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id="toc-Ancient_Greek_colony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Greek_colony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ancient Greek colony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Greek_colony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_and_Byzantine_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_and_Byzantine_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Roman and Byzantine periods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_and_Byzantine_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_province" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_province"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Ottoman province</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_province-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_colonial_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_colonial_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Italian colonial rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_colonial_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_Benghazi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_Benghazi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Contemporary Benghazi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_Benghazi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>2011 Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_attack_on_U.S._diplomatic_mission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_attack_on_U.S._diplomatic_mission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>2012 attack on U.S. diplomatic mission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_attack_on_U.S._diplomatic_mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Libyan_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Libyan_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Second Libyan Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Libyan_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Population-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Population subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natural_recreation_and_parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_recreation_and_parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Natural recreation and parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_recreation_and_parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Benghazi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 91 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="بنغازي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنغازي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB" title="Պենկազի – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պենկազի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengasi" title="Bengasi – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bengasi" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benqazi" title="Benqazi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Benqazi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="বেনগাজি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেনগাজি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Бенгазі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бенгазі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengasi" title="Bengasi – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bengasi" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Бенгази – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бенгази" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengazi" title="Bengazi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bengazi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengasi" title="Bengasi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bengasi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengh%C3%A1z%C3%AD" title="Benghází – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Benghází" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengasi" title="Bengasi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bengasi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengasi" title="Bengasi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bengasi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%B6%CE%B7" title="Βεγγάζη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βεγγάζη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengasi" title="Bengasi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bengasi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengazi" title="Bengazi – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bengazi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengasi" title="Bengasi – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Bengasi" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengazi" title="Bengazi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bengazi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="بنغازی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنغازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengazy" title="Bengazy – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bengazy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%B5%EA%B0%80%EC%A7%80" title="벵가지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벵가지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB" title="Բենգազի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բենգազի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="बेनगाज़ी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बेनगाज़ी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengazi" title="Bengazi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bengazi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengasi" title="Bengasi – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bengasi" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Бенгази – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бенгази" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengasi" title="Bengasi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bengasi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%90%D7%96%D7%99" title="בנגאזי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בנגאזי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ბენღაზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბენღაზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Бенгази – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бенгази" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berenice_(Libya)" title="Berenice (Libya) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Berenice (Libya)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beng%C4%81z%C4%AB" title="Bengāzī – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bengāzī" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengazis" title="Bengazis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bengazis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beng%C3%A1zi" title="Bengázi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bengázi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%80" title="बेनगाझी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बेनगाझी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%89" title="بنغازى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بنغازى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="بنغازی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بنغازی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi_(stad)" title="Benghazi (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Benghazi (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8" title="ベンガジ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベンガジ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengasi" title="Bengasi – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Bengasi" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengazi" title="Bengazi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bengazi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing%CA%BBozi" title="Bingʻozi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bingʻozi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80" title="ਬਨਗ਼ਾਜ਼ੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਨਗ਼ਾਜ਼ੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="بن غازی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بن غازی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="بنغازی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بنغازی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8ngasi" title="Bèngasi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bèngasi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengazi" title="Bengazi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bengazi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengasi" title="Bengasi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bengasi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Бенгази – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бенгази" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengazi" title="Bengazi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bengazi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengasi" title="Bengasi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bengasi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beng%C3%A1zi" title="Bengázi – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bengázi" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengazi" title="Bengazi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bengazi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Бенгази – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бенгази" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengazi" title="Bengazi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bengazi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengasi" title="Bengasi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bengasi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="பங்காசி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பங்காசி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5" title="เบงกาซี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบงกาซี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Вилояти Бенғази – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Вилояти Бенғази" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bingazi" title="Bingazi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bingazi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Бенгазі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бенгазі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="بنغازی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بنغازی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Benghazi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A4ngasi" title="Bängasi – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bängasi" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Benghazi&params=32_07_N_20_04_E_region:LY_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°07′N</span> <span class="longitude">20°04′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.117°N 20.067°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.117; 20.067</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bengasi" and "Bengazi" redirect here. For the films, see <a href="/wiki/Bengasi_(film)" title="Bengasi (film)">Bengasi (film)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bengazi_(film)" title="Bengazi (film)">Bengazi (film)</a>. For the 2012 attack on U.S. diplomats, see <a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">2012 Benghazi attack</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Cyrenaica, Libya</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Benghazi</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بنغازي</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Libya" title="List of cities in Libya">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Daawa_alIslamiyah2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Benghazi seafront"><img alt="Benghazi seafront" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Al_Daawa_alIslamiyah2.JPG/250px-Al_Daawa_alIslamiyah2.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Al_Daawa_alIslamiyah2.JPG/375px-Al_Daawa_alIslamiyah2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Al_Daawa_alIslamiyah2.JPG/500px-Al_Daawa_alIslamiyah2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Benghazi seafront</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَبّايِةْ الْذَايِحْ</span></span> (Mother of Migrants) – <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الْمَدِينََه الْعَصِيّهْ</span></span> (The Intractable City)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Libya_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Benghazi is located in Libya"><img alt="Benghazi is located in Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Libya_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Libya_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Libya_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Libya_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Libya_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Libya_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1617" data-file-height="1551" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.972%;left:66.872%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Benghazi"><img alt="Benghazi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Benghazi</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Libya</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Benghazi&params=32_07_N_20_04_E_region:LY_type:city(859000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°07′N</span> <span class="longitude">20°04′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.117°N 20.067°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.117; 20.067</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Libya" title="Districts of Libya">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Benghazi</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled</th><td class="infobox-data">as Euesperides (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 525 BC</span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Renamed</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Berenice (c. middle of the 3rd century BC)</li> <li>Hesperides<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="prose is unclear on time period (September 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Barneeq (c. middle of the 7th century AD)</li> <li>Marsa ibn Ghazi (c. 16th century)</li> <li>Bani Ghazi<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="prose is unclear/vague, it seems, on this renaming date. (September 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Benghazi<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="prose is unclear/vague, it seems, on this renaming date. (September 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Saqr Bojwari</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Libya" title="List of cities in Libya">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">314 km<sup>2</sup> (121 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wolfram_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolfram-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2 m (7 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023)<sup id="cite_ref-population_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Libya" title="List of cities in Libya">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">859,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,700/km<sup>2</sup> (7,100/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,500,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Benghazian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(+218) 61</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Libya" title="Vehicle registration plates of Libya">License Plate Code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Benghazi</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Son of [the] <a href="/wiki/Ghazi_(warrior)" title="Ghazi (warrior)">Ghazi</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Libya" title="List of cities in Libya">second-most-populous</a> city in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> as well as the largest city in <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a>, with an estimated population of 859,000 in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-population_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Located on the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra" title="Gulf of Sidra">Gulf of Sidra</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a>, Benghazi is also a major seaport. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> colony named <a href="/wiki/History_of_Benghazi" title="History of Benghazi">Euesperides</a> had existed in the area from around 525 BC. In the 3rd century BC, it was relocated and refounded as the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic</a> city of Berenice. Berenice prospered under the Romans, and after the 3rd century AD it superseded <a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barca_(ancient_city)" title="Barca (ancient city)">Barca</a> as the centre of Cyrenaica. The city went into decline during the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> period and had already been reduced to a small town before <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim conquest of Egypt">its conquest by the Arabs</a>. After around four centuries of peaceful <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Tripolitania" title="Ottoman Tripolitania">Ottoman rule</a>, in 1911, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> captured Benghazi and the rest of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Tripolitania" title="Ottoman Tripolitania">Tripolitania</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. Under <a href="/wiki/Italian_Tripolitania" title="Italian Tripolitania">Italian rule</a>, Benghazi witnessed a period of extensive development and modernization, particularly in the second half of the 1930s under the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya" title="Italian Libya">Italian Libya</a> colony. The city changed hands several times during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and was heavily damaged in the process. After the war Benghazi was rebuilt and became the co-capital of the newly independent <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Kingdom of Libya">Kingdom of Libya</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1969 Libyan coup d'état">1969 coup d'état</a> by <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>, Benghazi lost its capital status and all government offices relocated to <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>. </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2011_Libyan_Civil_War_before_military_intervention#Early_phase_(15–26_February)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2011 Libyan Civil War before military intervention">15 February 2011</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Benghazi" title="First Battle of Benghazi">an uprising</a> against the government of <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a> occurred in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revolt spread by 17 February to <a href="/wiki/Bayda,_Libya" title="Bayda, Libya">Bayda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tobruk" title="Tobruk">Tobruk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ajdabya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajdabya">Ajdabya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Marj" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Marj">Al Marj</a> in the East and <a href="/wiki/Zintan" title="Zintan">Zintan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zawiya,_Libya" title="Zawiya, Libya">Zawiya</a> in the West, calling for the end of the Gaddafi regime. Benghazi was seized by Gaddafi opponents on 21 February, who founded the <a href="/wiki/National_Transitional_Council" title="National Transitional Council">National Transitional Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 March 2011, the city was the site of the turning point of the <a href="/wiki/2011_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Libyan Civil War">Libyan Civil War</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Army_(1951%E2%80%932011)" title="Libyan Army (1951–2011)">Libyan Army</a> attempted to score a decisive victory against the NTC by <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Benghazi" title="Second Battle of Benghazi">attacking</a> Benghazi, but was forced back by local resistance and intervention from the <a href="/wiki/French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="French Air Force">French Air Force</a> authorized by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1973" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973">UNSC Resolution 1973</a> to protect civilians, allowing the rebellion to continue. By 2014, a <a href="/wiki/Second_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Libyan Civil War">second civil war</a> broke out in Libya between the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Libya)" title="House of Representatives (Libya)">House of Representatives</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Government of National Accord</a>, with parts of Libya split between Tobruk- and Tripoli-based governance until a permanent ceasefire led by a unitary government in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Benghazi remains a centre of Libyan commerce, industry, transport and culture, and one of the three largest cities in Libya with <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Misrata" title="Misrata">Misrata</a>. It continues to hold institutions and organizations normally associated with a capital city, including several national government buildings as well as the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Libya" title="National Library of Libya">National Library of Libya</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Benghazi" title="History of Benghazi">History of Benghazi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Benghazi" title="Timeline of Benghazi">Timeline of Benghazi</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Greek_colony">Ancient Greek colony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancient Greek colony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panathenaic_amphora_Louvre_MN705.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Panathenaic_amphora_Louvre_MN705.jpg/220px-Panathenaic_amphora_Louvre_MN705.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="389" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Panathenaic_amphora_Louvre_MN705.jpg/330px-Panathenaic_amphora_Louvre_MN705.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Panathenaic_amphora_Louvre_MN705.jpg/440px-Panathenaic_amphora_Louvre_MN705.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2650" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_amphora" title="Panathenaic amphora">panathenaic amphora</a> found in Benghazi from the times of Euesperides</figcaption></figure> <p>Archaeological evidence shows that <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greeks</a> settled on the site of Benghazi in the late seventh century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosamilia202318_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosamilia202318-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They called the city <b>Euesperides</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Εὐεσπερίδες</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <b>Hesperis</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἑσπερίς</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Euesperides was most likely founded by people from <a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya"> Cyrene</a> or <a href="/wiki/Barca_(ancient_city)" title="Barca (ancient city)"> Barce</a>, which was located on the edge of a lagoon which opened from the sea. At the time, this area may have been deep enough to receive small sailing vessels. The name was attributed to the fertility of the neighborhood, which gave rise to the mythological associations of the garden of the <a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ancient city existed on a raised piece of land opposite of what is now the Sidi-Abayd graveyard in the Northern Benghazi suburb of Sbikhat al-Salmani (al-Salmani <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">Marsh</a>). </p><p>The city is first mentioned by ancient sources in <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>' account of the revolt of Barca and the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian</a> expedition to <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a> in c. 515 BC, where it is stated that the punitive force sent by the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">satrap of Egypt</a> conquered Cyrenaica as far west as Euesperides.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest coins minted in the city date back to 480 BC. One side of those coins has an engraving of Delphi. The other side is an engraving of a <a href="/wiki/Silphium_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Silphium (antiquity)">silphium</a> plant, once the symbol of trade from Cyrenaica because of its use as a rich seasoning and as a medicine. The coinage suggests that the city must have enjoyed some autonomy from Cyrene in the early 5th century BC, when the issues of Euesperides had their own types with the legend EU (ES), distinct from those of Cyrene. </p><p>The city was in hostile territory and was surrounded by inhospitable tribes. The Greek historian <a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a> mentions a siege of the city in 414 BC, by Libyans who were probably the <a href="/wiki/Nasamones" title="Nasamones">Nasamones</a>: Euesperides was saved by the unexpected arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartan</a> general <a href="/wiki/Gylippus" title="Gylippus">Gylippus</a> and his fleet, who were blown to Libya by contrary winds on their way to <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the Cyrenean kings whose fate is connected with the city is <a href="/wiki/Arcesilaus_IV_of_Cyrene" title="Arcesilaus IV of Cyrene"> Arcesilaus IV</a>. The king used his <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">chariot</a> victory at the <a href="/wiki/Pythian_Games" title="Pythian Games">Pythian Games</a> of 462 BC to attract new settlers to Euesperides, where Arcesilaus hoped to create a safe refuge for himself against the resentment of the people of Cyrene. This proved ineffective, since when the king fled to Euesperides during the anticipated revolution (around 440 BC), he was assassinated, thus terminating the almost 200-year rule of the <a href="/wiki/Battiadae" title="Battiadae">Battiad dynasty</a>. </p><p>An inscription found there and dated around the middle of the 4th century BC states that the city had a constitution similar to that of Cyrene, with a board of chief magistrates (<i><a href="/wiki/Ephors" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephors">ephors</a></i>) and a council of elders (<i>gerontes</i>). From 324 to 322 BC, the city supported the Spartan adventurer <a href="/wiki/Thibron" title="Thibron">Thibron</a>, who attempted to establish his own kingdom in Cyrenaica, but was defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosamilia202326_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosamilia202326-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city came under the control of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy I">Ptolemy I</a> and formed part of the breakaway kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Magas_of_Cyrene" title="Magas of Cyrene">Magas of Cyrene</a> after 276 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosamilia202327_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosamilia202327-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 246 BC, during the power struggle following Magas' death, his daughter <a href="/wiki/Berenice_II" title="Berenice II"> Berenice</a> married <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III</a>, bringing the region back under Ptolemaic control. Euesperides was relocated to a new site underneath Benghazi's modern city centre and renamed <b>Berenice</b>. The move may have been due to the <a href="/wiki/Silting" class="mw-redirect" title="Silting">silting</a> up of the lagoons, but there is no archaeological evidence for economic decline in the preceding period, and it is more likely that the refoundation was punishment for having opposed Berenice and Ptolemy's assumption of power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenrick201340_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenrick201340-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosamilia202328_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosamilia202328-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_and_Byzantine_periods">Roman and Byzantine periods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Roman and Byzantine periods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></div> <p>Berenice later became a Roman city and greatly prospered for 600 years. The city superseded Cyrene and Barca as the chief center of Cyrenaica after the 3rd century AD<sup id="cite_ref-britannica1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and during the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian</a> campaigns; by 642–643, when it was conquered by the Muslim Arabs and partially destroyed, it had dwindled to an insignificant village among magnificent historic ruins.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In its more prosperous period, Berenice became a <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Bishopric" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric">bishopric</a>. The first of its bishops whose name is recorded in extant documents is Ammon, to whom <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a> wrote in about 260. Dathes was at the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> in 325, and Probatius at a synod held in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> in 394.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No longer a residential bishopric, Berenice is today listed by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Titular_see" title="Titular see">titular see</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mawlid_Celebrations_in_Ottoman_Benghazi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mawlid_Celebrations_in_Ottoman_Benghazi.jpg/250px-Mawlid_Celebrations_in_Ottoman_Benghazi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mawlid_Celebrations_in_Ottoman_Benghazi.jpg/330px-Mawlid_Celebrations_in_Ottoman_Benghazi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mawlid_Celebrations_in_Ottoman_Benghazi.jpg/500px-Mawlid_Celebrations_in_Ottoman_Benghazi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>The Ottoman flag is raised during <a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a> celebrations in Benghazi in 1896.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_province">Ottoman province</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ottoman province"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatimids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimids">Fatimids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ayyubids" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubids">Ayyubids</a></div> <p>In the 13th century, the small settlement became an important player in the trade growing up between Genoese merchants and the tribes of the hinterland. In 16th century maps, the name of <i><b>Marsa ibn Ghazi</b></i> appears.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="It appears that an entire period, called "The Arabs and the Advent of Islam" in 'History of Benghazi' article, is missing from this article. During that period, appears to have happened the name change from "Berenice" (or "Hesperides") to "Barneeq". (September 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Benghazi had a strategic port location, one that was too useful to be ignored by the Ottomans. In 1578, the Turks conquered Benghazi and it was ruled from Tripoli by the <a href="/wiki/Karamanli_dynasty" title="Karamanli dynasty">Karamanlis</a> from 1711 to 1835; it then passed under direct <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> rule until 1911. Greek and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> sponge fishermen worked its coastal waters. In 1858, and again in 1874, Benghazi was devastated by <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">bubonic plague</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_colonial_rule">Italian colonial rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Italian colonial rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Italian_Benghazi" title="Italian Benghazi">Italian Benghazi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian_Benghazi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Italian_Benghazi.jpg/220px-Italian_Benghazi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Italian_Benghazi.jpg/330px-Italian_Benghazi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Italian_Benghazi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>The colonial Italians created the "Lungomare" (sea-walk) of Benghazi and constructed many other buildings.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrenaica_Parliament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cyrenaica_Parliament.jpg/220px-Cyrenaica_Parliament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cyrenaica_Parliament.jpg/330px-Cyrenaica_Parliament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cyrenaica_Parliament.jpg/440px-Cyrenaica_Parliament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>Littorio Palace in Benghazi was the seat of the Cyrenaican regional assembly.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1911, Benghazi was invaded and conquered by the Italians. Nearly half the local population of Cyrenaica under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Omar_Mukhtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar Mukhtar">Omar Mukhtar</a> resisted the Italian occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1930s, the revolt was over and the Italians—under governor <a href="/wiki/Italo_Balbo" title="Italo Balbo">Italo Balbo</a>—started attempts to assimilate the local population with pacifying policies: a number of new villages for Cyrenaicans were created with health services and schools. </p><p>Additionally Cyrenaica was populated by more than 20,000 <a href="/wiki/Italian_settlers_in_Libya" title="Italian settlers in Libya">Italian colonists</a> in the late 1930s, mainly around the coast of Benghazi. Benghazi population was made up of more than 35 per cent of Italians in 1939.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As a consequence, there was in Cyrenaica and mostly in Benghazi a huge economic development in the second half of the 1930s. Benghazi grew to be a modern city with a new airport, new railway station, new seaplane station, an enlarged port and many facilities. Benghazi was going to be connected in 1940 by a new railway to Tripoli, but in summer of that year war started between Italians and British and infrastructure development came to a standstill. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In World War II Benghazi changed hands several times. During <a href="/wiki/Operation_Compass" title="Operation Compass">Operation Compass</a> the city was captured from the Italians by <a href="/wiki/Combe_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Combe Force">Combe Force</a> on 6 February 1941. </p><p>Benghazi was recaptured by <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>, led by general <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Korps" title="Afrika Korps">German Africa Corps</a>, on 4 April.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was taken again during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Crusader" title="Operation Crusader">Operation Crusader</a> by the British on 24 December only to change hands again on 29 January 1942 in the Rommel Afrika Corps' push to Egypt. </p><p>During the fateful <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Battle of El Alamein</a>–106 kilometres (66 miles) from <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, Egypt–British troops led by general <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Montgomery" title="Bernard Montgomery">Bernard Montgomery</a> again defeated the Afrika Corps which then made a long steady retreat westward passing through Benghazi for the final time. On 20 November, Benghazi was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Eighth Army (United Kingdom)">British Eighth Army</a> and thereafter held by the British. </p><p>In August 1943 from <a href="/wiki/Benina_International_Airport" title="Benina International Airport">Benina airport</a> of Benghazi started the US attack on the <a href="/wiki/Ploie%C8%99ti" title="Ploiești">Ploiești</a> oil refineries with 178 <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator">B-24 bombers</a> (called <a href="/wiki/Operation_Tidal_Wave" title="Operation Tidal Wave">Operation Tidal Wave</a>), after an Italian "<a href="/wiki/Arditi" title="Arditi">Arditi</a>" paratroopers attack that destroyed some Allied aircraft in June 1943.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_Benghazi">Contemporary Benghazi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Contemporary Benghazi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piazza_del_Shagara_Bengasi_1964.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Piazza_del_Shagara_Bengasi_1964.jpg/250px-Piazza_del_Shagara_Bengasi_1964.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Piazza_del_Shagara_Bengasi_1964.jpg/330px-Piazza_del_Shagara_Bengasi_1964.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Piazza_del_Shagara_Bengasi_1964.jpg/500px-Piazza_del_Shagara_Bengasi_1964.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="814" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maydan_al-Shajara" class="mw-redirect" title="Maydan al-Shajara">Maydan al-Shajara</a>, in central Benghazi in 1964</figcaption></figure><p> Heavily bombed in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Benghazi was later rebuilt with the country's newly found oil wealth as a gleaming showpiece of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Modern_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Modern Libya">modern Libya</a>. It became the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Cyrenaica" title="Emirate of Cyrenaica">Emirate of Cyrenaica</a> (1949–1951) under <a href="/wiki/Idris_of_Libya" title="Idris of Libya">Idris Senussi I</a>. In 1951, Cyrenaica was merged with Tripolitania and Fezzan to form the independent <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Kingdom of Libya">Kingdom of Libya</a>, of which both Benghazi and Tripoli were capital cities. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Idris_I_of_Libya.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/King_Idris_I_of_Libya.png/220px-King_Idris_I_of_Libya.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/King_Idris_I_of_Libya.png/330px-King_Idris_I_of_Libya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/King_Idris_I_of_Libya.png/440px-King_Idris_I_of_Libya.png 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption>Support for the Senussi dynasty remained strong in Cyrenaica.</figcaption></figure> <p>Benghazi lost its capital status when the Free Officers under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a> staged a <i>coup d'état</i> in 1969, whereafter all government institutions were concentrated in Tripoli, Even though King Idris was forced into exile and the monarchy abolished, support for the Senussi dynasty remained strong in Cyrenaica. This was emphasized by real or perceived injustices from the government towards the people of Benghazi, including the demolition in the year 2000 of the arena of <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> club <a href="/wiki/Alahly_Benghazi_S.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Alahly Benghazi S.C.">Alahly Benghazi S.C.</a>, following anti-government protests.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 April 1986, U.S. Air Force and Navy planes <a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_bombing_of_Libya" title="1986 United States bombing of Libya">bombed Benghazi and Tripoli</a>. President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> justified the attacks by claiming Libya was responsible for terrorism directed at the United States, including the <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin_discotheque_bombing" title="West Berlin discotheque bombing">bombing of La Belle discothèque in West Berlin</a> ten days before.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_Revolution">2011 Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2011 Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Benghazi" title="First Battle of Benghazi">First Battle of Benghazi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Benghazi" title="Second Battle of Benghazi">Second Battle of Benghazi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bengasi_court_square_0824b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bengasi_court_square_0824b.jpg/250px-Bengasi_court_square_0824b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bengasi_court_square_0824b.jpg/330px-Bengasi_court_square_0824b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bengasi_court_square_0824b.jpg/500px-Bengasi_court_square_0824b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1709" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Court square in Benghazi, April 2011. At the central place for gatherings and demonstrations the walls are draped with pictures of casualties, mourners passing by.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benghazi_Anti-Qaddafi_protest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Benghazi_Anti-Qaddafi_protest.jpg/250px-Benghazi_Anti-Qaddafi_protest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Benghazi_Anti-Qaddafi_protest.jpg/330px-Benghazi_Anti-Qaddafi_protest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Benghazi_Anti-Qaddafi_protest.jpg/500px-Benghazi_Anti-Qaddafi_protest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1192" /></a><figcaption>A large crowd of anti-Gaddafi protesters from in and around Benghazi took to the streets on 6 July 2011, amassing in front of the Kateba and the courtyard.</figcaption></figure> <p>In February 2011, peaceful protests erupted in Benghazi that were brutally suppressed by Gaddafi's armed forces and loyalists. The violence urged the people to fight back and try to overthrow Gaddafi from power in <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War_(2011)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Civil War (2011)">The Libyan Revolution</a>. At least 500 people were killed in the protests against the government.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Benghazi_citizen_holding_King_Idris%27s_photo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/A_Benghazi_citizen_holding_King_Idris%27s_photo.JPG/220px-A_Benghazi_citizen_holding_King_Idris%27s_photo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/A_Benghazi_citizen_holding_King_Idris%27s_photo.JPG/330px-A_Benghazi_citizen_holding_King_Idris%27s_photo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/A_Benghazi_citizen_holding_King_Idris%27s_photo.JPG/440px-A_Benghazi_citizen_holding_King_Idris%27s_photo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A young Benghazian carrying (deposed) King Idris' photo. Support of the <a href="/wiki/Senussi" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi">Senussi dynasty</a> has traditionally been strong in <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Economist_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Economist-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The former <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Libya" title="Flag of Libya">Libyan flag</a> used in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Kingdom of Libya">Kingdom of Libya</a> was used by many protesters as an <a href="/wiki/Libyan_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan opposition">opposition</a> flag.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demonstrators were also seen carrying images of King Idris I. Benghazi and the <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a> have been traditional strongholds of the royal <a href="/wiki/Senussi" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi">Senussi</a> dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 21 February, the city was reported to be largely controlled by the opposition. The widely loathed mayor, <a href="/wiki/Huda_Ben_Amer" title="Huda Ben Amer">Huda Ben Amer</a>, nicknamed "the Executioner", had fled the city for Tripoli.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_6_March_2011_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph_6_March_2011-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Residents organised to direct traffic and collect refuse.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 24 February, a committee made up of lawyers, judges and respected local people had been formed in order to provide civic administration and public services within the city. Two local radio stations, operated by <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Free_Libya" title="Voice of Free Libya">Voice of Free Libya</a>, along with a newspaper, were also established.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 26 February to 26 August, Benghazi was the temporary headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/National_Transitional_Council" title="National Transitional Council">National Transitional Council</a> which is led by the former justice minister, <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Abdul_Jalil" title="Mustafa Abdul Jalil">Mustafa Abdul Jalil</a>, until Tripoli was liberated.<sup id="cite_ref-haaretz.com_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haaretz.com-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 March, pro-Gaddafi forces almost defeated the rebellion when they began attacking the city of Benghazi in a major <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Benghazi" title="Second Battle of Benghazi">offensive</a>, but were forced back the next day when NATO forces began implementing <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1973" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 June, explosives were detonated in a car near the <a href="/wiki/Tibesti_Hotel" title="Tibesti Hotel">Tibesti Hotel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BenghaziBlast_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BenghaziBlast-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a rebel spokesman calling the bombing a "cowardly act". It was suspected that an officer was killed, and many people started to shout out anti-Gaddafi chants while the Tibesti was cordoned off.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 19 May 2012, residents of Benghazi voted in historic <a href="/wiki/Benghazi_municipal_election,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Benghazi municipal election, 2012">local elections</a>; this was the first time such elections have been held in the city since the 1960s, and turnout was high. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_attack_on_U.S._diplomatic_mission">2012 attack on U.S. diplomatic mission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2012 attack on U.S. diplomatic mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">2012 Benghazi attack</a></div> <p>On 11 September 2012, the U.S. diplomatic mission in Benghazi was attacked by a heavily armed group of 125–150 gunmen, whose trucks bore the logo of <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Libya)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)">Ansar al-Sharia</a>, a group of Islamist militants, also known as Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> working with the local government to manage security in Benghazi.<sup id="cite_ref-ap_witness_Oct27_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap_witness_Oct27-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. Ambassador <a href="/wiki/J._Christopher_Stevens" title="J. Christopher Stevens">J. Christopher Stevens</a>, Foreign Service Information Management Officer (IMO) <a href="/wiki/Sean_Smith_(diplomat)" title="Sean Smith (diplomat)">Sean Smith</a>, and CIA contractors and former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_SEALs" title="United States Navy SEALs">Navy SEALs</a> <a href="/wiki/Tyrone_S._Woods" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrone S. Woods">Tyrone S. Woods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glen_Doherty" class="mw-redirect" title="Glen Doherty">Glen Doherty</a> were killed during a series of raids, commencing at nightfall and continuing into the next morning. Ten others were injured. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Libyan_Civil_War">Second Libyan Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Second Libyan Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venicia_Street_Benghazi_-_Omega_Boutique.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Venicia_Street_Benghazi_-_Omega_Boutique.jpg/220px-Venicia_Street_Benghazi_-_Omega_Boutique.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Venicia_Street_Benghazi_-_Omega_Boutique.jpg/330px-Venicia_Street_Benghazi_-_Omega_Boutique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Venicia_Street_Benghazi_-_Omega_Boutique.jpg/440px-Venicia_Street_Benghazi_-_Omega_Boutique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2906" data-file-height="1648" /></a><figcaption>With the end of fighting, the city is currently undergoing a reconstruction drive, particularly around the Hawari and Venicia Districts.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benghazi_(2014%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Benghazi (2014–2017)">Battle of Benghazi (2014–2017)</a></div> <p>Following the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Civil War (2014–present)">second Libyan Civil War</a> in 2014, Benghazi became the subject of heavy fighting between the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">Libyan National Army</a>-aligned <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Libya)" title="House of Representatives (Libya)">House of Representatives</a> government, and the Islamist <a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_of_Benghazi_Revolutionaries" title="Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries">Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a>-aligned <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya">Wilayat Barqa</a>, which were entrenched in various pockets in the city. During the closing months of the battle, between late-2016 and mid-2017, much of the urban center in and around the remaining Shura Council pocket in the central coastal quarters of Suq Al-Hout and al-Sabri suffered heavy bombardment and war damage. Wilayat Barqa militants reportedly fled Benghazi in early January, while the LNA's General <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a> declared the city cleared of the Shura Council on 5 July 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite Haftar's declaration of the liberation of the city, dozens of gunmen remained fortified and besieged in Sidi Akribesh, according to sources close to military.<sup id="cite_ref-Asharq_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asharq-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LNA captured the last militant-held district in December 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-stronghold_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stronghold-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 October 2020, the <i>5+5 Joint Libyan Military Commission</i> representing the LNA and the GNA reached a "<a href="/wiki/Libyan_peace_process#Military_track:_permanent_ceasefire" title="Libyan peace process">permanent ceasefire agreement in all areas of Libya</a>". The agreement, effective immediately, required that all foreign fighters leave Libya within three months while a joint police force would patrol disputed areas. The first commercial flight between Tripoli and Benghazi took place that same day.<sup id="cite_ref-auto6_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto6-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto4_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 10 March 2021, an interim <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(Libya)" title="Government of National Unity (Libya)">unity government</a> was formed, which was slated to remain in place until the <a href="/wiki/Next_Libyan_presidential_election" title="Next Libyan presidential election">next Libyan presidential election</a> scheduled for 10 December.<sup id="cite_ref-alj_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alj-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the election has been delayed several times<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since, effectively rendering the unity government in power indefinitely, causing tensions which threaten to reignite the war. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-left"><div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Libyen_Benghazi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Libyen_Benghazi.png/120px-Libyen_Benghazi.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Libyen_Benghazi.png/250px-Libyen_Benghazi.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1786" data-file-height="1646" /></a><figcaption>Benghazi district between 2001 and 2007</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shabiat_Banghazi_since_2007.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Shabiat_Banghazi_since_2007.png/100px-Shabiat_Banghazi_since_2007.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Shabiat_Banghazi_since_2007.png/150px-Shabiat_Banghazi_since_2007.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Shabiat_Banghazi_since_2007.png/200px-Shabiat_Banghazi_since_2007.png 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Benghazi district since 2007</figcaption></figure> </div></div> <p>Benghazi District is one of Libya's 22 <a href="/wiki/Shabiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabiyah">shabiyahs</a> (people's districts). </p><p>In 2022, 18 provinces were declared by the Libyan Government of National Unity: the eastern coast, Jabal Al-Akhdar, Al-Hizam, <b>Benghazi</b>, Al-Wahat, Al-Kufra, Al-Khaleej, Al-Margab, Tripoli, Al-Jafara, Al-Zawiya, West Coast, Gheryan, Zintan, Nalut, Sabha, Al-Wadi, and Murzuq Basin.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benghazi_Mu%27tamarat_Sha%27bia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Benghazi_Mu%27tamarat_Sha%27bia.jpg/400px-Benghazi_Mu%27tamarat_Sha%27bia.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Benghazi_Mu%27tamarat_Sha%27bia.jpg/600px-Benghazi_Mu%27tamarat_Sha%27bia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Benghazi_Mu%27tamarat_Sha%27bia.jpg/800px-Benghazi_Mu%27tamarat_Sha%27bia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="658" /></a><figcaption>There are 32 Mu'tamarat Sha'bia in the District of Benghazi.</figcaption></figure> <p>Benghazi <a href="/wiki/Baladiyah" title="Baladiyah">Baladiyah</a> is divided into 32 <a href="/wiki/Basic_People%27s_Congress_(administrative_division)" title="Basic People's Congress (administrative division)">Basic People's Congress</a> administrative divisions, in which the responsibilities of the corresponding political units of the same name fall. The official 32 Basic People's Congresses of Benghazi are:<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table border="0"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p><br /><small>1</small> <a href="/wiki/Al-Magroon" title="Al-Magroon">Al-Magroon</a> <br /><small>2</small> <a href="/wiki/Al-Saahil_al-Gharbi" title="Al-Saahil al-Gharbi">Al-Saahil al-Gharbi</a> <br /><small>3</small> <a href="/wiki/Karkoora" title="Karkoora">Karkoora</a> <br /><small>4</small> <a href="/wiki/Gimeenis" title="Gimeenis">Gimeenis</a> <br /><small>5</small> <a href="/wiki/Suluq" title="Suluq">Suluq</a> <br /><small>6</small> <a href="/wiki/Al-Khadhraa" title="Al-Khadhraa">Al-Khadhraa</a> <br /><small>7</small> <a href="/wiki/Al-Nawagiya" title="Al-Nawagiya">Al-Nawagiya</a> <br /><small>8</small> <a href="/wiki/Al-Magziha" title="Al-Magziha">Al-Magziha</a> <br /><small>9</small> <a href="/wiki/Al-Keesh" title="Al-Keesh">Al-Keesh</a> <br /><small>10</small> <a href="/wiki/Garyounis" title="Garyounis">Garyounis</a> <br /><small>11</small> <a href="/wiki/Al-Fuwayhat" title="Al-Fuwayhat">Al-Fuwayhat</a> </p> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <p><br /><small>12</small> <a href="/wiki/Al-Berka" title="Al-Berka">Al-Berka</a> <br /><small>13</small> <a href="/wiki/Bu-Fakhra" title="Bu-Fakhra">Bu-Fakhra</a> <br /><small>14</small> <a href="/wiki/Jarrutha" title="Jarrutha">Jarrutha</a> <br /><small>15</small> <a href="/wiki/Al-Quwarsha" title="Al-Quwarsha">Al-Quwarsha</a> <br /><small>16</small> <a href="/wiki/Bu_Atni" title="Bu Atni">Bu Atni</a> <br /><small>17</small> <a href="/wiki/Benina" title="Benina">Benina</a> <br /><small>18</small> <a href="/wiki/Al-Kwayfiya" title="Al-Kwayfiya">Al-Kwayfiya</a> <br /><small>19</small> <a href="/wiki/Sidi_Khalifa,_Libya" title="Sidi Khalifa, Libya">Sidi Khalifa</a> <br /><small>20</small> <a href="/wiki/Al-Hawari" title="Al-Hawari">Al-Hawari</a> <br /><small>21</small> <a href="/wiki/Al-Thawra_al-Shabiyah" title="Al-Thawra al-Shabiyah">Al-Thawra al-Shabiyah</a> <br /><small>22</small> <a href="/wiki/Shuhadaa_al-Salawi" title="Shuhadaa al-Salawi">Shuhadaa al-Salawi</a> </p> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <p><br /><small>23</small> <a href="/wiki/Madinat_Benghazi" title="Madinat Benghazi">Madinat Benghazi</a> <br /><small>24</small> <a href="/wiki/Sidi_Hsayn" title="Sidi Hsayn">Sidi Hsayn</a> <br /><small>25</small> <a href="/wiki/Al-Sabri" title="Al-Sabri">Al-Sabri</a> <br /><small>26</small> <a href="/wiki/Sidi_Abayd" title="Sidi Abayd">Sidi Abayd</a> <br /><small>27</small> <a href="/wiki/Al-Salmani" title="Al-Salmani">Al-Salmani</a> <br /><small>28</small> <a href="/wiki/Raas_Abayda" title="Raas Abayda">Raas Abayda</a> <br /><small>29</small> <a href="/wiki/Benghazi_al-Jadida" title="Benghazi al-Jadida">Benghazi al-Jadida</a> <br /><small>30</small> <a href="/wiki/Al-Uruba" title="Al-Uruba">Al-Uruba</a> <br /><small>31</small> <a href="/wiki/Hay_al-Mukhtar" title="Hay al-Mukhtar">Hay al-Mukhtar</a> <br /><small>32</small> <a href="/wiki/Al-Hadaa%27iq" title="Al-Hadaa'iq">Al-Hadaa'iq</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Benghazi" title="Special:EditPage/Benghazi">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Benghazi%22">"Benghazi"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Benghazi%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Benghazi%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Benghazi%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Benghazi%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Benghazi%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benghazi._Omar_Mukhtar_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Benghazi._Omar_Mukhtar_Street.jpg/250px-Benghazi._Omar_Mukhtar_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Benghazi._Omar_Mukhtar_Street.jpg/330px-Benghazi._Omar_Mukhtar_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Benghazi._Omar_Mukhtar_Street.jpg/500px-Benghazi._Omar_Mukhtar_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Omar Al Mukhtar Street in the Italian quarter was traditionally home to an urbane demographic, before many families left the old town to resettle elsewhere in the city.</figcaption></figure> <p>As with other cities in Libya, there is a reasonable amount of ethnic diversity in Benghazi. The people of eastern Libya, Benghazi included, have in the past always been of predominantly <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> descent. In recent times, however, there has been an influx of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African</a> immigrants into Benghazi. There are also many <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> immigrants in Benghazi. A small <a href="/wiki/Greek_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek people">Greek</a> community also exists in Benghazi. The Greek island of <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> is a short distance from Benghazi, and many families in Benghazi today bear Cretan surnames. There are even a few <a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italian</a>-related families, left from the colonial times before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p><p>The overwhelming majority of Libyans in Benghazi were of Berber descent until the arrival of Bani Salim (Arabic tribe). In the 11th century, the Sa'adi tribes from the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Sulyam" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Sulyam">Banu Sulyam</a> migrated to Cyrenaica; each sub-tribe from the Sa'adi historically controlled a section of Cyrenaica. Benghazi and its surrounding areas were controlled by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barghathi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barghathi (page does not exist)">Barghathi</a> tribe. In modern times, Benghazi has seen a lot of Libyans from different parts of the country move into the city, especially since the Kingdom era. Many came to Benghazi from <a href="/wiki/Misrata" title="Misrata">Misrata</a>. Thus Benghazi has always been seen as a welcoming city, a city which the local Bedouins refer to as '<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Benghazi rabayit al thayih</i></span>' which can be translated as, 'Benghazi raises the lost', as many immigrants who arrived from the Western Maghreb or the former Al Andalus came with little money, clothes or food and were looked after very generously by the local Bedouin population as well as those arriving following the Italian war from western Libya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maydan_al_Baladiya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Maydan_al_Baladiya.jpg/220px-Maydan_al_Baladiya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Maydan_al_Baladiya.jpg/330px-Maydan_al_Baladiya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Maydan_al_Baladiya.jpg/440px-Maydan_al_Baladiya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The Atiq Mosque in Maydan al-Baladiya is the oldest mosque in Benghazi. The majority of people in the city are Sunni Muslims.</figcaption></figure> <p>The predominant religion in Benghazi is <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Almost all of the city's inhabitants are <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> Muslims. During Islamic holidays such as Ramadan, most abstain from food; restaurants are usually empty during the day, with the exception of some expatriates and tourists. Alcohol is banned by law in Benghazi and throughout Libya in accordance with government regulations. The often conservative nature of Benghazi creates a strong sense of family life in the city; most teenagers and young adults live at home until they get married, though that is changing in recent years. Many Muslims in Benghazi adhere to the traditional <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a> school of religious law; however, it is much less so than in the past decades. Benghazi is said to be the most “liberal” city out of all Libya.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Senussi" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi">Senussi</a> order from which the royal dynasty sprang has traditionally enjoyed strong support in Benghazi and the Cyrenaica. </p><p>For Muslims, there are many mosques throughout Benghazi; the oldest and best known (such as the <a href="/wiki/Atiq_Mosque_(Benghazi)" title="Atiq Mosque (Benghazi)">Atiq</a> and Osman mosques) are located in and around the <a href="/wiki/Medina_quarter" title="Medina quarter">medina</a>. </p><p>There is also a small Christian community in the city. The Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Benghazi" title="Apostolic Vicariate of Benghazi">Apostolic Vicariate of Benghazi</a>'s Franciscan Church of the Immaculate Conception serves Benghazi's Latin Catholic community of roughly 4,000; there is also a decommissioned <a href="/wiki/Benghazi_Cathedral" title="Benghazi Cathedral">cathedral church</a> (1929–1939; closed 1977; currently abandoned). For <a href="/wiki/Copt" class="mw-redirect" title="Copt">Egyptian Copts</a>, there is a <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Coptic Orthodox</a> church (which was formerly the grand synagogue) with two serving <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jews have lived in Benghazi, as <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Libya" title="History of the Jews in Libya">they did elsewhere in Libya</a>, from Roman times until 1967 when most were airlifted out after a series of riots in the years after the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>. However, there are no Jews remaining in Libya today.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Peoples_Congress_Benghazi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/General_Peoples_Congress_Benghazi.jpg/250px-General_Peoples_Congress_Benghazi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/General_Peoples_Congress_Benghazi.jpg/330px-General_Peoples_Congress_Benghazi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/General_Peoples_Congress_Benghazi.jpg/500px-General_Peoples_Congress_Benghazi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2568" data-file-height="1926" /></a><figcaption>Al Manar Royal Palace in central Benghazi, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Libya" title="University of Libya">University of Libya</a>'s first campus, founded by royal decree in 1955</figcaption></figure> <p>The oldest university in Libya is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Libya" title="University of Libya">University of Libya</a>, founded by royal decree in 1955. It was initially housed in the royal Al Manar Palace before receiving its own campus in 1968. It was later split and became known as <a href="/wiki/University_of_Benghazi" title="University of Benghazi">University of Benghazi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Libedu2_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Libedu2-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are some private universities such as <a href="/wiki/Libyan_International_Medical_University" title="Libyan International Medical University">Libyan International Medical University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Education in Benghazi, as throughout Libya, is compulsory and paid entirely by taxpayers. Compulsory education continues until <a href="/wiki/Ninth_grade" title="Ninth grade">ninth grade</a>. There are many public primary and secondary schools scattered throughout the city, as well as some private schools.<sup id="cite_ref-Libedu_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Libedu-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> International schools include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_School_Benghazi" title="International School Benghazi">International School Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi_European_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benghazi European School (page does not exist)">Benghazi European School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_School_in_Benghazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British School in Benghazi (page does not exist)">British School in Benghazi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benghazi_20.08955E_32.10942N.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Benghazi_20.08955E_32.10942N.jpg/220px-Benghazi_20.08955E_32.10942N.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Benghazi_20.08955E_32.10942N.jpg/330px-Benghazi_20.08955E_32.10942N.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Benghazi_20.08955E_32.10942N.jpg/440px-Benghazi_20.08955E_32.10942N.jpg 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="796" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image of Benghazi</figcaption></figure> <p>Benghazi is one of the sub-regions of the area referred to as <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a>, the others being the <a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Jebel Akhdar, Libya">Jebel Akhdar</a> and the coastal plain running east of <a href="/wiki/Apollonia,_Cyrenaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia, Cyrenaica">Apollonia</a>. Cyrenaica is surrounded by desert on three sides, hence in ancient times the most accessible civilisation was to the North, across the Mediterranean, in <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, only 400 kilometres (250 miles) away.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Benghazi is surrounded by the "barr", arid <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppe</a>. The Jebel Akhdar, literally, "the Green Mountain", just north of Benghazi, rises to the east. Here the vegetation and climate is more Mediterranean in feel with none of the desert landscapes found further south. A large section of the western Jebel Akhdar is taken up by the fertile Marj plain. Further east is the second level of the Jebel Akhdar, between 500 metres (1,600 feet) and over 875 m (2,871 ft) above sea level, often thickly wooded and cut by <a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">ravines</a>. Annual rainfall here, especially around Cyrene, can reach 500 millimetres (20 inches). It was this fertile site northeast of Benghazi that the Greeks chose for their settlement. The soil in Benghazi is a rich red colour and very <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clayey</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sirocco" title="Sirocco">Sirocco</a> winds are not uncommon in the city, and as such, many of Benghazi's smaller streets and buildings can be quite dusty.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the north, below the steep cliffs of the <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateau</a>, lies a narrow belt of Mediterranean farmland. Olives and other Mediterranean fruits and vegetables are grown here. To the south, the forest and farmland gives way to juniper bush <a href="/wiki/Maquis_shrubland" title="Maquis shrubland">maquis</a> and pre-desert scrub with some winter grazing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As a <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Libya" title="Districts of Libya">district</a>, Benghazi borders <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hizam_Al_Akhdar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hizam Al Akhdar (page does not exist)">Hizam Al Akhdar</a>, which surrounds it on land. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_recreation_and_parks">Natural recreation and parks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Natural recreation and parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Benghazi" title="Special:EditPage/Benghazi">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bodzeera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bodzeera.jpg/220px-Bodzeera.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bodzeera.jpg/330px-Bodzeera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bodzeera.jpg/440px-Bodzeera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1293" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Al-Buduzeera is one of the largest and most popular parks in Benghazi.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although Benghazi does not have a high percentage of green space per resident, there are a few public parks and green recreational areas in the city. Perhaps the most famous is the zoological garden and theme park in <b><a href="/wiki/Benghazi_Zoo" title="Benghazi Zoo">Al-Fuwayhat</a></b> also known as <b><a href="/wiki/Benghazi_Zoo" title="Benghazi Zoo">Benghazi Zoo</a></b>; the park is referred to locally as <i>al-Bosco</i>, an Italian name for wood (as in "Belleau Wood", not as in "wood plank"). The park is a combination of a zoo with trees planted during Italian rule and which contains wild cats, primates, elephants, birds and other animals, and a small theme park containing electrical rides, added later in the 1980s as part of a <a href="/wiki/Redevelopment" title="Redevelopment">redevelopment</a> of the entire site. It is one of the most popular parks in Benghazi, and is very busy on public holidays, as well as amongst school children and <a href="/wiki/Public_Scout_and_Girl_Guide_Movement" title="Public Scout and Girl Guide Movement">scouts</a> on outings. </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> Street is 23 July Park, another large green space which faces the <a href="/wiki/Tibesti_Hotel" title="Tibesti Hotel">Tibesti Hotel</a> and borders the waterfront. The park is popular amongst teenagers, and families on Thursday nights (as Friday is a day off work throughout Libya). Another large and popular park is al-Buduzira in North Benghazi on the al-'Uruba Road in <a href="/wiki/Al-Kwayfiya" title="Al-Kwayfiya">al-Kwayfiya</a>. The park surrounds a natural lake, and is more rugged in nature than the city parks. A section of al-Buduzira is also a water park with large slides, whilst the southern part of the park has picnic areas which are popular in the summers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Benghazi has a warm <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>BSh</i>) with hot and dry, prolonged summers and mild to cool, slightly wet winters. In the north of the city lies the Mediterranean-climate '<a href="/wiki/Jabal_al_Akhdar" title="Jabal al Akhdar">Jabal Al-Akhdar</a>' (Green Mountains), and in the south the climate is becoming desert-like. Summers in Benghazi are hot and rainless, but with high levels of humidity. Winters are mild with occasional rain. Annual rainfall is low at 270 mm (11 in) per year. The city's local water supply is supplemented by groundwater transported from the aquifers of southern Libya along the <a href="/wiki/Great_Manmade_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Manmade River">Great Manmade River</a>. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Benghazi (<a href="/wiki/Benina_International_Airport" title="Benina International Airport">Benina International Airport</a>) (1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.9<br />(103.8) </td> <td style="background: #D10000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.8<br />(112.6) </td> <td style="background: #C60000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.6<br />(114.1) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.0<br />(109.4) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.0<br />(111.2) </td> <td style="background: #F60000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.1<br />(107.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #C60000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">45.6<br />(114.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.4<br />(2.46) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.3<br />(1.86) </td> <td style="background: #D8FFD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(1.02) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(0.19) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(0.11) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(0.01) </td> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(0.16) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(0.63) </td> <td style="background: #CEFFCE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(1.23) </td> <td style="background: #97FF97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.3<br />(2.73) </td> <td style="background: #DDFFDD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">264.6<br />(10.42) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000E4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.7 </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.4 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56.2 </td> <td style="background: #3131FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53.8 </td> <td style="background: #2727FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56.4 </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.5 </td> <td style="background: #0404FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.6 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.1 </td> <td style="background: #0C0CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.4 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.7 </td> <td style="background: #0909FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">64.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.5 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220.4 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">244.9 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">264.0 </td> <td style="background: #F4F419; color:#000000;" class="notheme">325.5 </td> <td style="background: #F9F925; color:#000000;" class="notheme">336.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">390.6 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">365.8 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">291.0 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248.0 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">222.0 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.5 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,280.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE32; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-WMOCLINO_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMOCLINO-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> (extremes 1945–1977),<sup id="cite_ref-DWD_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arab Meteorology Book (sun only)<sup id="cite_ref-climate_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeliana_Bridge_Benghazi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Jeliana_Bridge_Benghazi.JPG/220px-Jeliana_Bridge_Benghazi.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Jeliana_Bridge_Benghazi.JPG/330px-Jeliana_Bridge_Benghazi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Jeliana_Bridge_Benghazi.JPG/440px-Jeliana_Bridge_Benghazi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The cubic tower block Al Da'waa al-Islamiya is an important office building in Benghazi; many small and large companies in the city are based in the tower.</figcaption></figure> <p>Benghazi, as the principal city of eastern Libya, is one of Libya's major economic centres. The city has an important port which is vital to the economy, as Libya imports many foodstuffs and manufactured products. Benghazi is also an industrial and commercial centre in Libya. Major manufactured goods include <a href="/wiki/Processed_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Processed food">processed food</a>, <a href="/wiki/Textiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles">textiles</a>, tanning, processed salt and <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction materials</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">cement</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-britannica1_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a large cement factory is located in al-Hawari. Food processing is based on local fish, imported goods, and the produce of irrigated coastal lowlands and the nearby Jabal al-Akdhar Mountains, including cereal, dates, olives, wool and meat.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finance is also important to the city's economy, with the Libyan Bank of Commerce and Development maintaining branches in Benghazi; the Bank's headquarters is a high office tower on Gamal Abdel Nasser Street in el-Berka. Other large banks include the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Libya" title="Central Bank of Libya">Central Bank of Libya</a> office in the city centre. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Oil_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil industry">oil industry</a> drives the city's commerce. Large national companies such as the Al-Brega Oil Marketing Company and the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Gulf_Oil_Company" title="Arabian Gulf Oil Company">Arabian Gulf Oil Company</a> are important to the city's economy and employ many people. An increase in consumer prices has been coupled with an increase in the importance of the retail sector to the city's economy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2011)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> In recent years, international franchises such as <a href="/wiki/Benetton_Group" title="Benetton Group">United Colors of Benetton</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%26M" title="H&M">H&M</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a> have opened in Benghazi. </p><p>Tourism is still in its very early stages in Libya. The industry is however growing in importance in Benghazi. The majority of tourists that visit Eastern Libya use Benghazi as a base for which to explore the Greek ruins in Cyrene or to make desert excursions south in <a href="/wiki/Kufra" title="Kufra">Kufra</a>. The two main hotels in the city are the <b><a href="/wiki/Tibesti_Hotel" title="Tibesti Hotel">Tibesti Hotel</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Uzu_Hotel" title="Uzu Hotel">Uzu Hotel</a></b>, and several other hotels have opened in recent years<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2011)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> to cater for increased demand. Handicrafts are found in the many <a href="/wiki/Souk" class="mw-redirect" title="Souk">souks</a> in the city, but are of little significance to the economy. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Skanska" title="Skanska">Skanska</a> built a good connection of speedways and flyovers in the decades after the Libyan revolution in 1969; this has made the transport of goods between Benghazi and other cities easier. Benghazi's air transport uses <a href="/wiki/Benina_International_Airport" title="Benina International Airport">Benina International Airport</a>; numerous daily flights leave for Tripoli and connections are also available to other African, Asian and European cities. </p><p>In April 2012, the Libyan economy ministry announced plans for creating a <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_area" title="Free trade area">free trade area</a> in Benghazi.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the permanent ceasefire of the second civil war, there has been a rise in business in Libya. In 2021, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_Business_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libyan Business Council (page does not exist)">Libyan Business Council</a> set up the Benghazi International Trade Fair in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Libya" title="Transport in Libya">Transport in Libya</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeliana_Bridge.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Jeliana_Bridge.JPG/220px-Jeliana_Bridge.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Jeliana_Bridge.JPG/330px-Jeliana_Bridge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Jeliana_Bridge.JPG/440px-Jeliana_Bridge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The Jeliana Bridge connects Jeliana with the city centre and old town.</figcaption></figure> <p>Benghazi is a transport hub in Eastern Libya and is an important city on the northern coastal road that crosses the country. An efficiently designed system of roads, bridges and underpasses cover Benghazi, however traffic jams and poorly maintained streets are not uncommon. A <a href="/wiki/Microbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbus">microbus</a> system covers many areas of the city and has its base in Al-Funduq. National and international bus services also leave from Al-Fudnuq from the central bus station. In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(engineering)" title="Earthworks (engineering)">earthworks</a> were underway in the city for a rail network which will traverse northern Libya. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Benina_International_Airport" title="Benina International Airport">Benina International Airport</a> serves national and international flights. </p><p>The Benghazi port is a vital terminal for the region, and allows for the import and export of national and international goods and food products. </p><p>The city's road network is generally well designed. An efficient system of highways, <a href="/wiki/Overpass" title="Overpass">overpasses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ring_road" title="Ring road">ring roads</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">underpasses</a> serve the city, and allow for the transport of goods and vehicles. The roads are not always well maintained, however, and often have incorrect, poorly visible or no road markings, as well as potholes in some roads and inner-city streets. In recent years, a rapid increase in car ownership has meant that traffic jams, lack of parking spaces and overcrowding are also not uncommon, especially on smaller streets. Road accidents are also on the rise because of the increase in vehicles and the subsequent lax in attention given by authorities to dangerous driving.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a rare RTA conflict health study, road traffic accidents were studied during the period of the 2011 armed conflict, in which Benghazi was a focal point of events. It was found that while the number of road traffic accidents had decreased during the period of the war, the morbidity and mortality of the injured had increased significantly.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benghazi_Highway_-_3rd_Ring_Road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Benghazi_Highway_-_3rd_Ring_Road.jpg/450px-Benghazi_Highway_-_3rd_Ring_Road.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Benghazi_Highway_-_3rd_Ring_Road.jpg/675px-Benghazi_Highway_-_3rd_Ring_Road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Benghazi_Highway_-_3rd_Ring_Road.jpg/900px-Benghazi_Highway_-_3rd_Ring_Road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4027" data-file-height="1872" /></a><figcaption>The 3rd Ring Road is the main highway circling the city.</figcaption></figure> <p>There is no systemised public transport system in Benghazi despite the city's size and significance. A popular system of microbuses has developed in recent years; bus journeys run on fixed routes and passengers can embark and disembark anywhere on the route. Most microbuses stop at Al-Funduq or have the end of Souq Al-Jarid in Al-Funduq as their final destination. National and international coach services depart and arrive at Benghazi's coach station at Al-Funduq with regular journeys to Tripoli, as well as international services to Cairo, Amman and Damascus. </p><p>Until the 1960s there were two small railways, built by the Italians, departing from Benghazi and served with classical <i>Littorine</i>: Benghazi-Barce and Benghazi-Soluch. But recently huge railway plans were supported by Gaddafi: work started in September 2008 on a new railway network that would connect to major cities of western Libya at <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a>. <a href="/wiki/Russian_Railways" title="Russian Railways">Russian Railways</a> is responsible for the three-year contract. In the future, a rail link may be built to both Tunisia and Egypt forming a North African coastal rail network. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Benghazi" title="Special:EditPage/Benghazi">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benghazi_Tourist_Park_(Benghazi_Zoo).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Benghazi_Tourist_Park_%28Benghazi_Zoo%29.JPG/220px-Benghazi_Tourist_Park_%28Benghazi_Zoo%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Benghazi_Tourist_Park_%28Benghazi_Zoo%29.JPG/330px-Benghazi_Tourist_Park_%28Benghazi_Zoo%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Benghazi_Tourist_Park_%28Benghazi_Zoo%29.JPG/440px-Benghazi_Tourist_Park_%28Benghazi_Zoo%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2646" data-file-height="1842" /></a><figcaption>Benghazi Zoo (al-Bosco) in al-Fuwayhat, one of Benghazi's greenest and wealthiest neighbourhoods</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is divided into many neighbourhoods, some of which were founded during Italian Colonial rule and many which have developed as a result of modern <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>. The different neighbourhoods vary in their levels of economic prosperity, as well as their cultural, historic and social atmosphere. Generally, the city is roughly divided into the following areas: Central Benghazi (colloquially referred to as al-Blaad by locals) – includes the medina, and the old quarter, Central Districts which circle the downtown – Al-Sabri, Sidi Abayd, Sidi Hsayn, Al-Berka, Al-Salmani, Al-Hadaa'ik, Al-Fuwayhat and Al-Keesh, Central Suburbs – Al-Laythi, Bu Atni, Al-Quwarsha, Al-Hawari, Coastal Districts – Al-Kwayfiya (North), Garyounis, Bu-Fakhra and Jarrutha (South), and the Distant Suburbs – Gimeenis, Benina and Sidi Khalifa. </p><p>Central Benghazi is where the majority of Benghazi's historical monuments are located, and has the city's most popular tourist attractions. Virtually all of Benghazi's theatres, libraries, best clothing stores, markets and old mosques can be found there. The Italian quarter is also located in the centre. The central districts are mostly residential and commercial areas such as Sidi Hsayn. The central suburbs are almost entirely residential and more like little towns in their own right; Al-Quwarsha is a good example of this. The coastal districts (especially the southern districts) are where Benghazi's beaches can be found. Some sections have become more popular as residential areas in recent years (such as Qanfuda). These areas are still primarily recreational however, and many beach <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">condominium</a> resorts (known locally as <a href="/wiki/Chalet" title="Chalet">chalets</a>) have been built in previous years such as those at al-Nakheel beach, and the Nayrouz condominiums. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Benghazi" title="Special:EditPage/Benghazi">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Benghazi is one of the cultural centres of Libya and is a base for tourists, visitors and academics in the region. Throughout its history, Benghazi has developed with a certain level of independence from the more <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> oriented capital Tripoli. This has influenced the city, and as such, the cultural atmosphere in Benghazi is more Arab in nature than that in Tripoli. An influx of immigrants including Egyptian, Iraqi, Palestinian, Sudanese and Syrian immigrants have also influenced the city's culture to a certain extent in recent years. </p><p>The city centre contains a few local theatres, as well as the Dar al-Kutub National Library in Al-Funduq, where the works of popular local novelists like <a href="/wiki/Sadeq_Naihoum" title="Sadeq Naihoum">Sadeq Naihoum</a> and Khalifa al-Fakhri can be found. Different architectural styles attest to the different empires that have controlled the city throughout history. Sport is also important in the city; two of Libya's most successful football clubs are based in Benghazi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a variety of architectural styles in Benghazi, which reflect the number of times the city has changed hands throughout its history. Arab, Ottoman and Italian rule<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have influenced the different streetscapes, buildings and quarters in Benghazi. </p><p>Ancient architectural remains of the Greek and later Roman settlement of Berenice can be found by the Italian lighthouse. There is a trace of the 3rd century BC wall built by the Greeks, four Roman peristyle houses, six wine vats. A Byzantine church also exists on the site, with a mosaic still intact. These ruins formed the northern part of the ancient city, which extended south and east but now lies buried beneath the modern city. </p><p>The next oldest section of the city is the <a href="/wiki/Medina_quarter" title="Medina quarter">Medina quarter</a>, which began to grow sometime under Medieval Arab rule, and is still intact today. This quarter stretches out from the Northern shores of the harbour, and covers an area roughly bounded by Ahmed Rafiq al-Mahdawi Street to the North-west, al-Jezayir Street to the South-east and 23 July Street to the South-west. The heart of the medina is Maydan al-Hurriya (Freedom Square); to the northeast of this is the covered <a href="/wiki/Souq" class="mw-redirect" title="Souq">Souq</a> al-Jareed.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_Fort_Benghazi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ottoman_Fort_Benghazi.JPG/250px-Ottoman_Fort_Benghazi.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ottoman_Fort_Benghazi.JPG/330px-Ottoman_Fort_Benghazi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ottoman_Fort_Benghazi.JPG/500px-Ottoman_Fort_Benghazi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Al-Berka Palace in Benghazi was built in two parts. The front façade was built by the Ottomans in the late 19th century, the two side sections were later added during Italian rule.</figcaption></figure> <p>The largest Ottoman architectural monument in Benghazi is the late 19th-century Ottoman palace in El-Berka; built during the rule of Rashid Pasha II. The front elevation was completed in 1895, whilst the side sections were added later during Italian rule. The white and green structure houses 360 rooms; and is on a tract of land where <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> Street meets al-Saqzali Street; south of the <a href="/wiki/March_28_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="March 28 Stadium">28 March football stadium</a>. </p><p>The house of Omar Pasha Mansour El Kikhia, an Ottoman Pasha from a prominent Benghazi family, represents a good example of Ottoman residential architecture with several balconies, stone archways, and an open courtyard containing a fountain. The home was recently restored, remodeled and converted into the Bait-al Medina al-Thaqafi museum. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian_Lighthouse_-_Benghazi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Italian_Lighthouse_-_Benghazi.jpg/220px-Italian_Lighthouse_-_Benghazi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Italian_Lighthouse_-_Benghazi.jpg/330px-Italian_Lighthouse_-_Benghazi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Italian_Lighthouse_-_Benghazi.jpg/440px-Italian_Lighthouse_-_Benghazi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="983" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>Italian lighthouse in Benghazi, built in 1922 during Italian colonial rule</figcaption></figure> <p>Benghazi came under Italian rule in the early part of the 20th century. Some examples of <a href="/wiki/Italianate" class="mw-redirect" title="Italianate">Italianate</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Modernist" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist">modernist</a> colonial architecture from this period remain today. Under the governorships of Generals <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Mombelli" title="Ernesto Mombelli">Ernesto Mombelli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attilio_Teruzzi" title="Attilio Teruzzi">Attilio Teruzzi</a> in the 1920s, the buildings commissioned in Benghazi had an eclectic architectural language that embodied a Western conception of Eastern architecture. An example of this is the <a href="/wiki/Benghazi_Municipal_Hall" title="Benghazi Municipal Hall">Municipal palace</a> built in 1924, which stands in Maydan al-Hurriya (Freedom Square). The building combines <a href="/wiki/Moorish_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Moorish Revival">Moorish</a> arches with Italianate motifs on the façade. Italians even did the first architectural plan of Benghazi.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the 1930s, with a new <a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya_Railways" title="Italian Libya Railways">railway station</a> and promenade. </p><p>The largest colonial building from this Italian period is the <a href="/wiki/Benghazi_Cathedral" title="Benghazi Cathedral">Benghazi Cathedral</a> in Maydan El Catedraeya (Cathedral Square), which was built in the 1920s and has two large distinct domes.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Benghazi was heavily bombed during World War II,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and so the majority of buildings in the city are examples of modern or contemporary architecture. The central business district was built mostly in the 1960s and 1970s with Libya's newfound oil wealth. The highest building in Benghazi is the Tibesti Hotel on Gamal Abdel Nasser Street built in 1989. Another prominent example of modern architecture in Benghazi is the Da'wah al-Islamiyah Building, which has a series of distinctive cubes piled in the shape of a pyramid. </p><p>Important colonial buildings designed during Italian rule include the Berenice Cinema (currently under renovation) which was designed Marcello Piacentini and Luigi Piccinato in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benghazi_Football_Stadium_Libya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Benghazi_Football_Stadium_Libya.jpg/500px-Benghazi_Football_Stadium_Libya.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Benghazi_Football_Stadium_Libya.jpg/960px-Benghazi_Football_Stadium_Libya.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5832" data-file-height="3435" /></a><figcaption>Benghazi's main football stadium under renovation as of October 2024</figcaption></figure> <p>Benghazi is the second largest city in Libya, and as such, has some of the best sports facilities in the country. The city has various sporting centres of different standards, such as football stadia, beach clubs (where many water sports are played), as well as several other public and private facilities. Benghazi has hosted many national sports events throughout the years, as well as more significant international competitions such as the <a href="/wiki/African_Cup_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="African Cup of Nations">African Cup of Nations</a>. </p><p>Football is the most-popular sport in Benghazi, and two of Libya's most-successful football clubs, <a href="/wiki/Al-Ahly_(Benghazi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ahly (Benghazi)">Al-Ahly Benghazi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Nasr_SC_(Benghazi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Nasr SC (Benghazi)">Al-Nasr</a> Benghazi, are based in the city. The two teams have won the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Premier_League" title="Libyan Premier League">Libyan Premier League</a> five times; Al Ahly four and Al Nasr only one. The most-important football event that took place in Benghazi was the <a href="/wiki/1982_African_Cup_of_Nations" title="1982 African Cup of Nations">1982 African Cup of Nations</a>. The city hosted six group games and a semifinal in the <a href="/wiki/March_28_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="March 28 Stadium">March 28 Stadium</a>, Libya's second-largest stadium. </p><p>The largest sporting centre in Benghazi is the Medina al-Riyadhia (Sports City). The complex is situated just south of the city centre, and houses the 28 March Stadium, and the Slayman al Tharrat basketball stadium – several matches of the <a href="/wiki/FIBA_Africa_Championship_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="FIBA Africa Championship 2009">2009 FIBA Africa Championship</a> were hosted at the arena.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The complex also has a sports hall for indoor sports, a tennis stadium and several small tennis courts. The facility was built in the 1950s and is therefore quite outdated; the stadia have nonetheless undergone maintenance work in recent years. Sports City was recently closed down for a complete redevelopment of the site. As of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the 28 March Stadium was undergoing demolition work, and a new 45,000 all seater stadium was to be constructed in its place. A second smaller stadium was to be built on-site, and the entire site was to undergo redevelopment before its reopening in 2011, and its use in the 2013 African Nations Cup. </p><p>The Eastern suburb of Sidi Khalifa accommodates an equestrian sports facility. The 'Martyrs of Benghazi's Riding Club' boasts a number of female members who, at least until 2016, engaged in sportive competition.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Benghazi is a coastal city, and its beaches are an important location for sporting activities. The coast at Jeliana is home to the Milaha Beach Club amongst others. Wind surfing and swimming are two of the most popular water sports. There are also several contact sport clubs in the city –<a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">judo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">taekwondo</a> are popular men's sports in Benghazi. In recent times, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">rugby sevens</a> has seen great success with three clubs in the vicinity. Gyms have also become more popular in the city in recent years, because of a greater concern for healthy living amongst Libyans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food">Food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benghazi_Libya_Fiori_Square_AlFwayhat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Benghazi_Libya_Fiori_Square_AlFwayhat.jpg/350px-Benghazi_Libya_Fiori_Square_AlFwayhat.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Benghazi_Libya_Fiori_Square_AlFwayhat.jpg/525px-Benghazi_Libya_Fiori_Square_AlFwayhat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Benghazi_Libya_Fiori_Square_AlFwayhat.jpg/700px-Benghazi_Libya_Fiori_Square_AlFwayhat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="1848" /></a><figcaption>Restaurants overlooking a square in Al Fuwayhat</figcaption></figure> <p>Food and drink is very important to the culture of the people of Benghazi, as it is in the rest of Libya. Many of the dishes and ingredients used are passed down as tradition from generation to generation. The main ingredients that are used in their cuisine are olive oil, garlic, palm dates, grains, and milk. These products are natural to this area, and these ingredients are very common to much of North Africa and the Mediterranean. Another tradition of Libyan culinary culture is tea. Tea from Benghazi has a uniquely thick, bitter taste. Tea drinking is a social activity that close friends and relatives usually take part in. </p><p>Benghazi is home to many distinctive dishes that can be prepared at home. <a href="/wiki/Bazin_(bread)" title="Bazin (bread)">Bazin (bread)</a> is one of the most well known of these dishes. Bazin is a dish consisting of a small loaf of heated dough and a meat or vegetable sauce. The dough can be ripped into bite-sized pieces and dipped into the sauce. This dish uses essential ingredients such as garlic and oil. One common dessert that can be found in Benghazi is deep fried dates. These are often served with milk.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notable people from Benghazi include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taha_El_Sherif_Ben_Amer" title="Taha El Sherif Ben Amer">Taha El Sherif Ben Amer</a>, Minister of Transport of Libya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Al-Sadek_Hamed_Al-Shuwehdy" title="Execution of Al-Sadek Hamed Al-Shuwehdy">Al-Sadek Hamed Al-Shuwehdy</a>, Libyan college student who was executed during Gaddafi's regime</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amal_Bayou" title="Amal Bayou">Amal Bayou</a>, microbiologist and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khad%C4%ABjah_Jaham%C4%AB" title="Khadījah Jahamī">Khadījah Jahamī</a>, broadcaster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shefa_Salem" title="Shefa Salem">Shefa Salem</a>, artist and painter</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/32px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/48px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/64px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Libya" title="Portal:Libya">Libya portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Libya" title="List of cities in Libya">List of cities in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">2012 Benghazi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV_trial_in_Libya" title="HIV trial in Libya">HIV trial in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_from_Hell" title="Notes from Hell">Notes from Hell</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بنغازي</span><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Banġāzī</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Libyan Arabic:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ayl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[bənˈʁɑːzi]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c5\/Ar-Banghazi.ogg\/Ar-Banghazi.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ar-Banghazi.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/Ar-Banghazi.ogg/Ar-Banghazi.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ar-Banghazi.ogg" title="File:Ar-Banghazi.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Bengasi</i>; <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Bingazi</i>; <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber languages</a>: <i lang="ber-Latn">Bernîk</i>; also: <i>Bengasi</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Benghasi</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Banghāzī</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Binghāzī</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Bengazi</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Βερενίκη</span> (<i><a href="/wiki/Berenice" title="Berenice">Berenice</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wolfram-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wolfram_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Benghazi">"Wolfram-Alpha: Computational Knowledge Engine"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wolfram-Alpha%3A+Computational+Knowledge+Engine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wolframalpha.com%2Finput%2F%3Fi%3DBenghazi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-population-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-population_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/#:~:text=1.183%20million%20TRIPOLI%20(capital)%2C%20984%2C000%20Misratah%2C%20859%2C000%20Benghazi%20(2023)">"The World Factbook – Libya"</a>. <i>cia.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cia.gov&rft.atitle=The+World+Factbook+%E2%80%93+Libya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Flibya%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3D1.183%2520million%2520TRIPOLI%2520%28capital%29%252C%2520984%252C000%2520Misratah%252C%2520859%252C000%2520Benghazi%2520%282023%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Reference-AHD-Benghazi" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Benghazi">"Benghazi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Benghazi&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DBenghazi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/benghazi">"Benghazi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Benghazi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Famp%2Fenglish%2Fbenghazi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424121420/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Benghazi">"Benghazi"</a> (US) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201202093710/https://www.lexico.com/definition/benghazi">"Benghazi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Benghazi">the original</a> on 2 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Benghazi&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FBenghazi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name_non-roman_benghazi_libya.html">"بنغازي: Libya"</a>. <i>Geographical Names</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Names&rft.atitle=Bengasi%3A+Libya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeographic.org%2Fgeographic_names%2Fname.php%3Funi%3D-4462605%26fid%3D3757%26c%3Dlibya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4462619&fid=3757&c=libya">"Benghasi: Libya"</a>. <i>Geographical Names</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Names&rft.atitle=Benghasi%3A+Libya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeographic.org%2Fgeographic_names%2Fname.php%3Funi%3D-4462619%26fid%3D3757%26c%3Dlibya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4461835&fid=3757&c=libya">"Banghāzī: Libya"</a>. <i>Geographical Names</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Names&rft.atitle=Bangh%C4%81z%C4%AB%3A+Libya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeographic.org%2Fgeographic_names%2Fname.php%3Funi%3D-4461835%26fid%3D3757%26c%3Dlibya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4462912&fid=3766&c=libya">"Binghāzī: Libya"</a>. <i>Geographical Names</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Names&rft.atitle=Bingh%C4%81z%C4%AB%3A+Libya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeographic.org%2Fgeographic_names%2Fname.php%3Funi%3D-4462912%26fid%3D3766%26c%3Dlibya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4462613&fid=3757&c=libya">"Bengazi: Libya"</a>. <i>Geographical Names</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Names&rft.atitle=Berenice%3A+Libya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeographic.org%2Fgeographic_names%2Fname.php%3Funi%3D-4462695%26fid%3D3766%26c%3Dlibya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4471792&fid=3771&c=libya">"Hesperides: Libya"</a>. <i>Geographical Names</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Names&rft.atitle=Hesperides%3A+Libya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeographic.org%2Fgeographic_names%2Fname.php%3Funi%3D-4471792%26fid%3D3771%26c%3Dlibya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.net/news/pages/ee1995da-6146-422c-91b5-c546d62999c2">"بنغازي-صانعة-التاريخ-الليبي"</a>. Al Jazeera. 20 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A-%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A&rft.date=2011-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.net%2Fnews%2Fpages%2Fee1995da-6146-422c-91b5-c546d62999c2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110305012717/http://www.indiancolleges.com/campus-stories/buzz/FB-and-Twitter-got-us-from-Tahrir-Square-to-Libya/339">"FB and Twitter Got Us from Tahrir Square to Libya"</a>. <i>Benghazi After Gaddafi</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiancolleges.com/campus-stories/buzz//FB-and-Twitter-got-us-from-Tahrir-Square-to-Libya/339">the original</a> on 5 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Benghazi+After+Gaddafi&rft.atitle=FB+and+Twitter+Got+Us+from+Tahrir+Square+to+Libya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiancolleges.com%2Fcampus-stories%2Fbuzz%2F%2FFB-and-Twitter-got-us-from-Tahrir-Square-to-Libya%2F339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc.co.uk-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12307698">"Japan Nuclear Crisis"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 26 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Japan+Nuclear+Crisis&rft.date=2011-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-12307698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAFP2020" class="citation news cs1">AFP, Geneva (24 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297">"Libyan Civil War: Two warring factions sign 'permanent' ceasefire"</a>. The Daily Star<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Libyan+Civil+War%3A+Two+warring+factions+sign+%27permanent%27+ceasefire&rft.date=2020-10-24&rft.aulast=AFP&rft.aufirst=Geneva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fbackpage%2Fnews%2Flibyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosamilia202318-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosamilia202318_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosamilia2023">Rosamilia 2023</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/241#E284.19">Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, §E284.19</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/241#E282.16">Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, §E282.16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHam,_Anthony2002" class="citation book cs1">Ham, Anthony (2002). <i>Libya</i>. <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>; <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, UK: <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a>. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86442-699-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86442-699-4"><bdi>978-0-86442-699-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Libya&rft.place=Melbourne%2C+Australia%3B+London%2C+UK&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-86442-699-4&rft.au=Ham%2C+Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herodotus, IV.204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEconomou,_Maria1993" class="citation journal cs1">Economou, Maria (August 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/ElAnt/V1N4/economou.html">"Euesperides: A Devastated Site"</a>. <i>Electronic Antiquity: Communicating the Classics</i>. <b>1</b> (4). Digital Library and Archives, <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Polytechnic_Institute_and_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University">Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Antiquity%3A+Communicating+the+Classics&rft.atitle=Euesperides%3A+A+Devastated+Site&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1993-08&rft.au=Economou%2C+Maria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.lib.vt.edu%2Fejournals%2FElAnt%2FV1N4%2Feconomou.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosamilia202326-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosamilia202326_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosamilia2023">Rosamilia 2023</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosamilia202327-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosamilia202327_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosamilia2023">Rosamilia 2023</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenrick201340-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenrick201340_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenrick2013">Kenrick 2013</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosamilia202328-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosamilia202328_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosamilia2023">Rosamilia 2023</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica1-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica1_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica1_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Benghazi">"Benghazi | Libya | Britannica"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Benghazi+%26%23124%3B+Libya+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBenghazi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michel Lequien, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=86weAemI-e4C"><i>Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus</i></a>, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 623–626</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pius Bonifacius Gams, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=65154&dirids=1"><i>Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae</i></a>, Leipzig 1931, p. 462</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Annuario Pontificio 2013</i> (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-209-9070-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-209-9070-1">978-88-209-9070-1</a>), p. 838</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cyrenaica suffered oppression, particularly under the fascist dictator <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a>. About 125,000 Libyans were forced into concentration camps, about one-third of whom perished (mainly because of epidemics)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keegan, John. <i>Atlas of World War II</i>. Harper Collins Publishers, 2006, p. 62, line 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcDonnell,_Patrick_J.2011" class="citation news cs1">McDonnell, Patrick J. 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Retrieved 15 February 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wmf.org/project/benghazi-historic-city-center">"Benghazi Historic City Center | World Monuments Fund"</a>. Wmf.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=locallibya.com&rft.atitle=The+Martyrs+of+Benghazi+%7C+Local+Libya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flocallibya.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fsport%2Fmartyrs-benghazi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTemehu.com" class="citation web cs1">Temehu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.temehu.com/Libyan-food.htm">"Libyan Food and the main dishes & meals in Libya"</a>. <i>temehu.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Libya Archaeological Guides. Vol. 2. Silphium Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-900971-14-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-900971-14-0"><bdi>978-1-900971-14-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyrenaica&rft.series=Libya+Archaeological+Guides&rft.pub=Silphium+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-900971-14-0&rft.aulast=Kenrick&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrC_qngEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRosamilia2023" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rosamilia, Emilio (2023). <i>La città del silfio. Istituzioni, culti ed economia di Cirene classica ed ellenistica attraverso le fonti epigrafiche</i> (in Italian). Pisa: Scuola Normale Superiore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788876427367" title="Special:BookSources/9788876427367"><bdi>9788876427367</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+citt%C3%A0+del+silfio.+Istituzioni%2C+culti+ed+economia+di+Cirene+classica+ed+ellenistica+attraverso+le+fonti+epigrafiche&rft.place=Pisa&rft.pub=Scuola+Normale+Superiore&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9788876427367&rft.aulast=Rosamilia&rft.aufirst=Emilio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenghazi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benghazi&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Benghazi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Benghazi">Benghazi</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Benghazi#Q40816" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Benghazi">Benghazi</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/northafrica/xcyrenaica.html">Zum.de's History of Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&t=h&om=1&z=11&ll=32.11573,20.151672&spn=0.17389,0.30899">Google</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120522023656/http://www.benghazi.edu.ly/">University of Benghazi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140523063545/http://limu.edu.ly/">Libyan International Medical University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/africa/5207.htm">GCatholic – former cathedral</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4558844.stm">Libya lifts 'HIV medics' sentence</a>, but then <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070116222245/http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/africa/12/19/libya.aids.ap/index.html">Libya to execute 'HIV medics'</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lexicorient.com/e.o/benghazi.htm">Lexicorient.com's article on Benghazi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061021174406/http://lexicorient.com/e.o/benghazi.htm">Archived</a> 21 October 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110224015913/http://www.paolocason.it/Libia/Pagine/Bengasi.html">Photos of Italian Benghazi</a></li></ul> <p>Maps showing Benghazi. </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://100years.upi.com/sta_1986-04-15.html">UPI Archives – Airstrike against Libya</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Benghazi&params=32_07_N_20_04_E_region:LY_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°07′N</span> <span class="longitude">20°04′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.117°N 20.067°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.117; 20.067</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_of_Libya_since_200756" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Libya" title="Template:Districts of Libya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Districts_of_Libya" title="Template talk:Districts of Libya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Districts_of_Libya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Districts of Libya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_of_Libya_since_200756" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Libya" title="Districts of Libya">Districts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> since 2007</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butnan_District" title="Butnan District">Butnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_District" title="Derna District">Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghat_District" title="Ghat District">Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_al_Akhdar" title="Jabal al Akhdar">Jabal al Akhdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_al_Gharbi_District" title="Jabal al Gharbi District">Jabal al Gharbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafara" title="Jafara">Jafara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jufra_District" title="Jufra District">Jufra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kufra_District" title="Kufra District">Kufra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marj_District" title="Marj District">Marj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misrata_District" title="Misrata District">Misrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murqub_District" title="Murqub District">Murqub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murzuq_District" title="Murzuq District">Murzuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalut_District" title="Nalut District">Nalut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuqat_al_Khams" title="Nuqat al Khams">Nuqat al Khams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabha_District" title="Sabha District">Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte_District" title="Sirte District">Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli_District,_Libya" title="Tripoli District, Libya">Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al_Hayaa_District" title="Wadi al Hayaa District">Wadi al Hayaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al_Shatii_District" title="Wadi al Shatii District">Wadi al Shatii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Wahat_District" title="Al Wahat District">Al Wahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zawiya_District" title="Zawiya District">Zawiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_of_Libya_2001–200757" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Libya_2001%E2%80%932007" title="Template:Districts of Libya 2001–2007"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Districts_of_Libya_2001%E2%80%932007" title="Template talk:Districts of Libya 2001–2007"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Districts_of_Libya_2001%E2%80%932007" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Districts of Libya 2001–2007"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_of_Libya_2001–200757" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Libya" title="Districts of Libya">Districts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> 2001–2007</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajdabiya_District" title="Ajdabiya District">Ajdabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Walid_District" title="Bani Walid District">Bani Walid</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butnan_District" title="Butnan District">Butnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_District" title="Derna District">Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghat_District" title="Ghat District">Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadames_District" title="Ghadames District">Ghadames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gharyan_District" title="Gharyan District">Gharyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizam_al_Akhdar_District" title="Hizam al Akhdar District">Hizam al Akhdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_al_Akhdar" title="Jabal al Akhdar">Jabal al Akhdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafara" title="Jafara">Jafara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jufra_District" title="Jufra District">Jufra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kufra_District" title="Kufra District">Kufra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marj_District" title="Marj District">Marj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misrata_District" title="Misrata District">Misrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizda_District" title="Mizda District">Mizda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murqub_District" title="Murqub District">Murqub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murzuq_District" title="Murzuq District">Murzuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalut_District" title="Nalut District">Nalut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuqat_al_Khams" title="Nuqat al Khams">Nuqat al Khams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quba_District_(Libya)" title="Quba District (Libya)">Quba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabha_District" title="Sabha District">Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabratha_wa_Sorman_District" title="Sabratha wa Sorman District">Sabratha & Sorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte_District" title="Sirte District">Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajura_wa_Arba%E2%80%98_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajura wa Arba‘ District">Tajura & Arba‘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarhuna_wa_Msalata_District" title="Tarhuna wa Msalata District">Tarhuna & Msalata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli_District,_Libya" title="Tripoli District, Libya">Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al_Hayaa_District" title="Wadi al Hayaa District">Wadi al Hayaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al_Shatii_District" title="Wadi al Shatii District">Wadi al Shatii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Wahat_District" title="Al Wahat District">Al Wahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yafran_District" title="Yafran District">Yafran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zawiya_District" title="Zawiya District">Zawiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_seats_of_the_districts_of_Libya73" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:District_capitals_of_Libya" title="Template:District capitals of Libya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:District_capitals_of_Libya" title="Template talk:District capitals of Libya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:District_capitals_of_Libya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:District capitals of Libya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_seats_of_the_districts_of_Libya73" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative seats of <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Libya" title="Districts of Libya">the districts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajdabiya" title="Ajdabiya">Ajdabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jawf,_Libya" title="Al Jawf, Libya">Al Jawf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%98Aziziya" class="mw-redirect" title="‘Aziziya">‘Aziziya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beida,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Beida, Libya">Beida</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brak,_Libya" title="Brak, Libya">Brak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna,_Libya" title="Derna, Libya">Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gharian" class="mw-redirect" title="Gharian">Gharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghat,_Libya" title="Ghat, Libya">Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hun,_Libya" title="Hun, Libya">Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoms,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoms, Libya">Khoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marj" title="Marj">Marj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misrata" title="Misrata">Misrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murzuk" title="Murzuk">Murzuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalut" title="Nalut">Nalut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebha">Sebha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobruk" title="Tobruk">Tobruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubari" title="Ubari">Ubari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zawiya,_Libya" title="Zawiya, Libya">Zawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuwara">Zuwara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40816#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1186" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40816#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1186" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40816#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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