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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaralde_Sign_Language&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaralde Sign Language">Jaralde Sign Language</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Australian Aboriginal language</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #eba9ee;">Ngarrindjeri</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ngarrindjeri" title="Ngarrindjeri">Ngarrindjeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanganekald_people" title="Tanganekald people">Tanganekald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramindjeri" title="Ramindjeri">Ramindjeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jarildekald_people" title="Jarildekald people">Yarilde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meintangk_people" title="Meintangk people">Meintangk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portaulun_people" title="Portaulun people">Portaulun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warki" title="Warki">Warki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">312 (2016 census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Lower_Murray_languages" title="Lower Murray languages">Lower Murray</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Ngarrindjeri</b></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Yaralde (Ngarrindjeri)</li> <li>Tangane (Tanganekald)<abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li>Ramindjeri</li> <li>Portaulun</li> <li>Warki</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Manually_coded_language" title="Manually coded language">Signed forms</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Jaralde_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaralde Sign Language">Jaralde Sign Language</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #eba9ee;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/nay" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:nay">nay</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/narr1259">narr1259</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">AIATSIS</a><sup id="cite_ref-AIATSIS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIATSIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/S69">S69</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/6668">Ngarrindjeri</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/6806">Yaraldi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Ngarrindjeri</b>, also written <b>Narrinyeri</b>, <b>Ngarinyeri</b> and other variants, is the language of the <a href="/wiki/Ngarrindjeri" title="Ngarrindjeri">Ngarrindjeri</a> and related peoples of southern <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>. Five dialects have been distinguished by a 2002 study: <b>Warki</b>, <b>Tanganekald</b>, <b>Ramindjeri</b>, <b>Portaulun</b> and <b>Yaraldi</b> (or <b>Yaralde Tingar</b>). </p><p>Ngarrindjerri is <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pama–Nyungan">Pama–Nyungan</a>. McDonald (2002) distinguishes five dialects: Warki, Tanganekald, Ramindjeri, Portaulun and Yaraldi.<sup id="cite_ref-AIATSIS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIATSIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowern (2011) lists the Yaraldi, Ngarrindjeri, and Ramindjeri varieties as separate languages.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tanganekald, also known as Thangal,<sup id="cite_ref-mlt_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlt-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is now extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngarrindjeri_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Linguist <a href="/wiki/Ghil%27ad_Zuckermann" title="Ghil'ad Zuckermann">Ghil'ad Zuckermann</a> suggests that the original pronunciation of <i>Ngarrindjeri</i> had two distinct <a href="/wiki/Rhotic_consonant" title="Rhotic consonant">rhotic consonants</a>: the first was <i>rr</i> (as in Italian) and the second was <i>r</i> (as in English).<sup id="cite_ref-Rev_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rev-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 198">: 198 </span></sup> However, in revitalized Ngarrindjeri, both rhotics "are pronounced unlike English".<sup id="cite_ref-Rev_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rev-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 198">: 198 </span></sup> Zuckermann analyses this phenomenon as over-applied, <a href="/wiki/Hypercorrect" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypercorrect">hypercorrect</a> "emblematicity" due to <a href="/wiki/Other_(philosophy)" title="Other (philosophy)">Othering</a>: the Ngarrindjeri revivalists are trying to define themselves vis-à-vis the "Other", distancing themselves from "the colonizers' mother tongue, Australian English" (even at the expense of losing one of their own original rhotics).<sup id="cite_ref-Rev_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rev-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 198">: 198 </span></sup> </p><p>Other names include <i>Jarildekald, Jaralde, Yarilde, Yarrildie, Jaraldi, Lakalinyeri, Warawalde, Yalawarre, Yarildewallin</i> (although as mentioned above, Yaraldi is regarded as a dialect<sup id="cite_ref-AIATSIS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIATSIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Berndt" title="Ronald Berndt">Berndt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Berndt" title="Catherine Berndt">Berndt</a> & Stanton (1993) wrote: "The appropriate traditional categorisation of the whole group was Kukabrak: this term, as we mention again below, was used by these people to differentiate themselves from neighbours whom they regarded as being socio-culturally and linguistically dissimilar. However, the term Narrinyeri has been used consistently in the literature and by Aborigines today who recognise a common descent from original inhabitants of this region-- even though their traditional identifying labels have been lost."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerndtBerndt199319_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerndtBerndt199319-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status_and_revival">Status and revival</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngarrindjeri_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Status and revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1864, the publication of the Ngarrindjerri <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> was the first time portions of the Bible were translated into an <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Australian languages">Aboriginal language</a>. 8 Genesis 2:8 follows in Ngarrindjerri from the 1864 translation and a literal English translation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGale199771_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGale199771-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<span title="Ngarrindjeri-language text"><i lang="nay">Jehovah winmin gardenowe Edenald, kile yuppun ityan korn gardenungai.</i></span>" "Jehovah God planted a garden in Eden, toward the east, and there he put the man whom he had formed." </p><p>The last fluent speaker of Ngarrindjerri died in the 1960s, but there have been attempts to revive the language in the 21st century, including the release of a Ngarrindjeri dictionary in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-revival_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revival-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work of <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> missionaries <a href="/wiki/Christian_Teichelmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Teichelmann">Christian Teichelmann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clamor_Sch%C3%BCrmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Clamor Schürmann">Clamor Schürmann</a> in the early days of the <a href="/wiki/Colonisation_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonisation of South Australia">colonisation of South Australia</a> have contributed enormously to the revival of both Ngarrindjeri and <a href="/wiki/Kaurna_language" title="Kaurna language">Kaurna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were 312 speakers of Ngarrindjerri recorded in the <a href="/wiki/2016_Australian_census" title="2016 Australian census">2016 Australian census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AIATSIS_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIATSIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second edition of the dictionary was published in 2019, with 500 additional words, bringing the total to 4,200. Ngarrindjeri <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_elder" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal elder">elder</a> Phyllis Williams has been collaborating with linguist Mary-Anne Gale for many years, teaching the language to adults and developing resources to aid <a href="/wiki/Language_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Language revival">language revival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dict2ed_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dict2ed-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The third, expanded edition of the dictionary, again compiled by Gale and Williams, was published by <a href="/wiki/AIATSIS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIATSIS">AIATSIS</a> in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hundreds of new words have been added, including words for items which did not exist in the 19th century, such as "<a href="/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar panel</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Marchant_2021_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marchant_2021-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021 the first students of the first training course to be specially tailored to the teaching of <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Australian languages">Aboriginal language</a>, run by <a href="/wiki/Tauondi_Aboriginal_College" title="Tauondi Aboriginal College">Tauondi Aboriginal College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Port_Adelaide" title="Port Adelaide">Port Adelaide</a>, graduated, and are now able to pass on their skills to the community. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Adelaide" title="University of Adelaide">University of Adelaide</a> linguist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Amery" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Amery">Robert Amery</a> and his wife, Mary-Anne Gale, have helped to drive the project.<sup id="cite_ref-Marchant_2021_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marchant_2021-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The musical group <a href="/wiki/Deadly_Nannas" title="Deadly Nannas">Deadly Nannas</a> (Nragi Muthar) have been writing and singing songs in Ngarrindjerri and English, and using them to help teach the language in schools and other venues.<sup id="cite_ref-indaily2019_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indaily2019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abc2021_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc2021-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sign_language">Sign language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngarrindjeri_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sign language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Yaralde had the southernmost attested <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_sign_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal sign language">Australian Aboriginal sign language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngarrindjeri_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngarrindjeri_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="IPA wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_consonant" title="Peripheral consonant">Peripheral</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">Laminal</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">Apical</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">c</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental nasal">n̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental lateral approximant">l̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">ɭ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rhotic_consonant" title="Rhotic consonant">Rhotic</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>/r/ can be heard as a tap and approximant, as allophones [ɾ, ɹ].</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngarrindjeri_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/High_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="High vowel">High</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Low_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Low vowel">Low</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Vowel </th> <th>Allophones </th></tr> <tr> <td>/i/ </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>/e/ </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>/a/ </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">ʌ</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>/o/ </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>/u/ </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel">ʉ</a>]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>/i/ when preceding retroflex consonant, can be heard as central [ɨ]</li> <li>/u/ when occurring after a trill consonant in closed syllables can be heard as central [ʉ]</li> <li>A mid sound /ə/ can also be heard in various syllabic positions.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngarrindjeri_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following words are from the Ngarrindjeri language:<sup id="cite_ref-bell_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bell-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span title="Ngarrindjeri-language text"><i lang="nay">kondoli</i></span> – 'whale'</li> <li><span title="Ngarrindjeri-language text"><i lang="nay">korni</i></span><i>/</i><span title="Ngarrindjeri-language text"><i lang="nay">korne</i></span> – 'man'</li> <li><span title="Ngarrindjeri-language text"><i lang="nay">kringkari</i></span><i>,</i> <span title="Ngarrindjeri-language text"><i lang="nay">gringari</i></span> – 'white man'</li> <li><span title="Ngarrindjeri-language text"><i lang="nay">muldarpi</i></span><i>/</i><span title="Ngarrindjeri-language text"><i lang="nay">mularpi</i></span> – 'travelling spirit of sorcerers and strangers'</li> <li><span title="Ngarrindjeri-language text"><i lang="nay">yanun</i></span> – 'speak, talk'</li></ul> <p>These are words for animals extinct since European colonisation:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span title="Ngarrindjeri-language text"><i lang="nay">maikari</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Eastern_hare-wallaby" title="Eastern hare-wallaby">Eastern hare-wallaby</a></li> <li><span title="Ngarrindjeri-language text"><i lang="nay">rtulatji</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Toolache_wallaby" title="Toolache wallaby">Toolache wallaby</a></li> <li><span title="Ngarrindjeri-language text"><i lang="nay">wi:kwai</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Pig-footed_bandicoot" class="mw-redirect" title="Pig-footed bandicoot">Pig-footed bandicoot</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngarrindjeri_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFABS" class="citation web cs1">ABS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stat.data.abs.gov.au/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ABS_C16_T09_SA">"Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)"</a>. <i>stat.data.abs.gov.au</i>. Australian Bureau of Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stat.data.abs.gov.au&rft.atitle=Census+2016%2C+Language+spoken+at+home+by+Sex+%28SA2%2B%29&rft.au=ABS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstat.data.abs.gov.au%2FIndex.aspx%3FDataSetCode%3DABS_C16_T09_SA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AIATSIS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AIATSIS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AIATSIS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AIATSIS_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AIATSIS_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/S69">S69</a> Ngarrindjeri at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowern, Claire. 2011. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anggarrgoon.wordpress.com/2011/12/23/how-many-languages-were-spoken-in-australia/">How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?</a>", <i>Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web</i>, December 23, 2011 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pamanyungan.sites.yale.edu/master-list-australian-languages-v12">corrected</a> February 6, 2012)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mlt-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mlt_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobilelanguageteam.com.au/languages/thangal-tanganekald/">"Thangal/Tanganekald"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mobile_Language_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile Language Team">Mobile Language Team</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mobile+Language+Team&rft.atitle=Thangal%2FTanganekald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmobilelanguageteam.com.au%2Flanguages%2Fthangal-tanganekald%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/S11">S11</a> Tanganekald at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rev-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rev_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rev_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rev_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ghil%27ad_Zuckermann" title="Ghil'ad Zuckermann">Zuckermann, Ghil'ad</a> (2020), <a href="/wiki/Revivalistics" title="Revivalistics"><i>Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/revivalistics-9780199812790">Oxford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199812790" title="Special:BookSources/9780199812790">9780199812790</a> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199812776" title="Special:BookSources/9780199812776">9780199812776</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerndtBerndt199319-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerndtBerndt199319_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerndtBerndt1993">Berndt & Berndt (1993)</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGale199771-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGale199771_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGale1997">Gale (1997)</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-revival-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-revival_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>University of South Australia</i>, "Preserving Indigenous culture through language", 16 May 2008,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.unisa.edu.au/news/2008/160508.asp">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110705140154/http://www.unisa.edu.au/news/2008/160508.asp">Archived</a> 5 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 15 January 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmeryGale2014" class="citation book cs1">Amery, Rob; Gale, Mary-Anne (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adelaide.edu.au/australex/conferences/2013/amery_and_gale.pdf">"They came, they heard, they documented: the Dresden missionaries as lexicographers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Zuckermann, Ghil'ad; Miller, Julia; Morley, Jasmin (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adelaide.edu.au/australex/conferences/2013/"><i>Endangered Words, Signs of Revival</i></a>. Papers presented at the conference <i>Australex 2013: Endangered Words, and Signs of Revival</i> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Adelaide" title="University of Adelaide">University of Adelaide</a>, South Australia, 25 to 28 July 2013. Australian Association for Lexicography (Australex). pp. 1–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-646-92900-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-646-92900-2"><bdi>978-0-646-92900-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=They+came%2C+they+heard%2C+they+documented%3A+the+Dresden+missionaries+as+lexicographers&rft.btitle=Endangered+Words%2C+Signs+of+Revival&rft.pages=1-19&rft.pub=Australian+Association+for+Lexicography+%28Australex%29&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-646-92900-2&rft.aulast=Amery&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft.au=Gale%2C+Mary-Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaide.edu.au%2Faustralex%2Fconferences%2F2013%2Famery_and_gale.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dict2ed-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dict2ed_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aiatsis.gov.au/whats-new/news/ngarrindjeri-concise-2nd-edition-dictionary-launched">"Ngarrindjeri Concise 2nd edition Dictionary launched"</a>. <i>AIATSIS</i>. 6 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AIATSIS&rft.atitle=Ngarrindjeri+Concise+2nd+edition+Dictionary+launched&rft.date=2019-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faiatsis.gov.au%2Fwhats-new%2Fnews%2Fngarrindjeri-concise-2nd-edition-dictionary-launched&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaleWilliams2019" class="citation book cs1">Gale, Mary-Anne; Williams, Phyllis (2019). <i>Ngarrindjeri dictionary</i> (2nd (concise) ed.). Miwi-Inyeri Pelepi-Ambi Aboriginal Corporation (MIPAAC). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9946336-3-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9946336-3-7"><bdi>978-0-9946336-3-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ngarrindjeri+dictionary&rft.edition=2nd+%28concise%29&rft.pub=Miwi-Inyeri+Pelepi-Ambi+Aboriginal+Corporation+%28MIPAAC%29&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-9946336-3-7&rft.aulast=Gale&rft.aufirst=Mary-Anne&rft.au=Williams%2C+Phyllis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaleWilliams2020" class="citation book cs1">Gale, Mary-Anne; Williams, Phyllis (2020). <i>Ngarrindjeri dictionary</i> (3rd (complete) ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InDaily&rft.atitle=Rhyme+and+reclamation+with+the+Deadly+Nannas&rft.date=2019-08-13&rft.aulast=Skujins&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findaily.com.au%2Farts-and-culture%2F2019%2F08%2F14%2Frhyme-and-reclamation-with-the-deadly-nannas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc2021-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abc2021_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvins2021" class="citation web cs1">Evins, Brittany (11 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-11/aboriginal-women-singing-group-teaching-ngarrindjeri-language/100050788">"Aboriginal singers the Deadly Nannas are breathing new life into an ancient language"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Aboriginal+singers+the+Deadly+Nannas+are+breathing+new+life+into+an+ancient+language&rft.date=2021-04-11&rft.aulast=Evins&rft.aufirst=Brittany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2021-04-11%2Faboriginal-women-singing-group-teaching-ngarrindjeri-language%2F100050788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kendon, A. (1988) <i>Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia: Cultural, Semiotic and Communicative Perspectives.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bell-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bell_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Diane_Bell_(anthropologist)" title="Diane Bell (anthropologist)">Bell, Diane</a> (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ngarrindjeriwurr0000bell"><i>Ngarrindjeri Wurruwarrin: A World that Is, Was, and Will be</i></a></span>. Spinifex Press. pp. xiii–xiv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-875-55971-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-875-55971-8"><bdi>978-1-875-55971-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ngarrindjeri+Wurruwarrin%3A+A+World+that+Is%2C+Was%2C+and+Will+be&rft.pages=xiii-xiv&rft.pub=Spinifex+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-875-55971-8&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fngarrindjeriwurr0000bell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobson2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_William_Howitt" title="Alfred William Howitt">Hobson, John Robert</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V-ku44jjLEQC&pg=PA395"><i>Re-awakening Languages: Theory and Practice in the Revitalisation of Australia's Indigenous Languages</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Sydney_University_Press" title="Sydney University Press">Sydney University Press</a>. p. 398. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-920-89955-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-920-89955-4"><bdi>978-1-920-89955-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Re-awakening+Languages%3A+Theory+and+Practice+in+the+Revitalisation+of+Australia%27s+Indigenous+Languages&rft.pages=398&rft.pub=Sydney+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-920-89955-4&rft.aulast=Hobson&rft.aufirst=John+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV-ku44jjLEQC%26pg%3DPA395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerndtBerndt1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Berndt" title="Ronald Berndt">Berndt, Ronald M.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Berndt" title="Catherine Berndt">Berndt, Catherine H.</a> (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldthatwasyara0000bern"><i>A World That Was: The Yaraldi of the Murray River and the Lakes, South Australia</i></a></span>. Vancouver, Canada: UBC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7748-0478-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7748-0478-5"><bdi>0-7748-0478-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+World+That+Was%3A+The+Yaraldi+of+the+Murray+River+and+the+Lakes%2C+South+Australia&rft.place=Vancouver%2C+Canada&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-7748-0478-5&rft.aulast=Berndt&rft.aufirst=Ronald+M.&rft.au=Berndt%2C+Catherine+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldthatwasyara0000bern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerndt1940" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Berndt" title="Ronald Berndt">Berndt, R. M.</a> (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129844#page/301/mode/1up">"Notes on the sign-language of the Jaralde tribe of the Lower River Murray, South Australia"</a>. <i>Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia</i>. <b>64</b>: 267–272.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+South+Australia&rft.atitle=Notes+on+the+sign-language+of+the+Jaralde+tribe+of+the+Lower+River+Murray%2C+South+Australia&rft.volume=64&rft.pages=267-272&rft.date=1940&rft.aulast=Berndt&rft.aufirst=R.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F129844%23page%2F301%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCerin1994" class="citation thesis cs1">Cerin, Mark (1994). <i>The pronominal system of Yaraldi</i> (BA honours thesis). University of Melbourne. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11343%2F285608">11343/285608</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+pronominal+system+of+Yaraldi&rft.degree=BA+honours&rft.inst=University+of+Melbourne&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11343%2F285608&rft.aulast=Cerin&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGale1997" class="citation book cs1">Gale, Mary-Anne (1997). <i>Dhanum Djorra'wuy Dhawu: A history of writing in Aboriginal languages</i>. Underdale: Aboriginal Research Institute. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS031058220000612X">10.1017/S031058220000612X</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia_Bib_ID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia Bib ID (identifier)">NLA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/180661">180661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dhanum+Djorra%27wuy+Dhawu%3A+A+history+of+writing+in+Aboriginal+languages&rft.place=Underdale&rft.pub=Aboriginal+Research+Institute&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS031058220000612X&rft.aulast=Gale&rft.aufirst=Mary-Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald1977" class="citation book cs1">McDonald, Maryalyce (1977). <i>A study of the phonetics and phonology of Yaraldi and associated dialects</i>. Australian National University. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/2598642936">2598642936</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia_Bib_ID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia Bib ID (identifier)">NLA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2555049">2555049</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+study+of+the+phonetics+and+phonology+of+Yaraldi+and+associated+dialects&rft.pub=Australian+National+University&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Maryalyce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer1843" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_August_Wilhelm_Meyer" title="Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer">Meyer, H. A. E.</a> (1843). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/15074/1/Meyer_voc.pdf"><i>Vocabulary of the language spoken by the Aborigines of the southern and eastern portion of the settled districts of South Australia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Adelaide: James Allen. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2440%2F15074">2440/15074</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia_Bib_ID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia Bib ID (identifier)">NLA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1207234">1207234</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vocabulary+of+the+language+spoken+by+the+Aborigines+of+the+southern+and+eastern+portion+of+the+settled+districts+of+South+Australia&rft.place=Adelaide&rft.pub=James+Allen&rft.date=1843&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2440%2F15074&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=H.+A.+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.adelaide.edu.au%2Fdspace%2Fbitstream%2F2440%2F15074%2F1%2FMeyer_voc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaplin1879" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Taplin" title="George Taplin">Taplin, George</a> (1879). <i>The Folklore, Manners, Customs, and Languages of the South Australian Aborigines</i>. Adelaide: Government Printer. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia_Bib_ID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia Bib ID (identifier)">NLA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/223327">223327</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Folklore%2C+Manners%2C+Customs%2C+and+Languages+of+the+South+Australian+Aborigines&rft.place=Adelaide&rft.pub=Government+Printer&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Taplin&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaplin1892" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Taplin" title="George Taplin">Taplin, George</a> (1892). "Grammar of the language spoken by the Narrinyeri tribe in S. Australia". In Fraser, John (ed.). <i>An Australian Language</i>. Sydney: Government Printer. pp. 28–43 of appendix.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grammar+of+the+language+spoken+by+the+Narrinyeri+tribe+in+S.+Australia&rft.btitle=An+Australian+Language&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pages=28-43+of+appendix&rft.pub=Government+Printer&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Taplin&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYallopGrimwade1975" class="citation book cs1">Yallop, Colin; Grimwade, Gordon (1975). <i>Narinjari: an outline of the language studied by George Taplin, with Taplin's notes and comparative table</i>. Vol. 2. University of Sydney.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narinjari%3A+an+outline+of+the+language+studied+by+George+Taplin%2C+with+Taplin%27s+notes+and+comparative+table&rft.pub=University+of+Sydney&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Yallop&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.au=Grimwade%2C+Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngarrindjeri_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guides.slsa.sa.gov.au/Aboriginal_peopleSA/Ngarrindjeri">"Aboriginal people of South Australia: Ngarrindjeri"</a>. <i>LibGuides at <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_South_Australia" title="State Library of South Australia">State Library of South Australia</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LibGuides+at+State+Library+of+South+Australia&rft.atitle=Aboriginal+people+of+South+Australia%3A+Ngarrindjeri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguides.slsa.sa.gov.au%2FAboriginal_peopleSA%2FNgarrindjeri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobilelanguageteam.com.au/languages/ngarrindjeri/">"Ngarrindjeri"</a>. <i>Mobile Language Team</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mobile+Language+Team&rft.atitle=Ngarrindjeri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmobilelanguageteam.com.au%2Flanguages%2Fngarrindjeri%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobilelanguageteam.com.au/languages/yaraldi/">"Yaraldi"</a>. <i>Mobile Language Team</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mobile+Language+Team&rft.atitle=Yaraldi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmobilelanguageteam.com.au%2Flanguages%2Fyaraldi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANgarrindjeri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_South_Australians" title="Template:Aboriginal South Australians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aboriginal_South_Australians" title="Template talk:Aboriginal South Australians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aboriginal_South_Australians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aboriginal South Australians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aboriginal_peoples_of_South_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_peoples_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal peoples of South Australia">Aboriginal peoples of South Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adnyamathanha" title="Adnyamathanha">Adnyamathanha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antakirinja_people" title="Antakirinja people">Antakirinja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabana_people" title="Arabana people">Arabana</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barngarla_people" title="Barngarla people">Barngarla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bodaruwitj" title="Bodaruwitj">Bodaruwitj</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bungandidj_people" title="Bungandidj people">Bungandidj</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dhirari" title="Dhirari">Dhirari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diyari" title="Diyari">Dieri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jarildekald_people" title="Jarildekald people">Jarildekald</a>, (including the <a href="/wiki/Mulbarapa" title="Mulbarapa">Mulbarapa</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karangura" title="Karangura">Karangura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kaurna" title="Kaurna">Kaurna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokatha" title="Kokatha">Kokatha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kuyani" title="Kuyani">Kuyani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malyangapa" title="Malyangapa">Malyangapa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maralinga_Tjarutja" title="Maralinga Tjarutja">Maralinga Tjarutja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mardidjali" title="Mardidjali">Mardidjali</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Meintangk_people" title="Meintangk people">Meintangk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mirning" title="Mirning">Mirning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narungga" title="Narungga">Narungga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nauo_people" title="Nauo people">Nauo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngaanyatjarra" title="Ngaanyatjarra">Ngaanyatjarra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngadjuri" title="Ngadjuri">Ngadjuri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngayawang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngayawang">Ngayawang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngalia_(Western_Desert)" title="Ngalia (Western Desert)">Ngalia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngameni" title="Ngameni">Ngameni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngangaruku" title="Ngangaruku">Ngangaruku</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngaralda" title="Ngaralda">Ngaralda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngarkat" title="Ngarkat">Ngarkat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngarrindjeri" title="Ngarrindjeri">Ngarrindjeri</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngawadj" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngawadj">Ngawadj</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngintait" title="Ngintait">Ngintait</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngurunta" title="Ngurunta">Ngurunta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nukunu" title="Nukunu">Nukunu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peramangk" title="Peramangk">Peramangk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pilatapa" title="Pilatapa">Pilatapa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pitjantjatjara" title="Pitjantjatjara">Pitjantjatjara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portaulun_people" title="Portaulun people">Portaulun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ramindjeri" title="Ramindjeri">Ramindjeri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tanganekald_people" title="Tanganekald people">Tanganekald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thangkaali" title="Thangkaali">Thangkaali</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wailpi" title="Wailpi">Wailpi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warki" title="Warki">Warki</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_cultural_bloc" title="Western Desert cultural bloc">Western Desert people</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wirangu_people" title="Wirangu people">Wirangu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wongkanguru" class="mw-redirect" title="Wongkanguru">Wongkanguru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yandruwandha_people" title="Yandruwandha people">Yandruwandha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yankunytjatjara" title="Yankunytjatjara">Yankunytjatjara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yardliyawara" title="Yardliyawara">Yardliyawara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yarluyandi" title="Yarluyandi">Yarluyandi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yawarrawarrka" title="Yawarrawarrka">Yawarrawarrka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yirawirung" class="mw-redirect" title="Yirawirung">Yirawirung</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anangu_Pitjantjatjara_Yankunytjatjara" class="mw-redirect" title="Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara">APY Lands</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amata,_South_Australia" title="Amata, South Australia">Amaṯa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iltur" title="Iltur">Iltur</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indulkana" title="Indulkana">Indulkana</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kalka,_South_Australia" title="Kalka, South Australia">Kalka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kaltjiti" title="Kaltjiti">Kaltjiti</a> (Fregon)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kanpi" title="Kanpi">Kaṉpi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Makiri,_South_Australia" title="Makiri, South Australia">Makiri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mimili,_South_Australia" title="Mimili, South Australia">Mimili</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mintabie,_South_Australia" title="Mintabie, South Australia">Mintabie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nyapari" title="Nyapari">Nyapaṟi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pipalyatjara,_South_Australia" title="Pipalyatjara, South Australia">Pipalyatjara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pukatja,_South_Australia" title="Pukatja, South Australia">Pukatja</a> (Ernabella)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Umuwa,_South_Australia" title="Umuwa, South Australia">Umuwa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Watarru" title="Watarru">Watarru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yunyarinyi" title="Yunyarinyi">Yunyarinyi</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akenta" class="mw-redirect" title="Akenta">Akenta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poonindie,_South_Australia" title="Poonindie, South Australia">Poonindie</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Davenport,_South_Australia" title="Davenport, South Australia">Davenport</a> (Umeewarra)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Community_Council" title="Gerard Community Council">Gerard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Koonibba" title="Koonibba">Koonibba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manunka" title="Manunka">Manunka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nepabunna,_South_Australia" title="Nepabunna, South Australia">Nepabunna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oak_Valley,_South_Australia" title="Oak Valley, South Australia">Oak Valley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Point_Pearce,_South_Australia" title="Point Pearce, South Australia">Point Pearce</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raukkan,_South_Australia" title="Raukkan, South Australia">Raukkan</a> (Point McLeay)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Swan_Reach,_South_Australia" title="Swan Reach, South Australia">Swan Reach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yalata,_South_Australia" title="Yalata, South Australia">Yalata</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Colebrook_Home" title="Colebrook Home">Colebrook</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Killalpaninna_Mission" title="Killalpaninna Mission">Killalpaninna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ooldea,_South_Australia" title="Ooldea, South Australia">Ooldea</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Abdulla" title="Ian Abdulla">Ian Abdulla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josie_Agius" title="Josie Agius">Josie Agius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Baker_(Australian_artist)" title="Jimmy Baker (Australian artist)">Jimmy Baker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maringka_Baker" title="Maringka Baker">Maringka Baker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Poltpalingada_Booboorowie" title="Poltpalingada Booboorowie">Poltpalingada Booboorowie</a> (Tom Walker)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richie_Bray" title="Richie Bray">Richie Bray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Buckskin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Buckskin">Jack Buckskin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iris_Burgoyne" title="Iris Burgoyne">Iris Burgoyne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Burgoyne" title="Peter Burgoyne">Peter Burgoyne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Burgoyne" title="Shaun Burgoyne">Shaun Burgoyne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hector_Burton" title="Hector Burton">Hector Burton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Buzzacott" title="Kevin Buzzacott">Kevin Buzzacott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Cooper_(footballer)" title="Malcolm Cooper (footballer)">Malcolm Cooper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vince_Copley" title="Vince Copley">Vince Copley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nyakul_Dawson" title="Nyakul Dawson">Nyakul Dawson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deadly_Nannas" title="Deadly Nannas">Deadly Nannas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Elphick" title="Gladys Elphick">Gladys Elphick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Goldsmith" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevie Goldsmith">Stevie Goldsmith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Goodes" title="Adam Goodes">Adam Goodes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tuppy_Ngintja_Goodwin" title="Tuppy Ngintja Goodwin">Tuppy Ngintja Goodwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Graham" title="Cecil Graham">Cecil Graham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Graham_(footballer,_born_1958)" title="Colin Graham (footballer, born 1958)">Colin Graham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Graham_(footballer)" title="Michael Graham (footballer)">Michael Graham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Hammond" title="Ruby Hammond">Ruby Hammond</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Hunter" title="Ruby Hunter">Ruby Hunter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ivaritji" title="Ivaritji">Ivaritji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tjungkara_Ken" title="Tjungkara Ken">Tjungkara Ken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kudnarto" title="Kudnarto">Kudnarto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natascha_McNamara" title="Natascha McNamara">Natascha McNamara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patty_Mills" title="Patty Mills">Patty Mills</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Betty_Muffler" title="Betty Muffler">Betty Muffler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Nicholls" title="Douglas Nicholls">Douglas Nicholls</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_O%27Brien_(Kaurna_elder)" title="Lewis O'Brien (Kaurna elder)">Lewis O'Brien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lowitja_O%27Donoghue" title="Lowitja O'Donoghue">Lowitja O'Donoghue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Loughlin" title="Michael O'Loughlin">Michael O'Loughlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alitya_Rigney" title="Alitya Rigney">Alitya Rigney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frances_Rings" title="Frances Rings">Frances Rings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nura_Rupert" title="Nura Rupert">Nura Rupert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tauto_Sansbury" title="Tauto Sansbury">Tauto Sansbury</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Yaritja_Stevens" title="Eileen Yaritja Stevens">Eileen Yaritja Stevens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moogy_Sumner" title="Moogy Sumner">Moogy Sumner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faith_Thomas" title="Faith Thomas">Faith Thomas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Unaipon" title="David Unaipon">David Unaipon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Unaipon" title="James Unaipon">James Unaipon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Wanganeen" title="Gavin Wanganeen">Gavin Wanganeen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natasha_Wanganeen" title="Natasha Wanganeen">Natasha Wanganeen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Wikilyiri" title="Ginger Wikilyiri">Ginger Wikilyiri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norah_Wilson" title="Norah Wilson">Norah Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chad_Wingard" title="Chad Wingard">Chad Wingard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tjayanka_Woods" title="Tjayanka Woods">Tjayanka Woods</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Legal_Rights_Movement" title="Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement">Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anangu_Pitjantjatjara_Yankunytjatjara" class="mw-redirect" title="Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara">Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anangu_Schools" title="Anangu Schools">Aṉangu schools</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Koonibba_Football_Club" title="Koonibba Football Club">Koonibba Football Club</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kupa_Piti_Kungka_Tjuta" title="Kupa Piti Kungka Tjuta">Kupa Piṯi Kungka Tjuṯa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maralinga_Tjarutja" title="Maralinga Tjarutja">Maralinga Tjarutja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nunga_Court" title="Nunga Court">Nunga Court</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tauondi_Aboriginal_College" title="Tauondi Aboriginal College">Tauondi Aboriginal College</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aboriginal_schools_in_South_Australia" title="List of Aboriginal schools in South Australia">List of Aboriginal schools</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology" title="Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology">Religion</a> and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arkaroo" title="Arkaroo">Arkaroo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dreamtime" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreamtime">'Dreamtime'</a> (<i>muda</i>, <i>mura-mura</i>, <i>tjukurrpa</i>, etc.)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tjilbruke" title="Tjilbruke">Tjilbruke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muldjewangk" title="Muldjewangk">Muldjewangk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngi%E1%B9%89%E1%B9%AFaka" title="Ngiṉṯaka">Ngiṉṯaka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wati-kutjara" title="Wati-kutjara">Wati-kutjara</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous protected areas:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Watarru_Indigenous_Protected_Area" title="Watarru Indigenous Protected Area">Watarru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Willoughby_Indigenous_Protected_Area" title="Mount Willoughby Indigenous Protected Area">Mount Willoughby</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Co-managed protected areas:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dhilba_Guuranda-Innes_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park">Dhilba Guuranda-Innes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Price_Conservation_Park" title="Elliot Price Conservation Park">Elliot Price Conservation Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gawler_Ranges_National_Park" title="Gawler Ranges National Park">Gawler Ranges National Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kati_Thanda-Lake_Eyre_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre National Park"> Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre National Park (part)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kanku-Breakaways_Conservation_Park" title="Kanku-Breakaways Conservation Park">Kanku-Breakaways Conservation Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Gairdner_National_Park" title="Lake Gairdner National Park">Lake Gairdner National Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ikara%E2%80%93Flinders_Ranges_National_Park" title="Ikara–Flinders Ranges National Park">Ikara–Flinders Ranges National Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Innamincka_Regional_Reserve" title="Innamincka Regional Reserve">Innamincka Regional Reserve</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malkumba-Coongie_Lakes_National_Park" title="Malkumba-Coongie Lakes National Park">Malkumba-Coongie Lakes National Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mamungari_Conservation_Park" title="Mamungari Conservation Park">Mamungari Conservation Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngaut_Ngaut_Conservation_Park" title="Ngaut Ngaut Conservation Park">Ngaut Ngaut Conservation Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nullarbor_Wilderness_Protection_Area" title="Nullarbor Wilderness Protection Area">Nullarbor Wilderness Protection Area</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nullarbor_Regional_Reserve" title="Nullarbor Regional Reserve">Nullarbor Regional Reserve</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pureba_Conservation_Park" title="Pureba Conservation Park">Pureba Conservation Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strzelecki_Regional_Reserve" title="Strzelecki Regional Reserve">Strzelecki Regional Reserve</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vulkathunha-Gammon_Ranges_National_Park" title="Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park">Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wapma_Thura%E2%80%93Southern_Flinders_Ranges_National_Park" title="Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park">Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wabma_Kadarbu_Mound_Springs_Conservation_Park" title="Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park">Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Witjira_National_Park" title="Witjira National Park">Witjira National Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yumbarra_Conservation_Park" title="Yumbarra Conservation Park">Yumbarra Conservation Park</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adnyamathanha_language" title="Adnyamathanha language">Adnyamathanha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antakarinya_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Antakarinya dialect">Antakirinja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabana_language" title="Arabana language">Arabana</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barngarla_language" title="Barngarla language">Barngarla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diyari_language" title="Diyari language">Dieri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kaurna_language" title="Kaurna language">Kaurna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narungga_language" title="Narungga language">Narungga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngadjuri_language" title="Ngadjuri language">Ngadjuri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngamini_language" title="Ngamini language">Ngamini (Yarluyandi)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ngarrindjeri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paakantyi_(Darling_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paakantyi (Darling language)">Paakantyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wangganguru_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangganguru dialect">Wangkangurru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_language" title="Western Desert language">Western Desert language</a> (dialects: <a href="/wiki/Pitjantjatjara_dialect" title="Pitjantjatjara dialect">Pitjantjatjara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yankunytjatjara_dialect" title="Yankunytjatjara dialect">Yankunytjatjara</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wirangu_language" title="Wirangu language">Wirangu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yandruwandha_language" title="Yandruwandha language">Yandruwandha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yarli_language" title="Yarli language">Yarli (Malyangapa)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yuyu_language" title="Yuyu language">Yuyu</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language groups:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Murray_languages" title="Lower Murray languages">Lower Murray languages</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thura-Yura_languages" title="Thura-Yura languages">Thura-Yura languages</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_sign_languages" title="Australian Aboriginal sign languages">Sign languages</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Words:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A%E1%B9%89angu" title="Aṉangu">Aṉangu (Western Desert language)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nunga" title="Nunga">Nunga (Aboriginal English)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Heritage_Act_1988" title="Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988">Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Lands_Trust_Act_1966" title="Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966">Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Witnesses_Act" title="Aboriginal Witnesses Act">Aboriginal Witnesses Act</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Anangu_Pitjantjatjara_Yankunytjatjara_Land_Rights_Act_1981" title="Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981">Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_laws_concerning_Indigenous_Australians" title="List of laws concerning Indigenous Australians">Laws concerning Indigenous Australians</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_Patent_establishing_the_Province_of_South_Australia" title="Letters Patent establishing the Province of South Australia">Letters Patent</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cases:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_native_title_claims_in_South_Australia" title="List of native title claims in South Australia">List of native title claims in South Australia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_reserve" title="Aboriginal reserve">Aboriginal reserve</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aborigines%27_Friends%27_Association" title="Aborigines' Friends' Association">Aborigines' Friends' Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Protection_Board" title="Aboriginal Protection Board">Aborigines Protection Board</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australian_frontier_wars" title="Australian frontier wars">Australian frontier wars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Avenue_Range_Station_massacre" title="Avenue Range Station massacre">Avenue Range Station massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_colonisation_of_South_Australia" title="British colonisation of South Australia">British colonisation of South Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_nuclear_tests_at_Maralinga" title="British nuclear tests at Maralinga">British nuclear tests at Maralinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/McClelland_Royal_Commission" title="McClelland Royal Commission">Royal Commission</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hindmarsh_Island_Bridge_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindmarsh Island Bridge controversy">Hindmarsh Island Bridge controversy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hindmarsh_Island_Royal_Commission" title="Hindmarsh Island Royal Commission">Royal Commission</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Australia" title="History of South Australia">History of South Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maria_massacre" title="Maria massacre"><i>Maria</i> massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Destitute_Asylum" title="Adelaide Destitute Asylum">Native School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Protector_of_Aborigines" title="Protector of Aborigines">Protector of Aborigines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Aborigines_(1913)" title="Royal Commission on the Aborigines (1913)">Royal Commission on the Aborigines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St_Francis_House" title="St Francis House">St Francis House</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stolen_Generations" title="Stolen Generations">Stolen Generations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bringing_Them_Home" title="Bringing Them Home">Federal Parliamentary inquiry</a>))</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Aborigines_Mission" title="United Aborigines Mission">United Aborigines Mission</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Bay_massacre" title="Waterloo Bay massacre">Waterloo Bay massacre</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist" style="font-weight: bold;"> <dl><dt><span class="nowrap">By state or territory</span></dt> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_New_South_Wales" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples in New South Wales">New South Wales</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Queensland" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Queensland">Queensland</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_South_Australians" title="Template:Aboriginal South Australians">South Australia</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_Tasmania" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples in Tasmania">Tasmania</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Victoria_(state)" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Victoria (state)">Victoria</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Western_Australia" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></span></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pama–Nyungan_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Template:Pama–Nyungan languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Template talk:Pama–Nyungan languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pama–Nyungan languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pama–Nyungan_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Paman_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Paman_languages" title="Paman languages">Paman languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adithinngithigh_language" title="Adithinngithigh language">Adithinngithigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andjingith_language" title="Andjingith language">Andjingith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguthimri_language" title="Anguthimri language">Anguthimri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arritinngithigh_language" title="Arritinngithigh language">Arritinngithigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awngthim_language" title="Awngthim language">Awngthim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luthigh_language" title="Luthigh language">Luthigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbiywom_language" title="Mbiywom language">Mbiywom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndrangith_language" title="Ndrangith language">Ndrangith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngkoth_language" title="Ngkoth language">Ngkoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uradhi_language" title="Uradhi language">Uradhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Northeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umpila_language" title="Umpila language">Umpila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Wik_languages" title="Wik languages">Wik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayabadhu_language" title="Ayabadhu language">Ayabadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugu_Nganhcara_language" title="Kugu Nganhcara language">Kugu-Muminh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakanha_language" title="Pakanha language">Pakanha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wik-Me%27nh_language" title="Wik-Me'nh language">Wik-Me'nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wik_Mungkan_language" title="Wik Mungkan language">Wik-Mungkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wik-Ngathan_language" title="Wik-Ngathan language">Wik-Ngathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wik_Ompom_language" title="Wik Ompom language">Wik-Ompom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Lamalamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamalama_language" title="Lamalama language">Lamalama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrobolam_language" title="Morrobolam language">Morrobolam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Yalanjic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrow_Point_language" title="Barrow Point language">Barrow Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guugu_Yalandji_language" title="Guugu Yalandji language">Gugu Yalandyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guugu_Yimithirr_language" title="Guugu Yimithirr language">Guugu Yimidhirr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Paman_languages" title="Southwestern Paman languages">Southwest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koko-Bera_language" title="Koko-Bera language">Koko-Bera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugu_Dhaw_language" title="Gugu Dhaw language">Kok Thawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunjen_language" title="Kunjen language">Kunjen</a> <ul><li>Ogh-Undjan</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuuk_Thaayorre_language" title="Kuuk Thaayorre language">Kuuk Thaayorre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuuk_Yak_language" title="Kuuk Yak language">Kuuk Yak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yir-Yoront_language" title="Yir-Yoront language">Yir-Yoront</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Norman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurdjar_language" title="Gurdjar language">Kurtjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gkuthaarn_language" title="Gkuthaarn language">Kuthant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Thaypan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alungul_language" title="Alungul language">Alungul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angkula_language" title="Angkula language">Angkula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghu_Tharrnggala_language" title="Aghu Tharrnggala language">Aghu Tharrnggala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikarranggal_language" title="Ikarranggal language">Ikarranggal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalaka_language" title="Tagalaka language">Takalak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugu_Thaypan_language" title="Gugu Thaypan language">Thaypan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wamin_language" title="Wamin language">Agwamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbara-Yanga_language" title="Mbara-Yanga language">Mbara-Yanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbabaram_language" title="Mbabaram language">Mbabaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walangama_language" title="Walangama language">Walangama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djabugay_language" title="Djabugay language">Djabugay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flinders_Island_language" title="Flinders Island language">Flinders Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukatj_language" title="Kukatj language">Gugadj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kok-Nar_language" title="Kok-Nar language">Kok Narr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbariman-Gudhinma_language" title="Mbariman-Gudhinma language">Mbariman-Gudhinma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umpithamu_language" title="Umpithamu language">Umbindhamu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Eastern_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_states_of_Australia" title="Eastern states of Australia">Eastern</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Dyirbalic_languages" title="Dyirbalic languages">Dyirbalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyirbal_language" title="Dyirbal language">Dyirbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyawaygi_language" title="Nyawaygi language">Nyawaygi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrgamay_language" title="Warrgamay language">Warrgamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulguru_language" title="Wulguru language">Wulguru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Maric_languages" title="Maric languages">Maric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidjara_language" title="Bidjara language">Bidjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biri_language" title="Biri language">Biri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingkel_languages" title="Kingkel languages">Kingkel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayali_language" title="Bayali language">Bayali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darumbal_language" title="Darumbal language">Darumbal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrongo_language" title="Warrongo language">Warrongo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Waka%E2%80%93Kabic_languages" title="Waka–Kabic languages">Waka–Kabic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barunggam_language" title="Barunggam language">Barunggam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulua_language" title="Tulua language">Dappil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubbi_Gubbi_language" title="Gubbi Gubbi language">Gabi-Gabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taribelang_language" title="Taribelang language">Gureng Gureng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakka_Wakka_language" title="Wakka Wakka language">Wakawaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulli_Wulli_language" title="Wulli Wulli language">Wuliwuli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Durubalic_languages" title="Durubalic languages">Durubalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guwar_language" title="Guwar language">Guwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janday_language" title="Janday language">Janday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunukul_language" title="Nunukul language">Nunukul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turrbal_language" title="Turrbal language">Turrbal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Gumbaynggiric_languages" title="Gumbaynggiric languages">Gumbaynggiric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumbainggar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumbainggar language">Kumbainggar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaygir_language" title="Yaygir language">Yaygir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Wiradhuric_languages" title="Wiradhuric languages">Wiradhuric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamilaraay_language" title="Gamilaraay language">Gamilaraay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngiyambaa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngiyambaa language">Ngiyambaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiradjuri_language" title="Wiradjuri language">Wiradjuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Yuin%E2%80%93Kuric_languages" title="Yuin–Kuric languages">Yuin–Kuric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awabakal_language" title="Awabakal language">Awabakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkinjung_language" title="Darkinjung language">Darkinjung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharug_language" title="Dharug language">Dharug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanggati_language" title="Dhanggati language">Dhanggati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarigo_language" title="Ngarigo language">Ngarigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngunnawal_language" title="Ngunnawal language">Ngunnawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharawal_languages" title="Tharawal languages">Tharawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worimi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Worimi language">Wormi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Gippsland_languages" title="Gippsland languages">Gippsland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhudhuroa_language" title="Dhudhuroa language">Dhudhuroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunaikurnai_language" title="Gunaikurnai language">Gunaikurnai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallanganmiddang_language" title="Pallanganmiddang language">Pallanganmiddang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anewan_language" title="Anewan language">Anewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugambeh%E2%80%93Bundjalung_languages" title="Yugambeh–Bundjalung languages">Bandjalang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaw_Lagaw_Ya" title="Kalaw Lagaw Ya">Kalaw Lagaw Ya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidiny_language" title="Yidiny language">Yidiny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Southern_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Australia" title="Southern Australia">Southern</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Yotayotic_languages" title="Yotayotic languages">Yotayotic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yabula-Yabula_language" title="Yabula-Yabula language">Yabula-Yabula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorta_Yorta_language" title="Yorta Yorta language">Yotayota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kulinic_languages" title="Kulinic languages">Kulinic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gulidjan_language" title="Gulidjan language">Kolakngat</a> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kulin_languages" title="Kulin languages">Kulin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boonwurrung_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Boonwurrung language">Bunurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djadjawurrung_language" title="Djadjawurrung language">Dja Dja Wurrung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latji-Latji_language" title="Latji-Latji language">Ledji-Ledji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhi_Madhi_language" title="Madhi Madhi language">Madhi-Madhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Wadi_language" title="Wadi Wadi language">Wadi-Wadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadawurrung_language" title="Wadawurrung language">Wathaurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemba_Wemba_language" title="Wemba Wemba language">Wemba Wemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woiwurrung%E2%80%93Taungurung_language" title="Woiwurrung–Taungurung language">Woiwurrung–Taungurung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drual_languages" title="Drual languages">Drual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bungandidj_language" title="Bungandidj language">Bungandidj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhauwurd_Wurrung_language" title="Dhauwurd Wurrung language">Dhauwurd Wurrung</a> <ul><li>Kuurn Kopan Noot</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaran_language" title="Yaran language">Yaran</a> (Bindjali)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Murray_languages" title="Lower Murray languages">Lower Murray</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kureinji_language" title="Kureinji language">Keramin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngayawung_language" title="Ngayawung language">Ngayawung</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yaralde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitha_Yitha_language" title="Yitha Yitha language">Yitha-Yitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyu_language" title="Yuyu language">Yuyu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Thura-Yura_languages" title="Thura-Yura languages">Thura-Yura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adnyamathanha_language" title="Adnyamathanha language">Adnyamathanha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barngarla_language" title="Barngarla language">Barngarla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaurna_language" title="Kaurna language">Kaurna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnyamathanha_language" title="Adnyamathanha language">Kuyani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narungga_language" title="Narungga language">Narungga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauo_language" title="Nauo language">Nauo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngadjuri_language" title="Ngadjuri language">Ngadjuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukunu_language" title="Nukunu language">Nukunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirangu_language" title="Wirangu language">Wirangu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Mirning_languages" title="Mirning languages">Mirniny</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirning_language" title="Mirning language">Mirning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngadjunmaya_language" title="Ngadjunmaya language">Ngadjunmaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Nyungic_languages" title="Nyungic languages">Nyungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galaagu_language" title="Galaagu language">Galaagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaamaya_language" title="Kalaamaya language">Kalaamaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natingero_language" title="Natingero language">Natingero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noongar_language" title="Noongar language">Nyungar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Western_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kartu_languages" title="Kartu languages">Kartu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badimaya_language" title="Badimaya language">Badimaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malgana_language" title="Malgana language">Malgana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thaagurda_language" title="Thaagurda language">Thaagurda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nhanda_language" title="Nhanda language">Nhanda</a>–<a href="/wiki/Nhanhagardi_language" title="Nhanhagardi language">Nhanhagardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wajarri_language" title="Wajarri language">Wajarri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinggarda_language" title="Yinggarda language">Yinggarda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kanyara%E2%80%93Mantharta_languages" title="Kanyara–Mantharta languages">Kanyara–Mantharta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanyara_languages" title="Kanyara languages">Kanyara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burduna_language" title="Burduna language">Burduna</a>–Baiyungu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalanyji_language" title="Thalanyji language">Thalanyji</a>–Pinikura</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantharta_language" title="Mantharta language">Mantharta</a> <ul><li>Tharrgari</li> <li>Warriyangka</li> <li>Thiin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiwarli_dialect" title="Jiwarli dialect">Jiwarli</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ngayarda_languages" title="Ngayarda languages">Ngayarta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurruru_language" title="Jurruru language">Jurruru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrama_language" title="Kurrama language">Kurrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martuthunira_language" title="Martuthunira language">Martuthunira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarla_language" title="Ngarla language">Ngarla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarluma_language" title="Ngarluma language">Ngarluma-Kariyarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nhuwala_language" title="Nhuwala language">Nhuwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyamal_language" title="Nyamal language">Nyamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyiyaparli_language" title="Nyiyaparli language">Nyiyaparli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyjima_language" title="Panyjima language">Panyjima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinjibarndi_language" title="Yinjibarndi language">Yindjibarndi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinhawangka_language" title="Yinhawangka language">Yinhawangka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Marrngu_languages" title="Marrngu languages">Marrngu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garadjari_language" title="Garadjari language">Karajarri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarla_language" title="Mangarla language">Mangala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyangumarta_language" title="Nyangumarta language">Nyangumarta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Northern_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Australia" title="Northern Australia">Northern</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ngumpin%E2%80%93Yapa_languages" title="Ngumpin–Yapa languages">Ngumpin–Yapa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngarrkic_languages" title="Ngarrkic languages">Ngarrga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngumbin_languages" title="Ngumbin languages">Ngumbin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Warumungu_language" title="Warumungu language">Warumungu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warumungu_language" title="Warumungu language">Warumungu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ngarna_languages" title="Ngarna languages">Warluwaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wagaya_language" title="Wagaya language">Wagaya</a> <ul><li>Bularnu</li> <li>Yindjilandji</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warluwarra_language" title="Warluwarra language">Warluwarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanyuwa_language" title="Yanyuwa language">Yanyuwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kalkatungic_languages" title="Kalkatungic languages">Kalkatungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalkatungu_language" title="Kalkatungu language">Kalkatungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalarnnga_language" title="Yalarnnga language">Yalarnnga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Mayabic_languages" title="Mayabic languages">Mayi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayi-Kulan_language" title="Mayi-Kulan language">Mayi-Kulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayi-Kutuna_language" title="Mayi-Kutuna language">Mayi-Kutuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawun_language" title="Ngawun language">Ngawun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Central_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Central_Australia" title="Central Australia">Central</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Wati_languages" title="Wati languages">Wati</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngardi_language" title="Ngardi language">Ngardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warnman_language" title="Warnman language">Wanman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_language" title="Western Desert language">Western Desert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Arandic_languages" title="Arandic languages">Arandic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrernte_language" title="Arrernte language">Arrernte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaytetye_language" title="Kaytetye language">Kaytetye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Arrernte_language" title="Lower Arrernte language">Lower Arrernte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertame_language" title="Pertame language">Pertame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Karnic_languages" title="Karnic languages">Karnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabana_language" title="Arabana language">Arabana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyari_language" title="Diyari language">Diyari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithaka_language" title="Mithaka language">Mithaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngamini_language" title="Ngamini language">Ngamini</a> <ul><li>Yarluyandi</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngura_languages" title="Ngura languages">Ngura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitta_Pitta_language" title="Pitta Pitta language">Pitta Pitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanggamala_language" title="Wanggamala language">Wanggamala</a> <ul><li>Wangka-Yutjurru</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_River_language" title="Wilson River language">Wilson River</a> <ul><li>Bundhamara</li> <li>new Wangkumara/Garlali</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandruwandha_language" title="Yandruwandha language">Yandruwandha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paakantyi_language" title="Paakantyi language">Baagandji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalali_language" title="Kalali language">Bulloo River</a> <ul><li>old Wangkumara/Garlali</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muruwari_language" title="Muruwari language">Muruwari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barranbinja_language" title="Barranbinja language">Barranbinja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarli_language" title="Yarli language">Yardli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Other_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Yol%C5%8Bu_languages" title="Yolŋu languages">Yolŋu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhangu-Djangu_language" title="Dhangu-Djangu language">Dhaŋu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhuwal_language" title="Dhuwal language">Dhuwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhangu-Djangu_language" title="Dhangu-Djangu language">Djaŋu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djinba_language" title="Djinba language">Djinba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djinang_language" title="Djinang language">Djinaŋ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritharrngu_language" title="Ritharrngu language">Ritharrŋu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nhangu_language" title="Nhangu language">Nhaŋu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Burdekin_languages" title="Lower Burdekin languages">Lower Burdekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindal_language" title="Bindal language">Bindal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Macro-Pama–Nyungan?" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Macro-Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Macro-Pama–Nyungan languages">Macro-Pama–Nyungan?</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Macro-Gunwinyguan_languages" title="Macro-Gunwinyguan languages">Macro-Gunwinyguan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maningrida_languages" title="Maningrida languages">Maningrida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burarra_language" title="Burarra language">Burarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndj%C3%A9bbana_language" title="Ndjébbana language">Ndjébbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurr-Goni_language" title="Gurr-Goni language">Gurr-goni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakkara_language" title="Nakkara language">Nakkara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mangarrayi-Marran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawa_language" title="Alawa language">Alawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarrayi_language" title="Mangarrayi language">Mangarrayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marra_language" title="Marra language">Marra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warndarrang_language" title="Warndarrang language">Warndarrang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugul_language" title="Yugul language">Yugul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gunwinyguan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawoyn_language" title="Jawoyn language">Jawoyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwinymil_language" title="Uwinymil language">Uwinymil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warray_language" title="Warray language">Waray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwinjku_dialect" title="Kunwinjku dialect">Kunwinjku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalabon_language" title="Dalabon language">Dalabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunbarlang_language" title="Gunbarlang language">Kunbarlang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngalakgan_language" title="Ngalakgan language">Ngalakgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rembarrnga_language" title="Rembarrnga language">Rembarrnga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngandi_language" title="Ngandi language">Ngandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunggubuyu_language" title="Nunggubuyu language">Nunggubuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anindilyakwa_language" title="Anindilyakwa language">Anindilyakwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaagudju_language" title="Gaagudju language">Gaagudju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kungarakany_language" title="Kungarakany language">Kungarakany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardaman_language" title="Wardaman language">Wardaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagiman_language" title="Wagiman language">Wagiman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Tangkic_languages" title="Tangkic languages">Tangkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kayardild_language" title="Kayardild language">Kayardild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lardil_language" title="Lardil language">Lardil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingginda_language" title="Mingginda language">Minkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukulta_language" title="Yukulta language">Gangalidda (Yukulta)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Garawan_languages" title="Garawan languages">Garrwan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garrwa_language" title="Garrwa language">Garrwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunindiri_language" title="Gunindiri language">Gunindiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waanyi_language" title="Waanyi language">Waanyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ngarrindjeri_language&oldid=1254211323#Sign_language">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ngarrindjeri_language&oldid=1254211323#Sign_language</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lower_Murray_languages" title="Category:Lower Murray languages">Lower 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