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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanboku-chō period</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88" title="فترة نانبوكو تشو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فترة نانبوكو تشو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97" title="নান্‌বোকু-চোও যুগ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নান্‌বোকু-চোও যুগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanboku-ty%C3%B4_s%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="Nanboku-tyô sî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nanboku-tyô sî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83-%D1%87%D0%BE" title="Нанбоку-чо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нанбоку-чо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADode_Nanboku-ch%C5%8D" title="Període Nanboku-chō – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Període Nanboku-chō" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obdob%C3%AD_Nanboku%C4%8D%C3%B3" title="Období Nanbokučó – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Období Nanbokučó" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namboku-ch%C5%8D" title="Namboku-chō – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Namboku-chō" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period" title="Nanboku-chō period – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nanboku-chō period" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Nanbokuch%C5%8D" title="Período Nanbokuchō – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Período Nanbokuchō" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%D9%88" title="دوره نانبوکوچو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوره نانبوکوچو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89poque_Nanboku-ch%C5%8D" title="Époque Nanboku-chō – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Époque Nanboku-chō" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%9C%EB%B3%B4%EC%BF%A0%EC%B4%88_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="난보쿠초 시대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="난보쿠초 시대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Nanboku-cho" title="Zaman Nanboku-cho – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zaman Nanboku-cho" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_Nanboku-ch%C5%8D" title="Periodo Nanboku-chō – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Periodo Nanboku-chō" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="תקופת שתי החצרות הקיסריות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקופת שתי החצרות הקיסריות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_jap%C3%A1n_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1ri_udvar_k%C3%BCl%C3%B6nv%C3%A1l%C3%A1sa" title="A japán császári udvar különválása – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A japán császári udvar különválása" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempoh_Nanboku-ch%C5%8D" title="Tempoh Nanboku-chō – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tempoh Nanboku-chō" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanboku-cho-periode" title="Nanboku-cho-periode – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nanboku-cho-periode" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="南北朝時代 (日本) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="南北朝時代 (日本)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Nanboku-ch%C5%8D" title="Período Nanboku-chō – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Período Nanboku-chō" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%91" title="Период Намбокутё – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Период Намбокутё" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%9B%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Нанбокућо период – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нанбокућо период" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanboku-ch%C5%8D-kausi" title="Nanboku-chō-kausi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nanboku-chō-kausi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanboku-ch%C5%8D" title="Nanboku-chō – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nanboku-chō" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD-%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" title="ยุคราชสำนักเหนือ-ใต้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุคราชสำนักเหนือ-ใต้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Nanboku-chō Dönemi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nanboku-chō Dönemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%BE" title="Період Намбокутьо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Період Намбокутьо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%E2%80%93B%E1%BA%AFc_tri%E1%BB%81u_(Nh%E1%BA%ADt_B%E1%BA%A3n)" title="Nam–Bắc triều (Nhật Bản) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nam–Bắc triều (Nhật Bản)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="南北朝 (日本) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="南北朝 (日本)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="南北朝时代 (日本) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南北朝时代 (日本)" data-language-autonym="中文" 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ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History of Japan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KaiIchiranzu1806.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/KaiIchiranzu1806.jpg/150px-KaiIchiranzu1806.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/KaiIchiranzu1806.jpg/225px-KaiIchiranzu1806.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/KaiIchiranzu1806.jpg/300px-KaiIchiranzu1806.jpg 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="844" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Periods</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_Paleolithic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese Paleolithic (not yet started)">Paleolithic</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">before 14,000 <a href="/wiki/Before_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Christ">BC</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">14,000 – 300 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Yayoi_period" title="Yayoi period">Yayoi</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">300 BC – 300 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">300–538</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Asuka_period" title="Asuka period">Asuka</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">538–710</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">710–794</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">794–1185</td></tr></tbody></table><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1185–1333</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenmu_Restoration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenmu Restoration (not yet started)">Kenmu Restoration</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><i>1333–1336</i></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period"><b>Muromachi</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ashikaga)</span></a> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nanboku-chō</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1336–1573</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period"><b>Azuchi–Momoyama</b></a> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanban_trade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanban trade (not yet started)">Nanban trade</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1573–1603</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period"><b>Edo</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tokugawa)</span></a> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">Sakoku</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convention_of_Kanagawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convention of Kanagawa (not yet started)">Convention of Kanagawa</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakumatsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakumatsu (not yet started)">Bakumatsu</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1603–1868</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Meiji_period" title="Meiji period"><b>Meiji</b></a> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Restoration</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1868–1912</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_period" title="Taishō period"><b>Taishō</b></a> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan_during_World_War_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japan during World War I (not yet started)">World War I</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1912–1926</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_period" title="Shōwa period"><b>Shōwa</b></a> <div class="plainlist wraplinks" style="padding-left:1.4em;text-align:left;line-height:1.25em;padding-bottom:0.2em;"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C5%8Dwa_financial_crisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shōwa financial crisis (not yet started)">Financial crisis</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_militarism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese militarism (not yet started)">Militarism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_economic_miracle" title="Japanese economic miracle">Economic miracle</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-occupation_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Post-occupation Japan (not yet started)">Post-occupation</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_asset_price_bubble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese asset price bubble (not yet started)">Bubble economy</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1926–1989</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Heisei_period" title="Heisei period"><b>Heisei</b></a> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lost_Decade_(Japan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lost Decade (Japan) (not yet started)">Lost Decade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake" title="Great Hanshin earthquake">Great Hanshin earthquake</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">Great East Japan earthquake</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Japanese_imperial_transition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 Japanese imperial transition (not yet started)">Imperial transition</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1989–2019 <span style="font-size:85%;">(planned)</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Reiwa_period" title="Reiwa period"><b>Reiwa</b></a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2019 <span style="font-size:85%;">(planned)</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Topics</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_currency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese currency (not yet started)">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_earthquakes_in_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of earthquakes in Japan (not yet started)">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_history_of_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economic history of Japan (not yet started)">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_education_in_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of education in Japan (not yet started)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historiography of Japan (not yet started)">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military history of Japan (not yet started)">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naval_history_of_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naval history of Japan (not yet started)">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-war_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Post-war Japan (not yet started)">Post-war</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Japanese_history&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glossary of Japanese history (not yet started)">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Japanese_history&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of Japanese history (not yet started)">Timeline</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Japan" title="Template:History of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:History_of_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:History of Japan (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:History_of_Japan&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Nanboku-chō period</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">南北朝時代</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Nanboku-chō jidai</i></span>)</span>, also known as <b>Nambokuchō</b> or the period of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Court" title="Northern Court">Northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Court" title="Southern Court">Southern Courts</a>, started in 1333 or 1336 and ended 1392.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanbokucho-capitals.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Nanbokucho-capitals.svg/130px-Nanbokucho-capitals.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Nanbokucho-capitals.svg/195px-Nanbokucho-capitals.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Nanbokucho-capitals.svg/260px-Nanbokucho-capitals.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption>In the <i>Nanboku-chō</i> period, there were two rival Imperial courts and two rival <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Japan" title="Capital of Japan">capitals of Japan</a>. They were:<br /><li>Northern capital : <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a><br /></li><li>Southern capital : <a href="/wiki/Yoshino,_Nara" title="Yoshino, Nara">Yoshino</a>.</li></figcaption></figure> <p>During 60+ years of the 14th century, <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> was the seat of an <a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">pretender</a> Imperial group known as the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Court" title="Northern Court">Northern Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The series of pretender emperors in Kyoto were supported by the <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate" title="Ashikaga shogunate">Ashikaga shogunate</a>, but some disputed whether they were true monarchs. </p><p>During these years, a <a href="/wiki/Southern_Court" title="Southern Court">Southern Court</a> was established in the Yoshino District of what is today <a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefecture" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara Prefecture</a>. The series of emperors in Yoshino were rejected by the Ashikaga shoguns and their supporters. </p><p>Forces loyal to the two rival courts fought for more than six decades. This period of rivalry is sometimes identified as the early part of the <a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi period</a> of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History of Japan</a>. </p><p>In 1392, the Southern court stopped fighting; and the Northern Court seemed to have won the long struggle. However, the claims of the Kyoto pretenders were undermined by scholars and historians. The so-called "emperors" in Kyoto did not have of the essential Imperial regalia until after 1392. The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">succession</a> (<i>senso</i>) was not passed to them from <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Daigo" title="Emperor Go-Daigo">Emperor Go-Daigo</a>. The pretenders were not confirmed with valid <a href="/wiki/Ceremony" title="Ceremony">ceremonies</a> (<i>sokui</i>). </p><p>In 1911, an Imperial decree confirmed that the only legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the Southern Court emperors.<sup id="cite_ref-concise_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-concise-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Northern_Court_pretenders">Northern Court pretenders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Northern Court pretenders" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Northern Court pretenders"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_K%C5%8Dgon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Kōgon (not yet started)">Emperor Kōgon</a>, 1331–1333<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Kōmyō (not yet started)">Emperor Kōmyō</a>, 1336–1348<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Suk%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Sukō (not yet started)">Emperor Sukō</a>, 1348–1351<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dgon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Go-Kōgon (not yet started)">Emperor Go-Kōgon</a>, 1352–1371<sup id="cite_ref-google255_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google255-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Go-En%27y%C5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Go-En'yū (not yet started)">Emperor Go-En'yū</a>, 1371–1382<sup id="cite_ref-google251_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google251-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Go-Komatsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Go-Komatsu (not yet started)">Emperor Go-Komatsu</a>, 1382–1412<sup id="cite_ref-google255_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google255-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Southern_Court_emperors">Southern Court emperors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Southern Court emperors" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Southern Court emperors"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Daigo" title="Emperor Go-Daigo">Emperor Go-Daigo</a>, 1318–1339<sup id="cite_ref-google251_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google251-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Murakami" title="Emperor Go-Murakami">Emperor Go-Murakami</a>, 1339–1368<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Ch%C5%8Dkei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Chōkei (not yet started)">Emperor Chōkei</a>, 1368–1383<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Go-Kameyama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Go-Kameyama (not yet started)">Emperor Go-Kameyama</a>, 1383–1392<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Court" title="Northern Court">Northern Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Court" title="Southern Court">Southern Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_eras" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Japanese eras">List of Japanese eras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku period</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum2002" class="citation book cs1">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA694"><i>Japan Encyclopedia</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 694. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5"><bdi>978-0-674-01753-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=694&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01753-5&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Louis-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp2QnPijAEmEC%26pg%3DPA694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANanboku-ch%C5%8D+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum2002" class="citation book cs1">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA344"><i>Japan Encyclopedia</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 344. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5"><bdi>978-0-674-01753-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=344&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01753-5&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Louis-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp2QnPijAEmEC%26pg%3DPA344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANanboku-ch%C5%8D+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-concise-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-concise_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2002" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Julia Adeney (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n2OV3bE-W9cC&pg=PA199"><i>Reconfiguring Modernity: Concepts of Nature in Japanese Political Ideology</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-92684-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-92684-4"><bdi>978-0-520-92684-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reconfiguring+Modernity%3A+Concepts+of+Nature+in+Japanese+Political+Ideology&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-520-92684-4&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Julia+Adeney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn2OV3bE-W9cC%26pg%3DPA199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANanboku-ch%C5%8D+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum2002" class="citation book cs1">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA543"><i>Japan Encyclopedia</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 543. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5"><bdi>978-0-674-01753-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=543&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01753-5&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Louis-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp2QnPijAEmEC%26pg%3DPA543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANanboku-ch%C5%8D+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum2002" class="citation book cs1">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA555"><i>Japan Encyclopedia</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 555. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5"><bdi>978-0-674-01753-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=555&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01753-5&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Louis-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp2QnPijAEmEC%26pg%3DPA555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANanboku-ch%C5%8D+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum2002" class="citation book cs1">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA911"><i>Japan Encyclopedia</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 911. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5"><bdi>978-0-674-01753-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=911&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01753-5&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Louis-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp2QnPijAEmEC%26pg%3DPA911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANanboku-ch%C5%8D+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google255-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-google255_7-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-google255_7-1">7.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum2002" class="citation book cs1">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA255"><i>Japan Encyclopedia</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5"><bdi>978-0-674-01753-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01753-5&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Louis-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp2QnPijAEmEC%26pg%3DPA255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANanboku-ch%C5%8D+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google251-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-google251_8-0">8.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-google251_8-1">8.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum2002" class="citation book cs1">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA251"><i>Japan Encyclopedia</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 251. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5"><bdi>978-0-674-01753-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=251&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01753-5&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Louis-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp2QnPijAEmEC%26pg%3DPA251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANanboku-ch%C5%8D+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum2002" class="citation book cs1">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA257"><i>Japan Encyclopedia</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5"><bdi>978-0-674-01753-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01753-5&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Louis-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp2QnPijAEmEC%26pg%3DPA257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANanboku-ch%C5%8D+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum2002" class="citation book cs1">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA120"><i>Japan Encyclopedia</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5"><bdi>978-0-674-01753-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01753-5&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Louis-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp2QnPijAEmEC%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANanboku-ch%C5%8D+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum2002" class="citation book cs1">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA253"><i>Japan Encyclopedia</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 253. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5"><bdi>978-0-674-01753-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=253&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01753-5&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Louis-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp2QnPijAEmEC%26pg%3DPA253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANanboku-ch%C5%8D+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nambokucho_period" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nambokucho period">Nambokucho period</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japangeo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Japangeo.png/30px-Japangeo.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Japangeo.png/45px-Japangeo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Japangeo.png/60px-Japangeo.png 2x" data-file-width="211" data-file-height="251" /></a></span> <i>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">short article</a> about <a href="/wiki/Category:Japan_stubs" title="Category:Japan stubs">Japan</a> can be made longer. 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