CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Native American Studies Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="SAL6SE+lmqnmfAqRbO1HmX7wa+Oq42zI3c4e9kOrp1GgnUQwzPrZClMHb84cCRJFK0owXBxhtAcdJKYjjWbmsQ==" /> <link href="/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?after=50%2C49753064" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Native American Studies Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15276,"monthly_visitors":"113 million","monthly_visitor_count":113468711,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":113,"user_count":277168712,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732444530000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732444530000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-296162c7af6fd81dcdd76f1a94f1fad04fb5f647401337d136fe8b68742170b1.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-8d53a22151f33ab413d88fa1c02f979c3f8706d470fc1bced09852c72a9f3454.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-f8fe82512740391f81c9e8cc48220144024b425b359b08194e316f4de070b9e8.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Native American Studies</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">33,133 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Native American Studies</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Native_American_Studies">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34500558" data-work_id="34500558" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34500558/Irena_%C5%A0umi">Irena Šumi</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper addresses the history of the debates on human social organization and sustainability as inspired by indigenous histories and traditions, by Native American scholars. A key figure in instigating these debates and laying the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34500558" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper addresses the history of the debates on human social organization and sustainability as inspired by indigenous histories and traditions, by Native American scholars. A key figure in instigating these debates and laying the framework for their topics since the 1960s was the late professor Vine Deloria, Jr., legal and religious scholar, social critic and activist who penned the groundbreaking work of Native American post-colonial critique in 1969 titled Custer died for your sins. An Indian Manifesto. Deloria's positions from his early work are then compared to his later views especially on the subject of land as formative to, and correlational with, human societies, and the notion of corporatist human social organization. In the conclusion, the implications of Deloria's positions for current progressive theorizing are discussed. Povzetek Prispevek naslavlja zgodovino debat ameriških staroselskih akademikov o človeški socialni organizaciji in zdržnem bivanju, kot so ga pobudile staroselske zgodovine in tradicije. Ključna osebnost in pobudnik the debat, ki jih je tudi uokviril, je bil pokojni Vine Deloria, Jr., profesor prava in religiologije, družbeni kritik in aktivist, avtor prelomnega dela ameriške staroselske pokolonialne kritike z naslovom Custer je umrl za vaše grehe: indijanski manifest. Njegova stališča iz tega zgodnjega dela so nato opremljena s tistimi iz kasnejših del, in se omejujejo na zemljo kot formativno in korelativno s človeškimi skupnostmi, in na 1 I am indebted to Daniel R. Wildcat for a thorough reading of the draft of this paper, and his valuable comments.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34500558" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="77969e6d539acc931400ba5de5f5540c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54365881,"asset_id":34500558,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54365881/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4549412" href="https://almamater.academia.edu/IrenaSumi">Irena Sumi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4549412" type="text/json">{"id":4549412,"first_name":"Irena","last_name":"Sumi","domain_name":"almamater","page_name":"IrenaSumi","display_name":"Irena Sumi","profile_url":"https://almamater.academia.edu/IrenaSumi?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4549412/1884599/4156286/s65_irena.sumi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34500558 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34500558"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34500558, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34500558", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34500558 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34500558; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34500558"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34500558 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34500558"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34500558; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34500558]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34500558").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34500558").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34500558"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14768" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Law">Land Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14768" type="text/json">{"id":14768,"name":"Land Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Law?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58860" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vine_Deloria_Jr">Vine Deloria, Jr.</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58860" type="text/json">{"id":58860,"name":"Vine Deloria, Jr.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vine_Deloria_Jr?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34500558]'), work: {"id":34500558,"title":"Irena Šumi","created_at":"2017-09-07T03:00:27.308-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34500558/Irena_%C5%A0umi?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_34500558","summary":"The paper addresses the history of the debates on human social organization and sustainability as inspired by indigenous histories and traditions, by Native American scholars. A key figure in instigating these debates and laying the framework for their topics since the 1960s was the late professor Vine Deloria, Jr., legal and religious scholar, social critic and activist who penned the groundbreaking work of Native American post-colonial critique in 1969 titled Custer died for your sins. An Indian Manifesto. Deloria's positions from his early work are then compared to his later views especially on the subject of land as formative to, and correlational with, human societies, and the notion of corporatist human social organization. In the conclusion, the implications of Deloria's positions for current progressive theorizing are discussed. Povzetek Prispevek naslavlja zgodovino debat ameriških staroselskih akademikov o človeški socialni organizaciji in zdržnem bivanju, kot so ga pobudile staroselske zgodovine in tradicije. Ključna osebnost in pobudnik the debat, ki jih je tudi uokviril, je bil pokojni Vine Deloria, Jr., profesor prava in religiologije, družbeni kritik in aktivist, avtor prelomnega dela ameriške staroselske pokolonialne kritike z naslovom Custer je umrl za vaše grehe: indijanski manifest. Njegova stališča iz tega zgodnjega dela so nato opremljena s tistimi iz kasnejših del, in se omejujejo na zemljo kot formativno in korelativno s človeškimi skupnostmi, in na 1 I am indebted to Daniel R. Wildcat for a thorough reading of the draft of this paper, and his valuable comments.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54365881,"asset_id":34500558,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4549412,"first_name":"Irena","last_name":"Sumi","domain_name":"almamater","page_name":"IrenaSumi","display_name":"Irena Sumi","profile_url":"https://almamater.academia.edu/IrenaSumi?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4549412/1884599/4156286/s65_irena.sumi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":14768,"name":"Land Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Law?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":58860,"name":"Vine Deloria, Jr.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vine_Deloria_Jr?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31581647" data-work_id="31581647" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31581647/Teaching_the_History_of_Psychiatry_in_the_1950s_Henri_Ellenbergers_Lectures_at_the_Menninger_Foundation">Teaching the History of Psychiatry in the 1950s: Henri Ellenberger's Lectures at the Menninger Foundation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">After beginning his historical work in Switzerland in the 1950s and then continuing it in the United States at the Menninger Foundation, Henri Ellenberger (1905–1993) became the leading historian of " dynamic psychiatry ". This expression... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31581647" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">After beginning his historical work in Switzerland in the 1950s and then continuing it in the United States at the Menninger Foundation, Henri Ellenberger (1905–1993) became the leading historian of " dynamic psychiatry ". This expression commonly denotes mental medicine that draws from psychotherapeutic practices and psychological theories to improve our understanding of mental diseases and to cure them. Although still used today, usually in juxtaposition to 19th century alienism or to biological psychiatry, the origin and meaning of this expression are unclear. An unpublished lecture (1956) by Ellenberger on this subject, accompanied by an explanatory introduction, is reproduced here to shed light on Ellenberger's interpretation of that term. This article additionally aims to draw certain parallels and distinctions between Ellenberger, Michel Foucault and George Devereux's teaching in the 1950s. Considering that the history of psychiatry is now a well-established speciality in the academic world, Ellenberger's lecture is also an original document which enables us to trace the professionalization of psychiatric historiography as an academic discipline back to its beginnings after World War II.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31581647" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8394e57827fadd0382d60fad13d0795c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52163762,"asset_id":31581647,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52163762/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="335003" href="https://hu-berlin.academia.edu/EmmanuelDelille">Emmanuel Delille</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="335003" type="text/json">{"id":335003,"first_name":"Emmanuel","last_name":"Delille","domain_name":"hu-berlin","page_name":"EmmanuelDelille","display_name":"Emmanuel Delille","profile_url":"https://hu-berlin.academia.edu/EmmanuelDelille?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/335003/1120939/24004045/s65_emmanuel.delille.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31581647 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31581647"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31581647, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31581647", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31581647 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31581647; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31581647"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31581647 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31581647"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31581647; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31581647]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31581647").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31581647").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31581647"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Sociology">Medical Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="200" type="text/json">{"id":200,"name":"Medical Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Sociology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31581647]'), work: {"id":31581647,"title":"Teaching the History of Psychiatry in the 1950s: Henri Ellenberger's Lectures at the Menninger Foundation","created_at":"2017-02-23T10:02:27.659-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31581647/Teaching_the_History_of_Psychiatry_in_the_1950s_Henri_Ellenbergers_Lectures_at_the_Menninger_Foundation?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_31581647","summary":"After beginning his historical work in Switzerland in the 1950s and then continuing it in the United States at the Menninger Foundation, Henri Ellenberger (1905–1993) became the leading historian of \" dynamic psychiatry \". This expression commonly denotes mental medicine that draws from psychotherapeutic practices and psychological theories to improve our understanding of mental diseases and to cure them. Although still used today, usually in juxtaposition to 19th century alienism or to biological psychiatry, the origin and meaning of this expression are unclear. An unpublished lecture (1956) by Ellenberger on this subject, accompanied by an explanatory introduction, is reproduced here to shed light on Ellenberger's interpretation of that term. This article additionally aims to draw certain parallels and distinctions between Ellenberger, Michel Foucault and George Devereux's teaching in the 1950s. Considering that the history of psychiatry is now a well-established speciality in the academic world, Ellenberger's lecture is also an original document which enables us to trace the professionalization of psychiatric historiography as an academic discipline back to its beginnings after World War II.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52163762,"asset_id":31581647,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":335003,"first_name":"Emmanuel","last_name":"Delille","domain_name":"hu-berlin","page_name":"EmmanuelDelille","display_name":"Emmanuel Delille","profile_url":"https://hu-berlin.academia.edu/EmmanuelDelille?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/335003/1120939/24004045/s65_emmanuel.delille.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":200,"name":"Medical Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Sociology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":595,"name":"Medical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Sciences?f_ri=299"},{"id":793,"name":"Medical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Anthropology?f_ri=299"},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=299"},{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities?f_ri=299"},{"id":1736,"name":"Science Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education?f_ri=299"},{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=299"},{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=299"},{"id":3426,"name":"History Of Psychoanalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Psychoanalysis?f_ri=299"},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=299"},{"id":4455,"name":"Medical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Education?f_ri=299"},{"id":4995,"name":"History of Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Social_Sciences?f_ri=299"},{"id":6182,"name":"History of Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Psychiatry?f_ri=299"},{"id":11927,"name":"Michel Foucault","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michel_Foucault?f_ri=299"},{"id":13229,"name":"History Of Madness And Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Madness_And_Psychiatry?f_ri=299"},{"id":15677,"name":"History Of Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Psychology?f_ri=299"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=299"},{"id":36600,"name":"Native American (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_?f_ri=299"},{"id":36693,"name":"Madness and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Madness_and_Literature?f_ri=299"},{"id":60428,"name":"Medical History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_History?f_ri=299"},{"id":65965,"name":"Insanity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insanity?f_ri=299"},{"id":86631,"name":"Madness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Madness?f_ri=299"},{"id":91627,"name":"Medical leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_leadership?f_ri=299"},{"id":229060,"name":"George Devereux","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/George_Devereux?f_ri=299"},{"id":367676,"name":"Henri Ellenberger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Henri_Ellenberger?f_ri=299"},{"id":622780,"name":"Medical Education (Learning Environment)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Education_Learning_Environment_?f_ri=299"},{"id":1266381,"name":"Georges Devereux","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Georges_Devereux?f_ri=299"},{"id":1472403,"name":"Menninger Clinic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menninger_Clinic?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36294314" data-work_id="36294314" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36294314/_Native_Messengers_of_God_in_Canada_1996_">“Native Messengers of God in Canada?” (1996)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">NATIVE MESSENGERS OF GOD IN CANADA?: A TEST CASE FOR BAHA’I UNIVERSALISM (1996) *** Christopher Buck, “Native Messengers of God in Canada?: A Test Case for Baha’i Universalism.” Baha’i Studies Review 6 (1996): 97–133. *** Award... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36294314" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">NATIVE MESSENGERS OF GOD IN CANADA?: <br />A TEST CASE FOR BAHA’I UNIVERSALISM (1996) <br /> <br />*** Christopher Buck, “Native Messengers of God in Canada?: A Test Case for Baha’i Universalism.” Baha’i Studies Review 6 (1996): 97–133. <br /> <br />*** Award for Excellence in Baha’i Studies. Association for Baha’i Studies, 1994. <br /> <br />EPILOGUE <br /> <br />Thereupon Tekanawitaˀ [Deganawida, the Peacemaker] stood up in the center of the gathering place, and then he said, “First I will answer what it means to say, ‘Now it is arriving, the Good Message.’ This indeed, is what it means: When it stops, the slaughter of your own people who live here on earth, then everywhere peace will come about, by day and also by night, and it will come about that as one travels around, everyone will be related. … <br /> <br />Now again, secondly, I say, ‘Now it is arriving, the power,’ and this means that the different nations, all the nations, will become just a single one, and the Great Law will come into being, so that now all will be related to each other, and there will come to be just a single family, and in the future, in days to come, this family will continue on. <br /> <br />Now in turn, the other, my third saying, ‘Now it is arriving, the Peace,’ this means that everyone will become related, men and also women, and also the young people and the children, and when all are relatives, every nation, then there will be peace as they roam about by day and also by night. … <br /> <br />Then there will be truthfulness, and they will uphold hope and charity, so that it is peace that will unite all the people, indeed, it will be as though they have but one mind, and they are a single person with only one body and one head and one life, which means that there will be unity.” … <br /> <br />When they are functioning, the Good Message and also the Power and the Peace, moreover, these will be the principal things everybody will live by; these will be the great values among the people.” <br /> <br />– Chief John Arthur Gibson, Concerning the League: The Iroquois League as Dictated in Onondaga, newly elicited, edited and translated by Hanni Woodbury in Collaboration with Reg Henry and Harry Webster on the Basis of A.A. Goldenweiser’s Manuscript. Memoir 9 (Winnipeg: Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics, 1992): 36–41.   <br />ABSTRACT <br /> <br />Academic and popular interest has lent prestige to native spirituality and has brought it into prominence. The United Nations proclamation of 1993 as the International Year of Indigenous People gave native peoples international recognition. A corresponding interest in native culture has “valorised” (brought respect to) native spirituality. <br /> <br />The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of Canada took a position of advocacy on behalf of First Nations Canadians in its formal submission to the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples in the fall of 1993. The strong native presence in Canadian Bahá’í community life raises the question of the place of native spirituality within a Bahá’í worldview. <br /> <br />Homefront “pioneers” have extended Bahá’í universalism to a recognition of the richness and authenticity of native cultural values. Such recognition has been supported by local Bahá’í policy, as attested in teaching pamphlets addressed to native peoples, in which the concept of First World messengers of God has been validated. Although theoretically acknowledged, explicit recognition of native messengers of God has yet to be formalised in Bahá’í doctrine. <br /> <br />This study discusses the possibilities of incorporating the principle of “Messengers of God to Indigenous Peoples” within formal Bahá’í doctrine, reflecting a development that has already taken place in popular Bahá’í belief in the North American context. A hitherto under-studied Persian text of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá establishes the principle in such a way that its explicit enunciation is now possible. <br /> <br />The problem of historical attestation remains. The prophetic credentials of Iroquois culture hero and statesman Deganawida are critically examined as a test case. The legend of Deganawida has a kernel of historicity overlaid by hagiography, with admitted Christian influence. Nonetheless, if the Bahá’í principle of “Progressive Revelation” can assimilate the Amerindian spiritual legacy as distinct from and developmentally asynchronous with Irano-Semitic and Sino-Indic religious histories, then it might be possible to accord Deganawida a provisional status with Bahá’í prophetology, and still affirm Bahá’u’lláh’s unific role in world history, as oral cultures take their place alongside the more familiar “literate” traditions. <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.academia.edu/36294314/_Native_Messengers_of_God_in_Canada_1996_" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/36294314/_Native_Messengers_of_God_in_Canada_1996_</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36294314" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="93d0e266474da26ec7be0aa735bf198e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56200759,"asset_id":36294314,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56200759/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="184507" href="https://psu-us.academia.edu/ChristopherBuck">Christopher Buck</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="184507" type="text/json">{"id":184507,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Buck","domain_name":"psu-us","page_name":"ChristopherBuck","display_name":"Christopher Buck","profile_url":"https://psu-us.academia.edu/ChristopherBuck?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/184507/1953985/8181236/s65_christopher.buck.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36294314 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36294314"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36294314, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36294314", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36294314 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36294314; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36294314"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36294314 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36294314"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36294314; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36294314]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36294314").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36294314").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36294314"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">43</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="107" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abrahamic_Religions">Abrahamic Religions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="107" type="text/json">{"id":107,"name":"Abrahamic Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abrahamic_Religions?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Religions">Native American Religions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="119" type="text/json">{"id":119,"name":"Native American Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Religions?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements">New Religious Movements</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="120" type="text/json">{"id":120,"name":"New Religious Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36294314]'), work: {"id":36294314,"title":"“Native Messengers of God in Canada?” (1996)","created_at":"2018-03-30T18:53:10.820-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36294314/_Native_Messengers_of_God_in_Canada_1996_?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_36294314","summary":"NATIVE MESSENGERS OF GOD IN CANADA?:\r\nA TEST CASE FOR BAHA’I UNIVERSALISM (1996)\r\n\r\n*** Christopher Buck, “Native Messengers of God in Canada?: A Test Case for Baha’i Universalism.” Baha’i Studies Review 6 (1996): 97–133. \r\n\r\n*** Award for Excellence in Baha’i Studies. Association for Baha’i Studies, 1994.\r\n\r\nEPILOGUE\r\n\r\nThereupon Tekanawitaˀ [Deganawida, the Peacemaker] stood up in the center of the gathering place, and then he said, “First I will answer what it means to say, ‘Now it is arriving, the Good Message.’ This indeed, is what it means: When it stops, the slaughter of your own people who live here on earth, then everywhere peace will come about, by day and also by night, and it will come about that as one travels around, everyone will be related. …\r\n\r\nNow again, secondly, I say, ‘Now it is arriving, the power,’ and this means that the different nations, all the nations, will become just a single one, and the Great Law will come into being, so that now all will be related to each other, and there will come to be just a single family, and in the future, in days to come, this family will continue on.\r\n\r\nNow in turn, the other, my third saying, ‘Now it is arriving, the Peace,’ this means that everyone will become related, men and also women, and also the young people and the children, and when all are relatives, every nation, then there will be peace as they roam about by day and also by night. … \r\n\r\nThen there will be truthfulness, and they will uphold hope and charity, so that it is peace that will unite all the people, indeed, it will be as though they have but one mind, and they are a single person with only one body and one head and one life, which means that there will be unity.” …\r\n\r\nWhen they are functioning, the Good Message and also the Power and the Peace, moreover, these will be the principal things everybody will live by; these will be the great values among the people.”\r\n\r\n– Chief John Arthur Gibson, Concerning the League: The Iroquois League as Dictated in Onondaga, newly elicited, edited and translated by Hanni Woodbury in Collaboration with Reg Henry and Harry Webster on the Basis of A.A. Goldenweiser’s Manuscript. Memoir 9 (Winnipeg: Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics, 1992): 36–41. \u2028\r\nABSTRACT\r\n\r\nAcademic and popular interest has lent prestige to native spirituality and has brought it into prominence. The United Nations proclamation of 1993 as the International Year of Indigenous People gave native peoples international recognition. A corresponding interest in native culture has “valorised” (brought respect to) native spirituality. \r\n\r\nThe National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of Canada took a position of advocacy on behalf of First Nations Canadians in its formal submission to the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples in the fall of 1993. The strong native presence in Canadian Bahá’í community life raises the question of the place of native spirituality within a Bahá’í worldview. \r\n\r\nHomefront “pioneers” have extended Bahá’í universalism to a recognition of the richness and authenticity of native cultural values. Such recognition has been supported by local Bahá’í policy, as attested in teaching pamphlets addressed to native peoples, in which the concept of First World messengers of God has been validated. Although theoretically acknowledged, explicit recognition of native messengers of God has yet to be formalised in Bahá’í doctrine. \r\n\r\nThis study discusses the possibilities of incorporating the principle of “Messengers of God to Indigenous Peoples” within formal Bahá’í doctrine, reflecting a development that has already taken place in popular Bahá’í belief in the North American context. A hitherto under-studied Persian text of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá establishes the principle in such a way that its explicit enunciation is now possible. \r\n\r\nThe problem of historical attestation remains. The prophetic credentials of Iroquois culture hero and statesman Deganawida are critically examined as a test case. The legend of Deganawida has a kernel of historicity overlaid by hagiography, with admitted Christian influence. Nonetheless, if the Bahá’í principle of “Progressive Revelation” can assimilate the Amerindian spiritual legacy as distinct from and developmentally asynchronous with Irano-Semitic and Sino-Indic religious histories, then it might be possible to accord Deganawida a provisional status with Bahá’í prophetology, and still affirm Bahá’u’lláh’s unific role in world history, as oral cultures take their place alongside the more familiar “literate” traditions. \r\n \r\nhttps://www.academia.edu/36294314/_Native_Messengers_of_God_in_Canada_1996_","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56200759,"asset_id":36294314,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":184507,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Buck","domain_name":"psu-us","page_name":"ChristopherBuck","display_name":"Christopher Buck","profile_url":"https://psu-us.academia.edu/ChristopherBuck?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/184507/1953985/8181236/s65_christopher.buck.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":107,"name":"Abrahamic Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abrahamic_Religions?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":119,"name":"Native American Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Religions?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":120,"name":"New Religious Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=299"},{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=299"},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":381,"name":"Canadian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canadian_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":390,"name":"American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":2412,"name":"Canadian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canadian_History?f_ri=299"},{"id":3175,"name":"American Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_History?f_ri=299"},{"id":3348,"name":"Baha'i studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bahai_studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":3561,"name":"Reciprocity (Social and Cultural Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reciprocity_Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology_?f_ri=299"},{"id":6242,"name":"Global Egalitarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Egalitarianism?f_ri=299"},{"id":6337,"name":"Oral history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_history?f_ri=299"},{"id":7093,"name":"New Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religions?f_ri=299"},{"id":7540,"name":"Oral Traditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Traditions?f_ri=299"},{"id":7694,"name":"Egalitarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egalitarianism?f_ri=299"},{"id":8920,"name":"History of Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Canada?f_ri=299"},{"id":10099,"name":"History of Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religions?f_ri=299"},{"id":11879,"name":"Native American Literature (Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Literature_Literature_?f_ri=299"},{"id":13116,"name":"Aboriginal history in Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aboriginal_history_in_Canada?f_ri=299"},{"id":15149,"name":"Indigenous Peoples Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples_Rights?f_ri=299"},{"id":15504,"name":"Native American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American?f_ri=299"},{"id":18753,"name":"American Indian \u0026 Alaska Native","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_and_Alaska_Native?f_ri=299"},{"id":19495,"name":"Indigenous Peoples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples?f_ri=299"},{"id":25998,"name":"American Indian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Literature?f_ri=299"},{"id":36593,"name":"Native American Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Anthropology?f_ri=299"},{"id":36600,"name":"Native American (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_?f_ri=299"},{"id":37665,"name":"First Nations of Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_Nations_of_Canada?f_ri=299"},{"id":54114,"name":"Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canada?f_ri=299"},{"id":57889,"name":"American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":112210,"name":"Native Americans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_Americans?f_ri=299"},{"id":125222,"name":"Universalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Universalism?f_ri=299"},{"id":147877,"name":"Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":222695,"name":"Six Nations of the Grand River","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Six_Nations_of_the_Grand_River?f_ri=299"},{"id":394316,"name":"Iroquois Indians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iroquois_Indians?f_ri=299"},{"id":502989,"name":"Baha'i Faith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bahai_Faith-1?f_ri=299"},{"id":1035278,"name":"Native Canadian Literatures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_Canadian_Literatures?f_ri=299"},{"id":1273901,"name":"Six Nations Reserve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Six_Nations_Reserve?f_ri=299"},{"id":2775960,"name":"Deganawida, the Peacemaker","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deganawida_the_Peacemaker?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36047291" data-work_id="36047291" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36047291/_By_Force_of_Expectation_Colonization_Public_Lands_and_the_Property_Relation_">"By Force of Expectation: Colonization, Public Lands, and the Property Relation"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Not-guilty verdicts, mistrials, and impunity for the Bundy family and many of their supporters in the armed confrontations over public land use in Nevada and Oregon. Expanded access for private oil, gas, mining, and logging industries and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36047291" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Not-guilty verdicts, mistrials, and impunity for the Bundy family and many of their supporters in the armed confrontations over public land use in Nevada and Oregon. Expanded access for private oil, gas, mining, and logging industries and the downsizing of national monuments such as Bears Ears lead by Secretary of the Interior Ryan Zinke. A number of highly contentious debates and sensationalized events have again focused attention on land held in the public domain by the United States. This essay argues that federal land policy as a form of colonial administration has been constitutive for the logic of expectation as property in what is now the United States. From the state land cessions negotiated on behalf of the Articles of Confederation to the preemption acts (1830–1841) to the homestead acts (1862–1916) to present-day demands for land transfer, the acquisition and disposal of the so-called public domain have been central to westward colonization, the consolidation of the nation-state, and the promise of land ownership as the ostensible foundation of individual liberty. These dynamics are evident in contemporary conflicts over public lands and arguments for the transfer of public lands to either state or private ownership. Approaching the Bundy occupations as flashpoints that illuminate competing interpretations and claims to land within the history of westward colonization, this essay seeks to demonstrate the ways in which expectation emerges from particular economies of dispossession of indigenous peoples that have historically worked through and across the division of public and private property.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36047291" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="31849875393c4441410478b50334284e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55933459,"asset_id":36047291,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55933459/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2842469" href="https://unm.academia.edu/AlyoshaGoldstein">Alyosha Goldstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2842469" type="text/json">{"id":2842469,"first_name":"Alyosha","last_name":"Goldstein","domain_name":"unm","page_name":"AlyoshaGoldstein","display_name":"Alyosha Goldstein","profile_url":"https://unm.academia.edu/AlyoshaGoldstein?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2842469/2803461/40302902/s65_alyosha.goldstein.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36047291 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36047291"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36047291, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36047291", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36047291 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36047291; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36047291"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36047291 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36047291"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36047291; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36047291]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36047291").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36047291").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36047291"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">97</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="129" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History">American History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="129" type="text/json">{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36047291]'), work: {"id":36047291,"title":"\"By Force of Expectation: Colonization, Public Lands, and the Property Relation\"","created_at":"2018-02-28T21:27:07.330-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36047291/_By_Force_of_Expectation_Colonization_Public_Lands_and_the_Property_Relation_?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_36047291","summary":"Not-guilty verdicts, mistrials, and impunity for the Bundy family and many of their supporters in the armed confrontations over public land use in Nevada and Oregon. Expanded access for private oil, gas, mining, and logging industries and the downsizing of national monuments such as Bears Ears lead by Secretary of the Interior Ryan Zinke. A number of highly contentious debates and sensationalized events have again focused attention on land held in the public domain by the United States. This essay argues that federal land policy as a form of colonial administration has been constitutive for the logic of expectation as property in what is now the United States. From the state land cessions negotiated on behalf of the Articles of Confederation to the preemption acts (1830–1841) to the homestead acts (1862–1916) to present-day demands for land transfer, the acquisition and disposal of the so-called public domain have been central to westward colonization, the consolidation of the nation-state, and the promise of land ownership as the ostensible foundation of individual liberty. These dynamics are evident in contemporary conflicts over public lands and arguments for the transfer of public lands to either state or private ownership. Approaching the Bundy occupations as flashpoints that illuminate competing interpretations and claims to land within the history of westward colonization, this essay seeks to demonstrate the ways in which expectation emerges from particular economies of dispossession of indigenous peoples that have historically worked through and across the division of public and private property.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55933459,"asset_id":36047291,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2842469,"first_name":"Alyosha","last_name":"Goldstein","domain_name":"unm","page_name":"AlyoshaGoldstein","display_name":"Alyosha Goldstein","profile_url":"https://unm.academia.edu/AlyoshaGoldstein?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2842469/2803461/40302902/s65_alyosha.goldstein.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=299"},{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=299"},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=299"},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=299"},{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=299"},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":390,"name":"American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=299"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=299"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=299"},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":948,"name":"Historical Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Sociology?f_ri=299"},{"id":1307,"name":"Environmental Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Law?f_ri=299"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=299"},{"id":2064,"name":"Critical Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Geopolitics?f_ri=299"},{"id":2485,"name":"Land and Property Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_and_Property_Development?f_ri=299"},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=299"},{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=299"},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":2891,"name":"Commons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commons?f_ri=299"},{"id":2961,"name":"Property Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Property_Rights?f_ri=299"},{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=299"},{"id":3126,"name":"Political Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ecology?f_ri=299"},{"id":3175,"name":"American Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_History?f_ri=299"},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=299"},{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":3688,"name":"Property Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Property_Law?f_ri=299"},{"id":3722,"name":"Environmental History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_History?f_ri=299"},{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism?f_ri=299"},{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=299"},{"id":5247,"name":"Critical Race Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory?f_ri=299"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=299"},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=299"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=299"},{"id":5792,"name":"Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=299"},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=299"},{"id":6261,"name":"Nineteenth Century United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century_United_States?f_ri=299"},{"id":6519,"name":"Cultural Landscapes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Landscapes?f_ri=299"},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=299"},{"id":6728,"name":"Philosophy Of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Law?f_ri=299"},{"id":6735,"name":"Heritage Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heritage_Conservation?f_ri=299"},{"id":7609,"name":"Environmental Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management?f_ri=299"},{"id":8315,"name":"Local Government and Local Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Government_and_Local_Development?f_ri=299"},{"id":8801,"name":"Natural Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Resource_Management?f_ri=299"},{"id":9405,"name":"Post-Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Colonialism?f_ri=299"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=299"},{"id":10006,"name":"Ethnic and Racial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_and_Racial_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity?f_ri=299"},{"id":10469,"name":"Whiteness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whiteness_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":10495,"name":"Nationalism And State Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism_And_State_Building?f_ri=299"},{"id":10871,"name":"Regionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalism?f_ri=299"},{"id":11639,"name":"Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Racism?f_ri=299"},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=299"},{"id":13995,"name":"Postcolonial Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Theory?f_ri=299"},{"id":14768,"name":"Land Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Law?f_ri=299"},{"id":15149,"name":"Indigenous Peoples Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples_Rights?f_ri=299"},{"id":16069,"name":"Critical Race Theory and Whiteness theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory_and_Whiteness_theory?f_ri=299"},{"id":17123,"name":"Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy?f_ri=299"},{"id":18590,"name":"Environmental Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Justice?f_ri=299"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=299"},{"id":19089,"name":"United States History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States_History?f_ri=299"},{"id":19495,"name":"Indigenous Peoples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples?f_ri=299"},{"id":21041,"name":"Racialization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Racialization?f_ri=299"},{"id":21527,"name":"Constitutional Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Theory?f_ri=299"},{"id":26983,"name":"Liberalism and Republicanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism_and_Republicanism?f_ri=299"},{"id":28147,"name":"Nations and nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nations_and_nationalism?f_ri=299"},{"id":28508,"name":"History of Nationalism and Nation-Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Nationalism_and_Nation-Building?f_ri=299"},{"id":29507,"name":"19th and 20th Century United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/19th_and_20th_Century_United_States?f_ri=299"},{"id":29740,"name":"Commons (Political Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commons_Political_Science_?f_ri=299"},{"id":30010,"name":"Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire?f_ri=299"},{"id":30439,"name":"Critical Whiteness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Whiteness_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":36393,"name":"Settler Colonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settler_Colonial_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":36600,"name":"Native American (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_?f_ri=299"},{"id":46474,"name":"Territoriality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Territoriality?f_ri=299"},{"id":47736,"name":"Decolonial Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decolonial_Thought?f_ri=299"},{"id":48303,"name":"Colonization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonization?f_ri=299"},{"id":52197,"name":"Colonial Discourse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Discourse?f_ri=299"},{"id":54110,"name":"Settler Colonialism \u0026 Its Legacies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settler_Colonialism_and_Its_Legacies?f_ri=299"},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=299"},{"id":57889,"name":"American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":77281,"name":"Decolonization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decolonization?f_ri=299"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=299"},{"id":103762,"name":"Settler/Indigenous relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settler_Indigenous_relations?f_ri=299"},{"id":107550,"name":"Settler colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settler_colonialism?f_ri=299"},{"id":360595,"name":"Ranching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ranching?f_ri=299"},{"id":362556,"name":"Extractive industries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extractive_industries?f_ri=299"},{"id":442966,"name":"The Commons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Commons?f_ri=299"},{"id":626410,"name":"Modernity/coloniality/decoloniality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernity_coloniality_decoloniality?f_ri=299"},{"id":1019273,"name":"Colonialism and Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism_and_Imperialism?f_ri=299"},{"id":1019274,"name":"Nationalism and Decolonization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism_and_Decolonization?f_ri=299"},{"id":1125509,"name":"Postcolonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonialism?f_ri=299"},{"id":1222785,"name":"Constitutional Law Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law_Theory?f_ri=299"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64997053" data-work_id="64997053" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64997053/A_consideration_of_theory_principles_and_practice_in_collaborative_archaeology">A consideration of theory, principles and practice in collaborative archaeology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">George P. Nicholas, Amy Roberts, David M. Schaepe, Joe Watkins, Lyn Leader-Elliot and Susan Rowley Department of Anthropology, Simon Fraser University; Department of Archaeology, Flinders University; Stó:lō Research and Resource... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64997053" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">George P. Nicholas, Amy Roberts, David M. Schaepe, Joe Watkins, Lyn Leader-Elliot and Susan Rowley Department of Anthropology, Simon Fraser University; Department of Archaeology, Flinders University; Stó:lō Research and Resource Management Centre; Native American Studies Program, University of Oklahoma; Department of Archaeology, Flinders University; Museum of Anthropology, University of British Columbia <a href="mailto:nicholas@sfu.ca" rel="nofollow">nicholas@sfu.ca</a>; <a href="mailto:amy.roberts@flinders.edu.au" rel="nofollow">amy.roberts@flinders.edu.au</a>; <a href="mailto:dave.schaepe@stolonation.bc.ca" rel="nofollow">dave.schaepe@stolonation.bc.ca</a>; <a href="mailto:jwatkins@ou.edu" rel="nofollow">jwatkins@ou.edu</a>; <a href="mailto:lyn.leader-elliott@flinders.edu.au" rel="nofollow">lyn.leader-elliott@flinders.edu.au</a>; <a href="mailto:srowley@interchange.ubc.ca" rel="nofollow">srowley@interchange.ubc.ca</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64997053" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b48c5fee10cb94a530c8ef874010d927" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76773922,"asset_id":64997053,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76773922/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23297965" href="https://sfu.academia.edu/DavidSchaepe">David Schaepe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23297965" type="text/json">{"id":23297965,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Schaepe","domain_name":"sfu","page_name":"DavidSchaepe","display_name":"David Schaepe","profile_url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/DavidSchaepe?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64997053 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64997053"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64997053, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64997053", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64997053 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64997053; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64997053"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64997053 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64997053"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64997053; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64997053]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64997053").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64997053").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64997053"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64997053]'), work: {"id":64997053,"title":"A consideration of theory, principles and practice in collaborative archaeology","created_at":"2021-12-18T09:32:08.358-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64997053/A_consideration_of_theory_principles_and_practice_in_collaborative_archaeology?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_64997053","summary":"George P. Nicholas, Amy Roberts, David M. Schaepe, Joe Watkins, Lyn Leader-Elliot and Susan Rowley Department of Anthropology, Simon Fraser University; Department of Archaeology, Flinders University; Stó:lō Research and Resource Management Centre; Native American Studies Program, University of Oklahoma; Department of Archaeology, Flinders University; Museum of Anthropology, University of British Columbia nicholas@sfu.ca; amy.roberts@flinders.edu.au; dave.schaepe@stolonation.bc.ca; jwatkins@ou.edu; lyn.leader-elliott@flinders.edu.au; srowley@interchange.ubc.ca","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76773922,"asset_id":64997053,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23297965,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Schaepe","domain_name":"sfu","page_name":"DavidSchaepe","display_name":"David Schaepe","profile_url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/DavidSchaepe?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":969,"name":"Public Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Archaeology?f_ri=299"},{"id":3470,"name":"Community Engagement \u0026 Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Engagement_and_Participation?f_ri=299"},{"id":12222,"name":"Survey (Archaeological Method \u0026 Theory)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey_Archaeological_Method_and_Theory_?f_ri=299"},{"id":19495,"name":"Indigenous Peoples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples?f_ri=299"},{"id":19764,"name":"Intangible Cultural Heritage (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Culture_?f_ri=299"},{"id":36690,"name":"Indigenous Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Archaeology?f_ri=299"},{"id":40116,"name":"Community Based Participatory Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Based_Participatory_Research?f_ri=299"},{"id":45934,"name":"Community Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Archaeology?f_ri=299"},{"id":50409,"name":"Collaborative Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collaborative_Archaeology?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38390196 coauthored" data-work_id="38390196" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38390196/_Predatory_Value_Economies_of_Dispossession_and_Disturbed_Relationalities_by_Jodi_A_Byrd_Alyosha_Goldstein_Jodi_Melamed_and_Chandan_Reddy">"Predatory Value: Economies of Dispossession and Disturbed Relationalities" / by Jodi A. Byrd, Alyosha Goldstein, Jodi Melamed, and Chandan Reddy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay introduces and theorizes the central concerns of this special issue, “Economies of Dispossession: Indigeneity, Race, Capitalism.” Financialization, debt, and the accelerated concentration of wealth today work through social... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38390196" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay introduces and theorizes the central concerns of this special issue, “Economies of Dispossession: Indigeneity, Race, Capitalism.” Financialization, debt, and the accelerated concentration of wealth today work through social relations already configured and disposed by imperial conquest and racial capitalism. In the Americas broadly and the United States specifically, colonization and transatlantic slavery set in motion the dynamics and differential racialized valuations that continue to underwrite particular forms of subjection, property, commerce, and territoriality. The conception of economies of dispossession introduced in this essay draws attention to the overriding importance of rationalities of abstraction and commensurability for racial capitalism. The essay problematizes the ways in which dispossession is conventionally treated as a self-evident and circumscribed practice of unjust taking and subtractive action. Instead, working across the lethal confluences of imperial conquest and racial capitalist predation, this essay critically situates the logic of propriation that organizes and underwrites predatory value in the historical present. Against the commensurabilities and rationalities of debt and finance capitalism, conditioned through the proprietary logics of settler colonialism and racial capitalism, the essay gestures toward alternative frameworks for building collective capacities for what the authors describe as a grounded relationality.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38390196" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a6d83ea6efa5b4970062d3e78a20b6f9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58446771,"asset_id":38390196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58446771/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2842469" href="https://unm.academia.edu/AlyoshaGoldstein">Alyosha Goldstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2842469" type="text/json">{"id":2842469,"first_name":"Alyosha","last_name":"Goldstein","domain_name":"unm","page_name":"AlyoshaGoldstein","display_name":"Alyosha Goldstein","profile_url":"https://unm.academia.edu/AlyoshaGoldstein?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2842469/2803461/40302902/s65_alyosha.goldstein.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38390196">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38390196"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://washington.academia.edu/ChandanReddy">Chandan Reddy</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38390196'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38390196').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38390196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38390196"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38390196, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38390196", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38390196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38390196; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38390196"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38390196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38390196"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38390196; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38390196]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38390196").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38390196").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38390196"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="296" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies">Black Studies Or African American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="296" type="text/json">{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38390196]'), work: {"id":38390196,"title":"\"Predatory Value: Economies of Dispossession and Disturbed Relationalities\" / by Jodi A. Byrd, Alyosha Goldstein, Jodi Melamed, and Chandan Reddy","created_at":"2019-02-19T13:03:15.035-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38390196/_Predatory_Value_Economies_of_Dispossession_and_Disturbed_Relationalities_by_Jodi_A_Byrd_Alyosha_Goldstein_Jodi_Melamed_and_Chandan_Reddy?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_38390196","summary":"This essay introduces and theorizes the central concerns of this special issue, “Economies of Dispossession: Indigeneity, Race, Capitalism.” Financialization, debt, and the accelerated concentration of wealth today work through social relations already configured and disposed by imperial conquest and racial capitalism. In the Americas broadly and the United States specifically, colonization and transatlantic slavery set in motion the dynamics and differential racialized valuations that continue to underwrite particular forms of subjection, property, commerce, and territoriality. The conception of economies of dispossession introduced in this essay draws attention to the overriding importance of rationalities of abstraction and commensurability for racial capitalism. The essay problematizes the ways in which dispossession is conventionally treated as a self-evident and circumscribed practice of unjust taking and subtractive action. Instead, working across the lethal confluences of imperial conquest and racial capitalist predation, this essay critically situates the logic of propriation that organizes and underwrites predatory value in the historical present. Against the commensurabilities and rationalities of debt and finance capitalism, conditioned through the proprietary logics of settler colonialism and racial capitalism, the essay gestures toward alternative frameworks for building collective capacities for what the authors describe as a grounded relationality.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58446771,"asset_id":38390196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2842469,"first_name":"Alyosha","last_name":"Goldstein","domain_name":"unm","page_name":"AlyoshaGoldstein","display_name":"Alyosha Goldstein","profile_url":"https://unm.academia.edu/AlyoshaGoldstein?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2842469/2803461/40302902/s65_alyosha.goldstein.jpg"},{"id":6961430,"first_name":"Chandan","last_name":"Reddy","domain_name":"washington","page_name":"ChandanReddy","display_name":"Chandan Reddy","profile_url":"https://washington.academia.edu/ChandanReddy?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6961430/15680693/16238755/s65_chandan.reddy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":390,"name":"American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=299"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=299"},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=299"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=299"},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=299"},{"id":5247,"name":"Critical Race Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory?f_ri=299"},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=299"},{"id":6603,"name":"Property","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Property?f_ri=299"},{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=299"},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=299"},{"id":30010,"name":"Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire?f_ri=299"},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=299"},{"id":57889,"name":"American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":1019273,"name":"Colonialism and Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism_and_Imperialism?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5759117 coauthored" data-work_id="5759117" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5759117/Thompson_Victor_D_and_David_Hurst_Thomas_editors_2013_Life_Among_the_Tides_Recent_Archaeology_on_the_Georgia_Bight_Anthropological_Papers_Number_98_of_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History_New_York">Thompson, Victor D., and David Hurst Thomas (editors). 2013. Life Among the Tides: Recent Archaeology on the Georgia Bight. Anthropological Papers Number 98 of the American Museum of Natural History, New York.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5759117" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0fe4bc9444e70400943d1c4542381fa3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34735071,"asset_id":5759117,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34735071/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="245381" href="https://uga.academia.edu/VictorThompson">Victor Thompson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="245381" type="text/json">{"id":245381,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Thompson","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"VictorThompson","display_name":"Victor Thompson","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/VictorThompson?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/245381/53165/11729874/s65_victor.thompson.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-5759117">+5</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-5759117"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://si.academia.edu/MatthewSanger">Matthew Sanger</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uoregon.academia.edu/ScottFitzpatrick">Scott Fitzpatrick</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://georgiasouthern.academia.edu/RyanSipe">Ryan Sipe</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uindy.academia.edu/ChristopherMoore">Christopher Moore</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uga.academia.edu/AmandaRobertsThompson">Amanda Roberts Thompson</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-5759117'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-5759117').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5759117 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5759117"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5759117, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5759117", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5759117 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5759117; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5759117"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5759117 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5759117"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5759117; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5759117]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5759117").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5759117").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5759117"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="396" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Archaeology">Maritime Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="396" type="text/json">{"id":396,"name":"Maritime Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5759117]'), work: {"id":5759117,"title":"Thompson, Victor D., and David Hurst Thomas (editors). 2013. Life Among the Tides: Recent Archaeology on the Georgia Bight. Anthropological Papers Number 98 of the American Museum of Natural History, New York.","created_at":"2014-01-18T04:49:22.242-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5759117/Thompson_Victor_D_and_David_Hurst_Thomas_editors_2013_Life_Among_the_Tides_Recent_Archaeology_on_the_Georgia_Bight_Anthropological_Papers_Number_98_of_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History_New_York?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_5759117","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34735071,"asset_id":5759117,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":245381,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Thompson","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"VictorThompson","display_name":"Victor Thompson","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/VictorThompson?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/245381/53165/11729874/s65_victor.thompson.jpg"},{"id":12308,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Sanger","domain_name":"si","page_name":"MatthewSanger","display_name":"Matthew Sanger","profile_url":"https://si.academia.edu/MatthewSanger?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12308/79937/301722/s65_matthew.sanger.jpg"},{"id":172698,"first_name":"Scott","last_name":"Fitzpatrick","domain_name":"uoregon","page_name":"ScottFitzpatrick","display_name":"Scott Fitzpatrick","profile_url":"https://uoregon.academia.edu/ScottFitzpatrick?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/172698/355830/69836199/s65_scott.fitzpatrick.jpg"},{"id":2789551,"first_name":"Ryan","last_name":"Sipe","domain_name":"georgiasouthern","page_name":"RyanSipe","display_name":"Ryan Sipe","profile_url":"https://georgiasouthern.academia.edu/RyanSipe?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":327282,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"uindy","page_name":"ChristopherMoore","display_name":"Christopher Moore","profile_url":"https://uindy.academia.edu/ChristopherMoore?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/327282/91810/100448/s65_christopher.moore.jpg"},{"id":3844433,"first_name":"Amanda","last_name":"Roberts Thompson","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"AmandaRobertsThompson","display_name":"Amanda Roberts Thompson","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/AmandaRobertsThompson?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3844433/1408775/3954456/s65_amanda.roberts_thompson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":396,"name":"Maritime Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":1252,"name":"Remote Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing?f_ri=299"},{"id":1706,"name":"Geoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoarchaeology?f_ri=299"},{"id":6808,"name":"Coastal Geomorphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_Geomorphology?f_ri=299"},{"id":13649,"name":"North American archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_archaeology?f_ri=299"},{"id":14492,"name":"Coastal and Island Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_and_Island_Archaeology?f_ri=299"},{"id":18088,"name":"Southeastern Archaeology (Archaeology in North America)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeastern_Archaeology_Archaeology_in_North_America_?f_ri=299"},{"id":23056,"name":"Geo-spatial analysis with GIS and GPS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geo-spatial_analysis_with_GIS_and_GPS?f_ri=299"},{"id":33668,"name":"Georgia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Georgia?f_ri=299"},{"id":406292,"name":"Shallow Depth Geophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shallow_Depth_Geophysics?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41264825" data-work_id="41264825" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41264825/Robert_S_Wicks_VITAE">Robert S. Wicks VITAE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41264825" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="843caccbc01cc19ba20f544652ccb7e1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":115576907,"asset_id":41264825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115576907/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40477654" href="https://miamioh.academia.edu/RobertWicks">Robert S . Wicks</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40477654" type="text/json">{"id":40477654,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Wicks","domain_name":"miamioh","page_name":"RobertWicks","display_name":"Robert S . Wicks","profile_url":"https://miamioh.academia.edu/RobertWicks?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40477654/15247010/31871839/s65_robert.wicks.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41264825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41264825"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41264825, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41264825", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41264825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41264825; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41264825"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41264825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41264825"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41264825; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41264825]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41264825").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41264825").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41264825"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7282" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatics">Numismatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7282" type="text/json">{"id":7282,"name":"Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatics?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Archaeology">Southeast Asian Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13299" type="text/json">{"id":13299,"name":"Southeast Asian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17987" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_numismatics_Archaeology_">Ancient numismatics (Archaeology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17987" type="text/json">{"id":17987,"name":"Ancient numismatics (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_numismatics_Archaeology_?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41264825]'), work: {"id":41264825,"title":"Robert S. Wicks VITAE","created_at":"2019-12-11T05:48:35.526-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41264825/Robert_S_Wicks_VITAE?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_41264825","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":115576907,"asset_id":41264825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40477654,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Wicks","domain_name":"miamioh","page_name":"RobertWicks","display_name":"Robert S . Wicks","profile_url":"https://miamioh.academia.edu/RobertWicks?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40477654/15247010/31871839/s65_robert.wicks.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":7282,"name":"Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatics?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":13299,"name":"Southeast Asian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":17987,"name":"Ancient numismatics (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_numismatics_Archaeology_?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":36600,"name":"Native American (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_?f_ri=299"},{"id":75663,"name":"Southeast Asian Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Numismatics?f_ri=299"},{"id":143887,"name":"Chinese and Southeast Asian Art History and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_and_Southeast_Asian_Art_History_and_Archaeology?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40235325" data-work_id="40235325" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40235325/An_Imagined_Mohican_Moravian_Joshua_Sr_d_1775">An Imagined Mohican-Moravian Joshua Sr., d. 1775</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This text is a work of historical pseudo-autobiography of a Mohican man baptized Joshua, who lived ca 1720-1775. It is written in the form of a Lebenslauf, the Moravian form of spiritual autobiography, as an experimental attempt to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40235325" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This text is a work of historical pseudo-autobiography of a Mohican man baptized Joshua, who lived ca 1720-1775. It is written in the form of a Lebenslauf, the Moravian form of spiritual autobiography, as an experimental attempt to humanize Indian experiences of colonialism. It is based on research in the Moravian mission records, which contain extensive reports about Joshua, though nothing in his own hand. This Lebenslauf is intended to provide a suggestive rather than definitive account of one Indian man's experience of Christianity in the eighteenth century.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40235325" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="96ec22561cdf5e16988a240ddd8364ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60466508,"asset_id":40235325,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60466508/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="534800" href="https://iu-indianapolis.academia.edu/RachelWheeler">Rachel Wheeler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="534800" type="text/json">{"id":534800,"first_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Wheeler","domain_name":"iu-indianapolis","page_name":"RachelWheeler","display_name":"Rachel Wheeler","profile_url":"https://iu-indianapolis.academia.edu/RachelWheeler?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/534800/190935/12253908/s65_rachel.wheeler.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40235325 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40235325"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40235325, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40235325", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40235325 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40235325; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40235325"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40235325 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40235325"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40235325; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40235325]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40235325").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40235325").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40235325"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Religions">Native American Religions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="119" type="text/json">{"id":119,"name":"Native American Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Religions?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40235325]'), work: {"id":40235325,"title":"An Imagined Mohican-Moravian Joshua Sr., d. 1775","created_at":"2019-09-02T10:01:15.630-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40235325/An_Imagined_Mohican_Moravian_Joshua_Sr_d_1775?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_40235325","summary":"This text is a work of historical pseudo-autobiography of a Mohican man baptized Joshua, who lived ca 1720-1775. It is written in the form of a Lebenslauf, the Moravian form of spiritual autobiography, as an experimental attempt to humanize Indian experiences of colonialism. It is based on research in the Moravian mission records, which contain extensive reports about Joshua, though nothing in his own hand. This Lebenslauf is intended to provide a suggestive rather than definitive account of one Indian man's experience of Christianity in the eighteenth century.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60466508,"asset_id":40235325,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":534800,"first_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Wheeler","domain_name":"iu-indianapolis","page_name":"RachelWheeler","display_name":"Rachel Wheeler","profile_url":"https://iu-indianapolis.academia.edu/RachelWheeler?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/534800/190935/12253908/s65_rachel.wheeler.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":119,"name":"Native American Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Religions?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34428597" data-work_id="34428597" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34428597/Custers_Sins_Vine_Deloria_Jr_and_the_Settler_Colonial_Politics_of_Civic_Inclusion">Custer's Sins: Vine Deloria Jr. and the Settler-Colonial Politics of Civic Inclusion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">While " inclusion " has been seen as a central mode of redressing ongoing injustices against communities of color in the US, Indigenous political experiences feature more complex legacies of contesting US citizenship. Turning to an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34428597" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">While " inclusion " has been seen as a central mode of redressing ongoing injustices against communities of color in the US, Indigenous political experiences feature more complex legacies of contesting US citizenship. Turning to an important episode of contestation, this essay examines the relation between inclusion and the politics of eliminating Indigenous nations that was part of a shared policy shift toward " Termination " in the Anglo-settler world of the 1950s and 1960s. Through a reading of Indigenous activist-intellectual Vine Deloria Jr.'s Custer Died for Your Sins: An Indian Manifesto (1969), it demonstrates how the construction of what I call the " civic inclusion narrative " in post–World War II American political discourse disavowed practices of empire-formation. Widely considered a foundational text of the Indigenous Sovereignty Movement, the work repositioned Indigenous peoples not as passive recipients of civil rights and incorporation into the nation-state but as colonized peoples actively demanding decolonization. Deloria's work provides an exemplary counterpoint to the enduring thread of civic inclusion in American political thought and an alternative tradition of decolonization—an imperative that continues to resonate in today's North American and global Indigenous struggles over land, jurisdiction, and sovereignty.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34428597" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="615cc14948c05fe9cf23af639b88dd42" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54305046,"asset_id":34428597,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54305046/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67783216" href="https://umich.academia.edu/DavidTemin">David Temin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67783216" type="text/json">{"id":67783216,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Temin","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"DavidTemin","display_name":"David Temin","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/DavidTemin?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67783216/17693782/17733154/s65_david.temin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34428597 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34428597"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34428597, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34428597", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34428597 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34428597; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34428597"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34428597 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34428597"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34428597; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34428597]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34428597").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34428597").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34428597"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History">Intellectual History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="135" type="text/json">{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="813" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy">Political Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="813" type="text/json">{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34428597]'), work: {"id":34428597,"title":"Custer's Sins: Vine Deloria Jr. and the Settler-Colonial Politics of Civic Inclusion","created_at":"2017-08-31T12:17:15.283-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34428597/Custers_Sins_Vine_Deloria_Jr_and_the_Settler_Colonial_Politics_of_Civic_Inclusion?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_34428597","summary":"While \" inclusion \" has been seen as a central mode of redressing ongoing injustices against communities of color in the US, Indigenous political experiences feature more complex legacies of contesting US citizenship. Turning to an important episode of contestation, this essay examines the relation between inclusion and the politics of eliminating Indigenous nations that was part of a shared policy shift toward \" Termination \" in the Anglo-settler world of the 1950s and 1960s. Through a reading of Indigenous activist-intellectual Vine Deloria Jr.'s Custer Died for Your Sins: An Indian Manifesto (1969), it demonstrates how the construction of what I call the \" civic inclusion narrative \" in post–World War II American political discourse disavowed practices of empire-formation. Widely considered a foundational text of the Indigenous Sovereignty Movement, the work repositioned Indigenous peoples not as passive recipients of civil rights and incorporation into the nation-state but as colonized peoples actively demanding decolonization. Deloria's work provides an exemplary counterpoint to the enduring thread of civic inclusion in American political thought and an alternative tradition of decolonization—an imperative that continues to resonate in today's North American and global Indigenous struggles over land, jurisdiction, and sovereignty.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54305046,"asset_id":34428597,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67783216,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Temin","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"DavidTemin","display_name":"David Temin","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/DavidTemin?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67783216/17693782/17733154/s65_david.temin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=299"},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":2933,"name":"Democratic Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratic_Theory?f_ri=299"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=299"},{"id":58860,"name":"Vine Deloria, Jr.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vine_Deloria_Jr?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22434825 coauthored" data-work_id="22434825" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22434825/Ethics_of_Caring_in_Environmental_Ethics_Indigenous_and_Feminist_Philosophies">Ethics of Caring in Environmental Ethics: Indigenous and Feminist Philosophies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Indigenous ethics and feminist care ethics offer a range of related ideas and tools for environmental ethics. These ethics delve into deep connections and moral commitments between nonhumans and humans to guide ethical forms of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22434825" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Indigenous ethics and feminist care ethics offer a range of related ideas and tools for environmental ethics. These ethics delve into deep connections and moral commitments between nonhumans and humans to guide ethical forms of environmental decision making and environmental science. Indigenous and feminist movements such as the Mother Earth Water Walk and the Green Belt Movement are ongoing examples of the effectiveness of on-the-ground environmental care ethics. Indigenous ethics highlight attentive caring for the intertwined needs of humans and nonhumans within interdependent communities. Feminist environmental care ethics emphasize the importance of empowering communities to care for themselves and the social and ecological communities in which their lives and interests are interwoven. The gendered, feminist, historical, and anticolonial dimensions of care ethics, indigenous ethics, and other related approaches provide rich ground for rethinking and reclaiming the nature and depth of diverse relationships as the fabric of social and ecological being.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22434825" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e4990f8be9924f4747ae0d1ee0ac45b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43053935,"asset_id":22434825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43053935/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="449110" href="https://umich.academia.edu/KyleWhyte">Kyle Whyte</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="449110" type="text/json">{"id":449110,"first_name":"Kyle","last_name":"Whyte","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"KyleWhyte","display_name":"Kyle Whyte","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/KyleWhyte?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/449110/145868/11059711/s65_kyle.whyte.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22434825">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22434825"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uga.academia.edu/ChrisCuomo">Chris Cuomo</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22434825'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22434825').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22434825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22434825"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22434825, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22434825", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22434825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22434825; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22434825"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22434825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22434825"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22434825; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22434825]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22434825").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22434825").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22434825"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">25</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22434825]'), work: {"id":22434825,"title":"Ethics of Caring in Environmental Ethics: Indigenous and Feminist Philosophies","created_at":"2016-02-25T06:44:01.542-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22434825/Ethics_of_Caring_in_Environmental_Ethics_Indigenous_and_Feminist_Philosophies?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_22434825","summary":"Indigenous ethics and feminist care ethics offer a range of related ideas and tools for environmental ethics. These ethics delve into deep connections and moral commitments between nonhumans and humans to guide ethical forms of environmental decision making and environmental science. Indigenous and feminist movements such as the Mother Earth Water Walk and the Green Belt Movement are ongoing examples of the effectiveness of on-the-ground environmental care ethics. Indigenous ethics highlight attentive caring for the intertwined needs of humans and nonhumans within interdependent communities. Feminist environmental care ethics emphasize the importance of empowering communities to care for themselves and the social and ecological communities in which their lives and interests are interwoven. The gendered, feminist, historical, and anticolonial dimensions of care ethics, indigenous ethics, and other related approaches provide rich ground for rethinking and reclaiming the nature and depth of diverse relationships as the fabric of social and ecological being.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43053935,"asset_id":22434825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":449110,"first_name":"Kyle","last_name":"Whyte","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"KyleWhyte","display_name":"Kyle Whyte","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/KyleWhyte?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/449110/145868/11059711/s65_kyle.whyte.jpg"},{"id":101634,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Cuomo","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"ChrisCuomo","display_name":"Chris Cuomo","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/ChrisCuomo?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=299"},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=299"},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=299"},{"id":4124,"name":"Feminist Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Philosophy?f_ri=299"},{"id":5060,"name":"Indigenous Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Politics?f_ri=299"},{"id":7695,"name":"Environmental Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Ethics?f_ri=299"},{"id":8331,"name":"Indigenous Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge?f_ri=299"},{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=299"},{"id":15149,"name":"Indigenous Peoples Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples_Rights?f_ri=299"},{"id":15504,"name":"Native American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American?f_ri=299"},{"id":17988,"name":"Feminist Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Ethics?f_ri=299"},{"id":17990,"name":"Care Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Care_Ethics?f_ri=299"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=299"},{"id":19495,"name":"Indigenous Peoples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples?f_ri=299"},{"id":20738,"name":"Feminist ethics (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_ethics_Philosophy_?f_ri=299"},{"id":60210,"name":"Caring / Care Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caring_Care_Ethics?f_ri=299"},{"id":82376,"name":"The Ethics of Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Ethics_of_Care?f_ri=299"},{"id":309109,"name":"Ethics of Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_of_Care?f_ri=299"},{"id":526830,"name":"Maternal Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Ethics?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9490368" data-work_id="9490368" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9490368/Plural_Policing_in_Saskatchewan_First_Nations">Plural Policing in Saskatchewan First Nations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study demonstrates that that the lion’s share of everyday policing and patrol in Onion Lake and Ahtahkakoop is administered by Peacekeepers and that their withdrawal would result in a significant impact on the effectiveness of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9490368" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study demonstrates that that the lion’s share of everyday policing and patrol in Onion Lake and Ahtahkakoop is  administered by Peacekeepers and that their withdrawal would result in a significant impact on the effectiveness of the RCMP who <br />heavily rely on their assistance and guidance. The vast majority of respondents do not wish to see the Peacekeepers become a police service under the “self-administered” option of the FNPP. Without exception, however, Peacekeepers, administrators, and <br />RCMP officers believe the Peacekeepers need funding for  standardized training, better equipment, and uniforms as well as more formalized information sharing with the RCMP. <br />Under the current parameters of the FNPP, however, no such remedy is available. Without a change in the FNPP, the Peacekeepers will continue to act as underpaid, overworked and minimally trained first responders and role models upon whom the RCMP is, by their own admission, heavily dependent but unable to support. Given this state of affairs, it is recommended that the FNPP be revisited to allow for the possibility of plural forms of policing outside the First Nations Self- Administered (FNSA) and RCMP Community Tripartite Agreements (RCMP CTA) . <br />Peacekeepers are inexpensive and very effective. It would take very little to expand and improve their service provision and thereby free up the RCMP to also engage in more proactive and culturally appropriate mentorship and community involvement.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9490368" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d16df839583039181d19b34f2532e81a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35721626,"asset_id":9490368,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35721626/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1767519" href="https://carleton-ca.academia.edu/GeorgeSRigakos">George S. Rigakos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1767519" type="text/json">{"id":1767519,"first_name":"George S.","last_name":"Rigakos","domain_name":"carleton-ca","page_name":"GeorgeSRigakos","display_name":"George S. Rigakos","profile_url":"https://carleton-ca.academia.edu/GeorgeSRigakos?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1767519/619290/768592/s65_george_s..rigakos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9490368 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9490368"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9490368, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9490368", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9490368 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9490368; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9490368"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9490368 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9490368"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9490368; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9490368]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9490368").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9490368").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9490368"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="381" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canadian_Studies">Canadian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="381" type="text/json">{"id":381,"name":"Canadian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canadian_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="538" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Science">Police Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="538" type="text/json">{"id":538,"name":"Police Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Science?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="927" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies">Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="927" type="text/json">{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9490368]'), work: {"id":9490368,"title":"Plural Policing in Saskatchewan First Nations","created_at":"2014-11-25T03:15:46.092-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9490368/Plural_Policing_in_Saskatchewan_First_Nations?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_9490368","summary":"This study demonstrates that that the lion’s share of everyday policing and patrol in Onion Lake and Ahtahkakoop is administered by Peacekeepers and that their withdrawal would result in a significant impact on the effectiveness of the RCMP who\r\nheavily rely on their assistance and guidance. The vast majority of respondents do not wish to see the Peacekeepers become a police service under the “self-administered” option of the FNPP. Without exception, however, Peacekeepers, administrators, and\r\nRCMP officers believe the Peacekeepers need funding for standardized training, better equipment, and uniforms as well as more formalized information sharing with the RCMP.\r\nUnder the current parameters of the FNPP, however, no such remedy is available. Without a change in the FNPP, the Peacekeepers will continue to act as underpaid, overworked and minimally trained first responders and role models upon whom the RCMP is, by their own admission, heavily dependent but unable to support. Given this state of affairs, it is recommended that the FNPP be revisited to allow for the possibility of plural forms of policing outside the First Nations Self- Administered (FNSA) and RCMP Community Tripartite Agreements (RCMP CTA) .\r\nPeacekeepers are inexpensive and very effective. It would take very little to expand and improve their service provision and thereby free up the RCMP to also engage in more proactive and culturally appropriate mentorship and community involvement.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35721626,"asset_id":9490368,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1767519,"first_name":"George S.","last_name":"Rigakos","domain_name":"carleton-ca","page_name":"GeorgeSRigakos","display_name":"George S. Rigakos","profile_url":"https://carleton-ca.academia.edu/GeorgeSRigakos?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1767519/619290/768592/s65_george_s..rigakos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":381,"name":"Canadian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canadian_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":538,"name":"Police Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Science?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":4370,"name":"Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security?f_ri=299"},{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":13078,"name":"Peacekeeping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peacekeeping?f_ri=299"},{"id":13116,"name":"Aboriginal history in Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aboriginal_history_in_Canada?f_ri=299"},{"id":36393,"name":"Settler Colonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settler_Colonial_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":37665,"name":"First Nations of Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_Nations_of_Canada?f_ri=299"},{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing?f_ri=299"},{"id":306402,"name":"Aboriginal policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aboriginal_policing?f_ri=299"},{"id":813861,"name":"Police Socio economic condtion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Socio_economic_condtion?f_ri=299"},{"id":965655,"name":"Saskatchewan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saskatchewan?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19770127" data-work_id="19770127" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19770127/The_Peoplehood_Matrix_A_New_Theory_of_American_Indian_Literature">The Peoplehood Matrix: A New Theory of American Indian Literature</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Wíčazo Ša Review 28:1 (2008): 51-72</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19770127" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="531fc64ec9101c88d7102e57d8114db2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40835047,"asset_id":19770127,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40835047/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40455771" href="https://udenver.academia.edu/BillyJStratton">Billy J Stratton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40455771" type="text/json">{"id":40455771,"first_name":"Billy","last_name":"Stratton","domain_name":"udenver","page_name":"BillyJStratton","display_name":"Billy J Stratton","profile_url":"https://udenver.academia.edu/BillyJStratton?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40455771/11041480/12321615/s65_billy_j..stratton.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19770127 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19770127"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19770127, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19770127", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19770127 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19770127; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19770127"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19770127 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19770127"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19770127; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19770127]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19770127").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19770127").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19770127"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="926" type="text/json">{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3773" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism">Literary Criticism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3773" type="text/json">{"id":3773,"name":"Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7888" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Theory">Literary Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7888" type="text/json">{"id":7888,"name":"Literary Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Theory?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19770127]'), work: {"id":19770127,"title":"The Peoplehood Matrix: A New Theory of American Indian Literature","created_at":"2015-12-21T08:51:07.604-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19770127/The_Peoplehood_Matrix_A_New_Theory_of_American_Indian_Literature?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_19770127","summary":"Wíčazo Ša Review 28:1 (2008): 51-72","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40835047,"asset_id":19770127,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40455771,"first_name":"Billy","last_name":"Stratton","domain_name":"udenver","page_name":"BillyJStratton","display_name":"Billy J Stratton","profile_url":"https://udenver.academia.edu/BillyJStratton?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40455771/11041480/12321615/s65_billy_j..stratton.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3773,"name":"Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":7888,"name":"Literary Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Theory?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":8331,"name":"Indigenous Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge?f_ri=299"},{"id":11879,"name":"Native American Literature (Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Literature_Literature_?f_ri=299"},{"id":25998,"name":"American Indian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Literature?f_ri=299"},{"id":57889,"name":"American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_514371" data-work_id="514371" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/514371/Mounds_Myths_and_Cherokee_Townhouses_in_Southwestern_North_Carolina">Mounds, Myths, and Cherokee Townhouses in Southwestern North Carolina</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper explores the role of public architecture in anchoring Cherokee communities to particular points within the southern Appalachian landscape in the wake of European contact in North America. Documentary evidence about Cherokee... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_514371" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper explores the role of public architecture in anchoring Cherokee communities to particular points within the southern Appalachian landscape in the wake of European contact in North America. Documentary evidence about Cherokee public structures known as townhouses demonstrates that they were settings for a variety of events related to public life in Cherokee towns, and that there were a variety of symbolic meanings associated with them. Archaeological evidence of Cherokee townhouses—especially the sequence of six townhouses at the Coweeta Creek site in southwestern North Carolina—demonstrates an emphasis on continuity in the placement and alignment of public architecture through time. Building and rebuilding these public structures in place, and the placement of burials within these architectural spaces, created enduring attachments between Cherokee towns and the places in which they lived, in the midst of the geopolitical instability created by European contact in eastern North America.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/514371" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="29689c27aae38f024d05ac1b2764be37" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":7436452,"asset_id":514371,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/7436452/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="391215" href="https://tulane.academia.edu/ChristopherRodning">Chris Rodning</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="391215" type="text/json">{"id":391215,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Rodning","domain_name":"tulane","page_name":"ChristopherRodning","display_name":"Chris Rodning","profile_url":"https://tulane.academia.edu/ChristopherRodning?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/391215/122349/2609294/s65_chris.rodning.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_514371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="514371"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 514371, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_514371", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_514371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 514371; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_514371"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_514371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="514371"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 514371; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=514371]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_514371").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_514371").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="514371"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="958" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology">Historical Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="958" type="text/json">{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2795" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology">Landscape Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2795" type="text/json">{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10050" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Built_Environment">Built Environment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10050" type="text/json">{"id":10050,"name":"Built Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Built_Environment?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=514371]'), work: {"id":514371,"title":"Mounds, Myths, and Cherokee Townhouses in Southwestern North Carolina","created_at":"2011-04-06T13:38:57.432-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/514371/Mounds_Myths_and_Cherokee_Townhouses_in_Southwestern_North_Carolina?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_514371","summary":"This paper explores the role of public architecture in anchoring Cherokee communities to particular points within the southern Appalachian landscape in the wake of European contact in North America. Documentary evidence about Cherokee public structures known as townhouses demonstrates that they were settings for a variety of events related to public life in Cherokee towns, and that there were a variety of symbolic meanings associated with them. Archaeological evidence of Cherokee townhouses—especially the sequence of six townhouses at the Coweeta Creek site in southwestern North Carolina—demonstrates an emphasis on continuity in the placement and alignment of public architecture through time. Building and rebuilding these public structures in place, and the placement of burials within these architectural spaces, created enduring attachments between Cherokee towns and the places in which they lived, in the midst of the geopolitical instability created by European contact in eastern North America.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":7436452,"asset_id":514371,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":391215,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Rodning","domain_name":"tulane","page_name":"ChristopherRodning","display_name":"Chris Rodning","profile_url":"https://tulane.academia.edu/ChristopherRodning?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/391215/122349/2609294/s65_chris.rodning.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":10050,"name":"Built Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Built_Environment?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":36593,"name":"Native American Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Anthropology?f_ri=299"},{"id":52486,"name":"Culture Contact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_Contact?f_ri=299"},{"id":67154,"name":"Cherokee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cherokee_Studies?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9338353" data-work_id="9338353" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9338353/Deep_Ecology_The_Prophetic_Discourse_of_the_Ecological_Revolution_2013_">Deep Ecology: The Prophetic Discourse of the Ecological Revolution (2013)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9338353" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="26b3f656e12b9a9abd30a22bc39694d4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35595250,"asset_id":9338353,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35595250/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3923230" href="https://wfu.academia.edu/KellieCavagnaro">Kellie Cavagnaro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3923230" type="text/json">{"id":3923230,"first_name":"Kellie","last_name":"Cavagnaro","domain_name":"wfu","page_name":"KellieCavagnaro","display_name":"Kellie Cavagnaro","profile_url":"https://wfu.academia.edu/KellieCavagnaro?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3923230/1461747/96128382/s65_kellie.cavagnaro.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9338353 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9338353"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9338353, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9338353", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9338353 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9338353; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9338353"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9338353 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9338353"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9338353; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9338353]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9338353").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9338353").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9338353"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1192" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory">Feminist Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1192" type="text/json">{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9338353]'), work: {"id":9338353,"title":"Deep Ecology: The Prophetic Discourse of the Ecological Revolution (2013)","created_at":"2014-11-16T09:48:43.564-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9338353/Deep_Ecology_The_Prophetic_Discourse_of_the_Ecological_Revolution_2013_?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_9338353","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35595250,"asset_id":9338353,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3923230,"first_name":"Kellie","last_name":"Cavagnaro","domain_name":"wfu","page_name":"KellieCavagnaro","display_name":"Kellie Cavagnaro","profile_url":"https://wfu.academia.edu/KellieCavagnaro?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3923230/1461747/96128382/s65_kellie.cavagnaro.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":10100,"name":"Ecofeminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecofeminism?f_ri=299"},{"id":15149,"name":"Indigenous Peoples Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples_Rights?f_ri=299"},{"id":23342,"name":"Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=299"},{"id":48550,"name":"Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":619396,"name":"Anthropology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Religion?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_424629" data-work_id="424629" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/424629/Native_American_consultation_and_ethnographic_study_Los_Angeles_County">Native American consultation and ethnographic study, Los Angeles County</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This report describes the results of plant surveys with Native American elders along designated District 7 highways. The surveys were intended to elicit information concerning culturally significant plant gathering sites and other sites... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_424629" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This report describes the results of plant surveys with Native American elders along designated District 7 highways. The surveys were intended to elicit information concerning culturally significant plant gathering sites and other sites with contemporary cultural significance to Native Americans who are indigenous to the Caltrans D7 Los Angeles County project area. The project roads consist of approximately 400 miles of county roadway. Along the corridors on both sides of the highways, the roads were surveyed for culturally significant plants and other Native American traditional cultural properties visible above ground, extending approximately fifty feet from the highway right-of-way. The survey team identified a total of 106 species of culturally significant plants growing along the project roadways. The culturally significant plants have been recorded and mapped as “Gathering Places” (GP) with information describing the highway and gathering site.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/424629" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fe07e5aa68b35d790a14b0a5b99c35a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":118165959,"asset_id":424629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118165959/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="139466" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/JanaFortier">Jana Fortier</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="139466" type="text/json">{"id":139466,"first_name":"Jana","last_name":"Fortier","domain_name":"ucsd","page_name":"JanaFortier","display_name":"Jana Fortier","profile_url":"https://ucsd.academia.edu/JanaFortier?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/139466/36992/39729675/s65_jana.fortier.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_424629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="424629"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 424629, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_424629", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_424629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 424629; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_424629"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_424629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="424629"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 424629; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=424629]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_424629").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_424629").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="424629"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="926" type="text/json">{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1700" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1700" type="text/json">{"id":1700,"name":"Ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=424629]'), work: {"id":424629,"title":"Native American consultation and ethnographic study, Los Angeles County","created_at":"2011-01-28T07:41:44.488-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/424629/Native_American_consultation_and_ethnographic_study_Los_Angeles_County?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_424629","summary":"This report describes the results of plant surveys with Native American elders along designated District 7 highways. The surveys were intended to elicit information concerning culturally significant plant gathering sites and other sites with contemporary cultural significance to Native Americans who are indigenous to the Caltrans D7 Los Angeles County project area. The project roads consist of approximately 400 miles of county roadway. Along the corridors on both sides of the highways, the roads were surveyed for culturally significant plants and other Native American traditional cultural properties visible above ground, extending approximately fifty feet from the highway right-of-way. The survey team identified a total of 106 species of culturally significant plants growing along the project roadways. The culturally significant plants have been recorded and mapped as “Gathering Places” (GP) with information describing the highway and gathering site. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":118165959,"asset_id":424629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":2260537,"asset_id":424629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":139466,"first_name":"Jana","last_name":"Fortier","domain_name":"ucsd","page_name":"JanaFortier","display_name":"Jana Fortier","profile_url":"https://ucsd.academia.edu/JanaFortier?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/139466/36992/39729675/s65_jana.fortier.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":1700,"name":"Ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3175,"name":"American Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_History?f_ri=299"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=299"},{"id":7312,"name":"Agricultural Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Economics?f_ri=299"},{"id":59383,"name":"California Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/California_Archaeology?f_ri=299"},{"id":69550,"name":"Economic botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_botany?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1021386" data-work_id="1021386" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1021386/Cherokee_Households_and_Communities_in_the_English_Contact_Period_AD_1670_1740">Cherokee Households and Communities in the English Contact Period, AD 1670-1740</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study focuses on issues of culture contact and the materialization of identity through an archaeological case study of a late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Cherokee community located in eastern Tennessee. The English... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1021386" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study focuses on issues of culture contact and the materialization of identity through an archaeological case study of a late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Cherokee community located in eastern Tennessee. The English Contact period (ca. A.D. 1670-1740) was an extremely turbulent time for southeastern Indian groups marked by disease, warfare, and population movements. I examine how this chaotic period played<br />out in the daily lives of Cherokee households. I use primary and secondary sources to develop an historical context for the English Contact period in the southeastern United<br />States. I introduce a reliable way to identify English Contact period Cherokee occupations using pottery and glass trade bead data. I also consult artifact data in order<br />to identify patterns associated with change and stability in the activities of daily life<br />within Cherokee households.<br /><br />I find that daily life in Cherokee households changed dramatically as they coped with the shifting social, political, and economic currents of the English Contact period. Based on variability in household pottery assemblages, I argue that this particular<br />Cherokee community included households that migrated from geographically disparate Cherokee settlements. This type of social coalescence is documented among other Indian<br />groups as a strategy employed to ameliorate population loss resulting from European contact. I also find that the architecture and spatial organization of Cherokee communities changed dramatically during the English Contact period. Specifically, the<br />later communities lacked the highly structured spatial organization and long-lived residential areas that typified earlier Mississippian period communities. Ultimately, I argue that these changes too were strategic adaptations to the flexible and transient lifestyle required during the period.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1021386" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5337f537946cf4544a92d51a7de8a090" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":6236288,"asset_id":1021386,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6236288/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="306536" href="https://unc.academia.edu/JonMarcoux">Jon Marcoux</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="306536" type="text/json">{"id":306536,"first_name":"Jon","last_name":"Marcoux","domain_name":"unc","page_name":"JonMarcoux","display_name":"Jon Marcoux","profile_url":"https://unc.academia.edu/JonMarcoux?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/306536/61767/66675/s65_jon.marcoux.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1021386 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1021386"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1021386, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1021386", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1021386 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1021386; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1021386"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1021386 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1021386"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1021386; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1021386]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1021386").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1021386").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1021386"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="139" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnohistory">Ethnohistory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="139" type="text/json">{"id":139,"name":"Ethnohistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnohistory?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2213" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology_">Pottery (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2213" type="text/json">{"id":2213,"name":"Pottery (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology_?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16226" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materiality_Anthropology_">Materiality (Anthropology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16226" type="text/json">{"id":16226,"name":"Materiality (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materiality_Anthropology_?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1021386]'), work: {"id":1021386,"title":"Cherokee Households and Communities in the English Contact Period, AD 1670-1740","created_at":"2011-10-17T08:02:45.111-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1021386/Cherokee_Households_and_Communities_in_the_English_Contact_Period_AD_1670_1740?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_1021386","summary":"This study focuses on issues of culture contact and the materialization of identity through an archaeological case study of a late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Cherokee community located in eastern Tennessee. The English Contact period (ca. A.D. 1670-1740) was an extremely turbulent time for southeastern Indian groups marked by disease, warfare, and population movements. I examine how this chaotic period played\nout in the daily lives of Cherokee households. I use primary and secondary sources to develop an historical context for the English Contact period in the southeastern United\nStates. I introduce a reliable way to identify English Contact period Cherokee occupations using pottery and glass trade bead data. I also consult artifact data in order\nto identify patterns associated with change and stability in the activities of daily life\nwithin Cherokee households.\n\nI find that daily life in Cherokee households changed dramatically as they coped with the shifting social, political, and economic currents of the English Contact period. Based on variability in household pottery assemblages, I argue that this particular\nCherokee community included households that migrated from geographically disparate Cherokee settlements. This type of social coalescence is documented among other Indian\ngroups as a strategy employed to ameliorate population loss resulting from European contact. I also find that the architecture and spatial organization of Cherokee communities changed dramatically during the English Contact period. Specifically, the\nlater communities lacked the highly structured spatial organization and long-lived residential areas that typified earlier Mississippian period communities. Ultimately, I argue that these changes too were strategic adaptations to the flexible and transient lifestyle required during the period.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6236288,"asset_id":1021386,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":306536,"first_name":"Jon","last_name":"Marcoux","domain_name":"unc","page_name":"JonMarcoux","display_name":"Jon Marcoux","profile_url":"https://unc.academia.edu/JonMarcoux?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/306536/61767/66675/s65_jon.marcoux.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":139,"name":"Ethnohistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnohistory?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":2213,"name":"Pottery (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology_?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":16226,"name":"Materiality (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materiality_Anthropology_?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":18088,"name":"Southeastern Archaeology (Archaeology in North America)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeastern_Archaeology_Archaeology_in_North_America_?f_ri=299"},{"id":22059,"name":"Household Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Household_Archaeology?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12947664" data-work_id="12947664" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12947664/Encounters_at_the_Heart_of_the_World_Mandan_Survivance_Book_Review_Elizabeth_Fenn_Encounters_at_the_Heart_of_the_World_">Encounters at the Heart of the World: Mandan Survivance [Book Review: Elizabeth Fenn, "Encounters at the Heart of the World"]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Encounters at the Heart of the World" is a portrayal of Mandan survivance, in the face of Christian missionaries, proto-capitalist traders, Old World plagues, colonial usurpers, new technologies, and American military force. In Fenn's... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12947664" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Encounters at the Heart of the World" is a portrayal of Mandan survivance, in the face of Christian missionaries, proto-capitalist traders, Old World plagues, colonial usurpers, new technologies, and American military force. In Fenn's hands, the interwoven episodes of trade, war, and pestilence force the Mandan more than once to their last resources and yet fail to eradicate them as a People. Again and again, the Mandan suffer; but even as they reel with the various onslaughts, interventions, and devastations, they learn and improvise and carry forward their unique ways in new circumstances.  Fenn's energy and deep attachment to the Mandan as a living People inform the book from the first page to the last. She tells us in the first paragraph of the Preface that the Mandan "have lived here...for centuries." Not once does she slip into the past tense so often used by writers about Indians. In the Acknowledgements section at the end, she refers to "my little sisters in the Goose Society" and gives thanks "for gifts at once physical, spiritual, and intellectual." The reader of "Encounters at the Heart of the World" encounters the heart of the Mandan, and through their iconic history as a people of the plains learns something of the history of the world.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12947664" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="adab70d70fc0954aea4b75d714ae22a1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37892795,"asset_id":12947664,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37892795/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="102086" href="https://umass.academia.edu/PeterdErrico">Peter d'Errico</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="102086" type="text/json">{"id":102086,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"d'Errico","domain_name":"umass","page_name":"PeterdErrico","display_name":"Peter d'Errico","profile_url":"https://umass.academia.edu/PeterdErrico?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102086/28101/113344131/s65_peter.d_errico.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12947664 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12947664"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12947664, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12947664", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12947664 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12947664; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12947664"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12947664 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12947664"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12947664; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12947664]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12947664").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12947664").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12947664"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="129" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History">American History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="129" type="text/json">{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="926" type="text/json">{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="927" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies">Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="927" type="text/json">{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12947664]'), work: {"id":12947664,"title":"Encounters at the Heart of the World: Mandan Survivance [Book Review: Elizabeth Fenn, \"Encounters at the Heart of the World\"]","created_at":"2015-06-12T08:19:50.067-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12947664/Encounters_at_the_Heart_of_the_World_Mandan_Survivance_Book_Review_Elizabeth_Fenn_Encounters_at_the_Heart_of_the_World_?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_12947664","summary":"\"Encounters at the Heart of the World\" is a portrayal of Mandan survivance, in the face of Christian missionaries, proto-capitalist traders, Old World plagues, colonial usurpers, new technologies, and American military force. In Fenn's hands, the interwoven episodes of trade, war, and pestilence force the Mandan more than once to their last resources and yet fail to eradicate them as a People. Again and again, the Mandan suffer; but even as they reel with the various onslaughts, interventions, and devastations, they learn and improvise and carry forward their unique ways in new circumstances. Fenn's energy and deep attachment to the Mandan as a living People inform the book from the first page to the last. She tells us in the first paragraph of the Preface that the Mandan \"have lived here...for centuries.\" Not once does she slip into the past tense so often used by writers about Indians. In the Acknowledgements section at the end, she refers to \"my little sisters in the Goose Society\" and gives thanks \"for gifts at once physical, spiritual, and intellectual.\" The reader of \"Encounters at the Heart of the World\" encounters the heart of the Mandan, and through their iconic history as a people of the plains learns something of the history of the world. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37892795,"asset_id":12947664,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":102086,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"d'Errico","domain_name":"umass","page_name":"PeterdErrico","display_name":"Peter d'Errico","profile_url":"https://umass.academia.edu/PeterdErrico?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102086/28101/113344131/s65_peter.d_errico.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3175,"name":"American Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_History?f_ri=299"},{"id":19089,"name":"United States History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States_History?f_ri=299"},{"id":19495,"name":"Indigenous Peoples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples?f_ri=299"},{"id":36600,"name":"Native American (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_?f_ri=299"},{"id":57889,"name":"American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":82644,"name":"Native American history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_history?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7329888" data-work_id="7329888" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7329888/Re_examining_American_Indian_Time_Consciousness">Re-examining American Indian Time Consciousness</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7329888" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="579f6f7f4af00b7656e372da157e7a9b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33934109,"asset_id":7329888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33934109/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12779770" href="https://uncg.academia.edu/AndersonRouse">Anderson Rouse</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12779770" type="text/json">{"id":12779770,"first_name":"Anderson","last_name":"Rouse","domain_name":"uncg","page_name":"AndersonRouse","display_name":"Anderson Rouse","profile_url":"https://uncg.academia.edu/AndersonRouse?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12779770/3632759/4260643/s65_anderson.rouse.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7329888 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7329888"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7329888, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7329888", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7329888 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7329888; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7329888"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7329888 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7329888"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7329888; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7329888]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7329888").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7329888").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7329888"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7329888]'), work: {"id":7329888,"title":"Re-examining American Indian Time Consciousness","created_at":"2014-06-12T13:45:44.075-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7329888/Re_examining_American_Indian_Time_Consciousness?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_7329888","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33934109,"asset_id":7329888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12779770,"first_name":"Anderson","last_name":"Rouse","domain_name":"uncg","page_name":"AndersonRouse","display_name":"Anderson Rouse","profile_url":"https://uncg.academia.edu/AndersonRouse?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12779770/3632759/4260643/s65_anderson.rouse.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11974866" data-work_id="11974866" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11974866/Mean_Spirit_Novel">Mean Spirit: Novel</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11974866" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4fc7e1bdd6b0d24f0ac481aade5544cc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37376831,"asset_id":11974866,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37376831/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29747837" href="https://colorado.academia.edu/LindaHogan">Linda Hogan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29747837" type="text/json">{"id":29747837,"first_name":"Linda","last_name":"Hogan","domain_name":"colorado","page_name":"LindaHogan","display_name":"Linda Hogan","profile_url":"https://colorado.academia.edu/LindaHogan?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29747837/8553600/9556566/s65_linda.hogan.jpg_oh_d7d2096268143c96a135d11d93ec00dd_oe_55e34f4c___gda___1441094853_1da60d7ad9de569edf0f727a4947fbb3"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11974866 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11974866"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11974866, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11974866", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11974866 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11974866; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11974866"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11974866 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11974866"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11974866; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11974866]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11974866").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11974866").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11974866"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creative_Writing">Creative Writing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1" type="text/json">{"id":1,"name":"Creative Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creative_Writing?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biology">Marine Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="158" type="text/json">{"id":158,"name":"Marine Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11974866]'), work: {"id":11974866,"title":"Mean Spirit: Novel","created_at":"2015-04-16T10:04:06.866-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11974866/Mean_Spirit_Novel?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_11974866","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37376831,"asset_id":11974866,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29747837,"first_name":"Linda","last_name":"Hogan","domain_name":"colorado","page_name":"LindaHogan","display_name":"Linda Hogan","profile_url":"https://colorado.academia.edu/LindaHogan?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29747837/8553600/9556566/s65_linda.hogan.jpg_oh_d7d2096268143c96a135d11d93ec00dd_oe_55e34f4c___gda___1441094853_1da60d7ad9de569edf0f727a4947fbb3"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1,"name":"Creative Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creative_Writing?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":158,"name":"Marine Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=299"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28224257" data-work_id="28224257" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28224257/1786_1800_Oka_Mission_Parish_registers_Kanehsatake_OKA_Explications_ci_bas_Explanations_below_">1786-1800 Oka Mission Parish registers, Kanehsatake, OKA (Explications ci-bas/ Explanations below)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">(Cet exposé n'est qu'une esquisse sans pretention) (This presentation is simply an unpretentious sketch) ---The term "Métis" used in this research is not associated to the Métis Nation or to any "Métis organisms," it was simply used to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28224257" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">(Cet exposé n'est qu'une esquisse sans pretention) (This presentation is simply an unpretentious sketch) <br />---The term "Métis" used in this research is not associated to the Métis Nation or to any "Métis organisms," it was simply used to define somebody from mixed origins or/and culture, and/or adopted or incorporated within a First nation. <br />---Le terme « Métis » utilisé dans cette recherche n'est pas associé à la nation métisse ou à des « organismes métis », il a simplement été utilisé pour définir une personne d'origines et/ou de culture mixtes, et/ou adoptée ou incorporée au sein d'une Première nation. <br />The present study is the first part of a series of analysis from archives of the historical period between 1786 to 1940 exposing parish registers partially transcribed, shedding light on natives individuals from 1786 to 1800. <br /> <br />For the present presentation, parish archives from 1786 to 1800 were analyzed in order to get a good look at the population then, and the relationships occurring between them and the Sulpicians. The microfilms of parish registers available only started in 1786, since the previous registers from 1721 to 1786 have been destroyed in a fire in 1922. The main complexity remaining in the destructions of the originals is that after this date, a double was conserved, and extracted by Bishop Guillaume Forbes, but unfortunately, only a few registers concerning natives were present. <br /> <br />Through, the parish registers between 1786 to 1940 available on microfilms at Library and Archives Canada (LAC) and at the National Archives of Quebec (BAnQ), Eric Pouliot-Thisdale, the author of this new and updated study, gathered important informations which were never described up to now, with enlightening historical and sociological observation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28224257" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b95c0590917ae91ac90159028591af4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49039841,"asset_id":28224257,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49039841/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31428596" href="https://uqam.academia.edu/EricPThisdale">Eric Pouliot-Thisdale</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31428596" type="text/json">{"id":31428596,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Pouliot-Thisdale","domain_name":"uqam","page_name":"EricPThisdale","display_name":"Eric Pouliot-Thisdale","profile_url":"https://uqam.academia.edu/EricPThisdale?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31428596/10505170/155644013/s65_eric.pouliot-thisdale.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28224257 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28224257"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28224257, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28224257", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28224257 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28224257; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28224257"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28224257 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28224257"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28224257; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28224257]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28224257").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28224257").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28224257"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="207" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Demography">Social Demography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="207" type="text/json">{"id":207,"name":"Social Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Demography?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36593" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Anthropology">Native American Anthropology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="36593" type="text/json">{"id":36593,"name":"Native American Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Anthropology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28224257]'), work: {"id":28224257,"title":"1786-1800 Oka Mission Parish registers, Kanehsatake, OKA (Explications ci-bas/ Explanations below)","created_at":"2016-09-03T07:12:34.706-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28224257/1786_1800_Oka_Mission_Parish_registers_Kanehsatake_OKA_Explications_ci_bas_Explanations_below_?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_28224257","summary":"(Cet exposé n'est qu'une esquisse sans pretention) (This presentation is simply an unpretentious sketch)\r\n---The term \"Métis\" used in this research is not associated to the Métis Nation or to any \"Métis organisms,\" it was simply used to define somebody from mixed origins or/and culture, and/or adopted or incorporated within a First nation.\r\n---Le terme « Métis » utilisé dans cette recherche n'est pas associé à la nation métisse ou à des « organismes métis », il a simplement été utilisé pour définir une personne d'origines et/ou de culture mixtes, et/ou adoptée ou incorporée au sein d'une Première nation.\r\nThe present study is the first part of a series of analysis from archives of the historical period between 1786 to 1940 exposing parish registers partially transcribed, shedding light on natives individuals from 1786 to 1800.\r\n\r\nFor the present presentation, parish archives from 1786 to 1800 were analyzed in order to get a good look at the population then, and the relationships occurring between them and the Sulpicians. The microfilms of parish registers available only started in 1786, since the previous registers from 1721 to 1786 have been destroyed in a fire in 1922. The main complexity remaining in the destructions of the originals is that after this date, a double was conserved, and extracted by Bishop Guillaume Forbes, but unfortunately, only a few registers concerning natives were present. \r\n\r\nThrough, the parish registers between 1786 to 1940 available on microfilms at Library and Archives Canada (LAC) and at the National Archives of Quebec (BAnQ), Eric Pouliot-Thisdale, the author of this new and updated study, gathered important informations which were never described up to now, with enlightening historical and sociological observation. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49039841,"asset_id":28224257,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31428596,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Pouliot-Thisdale","domain_name":"uqam","page_name":"EricPThisdale","display_name":"Eric Pouliot-Thisdale","profile_url":"https://uqam.academia.edu/EricPThisdale?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31428596/10505170/155644013/s65_eric.pouliot-thisdale.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":207,"name":"Social Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Demography?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":36593,"name":"Native American Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Anthropology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39929953 coauthored" data-work_id="39929953" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39929953/A_Cultural_Comparison_of_Dark_Constellations_of_the_Milky_Way">A Cultural Comparison of Dark Constellations of the Milky Way</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cultures around the world find meaning in the shapes of stars and features in the Milky Way. The striking appearance of our galaxy in the night sky serves as a reference to traditional knowledge, encoding science and culture to a memory... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39929953" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cultures around the world find meaning in the shapes of stars and features in the Milky Way. The striking appearance of our galaxy in the night sky serves as a reference to traditional knowledge, encoding science and culture to a memory space, becoming part of their overarching cosmologies. This paper examines traditional views of the Milky Way from cultures around the world, primarily in the Southern Hemisphere. These views comprise dark constellations: familiar shapes made up of the dark dust lanes in the Milky Way, rather than the bright stars. Some of the better-known examples include the celestial emu from Aboriginal traditions of Australia, and the llama in Inca traditions of the Andes. We conduct a comparative analysis of cultural perceptions of dark constellations in the Milky Way, examining common cultural themes and meanings at the crossroads of Indigenous Knowledge and Western science.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39929953" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce8c66bb2fe2d263c3ccae76e2a0580d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64526583,"asset_id":39929953,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64526583/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7981" href="https://unimelb.academia.edu/DuaneHamacher">Duane Hamacher</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7981" type="text/json">{"id":7981,"first_name":"Duane","last_name":"Hamacher","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"DuaneHamacher","display_name":"Duane Hamacher","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/DuaneHamacher?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7981/2871/30236797/s65_duane.hamacher.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-39929953">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-39929953"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unah.academia.edu/JavierMejuto">Javier Mejuto</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-39929953'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-39929953').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39929953 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39929953"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39929953, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39929953", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39929953 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39929953; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39929953"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39929953 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39929953"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39929953; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39929953]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39929953").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39929953").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39929953"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39929953]'), work: {"id":39929953,"title":"A Cultural Comparison of Dark Constellations of the Milky Way","created_at":"2019-07-25T18:55:19.618-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39929953/A_Cultural_Comparison_of_Dark_Constellations_of_the_Milky_Way?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_39929953","summary":"Cultures around the world find meaning in the shapes of stars and features in the Milky Way. The striking appearance of our galaxy in the night sky serves as a reference to traditional knowledge, encoding science and culture to a memory space, becoming part of their overarching cosmologies. This paper examines traditional views of the Milky Way from cultures around the world, primarily in the Southern Hemisphere. These views comprise dark constellations: familiar shapes made up of the dark dust lanes in the Milky Way, rather than the bright stars. Some of the better-known examples include the celestial emu from Aboriginal traditions of Australia, and the llama in Inca traditions of the Andes. We conduct a comparative analysis of cultural perceptions of dark constellations in the Milky Way, examining common cultural themes and meanings at the crossroads of Indigenous Knowledge and Western science.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64526583,"asset_id":39929953,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7981,"first_name":"Duane","last_name":"Hamacher","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"DuaneHamacher","display_name":"Duane Hamacher","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/DuaneHamacher?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7981/2871/30236797/s65_duane.hamacher.jpg"},{"id":827313,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Mejuto","domain_name":"unah","page_name":"JavierMejuto","display_name":"Javier Mejuto","profile_url":"https://unah.academia.edu/JavierMejuto?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/827313/51062713/39118776/s65_javier.mejuto.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=299"},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=299"},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=299"},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=299"},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=299"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=299"},{"id":6337,"name":"Oral history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_history?f_ri=299"},{"id":7540,"name":"Oral Traditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Traditions?f_ri=299"},{"id":8331,"name":"Indigenous Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge?f_ri=299"},{"id":10088,"name":"History of Astronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Astronomy?f_ri=299"},{"id":19495,"name":"Indigenous Peoples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples?f_ri=299"},{"id":23342,"name":"Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=299"},{"id":36190,"name":"Cultural Astronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Astronomy?f_ri=299"},{"id":47599,"name":"Astronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astronomy?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30568559" data-work_id="30568559" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30568559/The_Beauty_of_the_Primitive_Shamanism_and_Western_Imagination_Oxford_University_Press_2007_464_pp_PDF">The Beauty of the Primitive: Shamanism and Western Imagination (Oxford University Press, 2007) 464 pp. PDF</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">For the past forty years shamanism has drawn increasing attention among the general public and academics. There is an enormous literature on shamanism, but no one has tried to understand why and how Western intellectual and popular... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30568559" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">For the past forty years shamanism has drawn increasing attention among the general public and academics. There is an enormous literature on shamanism, but no one has tried to understand why and how Western intellectual and popular culture became so fascinated with the topic. Behind fictional and non-fictional works on shamanism, Andrei A. Znamenski uncovers an exciting story that mirrors changing Western attitudes toward the primitive. The Beauty of the Primitive explores how shamanism, an obscure word introduced by the eighteenth-century German explorers of Siberia, entered Western humanities and social sciences, and has now become a powerful idiom used by nature and pagan communities to situate their spiritual quests and anti-modernity sentiments. The major characters of The Beauty of the Primitive are past and present Western scholars, writers, explorers, and spiritual seekers with a variety of views on shamanism. Moving from Enlightenment and Romantic writers and Russian exile ethnographers to the anthropology of Franz Boas to Mircea Eliade and Carlos Castaneda, Znamenski details how the shamanism idiom was gradually transplanted from Siberia to the Native American scene and beyond. He also looks into the circumstances that prompted scholars and writers at first to marginalize shamanism as a mental disorder and then to recast it as high spiritual wisdom in the 1960s and the 1970s. Linking the growing interest in shamanism to the rise of anti-modernism in Western culture and intellectual life, Znamenski examines the role that anthropology, psychology, environmentalism, and Native Americana have played in the emergence of neo-shamanism. He discusses the sources that inspire Western neo-shamans and seeks to explain why lately many of these spiritual seekers have increasingly moved away from non-Western tradition to European folklore. A work of intellectual discovery, The Beauty of the Primitive shows how scholars, writers, and spiritual seekers shape their writings and experiences to suit contemporary cultural, ideological, and spiritual needs. With its interdisciplinary approach and engaging style, it promises to be the definitive account of this neglected strand of intellectual history.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30568559" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="43ded5f88747a3f90af38a6508753cde" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51010472,"asset_id":30568559,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51010472/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5266637" href="https://memphis.academia.edu/AndreiZnamenski">Andrei Znamenski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5266637" type="text/json">{"id":5266637,"first_name":"Andrei","last_name":"Znamenski","domain_name":"memphis","page_name":"AndreiZnamenski","display_name":"Andrei Znamenski","profile_url":"https://memphis.academia.edu/AndreiZnamenski?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5266637/2317130/2703656/s65_andrei.znamenski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30568559 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30568559"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30568559, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30568559", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30568559 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30568559; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30568559"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30568559 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30568559"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30568559; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30568559]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30568559").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30568559").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30568559"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">27</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3783" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Spirituality">Contemporary Spirituality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3783" type="text/json">{"id":3783,"name":"Contemporary Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Spirituality?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality">Spirituality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3815" type="text/json">{"id":3815,"name":"Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5177" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Countercultural_Studies">Countercultural Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5177" type="text/json">{"id":5177,"name":"Countercultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Countercultural_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30568559]'), work: {"id":30568559,"title":"The Beauty of the Primitive: Shamanism and Western Imagination (Oxford University Press, 2007) 464 pp. PDF","created_at":"2016-12-21T20:32:08.740-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30568559/The_Beauty_of_the_Primitive_Shamanism_and_Western_Imagination_Oxford_University_Press_2007_464_pp_PDF?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_30568559","summary":"For the past forty years shamanism has drawn increasing attention among the general public and academics. There is an enormous literature on shamanism, but no one has tried to understand why and how Western intellectual and popular culture became so fascinated with the topic. Behind fictional and non-fictional works on shamanism, Andrei A. Znamenski uncovers an exciting story that mirrors changing Western attitudes toward the primitive. The Beauty of the Primitive explores how shamanism, an obscure word introduced by the eighteenth-century German explorers of Siberia, entered Western humanities and social sciences, and has now become a powerful idiom used by nature and pagan communities to situate their spiritual quests and anti-modernity sentiments. The major characters of The Beauty of the Primitive are past and present Western scholars, writers, explorers, and spiritual seekers with a variety of views on shamanism. Moving from Enlightenment and Romantic writers and Russian exile ethnographers to the anthropology of Franz Boas to Mircea Eliade and Carlos Castaneda, Znamenski details how the shamanism idiom was gradually transplanted from Siberia to the Native American scene and beyond. He also looks into the circumstances that prompted scholars and writers at first to marginalize shamanism as a mental disorder and then to recast it as high spiritual wisdom in the 1960s and the 1970s. Linking the growing interest in shamanism to the rise of anti-modernism in Western culture and intellectual life, Znamenski examines the role that anthropology, psychology, environmentalism, and Native Americana have played in the emergence of neo-shamanism. He discusses the sources that inspire Western neo-shamans and seeks to explain why lately many of these spiritual seekers have increasingly moved away from non-Western tradition to European folklore. A work of intellectual discovery, The Beauty of the Primitive shows how scholars, writers, and spiritual seekers shape their writings and experiences to suit contemporary cultural, ideological, and spiritual needs. With its interdisciplinary approach and engaging style, it promises to be the definitive account of this neglected strand of intellectual history.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51010472,"asset_id":30568559,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5266637,"first_name":"Andrei","last_name":"Znamenski","domain_name":"memphis","page_name":"AndreiZnamenski","display_name":"Andrei Znamenski","profile_url":"https://memphis.academia.edu/AndreiZnamenski?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5266637/2317130/2703656/s65_andrei.znamenski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3783,"name":"Contemporary Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Spirituality?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3815,"name":"Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":5177,"name":"Countercultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Countercultural_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":5408,"name":"Magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic?f_ri=299"},{"id":5472,"name":"Jungian psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jungian_psychology?f_ri=299"},{"id":6555,"name":"Shamanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shamanism?f_ri=299"},{"id":7092,"name":"Pagan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pagan_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":9733,"name":"Siberia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Siberia?f_ri=299"},{"id":15504,"name":"Native American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American?f_ri=299"},{"id":19990,"name":"Magic and the Occult (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic_and_the_Occult_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=299"},{"id":24149,"name":"Occultism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occultism?f_ri=299"},{"id":26359,"name":"Anthropology of Shamanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Shamanism?f_ri=299"},{"id":28094,"name":"New Age spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Age_spirituality?f_ri=299"},{"id":30248,"name":"Neo-Paganism and Western Esotericism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neo-Paganism_and_Western_Esotericism?f_ri=299"},{"id":39733,"name":"Neo-Paganism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neo-Paganism?f_ri=299"},{"id":52010,"name":"Mircea Eliade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mircea_Eliade?f_ri=299"},{"id":58803,"name":"Carlos Castaneda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carlos_Castaneda?f_ri=299"},{"id":58930,"name":"Esotericism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Esotericism?f_ri=299"},{"id":60357,"name":"Western Esotericism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Esotericism?f_ri=299"},{"id":101153,"name":"Shamanic Possession, Trance, and Altered States of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shamanic_Possession_Trance_and_Altered_States_of_Consciousness?f_ri=299"},{"id":110894,"name":"Ayahuasca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ayahuasca?f_ri=299"},{"id":111408,"name":"Shamanism, Pagan studies, Animism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shamanism_Pagan_studies_Animism?f_ri=299"},{"id":123911,"name":"Shamanism and Shamanic Healing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shamanism_and_Shamanic_Healing?f_ri=299"},{"id":127039,"name":"Siberian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Siberian_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":619396,"name":"Anthropology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Religion?f_ri=299"},{"id":1222772,"name":"Religious and Magical Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_and_Magical_Practices?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19538548" data-work_id="19538548" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19538548/1836_Half_Breed_Census_Register_Ottawa_and_Chippewa_Treaty_of_March_28_1836">1836 Half-Breed Census Register. Ottawa and Chippewa Treaty of March 28, 1836.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Under the Ottawa and Chippewa Treaty of March 28, 1836, a provision was made to pay certain sums to members of the mixed-blood individuals of the two tribes. A commissioner was appointed to create a census register of these mixed-bloods... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19538548" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Under the Ottawa and Chippewa Treaty of March 28, 1836, a provision was made to pay certain sums to members of the mixed-blood individuals of the two tribes.  A commissioner was appointed to create a census register of these mixed-bloods and determine who was eligible to receive payment under this provision.  His census of 584 individuals is transcribed in this report along with his instructions from, and his report to, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19538548" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b363b1f73eed3aea3b7c6d623ca58162" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40682714,"asset_id":19538548,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40682714/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32876706" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/LarryWyckoff">Larry Wyckoff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32876706" type="text/json">{"id":32876706,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Wyckoff","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"LarryWyckoff","display_name":"Larry Wyckoff","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/LarryWyckoff?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19538548 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19538548"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19538548, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19538548", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19538548 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19538548; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19538548"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19538548 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19538548"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19538548; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19538548]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19538548").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19538548").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19538548"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2061" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genealogy">Genealogy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2061" type="text/json">{"id":2061,"name":"Genealogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genealogy?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3175" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_History">American Indian History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3175" type="text/json">{"id":3175,"name":"American Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57889" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies">American Indian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57889" type="text/json">{"id":57889,"name":"American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19538548]'), work: {"id":19538548,"title":"1836 Half-Breed Census Register. Ottawa and Chippewa Treaty of March 28, 1836.","created_at":"2015-12-07T08:40:49.410-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19538548/1836_Half_Breed_Census_Register_Ottawa_and_Chippewa_Treaty_of_March_28_1836?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_19538548","summary":"Under the Ottawa and Chippewa Treaty of March 28, 1836, a provision was made to pay certain sums to members of the mixed-blood individuals of the two tribes. A commissioner was appointed to create a census register of these mixed-bloods and determine who was eligible to receive payment under this provision. His census of 584 individuals is transcribed in this report along with his instructions from, and his report to, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40682714,"asset_id":19538548,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32876706,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Wyckoff","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"LarryWyckoff","display_name":"Larry Wyckoff","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/LarryWyckoff?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":2061,"name":"Genealogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genealogy?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3175,"name":"American Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":57889,"name":"American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":249720,"name":"Native American Genealogy and History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Genealogy_and_History?f_ri=299"},{"id":525848,"name":"Michigan History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michigan_History?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5617767" data-work_id="5617767" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5617767/_Custer_Died_for_Your_Sins_An_Indian_Manifesto_">"Custer Died for Your Sins: An Indian Manifesto"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5617767" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3fb51e2283902e500153478f9e568f64" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32690479,"asset_id":5617767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32690479/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4676789" href="https://asu.academia.edu/DavidMart%C3%ADnez">David Martínez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4676789" type="text/json">{"id":4676789,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Martínez","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"DavidMartínez","display_name":"David Martínez","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/DavidMart%C3%ADnez?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4676789/1966587/95635446/s65_david.mart_nez.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5617767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5617767"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5617767, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5617767", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5617767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5617767; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5617767"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5617767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5617767"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5617767; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5617767]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5617767").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5617767").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5617767"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="390" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies">American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="390" type="text/json">{"id":390,"name":"American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5061" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Politics">Native American Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5061" type="text/json">{"id":5061,"name":"Native American Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Politics?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57889" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies">American Indian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57889" type="text/json">{"id":57889,"name":"American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5617767]'), work: {"id":5617767,"title":"\"Custer Died for Your Sins: An Indian Manifesto\"","created_at":"2014-01-06T00:49:12.818-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5617767/_Custer_Died_for_Your_Sins_An_Indian_Manifesto_?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_5617767","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32690479,"asset_id":5617767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4676789,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Martínez","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"DavidMartínez","display_name":"David Martínez","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/DavidMart%C3%ADnez?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4676789/1966587/95635446/s65_david.mart_nez.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":390,"name":"American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":5061,"name":"Native American Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Politics?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":57889,"name":"American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37384067 coauthored" data-work_id="37384067" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37384067/The_Millie_Woodson_Turner_Nottoway_Reservation_Allotment_and_Farmstead">The Millie Woodson-Turner Nottoway Reservation Allotment and Farmstead</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The oral history of the Nottoway community and the documentary record of Southampton County identify the Millie Woodson-Turner Home Site as an historically important farmstead of the old Nottoway Indian reservation. Through the National... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37384067" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The oral history of the Nottoway community and the documentary record of Southampton County identify the Millie Woodson-Turner Home Site as an historically important farmstead of the old Nottoway Indian reservation. Through the National Park Service’s "Underrepresented Communities" grant, and in collaboration with the now state-recognized Nottoway Indian Tribe of Virginia, the Virginia Department of Historic Resources [VDHR] seeks to identify, research, and nominate minority populations’ historically significant locales to the state and national registry of historic places. The VDHR project "Continuity Within Change: Virginia Indians National Register Project" moves that effort forward, through an archaeological, archival, and oral history investigation of the Millie Woodson-Turner Home Site. The home no longer exists, but the location of the reservation allotment and associated family farm remains in the memory of Nottoway descendant community members, and chronicled in the archives of Southampton County, Virginia. This study, conducted by the Department of Anthropology’s American Indian Resource Center at the College of William & Mary, provides the supporting materials necessary for the nomination of the Millie Woodson-Turner Home Site to the National Register of Historic Places. The activity that is the subject of this report has been financed in part with federal funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37384067" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98d280afc75daca48845a83609ef27fb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57346917,"asset_id":37384067,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57346917/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1133768" href="https://wm.academia.edu/BuckWoodard">Buck Woodard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1133768" type="text/json">{"id":1133768,"first_name":"Buck","last_name":"Woodard","domain_name":"wm","page_name":"BuckWoodard","display_name":"Buck Woodard","profile_url":"https://wm.academia.edu/BuckWoodard?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1133768/397636/484723/s65_buck.woodard.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-37384067">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-37384067"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://wm.academia.edu/DanielleMorettiLangholtz">Danielle Moretti-Langholtz</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://qc-cuny.academia.edu/MeganRhodesVictor">Megan Rhodes Victor</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-37384067'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-37384067').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37384067 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37384067"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37384067, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37384067", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37384067 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37384067; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37384067"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37384067 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37384067"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37384067; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37384067]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37384067").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37384067").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37384067"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="792" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Anthropology">Historical Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="792" type="text/json">{"id":792,"name":"Historical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Anthropology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="958" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology">Historical Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="958" type="text/json">{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2170" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography">Ethnography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2170" type="text/json">{"id":2170,"name":"Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37384067]'), work: {"id":37384067,"title":"The Millie Woodson-Turner Nottoway Reservation Allotment and Farmstead","created_at":"2018-09-11T19:19:21.995-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37384067/The_Millie_Woodson_Turner_Nottoway_Reservation_Allotment_and_Farmstead?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_37384067","summary":"The oral history of the Nottoway community and the documentary record of Southampton County identify the Millie Woodson-Turner Home Site as an historically important farmstead of the old Nottoway Indian reservation. Through the National Park Service’s \"Underrepresented Communities\" grant, and in collaboration with the now state-recognized Nottoway Indian Tribe of Virginia, the Virginia Department of Historic Resources [VDHR] seeks to identify, research, and nominate minority populations’ historically significant locales to the state and national registry of historic places. The VDHR project \"Continuity Within Change: Virginia Indians National Register Project\" moves that effort forward, through an archaeological, archival, and oral history investigation of the Millie Woodson-Turner Home Site. The home no longer exists, but the location of the reservation allotment and associated family farm remains in the memory of Nottoway descendant community members, and chronicled in the archives of Southampton County, Virginia. This study, conducted by the Department of Anthropology’s American Indian Resource Center at the College of William \u0026 Mary, provides the supporting materials necessary for the nomination of the Millie Woodson-Turner Home Site to the National Register of Historic Places. The activity that is the subject of this report has been financed in part with federal funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57346917,"asset_id":37384067,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1133768,"first_name":"Buck","last_name":"Woodard","domain_name":"wm","page_name":"BuckWoodard","display_name":"Buck Woodard","profile_url":"https://wm.academia.edu/BuckWoodard?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1133768/397636/484723/s65_buck.woodard.jpg"},{"id":1130928,"first_name":"Danielle","last_name":"Moretti-Langholtz","domain_name":"wm","page_name":"DanielleMorettiLangholtz","display_name":"Danielle Moretti-Langholtz","profile_url":"https://wm.academia.edu/DanielleMorettiLangholtz?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1130928/396342/482899/s65_danielle.moretti-langholtz.jpg"},{"id":1130790,"first_name":"Megan Rhodes","last_name":"Victor","domain_name":"qc-cuny","page_name":"MeganRhodesVictor","display_name":"Megan Rhodes Victor","profile_url":"https://qc-cuny.academia.edu/MeganRhodesVictor?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1130790/396327/20198686/s65_megan.victor.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":792,"name":"Historical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Anthropology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":2170,"name":"Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":15504,"name":"Native American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American?f_ri=299"},{"id":36593,"name":"Native American Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Anthropology?f_ri=299"},{"id":36600,"name":"Native American (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_?f_ri=299"},{"id":52830,"name":"American Indians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indians?f_ri=299"},{"id":57043,"name":"Virginia History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virginia_History?f_ri=299"},{"id":116045,"name":"Indians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indians?f_ri=299"},{"id":208677,"name":"Colonial Virginia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Virginia?f_ri=299"},{"id":258023,"name":"Iroquoian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iroquoian_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":394316,"name":"Iroquois Indians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iroquois_Indians?f_ri=299"},{"id":1811413,"name":"Native American land claims","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_land_claims?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36791389" data-work_id="36791389" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36791389/M%C3%A9tis_and_Anishinaabe_Beading_Templates_Vol_1">Métis and Anishinaabe Beading Templates Vol. 1</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Pane waa’aaskoneyan gii-mizinaaktoonaa’aan gaawyan nakaazowaad. // They always used quills to creat flower patterns.<br /><br />A beading template book for teaching Métis and Anishinaabe beading to youth and community groups.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36791389" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e87b1e87f4e7d5270e4498fbfe73d4bd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56739482,"asset_id":36791389,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56739482/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="160092" href="https://michiganstate.academia.edu/DylanATMiner">Dylan AT Miner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="160092" type="text/json">{"id":160092,"first_name":"Dylan AT","last_name":"Miner","domain_name":"michiganstate","page_name":"DylanATMiner","display_name":"Dylan AT Miner","profile_url":"https://michiganstate.academia.edu/DylanATMiner?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/160092/41093/31566869/s65_dylan_at.miner.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36791389 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36791389"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36791389, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36791389", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36791389 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36791389; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36791389"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36791389 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36791389"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36791389; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36791389]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36791389").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36791389").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36791389"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="926" type="text/json">{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4867" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metis_Studies">Metis Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4867" type="text/json">{"id":4867,"name":"Metis Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metis_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8331" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge">Indigenous Knowledge</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8331" type="text/json">{"id":8331,"name":"Indigenous Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36791389]'), work: {"id":36791389,"title":"Métis and Anishinaabe Beading Templates Vol. 1","created_at":"2018-06-06T05:11:16.998-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36791389/M%C3%A9tis_and_Anishinaabe_Beading_Templates_Vol_1?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_36791389","summary":"Pane waa’aaskoneyan gii-mizinaaktoonaa’aan gaawyan nakaazowaad. // They always used quills to creat flower patterns.\n\nA beading template book for teaching Métis and Anishinaabe beading to youth and community groups.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56739482,"asset_id":36791389,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":160092,"first_name":"Dylan AT","last_name":"Miner","domain_name":"michiganstate","page_name":"DylanATMiner","display_name":"Dylan AT Miner","profile_url":"https://michiganstate.academia.edu/DylanATMiner?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/160092/41093/31566869/s65_dylan_at.miner.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":4867,"name":"Metis Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metis_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":8331,"name":"Indigenous Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":16903,"name":"Traditional Crafts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Crafts?f_ri=299"},{"id":50307,"name":"Beads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beads?f_ri=299"},{"id":363574,"name":"Ojibwe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ojibwe?f_ri=299"},{"id":519963,"name":"Native American Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Art?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40502509" data-work_id="40502509" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40502509/1861_Ottawa_and_Chippewa_Annuity_Payment_Roll">1861 Ottawa and Chippewa Annuity Payment Roll</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A transcription of the 1861 annual annuity payment roll for the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan under the treaty of July 31, 1855. This roll includes bands from Sault Ste. Marie, Mackinac, Little Traverse, Grand Traverse and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40502509" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A transcription of the 1861 annual annuity payment roll for the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan under the treaty of July 31, 1855.  This roll includes bands from Sault Ste. Marie, Mackinac, Little Traverse, Grand Traverse and Grand River.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40502509" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f10089531a87b73cbea1a75f6f7faef1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60773626,"asset_id":40502509,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60773626/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32876706" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/LarryWyckoff">Larry Wyckoff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32876706" type="text/json">{"id":32876706,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Wyckoff","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"LarryWyckoff","display_name":"Larry Wyckoff","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/LarryWyckoff?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40502509 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40502509"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40502509, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40502509", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40502509 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40502509; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40502509"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40502509 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40502509"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40502509; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40502509]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40502509").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40502509").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40502509"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3175" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_History">American Indian History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3175" type="text/json">{"id":3175,"name":"American Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36600" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_">Native American (History)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36600" type="text/json">{"id":36600,"name":"Native American (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57889" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies">American Indian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57889" type="text/json">{"id":57889,"name":"American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40502509]'), work: {"id":40502509,"title":"1861 Ottawa and Chippewa Annuity Payment Roll","created_at":"2019-10-02T09:25:09.678-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40502509/1861_Ottawa_and_Chippewa_Annuity_Payment_Roll?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_40502509","summary":"A transcription of the 1861 annual annuity payment roll for the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan under the treaty of July 31, 1855. This roll includes bands from Sault Ste. Marie, Mackinac, Little Traverse, Grand Traverse and Grand River.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60773626,"asset_id":40502509,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32876706,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Wyckoff","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"LarryWyckoff","display_name":"Larry Wyckoff","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/LarryWyckoff?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3175,"name":"American Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":36600,"name":"Native American (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":57889,"name":"American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":525848,"name":"Michigan History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michigan_History?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19913295" data-work_id="19913295" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19913295/1858_Ottawa_and_Chippewa_Annuity_Payment_Roll">1858 Ottawa and Chippewa Annuity Payment Roll</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This document is the third annual annuity payment roll for the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan under the treaty of July 31, 1855. The roll includes forty six bands from Sault Ste. Marie, Mackinac, Little Traverse, Grand... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19913295" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This document is the third annual annuity payment roll for the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan under the treaty of July 31, 1855.  The roll includes forty six bands from Sault Ste. Marie, Mackinac, Little Traverse, Grand Traverse, and Grand River. An index of all the names in this roll is also created.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19913295" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="77f61954cd23d7db46db03761499f67f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40912841,"asset_id":19913295,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40912841/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32876706" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/LarryWyckoff">Larry Wyckoff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32876706" type="text/json">{"id":32876706,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Wyckoff","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"LarryWyckoff","display_name":"Larry Wyckoff","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/LarryWyckoff?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19913295 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19913295"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19913295, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19913295", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19913295 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19913295; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19913295"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19913295 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19913295"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19913295; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19913295]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19913295").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19913295").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19913295"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="249720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Genealogy_and_History">Native American Genealogy and History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="249720" type="text/json">{"id":249720,"name":"Native American Genealogy and History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Genealogy_and_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Genealogy_and_Blood_Quantum">Native American Genealogy and Blood Quantum</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="281778" type="text/json">{"id":281778,"name":"Native American Genealogy and Blood Quantum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Genealogy_and_Blood_Quantum?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="525848" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michigan_History">Michigan History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="525848" type="text/json">{"id":525848,"name":"Michigan History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michigan_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19913295]'), work: {"id":19913295,"title":"1858 Ottawa and Chippewa Annuity Payment Roll","created_at":"2015-12-30T11:15:34.292-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19913295/1858_Ottawa_and_Chippewa_Annuity_Payment_Roll?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_19913295","summary":"\tThis document is the third annual annuity payment roll for the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan under the treaty of July 31, 1855. The roll includes forty six bands from Sault Ste. Marie, Mackinac, Little Traverse, Grand Traverse, and Grand River. An index of all the names in this roll is also created.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40912841,"asset_id":19913295,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32876706,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Wyckoff","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"LarryWyckoff","display_name":"Larry Wyckoff","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/LarryWyckoff?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":249720,"name":"Native American Genealogy and History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Genealogy_and_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":281778,"name":"Native American Genealogy and Blood Quantum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Genealogy_and_Blood_Quantum?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":525848,"name":"Michigan History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michigan_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":542115,"name":"Chippewa-Ottawa-Potawatomi Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chippewa-Ottawa-Potawatomi_Studies?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49123398" data-work_id="49123398" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49123398/1877_Red_Cliff_Chippewa_Genealogical_Roll">1877 Red Cliff Chippewa Genealogical Roll</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This document contains a copy of the original 1877 genealogical roll for the Red Cliff band of Chippewa Indians in Wisconsin. This roll was created by Isaac L. Mahan of the La Pointe Indian Agency. An index of names is included at the end... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49123398" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This document contains a copy of the original 1877 genealogical roll for the Red Cliff band of Chippewa Indians in Wisconsin. This roll was created by Isaac L. Mahan of the La Pointe Indian Agency. An index of names is included at the end of the roll.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49123398" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1234659c4f0d517172159de0c65bd936" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67514850,"asset_id":49123398,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67514850/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32876706" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/LarryWyckoff">Larry Wyckoff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32876706" type="text/json">{"id":32876706,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Wyckoff","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"LarryWyckoff","display_name":"Larry Wyckoff","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/LarryWyckoff?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49123398 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49123398"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49123398, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49123398", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49123398 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49123398; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49123398"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49123398 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49123398"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49123398; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49123398]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49123398").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49123398").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49123398"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3175" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_History">American Indian History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3175" type="text/json">{"id":3175,"name":"American Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36600" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_">Native American (History)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36600" type="text/json">{"id":36600,"name":"Native American (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57889" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies">American Indian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57889" type="text/json">{"id":57889,"name":"American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49123398]'), work: {"id":49123398,"title":"1877 Red Cliff Chippewa Genealogical Roll","created_at":"2021-06-04T05:06:10.973-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49123398/1877_Red_Cliff_Chippewa_Genealogical_Roll?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_49123398","summary":"This document contains a copy of the original 1877 genealogical roll for the Red Cliff band of Chippewa Indians in Wisconsin. This roll was created by Isaac L. Mahan of the La Pointe Indian Agency. An index of names is included at the end of the roll.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67514850,"asset_id":49123398,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32876706,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Wyckoff","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"LarryWyckoff","display_name":"Larry Wyckoff","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/LarryWyckoff?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3175,"name":"American Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":36600,"name":"Native American (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":57889,"name":"American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":161257,"name":"Wisconsin History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wisconsin_History?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48844460" data-work_id="48844460" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48844460/1870_Chippewa_of_Lake_Superior_Annuity_Payment_Roll">1870 Chippewa of Lake Superior Annuity Payment Roll</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This document contains a copy of the original 1870 annuity payment rolls for the Lake Superior Chippewa bands along with a transcription of the roll and an index of the names on the transcribed roll. The following bands are included on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48844460" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This document contains a copy of the original 1870 annuity payment rolls for the Lake Superior Chippewa bands along with a transcription of the roll and an index of the names on the transcribed roll. The following bands are included on this roll:  Lac Courte Oreilles, Bad River, Red Cliff, Fond du Lac, Grand Portage, L’Anse, Lac Vieux Desert, Lac du Flambeau, Ontonagon and Bois Forte.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48844460" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d2d3bc53068427500ead400f1d1c4164" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67261214,"asset_id":48844460,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67261214/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32876706" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/LarryWyckoff">Larry Wyckoff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32876706" type="text/json">{"id":32876706,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Wyckoff","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"LarryWyckoff","display_name":"Larry Wyckoff","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/LarryWyckoff?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48844460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48844460"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48844460, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48844460", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48844460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48844460; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48844460"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48844460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48844460"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48844460; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48844460]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48844460").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48844460").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48844460"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3175" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_History">American Indian History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3175" type="text/json">{"id":3175,"name":"American Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36600" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_">Native American (History)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36600" type="text/json">{"id":36600,"name":"Native American (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57889" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies">American Indian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57889" type="text/json">{"id":57889,"name":"American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48844460]'), work: {"id":48844460,"title":"1870 Chippewa of Lake Superior Annuity Payment Roll","created_at":"2021-05-08T06:38:07.750-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48844460/1870_Chippewa_of_Lake_Superior_Annuity_Payment_Roll?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_48844460","summary":"This document contains a copy of the original 1870 annuity payment rolls for the Lake Superior Chippewa bands along with a transcription of the roll and an index of the names on the transcribed roll. The following bands are included on this roll: Lac Courte Oreilles, Bad River, Red Cliff, Fond du Lac, Grand Portage, L’Anse, Lac Vieux Desert, Lac du Flambeau, Ontonagon and Bois Forte.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67261214,"asset_id":48844460,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32876706,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Wyckoff","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"LarryWyckoff","display_name":"Larry Wyckoff","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/LarryWyckoff?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3175,"name":"American Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":36600,"name":"Native American (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":57889,"name":"American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79831035" data-work_id="79831035" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79831035/This_Benevolent_Experiment_Indigenous_Boarding_Schools_Genocide_and_Redress_in_Canada_and_the_United_States">This Benevolent Experiment: Indigenous Boarding Schools, Genocide, and Redress in Canada and the United States</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79831035" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="96f98b0dbf6a09fe5c6a1fd35ff87b3f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86413467,"asset_id":79831035,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86413467/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2145902" href="https://umanitoba.academia.edu/AndrewWoolford">Andrew Woolford</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2145902" type="text/json">{"id":2145902,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Woolford","domain_name":"umanitoba","page_name":"AndrewWoolford","display_name":"Andrew Woolford","profile_url":"https://umanitoba.academia.edu/AndrewWoolford?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2145902/694729/7975584/s65_andrew.woolford.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79831035 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79831035"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79831035, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79831035", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79831035 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79831035; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_79831035"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_79831035 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79831035"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79831035; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79831035]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79831035").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79831035").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79831035"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="129" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History">American History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="129" type="text/json">{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="926" type="text/json">{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79831035]'), work: {"id":79831035,"title":"This Benevolent Experiment: Indigenous Boarding Schools, Genocide, and Redress in Canada and the United States","created_at":"2022-05-24T08:01:45.422-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79831035/This_Benevolent_Experiment_Indigenous_Boarding_Schools_Genocide_and_Redress_in_Canada_and_the_United_States?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_79831035","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86413467,"asset_id":79831035,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2145902,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Woolford","domain_name":"umanitoba","page_name":"AndrewWoolford","display_name":"Andrew Woolford","profile_url":"https://umanitoba.academia.edu/AndrewWoolford?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2145902/694729/7975584/s65_andrew.woolford.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3972,"name":"Genocide Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genocide_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":13116,"name":"Aboriginal history in Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aboriginal_history_in_Canada?f_ri=299"},{"id":13629,"name":"Comparative genocide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_genocide?f_ri=299"},{"id":19495,"name":"Indigenous Peoples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples?f_ri=299"},{"id":36393,"name":"Settler Colonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settler_Colonial_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":37665,"name":"First Nations of Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_Nations_of_Canada?f_ri=299"},{"id":60744,"name":"History of the American West","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_American_West?f_ri=299"},{"id":77293,"name":"Holocaust and Genocide Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holocaust_and_Genocide_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":107550,"name":"Settler colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settler_colonialism?f_ri=299"},{"id":257992,"name":"Historical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":452912,"name":"Oxford university","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxford_university?f_ri=299"},{"id":940741,"name":"Colonial Genocide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Genocide?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43248525" data-work_id="43248525" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43248525/Life_in_Beads">Life in Beads</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the 1950s, the Museu Paulista (MP) of the University of São Paulo (USP) and the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) exchanged ethnographic materials. At the time, the Brazilian museum donated more than 300 objects made by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43248525" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the 1950s, the Museu Paulista (MP) of the University of São Paulo (USP) and the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) exchanged ethnographic materials. At the time, the Brazilian museum donated more than 300 objects made by Brazilian indigenous groups and in return received objects from various groups such as Apache, Najavo, Zuni, Hopi, Tlingit among other cultures. This collection was transferred in 1989 to the Museum of Archeology and Ethnology (MAE) of the same university, and consists of objects that range from accessories, clothing to an extensive miscellany of objects. In this presentation we will highlight the work accomplished with 10 objects of clothing of this collection. These pieces were chosen before the others due to the precarious state of conservation to which they were presented. Many objects were wrapped without an internal support and this caused distortions in many of them. Besides the aesthetic effect, the distortions in leather objects also caused the breaking of threads that supported beads, thus causing areas with large losses of matter. Since the packaging was not suitable, materials such as leathers and beads of objects such as bags and loafers were covered with persistent dirt. Coupled with the risks associated with poor packaging and the layers of dirt that have covered these objects for years, we also detect dissociation. The sparse information that documented the exchange between museums in the 1950s did not detail the cultural groups of their origins; in addition, much information was mistranslated over the years, which led to misunderstandings in the identification of the material. To solve the problems encountered, tests were made for identification of materials and color resistance, then proceed to the next stages of the treatments, such as aspiration, mechanical and wet cleaning, humidification and reshaping and the production of specific packaging supports for each piece through moulage or draping and flat pattern drafting techniques. In order to remedy the risk of dissociation, bibliographic and museum database searches were carried out for searches of similar pieces to those studied, and their due documentation. Finally, it was decided to analyze several points of the objects through the techniques of Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (ED-XRF) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), in order to investigate the detected differences in the pieces after the preventive conservation and what the consequences that this information may have.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43248525" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5768793caa16938ae2d2985dc134a3d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63519349,"asset_id":43248525,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63519349/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="160050393" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ricardoReisVieira">Ricardo Reis Vieira</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="160050393" type="text/json">{"id":160050393,"first_name":"Ricardo","last_name":"Reis Vieira","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ricardoReisVieira","display_name":"Ricardo Reis Vieira","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ricardoReisVieira?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/160050393/44856195/35172252/s65_ricardo.reis_vieira.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43248525 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43248525"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43248525, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43248525", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43248525 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43248525; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43248525"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43248525 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43248525"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43248525; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43248525]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43248525").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43248525").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43248525"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2320" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textiles">Textiles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2320" type="text/json">{"id":2320,"name":"Textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textiles?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5459" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage_Conservation">Cultural Heritage Conservation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5459" type="text/json">{"id":5459,"name":"Cultural Heritage Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage_Conservation?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55872" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_for_Conservation_and_Restoration_of_Cultural_Heritage">Science for Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="55872" type="text/json">{"id":55872,"name":"Science for Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_for_Conservation_and_Restoration_of_Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43248525]'), work: {"id":43248525,"title":"Life in Beads","created_at":"2020-06-03T14:00:59.105-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43248525/Life_in_Beads?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_43248525","summary":"In the 1950s, the Museu Paulista (MP) of the University of São Paulo (USP) and the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) exchanged ethnographic materials. At the time, the Brazilian museum donated more than 300 objects made by Brazilian indigenous groups and in return received objects from various groups such as Apache, Najavo, Zuni, Hopi, Tlingit among other cultures. This collection was transferred in 1989 to the Museum of Archeology and Ethnology (MAE) of the same university, and consists of objects that range from accessories, clothing to an extensive miscellany of objects. In this presentation we will highlight the work accomplished with 10 objects of clothing of this collection. These pieces were chosen before the others due to the precarious state of conservation to which they were presented. Many objects were wrapped without an internal support and this caused distortions in many of them. Besides the aesthetic effect, the distortions in leather objects also caused the breaking of threads that supported beads, thus causing areas with large losses of matter. Since the packaging was not suitable, materials such as leathers and beads of objects such as bags and loafers were covered with persistent dirt. Coupled with the risks associated with poor packaging and the layers of dirt that have covered these objects for years, we also detect dissociation. The sparse information that documented the exchange between museums in the 1950s did not detail the cultural groups of their origins; in addition, much information was mistranslated over the years, which led to misunderstandings in the identification of the material. To solve the problems encountered, tests were made for identification of materials and color resistance, then proceed to the next stages of the treatments, such as aspiration, mechanical and wet cleaning, humidification and reshaping and the production of specific packaging supports for each piece through moulage or draping and flat pattern drafting techniques. In order to remedy the risk of dissociation, bibliographic and museum database searches were carried out for searches of similar pieces to those studied, and their due documentation. Finally, it was decided to analyze several points of the objects through the techniques of Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (ED-XRF) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), in order to investigate the detected differences in the pieces after the preventive conservation and what the consequences that this information may have.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63519349,"asset_id":43248525,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":160050393,"first_name":"Ricardo","last_name":"Reis Vieira","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ricardoReisVieira","display_name":"Ricardo Reis Vieira","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ricardoReisVieira?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/160050393/44856195/35172252/s65_ricardo.reis_vieira.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":2320,"name":"Textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textiles?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":5459,"name":"Cultural Heritage Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage_Conservation?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":55872,"name":"Science for Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_for_Conservation_and_Restoration_of_Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":68226,"name":"Conservación y Restauración","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservaci%C3%B3n_y_Restauraci%C3%B3n?f_ri=299"},{"id":92897,"name":"Restauration and Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Restauration_and_Conservation?f_ri=299"},{"id":519963,"name":"Native American Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Art?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80833043" data-work_id="80833043" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80833043/Being_Native_American_in_business_Culture_identity_and_authentic_leadership_in_modern_American_Indian_enterprises">Being Native American in business: Culture, identity, and authentic leadership in modern American Indian enterprises</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Tribally owned American Indian enterprises provide a unique cross-cultural setting for emerging Native American business leaders. This article examines the manner in which American Indian leaders negotiate the boundaries between their... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80833043" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Tribally owned American Indian enterprises provide a unique cross-cultural setting for emerging Native American business leaders. This article examines the manner in which American Indian leaders negotiate the boundaries between their indigenous organizations and the nonindigenous communities in which they do business. Through a series of qualitative interviews, we find that American Indian business leaders fall back on a strong sense of “self,” which allows them to maintain effective leadership across boundaries. This is highly consistent with theories of authentic leadership. Furthermore, we find that leaders define self through their collective identity, which is heavily influenced by tribal affiliation and tribal culture. We add to the literature on authentic leadership by showing the role that culture and collective identity have in creating leader authenticity within the indigenous community.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80833043" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e241f82041855d8f6121c886b128405" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87082882,"asset_id":80833043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87082882/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36240843" href="https://tamus.academia.edu/StephanieBlack">Stephanie L Black</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36240843" type="text/json">{"id":36240843,"first_name":"Stephanie","last_name":"Black","domain_name":"tamus","page_name":"StephanieBlack","display_name":"Stephanie L Black","profile_url":"https://tamus.academia.edu/StephanieBlack?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80833043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80833043"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80833043, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80833043", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80833043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80833043; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80833043"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80833043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80833043"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80833043; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80833043]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80833043").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80833043").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80833043"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2969" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership">Leadership</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2969" type="text/json">{"id":2969,"name":"Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management">Business and Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73149" type="text/json">{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80833043]'), work: {"id":80833043,"title":"Being Native American in business: Culture, identity, and authentic leadership in modern American Indian enterprises","created_at":"2022-06-06T07:11:38.595-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80833043/Being_Native_American_in_business_Culture_identity_and_authentic_leadership_in_modern_American_Indian_enterprises?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_80833043","summary":"Tribally owned American Indian enterprises provide a unique cross-cultural setting for emerging Native American business leaders. This article examines the manner in which American Indian leaders negotiate the boundaries between their indigenous organizations and the nonindigenous communities in which they do business. Through a series of qualitative interviews, we find that American Indian business leaders fall back on a strong sense of “self,” which allows them to maintain effective leadership across boundaries. This is highly consistent with theories of authentic leadership. Furthermore, we find that leaders define self through their collective identity, which is heavily influenced by tribal affiliation and tribal culture. We add to the literature on authentic leadership by showing the role that culture and collective identity have in creating leader authenticity within the indigenous community.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87082882,"asset_id":80833043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36240843,"first_name":"Stephanie","last_name":"Black","domain_name":"tamus","page_name":"StephanieBlack","display_name":"Stephanie L Black","profile_url":"https://tamus.academia.edu/StephanieBlack?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":2969,"name":"Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":1824607,"name":"Native American Student Leadership Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Student_Leadership_Development?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41943570 coauthored" data-work_id="41943570" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41943570/Landscapes_of_Origin_in_the_Americas_Creation_Narratives_Linking_Ancient_Places_and_Present_Communities_Edited_by">Landscapes of Origin in the Americas Creation Narratives Linking Ancient Places and Present Communities Edited by</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">An updated version of the 2009 essay on the Spring Mountains and Southern Paiute.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41943570" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="40ecdcc44342f0b9ca157ebf744b92f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62066330,"asset_id":41943570,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62066330/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="919579" href="https://nau.academia.edu/KathleenVanVlack">Kathleen Van Vlack</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="919579" type="text/json">{"id":919579,"first_name":"Kathleen","last_name":"Van Vlack","domain_name":"nau","page_name":"KathleenVanVlack","display_name":"Kathleen Van Vlack","profile_url":"https://nau.academia.edu/KathleenVanVlack?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/919579/342936/151590990/s65_kathleen.van_vlack.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-41943570">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-41943570"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://arizona.academia.edu/RichardStoffle">Richard Stoffle</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-41943570'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-41943570').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41943570 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41943570"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41943570, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41943570", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41943570 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41943570; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41943570"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41943570 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41943570"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41943570; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41943570]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41943570").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41943570").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41943570"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3784" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3784" type="text/json">{"id":3784,"name":"Pilgrimage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilgrimage?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6519" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Landscapes">Cultural Landscapes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6519" type="text/json">{"id":6519,"name":"Cultural Landscapes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Landscapes?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="385904" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southern_Paiute">Southern Paiute</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="385904" type="text/json">{"id":385904,"name":"Southern Paiute","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southern_Paiute?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41943570]'), work: {"id":41943570,"title":"Landscapes of Origin in the Americas Creation Narratives Linking Ancient Places and Present Communities Edited by","created_at":"2020-02-11T09:09:23.939-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41943570/Landscapes_of_Origin_in_the_Americas_Creation_Narratives_Linking_Ancient_Places_and_Present_Communities_Edited_by?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_41943570","summary":"An updated version of the 2009 essay on the Spring Mountains and Southern Paiute.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62066330,"asset_id":41943570,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":919579,"first_name":"Kathleen","last_name":"Van Vlack","domain_name":"nau","page_name":"KathleenVanVlack","display_name":"Kathleen Van Vlack","profile_url":"https://nau.academia.edu/KathleenVanVlack?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/919579/342936/151590990/s65_kathleen.van_vlack.jpg"},{"id":919235,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Stoffle","domain_name":"arizona","page_name":"RichardStoffle","display_name":"Richard Stoffle","profile_url":"https://arizona.academia.edu/RichardStoffle?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/919235/342720/407100/s65_richard.stoffle.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3784,"name":"Pilgrimage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilgrimage?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":6519,"name":"Cultural Landscapes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Landscapes?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":385904,"name":"Southern Paiute","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southern_Paiute?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41492568" data-work_id="41492568" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41492568/Native_American_Indian_Spiritual_Freedom_in_Prison">Native American Indian Spiritual Freedom in Prison</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Randall Trapp, et al. v. Commissioner DuBois, et al. was filed in 1995 on behalf of a group of inmates who were part of a Native American Spiritual Awareness Council in a Massachusetts prison. The Council maintained a weekly Circle and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41492568" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Randall Trapp, et al. v. Commissioner DuBois, et al. was filed in 1995 on behalf of a group of inmates who were part of a Native American Spiritual Awareness Council in a Massachusetts prison. The Council maintained a weekly Circle and other practices associated with American Indian spirituality. At the time of filing, the Circle had already been in existence at the prison for more than five years. <br /> <br />The case proceeded to trial in 1999. In 2002, the Massachusetts Appeals Court ordered the Defendants to settle the controversy by negotiations with the Plaintiffs. In 2003, the first Purification Lodges were held inside three Massachusetts prisons, where named Plaintiffs were incarcerated (several having been transferred from the original prison). By 2003, Native Circles were meeting regularly in many prisons in the state. <br /> <br /><a href="http://people.umass.edu/derrico/trapp/" rel="nofollow">http://people.umass.edu/derrico/trapp/</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41492568" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1191532fce8da283557b08a921fc6f0f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61663361,"asset_id":41492568,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61663361/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="102086" href="https://umass.academia.edu/PeterdErrico">Peter d'Errico</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="102086" type="text/json">{"id":102086,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"d'Errico","domain_name":"umass","page_name":"PeterdErrico","display_name":"Peter d'Errico","profile_url":"https://umass.academia.edu/PeterdErrico?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102086/28101/113344131/s65_peter.d_errico.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41492568 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41492568"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41492568, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41492568", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41492568 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41492568; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41492568"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41492568 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41492568"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41492568; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41492568]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41492568").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41492568").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41492568"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="535" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1">Criminal Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="535" type="text/json">{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="926" type="text/json">{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality">Spirituality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3815" type="text/json">{"id":3815,"name":"Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41492568]'), work: {"id":41492568,"title":"Native American Indian Spiritual Freedom in Prison","created_at":"2020-01-02T10:29:46.305-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41492568/Native_American_Indian_Spiritual_Freedom_in_Prison?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_41492568","summary":"Randall Trapp, et al. v. Commissioner DuBois, et al. was filed in 1995 on behalf of a group of inmates who were part of a Native American Spiritual Awareness Council in a Massachusetts prison. The Council maintained a weekly Circle and other practices associated with American Indian spirituality. At the time of filing, the Circle had already been in existence at the prison for more than five years.\r\n\r\nThe case proceeded to trial in 1999. In 2002, the Massachusetts Appeals Court ordered the Defendants to settle the controversy by negotiations with the Plaintiffs. In 2003, the first Purification Lodges were held inside three Massachusetts prisons, where named Plaintiffs were incarcerated (several having been transferred from the original prison). By 2003, Native Circles were meeting regularly in many prisons in the state. \r\n\r\nhttp://people.umass.edu/derrico/trapp/\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61663361,"asset_id":41492568,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":102086,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"d'Errico","domain_name":"umass","page_name":"PeterdErrico","display_name":"Peter d'Errico","profile_url":"https://umass.academia.edu/PeterdErrico?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102086/28101/113344131/s65_peter.d_errico.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3815,"name":"Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":4823,"name":"Critical Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Legal_Theory?f_ri=299"},{"id":8230,"name":"Socio-legal studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socio-legal_studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":15149,"name":"Indigenous Peoples Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples_Rights?f_ri=299"},{"id":15504,"name":"Native American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American?f_ri=299"},{"id":25870,"name":"Critical Prison Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Prison_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":36600,"name":"Native American (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_?f_ri=299"},{"id":51618,"name":"Prisons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisons?f_ri=299"},{"id":57889,"name":"American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":73069,"name":"Legal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36801377" data-work_id="36801377" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36801377/Introduction_Pasts_Presents_Futures">Introduction: Pasts, Presents, Futures</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">On the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the Western Literature Association. Crossing the sub-fields of Western American Literature.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36801377" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b783a634977a64449546738e4114aec4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56750541,"asset_id":36801377,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56750541/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9328269" href="https://rice.academia.edu/kristacomer">Krista Comer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9328269" type="text/json">{"id":9328269,"first_name":"Krista","last_name":"Comer","domain_name":"rice","page_name":"kristacomer","display_name":"Krista Comer","profile_url":"https://rice.academia.edu/kristacomer?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9328269/2984455/3502808/s65_krista.comer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36801377 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36801377"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36801377, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36801377", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36801377 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36801377; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36801377"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36801377 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36801377"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36801377; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36801377]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36801377").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36801377").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36801377"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8375" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_West">American West</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8375" type="text/json">{"id":8375,"name":"American West","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_West?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10453" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism">Feminism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10453" type="text/json">{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36801377]'), work: {"id":36801377,"title":"Introduction: Pasts, Presents, Futures","created_at":"2018-06-07T11:05:01.985-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36801377/Introduction_Pasts_Presents_Futures?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_36801377","summary":"On the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the Western Literature Association. Crossing the sub-fields of Western American Literature. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56750541,"asset_id":36801377,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9328269,"first_name":"Krista","last_name":"Comer","domain_name":"rice","page_name":"kristacomer","display_name":"Krista Comer","profile_url":"https://rice.academia.edu/kristacomer?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9328269/2984455/3502808/s65_krista.comer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":8375,"name":"American West","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_West?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36791293" data-work_id="36791293" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36791293/Gichi_mookomaanan_miinawaa_Gichi_maazhigaa_aabkook_From_Big_Knives_to_Big_Pipelines">Gichi-mookomaanan miinawaa Gichi-maazhigaa-aabkook // From Big Knives to Big Pipelines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This is a story about images and their meaning. This is a story about stories and a story about beings. It is about pipes and pipelines. It is about oil and not about oil paintings. It is fragmented and disjointed. It is a needed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36791293" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This is a story about images and their meaning. This is a story about stories and a story about beings. It is about pipes and pipelines. It is about oil and not about oil paintings. It is fragmented and disjointed. It is a needed intervention for our fossil-fuel-addicted society.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36791293" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee704de3efb3b5e780c3e4a538da1cf4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56739343,"asset_id":36791293,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56739343/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="160092" href="https://michiganstate.academia.edu/DylanATMiner">Dylan AT Miner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="160092" type="text/json">{"id":160092,"first_name":"Dylan AT","last_name":"Miner","domain_name":"michiganstate","page_name":"DylanATMiner","display_name":"Dylan AT Miner","profile_url":"https://michiganstate.academia.edu/DylanATMiner?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/160092/41093/31566869/s65_dylan_at.miner.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36791293 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36791293"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36791293, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36791293", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36791293 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36791293; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36791293"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36791293 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36791293"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36791293; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36791293]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36791293").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36791293").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36791293"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="915" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History">Art History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="915" type="text/json">{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="926" type="text/json">{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4867" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metis_Studies">Metis Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4867" type="text/json">{"id":4867,"name":"Metis Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metis_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36791293]'), work: {"id":36791293,"title":"Gichi-mookomaanan miinawaa Gichi-maazhigaa-aabkook // From Big Knives to Big Pipelines","created_at":"2018-06-06T04:57:50.889-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36791293/Gichi_mookomaanan_miinawaa_Gichi_maazhigaa_aabkook_From_Big_Knives_to_Big_Pipelines?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_36791293","summary":"This is a story about images and their meaning. This is a story about stories and a story about beings. It is about pipes and pipelines. It is about oil and not about oil paintings. It is fragmented and disjointed. It is a needed intervention for our fossil-fuel-addicted society.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56739343,"asset_id":36791293,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":160092,"first_name":"Dylan AT","last_name":"Miner","domain_name":"michiganstate","page_name":"DylanATMiner","display_name":"Dylan AT Miner","profile_url":"https://michiganstate.academia.edu/DylanATMiner?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/160092/41093/31566869/s65_dylan_at.miner.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":4867,"name":"Metis Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metis_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":8331,"name":"Indigenous Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge?f_ri=299"},{"id":25370,"name":"Contemporary Indigenous Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Indigenous_Arts?f_ri=299"},{"id":105601,"name":"Anishinaabe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anishinaabe?f_ri=299"},{"id":363574,"name":"Ojibwe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ojibwe?f_ri=299"},{"id":441047,"name":"Ojibwe Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ojibwe_Language?f_ri=299"},{"id":519963,"name":"Native American Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Art?f_ri=299"},{"id":873815,"name":"George Catlin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/George_Catlin?f_ri=299"},{"id":1023370,"name":"Pipeline Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pipeline_Issues?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2378202" data-work_id="2378202" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2378202/The_Myaamia_Report">The Myaamia Report</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">From August 2009 I took up a position as Wiepking Distinguished Professor at the University of Miami in Oxford, Ohio. I was working in three Departments - Architecture, Educational Leadership and Psychology. In the first semester, I... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2378202" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">From August 2009 I took up a position as Wiepking Distinguished Professor at the University of Miami in Oxford, Ohio. I was working in three Departments - Architecture, Educational Leadership and Psychology. In the first semester, I worked with Bill Stiles on a project involving twelve senior Psychology students in a 3 credit Capstone Course: Voices of Native Americans. The intent was to develop a collaborative research project with the Myaamia Tribe of Oklahoma who had once been the original inhabitants of the Oxford area before their forced removal at gunpoint in 1846. The University in Oxford was named after them and stands on land that they once owned. The intended research was hoped to map the ways in which the Myaamia reconcile the differing voices in their mental world - the American vs. the Indian voices, for instance. As it turned out the project unfolded in was very different from those anticipated, although the final course of the project was, in hindsight very predictable. <br /> <br />Since we were not invited by the Myaamia, a great deal of the time was spent gaining their trust prior to the determination of an actual collaborative research enterprise that might be in their own interests. The vehicle for this trust-building was the design and construction of an installation in the Miami University's Tunnel of Oppression. This installation depicted the history of oppression that had been experienced by the Myaamia in the numerous attacks on their peaceful villages, the destruction of their food sources and crops, their forced relocation (twice), the splitting up of the tribe, the abduction of their children, the eradication of their language and their relentless survival into the present. <br /> <br />What follows is the report on that class project, with reflective thoughts from both the instructors and the students, and a detailed description of the Tunnel of Oppression installation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2378202" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70593f67700348b9f85eb6441280c328" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31372284,"asset_id":2378202,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31372284/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="927620" href="https://tonywardedu.academia.edu/TonyWard">Tony Ward</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="927620" type="text/json">{"id":927620,"first_name":"Tony","last_name":"Ward","domain_name":"tonywardedu","page_name":"TonyWard","display_name":"Tony Ward","profile_url":"https://tonywardedu.academia.edu/TonyWard?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/927620/850198/141286461/s65_tony.ward.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2378202 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2378202"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2378202, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2378202", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2378202 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2378202; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2378202"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2378202 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2378202"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2378202; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2378202]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2378202").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2378202").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2378202"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="926" type="text/json">{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy">Critical Pedagogy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3392" type="text/json">{"id":3392,"name":"Critical Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2378202]'), work: {"id":2378202,"title":"The Myaamia Report","created_at":"2013-01-08T16:49:48.573-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2378202/The_Myaamia_Report?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_2378202","summary":"From August 2009 I took up a position as Wiepking Distinguished Professor at the University of Miami in Oxford, Ohio. I was working in three Departments - Architecture, Educational Leadership and Psychology. In the first semester, I worked with Bill Stiles on a project involving twelve senior Psychology students in a 3 credit Capstone Course: Voices of Native Americans. The intent was to develop a collaborative research project with the Myaamia Tribe of Oklahoma who had once been the original inhabitants of the Oxford area before their forced removal at gunpoint in 1846. The University in Oxford was named after them and stands on land that they once owned. The intended research was hoped to map the ways in which the Myaamia reconcile the differing voices in their mental world - the American vs. the Indian voices, for instance. As it turned out the project unfolded in was very different from those anticipated, although the final course of the project was, in hindsight very predictable.\r\n\r\nSince we were not invited by the Myaamia, a great deal of the time was spent gaining their trust prior to the determination of an actual collaborative research enterprise that might be in their own interests. The vehicle for this trust-building was the design and construction of an installation in the Miami University's Tunnel of Oppression. This installation depicted the history of oppression that had been experienced by the Myaamia in the numerous attacks on their peaceful villages, the destruction of their food sources and crops, their forced relocation (twice), the splitting up of the tribe, the abduction of their children, the eradication of their language and their relentless survival into the present.\r\n\r\nWhat follows is the report on that class project, with reflective thoughts from both the instructors and the students, and a detailed description of the Tunnel of Oppression installation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31372284,"asset_id":2378202,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":927620,"first_name":"Tony","last_name":"Ward","domain_name":"tonywardedu","page_name":"TonyWard","display_name":"Tony Ward","profile_url":"https://tonywardedu.academia.edu/TonyWard?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/927620/850198/141286461/s65_tony.ward.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3392,"name":"Critical Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2781188 coauthored" data-work_id="2781188" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2781188/In_search_of_cultural_diversity_revisited_Recent_publication_trends_in_cross_cultural_and_ethnic_minority_psychology">In search of cultural diversity, revisited - Recent publication trends in cross-cultural and ethnic minority psychology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Given the increasing proportion of ethnic minority individuals in the United States and psychology’s historical reliance on theories derived from Euro American populations, it is important to monitor the status of cultural diversity... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2781188" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Given the increasing proportion of ethnic minority individuals in the United States and psychology’s historical reliance on theories derived from Euro American populations, it is important to monitor the status of cultural diversity research. We conducted a 10-year follow-up to Hall and Maramba’s (2001) report of cross-cultural (CC) and ethnic minority (EM) publication trends. Comparing data from 1993–1999 and 2003–2009, we found that research on CC and EM issues continues to be underrepresented in the literature, particularly in top-tier journals. The American Psychological Association and Association for Psychological Science journals mirrored this discouraging trend, and the absence of top CC and EM authors on their editorial boards may point to a structural barrier to broader inclusion of cultural diversity research. We also found that fewer top CC and EM researchers are employed in psychology departments than one might hope, reflecting predominant attitudes within psychology of CC and EM research as peripheral to the larger field. Although clear that few gains have been made despite numerous awareness-raising efforts, the precise deficits were somewhat obscured, because the CC and EM terminology employed by Hall and Maramba (2001) did not fully capture the breadth of cultural diversity research currently underway in psychology. Thus, future attempts to assess the field would benefit from wider-reaching search terms. Additionally, we suggest that attention to reorganization within the evolving fields of cultural diversity research and to developing new categories of inquiry for research on cultural diversity that maintain focus on minority statuses in the United States may be productive routes forward for psychology as a discipline.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2781188" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="087257a42ac27f47bd72a88cf4e0ebb1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30753969,"asset_id":2781188,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30753969/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57686" href="https://ubc.academia.edu/EKim">Eric S . Kim (UBC)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57686" type="text/json">{"id":57686,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Kim (UBC)","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"EKim","display_name":"Eric S . Kim (UBC)","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/EKim?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57686/16929/12429709/s65_eric.kim.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-2781188">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-2781188"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uci.academia.edu/JacquelineKim">Jacqueline H J Kim</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-2781188'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-2781188').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2781188 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2781188"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2781188, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2781188", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2781188 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2781188; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2781188"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2781188 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2781188"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2781188; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2781188]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2781188").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2781188").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2781188"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Studies">Ethnic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="294" type="text/json">{"id":294,"name":"Ethnic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="296" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies">Black Studies Or African American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="296" type="text/json">{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="298" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latino_A_Studies">Latino/A Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="298" type="text/json">{"id":298,"name":"Latino/A Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latino_A_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2781188]'), work: {"id":2781188,"title":"In search of cultural diversity, revisited - Recent publication trends in cross-cultural and ethnic minority psychology","created_at":"2013-03-03T09:17:32.524-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2781188/In_search_of_cultural_diversity_revisited_Recent_publication_trends_in_cross_cultural_and_ethnic_minority_psychology?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_2781188","summary":"Given the increasing proportion of ethnic minority individuals in the United States and psychology’s historical reliance on theories derived from Euro American populations, it is important to monitor the status of cultural diversity research. We conducted a 10-year follow-up to Hall and Maramba’s (2001) report of cross-cultural (CC) and ethnic minority (EM) publication trends. Comparing data from 1993–1999 and 2003–2009, we found that research on CC and EM issues continues to be underrepresented in the literature, particularly in top-tier journals. The American Psychological Association and Association for Psychological Science journals mirrored this discouraging trend, and the absence of top CC and EM authors on their editorial boards may point to a structural barrier to broader inclusion of cultural diversity research. We also found that fewer top CC and EM researchers are employed in psychology departments than one might hope, reflecting predominant attitudes within psychology of CC and EM research as peripheral to the larger field. Although clear that few gains have been made despite numerous awareness-raising efforts, the precise deficits were somewhat obscured, because the CC and EM terminology employed by Hall and Maramba (2001) did not fully capture the breadth of cultural diversity research currently underway in psychology. Thus, future attempts to assess the field would benefit from wider-reaching search terms. Additionally, we suggest that attention to reorganization within the evolving fields of cultural diversity research and to developing new categories of inquiry for research on cultural diversity that maintain focus on minority statuses in the United States may be productive routes forward for psychology as a discipline. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30753969,"asset_id":2781188,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57686,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Kim (UBC)","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"EKim","display_name":"Eric S . Kim (UBC)","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/EKim?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57686/16929/12429709/s65_eric.kim.jpg"},{"id":1687821,"first_name":"Jacqueline","last_name":"Kim","domain_name":"uci","page_name":"JacquelineKim","display_name":"Jacqueline H J Kim","profile_url":"https://uci.academia.edu/JacquelineKim?f_ri=299","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":294,"name":"Ethnic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":298,"name":"Latino/A Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latino_A_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":2613,"name":"Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diversity?f_ri=299"},{"id":5067,"name":"Cultural Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Psychology?f_ri=299"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=299"},{"id":5515,"name":"Cross-Cultural Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Cultural_Psychology?f_ri=299"},{"id":6636,"name":"Metrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metrics?f_ri=299"},{"id":6942,"name":"Discrimination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discrimination?f_ri=299"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=299"},{"id":8032,"name":"Cross-Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Cultural_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":9604,"name":"Equality and Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equality_and_Diversity?f_ri=299"},{"id":10006,"name":"Ethnic and Racial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_and_Racial_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":14912,"name":"African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":17802,"name":"Diversity \u0026 Inclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diversity_and_Inclusion?f_ri=299"},{"id":21479,"name":"Cultural Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Diversity?f_ri=299"},{"id":24129,"name":"Cross-cultural studies (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-cultural_studies_Culture_?f_ri=299"},{"id":27879,"name":"Racial and ethnic discrimination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Racial_and_ethnic_discrimination?f_ri=299"},{"id":29922,"name":"Latino/as in the U.S.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latino_as_in_the_U.S.?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13376905" data-work_id="13376905" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13376905/L%C3%A4sst_sich_Museumsarbeit_indigenisieren_Zum_zehnj%C3%A4hrigen_Bestehen_des_National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian">Lässt sich Museumsarbeit indigenisieren? Zum zehnjährigen Bestehen des National Museum of the American Indian</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The article investigates in how far the National Museum of the American Indian succeeded in its attempt to Indigenize museum work: counter-acting representations of static cultures with a focus in living cultures from Indigenous... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13376905" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article investigates in how far the National Museum of the American Indian succeeded in its attempt to Indigenize museum work: counter-acting representations of static cultures with a focus in living cultures from Indigenous perspectives through community curation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13376905" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b82c1cddbe856429914e3cb460bf560f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38028466,"asset_id":13376905,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38028466/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8489292" href="https://lavanguardia.academia.edu/SonjaJohn">Sonja John</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8489292" type="text/json">{"id":8489292,"first_name":"Sonja","last_name":"John","domain_name":"lavanguardia","page_name":"SonjaJohn","display_name":"Sonja John","profile_url":"https://lavanguardia.academia.edu/SonjaJohn?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8489292/9738258/10847956/s65_sonja.john.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13376905 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13376905"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13376905, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13376905", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13376905 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13376905; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13376905"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13376905 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13376905"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13376905; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13376905]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13376905").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13376905").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13376905"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36593" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Anthropology">Native American Anthropology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="36593" type="text/json">{"id":36593,"name":"Native American Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Anthropology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13376905]'), work: {"id":13376905,"title":"Lässt sich Museumsarbeit indigenisieren? Zum zehnjährigen Bestehen des National Museum of the American Indian","created_at":"2015-06-28T05:54:53.413-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13376905/L%C3%A4sst_sich_Museumsarbeit_indigenisieren_Zum_zehnj%C3%A4hrigen_Bestehen_des_National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_13376905","summary":"The article investigates in how far the National Museum of the American Indian succeeded in its attempt to Indigenize museum work: counter-acting representations of static cultures with a focus in living cultures from Indigenous perspectives through community curation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38028466,"asset_id":13376905,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8489292,"first_name":"Sonja","last_name":"John","domain_name":"lavanguardia","page_name":"SonjaJohn","display_name":"Sonja John","profile_url":"https://lavanguardia.academia.edu/SonjaJohn?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8489292/9738258/10847956/s65_sonja.john.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":36593,"name":"Native American Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Anthropology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37709228" data-work_id="37709228" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37709228/Open_Letter_on_Standing_Rock_letter_Sept_16_2016_to_US_Army_Corps_of_Engineers">Open Letter on Standing Rock letter Sept 16 2016 to US Army Corps of Engineers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dear General Semonite We write as concerned archaeologists, heritage specialists, and tribal members to convey our support for the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe in their efforts to protect sacred sites, ancestral burial grounds, and water... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37709228" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dear General Semonite <br />We write as concerned archaeologists, heritage specialists, and tribal members to convey our support for the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe in their efforts to protect sacred sites, ancestral burial grounds, and water near the planned Dakota Access Pipeline project areas.  ....</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37709228" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f0030939febb3130985c68357e9e5a16" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57701227,"asset_id":37709228,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57701227/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15427" href="https://sfu.academia.edu/GeorgeNicholas">George Nicholas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15427" type="text/json">{"id":15427,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Nicholas","domain_name":"sfu","page_name":"GeorgeNicholas","display_name":"George Nicholas","profile_url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/GeorgeNicholas?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15427/5185/10841033/s65_george.nicholas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37709228 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37709228"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37709228, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37709228", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37709228 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37709228; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37709228"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37709228 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37709228"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37709228; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37709228]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37709228").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37709228").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37709228"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="926" type="text/json">{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage">Cultural Heritage</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2132" type="text/json">{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37709228]'), work: {"id":37709228,"title":"Open Letter on Standing Rock letter Sept 16 2016 to US Army Corps of Engineers","created_at":"2018-11-05T21:17:25.043-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37709228/Open_Letter_on_Standing_Rock_letter_Sept_16_2016_to_US_Army_Corps_of_Engineers?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_37709228","summary":"Dear General Semonite \nWe write as concerned archaeologists, heritage specialists, and tribal members to convey our support for the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe in their efforts to protect sacred sites, ancestral burial grounds, and water near the planned Dakota Access Pipeline project areas. ....","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57701227,"asset_id":37709228,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15427,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Nicholas","domain_name":"sfu","page_name":"GeorgeNicholas","display_name":"George Nicholas","profile_url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/GeorgeNicholas?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15427/5185/10841033/s65_george.nicholas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":8331,"name":"Indigenous Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge?f_ri=299"},{"id":8769,"name":"Intangible cultural heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intangible_cultural_heritage?f_ri=299"},{"id":18590,"name":"Environmental Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Justice?f_ri=299"},{"id":19405,"name":"Cultural Heritage Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage_Management?f_ri=299"},{"id":19764,"name":"Intangible Cultural Heritage (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Culture_?f_ri=299"},{"id":22266,"name":"Environmental Law and Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Law_and_Human_Rights?f_ri=299"},{"id":2520726,"name":"Dakota Access Pipeline","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dakota_Access_Pipeline?f_ri=299"},{"id":2606797,"name":"Standing Rock Protests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standing_Rock_Protests?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75833760" data-work_id="75833760" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75833760/Ghosts_in_the_Archive_Re_Vis_ion_ing_Transnational_Perspectives_with_Anna_Lee_Walters_s_Ghost_Singer_and_Diana_Taylor_s_The_Archive_and_the_Repertoire">Ghosts in the Archive: Re-Vis(ion)ing Transnational Perspectives with Anna Lee Walters’s Ghost Singer and Diana Taylor’s The Archive and the Repertoire</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay probes the limitations of current transnational perspectives in American studies by drawing attention to an often disregarded internal transnationalism. Via a reading of Anna Lee Walters’s novel Ghost Singer , based on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75833760" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay probes the limitations of current transnational perspectives in American studies by drawing attention to an often disregarded internal transnationalism. Via a reading of Anna Lee Walters’s novel Ghost Singer , based on performance scholar Diana Taylor’s concepts of the archive and the repertoire, the analysis negotiates Western and Native American epistemologies regarding concepts of perception, haunting, and temporality that entail challenging implications for transnational scholarship.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75833760" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3b4e74ff3aa83bcd4f48a3154caa7c1e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83446767,"asset_id":75833760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83446767/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57452329" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FlorianTatschner">Florian Tatschner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57452329" type="text/json">{"id":57452329,"first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Tatschner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FlorianTatschner","display_name":"Florian Tatschner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FlorianTatschner?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57452329/23758330/22783082/s65_florian.tatschner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75833760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75833760"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75833760, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75833760", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75833760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75833760; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75833760"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75833760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75833760"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75833760; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75833760]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75833760").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75833760").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75833760"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature">American Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10" type="text/json">{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="390" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies">American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="390" type="text/json">{"id":390,"name":"American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="808" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics">Aesthetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="808" type="text/json">{"id":808,"name":"Aesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75833760]'), work: {"id":75833760,"title":"Ghosts in the Archive: Re-Vis(ion)ing Transnational Perspectives with Anna Lee Walters’s Ghost Singer and Diana Taylor’s The Archive and the Repertoire","created_at":"2022-04-08T09:33:13.857-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75833760/Ghosts_in_the_Archive_Re_Vis_ion_ing_Transnational_Perspectives_with_Anna_Lee_Walters_s_Ghost_Singer_and_Diana_Taylor_s_The_Archive_and_the_Repertoire?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_75833760","summary":"This essay probes the limitations of current transnational perspectives in American studies by drawing attention to an often disregarded internal transnationalism. Via a reading of Anna Lee Walters’s novel Ghost Singer , based on performance scholar Diana Taylor’s concepts of the archive and the repertoire, the analysis negotiates Western and Native American epistemologies regarding concepts of perception, haunting, and temporality that entail challenging implications for transnational scholarship.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83446767,"asset_id":75833760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57452329,"first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Tatschner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FlorianTatschner","display_name":"Florian Tatschner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FlorianTatschner?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57452329/23758330/22783082/s65_florian.tatschner.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":390,"name":"American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":808,"name":"Aesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=299"},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=299"},{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art?f_ri=299"},{"id":2793,"name":"Transnationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnationalism?f_ri=299"},{"id":11879,"name":"Native American Literature (Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Literature_Literature_?f_ri=299"},{"id":43277,"name":"Transnational American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_American_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":54780,"name":"Presence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Presence?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71898459" data-work_id="71898459" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71898459/_I_ll_be_right_behind_you_Native_American_families_and_college_affordability">“I’ll be right behind you”: Native American families and college affordability</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71898459" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6f451e30731a87733a01afa542479700" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81055079,"asset_id":71898459,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81055079/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40943616" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NolanCabrera">Nolan Cabrera</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40943616" type="text/json">{"id":40943616,"first_name":"Nolan","last_name":"Cabrera","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NolanCabrera","display_name":"Nolan Cabrera","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NolanCabrera?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40943616/29133528/27148169/s65_nolan.cabrera.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71898459 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71898459"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71898459, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71898459", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71898459 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71898459; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71898459"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71898459 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71898459"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71898459; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71898459]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71898459").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71898459").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71898459"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="926" type="text/json">{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2621" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education">Higher Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2621" type="text/json">{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12514" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Aid">Financial Aid</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12514" type="text/json">{"id":12514,"name":"Financial Aid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Aid?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71898459]'), work: {"id":71898459,"title":"“I’ll be right behind you”: Native American families and college affordability","created_at":"2022-02-19T20:07:45.020-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71898459/_I_ll_be_right_behind_you_Native_American_families_and_college_affordability?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_71898459","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81055079,"asset_id":71898459,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40943616,"first_name":"Nolan","last_name":"Cabrera","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NolanCabrera","display_name":"Nolan Cabrera","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NolanCabrera?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40943616/29133528/27148169/s65_nolan.cabrera.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":12514,"name":"Financial Aid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Aid?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":102674,"name":"College Students","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/College_Students?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19546665" data-work_id="19546665" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19546665/Native_and_Indigenous_Education_in_the_Americas_Indigenous_Knowledge_Systems_Equity_and_Economies">Native and Indigenous Education in the Americas: Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Equity, and Economies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter addresses the complex, historical, socio-political context of Native and Indigenous education within several national and regional contexts. Settler colonialism is particularly highlighted as a source of Native and Indigenous... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19546665" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter addresses the complex, historical, socio-political context of Native and Indigenous education within several national and regional contexts. Settler colonialism is particularly highlighted as a source of Native and Indigenous land dispossession, dehumanization, and disenfranchisement. Attention is devoted to the interplay between economic development, equity and human rights discourses in education, with a critical eye toward the Euro-dominance that allows limited<br />forms of Native and Indigenous cultural and linguistic autonomy. Finally, neoliberal global capitalism’s impact on the educational contexts of Native and Indigenous peoples is explored in various specific social locations with specific examples.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19546665" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dfb9058778f0dc8b26a32bf29a0884ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40688863,"asset_id":19546665,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40688863/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2373579" href="https://utexas.academia.edu/LuisUrrieta">Luis Urrieta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2373579" type="text/json">{"id":2373579,"first_name":"Luis","last_name":"Urrieta","domain_name":"utexas","page_name":"LuisUrrieta","display_name":"Luis Urrieta","profile_url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/LuisUrrieta?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2373579/747257/35054227/s65_luis.urrieta.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19546665 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19546665"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19546665, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19546665", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19546665 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19546665; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19546665"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19546665 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19546665"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19546665; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19546665]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19546665").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19546665").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19546665"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3073" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_education">Indigenous education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3073" type="text/json">{"id":3073,"name":"Indigenous education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_education?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3429" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Research">Educational Research</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3429" type="text/json">{"id":3429,"name":"Educational Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Research?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19546665]'), work: {"id":19546665,"title":"Native and Indigenous Education in the Americas: Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Equity, and Economies","created_at":"2015-12-07T20:15:15.417-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19546665/Native_and_Indigenous_Education_in_the_Americas_Indigenous_Knowledge_Systems_Equity_and_Economies?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_19546665","summary":"This chapter addresses the complex, historical, socio-political context of Native and Indigenous education within several national and regional contexts. Settler colonialism is particularly highlighted as a source of Native and Indigenous land dispossession, dehumanization, and disenfranchisement. Attention is devoted to the interplay between economic development, equity and human rights discourses in education, with a critical eye toward the Euro-dominance that allows limited\nforms of Native and Indigenous cultural and linguistic autonomy. Finally, neoliberal global capitalism’s impact on the educational contexts of Native and Indigenous peoples is explored in various specific social locations with specific examples.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40688863,"asset_id":19546665,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2373579,"first_name":"Luis","last_name":"Urrieta","domain_name":"utexas","page_name":"LuisUrrieta","display_name":"Luis Urrieta","profile_url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/LuisUrrieta?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2373579/747257/35054227/s65_luis.urrieta.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3073,"name":"Indigenous education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_education?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3429,"name":"Educational Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Research?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":124146,"name":"Native American education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_education?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6166142" data-work_id="6166142" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6166142/The_Founders_Founder_Review_of_Edwin_S_Gaustad_Liberty_of_Conscience_Roger_Williams_in_America_Valley_Forge_PA_Judson_Press_1999_">The Founders' Founder: Review of Edwin S. Gaustad, Liberty of Conscience: Roger Williams in America (Valley Forge, PA: Judson Press, 1999)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book by Edwin Gaustad was the first book I read on Roger Williams in 2002. It inspired me to proceed with research on Williams during the ensuing decade while I was working full time as a litigation lawyer and then, finally, in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6166142" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book by Edwin Gaustad was the first book I read on Roger Williams in 2002.  It inspired me to proceed with research on Williams during the ensuing decade while I was working full time as a litigation lawyer and then, finally, in retirement, when I wrote and published my book The First American Founder: Roger Williams and Freedom of Conscience.  Gaustad is, in my view, one of the finest interpreters of Roger Williams, though he did not meticulously document his factual statements with footnotes or endnotes.  I wrote this review of his book in 2002.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6166142" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f42c446aac83c38309ae37dd120b0967" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34712412,"asset_id":6166142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34712412/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9340077" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/AlanJohnson">Alan E . Johnson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9340077" type="text/json">{"id":9340077,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Johnson","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"AlanJohnson","display_name":"Alan E . Johnson","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/AlanJohnson?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9340077/2986287/7635661/s65_alan.johnson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6166142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6166142"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6166142, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6166142", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6166142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6166142; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6166142"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6166142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6166142"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6166142; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6166142]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6166142").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6166142").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6166142"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="813" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy">Political Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="813" type="text/json">{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1696" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory">Political Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1696" type="text/json">{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3021" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_America">Colonial America</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3021" type="text/json">{"id":3021,"name":"Colonial America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_America?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6166142]'), work: {"id":6166142,"title":"The Founders' Founder: Review of Edwin S. Gaustad, Liberty of Conscience: Roger Williams in America (Valley Forge, PA: Judson Press, 1999)","created_at":"2014-02-21T21:40:31.781-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6166142/The_Founders_Founder_Review_of_Edwin_S_Gaustad_Liberty_of_Conscience_Roger_Williams_in_America_Valley_Forge_PA_Judson_Press_1999_?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_6166142","summary":"This book by Edwin Gaustad was the first book I read on Roger Williams in 2002. It inspired me to proceed with research on Williams during the ensuing decade while I was working full time as a litigation lawyer and then, finally, in retirement, when I wrote and published my book The First American Founder: Roger Williams and Freedom of Conscience. Gaustad is, in my view, one of the finest interpreters of Roger Williams, though he did not meticulously document his factual statements with footnotes or endnotes. I wrote this review of his book in 2002.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34712412,"asset_id":6166142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9340077,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Johnson","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"AlanJohnson","display_name":"Alan E . Johnson","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/AlanJohnson?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9340077/2986287/7635661/s65_alan.johnson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3021,"name":"Colonial America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_America?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":3059,"name":"Religion and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics?f_ri=299"},{"id":14104,"name":"Political Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theology?f_ri=299"},{"id":21096,"name":"Separation of Church and State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Separation_of_Church_and_State?f_ri=299"},{"id":39596,"name":"New England (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_England_History_?f_ri=299"},{"id":51069,"name":"Rhode Island History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhode_Island_History?f_ri=299"},{"id":98016,"name":"American Puritanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Puritanism?f_ri=299"},{"id":111994,"name":"Roger Williams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roger_Williams?f_ri=299"},{"id":116468,"name":"Church and State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_and_State?f_ri=299"},{"id":230768,"name":"American Founding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Founding?f_ri=299"},{"id":274273,"name":"Liberty of conscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberty_of_conscience?f_ri=299"},{"id":325013,"name":"Theocracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theocracy?f_ri=299"},{"id":474391,"name":"Theocracy in Early Massachusetts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theocracy_in_Early_Massachusetts?f_ri=299"},{"id":522197,"name":"History of Rhode Island \u0026 Massachusetts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Rhode_Island_and_Massachusetts?f_ri=299"},{"id":1106041,"name":"Roger Williams Theologian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roger_Williams_Theologian?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2049397" data-work_id="2049397" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2049397/How_has_ethnic_identity_been_used_to_forward_rights_claims_in_the_public_sphere_What_is_the_connection_of_these_claims_to_Class_in_Latin_America">How has ethnic identity been used to forward rights claims in the public sphere? What is the connection of these claims to Class in Latin America?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2049397" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e3392a4a9a76160de04c1402fd4f660c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":29593171,"asset_id":2049397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29593171/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1866441" href="https://lse.academia.edu/LyndonMukasa">Lyndon Mukasa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1866441" type="text/json">{"id":1866441,"first_name":"Lyndon","last_name":"Mukasa","domain_name":"lse","page_name":"LyndonMukasa","display_name":"Lyndon Mukasa","profile_url":"https://lse.academia.edu/LyndonMukasa?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1866441/633149/31898796/s65_lyndon.mukasa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2049397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2049397"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2049397, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2049397", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2049397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2049397; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2049397"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2049397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2049397"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2049397; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2049397]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2049397").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2049397").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2049397"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">50</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="898" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="898" type="text/json">{"id":898,"name":"Multiculturalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiculturalism?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2049397]'), work: {"id":2049397,"title":"How has ethnic identity been used to forward rights claims in the public sphere? What is the connection of these claims to Class in Latin America?","created_at":"2012-10-22T08:17:26.317-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2049397/How_has_ethnic_identity_been_used_to_forward_rights_claims_in_the_public_sphere_What_is_the_connection_of_these_claims_to_Class_in_Latin_America?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_2049397","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":29593171,"asset_id":2049397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1866441,"first_name":"Lyndon","last_name":"Mukasa","domain_name":"lse","page_name":"LyndonMukasa","display_name":"Lyndon Mukasa","profile_url":"https://lse.academia.edu/LyndonMukasa?f_ri=299","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1866441/633149/31898796/s65_lyndon.mukasa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":898,"name":"Multiculturalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiculturalism?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":975,"name":"Sex and Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender?f_ri=299"},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=299"},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=299"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=299"},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=299"},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=299"},{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations?f_ri=299"},{"id":3502,"name":"Amerindian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amerindian_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":3849,"name":"Conflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conflict?f_ri=299"},{"id":4370,"name":"Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security?f_ri=299"},{"id":5273,"name":"Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class?f_ri=299"},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=299"},{"id":7562,"name":"Civil Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Rights?f_ri=299"},{"id":9688,"name":"Globalisation and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalisation_and_Development?f_ri=299"},{"id":9707,"name":"Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy?f_ri=299"},{"id":10379,"name":"South and Central American Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_and_Central_American_Politics?f_ri=299"},{"id":11639,"name":"Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Racism?f_ri=299"},{"id":12098,"name":"Ethnic Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Identity?f_ri=299"},{"id":13474,"name":"World Bank","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Bank?f_ri=299"},{"id":14426,"name":"Political Economies of Capitalism, Imperialism/Colonialism, Racism, and Patriarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economies_of_Capitalism_Imperialism_Colonialism_Racism_and_Patriarchy?f_ri=299"},{"id":17439,"name":"Ecuador","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecuador?f_ri=299"},{"id":18183,"name":"Discourse of multiculturalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_of_multiculturalism?f_ri=299"},{"id":20009,"name":"Inequality (Economics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inequality_Economics_?f_ri=299"},{"id":21637,"name":"Globalisation and Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalisation_and_Sustainable_Development?f_ri=299"},{"id":23713,"name":"Amazonian Ecuador","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazonian_Ecuador?f_ri=299"},{"id":24746,"name":"Social Inequality (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Inequality_Anthropology_?f_ri=299"},{"id":24748,"name":"Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity?f_ri=299"},{"id":30160,"name":"Minority Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minority_Rights?f_ri=299"},{"id":43150,"name":"Anti-Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Racism?f_ri=299"},{"id":43881,"name":"Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico?f_ri=299"},{"id":45559,"name":"Peace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace?f_ri=299"},{"id":53238,"name":"Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race?f_ri=299"},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=299"},{"id":67043,"name":"Globalization and Gender, Labor market regulation and workers’ rights, Empowerment and inequality, Social and welfare policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization_and_Gender_Labor_market_regulation_and_workers_rights_Empowerment_and_inequality_?f_ri=299"},{"id":83226,"name":"Indigenismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenismo?f_ri=299"},{"id":91070,"name":"Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inequality?f_ri=299"},{"id":92257,"name":"Freedom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freedom?f_ri=299"},{"id":119748,"name":"Pluriculturalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pluriculturalism?f_ri=299"},{"id":187242,"name":"Neocolonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neocolonialism?f_ri=299"},{"id":420649,"name":"Ethnic politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_politics?f_ri=299"},{"id":846773,"name":"Amerindian People","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amerindian_People?f_ri=299"},{"id":846778,"name":"Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities Ecuador","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confederation_of_Indigenous_Nationalities_Ecuador?f_ri=299"},{"id":846780,"name":"National Indigenous Congress in Mexico.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Indigenous_Congress_in_Mexico?f_ri=299"},{"id":951126,"name":"Ethnicity and Identity Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity_and_Identity_Politics?f_ri=299"},{"id":956201,"name":"National and Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_and_Social_Movements?f_ri=299"},{"id":956204,"name":"Inter ethnic Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inter_ethnic_Relations?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49753064" data-work_id="49753064" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49753064/Lesson_Plan_for_the_Haudenosaunee_Thanksgiving_Address_in_C3_Format">Lesson Plan for the Haudenosaunee Thanksgiving Address in C3 Format</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">An example of how to incorporate Native American thinking and culture into a class for middle school students using the Gyun Yuk, or "words before all else."</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49753064" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7b3a689e738dc6cb14c092d29dc247b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68001929,"asset_id":49753064,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68001929/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NDUzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="157921565" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterBrooks35">Peter Brooks</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="157921565" type="text/json">{"id":157921565,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Brooks","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterBrooks35","display_name":"Peter Brooks","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterBrooks35?f_ri=299","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/6f32476161341208ed749db863558e46?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49753064 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49753064"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49753064, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49753064", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49753064 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49753064; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49753064"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49753064 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49753064"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49753064; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49753064]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49753064").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49753064").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49753064"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Religions">Native American Religions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="119" type="text/json">{"id":119,"name":"Native American Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Religions?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences">Social Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1237" type="text/json">{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=299","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49753064]'), work: {"id":49753064,"title":"Lesson Plan for the Haudenosaunee Thanksgiving Address in C3 Format","created_at":"2021-07-11T10:19:55.129-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49753064/Lesson_Plan_for_the_Haudenosaunee_Thanksgiving_Address_in_C3_Format?f_ri=299","dom_id":"work_49753064","summary":"An example of how to incorporate Native American thinking and culture into a class for middle school students using the Gyun Yuk, or \"words before all else.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68001929,"asset_id":49753064,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":157921565,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Brooks","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterBrooks35","display_name":"Peter Brooks","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterBrooks35?f_ri=299","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/6f32476161341208ed749db863558e46?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":119,"name":"Native American Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Religions?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=299","nofollow":false},{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=299"},{"id":2671,"name":"Emotional intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotional_intelligence?f_ri=299"},{"id":3457,"name":"Learning and Teaching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_and_Teaching?f_ri=299"},{"id":4874,"name":"Middle School/Level Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_School_Level_Education?f_ri=299"},{"id":12932,"name":"Teaching Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Methodology?f_ri=299"},{"id":36600,"name":"Native American (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_?f_ri=299"},{"id":40793,"name":"Algonquian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algonquian_studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":60843,"name":"Reflective Teaching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reflective_Teaching?f_ri=299"},{"id":167746,"name":"Cultural and Social Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_and_Social_Anthropology?f_ri=299"},{"id":241062,"name":"Iroquois history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iroquois_history?f_ri=299"},{"id":258023,"name":"Iroquoian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iroquoian_Studies?f_ri=299"},{"id":337154,"name":"Social and emotional learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_emotional_learning?f_ri=299"},{"id":544870,"name":"Seneca Iroquois","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seneca_Iroquois?f_ri=299"},{"id":655807,"name":"Teaching for Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_for_Social_Justice?f_ri=299"},{"id":706632,"name":"Children's Social and Emotional Wellbeing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_Social_and_Emotional_Wellbeing?f_ri=299"},{"id":741146,"name":"Social and Emotional Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Emotional_Development?f_ri=299"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?after=50%2C49753064" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="926">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="926">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_Studies">American Indian Studies</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="57889">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="57889">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge">Indigenous Knowledge</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="8331">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="8331">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies">Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="927">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="927">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settler_Colonial_Studies">Settler Colonial Studies</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="36393">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="36393">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_">Native American (History)</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="36600">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="36600">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples">Indigenous Peoples</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="19495">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="19495">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Literature_Literature_">Native American Literature (Literature)</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="11879">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="11879">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American">Native American</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="15504">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="15504">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Politics">Indigenous Politics</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="5060">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="5060">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "e43bc3f1596832e9be75a9b00b62c3aa9764e681250b181004505448442fb86c", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="iNxUpfvxOKXbuzac1IK2w/muU/V9u0gv5zvhX0czbatgQ+rdeK57Bm7AU8OkZuMfrBQISss5kOAn0VmKif4sSw==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="L4WkHuODaZdADXKe7s7ft9qYz/Z01oRBpVHB8WxJbm/HGhpmYNwqNPV2F8GeKoprjyKUScJUXI5lu3kkooQvjw==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>