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Vaughn Crichlow | Florida Atlantic University - Academia.edu

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if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = [{"id":5054709,"link":"http://www.fau.edu/sccj/faculty.php","name":"FAU Faculty Profile ","link_domain":"www.fau.edu","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=www.fau.edu"}]</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{&quot;inMailer&quot;:false,&quot;i18nLocale&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;i18nDefaultLocale&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://fau.academia.edu/VaughnCrichlow?swp=tc-au-57594976&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;/VaughnCrichlow?swp=tc-au-57594976&quot;,&quot;scheme&quot;:&quot;https&quot;,&quot;host&quot;:&quot;fau.academia.edu&quot;,&quot;port&quot;:null,&quot;pathname&quot;:&quot;/VaughnCrichlow&quot;,&quot;search&quot;:&quot;swp=tc-au-57594976&quot;,&quot;httpAcceptLanguage&quot;:null,&quot;serverSide&quot;:false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-3204b132-3321-4eff-bc4e-58a07daee359"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-3204b132-3321-4eff-bc4e-58a07daee359"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Vaughn Crichlow" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != &#39;//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png&#39;) this.src = &#39;//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png&#39;;" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1246216/800058/11675126/s200_vaughn.crichlow.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Vaughn Crichlow</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://fau.academia.edu/">Florida Atlantic University</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://fau.academia.edu/Departments/Criminology_and_Criminal_Justice/Documents">Criminology and Criminal Justice</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Vaughn" data-follow-user-id="1246216" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="1246216"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">260</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">3</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Dr. Vaughn Joel Crichlow is the Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Student Services in the College of Social Work and Criminal Justice. He is also an Associate Professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Florida Atlantic University. His research is focused on international and cross-cultural comparisons in policing and crime prevention, procedural justice and police legitimacy, and also testing theories of crime and deviance. He received his Ph.D. in Criminal Justice from Michigan State University. He also holds a Law degree from the University of London and acquired graduate and undergraduate degrees from Rowan University and the University of the West-Indies respectively. Dr. Crichlow’s dissertation examined procedural justice and police legitimacy perspectives among immigrant and non-immigrant business owners in the city of Detroit. Regarding grant supported work, he was involved in projects related to policing and crime prevention in Michigan, including a focused deterrence initiative called ‘Ceasefire Detroit.’ He has also conducted research on the police use of technology and has contributed to numerous workshops and discussion forums on racial injustice. His published work has appeared in respected journals such as the Criminal Justice &amp; Behavior, the Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice &amp; Criminology, the Journal of Community Psychology and Policing and Society. He was a contributor to an edited book on community policing in indigenous societies. In addition, he is the co-author of a recent book entitled “Police-Community Relations in Times of Crisis: Decay and Reform in the Post-Ferguson Era.” Dr. Crichlow is a native of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, where he has held teaching positions at Queen’s Royal College and El Dorado Secondary School.<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1246216">View All (8)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1246216" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" 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data-has-card-for-ri-list="1246216" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privatization_of_Security"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;gray&quot;,&quot;children&quot;:[&quot;Privatization of Security&quot;]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-9ec119fa-364e-4ed8-8acf-a2cc127d3bcd"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-9ec119fa-364e-4ed8-8acf-a2cc127d3bcd"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1246216" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;gray&quot;,&quot;children&quot;:[&quot;Race and Ethnicity&quot;]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-c8eadfb4-0282-4212-afe2-0ac50bc1aa56"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-c8eadfb4-0282-4212-afe2-0ac50bc1aa56"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1246216" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wrongful_Convictions"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;gray&quot;,&quot;children&quot;:[&quot;Wrongful Convictions&quot;]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-3f06b7d1-f08a-4d23-9a5b-8c12d98df49d"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-3f06b7d1-f08a-4d23-9a5b-8c12d98df49d"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1246216" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Citizenship"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;gray&quot;,&quot;children&quot;:[&quot;Citizenship&quot;]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-406e31a2-9453-4c0d-bae3-80ffeb66201b"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-406e31a2-9453-4c0d-bae3-80ffeb66201b"></div> </a></div></div><div class="external-links-container"><ul class="profile-links new-profile js-UserInfo-social"><li class="profile-profiles js-social-profiles-container"><i class="fa fa-spin fa-spinner"></i></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Vaughn Crichlow</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="70439833"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/70439833/Police_Community_Relations_in_Times_of_Crisis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Police–Community Relations in Times of Crisis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/70439833/Police_Community_Relations_in_Times_of_Crisis">Police–Community Relations in Times of Crisis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The deaths of Michael Brown and George Floyd at the hands of white police officers have uncovered...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The deaths of Michael Brown and George Floyd at the hands of white police officers have uncovered an apparent legitimacy crisis at the heart of American policing. Drawing on interviews with officers, offenders, practitioners and community members, this book explores policing changes in the &amp;#39;post-Ferguson&amp;#39; era and informs future policing practice.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="70439833"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70439833"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70439833; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70439833]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70439833]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70439833; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='70439833']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70439833, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=70439833]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":70439833,"title":"Police–Community Relations in Times of Crisis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The deaths of Michael Brown and George Floyd at the hands of white police officers have uncovered an apparent legitimacy crisis at the heart of American policing. 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Notwithstanding the growing body of research on public perceptions towards police, there is little qualitative research on the police perceptions on their attributions for crime, their declining legitimacy, and the breakdown of justice.  It is crucial to increase knowledge on police perceptions towards the public, particularly in the aftermath of violent police-citizen encounters. Given the likelihood that such perceptions will influence the behavior of police officers when interacting with the public, exploring police perspectives regarding crime, their declining legitimacy, and the breakdown of justice is a worthy endeavor. This study, therefore, presents qualitative analysis of data gathered from interviews of 20 local police officers and deputies and participant observations conducted in a Southern American State. The study found that officers blamed community members and dy...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="64331069"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64331069"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64331069; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64331069]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64331069]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64331069; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='64331069']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64331069, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=64331069]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":64331069,"title":"Placing the Blame in the Post-Ferguson Era: An Exploration of Police Attributions for Crime, Their Declining Legitimacy, and the Breakdown of Justice","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper explores police perceptions on the causes of crime and the declining legitimacy of the police. 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The study found that officers blamed community members and dy...","publisher":"American Journal of Qualitative Research","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"American Journal of Qualitative Research"},"translated_abstract":"This paper explores police perceptions on the causes of crime and the declining legitimacy of the police. Notwithstanding the growing body of research on public perceptions towards police, there is little qualitative research on the police perceptions on their attributions for crime, their declining legitimacy, and the breakdown of justice.  It is crucial to increase knowledge on police perceptions towards the public, particularly in the aftermath of violent police-citizen encounters. 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The study found that officers blamed community members and dy...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64331069/Placing_the_Blame_in_the_Post_Ferguson_Era_An_Exploration_of_Police_Attributions_for_Crime_Their_Declining_Legitimacy_and_the_Breakdown_of_Justice","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-12-15T09:29:04.249-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1246216,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Placing_the_Blame_in_the_Post_Ferguson_Era_An_Exploration_of_Police_Attributions_for_Crime_Their_Declining_Legitimacy_and_the_Breakdown_of_Justice","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1246216,"first_name":"Vaughn","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Crichlow","page_name":"VaughnCrichlow","domain_name":"fau","created_at":"2012-02-27T00:17:45.815-08:00","display_name":"Vaughn Crichlow","url":"https://fau.academia.edu/VaughnCrichlow"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="64331056"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/64331056/A_Race_and_Power_Perspective_on_Police_Brutality_in_America"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Race and Power Perspective on Police Brutality in America" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76415173/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/64331056/A_Race_and_Power_Perspective_on_Police_Brutality_in_America">A Race and Power Perspective on Police Brutality in America</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Undergraduate Research Journal</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study presents a review of cases reported in the news media regarding unarmed black men shot...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study presents a review of cases reported in the news media regarding unarmed black men shot and killed by police in the United States (U.S.) between the years 2011 and 2016. In the sampled cases, all police officers involved were acquitted following decisions from grand juries or district attorneys. This research comprises cases involving deaths of unarmed African-American males. Case data were collected from two prominent newspapers: The Washington Post and The New York Times. Analyzing these articles allows for a better understanding regarding the outcomes, effects, and the repercussions of the incidents in the African American community. By incorporating Critical Race Theory (CRT), this research will provide individuals with a better understanding of racism and discrimination that has been historically propagated by police forces, and its negative effect on Western society. By investigating police policies and procedures, as well high-profile incidents of police coercion, t...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="550150c7618d874abbceafac0ee38fa9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:76415173,&quot;asset_id&quot;:64331056,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;profile&quot;}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76415173/download_file?st=MTczMjgxOTMwNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="64331056"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64331056"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64331056; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64331056]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64331056]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64331056; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='64331056']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64331056, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "550150c7618d874abbceafac0ee38fa9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=64331056]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":64331056,"title":"A Race and Power Perspective on Police Brutality in America","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This study presents a review of cases reported in the news media regarding unarmed black men shot and killed by police in the United States (U.S.) between the years 2011 and 2016. 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By investigating police policies and procedures, as well high-profile incidents of police coercion, t...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Undergraduate Research Journal"},"translated_abstract":"This study presents a review of cases reported in the news media regarding unarmed black men shot and killed by police in the United States (U.S.) between the years 2011 and 2016. In the sampled cases, all police officers involved were acquitted following decisions from grand juries or district attorneys. This research comprises cases involving deaths of unarmed African-American males. Case data were collected from two prominent newspapers: The Washington Post and The New York Times. Analyzing these articles allows for a better understanding regarding the outcomes, effects, and the repercussions of the incidents in the African American community. By incorporating Critical Race Theory (CRT), this research will provide individuals with a better understanding of racism and discrimination that has been historically propagated by police forces, and its negative effect on Western society. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="64331043"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/64331043/Merchants_in_the_Motor_City_An_Assessment_of_Arab_and_Chaldean_Business_Owners_Perceptions_toward_Public_Officials_and_Law_Enforcement"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Merchants in the Motor City: An Assessment of Arab and Chaldean Business Owners’ Perceptions toward Public Officials and Law Enforcement" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76415170/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/64331043/Merchants_in_the_Motor_City_An_Assessment_of_Arab_and_Chaldean_Business_Owners_Perceptions_toward_Public_Officials_and_Law_Enforcement">Merchants in the Motor City: An Assessment of Arab and Chaldean Business Owners’ Perceptions toward Public Officials and Law Enforcement</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law &amp; Society</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Detroit is known for its socio-economic problems and its high crime rates, and these issues have ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Detroit is known for its socio-economic problems and its high crime rates, and these issues have impacted the business community. However, little is known about business owners’ experiences and perceptions in high-crime environments. This qualitative study explores the challenges facing business owners, and highlights Arab and Chaldean participants’ perceptions in some of Detroit’s most violent and disorderly areas. The study discusses the role of legal cynicism, legitimacy perceptions and the fear of crime in shaping perceptions of local government officials and law enforcement. The findings from in-depth interviews indicate that while participants were not tolerant of crime and delinquency, they possessed unfavorable perceptions of city authorities. Furthermore, of the ethnic groups studied, Arab business owners were most concerned about unfair business regulations, the poor performance of police, the threat of violent crime and declining residential communities. The implications ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="83d9055ede0c108851fee179372f9e83" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:76415170,&quot;asset_id&quot;:64331043,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;profile&quot;}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76415170/download_file?st=MTczMjgxOTMwNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="64331043"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64331043"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64331043; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64331043]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64331043]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64331043; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='64331043']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64331043, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "83d9055ede0c108851fee179372f9e83" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=64331043]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":64331043,"title":"Merchants in the Motor City: An Assessment of Arab and Chaldean Business Owners’ Perceptions toward Public Officials and Law Enforcement","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Detroit is known for its socio-economic problems and its high crime rates, and these issues have impacted the business community. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="57594993"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/57594993/An_Integrative_Assessment_of_Self_Control_Deviant_Friendships_and_Fraudulent_Behavior"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Integrative Assessment of Self-Control, Deviant Friendships, and Fraudulent Behavior" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" 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container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=57594993]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":57594993,"title":"An Integrative Assessment of Self-Control, Deviant Friendships, and Fraudulent Behavior","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media 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Crichlow","url":"https://fau.academia.edu/VaughnCrichlow"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology"}],"urls":[{"id":12920636,"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12103-021-09642-9.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="57594983"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/57594983/Emergent_Dimensions_of_Community_Oriented_Policing"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Emergent Dimensions of Community-Oriented Policing" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/57594983/Emergent_Dimensions_of_Community_Oriented_Policing">Emergent Dimensions of Community-Oriented Policing</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Crime &amp; Delinquency</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Community-oriented policing (COP) is arguably the most popular and most misunderstood policing ph...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Community-oriented policing (COP) is arguably the most popular and most misunderstood policing philosophy. Definitional ambiguity contributes to this problem, hampering theoretical development, creative new strategies of implementation, and evidence-based policy. DiMaggio and Powell’s seminal piece on institutional isomorphism provides a framework for understanding the organizational vagueness of COP, including the processes of homogenization of priorities and structures across police organizations. We propose several new dimensions of COP, developed using police mission statements from a nationally representative sample of law enforcement agencies ( N = 2,826). These emergent dimensions (Shallow Community-Oriented Policing, Responsivity, Legitimacy, Constitutionality, and Inclusivity) provide new avenues of theoretical consideration of the COP construct. Exploring these novel elements may strengthen existing community-oriented strategies and encourage creative policy suggestions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="57594983"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57594983"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57594983; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57594983]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57594983]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57594983; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='57594983']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57594983, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=57594983]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":57594983,"title":"Emergent Dimensions of Community-Oriented Policing","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Community-oriented policing (COP) is arguably the most popular and most misunderstood policing philosophy. Definitional ambiguity contributes to this problem, hampering theoretical development, creative new strategies of implementation, and evidence-based policy. DiMaggio and Powell’s seminal piece on institutional isomorphism provides a framework for understanding the organizational vagueness of COP, including the processes of homogenization of priorities and structures across police organizations. We propose several new dimensions of COP, developed using police mission statements from a nationally representative sample of law enforcement agencies ( N = 2,826). These emergent dimensions (Shallow Community-Oriented Policing, Responsivity, Legitimacy, Constitutionality, and Inclusivity) provide new avenues of theoretical consideration of the COP construct. Exploring these novel elements may strengthen existing community-oriented strategies and encourage creative policy suggestions.","publisher":"SAGE Publications","publication_name":"Crime \u0026 Delinquency"},"translated_abstract":"Community-oriented policing (COP) is arguably the most popular and most misunderstood policing philosophy. Definitional ambiguity contributes to this problem, hampering theoretical development, creative new strategies of implementation, and evidence-based policy. DiMaggio and Powell’s seminal piece on institutional isomorphism provides a framework for understanding the organizational vagueness of COP, including the processes of homogenization of priorities and structures across police organizations. We propose several new dimensions of COP, developed using police mission statements from a nationally representative sample of law enforcement agencies ( N = 2,826). These emergent dimensions (Shallow Community-Oriented Policing, Responsivity, Legitimacy, Constitutionality, and Inclusivity) provide new avenues of theoretical consideration of the COP construct. Exploring these novel elements may strengthen existing community-oriented strategies and encourage creative policy suggestions.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57594983/Emergent_Dimensions_of_Community_Oriented_Policing","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-13T12:02:52.673-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1246216,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Emergent_Dimensions_of_Community_Oriented_Policing","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1246216,"first_name":"Vaughn","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Crichlow","page_name":"VaughnCrichlow","domain_name":"fau","created_at":"2012-02-27T00:17:45.815-08:00","display_name":"Vaughn Crichlow","url":"https://fau.academia.edu/VaughnCrichlow"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology"},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law"},{"id":1410172,"name":"Crime and Juvenile Delinquency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime_and_Juvenile_Delinquency"}],"urls":[{"id":12920630,"url":"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0011128720962713"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="57594976"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/57594976/Person_Based_Proactivity_and_Community_Relations_Examining_Police_Perspectives_in_Troubled_Times"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Person-Based Proactivity and Community Relations: Examining Police Perspectives in Troubled Times" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/57594976/Person_Based_Proactivity_and_Community_Relations_Examining_Police_Perspectives_in_Troubled_Times">Person-Based Proactivity and Community Relations: Examining Police Perspectives in Troubled Times</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice &amp; Criminology</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="57594976"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57594976"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57594976; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57594976]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57594976]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57594976; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='57594976']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57594976, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=57594976]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":57594976,"title":"Person-Based Proactivity and Community Relations: Examining Police Perspectives in Troubled Times","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"PubPub","publication_name":"Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice \u0026 Criminology"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57594976/Person_Based_Proactivity_and_Community_Relations_Examining_Police_Perspectives_in_Troubled_Times","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-13T12:02:51.279-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1246216,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Person_Based_Proactivity_and_Community_Relations_Examining_Police_Perspectives_in_Troubled_Times","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1246216,"first_name":"Vaughn","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Crichlow","page_name":"VaughnCrichlow","domain_name":"fau","created_at":"2012-02-27T00:17:45.815-08:00","display_name":"Vaughn Crichlow","url":"https://fau.academia.edu/VaughnCrichlow"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="57594964"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/57594964/Cops_in_crisis_ethnographic_insights_on_a_new_era_of_politicization_activism_accountability_and_change_in_transatlantic_policing"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cops in crisis?: ethnographic insights on a new era of politicization, activism, accountability, and change in transatlantic policing" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/57594964/Cops_in_crisis_ethnographic_insights_on_a_new_era_of_politicization_activism_accountability_and_change_in_transatlantic_policing">Cops in crisis?: ethnographic insights on a new era of politicization, activism, accountability, and change in transatlantic policing</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Policing and Society</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="57594964"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57594964"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57594964; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57594964]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57594964]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57594964; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='57594964']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57594964, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=57594964]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":57594964,"title":"Cops in crisis?: ethnographic insights on a new era of politicization, activism, accountability, and change in transatlantic policing","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","publication_name":"Policing and Society"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57594964/Cops_in_crisis_ethnographic_insights_on_a_new_era_of_politicization_activism_accountability_and_change_in_transatlantic_policing","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-13T12:02:49.149-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1246216,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Cops_in_crisis_ethnographic_insights_on_a_new_era_of_politicization_activism_accountability_and_change_in_transatlantic_policing","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1246216,"first_name":"Vaughn","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Crichlow","page_name":"VaughnCrichlow","domain_name":"fau","created_at":"2012-02-27T00:17:45.815-08:00","display_name":"Vaughn Crichlow","url":"https://fau.academia.edu/VaughnCrichlow"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology"},{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy"}],"urls":[{"id":12920621,"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10439463.2019.1584197"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="57594952"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/57594952/Policing_through_social_media_a_qualitative_exploration"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Policing through social media: a qualitative exploration" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/72420548/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/57594952/Policing_through_social_media_a_qualitative_exploration">Policing through social media: a qualitative exploration</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Police Science &amp; Management</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Social media, in the past decade, has been used to hold police accountable for their actions. The...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Social media, in the past decade, has been used to hold police accountable for their actions. There has been, however, a paucity of empirical research into how law enforcement uses social media. To explore this issue, this paper uses qualitative data emerging from ethnographic research conducted in a Southern American state. Participant observations of police officer deployments were paired with semi-structured interviews with officers from three law enforcement agencies. The extent and ways in which these officers used social media is explored. Findings indicate that social media is used to bring positive attention to law enforcement agencies and aid criminal investigations. Although the positive impact of social media was highlighted in these experiences, persistent problems and challenges also featured in the data. Finally, officer insights were drawn upon to make recommendations for future policing policy and research.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="71ed9b6370d1141080a8e9ea853e1b72" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:72420548,&quot;asset_id&quot;:57594952,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;profile&quot;}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72420548/download_file?st=MTczMjgxOTMwNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="57594952"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57594952"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57594952; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57594952]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57594952]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57594952; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='57594952']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57594952, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "71ed9b6370d1141080a8e9ea853e1b72" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=57594952]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":57594952,"title":"Policing through social media: a qualitative exploration","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Social media, in the past decade, has been used to hold police accountable for their actions. 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While the implementation of community policing has been considered mainly within the context of large police agencies, there is a paucity of research on how COP impacts crime reduction efforts in smaller locales. This study explores the effects of the degree of community policing implementation within smaller agencies and cities on crime. As part of the discussion on the impact of COP implementation, this paper also considers the impact of social disorganization on crime in the United States. The aim is to gain further insight into what variables may be influencing crime rates in contexts that garner less attention from researchers. The findings indicate that COP implementation does not significantly explain the variation of crime rates. Still, the statistically significant results on several social disorganization factors reflect the need to incorporate social disorganization theory with practice in order to maximize community-policing success. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31260613"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31260613/Community_perceptions_of_police_body_worn_cameras_The_impactof_views_on_fairness_fear_performance_and_privacy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Community perceptions of police body-worn cameras: The impactof views on fairness, fear, performance, and privacy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31260613/Community_perceptions_of_police_body_worn_cameras_The_impactof_views_on_fairness_fear_performance_and_privacy">Community perceptions of police body-worn cameras: The impactof views on fairness, fear, performance, and privacy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Despite relatively little extant research, efforts to expand the use of body-worn cameras (BWCs) ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Despite relatively little extant research, efforts to expand the use of body-worn cameras (BWCs) in policing are increasing. 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Non-White and younger respondents were indirectly less likely to perceive benefits. 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Drawing on interviews with officers, offenders, practitioners and community members, this book explores policing changes in the &amp;#39;post-Ferguson&amp;#39; era and informs future policing practice.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="70439833"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70439833"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70439833; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70439833]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70439833]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70439833; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='70439833']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70439833, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=70439833]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":70439833,"title":"Police–Community Relations in Times of Crisis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The deaths of Michael Brown and George Floyd at the hands of white police officers have uncovered an apparent legitimacy crisis at the heart of American policing. 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Notwithstanding the growing body of research on public perceptions towards police, there is little qualitative research on the police perceptions on their attributions for crime, their declining legitimacy, and the breakdown of justice.  It is crucial to increase knowledge on police perceptions towards the public, particularly in the aftermath of violent police-citizen encounters. Given the likelihood that such perceptions will influence the behavior of police officers when interacting with the public, exploring police perspectives regarding crime, their declining legitimacy, and the breakdown of justice is a worthy endeavor. This study, therefore, presents qualitative analysis of data gathered from interviews of 20 local police officers and deputies and participant observations conducted in a Southern American State. The study found that officers blamed community members and dy...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="64331069"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64331069"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64331069; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64331069]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64331069]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64331069; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='64331069']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64331069, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=64331069]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":64331069,"title":"Placing the Blame in the Post-Ferguson Era: An Exploration of Police Attributions for Crime, Their Declining Legitimacy, and the Breakdown of Justice","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper explores police perceptions on the causes of crime and the declining legitimacy of the police. 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The study found that officers blamed community members and dy...","publisher":"American Journal of Qualitative Research","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"American Journal of Qualitative Research"},"translated_abstract":"This paper explores police perceptions on the causes of crime and the declining legitimacy of the police. Notwithstanding the growing body of research on public perceptions towards police, there is little qualitative research on the police perceptions on their attributions for crime, their declining legitimacy, and the breakdown of justice.  It is crucial to increase knowledge on police perceptions towards the public, particularly in the aftermath of violent police-citizen encounters. 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The study found that officers blamed community members and dy...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64331069/Placing_the_Blame_in_the_Post_Ferguson_Era_An_Exploration_of_Police_Attributions_for_Crime_Their_Declining_Legitimacy_and_the_Breakdown_of_Justice","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-12-15T09:29:04.249-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1246216,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Placing_the_Blame_in_the_Post_Ferguson_Era_An_Exploration_of_Police_Attributions_for_Crime_Their_Declining_Legitimacy_and_the_Breakdown_of_Justice","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1246216,"first_name":"Vaughn","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Crichlow","page_name":"VaughnCrichlow","domain_name":"fau","created_at":"2012-02-27T00:17:45.815-08:00","display_name":"Vaughn Crichlow","url":"https://fau.academia.edu/VaughnCrichlow"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="64331056"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/64331056/A_Race_and_Power_Perspective_on_Police_Brutality_in_America"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Race and Power Perspective on Police Brutality in America" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76415173/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/64331056/A_Race_and_Power_Perspective_on_Police_Brutality_in_America">A Race and Power Perspective on Police Brutality in America</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Undergraduate Research Journal</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study presents a review of cases reported in the news media regarding unarmed black men shot...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study presents a review of cases reported in the news media regarding unarmed black men shot and killed by police in the United States (U.S.) between the years 2011 and 2016. In the sampled cases, all police officers involved were acquitted following decisions from grand juries or district attorneys. This research comprises cases involving deaths of unarmed African-American males. Case data were collected from two prominent newspapers: The Washington Post and The New York Times. Analyzing these articles allows for a better understanding regarding the outcomes, effects, and the repercussions of the incidents in the African American community. By incorporating Critical Race Theory (CRT), this research will provide individuals with a better understanding of racism and discrimination that has been historically propagated by police forces, and its negative effect on Western society. By investigating police policies and procedures, as well high-profile incidents of police coercion, t...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="550150c7618d874abbceafac0ee38fa9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:76415173,&quot;asset_id&quot;:64331056,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;profile&quot;}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76415173/download_file?st=MTczMjgxOTMwNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="64331056"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64331056"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64331056; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64331056]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64331056]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64331056; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='64331056']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64331056, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "550150c7618d874abbceafac0ee38fa9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=64331056]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":64331056,"title":"A Race and Power Perspective on Police Brutality in America","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This study presents a review of cases reported in the news media regarding unarmed black men shot and killed by police in the United States (U.S.) between the years 2011 and 2016. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="64331043"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/64331043/Merchants_in_the_Motor_City_An_Assessment_of_Arab_and_Chaldean_Business_Owners_Perceptions_toward_Public_Officials_and_Law_Enforcement"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Merchants in the Motor City: An Assessment of Arab and Chaldean Business Owners’ Perceptions toward Public Officials and Law Enforcement" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76415170/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/64331043/Merchants_in_the_Motor_City_An_Assessment_of_Arab_and_Chaldean_Business_Owners_Perceptions_toward_Public_Officials_and_Law_Enforcement">Merchants in the Motor City: An Assessment of Arab and Chaldean Business Owners’ Perceptions toward Public Officials and Law Enforcement</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law &amp; Society</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Detroit is known for its socio-economic problems and its high crime rates, and these issues have ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Detroit is known for its socio-economic problems and its high crime rates, and these issues have impacted the business community. However, little is known about business owners’ experiences and perceptions in high-crime environments. This qualitative study explores the challenges facing business owners, and highlights Arab and Chaldean participants’ perceptions in some of Detroit’s most violent and disorderly areas. The study discusses the role of legal cynicism, legitimacy perceptions and the fear of crime in shaping perceptions of local government officials and law enforcement. The findings from in-depth interviews indicate that while participants were not tolerant of crime and delinquency, they possessed unfavorable perceptions of city authorities. Furthermore, of the ethnic groups studied, Arab business owners were most concerned about unfair business regulations, the poor performance of police, the threat of violent crime and declining residential communities. The implications ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="83d9055ede0c108851fee179372f9e83" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:76415170,&quot;asset_id&quot;:64331043,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;profile&quot;}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76415170/download_file?st=MTczMjgxOTMwNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="64331043"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64331043"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64331043; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64331043]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64331043]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64331043; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='64331043']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64331043, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "83d9055ede0c108851fee179372f9e83" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=64331043]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":64331043,"title":"Merchants in the Motor City: An Assessment of Arab and Chaldean Business Owners’ Perceptions toward Public Officials and Law Enforcement","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Detroit is known for its socio-economic problems and its high crime rates, and these issues have impacted the business community. 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class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/57594983/Emergent_Dimensions_of_Community_Oriented_Policing">Emergent Dimensions of Community-Oriented Policing</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Crime &amp; Delinquency</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Community-oriented policing (COP) is arguably the most popular and most misunderstood policing ph...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Community-oriented policing (COP) is arguably the most popular and most misunderstood policing philosophy. Definitional ambiguity contributes to this problem, hampering theoretical development, creative new strategies of implementation, and evidence-based policy. DiMaggio and Powell’s seminal piece on institutional isomorphism provides a framework for understanding the organizational vagueness of COP, including the processes of homogenization of priorities and structures across police organizations. We propose several new dimensions of COP, developed using police mission statements from a nationally representative sample of law enforcement agencies ( N = 2,826). These emergent dimensions (Shallow Community-Oriented Policing, Responsivity, Legitimacy, Constitutionality, and Inclusivity) provide new avenues of theoretical consideration of the COP construct. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="57594952"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/57594952/Policing_through_social_media_a_qualitative_exploration"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Policing through social media: a qualitative exploration" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/72420548/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/57594952/Policing_through_social_media_a_qualitative_exploration">Policing through social media: a qualitative exploration</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Police Science &amp; Management</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Social media, in the past decade, has been used to hold police accountable for their actions. The...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Social media, in the past decade, has been used to hold police accountable for their actions. There has been, however, a paucity of empirical research into how law enforcement uses social media. To explore this issue, this paper uses qualitative data emerging from ethnographic research conducted in a Southern American state. Participant observations of police officer deployments were paired with semi-structured interviews with officers from three law enforcement agencies. The extent and ways in which these officers used social media is explored. Findings indicate that social media is used to bring positive attention to law enforcement agencies and aid criminal investigations. Although the positive impact of social media was highlighted in these experiences, persistent problems and challenges also featured in the data. Finally, officer insights were drawn upon to make recommendations for future policing policy and research.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="71ed9b6370d1141080a8e9ea853e1b72" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:72420548,&quot;asset_id&quot;:57594952,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;profile&quot;}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72420548/download_file?st=MTczMjgxOTMwNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="57594952"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57594952"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57594952; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57594952]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57594952]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57594952; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='57594952']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57594952, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "71ed9b6370d1141080a8e9ea853e1b72" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=57594952]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":57594952,"title":"Policing through social media: a qualitative exploration","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Social media, in the past decade, has been used to hold police accountable for their actions. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="57594939"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/57594939/An_Exploratory_Assessment_of_Community_Oriented_Policing_Implementation_Social_Disorganization_and_Crime_in_America"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Exploratory Assessment of Community-Oriented Policing Implementation, Social Disorganization and Crime in America" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/72420414/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/57594939/An_Exploratory_Assessment_of_Community_Oriented_Policing_Implementation_Social_Disorganization_and_Crime_in_America">An Exploratory Assessment of Community-Oriented Policing Implementation, Social Disorganization and Crime in America</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Social Sciences</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cdb2d1ae6e229082491d7ae29bd80e9d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:72420414,&quot;asset_id&quot;:57594939,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;profile&quot;}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72420414/download_file?st=MTczMjgxOTMwNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="57594939"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57594939"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57594939; 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While the implementation of community policing has been considered mainly within the context of large police agencies, there is a paucity of research on how COP impacts crime reduction efforts in smaller locales. This study explores the effects of the degree of community policing implementation within smaller agencies and cities on crime. As part of the discussion on the impact of COP implementation, this paper also considers the impact of social disorganization on crime in the United States. The aim is to gain further insight into what variables may be influencing crime rates in contexts that garner less attention from researchers. The findings indicate that COP implementation does not significantly explain the variation of crime rates. Still, the statistically significant results on several social disorganization factors reflect the need to incorporate social disorganization theory with practice in order to maximize community-policing success. 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The conditions of use are not intended to override, should any national law grant further rights to any user. Conditions of use Articles, books and chapters published within the Springer Nature group of companies which are made available through academic repositories remain subject to copyright. Any reuse is subject to permission from Springer Nature. The following restrictions on reuse of such articles, books and chapters apply: Academic research only 1. Archived content may only be used for academic research. Any content downloaded for text based experiments should be destroyed when the experiment is complete. Reuse must not be for Commercial Purposes 2. Archived content may not be used for purposes that are intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, licence, loan, transfer or any other form of commercial exploitation (\"Commercial Purposes\"). Wholesale re-publishing is prohibited 3. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31260613"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31260613/Community_perceptions_of_police_body_worn_cameras_The_impactof_views_on_fairness_fear_performance_and_privacy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Community perceptions of police body-worn cameras: The impactof views on fairness, fear, performance, and privacy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31260613/Community_perceptions_of_police_body_worn_cameras_The_impactof_views_on_fairness_fear_performance_and_privacy">Community perceptions of police body-worn cameras: The impactof views on fairness, fear, performance, and privacy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Despite relatively little extant research, efforts to expand the use of body-worn cameras (BWCs) ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Despite relatively little extant research, efforts to expand the use of body-worn cameras (BWCs) in policing are increasing. Although recent research suggests positive impacts of BWCs on reducing police use-of-force and citizen complaints, little is known about community members’ perceptions of BWCs. The current study examined perceptions of residents of two Florida counties and found a large majority of respondents supported the use of BWCs. Structural equation modeling was utilized to examine factors that influence views of BWCs. Findings indicate that positive perceptions of police performance and more police interaction were associated with greater perceived benefits of BWCs, whereas concerns about the privacy reduced perceived BWC benefits. Respondents’ views of procedural fairness and crime concern were indirectly related to perceptions BWC benefits. Non-White and younger respondents were indirectly less likely to perceive benefits. Implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31260613"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31260613"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31260613; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31260613]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31260613]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31260613; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31260613']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31260613, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31260613]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31260613,"title":"Community perceptions of police body-worn cameras: The impactof views on fairness, fear, performance, and privacy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Despite relatively little extant research, efforts to expand the use of body-worn cameras (BWCs) in policing are increasing. Although recent research suggests positive impacts of BWCs on reducing police use-of-force and citizen complaints, little is known about community members’ perceptions of BWCs. The current study examined perceptions of residents of two Florida counties and found a large majority of respondents supported the use of BWCs. Structural equation modeling was utilized to examine factors that influence views of BWCs. Findings indicate that positive perceptions of police performance and more police interaction were associated with greater perceived benefits of BWCs, whereas concerns about the privacy reduced perceived BWC benefits. Respondents’ views of procedural fairness and crime concern were indirectly related to perceptions BWC benefits. Non-White and younger respondents were indirectly less likely to perceive benefits. Implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed."},"translated_abstract":"Despite relatively little extant research, efforts to expand the use of body-worn cameras (BWCs) in policing are increasing. Although recent research suggests positive impacts of BWCs on reducing police use-of-force and citizen complaints, little is known about community members’ perceptions of BWCs. The current study examined perceptions of residents of two Florida counties and found a large majority of respondents supported the use of BWCs. Structural equation modeling was utilized to examine factors that influence views of BWCs. Findings indicate that positive perceptions of police performance and more police interaction were associated with greater perceived benefits of BWCs, whereas concerns about the privacy reduced perceived BWC benefits. Respondents’ views of procedural fairness and crime concern were indirectly related to perceptions BWC benefits. 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