyumluluk (fizik) - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uyumluluk (fizik)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l&#039;enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><p>La <b>coherència</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> és la propietat de les <a href="/wiki/Ona" title="Ona">ones</a> (i, en general, de qualsevol estat físic ondulatori) que els permet exhibir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interfer%C3%A8ncia_(f%C3%ADsica)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Interferència (física) (encara no existeix)">interferència</a>. També és el paràmetre que quantifica la qualitat de la interferència (també conegut com a grau de coherència). El concepte fou introduït originalment en <a href="/wiki/%C3%92ptica" title="Òptica">òptica</a> a partir de l'<a href="/wiki/Experiment_de_la_doble_escletxa" title="Experiment de la doble escletxa">experiment de la doble escletxa</a> de <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Young" title="Thomas Young">Thomas Young</a>, però actualment s'utilitza en qualsevol camp que treballi amb estats ondulatoris, com l'<a href="/wiki/Ac%C3%BAstica" title="Acústica">acústica</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Enginyeria_el%C3%A8ctrica" class="mw-redirect" title="Enginyeria elèctrica">enginyeria elèctrica</a> i la <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_qu%C3%A0ntica" class="mw-redirect" title="Física quàntica">física quàntica</a>. </p><p>En una situació d'interferència es combinen dos estats ondulatoris i, en funció de la <a href="/wiki/Fase_(ona)" title="Fase (ona)">fase</a> relativa entre ells, poden interferir constructivament (que resulta en una intensitat major) o destructivament (que resulta en una intensitat menor). El grau de coherència mesura el grau en què les ones poden anul·lar-se mútuament a causa de la interferència destructiva. La propietat de la coherència és bàsica en aplicacions com l'<a href="/wiki/Holografia" title="Holografia">holografia</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Gir%C3%B2scop" class="mw-redirect" title="Giròscop">giròscop</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interfer%C3%B2metre_de_Sagnac&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Interferòmetre de Sagnac (encara no existeix)">Sagnac</a>, xarxes d'antenes, <a href="/wiki/Radiotelescopi" title="Radiotelescopi">radiotelescopis</a> o <a href="/wiki/Interfer%C3%B2metre" title="Interferòmetre">interferòmetres</a>. </p><p>En l'estudi de la coherència cal diferenciar entre la coherència temporal i la coherència espacial. Si les ones que interfereixen no són monocromàtiques també caldrà considerar la coherència espectral. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coherència_temporal"><span id="Coher.C3.A8ncia_temporal"></span>Coherència temporal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coher%C3%A8ncia_(f%C3%ADsica)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Coherència temporal"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La coherència temporal està relacionada amb la correlació de la fase d'energia de l'ona en un determinat punt arribat per la mateixa en dos instants de temps diferents. Si es considera el camp elèctric en un punt <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4dc73bf40314945ff376bd363916a738548d40a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.745ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P}"></span> en dos instants diferents <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}"></span> y <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t+T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t+T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8371dd96793f627e04d891ebe9abdba3f61ac5c7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.316ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t+T}"></span> es defineix el temps de coherència com el màxim valor de <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"></span> perquè la diferència de fase entre el camp d'ambdós punts es mantingui predictible. </p><p>La coherència temporal es pot mesurar amb l'<a href="/wiki/Interfer%C3%B2metre_de_Michelson" title="Interferòmetre de Michelson">interferòmetre de Michelson</a>, en el que es <a href="/wiki/Divisor_de_feix" title="Divisor de feix">divideix</a> el feix de referència en dos feixos que es fan interferir entre si. </p><p>L'elevat índex de coherència temporal dels generadors <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A0ser" title="Làser">làser</a> és explotat en diverses aplicacions com per a mesures distàncies, velocitats, vibracions, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coherència_espacial[2]"><span id="Coher.C3.A8ncia_espacial.5B2.5D"></span>Coherència espacial<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coher%C3%A8ncia_(f%C3%ADsica)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Coherència espacial[2]"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La coherència espacial fa referència a una relació de fase definida entre punts diferents d'una secció transversal d'un feix lluminós. Per a il·lustrar aquest concepte si es consideren 2 punts <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b9b58f22283ca46dd5da309cc34303b06a797783" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:2.313ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{1}}"></span> i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/43f1b08d7d69712872e051c2b33fdfa9f5d42319" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:2.313ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{2}}"></span> que es troben en la mateixa secció transversal del feix (superfície perpendicular a la direcció de propagació), i siguin <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E1(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E1(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9fc21012ff27b4a20a2daa268b64dd473851fe3c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.587ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E1(t)}"></span> i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E2(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E2(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a1cf54ab83e5c09e45d25cbeebefb385fa546383" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.587ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E2(t)}"></span> els camps elèctrics en ambdós punts. Si la diferència de fase entre els camps roman constant en qualsevol instant <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t&gt;0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t&gt;0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/29a2960e88369263fe3cfe00ccbfeb83daee212a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.101ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t&gt;0}"></span> es diu que entre ambdós punts hi ha una coherència espacial perfecta. </p><p>En general per a un determinat punt <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/398f438d75434e6fbf48dc232c1ad7228a738568" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}}"></span>, els punts <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87858df7457aa93caaef5a316db87a7240cc8c29" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{2}}"></span>, per als que es compleix la condició de coherència espacial, romanen a una àrea limitada entorn de <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/398f438d75434e6fbf48dc232c1ad7228a738568" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}}"></span> anomenada àrea de coherència, pel que es diu que el feix presenta coherència espacial parcial. </p><p>Per a les fonts lluminoses convencionals l'àrea de coherència és de l'ordre de 0,0001 mm quadrats, mentre que per al làser és de l'ordre d'1 mm quadrat. </p><p>La forma de detectar la coherència espacial en un feix lluminós és mitjançant l'<a href="/wiki/Experiment_de_Young" class="mw-redirect" title="Experiment de Young">experiment de Young</a>. </p><p>També influirà en la divergència del feix làser i per tant estarà relacionat amb la direccionalitat; també afecta a la mida del punt de focalització produïda en travessar el feix làser una lent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coher%C3%A8ncia_(f%C3%ADsica)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist &#123;&#123;#if: &#124; references-column-count references-column-count-&#123;&#123;&#123;col&#125;&#125;&#125;" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ub.edu/javaoptics/secundaria/Sec_YoungCa.html">Experiment de Young</a>».&#32;[Consulta: 2 febrer 2021].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5129939">Una descripción geométrica de la coherencia espacial y un principio similar al de Babinet para explicar la visibilidad de franjas</a>»&#32;(en castellà).&#32;[Consulta: 2 febrer 2021].</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coher%C3%A8ncia_(f%C3%ADsica)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coherence" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Coherence">Coherència</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">"Dr. SkySkull".&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skullsinthestars.com/2008/09/03/optics-basics-coherence/">Optics basics: Coherence</a>».&#32;<i>Skulls in the Stars</i>.</span></li></ul> <p><span style="display: none;" class="interProject"><a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/coher%C3%A8ncia" class="extiw" title="wikt:coherència">Viccionari</a></span> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐55d67b955c‐7gsj9 Cached time: 20241127215815 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.125 seconds Real time usage: 0.221 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 648/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4473/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1314/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2692/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.043/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1250925/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 123.074 1 -total 48.63% 59.857 1 Plantilla:Referències 46.50% 57.227 3 Plantilla:Ref-web 46.32% 57.002 1 Plantilla:Commonscat 40.40% 49.725 1 Plantilla:Sister 38.37% 47.223 1 Plantilla:Caixa_lateral 22.20% 27.323 2 Plantilla:Data_consulta 6.89% 8.474 1 Plantilla:Títol_sense_cua 3.94% 4.845 1 Plantilla:Commonscat/categories 2.02% 2.488 1 Plantilla:Viccionari-lateral --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key cawiki:pcache:111380:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241127215815 and revision id 30613245. 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