Creek War | Native Americans, Alabama, Georgia

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[{"p":1,"t":142411},{"p":1,"t":534089},{"p":3,"t":298760},{"p":1,"t":602008},{"p":1,"t":142389},{"p":7,"t":667914},{"p":1,"t":641224},{"p":1,"t":689068},{"p":4,"t":2157712},{"p":1,"t":285943}], "sequence": 1, "topics": {} }); </script> <article class="article-content container-lg qa-content px-0 pt-0 pb-40 py-lg-20 content " data-topic-id="142411"> <div class="grid gx-0"> <div class="col-auto"> <div class="topic-left-rail md-article-drawer position-relative d-flex border-right-sm border-left-sm open"> <div class="drawer d-flex flex-column open"> <div class="left-rail-section-content"> <div class="topic-left-rail-header text-truncate bg-gray-50 position-relative text-right d-flex align-items-center"> <div class="tlr-title px-20 py-15 text-left"> <em class="material-icons text-gray-400 d-lg-none" data-icon="toc"></em> <a class="font-serif font-weight-bold text-black link-blue" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Creek-War">Creek War</a> </div> <button aria-label="Close" class="js-sections-close-button btn-link btn-sm btn d-lg-none position-absolute top-0 p-10 right-0" > <em class="material-icons font-26" data-icon="close"></em> </button> </div> <div class="section-content pl-10 pr-20 pl-sm-50 pr-sm-60 pl-lg-5 pr-lg-10 pt-10 pt-lg-0 bg-gray-50 clear-catfish-ad"> <div class="toc mb-20"> <div class="font-serif font-14 font-weight-bold mx-15 mb-15 mt-20"> Table of Contents </div> <span class="toc-extra-link selected link-gray-900 mt-15"> Introduction </span> <a class="toc-extra-link link-gray-900" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Creek-War/additional-info">References & Edit History</a> <a class="toc-extra-link link-gray-900" href="/facts/Creek-War">Quick Facts & Related Topics</a> </div> <div class="mb-30 tlr-related-quizzes"> <div class="text-gray-900 p-5 font-serif font-14 font-weight-bold mx-10 mb-10"> Quizzes </div> <div class="imagelink-with-image-on-the-side card card-horizontal tlr-img-with-side-link ml-15 link-gray-900 mb-10" > <div class="position-relative card-media" style="flex: 0;"> <a class="ilf-image position-relative" href="/quiz/world-wars"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/69/159669-131-A73FA5E9/Louis-IX-stained-glass-window-France-Crusades.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Louis IX of France (St. Louis), stained glass window of Louis IX during the Crusades. (Unknown location.)" width="200" height="200" /> </a> </div> <div class="card-body ilf-content"> <a class="font-weight-semi-bold d-block mb-5 font-16 ilf-title" href="/quiz/world-wars" >World Wars</a> </div> </div> <div class="imagelink-with-image-on-the-side card card-horizontal tlr-img-with-side-link ml-15 link-gray-900 mb-10" > <div class="position-relative card-media" style="flex: 0;"> <a class="ilf-image position-relative" href="/quiz/a-history-of-war"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/45/171645-131-FB9DD0D9/D-Day-soldiers-American-rifles-grenades-beachheads-bunker-June-6-1944.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="D-Day. American soldiers fire rifles, throw grenades and wade ashore on Omaha Beach next to a German bunker during D Day landing. 1 of 5 Allied beachheads est. in Normandy, France. 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The <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shawnee-people" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Shawnee</a> leader <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tecumseh-Shawnee-chief" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Tecumseh</a>, who expected British help in recovering hunting grounds lost to settlers, travelled to the south to warn of dangers to native <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="cultures" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cultures" data-type="MW">cultures</a> posed by whites. Factions arose among the Creeks, and a group known as the Red Sticks preyed upon white settlements and fought with those Creeks who opposed them. On August 30, 1813, when the Red Sticks swept down upon 553 surprised frontiersmen at a crude fortification at Lake Tensaw, north of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Mobile-Alabama" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Mobile</a>, the resulting Ft. Mims Massacre stirred the Southern states into a vigorous response. The main army of 5,000 militiamen was led by Gen. <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andrew-Jackson" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Andrew Jackson</a>, who succeeded in wiping out two Indian villages that fall: Tallasahatchee and Talladega.</p><span class="marker MOD1 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD2 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">The following spring hundreds of Creeks gathered at what seemed an impenetrable village fortress on a peninsula on the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Tallapoosa-River" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Tallapoosa River</a>, awaiting the Americans’ attack. On March 27, 1814, at the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Horseshoe-Band" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Battle of Horseshoe Bend</a> (Tohopeka, Ala.), Jackson’s superior numbers (3,000 to 1,000) and armaments (including cannon) demolished the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Creek-people" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Creek</a> defenses, slaughtering more than 800 warriors and imprisoning 500 women and children. The power of the Indians of the Old Southwest was broken.</p><div class="one-good-fact-module"> </div><span class="marker MOD2 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD3 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">At the Treaty of Ft. Jackson (August 9) the Creeks were required to cede 23,000,000 acres of land, <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="comprising" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/comprising" data-type="MW">comprising</a> more than half of Alabama and part of southern Georgia. Much of that territory belonged to Indians who had earlier been Jackson’s allies.</p><a class="link-module shadow-sm d-block qa-quiz-module" href="/quiz/world-wars" data-link-module-iframe-link=""> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/69/159669-131-A73FA5E9/Louis-IX-stained-glass-window-France-Crusades.jpg" alt="Louis IX of France (St. Louis), stained glass window of Louis IX during the Crusades. 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