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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/La_Bayad%C3%A8re" title="La Bayadère">La Bayadère</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Opera by Charles-Simon Catel</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inauguration_of_the_Salle_Le_Peletier_with_Les_Bayad%C3%A8res_1821_%E2%80%93_Gallica_btv1b84367769_(adjusted).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Inauguration_of_the_Salle_Le_Peletier_with_Les_Bayad%C3%A8res_1821_%E2%80%93_Gallica_btv1b84367769_%28adjusted%29.jpg/300px-Inauguration_of_the_Salle_Le_Peletier_with_Les_Bayad%C3%A8res_1821_%E2%80%93_Gallica_btv1b84367769_%28adjusted%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Inauguration_of_the_Salle_Le_Peletier_with_Les_Bayad%C3%A8res_1821_%E2%80%93_Gallica_btv1b84367769_%28adjusted%29.jpg/450px-Inauguration_of_the_Salle_Le_Peletier_with_Les_Bayad%C3%A8res_1821_%E2%80%93_Gallica_btv1b84367769_%28adjusted%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Inauguration_of_the_Salle_Le_Peletier_with_Les_Bayad%C3%A8res_1821_%E2%80%93_Gallica_btv1b84367769_%28adjusted%29.jpg/600px-Inauguration_of_the_Salle_Le_Peletier_with_Les_Bayad%C3%A8res_1821_%E2%80%93_Gallica_btv1b84367769_%28adjusted%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2541" data-file-height="2588" /></a><figcaption>Performance of <i>Les bayadères</i> in 1821 for the inauguration of the <a href="/wiki/Salle_Le_Peletier" title="Salle Le Peletier">Salle Le Peletier</a> in Paris</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Les bayadères</b></i> is an opera in three acts by the composer <a href="/wiki/Charles-Simon_Catel" title="Charles-Simon Catel">Charles-Simon Catel</a>. The French-language libretto, by <a href="/wiki/Victor-Joseph_%C3%89tienne_de_Jouy" title="Victor-Joseph Étienne de Jouy">Victor-Joseph Étienne de Jouy</a>, is based on <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>'s story <i>L'education d'un prince</i>. It was first performed on 8 August 1810 by the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Opera" title="Paris Opera">Paris Opéra</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_National_de_la_rue_de_la_Loi" class="mw-redirect" title="Théâtre National de la rue de la Loi">Théâtre des Arts</a> with the famous <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexandrine-Caroline_Branchu" title="Alexandrine-Caroline Branchu">Caroline Branchu</a> in the lead role of Laméa. <i>Les bayadères</i> was Catel's most popular opera.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance_history">Performance history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_bayad%C3%A8res&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Performance history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The success of the work was helped by a first-rate cast and the luxury of the spectacle. Among the star singers were Madame Branchu, <a href="/wiki/Henri-%C3%89tienne_D%C3%A9rivis" title="Henri-Étienne Dérivis">Henri-Étienne Dérivis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Nourrit" title="Louis Nourrit">Louis Nourrit</a>. The dancers included <a href="/wiki/%C3%89milie_Bigottini" title="Émilie Bigottini">Émilie Bigottini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gardel" title="Pierre Gardel">Pierre Gardel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the third act, 130 performers were on stage.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Pougin" title="Arthur Pougin">Arthur Pougin</a> calculated that the whole production cost 150,000 francs, including 90,000 francs on costumes, a considerable sum for the day.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Rey" title="Jean-Baptiste Rey">Jean-Baptiste Rey</a> was due to conduct, but he died in July. His replacement was <a href="/wiki/Louis-Luc_Loiseau_de_Persuis" title="Louis-Luc Loiseau de Persuis">Louis-Luc Loiseau de Persuis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later revivals were often in a reduced, two-act version, first performed on 21 June 1814.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A staging of <i>Les bayadères</i> in its original three acts was chosen to mark the inauguration of the Paris Opéra's new home, the <a href="/wiki/Salle_Le_Peletier" title="Salle Le Peletier">Salle Le Peletier</a>, on 16 August 1821.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Libretto_and_music:_a_transitional_work">Libretto and music: a transitional work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_bayad%C3%A8res&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Libretto and music: a transitional work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Les bayadères</i> is an important transitional work in the tradition of operas on Oriental themes. In the 18th-century, these tended to be set in the Middle East and were usually comic in spirit. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Entf%C3%BChrung_aus_dem_Serail" title="Die Entführung aus dem Serail">Die Entführung aus dem Serail</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gr%C3%A9try" title="André Grétry">Grétry</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/La_caravane_du_Caire" title="La caravane du Caire">La caravane du Caire</a></i>. As the 19th century progressed, French Oriental operas moved further eastwards, especially to <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, with works such as <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bizet" title="Georges Bizet">Bizet</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Les_p%C3%AAcheurs_de_perles" title="Les pêcheurs de perles">Les pêcheurs de perles</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Delibes" title="Léo Delibes">Delibes'</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Lakm%C3%A9" title="Lakmé">Lakmé</a></i>. These were generally more emotional than comic and <i>Les bayadères</i>, set in India and with a serious plot, is an obvious forerunner.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Les bayadères</i> also marks a stage towards the creation of French <a href="/wiki/Grand_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Opera">Grand Opera</a>. It shares many features with another work set to a libretto by Jouy, <a href="/wiki/Gasparo_Spontini" class="mw-redirect" title="Gasparo Spontini">Spontini</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/La_vestale" class="mw-redirect" title="La vestale">La vestale</a></i> (1807), the greatest operatic success of the Napoleonic era. Like <i>La vestale</i>, the heroine of <i>Les bayadères</i> has taken a religious vow of perpetual chastity. The choice of an historical subject, the sumptuous sets and the many opportunities for dance were all features of <i>La vestale</i> too, as they would be of the Grand Opera which appeared in France in the late 1820s and dominated the repertoire of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catel was a great admirer of Mozart, whose <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Flute" title="The Magic Flute">The Magic Flute</a></i> had been staged in France in 1801.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the music of <i>Les bayadéres</i> reflects this. <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Cond%C3%A9" title="Gérard Condé">Gérard Condé</a> describes the score as "a rare example in the French repertoire of an opera that assimilates the Mozartian style as a means of toning down the brazenness and sterility of neo-<a href="/wiki/Christoph_Willibald_Gluck" title="Christoph Willibald Gluck">Gluckism</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, <i>Les bayadères</i> too shows the influence of Gluck. Its heroine, Laméa, resembles Gluck's Iphigénie (in both <i><a href="/wiki/Iphig%C3%A9nie_en_Aulide" title="Iphigénie en Aulide">Iphigénie en Aulide</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Iphig%C3%A9nie_en_Tauride" title="Iphigénie en Tauride">Iphigénie en Tauride</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roles">Roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_bayad%C3%A8res&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Cast </th> <th>Voice type </th> <th>Premiere<br /> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Démaly, <i>Rajah of Benares</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a> </td> <td>Louis Nourrit </td></tr> <tr> <td>Olkar, <i>general of the Mahrattas</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">bass</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henri-%C3%89tienne_D%C3%A9rivis" title="Henri-Étienne Dérivis">Henri-Étienne Dérivis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rustan, <i>intendant of the rajah's harem</i> </td> <td>tenor </td> <td>Laforêt </td></tr> <tr> <td>Narséa, <i>the High Brahmin</i> </td> <td>bass </td> <td>Jean-Honoré Bertin (né Bertin Dilloy) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rutrem, <i>minister to the rajah</i> </td> <td>tenor </td> <td>Casimir Éloy (or Éloi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Salem, <i>Olkar's confidant</i> </td> <td>bass </td> <td>Duparc </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hyderam, <i>a Brahmin</i> </td> <td>bass </td> <td>Jean-Honoré Bertin (né Bertin Dilloy) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Laméa, <i>principal bayadere</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> </td> <td>Rose-Timoléone-Caroline Chevalier de Lavit, called <a href="/wiki/Alexandrine-Caroline_Branchu" title="Alexandrine-Caroline Branchu">Mme Branchu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Inora, Divané, Dévéda, <i>the rajah's favourites</i> </td> <td>sopranos </td> <td>Jeanart, Joséphine Armand, Émilie Benoist </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Three bayaderes</i> </td> <td>sopranos </td> <td>Lucy Portes, Percillier (junior), Reine </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synopsis">Synopsis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_bayad%C3%A8res&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Synopsis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><b>Time: 1682</b></dt> <dt>Place: Benares</dt> <dt>Act 1</dt></dl> <p>Démaly, the rajah of the holy city of <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Benares</a>, is in love with Laméa. Unfortunately, Laméa is a <a href="/wiki/Devadasi" title="Devadasi">bayadere</a>, a holy dancer for the god <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a> and she is forbidden from marrying. Démaly will be forced to take a bride from within the royal harem. Before he can make a decision, Benares is attacked by the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Mahratta</a> general Olkar, who captures the city and throws Démaly into prison. </p> <dl><dt>Act 2</dt></dl> <p>Olkar wants to seize the diadem of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>, the great treasure of Benares, but Démaly refuses to say where it is hidden. Olkar places Laméa in Démaly's prison cell, hoping she will lure him into revealing the location. Instead, she tells Démaly that an army of rescuers is on its way from Ellabad. The bayaderes also have a plan to trick the Mahrattas. She tells Olkar she knows where the diadem is but will only bring it to him after a victory celebration in Benares. The festivities take place and the bayaderes lull the Mahrattas with their dancing and intoxicating drinks and secretly take away their weapons. Laméa now gives the signal for the rescuing army to attack. Led by Démaly, who has been freed from prison, they defeat the Mahrattas. </p> <dl><dt>Act 3</dt></dl> <p>Laméa still refuses to break her vow and marry Démaly. News comes that Démaly has been struck by a <a href="/wiki/Poisoned_arrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisoned arrow">poisoned arrow</a> and is dying. The Brahmin Hyderam says that the rajah must marry immediately and his wife must die on the funeral pyre with him. Démaly volunteers to accept this sacrifice and prepares for the funeral. Démaly appears, safe and sound. Laméa still will not marry him, until Hyderam releases her from her religious vows, saying the god <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> once married a bayadere. The opera ends with the wedding celebrations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recording">Recording</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_bayad%C3%A8res&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Recording"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Les bayadères</i> Chantal Santon, Philippe Do, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Heyboer" title="André Heyboer">André Heyboer</a>, Mathias Vidal, Solamente Naturali/Musica Florea, National Bulgarian Choir Svetoslav Obretenov, conducted by Didier Talpain (Ediciones Singulares, 2014)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_bayad%C3%A8res&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Viking</i>, p.187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pougin, p.7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Talpain, p.49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pougin, pp.7-8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pougin, p.8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pougin, p.9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Viking</i>, p.187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Talpain, p.50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Talpain, pp.47-48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Talpain, pp.48-49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As <i>Les mystères d'Isis</i>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Condé, p.39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Talpain, p.49</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_bayad%C3%A8res&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Original libretto: <i>Les Bayadères, Opéra en trois actes, représenté pour la première fois sur le Théatre de l'Académie Impériale de Musique, le 8 aout 1810</i> (second edition), Paris, Marchands de Nouveautés, 1810 (accessible for free online as a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VwmImsW0mbYC&dq=les+bayad%C3%A8res+op%C3%A9ra+en+trois+actes+catel+1810&pg=PA1">Google ebook-gratis</a>)</li> <li>Essays in the book accompanying the Talpain recording by Gérard Condé and Didier Talpain</li> <li>Holden, Amanda (ed.) <i>The Viking Opera Guide</i> (Viking, 1993)</li> <li>Pougin, Arthur: introduction to the 1881 edition of <i>Les bayadères</i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lesbayadresoprae00cate">available online at Archive.org</a>)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Les_bayadères&oldid=1234598476">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Les_bayadères&oldid=1234598476</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Operas" title="Category:Operas">Operas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1810_operas" 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